Berman agreed with Brady's substantive argument that Goodell was railroading him with an arbitrary punishment for which he had no notice, and basing that punishment on inferences on top of inferences on top of inferences of wrongdoing.
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If multiple inferences can be drawn from a statement, and some of those inferences are noncriminal, no criminal prosecution can be sustained as a matter of law.
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"I'm not going to speak to" the subject of the conversation, he said, but cautioned that lawmakers should draw no "negative inferences or positive inferences" from his circumspection.
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"I'm not going to speak to" the subject of the conversation, he said, but cautioned that lawmakers should draw no "negative inferences or positive inferences" from his circumspection. Sen.
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On the interview: "I'm not going to speak to" the subject of the conversation, Pompeo said, but cautioned that lawmakers should draw no "negative inferences or positive inferences" from his circumspection. http://bit.
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But the curators agreed it is easy to draw inferences.
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They want investors to draw inferences from the economic data.
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Comparing diets on a statistical basis, though, allows some striking inferences.
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There are no inferences, no modeling, no assumptions based on browsing.
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"The inferences, the innuendo, it's not accurate at all," he said.
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What big picture inferences can you draw from this pattern of behavior?
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It is also not about biases that are endemic to human inferences.
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Others as an exercise to practice inferences, spark discussion or support reading.
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But she seems too reluctant to draw inferences and make analytical deductions.
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And it takes a stunningly small amount of information to make inferences.
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You have to draw inferences from what you've seen, what you've heard.
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But it will probably be hard for readers to make these inferences.
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But I do think we have enough evidence to draw some reasonable inferences.
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Scientists are left to draw inferences from what is known of similar infections.
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It's interesting you bring up the power of inferences to plant false memories.
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There are some logical inferences that can be drawn from all of this.
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Facebook's ad platform has faced additional criticism in Europe for sensitive inferences it makes about users — given the platform allows advertisers to target people based on political and religious interests, meaning Facebook's platform is quietly making sensitive inferences about individuals.
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It's not even about producing hot takes, it's about inferences and implications and projections.
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Inferences based on a sample of one must never be accorded sure-thing interpretations.
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CITES challenges Estimates from seizure data to make inferences about market dynamics is risky.
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Obviously not the President or his legal team, given the inferences the article raises.
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Potok said it's probably possible to draw some inferences from within the FBI data.
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"That lead to inferences and reports that were, at a minimum, misleading," they added.
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Deadlocks over things like privilege should not give rise to adverse inferences, they argued.
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So we can start applying machine learning to this data to start driving inferences.
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We make inferences about the world without the carefully delineated examples from supervised learning.
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This doesn't mean we only write about inferences based on formal methods of research.
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And: To build, train, and improve the accuracy of our automated methods of processing (including AI), we manually review some of the predictions and inferences produced by the automated methods against the underlying data from which the predictions and inferences were made.
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This explicit attribution eliminates the need to make inferences, reducing the scope for sexist judgments.
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Only through astounding leaps of bad faith could someone draw any nefarious inferences from them.
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"You can draw whatever inferences you want for whatever purposes you so choose," Pompeo added.
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They can reach and will reach the inevitable conclusions, the unavoidable inferences, from proven facts.
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I get the prescription medication (inferences) from the history I have had, but certainly no.
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What inferences is the world likely to draw from President Trump's very different Syria message?
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We know they can make these wide-ranging inferences from very small amounts of data.
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On the contrary, they appear to be inferences drawn from a group's position in society.
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What, for instance, are the inferences the kids are making about how the toy works?
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"People are connecting dots and then making inferences and speculating" on fuel security, he said.
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We cannot know the outcome of events in advance, but we can draw reasonable inferences.
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This perspective allowed him to ask questions and make inferences that other researchers might have missed.
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There was nothing to show that this mother—they wanted me to make all these inferences!
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But how can they make good inferences about things that weren't part of our evolutionary ancestry?
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The reason we're often wrong is that these impressions are not accurate as inferences of character.
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You are allowed to make reasonable inferences, as long as they are based on the evidence.
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But these inferences are too facile, because some increases connote good news, while others do not.
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" Likewise, a Transportation Department spokesman said the report wove "together a web of innuendos and baseless inferences.
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They sift through massive amounts of data, spying commonalities and making inferences about what might belong where.
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Continued China or "savior" inferences are a wasted opportunity to build meaningful, wide-reaching and lasting value.
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In contrast, Vicarious' style of AI is slower, because it's actively making logical inferences as it goes.
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"It appears feasible — with further refinement — to draw Facebook-quality relationship inferences from telephone metadata," they write.
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Rather, such inferences are based on a collection of measurable data points and the machine's interpretation thereof.
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There were even inferences established regarding this or that unknown fact using data points that were known.
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"Your inferences on how that process was corrupted or corrupt is absolutely wrong," Whitaker said after Rep.
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Democrats and their witnesses have instead insisted that the impeachment can be proven by inferences or presumptions.
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Such inferences are without actual evidence, though, and lack support when considering how products like Search work.
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"The reflections off the landscape are triggering countless inferences and steering the conversation," Bird said in 2015.
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We use faces to make rapid inferences about their personalities, he argued, and then make decisions accordingly.
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Some inferences we can make from the search for aliens have profound implications for our own world.
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It is a sort of… the audience member is a participant in the narrative, and if the inferences are going to be understood, and the connections are going to be felt — even if they're different inferences and different feelings — they are going to be brought by the audience member.
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Moreover, the samples are not always informative enough to yield reliable inferences, particularly in relatively stable microbial communities.
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The computing system then gathers evidence, reads through laws and draws inferences about the material it has collected.
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And when press releases made unwarranted inferences about animal studies, 86 percent of the journalistic coverage did, too.
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A system cannot draw any inferences for users or items about which it hasn't yet gathered sufficient information.
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People shouldn't draw any inferences that she is guilty from only hearing Lloyd Klein's version of the story.
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While Pagliano is surely in an unenviable, nail-biting position, we can draw some inferences from recent events.
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Even the logical inferences that I'd once matched up so carefully seemed to fall apart on further reflection.
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Researchers rely on easier-to-measure proxies to make inferences about changes in sources or sinks of methane.
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Some are more convincing than others, and, not infrequently, Payne's inferences seem to run ahead of the data.
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However, the critical context to Bardawil's statement was omitted while the moral inferences drawn from it were bizarre.
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This is just about the best possible environment to make quick and relatively confident inferences about the favorite.
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With all of that data in hand, the researchers made a pair of inferences about each smartphone user.
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Three more principles allow inferences against parties that block access to the evidence, as Trump has repeatedly done.
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Residents may also obtain the inferences that companies have made about their behavior, attitudes, activities, psychology or predispositions.
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By having access to these categories, HART can almost instantly make sensitive inferences about every facet of their lives.
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That at least was the strong impression with which "Go Forth" left me; you may well make other inferences.
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And metadata offers a rich source of inferences about individuals which, under EU law, would certainly constitute personal data.
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Then, the researchers show new data to the neural networks and tell them to make inferences about the data.
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They write: Telephone metadata is densely interconnected, easily reidentifiable, and trivially gives rise to location, relationship, and sensitive inferences.
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Under the circumstances, reporters can't make what once seemed like safe assumptions and inferences about the White House's claims.
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Twitter said it may have also showed users ads based on inferences about the devices they use without permission.
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Any article of clothing festooned with rape inferences is just unacceptable, but this particular item adds victim-blaming undertones.
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The app makes inferences about the personalities of users — and, somewhat alarmingly, of all their friends and contacts too.
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But the inferences can go wrong, and hearing the audio version — and therefore the correct prosody — can aid comprehension.
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" But a spokeswoman for SoftBank said the company would be "reviewing the inferences made by The Wall Street Journal.
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A new study by Stanford University found "telephone metadata densely interconnected, susceptible to re-identification, and enabling highly sensitive inferences".
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But BenevolentAI's version of it is a form of machine learning that can draw inferences about what it has learned.
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Moreover, by studying these coherent sequences, the researchers can make educated inferences about the DNA that encoded for those functions.
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Such measures, he said, would raise questions for the jury and could lead to jurors drawing unfair inferences against Alimehmeti.
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"We find that telephone metadata is densely interconnected, susceptible to reidentification, and enables highly sensitive inferences," the paper authors write.
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"You can make the exact same inferences about people based on their credit card data or smartphone data," she said.
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Making the correct inferences and following the correct method meant more scientific breakthroughs, which meant faster and more powerful machines.
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Similarly, making inferences is often seen as unacceptable, even if you're drawing a conclusion the other person would freely disclose.
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Facebook collects a vast amount of information about its users, and uses its technology to draw additional inferences about them.
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That includes inferences and categorizations — Status Seeking Singles, Blue Collar Comfort, Tight Money — that some companies use to classify people.
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These inferences felt like threats, or declarations, like I deserved to have happening to me what was happening to me.
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These are still inferences based on fuzzy splotches, and there's still a lot that astronomers don't understand about how planets form.
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But when things go wrong like an explosion at a separate company, Tesla investors tend to make more general inferences, too.
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This effect enables astronomers to spot the unique signature, and even make inferences about the mass and size of the object.
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We've covered the complaint before, including an earlier submission showing the highly sensitive inferences that can be included in bid requests.
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Now any app user can easily harness such data to make inferences about, and try to influence, their contacts' voting behavior.
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As ProPublica itself acknowledges, its sample is too small to draw any solid statistical inferences, but the results are still troubling.
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That pattern sheds light on the nature of the President's acts and the inferences that can be drawn about his intent.
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But when this new "Hubble constant" was compared with the estimates from the Big Bang inferences, the numbers just didn't match.
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Multiple signals and inferences are used to flesh out individual ad profiles on an ongoing basis, meaning the files are never static.
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Readers will surely make their own inferences; they know that what you don't say is just as important as what you do.
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Those aren't just numbers like how hard someone is punching, but also inferences about a player's emotional state based on the data.
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It's named after a piece by the late artist Steven Perrino and makes bold inferences to the sorry state of global affairs.
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But despite the inferences that could be drawn, Bolton was not relegated to Mongolia to keep him away from the North Koreans.
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Hinton's most intense sleuthing involved multiple layers of guesses and inferences, the kind that would've left less determined people in the dust.
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An eclipse gives scientists an opportunity to look at the inner corona and make better inferences about the surface of the sun.
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It gives European users the right to see all of the information companies hold about them — including any algorithmic scores or inferences.
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In the end we are left with a web of unhealed inferences, the lava of guilt and grief slowly covering both women.
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"We are hoping to be able to use it to make inferences—like what peer groups exist in the classroom," he said.
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"The next useful thing would be for us to analyze all the things that are bookmarked, and to draw inferences," Mediratta said.
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Artificial intelligence software is trained on data that contains all kinds of human biases, which can then appear in its own inferences.
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If people say no, they should be able to continue using Facebook as normal without these inferences being made on the back-end.
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It reads and draws inferences from existing laws to answer questions about specific cases or guidelines that users can ask using natural language.
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Scientists, like Eisen, applaud Sprague for his efforts while also recognizing that it's not typically possible to make broad inferences about human health.
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Our theory is that when a child receives a first name, it comes loaded with a number of social expectations, inferences and interactions.
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Vast repositories of human genetic information are now allowing researchers to make inferences about the development and spread of mental illness throughout history.
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What we have been able to glean from ex parte filings, inferences, innuendo and hearsay cannot, and should not, pass for regulatory transparency.
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CNBC's Eric Chemi checked in with some of the network's on-air talent to see where Twitter's partners fell short on their inferences.
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And the more information we have about various radar fingerprints, the more we can generalize and make inferences about never-before-seen objects.
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The company says it can use that data to make inferences about the behavior of non-members, an approach known as "lookalike" targeting.
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Supplied with enough data, the routing algorithm can make basic inferences about traffic, like which roads are best at which times of day.
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They should make inferences based on information from the story, from the other resources below, and any other reliable sources they can find.
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If you can draw other inferences from the evidence — such as the possibility of counterterrorism run amok — that can defeat a genocide claim.
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But these are largely inferences from other countries with stronger gun laws rather than rigorously researched theories that have been tested in America.
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As a nakedly corporate state is thrust upon us, the insidious inferences of Simon's abstractions transform them into a different kind of emblem.
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One of the lessons of my research is that it's really hard to make any inferences about the people who follow prominent accounts.
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UFOs, taboo for professional scientists When it comes to science, the scientific method requires hypotheses to be testable so that inferences can be verified.
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Facebook records your behavior, then makes inferences on who you may be or what you might like, including your race, gender, sexuality, and religion.
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This would reduce the number of related proteins needed to draw structural inferences and might thus bring human proteins within range of the technique.
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But data taken directly from brains says a lot more about people than inferences from their likes and shares, powering much more accurate predictions.
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The researchers relied on an extensive "face database" (a real thing that exists) to make smart inferences on the finer details of each face.
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Scientists can make inferences about what they find in observational studies, but it's more challenging to draw a straight line between cause and effect.
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Instead of algorithms presenting deterministic "yes" or "no" results to queries, new systems are able to offer up more probabilistic inferences about the world.
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Those are some of the conclusions drawn by Twitter's newly available demographic inferences, which are based on behaviors outside of the social media site.
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The elder Kushner told the Times that all insinuations about ethical issues concerning his business were just false inferences he attributed to political opponents.
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"Some of those inferences that are being made are hypotheses, and the data doesn't really allow one to clearly answer some of those questions."
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The inferences Cujo can draw from its database could be used to identify common attack vectors or vulnerable devices and help to vaccinate networks.
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But over the course of this densely researched and detailed book, Kraus fills the spaces between these details with inferences which border on cruel.
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" Exxon's effort to blunt "duly authorized investigations" through the courts was "extraordinary," she wrote, and was based on "extremely thin allegations and speculative inferences.
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It accused Facebook of keeping some users from seeing housing ads based on machine learning algorithms' inferences about those users' race and other characteristics.
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Then respond to the questions below: • Based on these pictures and their captions, what inferences can you make about the Sami way of life?
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In my case, for example, Facebook thinks I'm interested in books and the Supreme Court, and that I'm a new parent — all correct inferences.
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Judge Cott rejected the distinction, saying it "strains credulity" to deny the government "logical inferences" in making its case for arrest and against bail.
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This is because data profiles are rife with erroneous data and filled with dubious inferences drawn from individual data as well as social networks.
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Chances are it's a collage of creepily accurate inferences about you and your interests, including a ton of information you've never explicitly told it.
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The further inferences are that these manipulations are occurring to this day and every technology company is engaging in the same allegedly discriminatory behavior.
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They could start out without preprogrammed preconceptions and make inferences from the data about how the world works and how to work in it.
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Because we're in the same situation — we're drawing the same inferences about medical marijuana as we did back in the day with the opioids.
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I can make inferences like that, but actually knowing what movie they're watching or if it was on Netflix or YouTube or something else.
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One of the things that defines humans most is our ability to read others' minds -- that is, to make inferences about what others are thinking.
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And because fossils are abundant in South Africa, paleontologists used this record to make inferences about the kind of life that likely existed in Antarctica.
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A scientific theory typically means a well substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that sits above laws, inferences, and tested hypotheses. 2.
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The Economist decided to investigate what inferences about a life of crime it might be possible to draw from different types, and numbers, of tattoos.
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The question will be whether it can intelligently sort those signals to make coherent inferences about what to show us and when to believe us.
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The technology developed by NIST would "map connections between people with similarly themed tattoos or make inferences about people from their tattoos," the EFF reports.
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Facebook disagrees, disputing that the inferences its ad platform makes about users (based off of its tracking and data-mining of people) constitutes personal data.
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Scrutinizing what is said, when and how it is said, and what isn't said enables rhetorical analysts to make informed inferences about intent and effect.
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The ability to make inferences from same and different, once thought to be unique to humans, is viewed as a cornerstone of abstract intelligent thought.
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We can get data that people don't even know they disclosed, because we can fit together different bits and pieces and make deductions and inferences.
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All of it is potentially revealing, allowing companies to make sophisticated inferences about who we are, what we want and what we're likely to do.
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Even if the underlying data is deleted — none of the parties they shared the data with or the inferences they built on it were impacted.
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It processes that data, makes inferences about it, collates it with your friends' data, and until recently, it even bought data about users from third parties.
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These kinds of ad services make inferences about who you are based on your web browsing history, and then serve ads that are targeted to you.
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So we are left to judge them by making inferences from their past policies and from how they seem to think about foreign policy more broadly.
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Much of the legal argument centered on just what inferences the court can make based on the fact that Levandowski is asserting his Fifth Amendment rights.
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They want the FTC to order YouTube to destroy all data from children under 13, including any inferences drawn from the data, that's in Google's possession.
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As for the remaining inferences, regardless of whether they were accurate, the mere appearance of possessing a highly sensitive trait assuredly constitutes a serious privacy impact.
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These inferences result in increasingly deterministic recommendation systems, which tend to reinforce existing beliefs and practices similar to the echo chambers in our social media feeds.
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They also make inferences on how successful you are based on what you're wearing, and how aggressive you are based on the shape of your face.
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" In Philadelphia, she noted to me that "we convict people on probabilities rather than absolute certainty, and we've executed people based on inferences from available evidence.
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The Guppy Multiple Moving Average indicator combines those two approaches and uses the mathematical calculation to make inferences about the way traders and investors are thinking.
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In civil cases such as the open records one launched by Judicial Watch, judges are allowed to draw inferences from someone's decision not to answer questions.
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Any article of clothing festooned with rape inferences is just unacceptable, but this particular item adds insult to injury, thanks to the shirt's victim-blaming undertones.
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He believes he is totally innocent of any wrongdoing but, in defending himself, he relies on a script built on inferences, questionable facts and outright falsehoods.
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Kaufman said she had concerns about the accuracy of drawing inferences about an individual's health from an analysis of a group of people with similar traits.
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Support them in answering as many questions as they can, but allow them to leave some unanswered if they cannot find reliable information to make inferences.
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Erlich's work intrudes into public space with illusions created from ordinary things like staircases, elevators, and swimming pools, which then transcend their entertaining aspect with deeper inferences.
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Accordingly, the SEC considers the circumstances surrounding each advertisement, including the recipient's sophistication and the inferences that might be drawn from the information presented in the advertisement.
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Instead of a breadcrumb trail of clues and inferences leading to a guilty monster behind bars, it explores the heartbreaking phenomenon of false confessions elicited by police.
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The scientists also made some inferences about the dwarf planet&aposs evolution in their new study, which was published online Wednesday (May 23) in the journal Icarus.
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"Taking these allegations as true and drawing all reasonable inferences in his favor, it is plausible that John overpaid for at least one product," the judge added.
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"Huawei will remain on the so-called entity list where there are serious export controls and in national security inferences or suggestions there won't be any licenses."
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"While each cycle is different, we view this particular downturn to be the appropriate base on which to make inferences, and adjust our estimates accordingly," he said.
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We are making inferences based on the different data sets that are out there and the things that they appear to point to as we learn more.
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Counties are large and heterogeneous, and even the most heavily Hispanic counties contain sizeable non-Hispanic populations that limit inferences one can make about Hispanic voting behavior.
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You just don't want to be making big inferences about what was effective and what was not based on a race that was essentially a coin flip.
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"Lacking assured like-with-like comparators in other countries, we risk making heroic, and perhaps heroically wrong, inferences country-to-country," she told CNN in an email.
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Behavioral experiments led by Radboud University's Michelle Lampe demonstrated that wolves, unlike their domesticated cousins, have an ingrained knack for making causal inferences about where food was hidden.
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Making any inferences harder was the absence of Ginsburg, who is expected to vote in the case but who was not able to ask any questions of counsel.
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"On the methodological side, we can also see that inferences of genetic information that don't account for subdivisions between populations can also generate very misleading information," said Scerri.
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While, per Human Rights Watch, the Dutch government refused during the hearing to disclose "meaningful information" about how SyRI uses personal data to draw inferences about possible fraud.
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The joint investigation found Facebook's platform had made sensitive inferences about users — allowing advertisers to target people based on inferred interests including communism, social democrats, Hinduism and Christianity.
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There is enough homophobia in the world without a gay man sneering at another gay man's interests, particularly when it's bound up with inferences of being "too camp".
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But if waterfalls can form without an external force, as they did in this new experiment, scientists might have to rethink inferences they've made about Earth using waterfalls.
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They found that significant inferences can be made about individuals using metadata, including where people live, who they are related to and whether they have a heart condition.
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Of course, Facebook is only extracting object-based data at the moment, and it's not necessarily trying to draw inferences about user behavior from the contents of photos.
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The study's methodology does not support quantitative inferences about how often digital wage theft occurs or how much money U.S. workers have lost to these practices over time.
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They would also be required to inform consumers if they were drawing "inferences," the sophisticated guesses companies make about, say, your dating habits or your taste in convertibles.
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The broad-strokes inferences of a facile transference of historical meaning into cultural value are obviously both political and artistic; in both contexts their implications are pretty toxic.
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Third, people should have the right to delete personal data in the hands of third parties to gain a clean digital slate, free from stigmatization and outdated inferences.
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"In normal circumstances I would say that statements by Russia about their inferences about particular meetings are not especially credible or important or right or destabilizing," she said.
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Researchers asked 200 people to rate 39 avatars based on female dancers, an experiment in what they call "social cognition" — how bits of perceptual information feed large inferences.
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The data that Twitter said it might have used include a person's country code, their engagement details with a particular ad and inferences made about the devices they use.
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Importantly, these fracking-induced quakes appear to be unique to western Canada, so it's difficult to make inferences to similar operations elsewhere, or to the practice of wastewater injection.
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TWITTER SAYS SINCE SEPT 2018 CO MAY HAVE SHOWN ADS BASED ON INFERENCES MADE ABOUT DEVICES USERS USE EVEN IF USER DID NOT GIVE CO PERMISSION TO DO SO
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"Protecting our data helps us secure the past, but protecting inferences and uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is what we will need to protect our future," the committee warns.
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"For a considerable number of reasons, the critical inferences drawn by the judge could not be upheld," three judges in the Victorian state appeals court wrote in a judgment.
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Seeking to act like an intuitive matchmaker, the algorithm draws inferences from personal interests, current online behavior, the user's potential value to each advertiser and the ad's general appeal.
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With much of today's enterprise software, a person is required to make inferences repeatedly based on any number of data points — validating positive compliance with security protocols, for example.
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Since the 2009 outbreak of H1N1 influenza, researchers worldwide have increasingly relied on mathematical models, computer simulations informed by what little data they can find, and some reasoned inferences.
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To make inferences about how Lucy's bones were used in day to day life, the researchers analyzed 3-D digital models of bones built from scans of the fossil.
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"The memo takes some reasonable inferences about how such an indictment would be troublesome for the president, and then spins them out into conclusions that aren't supportable," he said.
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Lauretta believes that the team simply made the wrong inferences on Bennu's boulders based on the data they had, but that they were correct in some aspects of their interpretation.
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The investigation found that Facebook's platform enables this type of ad targeting in the EU by making sensitive inferences about users — inferred interests including communism, social democrats, Hinduism and Christianity.
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In other words, customers' results are based on inferences and are merely an estimate, often a very rough one — something many test takers don't realize and testing companies play down.
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The law also entitles individuals to see the specific inferences that have been made about them — including predictions or categorizations related to a person's behavior, attitudes, psychology, intelligence or abilities.
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"Most of the inferences on the weekend (on the trade front) were positive and markets seem to have decided to run with it," said Colin Asher, senior economist at Mizuho.
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Although "correlation does not imply causation," EPA and CASAC have in recent years rationalized costly mandates with questionable inferences about whether small changes in exposure cause changes in health risks.
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Akil Bello, a college admissions consultant who works with underprivileged students, said a weakness of the new study of Harvard's recruitment was that it drew inferences from purely statistical data.
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I think in many ways this photograph is false, primarily because it compels us to make inferences about the participants, given popular cultural signs and the inescapable sign of skin color.
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"Recent articles attempt to fabricate a web of old, tired innuendos and baseless inferences, reflecting a lack of understanding of the Department's responsibilities, while demonstrating deep cultural misunderstandings," the spokesperson said.
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Usually [inferences] help us: If I remember an event poorly and you seem to remember it really well, well, I'll update my memory using what you're saying, and that's very adaptive.
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The judge was careful to say in his opinion that he was required to accept all well-pled allegations as true and that he had drawn all inferences in Palin's favor.
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Deep learning, a trendy type of AI, typically involves two stages: training artificial neural networks on lots of data, and then directing the networks to make inferences about the new data.
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For example, some data brokers might allow users to remove raw data, but not the inferences derived from it, making it difficult for consumers to know how they have been categorized.
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Unlike in a criminal case, judges in civil cases such as Judicial Watch's can draw inferences about someone's guilt from a witness's decision to plead their rights under the Fifth Amendment.
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Though little documentation on the originals exists, inferences about Finn's style and palette can be drawn from the fact that he had studied under the French academic master Jean-Léon Gérôme.
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"While TLS obscures the plaintext, it also introduces a complex set of observable parameters that allow many inferences to be made about both the client and the server," the paper reads.
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The analyst said Nvidia's new TensorRT Hyperscaler Platform should yield greater market share in artificial intelligence, the tool needed for computers to draw conclusions — or inferences — based on machine learning (ML).
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MRI scanning is used on the patients in both laboratory sessions, so that clinicians can see and draw inferences from the visible differences in blood flow to different parts of the brain.
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"The tool may be able to delete information that Facebook holds about a user's interaction with other websites, but inferences from those interactions may already be incorporated into Facebook's algorithm," she said.
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But those protesting the war were easier to see — whether on the streets or on the evening news — leading people to draw inaccurate inferences about the scope of disapproval of the war.
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Searches on publicly funded health service sites being compromised by the presence of adtech suggests highly sensitive inferences could be being made about web users by the commercial companies behind the trackers.
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Different starting beliefs, evidentiary requirements, and other factors "can have a big effect on the kinds of inferences scientists make," said Sean Gryb, a physicist and philosopher at the University of Bristol.
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WATCH: How to Make Easy Kimchi Fried Rice at Home "People make inferences on who we are as a person based on what we eat, not surprisingly more for women," Hormes said.
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Until now, the understanding of the galaxy's shape had been based upon indirect measurements of celestial landmarks within the Milky Way and inferences from structures observed in other galaxies populating the universe.
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His intense interest in Mueller's investigation and repeated attempts to shape the course of that investigation only serve to raise additional questions and create inferences that could strengthen the case against him.
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"I want to make it eminently clear that we don't know what they were exposed to and certainly can't make any inferences as to whether it was deliberate or inadvertent," he said.
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"It's a hall of mirrors of inferences and intentions every time you encounter laughter," said Sophie Scott, a neuroscientist at University College London who studies how the brain produces and processes laughter.
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" U.S. District Court Judge William Duffey Jr. wrote in his decision that the legal complaint "is fraught with conclusory claims, unsupported by factual allegations sufficient to support the inferences claimed by Plaintiffs.
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The poor readers who knew a lot about soccer were three times as likely to make accurate inferences about the passage as the good readers who didn't know much about the game.
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"How Facebook Figures Out Everyone You've Ever Met," Kashmir Hill, Gizmodo — A look at the ways Facebook uses contact information harvested from phone address books to make inferences about users' social graphs.
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" Serena Tucci, a postdoctoral researcher in Akey's lab, said the work shows "the need that we have for more sophisticated computational approaches, for a computational framework to make inferences about our past.
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In his version of the call, Schiff added his own inferences about what he argued Trump intended to convey to Ukraine: that they had to investigate his Democratic opponents or face reprisal.
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But as Sullivan is obviously picking and choosing his clients — and, in Weinstein's case, getting well paid for his time — it doesn't seem unreasonable to draw some inferences based on his choices.
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Snapchat uses what it calls Actionmoji to make fun inferences about what someone is doing in a certain location — if you're in the air, for example, your Bitmoji will appear in a plane.
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So tracker-fuelled inferences being made about site visitors are subject to EU data protection law — which has even more strict rules around the processing of sensitive categories of information like health data.
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When you mentioned Cambridge Analytica, which is a Republican leading data firm, there are certainly concerns there that they're able to tap a lot of information and make a lot inferences about you.
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While the laptop users took copious (mostly verbatim) notes, they fared far worse than the pen-and-paper scribblers when tested on what they recalled about the concepts and inferences of the lecture.
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As Mr. Guess notes, politicians and media outlets therefore tend not only to cater to this highly unrepresentative subset of Americans, but also to draw faulty inferences from them about the public's preferences.
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Mike Turner (R-Ohio) accused Sondland of basing his testimony that tied Trump to withholding aid to Ukraine in exchange for the Ukrainian government announcing investigations on nothing more than his own inferences.
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This last piece allows firms across the digital advertising industry to learn sensitive information about internet users and develop detailed data profiles based on inferences about each user's interests, preferences, behaviors and beliefs.
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The machines aren't even in the same ballpark as being able to understand basic theory of mind, let alone using those inferences to shape whether they would learn from someone else or not.
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Three traverses makes it possible to make informed inferences and determine what to do next in any given situation, something a domestic cat can do but that even the most advanced AI cannot.
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The US rarely disseminates such imagery, and Trump's move to release the photo presents a goldmine for foreign intelligence services, who can use it to make inferences about the US's aerial surveillance capabilities.
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Judges are reluctant to overturn a jury verdict, especially in a white-collar crime prosecution in which the proof often depends on jurors weighing competing evidence and drawing inferences from otherwise ordinary transactions.
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Based on the compounds common to both hands and phones, they made inferences about each person's lifestyle, like whether they drank tea or coffee, liked citrus fruits or spent time in the sun.
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" Like the word "atomic," these inferences embrace the duality of creation and destruction; the paintings' "exquisitely ravaged expanses" are exhilarating to look at, despite reading as signifiers of "the irreparable damage already done.
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The fitting problem asks whether this approximation might lead to incorrect inferences about the values of constants like lambda, or if it might even suggest the presence of a lambda that doesn't exist.
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Here's what you'll learn: Introduction to R Programming This extensive course will give you a good taste of what R is about so you can start making statistical inferences and solving fundamental data problems.
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"If they are drawing inferences based on information collected from, say, security cameras, then they are going to be more likely to notice events that happen where security cameras have been placed," she added.
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Google Talk to Books couldn't; no sentence in any book that it had digested spelled out the answer in full, and it had no way to make inferences beyond what was directly spelled out.
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Read on to find out which kind of countries someone born in a low-income family can get ahead, where the US falls on the Great Gatsby Curve, and inferences drawn from the curve.
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Gay rights groups draw inferences from Hobby Lobby — Ms. Tiven calls the case ''particularly telling'' — to argue that Judge Gorsuch would err on the side of religious freedom in cases involving discrimination against gays.
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Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen has been scrupulously avoiding discussion of specific details on the future of monetary policy, leaving economists to draw inferences from her sentiments about the health of the overall economy.
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My hope in this is that the CDC and other agencies will appropriately collect the data so that we can really try to draw inferences as to whether or not there's benefits from this.
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"The government's case hinged on speculative inferences and circumstantial evidence that fell woefully short of satisfying its burden," Mr. Silver's lawyers wrote to the trial judge, Valerie E. Caproni of Federal District Court in Manhattan.
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One way that fluency can make a story more enjoyable is that it reduces the need to make (possibly incorrect) inferences about where the story is going or what a character is thinking or feeling.
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Mr Ryan thinks the protocols should remove the most sensitive personal data—such as inferences about HIV status, political leanings, erectile dysfunction, pregnancy, eating disorders and race—from the data sent out to advertising bidders.
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But it is far from clear if he either intended to suggest a major policy change, or as in previous instances even (whether he) fully understands the inferences that will be drawn from his statements.
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On the surface, this might sound like a powerful reason to encourage routine circumcision; however, it is problematic to draw inferences about what these findings mean for circumcisions performed in other parts of the world.
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Challenge 2: Parking dataset is provided and the goal is to use statistical or machine learning models in order to draw inferences that could provide useful insights such as parking heatmaps/restriction maps etc Esri:
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The basic building block of self-learning software is the ability for a system to learn based on experience, make inferences from disparate signals, and then take action in response to new or unforeseen events.
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Schiff had said he was parodying the president by filling in sinister inferences, but Trump has fixated on the episode to suggest Schiff has tried to defraud the public about the nature of the call.
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Arguments they do integrate political bias and the inferences that the government should step in are antithetical to the principles upon which this nation was founded and would only serve to crimp America's innovative spirit.
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Wilkes happened to have some intellectual preparation: As a philosophy major, she had studied symbolic logic, which can involve creating arguments and inferences by stringing together and/or statements in a way that resembles coding.
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"However, we don't accept — he doesn't, I don't, Jay doesn't — a lot of the factual statements made, inferences, questionable material that's put out there," he added, referring to Jay Sekulow, another lawyer for Mr. Trump.
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One can make certain inferences from these names — 40 Wall Street LLC, for example, is probably a holding company that owns the Trump Building in New York's financial district whose address is 40 Wall Street.
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Panel (highlight color added) Image: Guagnin et alDating rock art requires inferences based on the location of the rocks and the placement of the carvings on the rock which makes accuracy difficult, according to the study.
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There were a lot of mathematical models and inferences that led the researchers to these conclusions—these assumptions, and the chance for human bias, make it difficult to exactly retell the history of the Solar System.
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"All of this work was done in mice, and so we are hesitant to make too many inferences to humans without further experimentation," said lead author Melissa L. Harris from the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
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But what we tend to forget is that the seemingly invisible mathematical models that make automated inferences about our interests, locations, behaviors, finances and health are designed by other humans using our pre-existing personal data.
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Systems like GEDmatch are valuable because members of the public voluntarily send their DNA to the database, making it an important resource for genealogists to make inferences about family trees and suggest potential suspects to investigators.
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"Chairman Schiff has made so much of the House's case about the credibility of interpretations that the House managers want to place on — not hard evidence — but on inferences," said Patrick Philbin, deputy counsel to Trump.
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The individuals filing the complaints have now submitted additional evidence showing lists of ad categories used by Google and online ad industry association, the Internet Advertising Bureau (IAB), that they say show sensitive inferences are systematically made.
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Studying the star helped the researchers make some inferences about the planet, such as that it seems to orbit at a distance that's not too close or too far, placing it in the so-called habitable zone.
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"The sampling method and the age of the data generated by the survey means that the data cannot be used to draw inferences about dog food being produced and sold in the U.S. today," the agency said.
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Is Facebook trampling over laws that regulate the processing of sensitive categories of personal data by failing to ask people for their explicit consent before it makes sensitive inferences about their sex life, religion or political beliefs?
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No, vision is itself interpretation, and the brain is tasked with continually making inferences and automatically, algorithmically filling in the gaps for the things that our eyes may not have properly seen but we know to exist.
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The observations were carried out by SDSS-III's Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, which uses a large telescope in New Mexico to not only map the galaxies but also make inferences about the expansion rate of the universe.
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The S.E.C. does not have to explain why it chooses to drop a case or pass on charging potential defendants, but then it cannot object when the public draws its own inferences from a failure to act.
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"The public makes inferences regarding the inflation target based on our past performance, not just on our words," Charles Evans, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, said in a June speech in New York.
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In the Nixon case, the committee drew its own inferences from the testimony presented to the grand jury, and the current Judiciary Committee and Senate Select Committee again need that actual testimony to make their own judgments.
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Translation has been revolutionized by the use of a trendy type of AI called deep learning, which involves training systems called artificial neural networks on lots of data and then getting them to make inferences about new data.
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It brought many grim realities to our national attention: More than 10% of 17-year-olds were essentially illiterate, 40% were incapable of reading a text and making inferences and a mere 20% could compose a persuasive essay.
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The images aren't often published because their dissemination can help analysts — including, and perhaps especially, those who work for hostile foreign powers — discern the resolution of the satellites and make other inferences about the US's aerial surveillance capabilities.
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Classical neural nets focus only on whether the prediction they gave is right or wrong, tweaking and weighing and recombining all available morsels of data into a tangled web of inferences that seems to get the job done.
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He also raises questions about Facebook's access to metadata — asking whether it will use inferences gleaned from the who, when and where of e2e encrypted comms (even though it can't access the what) to target users with ads.
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Google has already expressed interest in being able to infer medical conditions; in 2018, the company filed a patent for a smart device that makes inferences based on what it sees in your home, sorting users into categories.
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Eventually, we may even be able to look at neutrinos arriving from deep space and make inferences further supporting the non-deterministic view of quantum mechanics (which is, by the by, now favored by physicists by an enormous margin).
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Intimate and highly sensitive inferences such as these are then systematically broadcast and shared with what can be thousands of third party companies, via the real-time ad auction broadcast process which powers the modern programmatic online advertising system.
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But when you divide the brain into bitty bits and make millions of calculations according to a bunch of inferences, there are abundant opportunities for error, particularly when you are relying on software to do much of the work.
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Respondents — by now hundreds of thousands of us, mostly female and mostly young but enough male and older for the firm to make inferences about others with similar behaviors and demographics — get a free look at their Ocean scores.
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For many years there has been a grievance culture on the left, with a habit of turning statistical inferences into allegations of systemic biases, and treating bad personal habits as syndromes or diseases beyond the control of moral discipline.
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But no AI yet devised comes close—because each of these questions requires a reader to follow a chain of inferences that are only implicit in the story, and current techniques do not carry out inference in this sense.
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Generally speaking, with a trendy type of AI known as deep learning, people train models using large amounts of data, like photos, and then let the models make inferences about new data based on what the models have learned.
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Unlike in criminal cases, judges in civil suits are allowed to draw inferences from a witness's decision not to answer questions, potentially increasing the likelihood that Clinton herself is asked to testify as part of the Judicial Watch lawsuit.
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Here Twitter admits that, since September 2018, it may have served targeted ads that used inferences made about the user's interests based on tracking their wider use of the Internet — even when the user had not given permission to be tracked.
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This debate is important because it affects our understanding of the mechanisms that generate biodiversity, our inferences about how the sizes of natural populations have changed over time and our ability to reconstruct the evolutionary history of species (including our own).
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Because non-transparent decisions made off of the back of inferences gleaned from data taken without people's consent can mean that — for example — only certain types of people are shown certain types of offers and prices, while others are not.
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Contrary to Anderson's assertions, observations of grizzly bears along the Missouri River and its tributaries over 110 years ago offer little basis for inferences about the fearfulness or abundance of grizzlies west-wide at that time — certainly not in Yellowstone now.
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But the neural network-based systems can be slower to make inferences than more traditional architectures, as Socher and four of his collaborators -- Jiatao Gu, James Bradbury, Caiming Xiong and Victor O.K. Li -- point out in a new academic paper.
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Throughout the time that I worked with him, he framed his actions with near-daily verbal assaults and emotional manipulations these inferences felt like threats or declarations like I deserved to have happening to me what was happening to me.
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Privacy advocates and even some United States regulators have long been concerned about the ability of online services to track consumers and make inferences about their financial status, health concerns and other intimate details to show them behavior-based ads.
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SATURDAY PUZZLE — The effervescent Sam Ezersky's back, so if you're a musical-loving anthropologist who collects oceanic ephemera and 29th-century art but isn't above some subtle scatological inferences involving legumes and derrières, then this puzzle's gonna sing for you, baby.
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While this summer the company made changes to its privacy policy for its VoIP product Skype and AI assistant Cortana after media reports revealed it employed contractors who could listen in to audio snippets to improve automated translation and inferences.
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Christopher Sidoti, an Australian human rights expert, acknowledged that no "smoking gun" linked the six military leaders directly to orders to carry out genocide, but pointed to inferences of their role based on a strict chain of command in Myanmar.
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Jonathan Koehler, a behavioral scientist at the Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, worries that if this technique were to take off, investigators might ignore or undervalue other leads and push courts to prematurely admit evidence based on potentially inaccurate inferences.
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"Thankfully, the shark teeth in our study indicate a close relationship to living carpet sharks so we have reasonable inferences on their ancient lifestyles," Eric Gorscak, a paleontologist at the Field Museum and a co-author of the new study, told Gizmodo.
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The Cornell family's attorney Kirk Pasich said in a statement that the family is "disturbed" at inferences that Cornell knowingly and intentionally took his life and that Cornell told his wife that he had taken "an extra Ativan or two" before his death.
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And yet, the internet almost immediately erupted in a blaze of victim-blaming critiques, from leading inferences about how Kim essentially brought this on herself to conspiracy theories about how the whole thing was staged for a Keeping Up With The Kardashians episode.
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Exploring Poetry Through Open-Ended Questions I Remember: Teaching About the Role of Memory Across the Curriculum Literacy Skills and Strategies Skills and Strategies | Making Inferences Skills and Strategies | Annotating to Engage, Analyze, Connect and Create Skills and Strategies | Fake News vs.
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They should not be allowed to market products to a child based on inferences about the child's behaviors, preferences, beliefs or interests, and they should not be allowed to sell or share a child's personal data to a third party under any circumstances.
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Implicit bias is about assumptions or inferences about behavior — like whether someone is friendly or threatening, caring or indifferent — and we're not usually aware we're even engaging in that type of thinking, University of Oregon law and psychology researcher Erik Girvan explained.
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"This study is cross-sectional, looking at sleep problems at a given point in time, and therefore we cannot make any inferences about whether the differences are actually due to the effect of cannabis," said Kolla, who was not involved in the study.
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Inevitably, he said, artificial intelligence ran up against something called the common-knowledge problem: the vast repository of facts and information that ordinary people possess as though by inheritance, and can draw on to make inferences and navigate their way through the world.
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Here are just a few: Making inferences Close-reading Summarizing Annotating Determining the reliability of sources Sorting fact from opinion Listening and note-taking Revising writing _________ The best way to get teenagers to start reading The Times or any other newspaper regularly?
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For example, they wrote, Cummings didn't acknowledge the agency's rebuttal that those reports merely wove together "a web of innuendos and baseless inferences" or note the fact that DOT's ethics official had said Chao's financial holdings did not present a conflict of interest.
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In seeking to predict what the next wave of sensations is going to tell it—and the next, and the next—the brain is constantly making inferences and updating its beliefs based on what the senses relay back, and trying to minimize prediction-error signals.
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Previously, scientists had to make inferences about the existence of the practice in ancient North America, such as studying depictions of tattooing on figurines and pottery, but "now we have concrete evidence backed with experimental archaeology that tattooing was done back then," he told Gizmodo.
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More importantly—and intriguingly—though, learning to join letters up in a continuous flow across the page improves a child's ability to retain and understand concepts and inferences in a way that printing those letters (and, a fortiori, typing them on a keyboard) does not.
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But they were logical inferences that they were permitted based upon those slim factors to argue ... Justice is always served in a case where the facts are litigated before a jury, the jury looks at the law through their lens and they render a decision.
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The Flow system makes inferences about where people are coming from or going, so planners could tap on a congested road segment and find out what kind of traffic — morning commuters, for example, or weekend traffic to a baseball game — was contributing to the problem.
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" Zito makes some fair inferences about him in that piece, noting, "The fundamental truth is that the Trump voter was still predominantly white, but both male and female, with a salary ranging from middle- to upper-middle-class to well-off and college-educated.
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There are subtle inferences regarding the cats' world around them—whether political (deliberate shots of "Erdo-GONE" graffiti) or emotional (a cat caretaker's admission that their feline friend helped deal with a nervous breakdown)—that quietly paint a rich portrait of a rapidly changing culture.
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But more recently, the FBI teamed up with scientists at the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) to create a system capable of identifying, grouping and making inferences about people based on their tattoos—something the EFF says raises serious First Amendment concerns.
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By knowing a driver's location at all times, even when that driver is not carrying a passenger or using the app, Uber can also make inferences about that driver's behavior, allowing it to discern, for example, if a driver is working for a competing service.
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Jones Day, represented by its own lawyers, said Wednesday in a filing in Washington D.C. federal court that the plaintiffs have made "flawed and flimsy inferences" without conducting a proper investigation into whether the firm had a nationwide practice of suppressing female lawyers' pay.
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Chief Justice Roberts has otherwise been a consistent vote to limit abortion rights, including in Whole Woman's Health, when he joined Justice Samuel Alito's dissent finding that the plaintiffs' claims of dramatically reduced abortion access as a result of the regulations were just "crude inferences".
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But they still just represented three samples from one site on one island, and the objecting reviewers noted that Reich's inferences could have been skewed by what one of them called "bias in the method" — the set of assumptions necessitated by his complex statistical models.
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It also recommended that Congress consider requiring data brokers to clearly disclose the names and categories of sources of their data, and that data brokers disclose that they not only use raw data but also make inferences based on some of the elements of data collected.
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"It is not possible to draw firm causal inferences from the results of observational analyses, but there is little evidence to suggest that extending insurance coverage to all adults would have a large effect on the number of deaths in the United States," the study said.
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Mr. Grosof said he was impressed by Kyndi's work on "new ways of bringing together the two branches of A.I." Kyndi has been able to use very little training data to automate the generation of facts, concepts and inferences, said Ryan Welsh, the start-up's chief executive.
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Is it now fair game to draw moral inferences about a nominee because he went to an elite prep school, or was a member of a rowdy fraternity, or said something mean and dumb in his yearbook, or drank somewhat more than he would like to admit?
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Modeling Activity: Since this lesson asks students to look closely at primary sources to make observations and inferences about the Vietnam War, modeling what this kind of thinking can look like for the whole class can help students work more effectively when they are on their own.
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For example, if you write about 'weight loss' understanding the the context it was written in — for example anorexia, rather than a new cancer drug or the start or a user's running regime — makes a huge difference when you are making inferences about what the user is interested in.
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With more than two billion monthly users, a comprehensive data collection scheme, first-rate data analytics and aspirations to, literally, read our minds, Facebook can not only make inferences about personal details we did not disclose, but also become better familiar with us than we are with ourselves.
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"The fact that plaintiff sought legal counsel in 2011 and spoke about this to others including a news organization -- years before the events of 2016 at issue in this case -- strongly supports the inferences that her core narrative is true," states the filing from Zervos' lawyer Mariann Wang.
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By examining data about the connections you make and content you share, social media companies can make powerful inferences about whether you are likely to vote, how you are likely to vote, and what kinds of news or advertisements might encourage or discourage you to engage as a citizen.
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A.P.: As an attitude rather than a philosophical position, epistemic skepticism consists in always second-guessing your own judgments — about yourself, other people and situations; always monitoring those judgments to make sure you're seeing clearly, have the facts right, aren't making any unfounded inferences or deceiving yourself, etc.
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" Yet, he admits, "When the right of every citizen to a share in the government of society is acknowledged, everyone must be presumed to be able to choose between the various opinions of his contemporaries and to appreciate the different facts from which these inferences to be drawn.
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"I think the way you need to ask about this is, how does it fit into the pattern of behavior by the president because what you're really doing is you're drawing inferences here," she said, and "the record supports the inference" that Trump asked Zelensky for a political favor.
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The core mechanics of the game and my strategy remain the same and I still prefer the heightened risk of Scrabble's challenge system, which rewards and punishes inferences about playable words, but there's lower stakes in Words With Friends and the game feels more inclusive because of it.
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A statement from the family via their lawyer Kirk Pasich says that the family is "disturbed" by inferences that Cornell "knowingly and intentionally" took his own life: Cornell's wife Vicky issued her own statement (emphasis added): Toxicology tests are pending; we will update this post as more information becomes available.
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As well-trained artificial intelligence devices get better at making unsettling inferences about us based on a handful of "likes" or places we've visited, we must recognize that the power to predict and shape our behavior lies less in whether we share our own data and more in whether others do.
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You can draw any number of inferences from this observation, but the most inarguable, in my opinion, is how devastating it is to the conceit that U.S. political dysfunction—embodied most recently in the GOP theft of a Supreme Court seat—should be attributed to both parties in equal measure.
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"Because the probable cause standard at preliminary hearings is low, and because all reasonable inferences are viewed in a light most favorable to the State, the Court finds there is reasonable belief that (Przybycien's) conduct meets the elements of murder," 4th District Judge James Brady wrote in his ruling this week.
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Zervos did not"The fact that plaintiff sought legal counsel in 2011 and spoke about this to others including a news organization — years before the events of 2016 at issue in this case — strongly supports the inferences that her core narrative is true," Zervos' lawyer, Mariann Wang, wrote in the filing.
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We may need to re-think machine intelligence that will be inherently adaptable and evolving, that can understand constructs like causality (not just correlation), temporality, open-ended inferences, axiomatic knowledge, logical reasoning, and common sense; intelligence that can be somewhat predictable, transparent and explainable — and more resilient to adversarial attacks.
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"The fact that plaintiff sought legal counsel in 2011 and spoke about this to others including a news organization — years before the events of 2016 at issue in this case — strongly supports the inferences that her core narrative is true," Zervos' lawyer Mariann Wang claims in the documents, which were filed on Thursday.
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Meanwhile, a research team from the University of Copenhagen argues that any inferences about lifespan potential are premature; a team from the Max Planck Institute claims there's simply no evidence of a "looming limit;" and a team from the University of Groningen offers four cohesive arguments contesting the conclusions drawn by Vijg's team.
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The problem is the adtech industry is not asking internet users for explicit consent to make and share these sensitive inferences — likely because if a pop-up asked you to agree to, for example, your political or sexual preferences being broadcast to hundreds of advertisers you'd be sure to click 'hell no.
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"Not only does the analysis provide more insight into how cholera moves but it also adds samples for others to make inferences so more researchers will be able to study its movement," says Andrew Azman from Johns Hopkins University, who was not involved in the research but studies cholera's epidemiology in East Africa.
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So even while most people do not understand exactly what social media platforms are doing with information collected and inferred about them, once they're asked to think about the issue most believe it would be easy for tech firms to join data dots around their social activity and make sensitive inferences about them.
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" Here's what Starr actually said: "The evidence, whether it's circumstantial or direct -- and I think it's virtually entirely circumstantial -- has to be overwhelming; not just beyond a reasonable doubt, overwhelming to the American people who aren't sitting in a courtroom and listening to every witness testify and drawing inferences and so forth.
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Sure, Facebook might delete a web log of the sites you visited — like a gambling site or a health clinic — when you hit the button but that does not mean it's going to remove all the inferences it's gleaned from that data (and added to the unseen profile it holds of you and uses for ad targeting purposes).
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"If someone who knows they are under investigation destroyed notes and material that they should realize may be sought for an investigation, that person could worsen their own position by giving rise to inferences against themselves, or in an extreme case, could raise the possibility of obstruction of justice," said Paul Rothstein, a professor at Georgetown Law School.
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"As part of a process we use to try and serve more relevant advertising on Twitter and other services since September 2018, we may have shown you ads based on inferences we made about the devices you use, even if you did not give us permission to do so," it how Twitter explains this second 'issue'.
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Combined with personal data Facebook also holds on people, and contextual data on the nature of the location itself — a bar, say, or a house — there's a clear path for the company to make inferences about the nature of the relationship between the people who it's repurposed short range wireless tech to determine are in close contact.
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Meanwhile, Mr. Darwin, as the fruit of a quarter of a century of patient observation and experiment, throws out, in a book whose title at least has by this time become familiar to the reading public, a series of arguments and inferences so revolutionary as, if established, to necessitate a radical reconstruction of the fundamental doctrines of natural history.
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During a hearing in front of the UK's DCMS committee yesterday, the UK's information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, also raised concerns about the use of so-called 'lookalike audiences' for targeting voters on Facebook — saying a system that makes inferences in order to target people with political ads needs to be looked at closely in light of Europe's new GDPR privacy framework.
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"The causes of and remedies for what is called poor reproducibility, in any scientific field, require a clear specification of the kind of reproducibility being discussed (methods, results, or inferences), a proper understanding of how it affects knowledge claims, scientific investigation of its causes, and an improved understanding of the limitations of statistical significance as a criterion for claims," the Stanford group wrote in Science Translational Medicine.
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" This includes a host of information that typically don't raise red flags but which when combined with other data can triangulate to a specific individual like biometric data, browsing history, employment and education data, as well as inferences drawn from any of the relevant information to create a profile "reflecting the consumer's preferences, characteristics, psychological trends, preferences, predispositions, behavior, attitudes, intelligence, abilities and aptitudes.
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Voters, political scientists Donald Kinder and Nathan Kalmoe concluded, are not ideological and do not have stable political beliefs; they tend to take their cues from elites rather than vice versa, Gabriel Lenz found; they make irrational inferences about candidates based on economic conditions those candidates have no control over and vote on irrelevant factors like shark attacks, Larry Bartels and Christopher Achen argued (to some pushback).
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And then we get to compare that in 22018, to gee, what do you know, people&aposs houses are being searched at six in the morning, everyone&aposs being charged with false statements without they were materials to any given crime and so I think the second report could be a big deal because it could fill in these gaps, at least allow us to draw some inferences.
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The difficulty, though, is that someone observing the judge's action — the reasonable person whose inferences matter when the "appearance of impartiality" standard is applied — can't tell the difference between a decision to overrule Roe because the decision was not firmly rooted in the relevant purely legal materials, and a decision to do so because any other course would amount to material cooperation with evil, from the judge's perspective.
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They also found they could draw even more highly sensitive inferences from metadata — connecting the dots from a series of phone calls to infer that one participant might have multiple sclerosis, for example, and that another might have a specific heart condition, and that a third may be involved with growing cannabis, and that a fourth might own a semiautomatic rifle, and that a fifth might be pregnant.
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Jokes draw together strangers; wordplay and double meanings proliferate, whether they're riffs on the sinister inferences behind notions of whiteness and blackness (slippery Samuel is known as the "White Sultan") or explorations of the relationship between language and identity, as when Samuel switches to the old Arabic his father taught him to win over a tribal chief or flicks to Lebanese Arabic to induce trust with itinerant traders.
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One of the officials, in a diplomatic cable released by WikiLeaks, wrote that Nimr had downplayed violence but nonetheless implied support for it: Al-Nimr's private remarks were consistent with his previous public statements in their disregard for the [Saudi government], their support of foreign intervention on behalf of the Saudi Shi'a, and their inferences that the Sheikh at the very least will not denounce the idea of violent uprising.
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And while the platform offers some constraints on how advertisers can target people against sensitive interests — not allowing advertisers to exclude users based on a specific sensitive interest, for example (Facebook having previously run into trouble in the US for enabling discrimination via ethnic affinity-based targeting) — such controls are beside the point if you take the view that Facebook is legally required to ask for a user's explicit consent to processing this kind of sensitive data up front, before making any inferences about a person.
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This type of creepy ad targeting — based on so-called 'inferences' — is made possible because Twitter associates the devices you use (including mobile and browsers) when you're logged in to its service with your Twitter account, and then receives information linked to these same device identifiers (IP addresses and potentially browser fingerprinting) back from its ad partners, likely gathered via tracking cookies (including Twitter's own social plug-ins) which are larded all over the mainstream Internet for the purpose of tracking what you look at online.
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