Rather than viewing invasiveness as a quality intrinsic to a cancer, researchers needed to consider invasiveness as a pathological relationship between an organism and an environment.
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The episode does a fine job driving home hacking's humiliating invasiveness.
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As far as the invasiveness, they're also pretty open to people.
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Stretch responded that Facebook has safeguards in place to prevent that level of invasiveness.
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There are regular reports of minor bot abuse by those protesting high-tech invasiveness.
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The invasiveness of the surgery also has an impact on the length of the recovery.
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That said, there are looming concerns about the invasiveness of this type of surveillance technology.
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At the same time, some parrot species are proving flexible to the point of invasiveness.
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In what ways have they demonstrated flexibility to the point of invasiveness in new habitats?
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It reflects on the invasiveness of celebrity, and the destructive side of the creative process.
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It's also here that S-Town becomes both incredibly invasive — and incredibly rewarding despite that invasiveness.
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One of the most worrying aspects of emerging machine learning technologies is their invasiveness on user privacy.
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Not that I'm not well known there, they just don't have the invasiveness that we have here.
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Eucalyptus trees, not native to this hemisphere, are well-documented for invasiveness, freshwater depletion and extreme flammability.
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This means that real, usable organs and be printed and implanted in a few hours with minimum invasiveness.
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Private security guards in front of Southern Nights frisked patrons with all the invasiveness of a root canal.
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Upon my diagnosis, I worried about the invasiveness of the surgery and the long weeks of recovery ahead.
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This, Holmes promised, would save lives by giving patients easier and faster access to blood tests with minimal invasiveness.
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He believes the low uptake of colonoscopy is due to non-financial barriers, including the invasiveness of the procedure.
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Some prefer pads because they don't want—or can't physically work with—the invasiveness or penetration of a tampon.
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Despite this concern about the invasiveness of verification, there is a growing consensus that the BWC must become more effective.
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How far do you take the invasiveness of trying to decide what talent is, and how you can physically test for it?
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It is a basic insight that an undergraduate ecologist might find familiar: the "invasiveness" of an organism is always a relative concept.
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For now, the general invasiveness of BCI — implanting electrodes in or on the brain — drastically limits the commercial potential of this tech.
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Nothing could have prepared me for the invasiveness I face about my fertility plans as a married woman in my late 30s.
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Needless to say, Google Home users were pissed at the invasiveness of the marketing stunt, and Google moved quickly to block the phrase.
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Certainly most people know this on some level, but something about the intimate invasiveness of having your selfies picked through strikes a nerve.
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By showing us his words, we have a glimpse of his character, his innocence, and the invasiveness of the government's incessant pursuits and harassment.
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This trade-off between the degree of invasiveness and the fidelity of brain signals is a big problem in the search for improved BCIs.
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Plants at nurseries or gardening centers aren't labeled as allergenic, and they usually don't include mention of toxicity, invasiveness or other hazards either, he added.
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Much of Silicon Valley's wealth has been built on data-driven advertising platforms, and yet, there remain constant concerns about the invasiveness of those platforms.
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No longer was it Apple's "most personal device ever" — a phrase that suggests invasiveness — but a tool to keep you active and in the moment.
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The ACLU has long lobbied against the use of polygraphs in court and in employee screening, due to its inherent invasiveness and issues with accuracy.
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Of course, there are people who are less concerned about this sort of thing and just enjoy using the device regardless of its potential invasiveness.
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Other biomarkers like blood and urine analysis can deliver highly accurate results, but they aren't the most consumer-friendly when it comes to severe invasiveness.
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It's often used in live patients but, because minimizing invasiveness does not matter the same in dead people, doctors tend to use other methods post-mortem.
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We also are exposed to attempts at individual persuasion tailored just for us, with a power, invasiveness and capacity that did not exist in the past.
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The precedents of once-rare, now-routine procedures such as laser eye and cosmetic surgery suggest that invasiveness alone need not stop brain implants from catching on.
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Pellegrino, then 57, objected to the invasiveness of the screening, but conditions deteriorated and she was eventually jailed for about 18 hours and criminally charged, the papers show.
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This new system from He and his team promises to reduce the invasiveness of this sort of robotic control and let anyone control robot arms with their minds.
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There are multiple kinds of brow lifts with varying levels of invasiveness, but the newest and most popular kind requires no anesthesia, nor does it leave a scar.
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Riverdale co-stars Lili Reinhart and Cole Sprouse have both had their Twitter accounts hacked recently — the internet's invasiveness, especially when it comes to these two, knows no bounds.
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In other works, such as the photo series "Drive Thru Pharmacy" (2008) or the drawing "Containers" (2016), the viewer experiences the invasiveness of the pharmacological in our culture throughout history.
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An investigation by The Indian Express newspaper revealed the invasiveness of the Modi app: it asked permission from its users to access their photographs, contacts, location data, cameras and microphones.
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It's a compromise between the invasiveness of letting a driver into your home and the risk of leaving a package vulnerable to the elements, not to mention passing porch pirates.
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Pellegrino objected to the invasiveness of the screening, and was eventually jailed for about 18 hours and criminally charged with assault, making terroristic threats and other crimes, which she denied.
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WM: So, the two of them come with their — JW: Like, hypersexualized libido and like invasiveness and they've disrupted this idyllic environment that JLaw has like tried to create for them.
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For those who've developed permanent damage, modern hearing aids vary widely in complexity and invasiveness to counter hearing loss of varying severity and to respond to damage in different parts of the ear.
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Obtaining riders’ and juicers’ consent for a limited purpose, but significantly expanding its invasiveness on their user accounts without their knowledge in an attempt to get around Lime’s cybersecurity measures.
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Somewhere in the Venn diagram between prank culture's emphasis on public invasiveness and edgy risk-taking, and Paul's love of personal real-time footage and drive to produce content quickly, the Aokigahara video was born.
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Over the course of the past few years, international travel has taken on an extra level of invasiveness as U.S. officials demand travelers unlock phones or hand over social media passwords in order to enter the country.
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It's about Marcia Clark, yes, but it's also about the invasiveness and scrutiny that women continue to face every day—and the show made sure that we keep talking about those topics throughout its run and after it ended.
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But we gain virtually none of the benefits of that fame, none of the glamor or the institutional support to help deal with the invasiveness of celebrity and how it can eat away at every boundary you ever took for granted.
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Like any corresponding image from the era of Jim Crow, they present hard-to-stomach dichotomies that remind us of the state's sheer invasiveness under a regime of white supremacy—its power to control the body; its power to marginalize through inescapable humiliation.
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Despite much to be wary of about Facebook — its ubiquity, its invasiveness, its capacity to alter much about the national mood — it has also become a critical tool for visibility and equality, and may be one reason that mainstream attitudes toward transgender people are shifting so rapidly.
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It's more than just a matter of privacy, really, but of general invasiveness (which is a bit different) and the really glaring, obvious problem of monitoring programmer stress as they program itself sounding like the most stressful scenario ever—like a coding interview that never ends where you also happen to be naked.
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It also created a hierarchy of species' invasiveness according to their ability to spread, their establishment, and their impact on biodiversity (UNIBIO, s.a.). Subsequent date produced by the network UNIBIO (s.a.) listed 226 invasive species across Mexico, of which 2% have a degree of "extreme invasiveness", 46% "high invasiveness", and 15% "moderate invasiveness". Combining these three categories, there are a total of 184 species identified as invasive plants.
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Hyperacetylation also occurs with Hsp90A which leading to its secretion and increased cancer invasiveness.
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Placental invasiveness mediates the evolution of hybrid inviability in mammals. Am. Nat. 168:114-120.
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Of the thirteen other invasiveness characteristics studied, only three were significantly (positively or negatively) associated with invasiveness. Likewise, only two of the other six invasibility characteristics were shown to be significant. The communities that experienced more disturbances and resource availability achieved higher establishment and abundance of invaders.
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There is also some research suggesting that α5β1 integrin may participate in the local invasiveness of ameloblastomas.
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MTA2 is overexpressed in human cancer and its dysregulated level correlates well with cancer invasiveness and aggressive phenotypes.
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Although in North America it is a native plant, the cup plant has been declared invasive in several States in the US . Therefore, its invasiveness is in active discussion, especially when considering it as a potential biofuel crop. To establish potential invasiveness, there is the Weed Risk Assessment (WRA), which can be modified for the local environment and be used to evaluate the potential invasiveness of species proposed as biofuels and to evaluate whether the traits selected for in biofuel species might predispose them to be invasive. There is the Australian- and the US-WRA.
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Elevated NRP1 expression is also correlated with the invasiveness of non-small cell lung cancer both in vitro and in vivo.
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The ability of C. stagnalis to reproduce via clonal spread aids in this species invasiveness and subsequent threat to native vegetation.
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Fox, Alison. Sato, Tomatsu. Nagamatsu, Dai. "Cultivar selection prior to introduction may increase invasiveness: evidence from Ardisia crenata", "Biological Invasions", 2006.
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One particular study conducted by Robert I. Colautti et al. (2006), proposes that propagule pressure should act as a null model for studies that consider/compare processes of invasions to patterns of invasions. This study was a meta-analysis studying the characteristics of invasiveness and invasibility. The group researched the impact of thirteen invasiveness characteristics, and seven invasibility characteristics.
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One must be careful not to get this confused with invasiveness, which relates to the species itself and its ability to invade an ecosystem.Alpert, P., Bone, E., & Holzapfel, C. (2000). Invasiveness, invasibility and the role of environmental stress in the spread of non-native plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 3(1), 52-66.
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He seeks to persuade the queen not merely to emulate the Amazons' vigilant territoriality but to overgo them by emulating the Spaniards' rampant invasiveness.
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Human chorionic gonadotropin is an autocrine growth factor for the blastocyst. Insulin-like growth factor 2, on the other hand, stimulates the invasiveness of it.
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Beetles are the primary insects that pollinate the flowers, especially those in the subfamilies Rutelinae and Dynastiniae. Syngonium podophyllum predominantly reproduces vegetatively, contributing to its invasiveness.
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In squamous cell carcinomas, PDPN is believed to play a key role in the cancer cell invasiveness by controlling invadopodia, and thus mediating efficient ECM degradation.
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There is concern with these developments, particularly because the pesticide producing trait may impart a positive selective advantage on the poplar, allowing it a high level of invasiveness.
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Of the invasiveness characteristics studied, most did not significantly correlate to establishment, spread, abundance or impact of nonindigenous species. Propagule pressure, however, was shown to be a key contributor to both invasiveness and invasibility. This study found there was a positive association between establishment and propagule pressure. In regards to predicting invasions, it was found that propagule pressure was significantly associated with invasion successes and of the inclination of a habitat to be invaded.
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The induced SCF and CCL5 expression promotes a self-renewing mammary epithelial population. It suggests that c-jun mediates the expansion of breast cancer stem cells to enhance tumor invasiveness.
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Is hybridization a necessary condition for the evolution of invasiveness in non-native Siberian elm? Abstracts. Third International Elm Conference 2013. The elm after 100 years of Dutch elm disease. Florence, p45.
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Is hybridization a necessary condition for the evolution of invasiveness in non-native Siberian elm? Abstracts. Third International Elm Conference 2013. The elm after 100 years of Dutch elm disease. Florence, p.45.
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Despite the greater invasiveness, they may prefer the option of a device that can contribute to blood pressure control. Electrical stimulation of the carotid baroreceptor region is one such option to lower blood pressure.
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Surgical methods such as deep brain stimulation are used less frequently due to the invasiveness of the procedures. Stimulation techniques include sensory stimulation, sensory regulation, music and musicokinetic therapy, social- tactile interaction, and cortical stimulation.
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The BIPSS has a sensitivity and specificity of 94% for Cushing's disease but it is usually used as a last resort due to its invasiveness, rare but serious complications, and the expertise required to perform it.
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Many methods are used in Advanced airway management. Examples in increasing order of invasiveness include the use of supraglottic devices such as oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airways, infraglottic techniques such as tracheal intubation and finally surgical methods.
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A major surgery called a pleuropneumonectomy can be the only available option, but only if the patient has been worked up before the surgery. Pleuropneumonectomy is a major surgery with a very high mortality and high invasiveness.
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Another reason appears to be a lessening of the virulence or invasiveness of Streptococcus pyogenes. This organism is also the cause of scarlet fever, which over the same period has also declined markedly in severity and incidence.
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In some parts of the world, A. mearnsii is considered to be an invasive species. Its invasiveness is due to its production of large numbers of seeds each year and to its large crown that shades other species.
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Additionally, it has been shown to interact with RhoGDI1 to alter the activation of Rho GTPases to promote Glioblastoma cell invasiveness. Uncoupling the αvβ8-RhoGDI1 interaction has been seen to block GBM cell invasion by hyperactivating Rho GTPases.
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Most research results show that c-jun contributes to tumor initiation and increased invasiveness. However, a few studies discovered some alternative activities of c-jun, suggesting that c-jun may actually be a double-edge sword in cancer.
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The species is widely cultivated as a fairly drought-hardy, non-xerophytic ornamental in the warm zones of the United States and Mexico where it has escaped cultivation and naturalised in some locations, but without any significant tendency towards invasiveness.
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The Sereny test is a test used to test the invasiveness of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, Shigella species, and Listeria monocytogenes. It is done by inoculating suspension of bacteria into guinea pig's eye. Severe mucopurulent conjunctivitis and severe keratitis indicates a positive test.
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A possible way to reduce both the invasiveness and health concern that they pose is to implement a biocontrol through parasitic water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidae). The mites have been shown to reduce fecundity and thus may represent a way to reduce mosquito populations.
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Transgenic plants such as corn and soybean have replaced wild strains in agriculture in some countries (e.g. the United States). Transgene escape has been documented for GMO crops since 2001 with persistence and invasiveness. Transgenetic organisms pose ethical questions and may cause biosafety problems.
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Another factor contributing to antifungal resistance is the presence of a set of genes known to be involved in biofilm formation. More studies are needed to determine whether the phylogenetic divergence of C.auris clones exhibits region-specific patterns of invasiveness, virulence, and/or drug resistance.
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For instance, primary pancreatic cancer show higher sulfated HSPGs indicating a lack of Sulf1, but upon metastasis sulfation of HSPGs is reduced. Corroborating patient data were mouse tumor in vivo studies of Sulf1 overexpressing Panc-1 cells showing decreased growth, but increased local invasiveness.
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Ampelopsis glandulosa var. brevipedunculata has distinctive medium blue fruit, and is an ornamental plant used in gardens. Porcelain berry is still widely cultivated despite knowledge of its invasiveness. That being said, if not properly managed it will become dominant on, and kill, many smaller trees.
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Prosopis species cause land erosion due to loss of grassland that are habitats for native plants and animals. Prosopis thickets also provide shelter for feral animals such as pigs and cats. For more information on invasiveness of mesquite species, see Prosopis glandulosa and Prosopis juliflora.
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Cathepsin D (an aspartyl protease) appears to cleave a variety of substrates such as fibronectin and laminin. Unlike some of the other cathepsins, cathepsin D has some protease activity at neutral pH. High levels of this enzyme in tumor cells seems to be associated with greater invasiveness.
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Can Invasiveness of Native Cyprinids Be Predicted From Life History Traits? A Comparison Between a Native Invader and a Regionally Endemic Cyprinid and Status of an Introgresses Guadalupe Bass Population in a Central Texas Stream. Master of Science Thesis, Texas State University-San Marcos.61 pp.
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This protein was found to interact with S100A4, a calcium-binding protein related to tumor invasiveness and metastasis. In vitro experiment demonstrated that the interaction inhibited the phosphorylation of this protein by protein kinase C and protein kinase CK2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
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It is regarded as one of the worst weeds in Australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts.Weeds of National Significance Department of the Environment and Heritage and the CRC for Australian Weed Management, 2003 In cultivation, the plants require a hot climate.
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Many different procedures of rhytidectomy exist. The differences are mostly the type of incision, the invasiveness and the area of the face that is treated. Each surgeon practices multiple different types of facelift surgery. At a consultation the procedure with the best outcome is chosen for every patient.
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MACC1 is a key regulator of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-HGF receptor (HGFR) pathway, which is involved in cellular growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, cell motility, invasiveness, and metastasis. Expression of MACC1 in colon cancer specimens is an independent prognostic indicator for metastasis formation and metastasis- free survival.
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Early and precise diagnosis of cardiac fibroma can lead to healing and avoidance of surgery. Echocardiography is the preferred initial method of diagnosis for cardiac fibroma. This is due to the exams non-invasiveness, reduced cost and extensive availability. Echocardiography depicts the morphologic appearance, region and motion of the tumor.
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Internalins are surface proteins found on Listeria monocytogenes. They exist in two known forms, InlA and InlB. They are used by the bacteria to invade mammalian cells via cadherins transmembrane proteins and Met receptors respectively. The exact role of these proteins and their invasiveness in vivo is not completely understood.
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Accessed May 28, 2010. However, it is possible to reduce the likelihood of escape or hybridization with extant wild M. sinensis populations with breeding and proper management.Quinn LD, Allen DJ, Stewart JR (2010) Invasiveness potential of Miscanthus sinensis: implications for bioenergy production in the United States. Global Change Biology Bioenergy.
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This promotes the expression of vimentin and CDH2. These proteins are associated with a mesenchymal phenotype, characterized by increased motility and invasiveness. In cancer cells, increased expression of MUC1 promotes cancer cell invasion through beta-catenin, resulting in the initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition which promotes the formation of metastases.
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HRPAP20 was found to be significantly elevated in patient breast tumors as compared to normal tissue. Further analysis using tumor cell lines with constitutively expressed HRPAP20 suggests that it increases the invasiveness, proliferation, and apoptotic suppression of breast cancer cells. This is often indicative of tumor metastasis and malignant progression.
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Its role as a master regulator of morphogenesis during human development makes it an ideal candidate for perturbation in malignant tissues. Specifically, Sox9 appears to induce invasiveness and therapy-resistance in prostate, colorectal, breast and other cancers, and therefore promotes lethal metastasis. Many of these oncogenic effects of Sox9 appear dose dependent.
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WISP-2 (CCN5) inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, human uterine myometrial cells, and leiomyoma cells. Ectopic expression of WISP-2 also inhibits the motility and invasiveness of breast carcinoma cells. WISP-2 also inhibits cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, an effect that appears linked to the absence of the CT domain.
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The unigenes have been used to develop cDNA microarrays that also include more than 4,000 additional cDNAs from cassava (another Euphorb related to leafy spurge). These microarrays are being used to identify physiological processes and signals that regulate bud dormancy (one of the main reasons leafy spurge is difficult to control) and invasiveness.
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Kali tragus has acquired a bad reputation for its spininess, its woodiness when mature, and its general ecological competitiveness, augmented by its tumbleweed nature, which enables it to spread rapidly over open ground. During the past century or more, the majority of the publications that dealt with the topic have discussed its pernicious nature, the increasing threats that the species poses, and how to combat its invasiveness; they largely have ignored its other attributes. However, even early publications did concede that the plant is of value as a forage in severely arid conditions where few other forage species are viable. As for its harmful competitiveness, most authors emphasised its invasiveness, though some did mention its value in regenerating overgrazed or otherwise abused land.
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Invadopodia are generally visualized by the holes they create in ECM (fibronectin, collagen etc.)-coated plates, in combination with immunohistochemistry for the invadopodia localizing proteins such as cortactin, actin, Tks5 etc. Invadopodia can also be used as a marker to quantify the invasiveness of cancer cell lines in vitro using a hyaluronic acid hydrogel assay.
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Organ pipes were often used in early hearing experiments. Due to the invasiveness of most hearing related experiments, it is difficult to use human models in the study of the auditory system. However, many findings have been revealed in cats and guinea pigs. Additionally, there are few ways to study the basilar membrane in vivo.
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Besides, EGFR functions in motility and invasiveness by inducing Twist expression, and thus promoting EMT. It has been reported that EMT in tumors may be accompanied by an increase in neovascularization, which may accelerate the occurrence of hematogenous metastasis in cancer cells. In short, EMT played a crucial role in the transfer of BLBC.
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The Sonic hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways are also suspected to be up-regulated in epithelioid sarcoma. These cell signaling pathways control cellular proliferation and differentiation. They are also involved in cancer stem cell coordination and disease invasiveness and metastasis. Hhat inhibitors (such as RU-SKI 43) block the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway by inhibiting hedgehog palmitoyl acytl-transferase.
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These non-binding recommendations describe the way in which FDA regulates all GM animals, including GloFish. Research published in 2014 assessed the environmental safety associated with GloFish. One paper concluded that there is little risk of invasiveness into the environment. A second study concluded that there is no difference in risk between GloFish and wild-type danios.
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The reactive species produced in oxidative stress can cause direct damage to the DNA and are therefore mutagenic, and it may also suppress apoptosis and promote proliferation, invasiveness and metastasis. Infection by Helicobacter pylori which increases the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in human stomach is also thought to be important in the development of gastric cancer.
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Renzo Pecco Renzo Pecco ( 17 September 1900 – 11 August 1975) was an Italian surgeon and professor. He was the head of the surgical ward of Sant'Anna's hospital in Como for three decades. He was also a professor at the University of Turin. Pecco's cholecystectomy, was known at the time for its minimal invasiveness and good outcomes.
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PGK is the only enzyme in the immediate glycolytic pathway encoded by an X-linked gene. In the case of hemolytic anemia, PGK deficiency occurs in the erythrocytes. Currently, no definitive treatment exists for PGK deficiency. PGK1 overexpression has been associated with gastric cancer and has been found to increase the invasiveness of gastric cancer cells in vitro.
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Supporters of surveillance systems believe that these tools can help protect society from terrorists and criminals. They argue that surveillance can reduce crime by three means: by deterrence, by observation, and by reconstruction. Surveillance can deter by increasing the chance of being caught, and by revealing the modus operandi. This requires a minimal level of invasiveness.
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SiNW sensors are nanowires that contain specific receptors on their surface that when bound to their respective antigens will cause changes in conductivity. These sensors have the ability to be inserted into cells with minimal invasiveness making them in some ways preferable to traditional biosensors like fluorescent dyes, as well as other nanoparticles which require target labelling.
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Sarcosine was reported to activate prostate cancer cells and to indicate the malignancy of prostate cancer cells when measured in urine. Sarcosine was identified as a differential metabolite that was greatly increased during prostate cancer progression to metastasis and could be detected in urine. Sarcosine levels seemed to control the invasiveness of the cancer. This conclusion has been disputed.
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A microscope picture of a cell's invadopodium. Courtesy M.C. Farach-Carson. Invadopodia are actin-rich protrusions of the plasma membrane that are associated with degradation of the extracellular matrix in cancer invasiveness and metastasis. Very similar to podosomes, invadopodia are found in invasive cancer cells and are important for their ability to invade through the extracellular matrix, especially in cancer cell extravasation.
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Appearance and location of the tumor is enough to identify it as a mammary tumor. Biopsy will give type and invasiveness of the tumor. In addition, newer studies showed that certain gene expression patterns are associated with malignant behaviour of canine mammary tumors. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice, but chest x-rays should be taken first to rule out metastasis.
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Kudzu is highly responsive to increased CO2 levels as it results in maximal leaf expansion, increase in leaf size, and an overall 12% increase in leaf production. In turn, the plant has higher turgor pressure which results in the improvements in its growth potential. As the atmospheric CO2 concentration continues to rise, it is possible for the potential enhancement of P. montana’s invasiveness.
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Adults have a carapace wide, and legs with yellow rings at the joints. Each of the five pairs of walking legs has a row of spines along the leading edge. Females carrying eggs have been caught off West Africa between February and April and August; the larvae which hatch from them are planktonic and long-lived, which may contribute to the species' invasiveness.
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LAM cells appear to arise from an extrapulmonary source and migrate to the lung. Increased LAM cell migration and invasiveness is rescued by TSC2 re-expression. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of neoplastic transformation and lung parenchymal destruction by LAM cells remain unknown. Lung remodeling may be mediated by an imbalance between matrix degrading metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors TIMPs.
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Akt is associated with tumor cell survival, proliferation, and invasiveness. The activation of Akt is also one of the most frequent alterations observed in human cancer and tumor cells. Tumor cells that have constantly active Akt may depend on Akt for survival. Therefore, understanding Akt and its pathways is important for the creation of better therapies to treat cancer and tumor cells.
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Osteopontin and variant CD44 interact, and this is essential for metastasis by several types of cancer. 2\. Multiple osteopontin splice variants are present in malignant, but not in benign human breast tumor cells. 3\. Metastasis genes support anchorage-independence in an autocrine fashion. 4\. In cancer cells, distinct signal transduction pathways to growth and invasiveness are activated by oncogenes. 5\.
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It is assumed that YKL-40 plays a role in cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasiveness and in the regulation of cell-matrix interactions. It is suggested that YKL-40 is a marker associated with a poorer clinical outcome in genetically defined subgroups of different tumors. YKL-40 was recently introduced into (restricted) clinical practice. A few techniques are available for its detection.
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NDUFAF4 (HRPAP20) has been shown to interact closely with NDUFAF3 as well as with NDUFS2, NDUFS3, NDUFS8, and NDUFA5 in the mitochondrial inner membrane. HRPAP20 also interacts with calmodulin (CaM) in a mechanism that results in increased MMP-9 secretion, associated with increased invasiveness in breast cancer cells. In addition to co-complexes, NDUFAF4 has protein-protein interactions with WDR26.
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Mutations of the gene are linked to posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy 3. ZEB1 downregulates E-cadherin and induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in breast and other carcinomas. A recent study suggested its contributing role in lung cancer invasiveness and metastasis development.. ZEB1 contributes to bone-specific metastasis of breast carcinomas by inactivating BMP signaling through the induction of the expression of BMP-inhibitors.
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was born, and since the 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate the brain mapping field due to its low invasiveness, lack of radiation exposure, and relatively wide availability. In the early 2000s, the field of neuroimaging reached the stage where limited practical applications of functional brain imaging have become feasible. The main application area is crude forms of brain-computer interface.
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Both pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown a correlation between BCSCs and metastasis. For example, it has been shown that CD44+/CD24- tumor cells in the breast primary tumors associated with the presence of distance metastases. In addition, in vitro assays validated that these cells displayed increased motility and invasiveness. Furthermore, there have been indications of the link between chemoresistance of CSCs and metastasis.
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Parkinsonia aculeata is ranked as the worst weed in Australia. Weeds of National Significance (WoNS) is a list of the most problematic plant species in Australia as determined by the federal government. Initially a list of 20 taxa were listed and given a rank based on invasiveness, impacts, potential for spread, and socioeconomic and environmental values. An expanded list of 32 taxa was released in April 2012.
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Cathepsin K is expressed in a significant fraction of human breast cancers, where it could contribute to tumor invasiveness. Mutations in this gene are the cause of pycnodysostosis, an autosomal recessive disease characterized by osteosclerosis and short stature. Cathepsin K has also been found to be over- expressed in glioblastoma. That the expression of cathepsin K is characteristic for some cancers and not others has been documented.
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After surgery the fish returns to natural conditions. Over the years the company has managed to reduce the invasiveness of the procedure and reduce the mortality of fish to 1-2%. This procedure can be repeated every 2 years and keeps the broodstock alive. During the first milking, the caviar volume is about 10% of the body weight of the fish, with age it reaches 20%.
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Alpha- toxin has been shown to play a role in pathogenesis of disease, as hly knockout strains show reductions in invasiveness and virulence. The dosage of toxin can result in two different modes of activity. Low concentrations of toxin bind to specific, but unidentified, cell surface receptors and form the heptameric pores. This pore allows the exchange of monovalent ions, resulting in DNA fragmentation and eventually apoptosis.
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Small cysts as well as asymptomatic larger cysts are better left alone and carefully observed. However, treatment can be considered if the cysts are causing discomfort/pain, enlarging in size, or per patient request. There are a few different treatment options, ranging in levels of invasiveness. Certain drugs can be taken by mouth to decrease spermatocele-related symptoms such as pain and/or swelling.
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The procedure has low level of invasiveness, as all incisions are relatively small. A pulse generator is implanted in a subcutaneous pocket in the upper, outer quadrant of the buttock or even the lower abdomen. The generator is attached to a thin lead wire with a small electrode tip which is anchored near the sacral nerve. The most common postoperative complaints are pain and lead migration.
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In T-cadherin deficient C6 glioma cell lines, its overexpression results in growth suppression involving p21CIP1/WAF1 production and G2 arrest. T-cadherin loss in tumor cells is associated with tumor malignancy, invasiveness and metastasis. Thus, tumor progression in basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer correlates with downregulation of T-cadherin expression.
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Urinary exosomes may be useful as treatment response markers in prostate cancer. Exosomes secreted from tumour cells can deliver signals to surrounding cells and have been shown to regulate myofibroblast differentiation. In melanoma, tumor-derived vesicles can enter lymphatics and interact with subcapsular sinus macrophages and B cells in lymph nodes. A recent investigation showed that exosome release positively correlates with the invasiveness of ovarian cancer.
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Tumor infiltrating neutrophils have recently been thought to adjust tumor growth and invasiveness. Neutrophil elastase is shown to degrade IRS-1 by gaining access to endosomal compartment of carcinoma cell. IRS-1 degradation induces cell proliferation in mouse and human adenocarcinomas. Ablation of IRS-1 alters downstream signalling through phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), causing an increased interaction of it with platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR).
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27th, 2011 In 2012 it was included into Volume One, Where on Earth, of the two-volume collection The Unreal and Real of the author's works. In the opinion of Emily Nordling, a reviewer for tor.com, the story was included into the "Real" part of the collection despite the "hardcore" science fiction elements because it truly portrays the possible invasiveness of psychiatry regardless instruments used.
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These data suggests drugs targeting mutant BRAF as potential novel therapies for ameloblastoma. SMO mutations lead to the activation of the hedgehog pathway giving similar results as V600E but is less frequently seen. 55% of SMO mutations are found in the maxilla. Evidence shows that suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 may inhibit the local invasiveness of ameloblastoma, however, this was only demonstrated in vitro.
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Atlas Florae Europaeae: Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), p. 78. . It has become naturalized along the Pacific coast of North America, "County-Level Distribution of Salsola soda," from SMASCH (Specimen Management for California Herbaria) database (The University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley). Entry retrieved 13 December 2006. and there is concern about its invasiveness in California's salt marshes.
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Principle: Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) works on the natural phenomenon of tissues to thermalelastically expand when stimulated with externally applied electromagnetic waves, such as short laser pulses. This causes ultrasound waves to be emitted from these tissues, which can then be captured by an ultrasound transducer. The thermoelastic expansion and the resulting ultrasound wave is dependent on the wavelength of light used. PAT allows for complete non-invasiveness when imaging the animal.
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The healing of CCW can be inhibited through the destruction of some matrix proteins, such as DPT and low levels of DTP expression slows the rate of healing. DPT is also a biomarker for OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) as well. It was shown that OSCC cells had a suppressed response to DPT. DPT expression had an inverse relationship with cellular adhesion, and a direct relationship with its invasiveness.
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The following year, he received a fellowship in neurosurgery from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. From 1981 to 2000, as director of the Brain Research Laboratories at the University of Western Ontario, his main work and research focussed on brain tumours, tumour invasiveness and angiogenesis. In 1991, he was appointed professor of neurosurgery. He moved to the Montreal Neurological Hospital at McGill University Health Centre in 2000.
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She has been faculty at Stanford Department of Electrical Engineering since 2008. Dr. Poon's research is in integrated biomedical systems. Her research is focused on discovering ways to extremely miniaturize electronic devices such pacemaker, neuromodulators, and artificial pancreas so that they can be seamlessly implanted into patients with minimal invasiveness to provide targeted therapy for individuals. As of July 2019, Ada Poon has been granted approximately 11 patents.
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Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced surgical procedure using endoscopy to remove gastrointestinal tumors that have not entered the muscle layer. ESD may be done in the esophagus, stomach or colon. Application of endoscopic resection (ER) to gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms is limited to lesions with no risk of nodal metastasis. Either polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is beneficial for patients because of its low level of invasiveness.
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Many species have escaped from cultivation and become invasive weeds where climatic conditions are suitable for them, such as the many Chinese species naturalised in northwestern Europe. C. glaucophyllus has become an invasive weed in AustraliaWeeds Australia – Weed Identification – Cotoneaster and California.Cal-IPC: Invasive Plants of California's Wildlands. C. simonsii is listed on the New Zealand National Pest Plant Accord preventing its sale and distribution because of its invasiveness.
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Functions of MTA3 are believed to be differentially regulated in the context of cancer-types. For example, MTA3 expression is downregulated in breast cancer and endometrioid adenocarcinomas. MTA3 is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer and human placenta and chorionic carcinoma cells. In breast cancer, loss of MTA3 promotes EMT and invasiveness of breast cancer cells via upregulating Snail, which in turn represses E-cadherin adhesion molecule.
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The slightly higher effectiveness (implant survival) of the lateral sinus lift technique needs to be considered in relation to the substantially higher costs in comparison with the transalveolar sinus lift technique. From a patient perspective the higher invasiveness of the lateral technique will also be an important decision criterion. However, the transalveolar approach is unlikely to be effective in cases of advanced levels of bone reduction at the implant site.
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Several issues help define appropriate treatment of a neuroendocrine tumor, including its location, invasiveness, hormone secretion, and metastasis. Treatments may be aimed at curing the disease or at relieving symptoms (palliation). Observation may be feasible for non-functioning low grade neuroendocrine tumors. If the tumor is locally advanced or has metastasized, but is nonetheless slowly growing, treatment that relieves symptoms may often be preferred over immediate challenging surgeries.
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Higher tTG expression also correlates with higher instances of metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, lower survival rates and generally poor prognosis. Cancer cells can be killed by increasing calcium levels through the activation of tTG transamidation activity. Preclinical trials have showed promise in using tTG inhibitors as anti-cancer therapeutic agents. However, other studies have noted that tTG transamidation activity could be linked to the inhibition of tumor cell invasiveness.
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Due to its cytoprotective effects, overexpression of SOD2 has been linked to increased invasiveness of tumor metastasis. Its role in controlling ROS levels also involves it in ageing, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. Mutations in this gene have been associated with idiopathic cardiomyopathy (IDC), sporadic motor neuron disease, and cancer. A common polymorphism associated with greater susceptibility to various pathologies is found in the mitochondrial leader targeting sequence (Val9Ala).
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Multiple roles and targets of miR-7 as well as its expression pattern were linked to regulatory mechanisms and pathogenesis in glioblastoma, breast cancer and other types of cancers, as well as in schizophrenia and visual abnormalities. Inhibition of the motility, invasiveness, anchorage- independent growth, and tumorigenic potential of highly invasive breast cancer cells through the introduction of miR-7 suggests a strong therapeutic potential of miR-7.
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MRI scans of a patient with astrocytoma, showing the tumor's progression between the incidental finding in 2007 and the onset of phenotypical changes in 2014. Tumor progression is the third and last phase in tumor development. This phase is characterised by increased growth speed and invasiveness of the tumor cells. As a result of the progression, phenotypical changes occur and the tumor becomes more aggressive and acquires greater malignant potential.
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Issues with data protection is concern as more administrative data is becoming open data. Statistics Canada seeks to reduce privacy invasiveness of personal identifiers by having them removed for the linked file. The personal information, such as name, health number, or Social Insurance Number is then stored separately. However, access to linked files with personal identifiers is allowed in cases with authorization and have security, such as encryption, applied.
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This marks the modern clinical pathological diagnosis of breast cancer has transferred from simple morphological diagnosis into morphological and molecular features combined diagnosis. Genotyping fundamentally changes the concept of breast cancer and provides breast cancer patients with more improved prognosis and treatment. In all molecular subtypes, basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is still the biggest challenge in current research due to its strong invasiveness and molecular biological characteristics.
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Between 2002 and 2011 the High Representative also served as the European Union Special Representative to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Under Christian Schwarz-Schilling, the OHR seemed to soften its invasiveness, thanks to pressures from the Council of Europe and a growing EU involvement. The number of OHR legislative initiatives and of dismissed officials lowered. On 27 February 2008, the PIC decided to end the High Representative's mandate on 30 June 2008.
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The sum of these changes results in the endometrium changing into a structure called the decidua. In humans, the decidua is shed during the third phase of birth. Decidualization plays an important role in promoting placenta formation between a mother and her fetus by mediating the invasiveness of trophoblast cells. It also triggers the production of cellular and molecular factors that result in structural changes, or remodeling, of maternal spiral arteries.
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Budding is a major factor underlying the invasiveness of pharaoh ants. A single seed colony can populate a large office block, almost to the exclusion of all other insect pests, in less than six months. Elimination and control are difficult because multiple colonies can consolidate into smaller colonies during extermination programs only to repopulate later. Pharaoh ants have become a serious pest in almost every type of building.
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Invadopodia have also been shown to correlate with a poorer prognosis in breast cancer patients. Tks5, a protein specific for invadopodia, has been implicated in cancer invasiveness. Increased levels of tks5 have been detected in prostate cancer and overexpression of Tks5 was sufficient to induce invadopodia formation and degradation of the extracellular matrix in an Src-dependent manner. Increased Tks5 expression has been shown to correlate with poor patient prognosis in gliomas.
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Most species have a restricted range within New Zealand. They colonise disturbed ground in shallow, poor soils, drought- and frost-prone areas, and alluvial soils. The New Zealand brooms are not closely related to the European common broom Cytisus scoparius. Common broom has been introduced to New Zealand, where it is sometimes known as Scotch broom to distinguish it from native species and is classed as a noxious weed because of its invasiveness.
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This gene is expressed predominantly in brain and may play a role in the nervous system. Role in breast cancer The HS3ST2 promoter is hypermethylated in breast cancer tissue compared to normal breast ducts, suggesting a potential involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease. Functional analysis revealed that upregulation of HS3ST2 in human breast cancer cells resulted in altered invasiveness, which was due to changes in Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and matrix metalloproteinase expression.
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Punicafolin is an ellagitannin from the leaves of Punica granatum (pomegranate) and in Phyllanthus emblica. Punicafolin is an isomer of tellimagrandin II and nupharin A, but the hexahydroxydiphenoyl group is not attached to the same hydroxyl groups in the glucose molecule. Punicafolin has been shown to have tumor suppressive effects in dogs.Tanimura S et al (2005) Suppression of tumor cell invasiveness by hydrolyzable tannins (plant polyphenols) via the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 activity.
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In their native range, these flowers are pollinated by long-tongued bees and they can reproduce both sexually and clonally. The invasiveness of the hyacinth is related to its ability to clone itself and large patches are likely to all be part of the same genetic form. Water hyacinth has three flower morphs and is termed "tristylous". The flower morphs are named for the length of their pistil: long, medium and short.
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Popular garden cultivars include 'Royal Red' (reddish- purple flowers), 'Black Knight' (very dark purple), 'Sungold' (golden yellow), and 'Pink Delight' (pure pink). In recent years, much breeding work has been undertaken to create small, more compact buddlejas, such as 'Blue Chip' which reach no more than tall, and which are also seed sterile, an important consideration in the US where B. davidii and its cultivars are banned from many states owing to their invasiveness.
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The plant has been listed on various weed registers since 1996, and is currently declared by the Department of Conservation to be an environmental weed. It is found on public land administered by DOC, including Kapiti Island. A. praecox has been recognised for its invasiveness in the Auckland region since the 1990s. (pamphlet) The former Auckland Regional Council (now subsumed into the Auckland Council) classed it as a surveillance plant pest in 2007.
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Desmoplasia is thought to have a number of underlying causes. In the reactive stroma hypothesis, tumor cells cause the proliferation of fibroblasts and subsequent secretion of collagen. The newly secreted collagen is similar to that of collagen in scar formation – acting as a scaffold for infiltration of cells to the site of injury. Furthermore, the cancer cells secrete matrix degrading enzymes to destroy normal tissue ECM thereby promoting growth and invasiveness of the tumor.
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The presence of occludin decreased cellular invasiveness and motility, enhanced cellular sensitivity to apoptogenic factors and lowered tumorigenesis and metastasis of the cancer cells. Specifically, occludin has a strong inhibitory effect on Raf1-induced tumorigenesis. Still, the exact mechanism of how occludin prevents the progression of cancer is not known but it has been shown that cancer progression is linked to the loss of occludin or the silencing of the OCLN gene.
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In 1977, Andreas Gruentzig performed the first successful percutaneous coronary angioplasty. In this procedure, a catheter attached to a small balloon is inserted into the afflicted artery. The balloon is subsequently expanded, compressing the accumulated plaque to allow increased blood flow. This was a substantial improvement over bypass surgery in terms of invasiveness, but unfortunately restenosis, a recurrence of arterial clogging, occurred in nearly 50% of patients after the balloon was removed.
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The cup plant, S. perfoliatum, has not been assessed yet. However, desirable traits for biofuels tend to overlap with those of invasive species, such as high productivity, low input requirements, and wide habitat breadth (Raghu et al., 2013). S. perfoliatum fits these criteria, but because generatively reproduced seeds have low germination rates, one could hypothesize that the potential invasiveness is relatively small and that the spread of S. perfoliatum can be contained.
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Because of its fast growth and invasiveness, treatment for C. bertholletiae infection can be expected to often require surgery in addition to antifungal treatment. Immediate surgery is especially important in the case of rhinocerebral infection, in order to avoid dissemination into the vasculature of the brain and to avoid permanent optic nerve damage. Surgical debridement is a common treatment. Bacterial superinfection of debrided tissues after treatment can therefore be a significant problem.
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Comparing normal human breast cells to human breast cancer cells with immunohistochemical staining showed that SIM2s was expressed more in the normal than the cancerous. Reintroducing SIM2s expression in breast cancer cells showed a decrease in growth, proliferation, and invasiveness. SIM2s represses the actions of the matrix metalloprotease-3 gene (MMP3) which include cell migration, cancer progression, and epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT). SIM2s also represses the SLUG transcription factor which in turn suppresses EMT.
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Proponents of saliva testing cite its ease of collection, safety, non-invasiveness, affordability, accuracy, and capacity to circumvent venipuncture as the primary advantages when compared to blood testing and other types of diagnostic testing. Additionally, since multiple samples can be readily obtained, saliva testing is particularly useful for performing chronobiological assessments that span hours, days, or weeks. Collecting whole saliva by passive drool has a myriad of advantages. Passive drool collection facilitates large sample size collection.
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Frangula alnus was probably introduced to North America about 200 years ago, and in Canada about 100 years ago. It was planted for hedgerows, forestry plantings, and wildlife habitat, but has become an invasive species, invading forests in the northeastern United States and wetlands and moist forest in the Midwestern United States. It is predicted to continue to expand its North American range with time. Its invasiveness is assisted by its high adaptability and pollution tolerance.
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On the contrary, for women of advanced maternal age, PGP significantly lowers the live birth rate. Technical drawbacks, such as the invasiveness of the biopsy, and chromosomal mosaicism are the major underlying factors for inefficacy of PGP. Normal live births of healthy offspring after transfers of embryos deemed aneuploid by PGP have been reported worldwide. Alternative methods to determine embryo quality for prediction of pregnancy rates include microscopy as well as profiling of RNA and protein expression.
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She is the creator of Cloud4Cancer, a neural network cloud service that seeks to improve effectiveness of fine needle aspirations (a biopsy procedure). Cloud4Cancer is designed to reduce invasiveness, move toward earlier diagnosis, and minimize the cost of breast cancer diagnostics. To date, the service has achieved more than 99 percent accuracy of identifying malignant masses over a series of 7.6 million trials. Wenger has also extended the program with 100 percent success at identifying aggressive leukemia subtypes.
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Cystadenocarcinoma is a malignant form of a cystadenoma and is a cancer derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. Similar tumor histology has also been reported in the pancreas, although it is a considerably rarer entity representing 1 - 1.5% of all Pancreatic cancer.
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Since its discovery, the use of CO monitoring has been restricted to certain kind of patients because of the risk of the classical procedures. Lately, new kinds of methods and devices have been developed. Nowadays, at practice, the method election is determined mainly by the features of the patients and the possibilities of the hospital to accede to this technology. Different CO monitor methods can be characterized by their invasiveness or their ability to measure continuously.
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Oncomatryx Biopharma S. L. is a pharmaceutical biotechnology company that develops personalized treatments against invasive cancer as well as tests for its early detection. Established by Laureano Simón, PhD, Oncomatryx thus engages twofold in the fight against invasive kinds of cancer, such as pancreatic cancer or invasive breast cancer, all of which have high mortality rates. Oncomatryx's research focuses on peritumoral stroma, which has been found to take part in promoting cancer invasiveness and curtailing treatment efficacy.
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Due to minimal invasiveness during the procedure, the time of anesthesia is reduced and good functional results such as swallowing and good voice quality can be obtained. The main objective of the procedure being enlarging the airway, it has become an alternative to tracheotomy, as here the airway is enlarged by making a wedge shaped resection in the posterior vocal cord and retracting the tissue after freeing the vocal ligament and the vocal muscle from the vocal processes.
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Stray kitten in Nablus Certain familiar animals go feral easily and successfully, while others are much less inclined to wander and usually fail promptly outside domestication. Some species will detach readily from humans and pursue their own devices, but do not stray far or spread readily. Others depart and are gone, seeking out new territory or range to exploit and displaying active invasiveness. Whether they leave readily and venture far, the ultimate criterion for success is longevity.
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In molecular apocrine breast cancer (ER-/AR+) there is a positive feedback loop between androgen receptor and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) via CREB1 which can be inhibited by anti-androgens. PIP expression is necessary for viability and invasiveness of this subtype of breast cancer. In ER+ breast cancer, particularly those with very high level of ER expression, PIP appears to play an important role in proliferation and invasion as well as acquired resistance to tamoxifen.
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A culpascope or colposcope is effectively a flexible, free-standing binocular microscope, usually used in a Colposcopy examination. Forensically, it is typically used to examine, analyze, and photograph injuries in the genital region for victims or alleged victims of sexual abuse, sexual assault, or rape. It can facilitate treating victims under the difficult circumstances that surround the collection of concrete evidence of such crimes, by reducing the invasiveness of such procedures compared with other commonly used technology.
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After ovulation, the high levels of progesterone initiate the molecular changes leading to decidualization. The process triggers an influx of decidual leukocytes along with morphological and functional changes of ESCs. The changes in the ESCs result in the endometrium developing a secretory lining that produces a variety of proteins, cytokines, and growth factors. These secreted factors will regulate the invasiveness of trophoblast cells that eventually form the placental connection if an embryo implants into the decidua.
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The E-cadherin–catenin complex plays a key role in cellular adhesion; loss of this function has been associated with increased invasiveness and metastasis of tumors. The suppression of E-cadherin expression is regarded as one of the main molecular events responsible for dysfunction in cell-cell adhesion, which can lead to local invasion and ultimately tumor development. Because of its important role tumor suppression, E-cadherin is also referred to as the "suppressor of invasion".
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Consistent with this belief, the organism has been isolated from the center of a stone removed from a patient with persistent P. penneri bacteriuria. These data substantiate the need for species-level identification of P. penneri in the clinical setting. Several virulence factors of P. penneri can make infections from this invasive pathogen more pronounced, persistent, and harder to eradicate. These include adherence due to the presence of fimbriae or afimbrial adhesins, invasiveness, swarming phenomenon, hemolytic activity, urea hydrolysis, proteolysis, and endotoxicity.
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Solute carrier family 35 member C2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC35C2 gene. Oxygenation levels play an important role in the regulation of cellular invasiveness which occurs during early implantation when the trophoblast cells invade the uterus as well as during tumour progression and metastasis. This gene, which is regulated by oxygen tension, is induced in hypoxic trophoblast cells and is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. Two protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene.
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However, physical sample sectioning may be used to expose the surface of interest, with care taken to obtain a surface that is as flat as possible. The conditions required for a particular measurement dictate the level of invasiveness of the technique, and samples that are sensitive to high power laser radiation may be damaged during analysis. It is relatively insensitive to the presence of water in the sample and is therefore useful for imaging samples that contain water such as biological material.
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Bayha, Keith M. and Graham, William M. "Nonindigenous Marine Jellyfish: Invasiveness, Invasibility, and Impacts," from Jellyfish Blooms, Kylie A. Pitt, Cathy H. Lucas, eds. Springer. 2014. Table 3.1. p.49. While it is not known how it was introduced to these regions, it has been theorized that budding polyps may have attached themselves to ships, or were carried in a ship's ballast tank which was subsequently dumped. As an invasive species, it has become a threat to several species of shrimp.
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Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia (TCD) is a theoretical framework in which neuroscientists try to explain the positive and negative symptoms induced by neuropsychiatric disorders like Parkinson's Disease, neurogenic pain, tinnitus, schizophrenia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, depressive disorder and epilepsy. In TCD, normal thalamocortical resonance is disrupted by changes in the behaviour of neurons in the thalamus. TCD can be treated with neurosurgical methods like the central lateral thalamotomy, which due to its invasiveness is only used on patients that have proven resistant to conventional therapies.
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Because of the invasiveness of these procedures and the high risk they posed to the fetus, they were largely discarded in favor of transvaginal sonography until the 1990s. By that time, smaller instruments had been developed which reduced the risk to the fetus and provided a better visual for the physician. This in turn allowed for the development of techniques for surgical interventions such as biopsy. By 1993, authors such as Cullen, Ghirardini, and Reece had referred to this technique as "fetoscopy".
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Chemical biologists often study the functions of biological macromolecules using fluorescence techniques. The advantage of fluorescence versus other techniques resides in its high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, safe detection, and ability to modulate the fluorescence signal. In recent years, the discovery of green fluorescent protein (GFP) by Roger Y. Tsien and others, hybrid systems and quantum dots have enabled assessing protein location and function more precisely. Three main types of fluorophores are used: small organic dyes, green fluorescent proteins, and quantum dots.
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However, the majority of cases are caused by mutations in nuclear-encoded genes. It causes a wide range of clinical disorders, ranging from lethal neonatal disease to adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Phenotypes include macrocephaly with progressive leukodystrophy, nonspecific encephalopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson disease. NDUFS3 has also been implicated in breast cancer and ductal carcinoma and, thus, may serve as a novel biomarker for tracking cancer progression and invasiveness.
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Advanced airway management is the subset of airway management that involves advanced training, skill, and invasiveness. It encompasses various techniques performed to create an open or patent airway – a clear path between a patient's lungs and the outside world. This is accomplished by clearing or preventing obstructions of airways. Obstructions can be caused by many things, including the patient's own tongue or other anatomical components of the airway, foreign bodies, excessive amounts of blood and body fluids, or aspiration of food particles.
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A restoration would be then placed. Contrarily, when compared with vital pulp, pulp with partial necrosis will not be stimulated as extensively. In the case of partial necrosis, access to and into dentine would be needed, with the dentist progressively invading and drilling deeper into dentine, checking the sensory response—which is usually without sensory response because of the partial necrosis. Due to the invasiveness and possible anxiety that it may generate in patient, the test cavity technique is therefore generally avoided.
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It is administered in the form remifentanil hydrochloride and in adults is given as an intravenous infusion in doses ranging from 0.1 microgram per kilogram per minute to 0.5 (µg/kg)/min. Children may require higher infusion rates (up to 1.0 (µg/kg)/min). The clinically useful infusion rates are 0.025-0.1 (µg/kg)/min for sedation (rates adjusted to age of patient, severity of their illness and invasiveness of surgical procedure). Small amounts of other sedative medications are usually co-administered with remifentanil to produce sedation.
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Furthermore, an absence of ZNF238 results in upregulation of the epithelial- mesenchymal transition process. In tumors such as medulloblastomas, the loss of ZNF238 can disorganize the tumor's cellular divisional processes, resulting in a cellularly diverse neoplasm. This new diversity has been observed to increase the invasiveness of the tumor, yielding proliferation into more areas of the brain than before the loss of ZNF238. C2H2-type zinc finger proteins, such as ZNF238, act on the molecular level as transcriptional activators or repressors and are involved in chromatin assembly.
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C. europaea was introduced to North America, where it is considered to be an invasive species in Maine. described the weed as 'serious' in Afghanistan and Poland while it was 'principal' in Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. P. Wolswinkel, during the same year, also took note on its invasiveness, as the species was feeding on faba bean. In 1983, Wolswinkel and Ammerlaan had seen another damage that was caused by this plant, after finding dry matter and ash in the nettle and Aegopodium podagraria species.
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Once this confirmatory biopsy is done, a second complete excisional skin biopsy can be performed with a narrow surgical margin (1 mm). This second biopsy will determine the depth and invasiveness of the melanoma, and will help to define what the final treatment will be. If the melanoma involves the nail fold and the nail bed, complete excision of the nail unit might be required. Final treatment might require wider excision (margins of 0.5 cm or more), digital amputation, lymphangiogram with lymph node dissection, or chemotherapy.
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Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty later showed that the transforming factor was deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. Serum therapy for infectious diseases was displaced by antibiotics in the 1940s, but identification of specific serotypes remained important as the understanding of the epidemiology of pneumococcal infections still required their identification to determine where different serotypes spread, as well as the variable invasiveness of different serotypes. Understanding the prevalence of various serotypes was also critical to the development of pneumococcal vaccines to prevent invasive infections.
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Orthopedics established the MRI early on as the tool of choice for joint- and soft tissue-imaging because of its non-invasiveness, lack of radiation exposure, multi planar slicing possibilities and the high soft tissue contrast. MRIs can provide joint details to the treating orthopedist, helping them to diagnose and decide the next appropriate therapeutic step. To examine the shoulder, the patient should lay down with the concerned arm is in lateral rotation. For signal detection it is recommended to use a surface-coil.
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Unlike basic airway management such as head-tilt or jaw-thrust maneuver, advanced airway management relies on the use of medical equipment and advanced training. Certain invasive airway management techniques can be performed "blind" or with visualization of the glottis. Visualization of the glottis can be accomplished either directly by using a laryngoscope blade or by utilizing newer video technology options. In roughly increasing order of invasiveness are the use of supraglottic devices such as oropharyngeal (OPA), nasopharyngeal (NPA), and laryngeal mask airways (LMA).
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Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in cancer patients; it relies on the ability of cancer cells to degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix and invade other tissues. The mechanisms of this process are still not completely understood, and because of the invasive properties of invadopodia, they have been investigated in this context. Indeed, invadopodia have been implicated in many cancers and cancer cells. Increased invasiveness of cancer cells correlates with invadopodia presence, and cancer cells have been observed to project them into the endothelium of blood vessels during extravasation, an important step in metastasis.
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EarFold or EarFold method is a surgical method for pinning protruding ears. In contrast to all the other ear-pinning procedures (otoplasty), metal implants are used instead of sutures. As far as the invasiveness of the surgery is concerned, the Earfold method ranks between the open, invasive conventional ear-pinning procedures (6,7,8,9), and the closed, minimally invasive Stitch method (4,5) or other variations of minimally invasive procedures (10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18). The ears are cut open and the skin is detached from the cartilage as in conventional ear-pinning operations, but to a lesser extent.
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Despite the fact that cellular senescence likely evolved as a means of protecting against cancer early in life, SASP promotes the development of late-life cancers. Cancer invasiveness is promoted primarily though the actions of the SASP factors metalloproteinase, chemokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8). In fact, SASP from senescent cells is associated with many aging-associated diseases, including not only cancer, but atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis. For this reason, senolytic therapy has been proposed as a generalized treatment for these and many other diseases.
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DNA methylation patterns are often changed in tumours, and the RELN gene could be affected: according to one study, in the pancreatic cancer the expression is suppressed, along with other reelin pathway components In the same study, cutting the reelin pathway in cancer cells that still expressed reelin resulted in increased motility and invasiveness. On the contrary, in prostate cancer the RELN expression is excessive and correlates with Gleason score. Retinoblastoma presents another example of RELN overexpression. This gene has also been seen recurrently mutated in cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
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SETD3 is capable of methylating the cytoskeletal protein actin on histidine residues. In patients of the Estrogen Receptor-positive, and Luminal A-type breast cancer classification, a high expression of SETD3 is associated with better relapse-free survival, whereas in patients lacking expression of estrogen-, progesterone- and HER2/neu-receptor, and those affected by a p53-mutation, SETD3 was associated with poor relapse-free survival. Downregulation of SETD3 expression with small interfering RNA resulted in an inhibition of cytoskeletal function and invasiveness of triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Las especies del género Tradescantia cultivadas en España. 2004. From there the type species, Tradescantia virginiana, was brought to England in 1629. The genus Tradescantia has received many common names, varying by region and country. Some of these names refer to the plants' great dispersal ability or invasiveness, such as "Wandering Jew"; the latter, an anti-Semitic name which Tradescantia species share with plants of several other genera, refers to a Christian myth of the Wandering Jew, condemned to wander the earth for taunting Jesus on the way to his crucifixion.
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Increased expression of cyclooxygenases and their potential involvement in the progression of various human cancers have been described. Some studies suggest that the TXA2 downstream metabolite of these cyclooxygenases along with its TP receptor contribute to mediating this progression. TP activation stimulates tumor cell proliferation, migration, neovascularization, invasiveness, and metastasis in animal models, animal and human cell models, and/or human tissue samples in cancers of the prostate, breast, lung, colon, brain, and bladder. These findings, while suggestive, need translational studies to determine their relevancy to the cited human cancers.
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This index divides both the dorsal and ventral surface of a flake into eight sections each and calculates a score of how invasive the retouch is. It is based on adding up individual scores from each of the eight sections (each section gets a score of 0, 0.5, or 1) and dividing the total by the number of sections. This index can be used on both unifacially and bifacially retouched flakes.Clarkson, C. 2002 An index of invasiveness for the measurement of unifacial and bifacial retouch: a theoretical, experimental and archaeological verification.
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The natural range of Pueraria montana can be found in India, Myanmar, Indochina, China, Korea, Japan, Thailand, Malaysia, the Pacific Islands, and in north Australia. In its native habitat, it and its closely related species occur across wide areas; the species have diverged genetically due to vicariance. Its invasiveness can be attributed to similarities between both native and newly invaded niches, effectively expanding its habitable range into areas with climates it may not be able to endure otherwise. Like other exotic species, the introduction to other areas is due to human actions.
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Analysis of hair samples has many advantages as a preliminary screening method for the presence of toxic substances deleterious to health after exposures in air, dust, sediment, soil and water, food and toxins in the environment. The advantages of hair analysis include the non-invasiveness, low cost, and the ability to measure a large number of, potentially interacting, toxic and biologically essential elements. Hence, head hair analysis is increasingly being used as a preliminary test to see whether individuals have absorbed poisons linked to behavioral or health problems.
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Thus, it was hypothesized that T-cadherin functions as a tumor-suppressor factor; inactivation of T-cadherin is associated with tumor malignancy, invasiveness and metastasis. However, in other tumors T-cadherin expression could promote tumor growth and metastasis. In primary lung tumors the loss of T-cadherin was not attributed to the presence of metastasis in lymph nodes, and in osteosarcomas T-cadherin expression was correlated with metastasis. Furthermore, T-cadherin overexpression was found to be a common feature of human high grade astrocytomas and associated with malignant transformation of astrocytes.
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In a later trial, the researchers enabled a teenage boy to play Space Invaders using his ECoG implant.Teenager moves video icons just by imagination, press release, Washington University in St Louis, 9 October 2006 This research indicates that control is rapid, requires minimal training, and may be an ideal tradeoff with regards to signal fidelity and level of invasiveness. Signals can be either subdural or epidural, but are not taken from within the brain parenchyma itself. It has not been studied extensively until recently due to the limited access of subjects.
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Currently, invasive cancer is associated with a very short life expectancy . In the case of pancreatic cancer, which unfortunately is almost always already in invasive stages at the time of diagnosis, only between 1% and 4% of patients survive for five years after diagnosis. Oncomatryx has developed molecular diagnostic tests to predict the invasiveness of breast tumors (DMTXbreastScan) and pancreas, colon, lung, and head and neck tumors (DMTXinvaScan). These tests have already been used successfully in hospitals in Andalucia, Asturias, Cantabria, Catalonia, Galicia, Madrid, Navarre, the Basque Country and Valencia in Spain.
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The EP4 receptor is over- expressed in human prostate cancer tissue and a selective EP4-receptor antagonist inhibits the growth and metastasis of human prostate cancer cell xenografts. An EP4 receptor antagonist as well EP4 Gene knockdown inhibit the in vitro proliferation and invasiveness of human breast cancer cells. And, gene knockdown of EP4 inhibit the metastasis of murine breast cancer cells in a mouse model of induced breast cancer. PGE2 stimulates the in vitro growth of human non-small cell lung cancer while an antagonist of EP4 or EP4 gene knockdown inhibits this growth.
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Treponema Denticola is a potential etiological bacterial agent for oral cancer. It encourages oncogenesis (process in which healthy cells become cancer cells) and therefore the progression of oral cancer through chronic inflammation advancing invasiveness of the cancer cells. This results in the ceasing of cell apoptosis (inhibition of controlled cell death – a safety mechanism within cells to stop more damage from occurring), resulting in rapid growth and multiplication of cancer cells. This suppresses the immune system stopping the body from recognising the cancerous cells and as a result more cancer-promoting substances are produced.
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A similar situation happens in viral immunity, acute infections are resolved by CTL, whereas long term immunity from reinfection is provided by antibodies. Both gamma-interferon and antibodies prevent tumor growth in multiple ways. Gamma-interferon activates T, natural killer and B cells, inhibits angiogenesis and tumor invasiveness, stimulates major histocompatibility complex expression in tumor cells and inhibits cell proliferation. Antibodies binding to antigens on the surface of cells trigger lytic mechanisms mediated by the complement system (complement-mediated cytotoxicity) or by leukocytes carrying Fc receptors (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, ADCC).
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ANGPTL4 plays an important role in numerous cancers and is implicated in the metastatic process by modulating vascular permeability, cancer cell motility and invasiveness. ANGPTL4 contributes to tumor growth and protects cells from anoikis, a form of programmed cell death induced when contact-dependent cells detach from the surrounding tissue matrix. ANGPTL4 secreted from tumors can bind to integrins, activating downstream signaling and leading to the production of superoxide to promote tumorigenesis. ANGPTL4 disrupts endothelial cell junctions by directly interacting with integrin, VE-cadherin and claudin-5 in a sequential manner to facilitate metastasis.
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Platelets in the blood have the ability to initiate the induction of EMT in cancer cells. When platelets are recruited to a site in the blood vessel they can release a variety of growth factors (PDGF, VEGF, Angiopoietin-1) and cytokines including the EMT inducer TGF-β. The release of TGF-β by platelets in blood vessels near primary tumors enhances invasiveness and promotes metastasis of cancer cells in the tumor. Studies looking at defective platelets and reduced platelet counts in mouse models have shown that impaired platelet function is associated with decreased metastatic formation.
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Prolactin induced protein (called GCDFP-15 in this context) in breast cyst fluid or breast tissue serves as marker of both benign and malignant apocrine metaplasia as the protein is not normally expressed in breast tissue. It is characteristic of low grade apocrine carcinoma of the breast, high grade apocrine carcinoma frequently loose expression of this marker. PIP gene expression in breast cancer lines was associated with decreased cell proliferation and invasiveness and an increase of the apoptotic pathway. Many of the genes affected by PIP appear to be regulated by STAT5.
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Invasive species with an extreme degree of invasiveness identified by the Network are: #Eucalyptus globulus #Ricinus communis #Pennisetum clandestinum #Eragrostis lehmanniana #Cenchrus ciliaris #Rhynchelytrum repens #Tamarix ramosissima Of these 7 species, 4 belong to the grass family (Poaceae). This group contains the largest number of invasive plants in Mexico, with 82 species of 226 total registered so far. The family with the second highest number of invasive species is the Asteraceae with 14 species, and joint third and fourth are the Fabaceae and Brassicaceae, containing 12 species each (UNIBIO, s.a.).
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Anillin is critical for cell division and therefore development and homeostasis in metazoans. In recent years, the expression levels of anillin have been shown to correlate to the metastatic potential of human tumours. In colorectal cancer, expression levels of anillin are higher in tumours and when anillin was over-expressed in HT29 cells, a classical colorectal cancer cell line, the cells showed faster replication kinetics due to the lengthening of G2/M phase. Increasing the expression of anillin also led to further invasiveness and migration of numerous colorectal cancer cell lines.
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"McIntee, 42. David Edelstein wrote, "Alien remains the key text in the 'body horror' subgenre that flowered (or, depending on your viewpoint, festered) in the seventies, and Giger's designs covered all possible avenues of anxiety. Men traveled through vulva-like openings, got forcibly impregnated, and died giving birth to rampaging gooey vaginas dentate — how's that for future shock? This was truly what David Cronenberg would call 'the new flesh,' a dissolution of the boundaries between man and machine, machine and alien, and man and alien, with a psychosexual invasiveness that has never, thank God, been equaled.
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Typically, an introduced species must survive at low population densities before it becomes invasive in a new location. At low population densities, it can be difficult for the introduced species to reproduce and maintain itself in a new location, so a species might reach a location multiple times before it becomes established. Repeated patterns of human movement, such as ships sailing to and from ports or cars driving up and down highways offer repeated opportunities for establishment (also known as a high propagule pressure). Scientists include ecosystem and species factors among the mechanisms that, when combined, establish invasiveness in a newly introduced species.
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Children who were sexually victimized by other minors, including inter-sibling abuse, show largely the same problems as children victimized by adults, including anxiety disorders, depression, substance abuse, suicide, eating disorders, post traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorders and difficulty trusting peers in the context of relationships. The victim often thinks that the act was normal, including thinking they were the initiator or that they went through the act voluntarily. Major factors that affect the severity of symptoms include the use of force or coercion, the frequency of the abuse, and the invasiveness of the act.Brown, Janelle C., Ph.D. (September, 2004).
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The new pat-down procedures, which were originally not made public, "routinely involve the touching of buttocks and genitals" as well as breasts. These procedures were controversial, and in a November 2010 poll, 50% of those polled felt that the new pat-down procedures were too extreme, with 48% feeling them justified. A number of publicized incidents created a public outcry against the invasiveness of the pat-down techniques,Michigan Man Left Covered in Own Urine following TSA Pat-Down Fox News Detroit, November 22, 2010.Mike Clary, Full-body scanners trigger concerns for some fliers , Sun Sentinel, November 22, 2010.
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Large clone of S. lanceolatum prior to flowering, Ontario, Canada In addition to dispersal by wind-blown seed, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum spreads extensively by rhizomes to create large clones. Although these clones do not dominate habitats in North America, growing in association with grasses, goldenrods and other asters, in Europe it is an invasive species that excludes native plants in riparian habitats. This invasiveness has been linked to allelopathic compounds in S. lanceolatum tissue, and their effect on native European plants. Viable seed production in Europe seems to be limited, and the species largely spreads there via rhizomes.
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Miscanthus × giganteus, the giant miscanthus, is a sterile hybrid of Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus. It is a perennial grass with bamboo-like stems that can grow to heights of more than in one season (from the third season onwards). Just like Pennisetum purpureum, Arundo donax and Saccharum ravennae, it is also called elephant grass. Miscanthus × giganteus' perennial nature, its ability to grow on marginal land, its water efficiency, non-invasiveness, low fertilizer needs, significant carbon sequestration and high yield have sparked a lot of interest among researchers, with some arguing that it has "ideal" energy crop properties.
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Calm technology or Calm design is a type of information technology where the interaction between the technology and its user is designed to occur in the user's periphery rather than constantly at the center of attention. Information from the technology smoothly shifts to the user's attention when needed but otherwise stays calmly in the user's periphery. Mark Weiser and John Seely Brown describe calm technology as "that which informs but doesn't demand our focus or attention." The use of calm technology is paired with ubiquitous computing as a way to minimize the perceptible invasiveness of computers in everyday life.
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A wide variety of electrode designs have been researched, tested, and manufactured. These electrodes lie on a spectrum varying in degrees of invasiveness. Research in this area seeks to address issues centered around peripheral nerve/tissue damage, access to efferent and afferent signals, and selective recording/stimulation of nerve tissue. Ideally peripheral nerve interfaces are optimally designed to interface with biological constraints of peripheral nerve fibers, match the mechanical and electrical properties of the surrounding tissue, biocompatible with minimal immune response, high sensor resolution, are minimally invasive, and chronically stable with low signal-to-noise ratios.
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Inflatable vaginal expander ZSI 200 NS ZSI 200 NS vaginal expander stretching the female vagina In order to facilitate sexual intercourse, the main treatments are self-dilation methods (using intra- vaginal cylinders or inflatable expanders (vaginal stents) of increasing size) and surgical vaginoplasty to lengthen the vagina. Self-dilation has a high success rate, estimated at 75%, and is usually the first-line treatment due to low surgical invasiveness. Overall, the complication rates are significantly lower with dilation than with vaginoplasty. Surgery is indicated when there is inability or reluctance to perform self-dilation, or where it is performed but with failed result.
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Thermography, or thermal imaging, measures the heat gradient of skin by detection of infrared radiation. Because heat is a cardinal sign of inflammation, thermal imaging can be used to detect inflammation that may be the cause of lameness, and at times discover a subclinical injury. When used, horses must be placed in an area free of sunlight exposure, drafts, or other sources of outside heat, and hair length should be uniform in the area imaged. Benefits include non-invasiveness and the potential for early identification of injury, and detection of early contralateral limb injury in the case of orthopedic patients.
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The most ideal should be reliable, continuous, non-invasive, easy to use and cost-effective. The invasive methods like the still gold standard method Swan-ganz catheter (pulmonary artery catheter), based on transcardiac thermodilution, are being replaced by its invasiveness; hence these systems will not be inspected in this document. The minimally invasive methods also require catheterization, but less harmful. One of them is the Thermodilution Transpulmonary (TDTP), developed in the late 1990s, which presents risk of iatrogenic effect effects such as pneumothorax, Bleeding, infection, thrombosis or vascular ischemia, inherent to the requirement of both arterial and central venous catheter.
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PSA values are difficult to interpret, because a high value might be present in a person without cancer, and a low value can be present in someone with cancer. The next form of testing is often the taking of a biopsy to assess for tumour activity and invasiveness. Because of the significant risk of overdiagnosis with widespread screening in the general population, prostate cancer screening is controversial. If a tumour is confirmed, medical imaging such as an MRI or bone scan may be done to check for the presence of tumour in other parts of the body.
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The company bases its R&D; on the recent discovery that tumor cells generate changes in the cells that surround them as well as in the extracellular matrix, facilitating invasion metastases. Oncomatryx and its collaborators and advisors have proved that peritumoral stroma, which is constituted by mesenchymal cells and extracellular matrix, plays a key role in tumor invasiveness and metastasis, at the same time being a physical barrier that prevents anti-cancer agents from reaching tumor cells. Oncomatryx is developing a new generation of biological anti-tumor drugs, combining cytotoxic molecules and monoclonal antibodies specifically directed towards tumor associated stroma.
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Ailanthus is also sometimes counter-nicknamed "tree from hell" due to its prolific invasiveness and the difficulty in eradicating it. In certain parts of the United States, the species has been nicknamed the "ghetto palm" because of its propensity for growing in the inhospitable conditions of urban areas, or on abandoned and poorly maintained properties, such as in war-torn Afghanistan. Until March 26, 2008, a -tall member of the species was a prominent "centerpiece" of the sculpture garden at the Noguchi Museum in the Astoria section in the borough of Queens in New York City.
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Surgical robot systems have been developed from the first functional telesurgery system-ZEUS-to the da Vinci Surgical System, which is currently the only commercially available surgical robotic system. In Israel a company was established by Professor Moshe Schoham, from the faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the Technion. Used mainly for "on-site" surgery, these robots assist the surgeon visually, with better precision and less invasiveness to patients. The Da Vinci Surgical System has also been combined to form a Dual Da Vinci system which allows two surgeons to work together on a patient at the same time.
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He defines the movie as ″a horror movie with the third act taken out″. Nevertheless, he praises the cast and the cinematography, adding that ″The movie peddles in paranoia, but is too tedious to make a lasting effect; even the resort itself seems too poorly operated to be worried about. This steady decline is all the more disappointing because of the solid filmmaking and acting, of which there are inspired moments throughout″. Guy Lodge, for Variety, defines Time Share as ″[a] nasty, nettling little puzzle piece that cleverly probes patriarchal insecurity and corporate invasiveness through the course of one botched family vacation″.
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Snail gene may show a role in recurrence of breast cancer by downregulating E-cadherin and inducing an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The process of EMT is also noted as an important and noteworthy process in tumor growth, through the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells due to repression of E-cadherin adhesion molecules. Through knockout models, one study has shown the importance of SNAI1 in the growth of breast cancer cells. Knockout models showed significant reduction in cancer invasiveness and therefore can be used as a therapeutic measure for the treatment of breast cancer before chemotherapy treatment.
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The function of activated AXL in normal tissues includes the efficient clearance of apoptotic material and the dampening of TLR-dependent inflammatory responses and natural killer cell activity. AXL is a putative driver of diverse cellular processes that are critical for the development, growth, and spread of tumours, including proliferation, invasiveness and migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, stemness, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. AXL has been implicated as a cancer driver and correlated with poor survival in numerous aggressive tumors including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer and ovarian cancer, among others.
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Widely expressed in human tissues, SLUG is most notably absent in peripheral blood leukocytes, adult liver, and both fetal and adult brain tissues. SLUG plays a role in breast carcinoma as well as leukemia by downregulation of E-cadherin, which supports mesenchymal phenotype by shifting expression from a Type I to Type II cadherin profile. Maintenance of mesenchymal phenotype enables metastasis of tumor cells, though SLUG is expressed in carcinomas regardless to invasiveness. A knockout model using chick embryos has also showed inhibition of mesodermal and neural crest delamination; chick embryo Slug gain of function appears to increase neural crest production.
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A unicameral bone cyst, also known as a simple bone cyst, is a cavity filled with a yellow-colored fluid. It is considered to be benign since it does not spread beyond the bone. Unicameral bone cysts can be classified into two categories: active and latent. An active cyst is adjacent to the epiphyseal plate and tends to grow until it fills the entire diaphysis, the shaft, of the bone; depending on the invasiveness of the cyst, it can cause a pathological fracture or even destroy the epiphyseal plate leading to the permanent shortening of the bone.
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Additionally, Cyclin E1 is more easily replicated in BLBC than other types of breast cancer, and its expression suggests a poor prognosis. Deletion of RB gene and overexpression of cyclin E play a significant role in the malignant proliferation of BLBC. More and more studies have shown that epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the invasiveness of breast cancer. EMT refers to the loss of epithelial differentiation characteristics of epithelial cells and shows the characteristics of mesenchymal differentiation, resulting in decreased cell adhesion and increased mobility of cells and allowing cancer cells to obtain infiltration and metastasis.
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Venography (also called phlebography or ascending phlebography) is a procedure in which an x-ray of the veins, a venogram, is taken after a special dye is injected into the bone marrow or veins. The dye has to be injected constantly via a catheter, making it an invasive procedure. Normally the catheter is inserted by the groin and moved to the appropriate site by navigating through the vascular system. Contrast venography is the gold standard for judging diagnostic imaging methods for deep venous thrombosis; although, because of its cost, invasiveness, and other limitations this test is rarely performed.
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There are a growing number of concerned users of Starfield's software, due to the subtlety, invasiveness, and potential privacy-breaching nature of their 'Workspace Installer' tool. Once installed the program creates a shortcut on the desktop called 'Workspace Desktop'. The tool promotes its use as an extension of the GoDaddy web interface, allowing users added functionality, such as drag-and-dropping media files into their GoDaddy web based email client, desktop notification, and others. On Mac devices it requires root privileges; the same is also true for older versions of the installer for Windows in that it requires administrator privileges to install.
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Kīpuka provides useful study sites for ecological research because they facilitate replication; multiple kīpuka in a system (isolated by the same lava flow) will tend to have uniform substrate age and successional characteristics, but are often isolated-enough from their neighbors to provide meaningful, comparable differences in size, invasion, etc. They are also receptive to experimental treatments. Kīpuka along Saddle Road on Hawaii have served as the natural laboratory for a variety of studies, examining ecological principles like island biogeography, food web control, and biotic resistance to invasiveness. In addition, Drosophila silvestris populations inhabit kīpukas, making kīpukas useful for understanding the fragmented population structure and reproductive isolation of this fly species.
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Vacuum assisted breast biopsy (VABB) is a more recent version of core needle biopsy using a vacuum technique to assist the collection of the tissue sample. Similarly to core needle biopsy the needle has a lateral ("from the side") opening and can be rotated allowing multiple samples to be collected through a single skin incision. This method has become more popular than FNA, CNB, and surgical biopsies due to the benefits of low invasiveness while still obtaining a larger tissue sample. Taking more tissue helps reduce sampling error since breast lesions are often heterogeneous (cancer cells are spread unevenly) and therefore cancer can be missed if not enough tissue is taken.
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MEG has been in development since the 1960s but has been greatly aided by recent advances in computing algorithms and hardware, and promises improved spatial resolution coupled with extremely high temporal resolution (better than 1 ms). Since the MEG signal is a direct measure of neuronal activity, its temporal resolution is comparable with that of intracranial electrodes. MEG complements other brain activity measurement techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and fMRI. Its strengths consist in independence of head geometry compared to EEG (unless ferromagnetic implants are present), non- invasiveness, use of no ionizing radiation, as opposed to PET and high temporal resolution as opposed to fMRI.
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For example, the plants can unbalance natural lifecycles in artificial reservoirs or in eutrophied lakes that receive large amounts of nutrients. Because of P. crassipes' invasiveness, several biological control agents have been released to control it, including two weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Neochetina bruchi Hustache and Neochetina eichhorniae Warner, and the moth Niphograpta albiguttalis (Warren) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).Julien, M.H., and Griffiths, M.W. (1998), Biological Control of Weeds: A World Catalogue of Agents and their Target Weeds (4th ed.), Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing, CAB International. Neochetina eichhorniae causes "a substantial reduction in water hyacinth production" (in Louisiana); it reduces plant height, weight, root length, and makes the plant produce fewer daughter plants.
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Transcriptional regulation of the AT1 receptor gene in immortalized human trophoblast cells This article was published in the Biochimica et Biophysica Acta or BBA (Latin for Biochemical and Biophysical Journal). This article explains a discovery of an immortalized human trophoblast cell line responds to AngII a peptide that regulates contraction of smooth vascular muscle, fluid homeostasis, and sympathetic nervous activity. The research also suggests that it can be synthesized in the placenta (gives nutrients and water to the fetus) which increases a gene that allows for less trophoblast invasiveness which is the main cause for Preeclampsia. The paper was retracted due to the fabricated blots in Figure 6.
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Spongiform change in CJD Testing of tissue remains the most definitive way of confirming the diagnosis of CJD, although it must be recognized that even biopsy is not always conclusive. In one-third of people with sporadic CJD, deposits of "prion protein (scrapie)," PrPSc, can be found in the skeletal muscle and/or the spleen. Diagnosis of vCJD can be supported by biopsy of the tonsils, which harbor significant amounts of PrPSc; however, biopsy of brain tissue is the definitive diagnostic test for all other forms of prion disease. Due to its invasiveness, biopsy will not be done if clinical suspicion is sufficiently high or low.
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of existing randomized controlled trials came to the result that there is no evidence of a beneficial effect of PGP as measured by live birth rate. On the contrary, for women of advanced maternal age, PGP significantly lowers the live birth rate. Technical drawbacks, such as the invasiveness of the biopsy, and chromosomal mosaicism are the major underlying factors for inefficacy of PGP. A major drawback of genomic profiling for embryo quality is that the results generally rely on the assessment of a single cell, PGP has inherent limitations as the tested cell may not be representative of the embryo because of mosaicism.
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Common mynas are known to carry avian malaria and exotic parasites such as the Ornithonyssus bursia mite, which can cause dermatitis in humans. The common myna can help spread agricultural weeds: for example, it spreads the seeds of Lantana camara, which has been classed as a Weed of National Significance because of its invasiveness. Common mynas are regularly observed to usurp nests and hollows, destroy the eggs and kill the young of native bird species, including seabirds and parrots. There is evidence that common mynas have killed small land mammals such as mice, squirrels and possums, but further research on these occurrences is under consideration.
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Its role in cancer is not yet fully understood, though NmU and its receptor NMUR2 have been shown to be over-expressed in human pancreatic cancers compared to normal cells. Studies also showed NmU serum levels decreased after the tumors were removed, as NmU and its receptor are localized predominantly in cancer cells. Although NmU exerts no effect on cancer cell proliferation, it induces c-Met, a proto-oncogene that encodes the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) protein. Increased invasiveness as well as an increased hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated scattering suggest NmU is also involved in the HGF-c-Met paracrine loop regulating cell migration.
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This procedure is performed when intra-abdominal bleeding (hemoperitoneum), usually secondary to trauma, is suspected.Rosen 2009, p. 422-4 In a hemodynamically unstable patient with high-risk mechanism of injury, peritoneal lavage is a means of rapidly diagnosing intra-abdominal injury requiring laparotomy, but has largely been replaced in trauma care by the use of a focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST scan) due to its repeatability, non-invasiveness and non-interference with subsequent computed tomography (CT scan). Abdominal CT and contrast duodenography may complement lavage in stable patients, but in an unstable or uncooperative persons, these studies are too time-consuming or require ill-advised sedation.
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In fact, the AIAS estimated that by 1976 Boneseed had colonised around 405 hectares in the You Yangs, with an even larger area affected on the Mornington Peninsula. Since then the population's expansion has been dramatic, and in the You Yangs, by 2003 it was estimated that Boneseed had extended its presence to around 1300 hectares of the 2000-hectare park. (Archived by the Wayback Machine) It was listed on the Weeds of National Significance in 2000 and is one of the 20 most significant weeds in Australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, and environmental and economic impacts. (Archived by WebCite) C. monilifera has a particularly wide potential range.
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In both cases, political considerations relating to the establishment of diplomatic relations with the U.S.S.R. seem to have been critical factors in this cover-up. According to the US Government Commission on the Ukrainian Famine, the seizure of the 1932 crop by the Soviet authorities was the main reason for the famine. The US commission stated that "while famine took place during the 1932–1933 agricultural year in the Volga Basin and the North Caucasus Territory as a whole, the invasiveness of Stalin's interventions of both the Fall of 1932 and January 1933 in Ukraine are paralleled only in the ethnically Ukrainian Kuban region of the North Caucasus".
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It has been shown that HIF-1α can induce the EMT pathway, as well as the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thus enhancing the invasive potential of LNCaP cells (human prostate cancer cells). As a result, it is possible that the EMT associated with upregulated HIF-1α is controlled by signals from this Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Catenin and EMT interactions may also play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma. VEGF-B treatment of hepatoma carcinoma cells can cause α-catenin to move from its normal location on the membrane into the nucleus and E-cadherin expression to decrease, thus promoting EMT and tumor invasiveness.
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It is more expressed in malignant gliomas than in the brain, and such overexpression results in higher levels of invasiveness and lower rates of survival. Antibodies to CD99 are used in diagnostic immunohistochemistry to distinguish Ewing's sarcoma from other tumours of similar histological appearance, as well as for the identification of thymic tumours, and of spindle cell tumours, such as synovial sarcoma, haemangiopericytoma, and meningioma. EWS/FLI is thought to regulate CD99, but knockdown of EWS/FLI results in only a modest reduction in CD99. When CD99 expression is knocked down in human cells with Ewing's sarcoma and those cells are grafted onto mice, tumor and bone metastasis development is reduced.
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Temporal artery thermometers, which use the infrared principle report temperature, are becoming increasingly common in clinical practice because of their ease of use and minimal invasiveness. Because of the variability of technique and environmental considerations, measurements by temporal artery thermometers may suffer issues of precision, and to a lesser degree accuracy. Temporal thermometers have been found to have a low sensitivity of around 60–70%, but a very high specificity of 97–100% for detecting fever and hypothermia. Because of this, it is suggested that they should not be used in acute care settings like the ICU, or in patients with a high suspicion of temperature imbalance.
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ENKTCL-NT is thought to arise from the expression of EBV genes in the infected NK or cytotoxic T cells and the ability of these genes to cause the cells they infect to overexpress and acquire mutations in key genes that regulate cell growth, immortalization, invasiveness, and ability to evade normal control mechanisms, particularly immune surveillance. Since these gene-related abnormalities are multiple and vary between patients, it is not clear which contribute to the development and/or progression of ENKTLC-NT. Clinical studies are therefore examining targeted therapy tactics to determine which gene abnormalities contribute to, and which drugs targeting these abnormalities are useful in treating, ENKTCL-NT.
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The transcript that begins with exon 1B is preferentially induced by hypoxia, resulting in the accumulation of this protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The protein encoded by this gene is thought to play an important role in protein folding and secretion in the ER. Since suppression of the protein is associated with accelerated apoptosis, it is also suggested to have an important cytoprotective role in hypoxia-induced cellular perturbation. This protein has been shown to be up- regulated in tumors, especially in breast tumors, and thus it is associated with tumor invasiveness. There is also an alternative translation site of this gene which lacks the signal peptide.
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Rolando Fausto Del Maestro (born 1949) is an Italian-born Canadian neurosurgeon, the William Feindel Professor Emeritus in neuro-oncology and director of the Neurosurgical Simulation Research Center at the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, where he has been involved in mimicking real brain surgery by creating a virtual setting, founded upon the principles of flight simulation. From 1981 to 2000, as director of the Brain Research Laboratories at the University of Western Ontario, his main work and research focussed on brain tumours, tumour invasiveness and angiogenesis. He also made developments in “awake” brain surgery, where people can respond as the operation progresses. He is a co-founder of the Brain Research Fund Foundation of Canada.
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Fascin binds beta-catenin, and colocalizes with it at the leading edges and borders of epithelial and endothelial cells. The role of Fascin in regulating cytoskeletal structures for the maintenance of cell adhesion, coordinating motility and invasion through interactions with signalling pathways is an active area of research especially from the cancer biology perspective. Fascin localizes to actin-rich protrusions at the cell surface called filopodia. Recent study shows that fascin also localizes to invadopodia, membrane protrusions formed at the adherent cell surface that facilitate extracellular matrix (ECM) invasion, this provide a potential molecular mechanism for how fascin increases the invasiveness of cancer cells since fascin expression is upregulated in a spectrum of cancers.
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The main method currently used to predict the health of a resultant person of an embryo is preimplantation genetic diagnosis (also called preimplantation genetic screening, preimplantation genetic profiling or PGP), in order to determine whether the resultant person will inherit a specific disease or not. On the other hand, a systematic review and meta- analysis of existing randomized controlled trials came to the result that there is no evidence of a beneficial effect of PGP as measured by live birth rate. On the contrary, for women of advanced maternal age, PGP significantly lowers the live birth rate. Technical drawbacks, such as the invasiveness of the biopsy, and chromosomal mosaicism are the major underlying factors for inefficacy of PGP.
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IVUS is the current most sensitive method detecting and measuring more advanced atheroma within living individuals, though it is typically not used until decades after atheroma begin forming due to cost and body invasiveness. CT scans using state of the art higher resolution spiral, or the higher speed EBT, machines have been the most effective method for detecting calcification present in plaque. However, the atheroma have to be advanced enough to have relatively large areas of calcification within them to create large enough regions of ~130 Hounsfield units which a CT scanner's software can recognize as distinct from the other surrounding tissues. Typically, such regions start occurring within the heart arteries about 2–3 decades after atheroma start developing.
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The bilayer that is formed allows the molecule to fully encapsulate any drug, protecting it while it is travelling through the body. One drawback to shielding the drug from the outside cells is that it no longer has specificity, and requires coupling to extra antibodies to be able to target a biological site. Due to their low stability, liposome- based nanoparticles for drug delivery have a short shelf life. Targeted therapy using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is also a popular topic of research and has led to several stage III clinical trials. Invasiveness is not an issue here because a magnetic force can be applied from the outside of a patient’s body to interact and direct the MNPs.
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The percentage of patients with minimal residual disease (stage 0-I) after chemotherapy was higher among basal-like (19 of 33, 58%) than HER2+/ER− (5 of 11, 45%). As an independent molecular subtype, BLBC's special biological behavior and poor prognosis attributes to its significance in the clinical research of breast cancer. BLBC has a high proliferative activity and strong invasiveness, suggesting that it is easier for recurrence and metastasis, and the overall survival period is significantly shortened. BLBC is easier to metastasize to brain and lung through blood vessels, but less to bone and liver, suggesting that tumors have unique metastasis mechanism and once metastasis occurs, the prognosis is very poor.
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The biggest causes of death for patients with cancer are tumour invasion and metastasis – processes that are highly correlated with cell migration and motility. There is limited information regarding how MAP4K4 is involved in cancer but studies have shown that MAP4K4 is overexpressed in a number of cancer types including lung, prostate, pancreatic and ovarian cancer where such up-regulation is associated with increased cell migration, adhesion and invasiveness. Several studies have identified MAP4K4 as an upstream regulator of proteins associated with cytoskeletal dynamics or adhesion. Deletion of the MAP4K4 gene appears to affect membrane dynamics in endothelial cells, resulting in reduced cell migration and impaired angiogenesis; while an overexpression significantly elevates the rate of cell invasion and morphogenesis.
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Although originally identified as an oncogenic fusion in 1982, only recently has there been a renewed interest in the Trk family as it relates to its role in human cancers because of the identification of NTRK1 (TrkA), NTRK2 (TrkB) and NTRK3 (TrkC) gene fusions and other oncogenic alterations in a number of tumor types. A number of Trk inhibitors are (in 2015) in clinical trials and have shown early promise in shrinking human tumors. Family of neurotrophin receptors including NTRK3 have been shown to induce a variety of pleiotorpic response in malignant cells, including enhanced tumor cell invasiveness and chemotoxis. Increased NTRK3 expression has been demonstrated in neuroblastoma, in medulloblastoma, and in neuroectodermal brain tumors.
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In this case, the artist intervened the façade and interior of the Centro Contemporáneo Wilfredo Lam in Havana, Cuba with hundredths of EPS foam sculptures combined with a sound component. This work "takes on limitless resonances in the Cuban context," writes art critic and curator Clara Astiasarán, "for it emerges as/appears in a tacitly harmless form, but its effects provoke suspicious thought and/or action in the face of the unknown." She describes the work as a series of protuberances that arise out of the pink-painted wall, "taking capricious but essentially ovoid forms, whose 'aestheticity' and their flirtatiousness toward feminine and/or maternal signs, conceal the violence of their invasiveness." Astiasarán goes on to describe the sound as discreet, yet insistent and unsettling.
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Compared to CAOV-3 human ovarian cancer cells, SKOV-3 and CAOV-3 human ovarian cancer cells over express BLT4 receptors, LTB4 and 12-HETE metabolizing enzymes, two key metabolites of these enzymes, LTB4 and 12-HETE, and activated STAT3 also are far more invasive in animal models. Inhibition of BLT2 receptors by LY255283 but not of BLT1 receptors by U75302 and suppression of BLT2 receptors by siRNA treatment reduced the expression of NOX4 (i.e. NADPH oxidase 4, the reactive oxygen species made by this enzyme, activated STAT3, the invasion- promoting enzyme, MMP 2, and the in vitro invasiveness (Matrigel invasion assay) of SKOV-3 and CAOV-3 cells. LY255283 also inhibited the peritoneum metastasis of intra-peritoneal injected SKOV-3 cells in athymic mice.
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Targeted therapy of lung cancer refers to using agents specifically designed to selectively target molecular pathways responsible for, or that substantially drive, the malignant phenotype of lung cancer cells, and as a consequence of this (relative) selectivity, cause fewer toxic effects on normal cells. Most previous chemotherapy drugs for cancer were (relatively) nonselective in their activity. Although their exact mechanisms of action were varied and complex, they generally worked by damaging cells undergoing mitosis, which is usually more common in malignant tumors than in most normal tissues. Targeted agents are designed to be selective in their effects by modulating the activity of proteins necessary and essential for oncogenesis and maintenance of cancer, particularly enzymes driving the uncontrolled growth, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis characteristic of malignant tumors.
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The Russian company Kaspersky said the virus could only have been deployed with nation-state support, and that it would lead to the creation of a new kind of arms race in the world. Considering the damage caused, along with the invasiveness, lack of clear legitimacy and the speculation that the worm was developed and deployed with help of U.S. government with possible Israeli or German assistance means Stuxnet could seen as a use of force. Though it might not be seen as an unlawful use of force since the Iran nuclear activities targeted were illegal. For this reason the virus has been called a cyber-weapon, although the Iranian government did not claim it had been victim of a cyber-attack.
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One study compared respiratory rate counted using a 90-second count period, to a full minute, and found significant differences in the rates.. Another study found that rapid respiratory rates in babies, counted using a stethoscope, were 60–80% higher than those counted from beside the cot without the aid of the stethoscope. Similar results are seen with animals when they are being handled and not being handled—the invasiveness of touch apparently is enough to make significant changes in breathing. Various other methods to measure respiratory rate are commonly used, including impedance pneumography, and capnography which are commonly implemented in patient monitoring. In addition, novel techniques for automatically monitoring respiratory rate using wearable sensors are in development, such as estimation of respiratory rate from the electrocardiogram, photoplethysmogram, or accelerometry signals.
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IL-30 was identified as a cytokine able to condition, in an autocrine or paracrine manner, gene expression profile, at times the viability, motility, and invasiveness of breast cancer cells and to generate an inflammatory and prometastatic milieu supporting tumor growth and progression. High levels of IL-30 in myeloid derived cells of tumor-draining lymph nodes from breast cancer patients have also proven to be an independent predictor of poor prognosis, thus suggesting the involvement of IL-30, produced by the host’s immune cells, in conditioning tumor behavior and patient outcome. Directly and/or by subverting multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, IL-30 favors cancer cell proliferation, migration, and dissemination. That may boost cancer cell expression of cytokines and chemokines, which promote myeloid cell recruitment and tumor progression.
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Colon cancer: In a study to understand the effects of Mycoplasma contamination on the quality of cultured human colon cancer cells, a positive correlation was found between the number of M. hyorhinis cells present in the sample and the percentage of CD133-positive cells (a glycoprotein with an unknown function). Gastric cancer: Strong evidence indicates the infection of M. hyorhinis contributes to the development of cancer within the stomach and increases the likelihood of malignant cancer cell development. Lung cancer: Studies on lung cancer have supported the belief that more than a coincidental positive correlation exists between the appearance of Mycoplasma strains in patients and the infection with tumorigenesis. Prostate cancer: p37, a protein encoded for by M. hyorhinis, has been found to promote the invasiveness of prostate cancer cells.
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Clostridioides difficile 01 Fecal microbiota transplant is approximately 85–90% effective in people with CDI for whom antibiotics have not worked or in whom the disease recurs following antibiotics. Most people with CDI recover with one FMT treatment. A 2009 study found that fecal microbiota transplant was an effective and simple procedure that was more cost-effective than continued antibiotic administration and reduced the incidence of antibiotic resistance. Once considered to be a "last resort therapy" by some medical professionals, due to its unusual nature and invasiveness compared with antibiotics, perceived potential risk of infection transmission, and lack of Medicare coverage for donor stool, position statements by specialists in infectious diseases and other societies have been moving toward acceptance of FMT as a standard therapy for relapsing CDI and also Medicare coverage in the United States.
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Human breast cancer often expresses and appears promoted by Ras proteins (see carcinogenesis and the Ras subfamily). The forced expression of oncogenic Ras in cultured human MCF-10A breast cancer cells markedly up- regulates BLT2 receptors and this up-regulation appears essential for the epithelial–mesenchymal transition-promoting ability of Transforming growth factor beta in these cells; BLT2 receptors in these cells appear to stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species and activation of NF-κB and may thereby contribute to the metastatic ability of breast cancer. Since BLT2 receptors are significantly elevated in human breast cancer tissue compared to non-cancerous breast tissue, the cited studies, when taken together, indicate that BLT2 receptors promote the malignant growth, invasiveness, metastasis and possibly anti-cancer drug resistance of not only cultured human breast cancer cells but also of human breast cancer.
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Depending on the latitude, leaf drop may vary by as much as three weeks, beginning in the second week of October in Scandinavia and the first week of November in southern Europe. Unlike some other maples that wait for the soil to warm up, A. platanoides seeds require only three months of exposure to temperatures lower than and will sprout in early spring, around the same time that leafout begins. Norway maple does not require freezing temperatures for proper growth, however it is adapted to higher latitudes with long summer days and does not perform well when planted south of the 37th parallel, the approximate southern limit of its range in Europe. The heavy seed crop and high germination rate contributes to its invasiveness in North America, where it forms dense monotypic stands that choke out native vegetation.
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Nathan Lee in The Village Voice advanced the notion that while Pattern Recognition focused to an extent on "specifying the ambient sense of invasiveness in all aspects of life after the collapse of the towers", Spook Country accepted that anxiety as a premise, and was thus "the more reflective, less unnerving of the two novels". Politics is present as an underlying theme in Spook Country to a greater extent than in any of the author's previous novels. The novel can be read as an exploration of the fear, uncertainty and pervasive paranoia of an America riven by the unending and divisive Iraq War. Although he had avoided overtly political themes in his previous work out of a distaste for didacticism, Gibson found that in the Bush era, politics had "jacked itself up to my level of weirdness".
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Considering the versatile functions of m6A in various physiological processes, it is thus not surprising to find links between m6A and numerous human diseases; many originated from mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cognate factors of m6A. The linkages between m6A and numerous cancer types have been indicated in reports that include stomach cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, mesothelioma, sarcoma, and leukaemia. The impacts of m6A on cancer cell proliferation might be much more profound with more data emerging. The depletion of METTL3 is known to cause apoptosis of cancer cells and reduce invasiveness of cancer cells, while the activation of ALKBH5 by hypoxia was shown to cause cancer stem cell enrichment. m6A has also been indicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis and obesity, as FTO is a key regulatory gene for energy metabolism and obesity.
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Additionally, the symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizae allows this invasive species to utilize less of its energy in root biomass to absorb necessary nutrients. This may be crucial in allowing Oriental bittersweet to act as an effective invasive species as it is able to allocate more energy to its aboveground biomass instead of its belowground biomass; a significant point regarding this plant's invasiveness relies on photosynthetic ability and reproductive capacity. The symbiotic relationship established with fungi only occurs with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, while no such relationship has been observed with ectomycorrhizal fungi. These studies have shown that suitable mycorrhizae are a strong determining factor regarding whether a plant can survive in its environment. Studies have also shown evidence that “introduced plant species can modify microbial communities in the soil surrounding not only their own roots, but also the roots of neighboring plants, thereby altering competitive interactions among the plant species”.
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Lipopolysaccharide (i.e. endotoxin) stimulates MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 cells to increase their invasiveness as determined with in vitro Matrigel Invasion Chamber assays; this effect appears due to its ability to induce the overexpression of BLT2 receptors, the enzymes which produce LTB4 and 12(S)-HETEs, and the key metabolites of these enzymes, LTB4 and 12(S)-HETE; furthermore, the latter the binding of the latter metabolites to cells overexpressed BLT2 receptors leads to the activation of NF-κB. These results indicate that the 12-HETE/BLT2 interaction reduces the survival of cultured human breast cells by stimulating the production of reactive oxygen species and the activation of NF-κB. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, a process whereby epithelial cells assume a mesenchymal phenotype, is proposed to occur in a subset of cells in various cancer tissues to promote their movement from a tumor site into blood and lymphatic vessels and thereby form distant metastases.
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But the wave function is not a physical object like, for example, an atom, which has an observable mass, charge and spin, as well as internal degrees of freedom. Instead, is an abstract mathematical function that contains all the statistical information that an observer can obtain from measurements of a given system. In this case, there is no real mystery in that this mathematical form of the wave function must change abruptly after a measurement has been performed. In the context of the so- called hidden-measurements interpretation of quantum mechanics, the observer- effect can be understood as an instrument effect which results from the combination of the following two aspects: (a) an invasiveness of the measurement process, intrinsically incorporated in its experimental protocol (which therefore cannot be eliminated); (b) the presence of a random mechanism (due to fluctuations in the experimental context) through which a specific measurement-interaction is each time actualized, in a non-predictable (non- controllable) way.
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In February 2012, Byron sponsored HB462, a bill that would require that Virginia women seeking an abortion would have to undergo a transvaginal ultrasound, without her written consent and even if it is against the wishes of her doctor. After the controversy caused by passing of this bill by Virginia representatives, Governor Bob McDonnell amended the bill to include language that would require the written consent of the woman seeking an abortion, and would also require only a transabdominal ultrasound. However, Byron urged rejection of the amendment on its grounds that a transvaginal ultrasound is an invasive procedure because, "[i]f we want to talk about invasiveness, there's nothing more invasive than the procedure that she is about to have," she said, referring to her belief that abortions harm viable persons within the womb. In January 2017, she proposed HB2108, a bill that would prevent municipalities from expanding beyond their current footprint and from building and offering broadband to those within the municipalities.
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ENKTCL-NT malignant cells overexpress NF-κB, a cellular signaling transcription factor that when up- regulated promotes these cells' proliferation and survival. They also overexpress: 1) aurora kinase A, a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that when up-regulated in the cancer setting promotes these cells' invasiveness and to develop chromosome segregation errors during mitosis that result in daughter cells having too few or too many chromosome; 2) members of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of proteins including survivin, Bcl-xL, and MCL1 which when up-regulated suppress programmed cell death to promote these cell's survival and resistance to attack by the host immune system; 3) multidrug resistance protein 1, a surface membrane protein that when up- regulated causes these cells to greatly increases the export of anthracyclines such as Adriamycin and Daunomycin thereby rendering them resistant to this class of chemotherapy drugs; 4) EZH2, a histone methyltransferase that when up-regulated indirectly promotes these cells' growth; 5) runt-related transcription factor 3 that when up-regulated indirectly promotes the survival and proliferation of these cells; and 6) programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), that when up-regulated increases the ability of these cells to avoid attack by the host's immune system.
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