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502 Sentences With "indigenously"

How to use indigenously in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "indigenously" and check conjugation/comparative form for "indigenously". Mastering all the usages of "indigenously" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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"Before the end of President Trump's current term, the North Koreans will probably be able to reach Seattle with an indigenously produced nuclear weapon aboard an indigenously produced intercontinental ballistic missile," said Hayden.
It is also trying to build its second carrier indigenously.
The Shandong is an indigenously produced variation of its predecessor.
Those skills will help in the eventual deployment of indigenously designed carriers.
The satellite was launched on Thursday through an indigenously developed launch vehicle.
Technical clearance for indigenously developed GM mustard seeds was given on Aug.
China has commissioned its first indigenously produced aircraft carrier into service with the People&aposs Liberation Army Navy.
As opportunities for collaboration were reduced to a trickle, China doubled down on efforts to develop space technology indigenously.
"This is the first public appearance of China's indigenously manufactured new generation stealth fighter jet," the air force said.
"Before the end of President Trump's current term, the North Koreans will probably be able to reach Seattle with an indigenously produced nuclear weapon aboard an indigenously produced intercontinental ballistic missile," Michael Hayden, who served as the director of the CIA between 2006 to 2009, said Tuesday while speaking at Johns Hopkins University.
None of these, of course, are indigenously German, but even the savory German offerings, should you find them, are discouraging.
The J-15 will likely continue to serve aboard China's first indigenously-produced carrier, a still unnamed vessel similar to its predecessor.
In short, Iran now has technological know-how and capabilities that would have taken years and billions of dollars to develop indigenously.
The Houthis say they developed the Quds-1 indigenously, and they've launched cruise missiles at Saudi Arabia before, including at an airport.
Indigenously manufactured Indian Air Force Dhruv helicopters fly over flags of participating countries at the opening ceremony of Aero India 2017 in Bangalore.
The second carrier, currently unnamed, will be China's first indigenously produced aircraft carrier, although it is essentially a slightly improved derivative of its predecessor.
The Agni-V is an advanced version of the indigenously built Agni, or Fire, series, part of a program that started in the 1980s.
The shift coincides with a broader government-led push in China's high-tech sector to develop core technologies indigenously rather than relying on foreign companies.
BEIJING (Reuters) - China unveiled an indigenously developed attack helicopter on Thursday as it eyes a lucrative export market and ramps up an ambitious modernization program.
Dave had been due to take a final call on an application for an indigenously developed GM crop of mustard, which is similar to rapeseed.
Iran says the Kowsar is "100-percent indigenously made" and able to carry various weapons and is to be used for short aerial support missions.
The engine was ignited at Kim's command and released a fiery blast, and the test showed the indigenously designed rocket fulfilled all required conditions, KCNA said.
The restrictions placed on Uighur are not generally applied to members of other religions, especially those seen as indigenously Chinese, such as (accurately) Daoism and (inaccurately) Buddhism.
A second, indigenously designed one, based on the Liaoning but with the latest radar and space for more aircraft, is nearing completion at the northern port of Dalian.
Indigenously manufactured Indian Air Force Dhruv helicopter flies over U.S. Air Force transport aircraft on the second day of Aero India 2017 at Yelahanka air base in Bangalore.
China's first indigenously-built icebreaker, Snow Dragon 2, launched in December and will operate alongside its namesake, built by Ukraine for Beijing and put in service in 1994.
South Korea suffered an embarrassing failure of one of its indigenously developed missiles Friday, raising questions about whether it's prepared for a conflict with nuclear-armed North Korea.
The creation of the second, China-controlled joint venture allowed the parties to claim that the resulting product was indigenously developed in China, a key goal of the Chinese government.
The engine was ignited at Kim's command and released a fiery blast, and the test showed the indigenously designed rocket fulfilled all required conditions, the North's official KCNA news agency said.
With the change, Indigenous people who search for their homes and territories will be able to see borders and overlays of the large parts of the country which are Indigenously administered.
The engine was ignited at Kim's command and released a fiery blast, and the test showed the indigenously-designed rocket fulfilled all required conditions, the North's official KCNA news agency said.
"The incident was conceived, planned and executed indigenously," said a statement issued following a meeting of Pakistan's National Security Committee, which added Pakistan was "not involved in any way, means or form".
The companies will use the indigenously developed resource of zeros and ones (the Arabs got their numerals from India, after all), package them into new services and products, and sell them back.
The first requirement would be to suppress North Korea's surprisingly lethal integrated air-defence system, which fields, along with Soviet-era surface-to-air missiles, the indigenously produced and highly capable KN-06.
India used an indigenously developed ballistic missile interceptor to destroy one of its own satellites at a height of 300 km (186 miles), in a test aimed at boosting its defenses in space.
"Lockheed Martin has a very long history of developing new fighter aircraft, both indigenously and as a foreign partnership that incorporates leading edge technology to address emerging threats," a spokesman said in an email.
Both the toilets and the app have been developed indigenously by Eram Scientific Solution, an Indian social enterprise that has already installed over 1,600 eToilets in private buildings and schools across 18 Indian states.
They've already got it Michael Hayden, the former head of the CIA, has predicted that North Korea will probably be able to hit Seattle with a nuclear weapon aboard an indigenously produced intercontinental ballistic missile.
What Iran billed as a "20183% indigenously made" fourth-generation fighter with "advanced avionics" immediately registered with aviation experts as a knockoff of the F-5 Tiger, a US jet that first flew in 1959.
Ms. Ellis is a fan of checking out local farmers' markets when she travels because they often sell indigenously grown flowers and plants that are far less cultivated than ones produced on a larger scale.
It now appears that Mr. Kim had several missile programs underway simultaneously, and sped efforts to make parts and missile fuel indigenously, so that the United States and its allies could not cut off his supplies.
Once reliant on imports and reverse engineering of Russian combat aircraft and associated technologies in the early 1990s, the PLAAF has more recently transitioned to a phase where indigenously developed systems are entering service at an extraordinary rate.
"I really do think it is very likely that by the end of Mr. Trump's first term, the North Koreans will be able to reach Seattle with a nuclear weapon onboard an indigenously produced intercontinental ballistic missile," Gen.
Those who supported the withdrawal cited the sunset clause that, after 15 years, would permit Iran to enrich an unlimited amount of uranium, to include weapons-grade highly enriched uranium, using upgraded, modern centrifuges indigenously produced in Iran.
The hydrogen bomb's power is adjustable to hundreds of kilotons and can be detonated at high altitudes, with its indigenously produced components allowing the country to build as many nuclear weapons as it wants, the North's official KCNA news agency said.
And in fact, a healthy generational response grew up indigenously: The younger siblings and children of the crack generation—far from becoming the crack-fueled "super-predators" politicians had predicted—mainly turned to a different, and far more benign drug.
The comments came a day after India said it used an indigenously developed ballistic missile interceptor to destroy one of its own satellites at a height of 300 km (186 miles), in a test aimed at boosting its defenses in space.
BENGALURU/NEW DELHI (Reuters) - India's navy is in the hunt for a new foreign fighter jet after rejecting an indigenously made aircraft as too heavy, the latest sign of the struggle to get Asian militaries to buy locally to grow their defense industries.
Earlier on Tuesday Rouhani attended a ceremony, broadcast by state TV, that included the fly-past of a new fighter jet called Kowsar, which Iran says is "100-percent indigenously made" and able to carry various weapons and to be used for short aerial support missions.
"All components of the H-bomb were 100 percent homemade and all the processes ranging from the production of weapons-grade nuclear materials to precision processing of components and their assembling were indigenously developed, thus enabling the country to produce powerful nuclear weapons as many as it wants," the report said.
Moon made the comments during a visit to the state-run Agency for Defense Development, where he watched a test-firing of an indigenously developed ballistic missile, hours after U.S. officials said North Korea has carried out a test of a rocket engine that they believe could be for an intercontinental ballistic missile.
"Today Visa and Mastercard are losing market share in India to indigenously developed payment system of UPI and RUPAY Card, whose share have reached 65 percent of the payments done through debit and credit cards," Jaitley said in a Facebook post here about the various results of the note scrapping exercise, known as demonetization.
First came the cities of the Iraqi south that Saddam Hussein kept cowed and squalid, the holy shrine cities of Najaf and Karbala, through to the Iranian province of Khuzestan, which saw the bloodiest fighting of the Iran-Iraq war, an indigenously Arab region where mourning congregations chant in Arabic, and whose inclusion in this spectacle of transnational identity and power has clear unifying purpose.
This is a list of all the aircraft either partially or fully indigenously developed by Pakistan.
These versions were the first indigenously developed Taiwanese cars and were even exported in small numbers.
The Singapore Assault Rifle 80 (SAR 80) is an indigenously built, conventional assault rifle from Singapore.
Emergency purchases also included DRDO Smart Anti Airfield Weapons under the Indigenously Designed Developed and Manufactured (IDDM) category.
Most of the Indian naval ships and submarines, military armoured vehicles, missiles, and ammunition are indigenously designed and manufactured.
Currently, there is uncertainty as to how Minyan Ware arrived in central Greece or how it was indigenously developed.
The culture of Mauritius involves the blending of several cultures from its history, as well as individual culture arising indigenously.
The Madurese janggolan is a type of indigenously constructed boat, meanwhile Balinese janggolan is an indigenous boat with western-styled hull construction.
In 1960s, he indigenously designed the PURNIMA reactor and headed the team that successfully commissioned the reactor on 18 May 1972 at BARC.
Most of the unmanned helicopters of the Sky Wing series utilizes commercial off-the-shelf airframes, but the flight control system are indigenously developed.
Panchendriya has been inducted into the Foxtrot submarines, the , the and as part of their upgrade. It is also part of the indigenously developed .
Shantha Biotechnics Ltd made the country's first indigenously developed recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. The vaccine, Shanvac-B, was launched in the country in 1997.
Formosat-5 () is an Earth observation satellite operated by the National Space Organization (NSPO) of Taiwan. It is NSPO's first indigenously developed remote sensing satellite.
China launched its first Long March-2E carrier rocket on 16 July 1990, sending into orbit Pakistan's first indigenously developed Badr-1 satellite and HS-601.
On 18 October 2010 a biotechnology firm announced the launch of India's first indigenously developed cell culture H1N1 Swine Flu Vaccine under the brand name HNVAC.
Garuthmaa & Garudaa are DRDO's 1000 kg Glide Bombs. These are India's first indigenously designed glide bomb with a range of 30 km (Garudaa) to 100 km (Garuthmaa).
South Africa has signed the NPT, and now holds the distinction of being the only known state to have indigenously produced nuclear weapons, and then verifiably dismantled them.
Designed by ARDE in 1972, the 105 mm Indian Field Gun was India's first indigenously designed artillery piece and became the mainstay of the army's field artillery after being introduced.
Various components and avionics systems are intended to be replaced with indigenously-produced systems as they are developed."Turkey Finally Lands Its Attack Helicopters." Defense Industry Daily, 19 February 2014.
The Indian Air Force is the fourth largest air force in the world. India recently inducted its second indigenously manufactured combat aircraft. India is also developing the fifth generation stealth aircraft.
Kisan Kanya was a 1937 Hindi Cinecolor feature film which was directed by Moti B. Gidwani and produced by Ardeshir Irani of Imperial Pictures. It is largely remembered by the Indian public on account of it being India's first indigenously made colour film. V. Shantaram had earlier produced a Marathi film Sairandhri (1933) which had scenes in color. However, the film was processed and printed in Germany Kisan Kanya was, therefore, India's first indigenously made color film.
The PARR-II Reactor is an indigenously designed and constructed reactor owned by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission. The PARR-II Reactor's design is similar to Miniature neutron source reactor (MNSR) and SLOWPOKE reactor. The reactor was indigenously designed by the PAEC as the chairman Munir Ahmad Khan and his team of engineers and scientists also led the construction of the reactor. The PARR-II Reactor had gone critical and began operating on 21 January 1974.
MPL markets its Polyols with isocyanates sourced indigenously as well as imported from Japan and China and the pre-polymers produced at MPL in meeting the demand of polyurethane industry in India.
The missile was launched from a land-based facility in Odisha. This is the second test-firing of the extended range version of the missile which has an indigenously developed airframe and booster.
The Home Guard is equipped with and trained to use older weapons such as the .303 Lee–Enfield SMLE rifle, Sten and Bren guns which are manufactured indigenously by the Indian Ordnance Factories.
One of the major attractions to the town is the Yam Festival, indigenously called “Tegadudu” in the Ewe language. The festival is popularly celebrated to appreciate the toils of farmers all year round.
Recently and remarkably, a cluster of four indigenously acquired cases of histoplasmosis was shown to be associated with a golf course in suburban Edmonton, Alberta. Examination suggested that local soil was the source.
Based on the experience, Blue Sky has begun to develop its own UAVs by integrating commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) airframes with indigenously developed flight control systems for most UAVs of its own brand.
Serving as the service's primary trainer platform, the Tutor would be operated as such for over thirty years."CT-114 Tutor." airforce.forces.gc.ca, Retrieved: 31 May 2019. Another indigenously- developed design was the CL-215 amphibian.
All BHEL built WAG-7s have Tiger Face livery. Now, even some older WAG-7s are repainted with yellow stripe on blue livery. It is also the most powerful indigenously designed freight-dedicated locomotive in India.
Some inland dialects indigenously characterized as Ewedomegbe include: Ho, Kpedze, Hohoe, Peki, Kpando, Aveme, Liati, Fódome, Danyi, and Kpele. Though there are many classifications, distinct variations exist between towns that are just miles away from one another.
All the equipment including the uniforms, weapons, ammunition, vehicles such as the bullet proof vehicles, troop carriers, logistics vehicles, mine protected vehicles are manufactured indigenously at the Indian Ordnance Factories under control of the Ordnance Factories Board.
Panchendriya is a sonar suite that has been developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation, India for the submarines of the Indian Navy. It has been described as India's "first indigenously developed sonar system for submarines".
Adam Motor Company, Ltd. was an automobile manufacturer based in Karachi, Pakistan. They were notable for producing the Revo, which was Pakistan's first indigenously designed car. Production ceased in 2006 and their assets were put up for sale.
The vessels are also fitted with two chaff/flare launchers, featuring long and medium range deceiver chaff. Features two Graesby G738 Towed Torpedo Decoy systems or the indigenously developed BEL Towed Torpedo Decoy. The 'Super Barricade' chaff launcher is also installed.
The was the first indigenously produced Japanese service rifle adopted in 1880 as the Meiji Type 13 Murata single-shot rifle. The 13 referred to the adoption date, the year 13 in the Meiji period according to the Japanese calendar.
The FARA 83 (; "Argentine Republic Automatic Rifle") or FAA 81, "Argentine Automatic Rifle" () was a rifle locally designed and developed for the Argentine Army in the 1980s. It is one of the first indigenously designed assault rifles in the continent.
It contained various folkloric and regional styles which had evolved indigenously without outside influence. These styles include Qataghani, Logari, Qarsak etc. which are specific to a region & linguistic group in Afghanistan. Some prominent artists in this category were Hamahang, Beltoon etc.
The experience gained from YJ-91 also helped the engine development of another supersonic missile indigenously developed in China, YJ-12, which is sometimes confused by non-Chinese sources with the YJ-91, as both share the same origin for their propulsion systems.
In the Somali people's customary law, which they call Xeer (a polycentric legal system developed indigenously), blood money is issued in the event of libel, theft, physical harm, rape and death, as well as to supply assistance to relatives of the injured party.
This was Naspers, which is headquartered in Cape Town, a city that also hosts many other smaller platform companies. A survey focused on smaller platforms based in Africa found few are either wholly foreign or indigenously owned, with most being a mixture.
JF-D10 is an unmanned helicopter developed by JFC, and it is in conventional helicopter layout with a pair of skids as landing gear. JF-D10 utilizes commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) airframe, integrated with flight control system (FCS) indigenously developed by JFC.
Blackhead Point (), also known as Tai Pau Mai () indigenously, or by the names Tsim Sha Tsui Point and Signal Hill (), was a cape before any land reclamation took place in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It currently remains a small hill near the coast.
N. Valarmathi () is an Indian scientist and project director of RISAT-1, India's first indigenously-developed Radar Imaging Satellite. She is the first person to receive Abdul Kalam Award, instituted by Government of Tamil Nadu in honour of the former president Abdul Kalam in 2015.
The Tsaigumi UAV is an unmanned aerial vehicle designed and used by the Nigerian Air Force. It is one of the first UAVs indigenously developed in Nigeria. This is in furtherance of the ongoing drive to produce and incorporate made-in-Nigeria military weapons.
In terms of location, Slavic microlanguages exist in both predominantly Slavic and non-Slavic areas, earning some the designation of linguistic "islands" resulting from a past migration, whereas others exist indigenously, having never been entirely separated from their genetic and geographic points of origin.
The Ghaznavi program contract was awarded to NDC. The Pakistan military officials consistently maintained that the Ghaznavi program is locally designed and indigenously built. In 1995, its engine was successfully tested and was said to be a "major break-through in missile development in Pakistan".
Türksat 6A is a Turkish communications satellite under construction, which will be developed and produced indigenously to be operated by Türksat. This satellite will be Turkey's first fully domestically-produced communications satellite, and is expected to be completed by 2020 and launched in 2022.
The GSAT satellites are India's indigenously developed communications satellites, used for digital audio, data and video broadcasting for both military and civilian users. As of November 2018, 19 GSAT satellites of ISRO have been launched out of which 15 satellites are currently in service.
Further optimisations were carried out to utilise the excess thermal margins and the 540 MW PHWR design was modified to that of 700 MW capacity without much design changes. Almost 100% of the components of these indigenously designed reactors are manufactured by the Indian industry.
Built by Goa Shipyard Limited and commissioned into the Naval service at Visakhapatnam under the command of Captain S.S. Karnik in 2001, Darshak is the Indian Navy's eighth hydrographic survey ship to have been indigenously designed and constructed. Incidentally, the first indigenously built survey ship of the Navy, inducted in 1964 and decommissioned in 1990, was also named INS Darshak. The new Darshak is equipped with a range of surveying, navigational and communication systems. The next-generation surveying systems provided onboard include the multi-beam swath echo sounding system, differential global positioning system, motion sensors, sea gravimeter, magnetometer oceanographic sensors, side scan sonars and an automated data logging system.
The indigenously manufactured weapons helped the Algerian military in combating the Islamists around the country, contributing to the government's victory in 2002. Algeria exports its indigenously manufactured weapons to Tunisia, Mali, Niger, Libya, Mauritania and several other African as well as Arab states in the Middle East. Since 2017 the "Société Algérienne de Fabrication de Véhicules de Marque Mercedes Benz" (SAFAV-MB) supplied the Algerian armed and security forces with several types of Mercedes-Benz vehicles like the Mercedes-Benz Unimog, Zetros, Sprinter, Actros, G-class... Moreover all of this vehicles were created in algeria with the vehicles of the "Société Nationale des Véhicules Industrielles" (SNVI).
GSAT-7A weighing was successfully launched on 19 December 2018 by GSLV Mk II F11 rocket from Second Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre. This three-stage launch vehicle 51 meters tall, has a lift-off mass of about 421 tonnes and indigenously developed cryogenic stage.
Domestic Chinese electronic warfare systems including BM/KG300G and KZ900 can also be carried after modification of onboard system, but such modification was neither part of the original deal nor the upgrade deal with Russians, instead, this was implemented indigenously by Chinese themselves during the incremental upgrades.
Later the Company entered into a fresh collaboration agreement for 5 years with them for the manufacture of Borg & Beck clutches and Lockheed hydraulic brakes on revised terms and conditions. API also indigenously developed Brake linings and Brake fluids for various other Indian Automobiles including Maruti Udyog.
It is the 17th satellite developed by the China Academy of Space Technology for an overseas buyer, while PakTES-1A is an experimental satellite of Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission. It was indigenously designed and solely developed by SUPARCO, and is primarily aimed at remote sensing.
Kavaratti is to be armed with a range of indigenously developed cutting-edge weapons and sensors, including "a medium-range gun, torpedo tube launchers, rocket launchers and a close-in weapon system". The ship will also contain an integrated communication system and an electronic warfare system.
BJT Tech hexacopter is a multirotor utilizes COTS airframe and a pair of skids as landing gear. The COTS airframe is integrated with domestic Chinese mission control system (MCS) indigenously developed by BJT Tech for various missions such as advertising, inspection, survey, surveillance, rescue, meteorology, and geodesy.
Kei Ling Ha is located at the coastal area near Sai Sha Road, at the junction of Ma On Shan Country Park and Sai Kung West Country Park. It is located in the innermost shore of Three Fathoms Cove which known as Kei Ling Ha Hoi indigenously.
Ewe dialects vary. Groups of villages that are two or three kilometres apart use distinct varieties. Nevertheless, across the Ewe-speaking area, the dialects may be broadly grouped geographically into coastal or southern dialects, e.g., Aŋlɔ, Tɔŋú Avenor, Watsyi and inland dialects characterised indigenously as Ewedomegbe, e.g.
Model of the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant Darkhovin Nuclear Power Plant is Iran's first indigenously designed and built power plant besides the research reactor of IR-40. Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant is Iran's first nuclear power plant and it has been manufactured with the technical assistance of Russia.
China Star China Star in China Railway Museum China Star (Simp. Chinese: 中华之星, a.k.a. DJJ2) is an indigenously designed experimental high speed train manufactured in China. It is an EMU train developed from the DJJ1 "Blue Arrow" high speed train by Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works.
Little is known about Shahab-3C and Shahab-3D. From what can be gathered, the missiles have an improved precision, navigation system, and a longer range. The missiles were indigenously developed, and are being mass-produced. Iran had in 2008 a production capacity of 70 units per year.
As a part of the deal with AgustaWestland, Turkish defense firm TAI acquired the rights for future manufacturing of the T129; TAI intends to produce the T129 for export customers. Various components and avionics systems are intended to be replaced with indigenously-produced systems as they are developed.
Umuahia () is the capital city of Abia State in southeastern Nigeria. Umuahia is located along the rail road that lies between Port Harcourt to its south and Enugu city to its north. Umuahia has a population of 359,230 according to the 2006 Nigerian census. Umuahia is indigenously Igbo.
These are umbrella terms that would include populations whose self-designation was a variety of tribal names, although Strabo asserts that Mauri was also used indigenously. The Libu of ancient Egyptian sources, eponymous of the name Libya may also have been an early Berber or Proto-Berber population.
The s are a variant of the Type 209 diesel-electric submarine designed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft. Two vessels of this class were constructed at MDL. These were the first two indigenously built submarines in India. was commissioned on 7 February 1992 and was commissioned on 28 May 1994.
SLA UAVs are Chinese UAVs developed by Lanzhou Shenlong (meaning Divine Dragon) Aviation Technology Co., Ltd. (SLA 兰州神龙航空科技有限公司), most of which are integrating commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) airframe with flight control systems indigenously developed by SLA itself.
J-201 missile, and its predecessor (265-I missile) and successor (J-202 missile) are members of a family of antitank missile (ATM) developed by the People's Republic of China. This is the first family of ATM in Chinese service, and also the first indigenously developed Chinese ATM.
QF-260-2 replaced the imported autopilot and FCS with their respective domestic Chinese counterparts, and in QF-260-3, the COTS airframe is replaced by the one indigenously produced in China. QF-260 series has been superseded by more advanced version of unmanned helicopters but still in service.
In response, multiple proposals were received from various manufacturers. The British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) decided to offer two designs; the BAC.222, which was a localised development of the American Lockheed Hercules, and the indigenously-developed BAC.208, which would have been furnished with deflected-thrust engines and multiple lift fans.
At one stage Frost, along with Avro's Chief Aerodynamacist Jim Chamberlin, extensively reworked the original design of the fuselage. On 17 May 1949, in response to the programme's progress, an additional agreement was reached to produce ten pre-production fighters along with 30 Avro Orendas, an indigenously-developed turbojet engine.
With a star studded panel from Malayalam cinema, Padayottam was a wide canvas film produced by Navodaya Appachan. The story was inspired from the novel The Count of Monte Cristo. It was the first indigenously shot 70mm film in India. In 1984, he directed My Dear Kuttichathan, India's first 3D film.
Duckling Hill, also known as Ap Tsai Shan () indigenously, is a hill in the area of Tseung Kwan O, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is metres tall. The neighbourhoods of Hang Hau and Po Lam are adjacent to this hill. There is an outlook area not far from the summit.
AT the Delhi Auto Expo 2016, the company showcased its first indigenously produced Euro 6 truck 4940. The truck is powered by the company's flagship range of engine, Neptune, which is an 8l engine that produces 400 hp and 1600Nm of torque. The truck is designed to meet Euro 6 norms.
This cloth consists in length three to four feet and breadth is one foot. The other name of this cloth is Fhak-chak. 7\. Buk-chil or Bak-chali: It is a short sleeved shirt made indigenously. 8\. Pachar or Pachra: This cloth is used in the winter season as a wrapper.
The list of Akan people includes notable individuals of Akan meta-ethnicity and ancestry; the Akan people who are also referred to as () are a meta- ethnicity and Potou–Tano Kwa ethno-linguistic group that are indigenously located on the Ashantiland peninsula near the equator precisely at the "centre of the Earth".
White Ladies, indigenously known as kaperosa, are popular ghost story topics in the Philippines. White Ladies are often used to convey horror and mystery to young children for storytelling. Sightings of White Ladies are common around the country. The most prominent one is the White Lady of Balete Drive in Quezon City.
Shén qì pu (神器譜). 1598. Like all early breech loading fireams, gas leakage was a limitation and danger present in the weapon's mechanism. The zi mu chong is also a breech loading musket, the earliest breech-loader musket known. It was indigenously developed in China in the late 16th century.
Launched on 5 June 2017, GSAT-19 is a communication satellite testbed for the modular I-6K satellite bus, carrying experimental technologies such as ion thrusters for manoeuvring and stabilisation, active thermal control using thermal radiators, a miniaturised inertial reference unit, indigenously produced lithium-ion batteries, and C-band traveling-wave-tube amplifiers.
Its flight system is based on gliding, by using the bomb's inertia. By using this bomb a pilot can hit their target without entering an enemy's territory. The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) successfully test-fired indigenously developed extended range "smart weapon" from JF-17 multi-role fighter aircraft on 12 March 2019.
The technical director of Badr-1 was dr. Salim Mehmud, Director of SUPARCO and the project was overseen by Dr. Muhammad Riaz Suddle, who served as its project manager. The satellite was slightly bigger than Soviet Sputnik 1 satellite in size. The Badr-1 was an indigenously built and developed satellite of Pakistan.
INSAT-1B India's first satellite, the Aryabhata, was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar using a Cosmos-3M launch vehicle. This was followed by the Rohini series of experimental satellites, which were built and launched indigenously. At present, ISRO operates a large number of Earth observation satellites.
It is designed to increase the kill efficiency along with a higher range performance. Agni IV is equipped with state-of-the- art technologies, that includes indigenously developed ring laser gyro and composite rocket motor. It is a two-stage missile powered by solid propellant. Its length is 20 meters and launch weight 17 tonnes.
The waterfall is a mystic place featuring lush green pastures, fresh gurgling streams, towering rocky mountains of Karakorum and indigenously designed restaurants and much more. The main highlight of the restaurant is the local trout fish, apart from the waterfall another worthy feat is the fish farm where trout fishes are kept for the sightseers.
The Turkish Army uses a locally built version by Makina ve Kimya Endustrisi Kurumu, called HAR-66 (Hafif Antitank Roketi, Light Antitank Rocket), which has the performance and characteristics of a mix of M72A2 and A3. Turkey also indigenously developed an anti-personnel warhead version of HAR-66 AP and called it "Eşek Arısı" (Wasp).
Pakistan Technology Evaluation Satellite (PakTES-1A) is an indigenously developed remote sensing of Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission. It was developed by SUPARCO while payload manufacturing was subconracted to South Africa's Space Advisory Company. It has 300 Kilogram Mass. It was launched on board a Chinese Long March 2C rocket on 9 July 2018.
Padayottam was a big-budget film with a production cost of 1 crore when an the average cost for a Malayalam film was 15 lakh at the time, making it the most-expensive Malayalam film made until then. It was also the first Indian film to be indigenously made in 70 mm film format.
On 10 August 1966, following the war, the regiment was the first in the military to receive the Vijayanta main battle tanks (produced under license from the Vickers MBT), the first indigenously built Indian tanks. The regiment is currently equipped with Soviet Union-era T-72 tanks. The regiment is one of the most decorated regiments on the subcontinent.
Sudarshan Laser guided bomb India's first laser-guided bomb, Sudarshan is the latest weapon system developed indigenously to occupy the niche of a precision delivery mechanism. It can be fitted to a 450 kilograms (990 lb) gravity bomb and can guide it to the target using lasers with a CEP (Circular Error Probability) of 10 metres.
Much of the equipment for the Mumbai Police are manufactured indigenously by the Indian Ordnance Factories controlled by the Ordnance Factories Board, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. Weapons such as Glock Pistols are imported from Austria. These pistols were first imported for the Anti-terrorist Squad in Mumbai when the same was formed in 2004.
To develop new and renewable energy technologies, processes, materials, components, sub-systems, products & services at par with international specifications, standards and performance parameters in order to make the country a net foreign exchange earner in the sector and deploy such indigenously developed and/or manufactured products and services in furtherance of the national goal of energy security.
The RX-420 was entirely built using local materials. LAPAN carried out a stationary test on RX-420 on 23 December 2008 in Tarogong, West Java. The RX-420 missile was tested at the launching station Cilauteureun, Pameungpeuk District, Garut regency, West Java. The LAPAN RX-420 is the test bed for the entirely indigenously developed satellite launch vehicle.
Mahindra Susten has developed products aimed at increasing the efficiency and throughputs of Solar PV plants across all scales. The MSAT100 is an indigenously designed & developed tracker which can help to substantially increase the generation potential of any solar setup. The company has supplied 500+ trackers & installed 226.04+MW tracker at sites in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana& Thailand.
Until 1997, INS Vikrant was the flagship of Eastern Fleet. After her de-commissioning in 1997, the Eastern Fleet has been without an aircraft carrier. Its aircraft carrier capability will get restored after first indigenously built aircraft carrier INS Vikrant (2013) joins the Eastern Fleet by 2023 after completing extensive sea trials and is likely to based in Vishakapatnam.
The Chang Feng, or Long Wind is a turbojet powered land-attack cruise missile, indigenously developed by China. It is the first domestically produced Chinese land-attack cruise missile, and it is the first land-attack cruise missile to enter service with the People's Liberation Army. There are two variants the Chang Feng 1 and the Chang Feng 2.
TurkSat-3USat is packed in a three-unit CubeSat structure made by Innovative Solutions In Space BV (ISIS) from Delft, Netherlands. It is wide and long, and has a mass of about . The satellite's payload, a linear transponder and on-board computer, were designed in the RF Electronic Laboratory of ITU. It is Turkey's first indigenously developed satellite.
Meanwhile, the British Indian administrators had started using the term "Nepal" to refer to the Gorkha kingdom. In the 1930s, Nepal government also adopted this term fully. Subsequently, the Khas language came to be known as "Nepali language". Nepali is spoken indigenously over most of Nepal west of the Gandaki River, then progressively less further to the east.
In 2011–2012, another two UAV squadrons—INAS 343 and INAS 344—were commissioned. In 2013, a fighter plane and a multirole helicopter squadron—INAS 303 and INAS 322—were commissioned with MiG-29Ks and HAL Dhruvs. INAS 322 commissioned on 12 November 2013, equipped with the indigenously developed Dhruv helicopters, and is youngest Indian naval air squadron.
There are special clothes for the monks which must be of yellow colour. It was reported that previously when the marketing centers were not easily accessible, the people prepared all their dyes indigenously. The yellow colour was prepared from the yellowish kernel of the Jackfruit tree. The monks wear four kinds of cloths viz; main cloth i.e.
70 kg class UAV is an unmanned helicopter developed by Blue Sky by integrating COTS airframe with flight control system indigenously developed by Blue Sky. 70 kg class UAV adopts liquid-cooled engine instead of air-cooled engine adopted in most Chinese UAVs, and it is in conventional helicopter layout with a pair of skids as landing gear system.
The RX-420 was entirely built using local materials. LAPAN carried out a stationary test on RX-420 on 23 December 2008 in Tarogong, West Java. The RX-420 missile was tested at the launching station Cilauteureun, Pameungpeuk District, Garut regency, West Java. The LAPAN RX-420 is the test bed for the entirely indigenously developed satellite launch vehicle.
First flying on January 1953, the Djinn proved itself to be a viable design; after several further prototypes were completed and tested, the type went into mass production.McGowen 2005, p. 74. The Djinn was the first indigenously developed French helicopter, as well as being one of the first practical European helicopters to be produced.Boyne 2011, pp. 73–74.
There are two configurations of the flight instrumentation for Z-10, one developed from similar foreign system (rumored to be French), and the other one is indigenously developed, and both configurations share the same holographic head-up display. The difference in layout between the two configurations is that in one configuration, there are three color LCD multi-function displays (MFD), while in the other, these are replaced by two larger LCD MFDs. It's not clear which one is originated from foreign system and which is indigenously developed, but it's reported that the practice of having different configurations thanks to the modular design is for export purposes, to fit the potential customer countries’ pilots’ habits. However, in early 2018, it is revealed that the 2-piece MFD version is the one selected to enter service.
The Su-30MKI on-board health and usage monitoring system (HUMS) monitors almost every aircraft system and sub-system, and can also act as an engineering data recorder. From 2010, indigenously designed and built HUDs and Multi-Function Displays (MFD) were produced by the Delhi-based Samtel Group Display Systems."IAF order worth Rs 250 cr to Indian industry." Business-standard.
In 1991, an agreement was signed between India and Russia for technology transfer to India so that KVD-1 engines can be built indigenously in India. But later in July 1993, US imposed sanctions on ISRO and Glavkosmos saying it voids the Missile Technology Control Regime. After suffering setback in this case ISRO was forced to develop its own cryogenic programme.
Proton's staff were also trained by Mitsubishi in Japan as part of a bilateral agreement. Management of Proton was gradually assumed by Malaysians in the 1990s. All Proton cars launched between 1985 and 2000 with the exception of the Proton Tiara were based on Mitsubishi vehicles. Proton began producing indigenously designed models after 2000, but resumed product collaboration with MMC in 2008.
The Proton Inspira is a four-door compact saloon produced by Malaysian automobile manufacturer Proton, which was first launched in November 2010. It was sold exclusively in Malaysia as a rebadged ninth-generation Mitsubishi Lancer, as the result of a collaboration between Mitsubishi Motors and Proton. The Inspira succeeded the Proton Waja, and complements the indigenously- designed Proton Prevé in the Malaysian market.
High quality plain or patterned cloth made of muslin and calico was produced. Plain cloth was available as white or brown colour, in bleached or dyed variety. Exports of this cloth was to Persia and European countries. Patterned cloth was made of prints which were made indigenously with indigo for blue, chay-root for red coloured prints and vegetable yellow.
In 1962, he published Cybernetic ontology and transjunctional operations. Later he lectured at the University of Hamburg until he died in that city, in 1984 at the age of 84. According to Isaac Asimov, who considered Gunther "a good friend," Gunther "felt that civilization was a product of the Old World and could not flourish indigenously in the New."In Memory Yet Green.
Chilime is the brainchild of Dr. Damber Bahadur Nepali, a prominent hydropower expert in Nepal, who founded the company and worked as its first Managing Director. The success story of this indigenously-designed, locally-built and Nepali-financed powerplant, largely the result of Dr. Nepali, has become a living proof that the paradigm shift in Nepali hydropower planning has brought real change.
Jijo Punnoose is an Indian film director, producer and actor from Kerala. He is best known for directing the two landmark films in Malayalam cinemaPadayottam (1982) and My Dear Kuttichathan (1984). He is the eldest son of producer Navodaya Appachan. Jijo directed Padayottam was the first indigenously shot 70mm film in India, and My Dear Kuttichathan is the first 3D film in India.
It can build ships up to and repair ships up to . The yard has delivered two of India's largest double hull Aframax tankers each of . CSL has secured shipbuilding orders from internationally renowned companies from Europe & Middle East and is nominated to build the country's first indigenously built Air Defence Ship. The Cochin Shipyard also builds ships for the Indian Navy.
He created Bible Ki Kahaniyan on Doordarshan. He first became involved in the film industry with his brother Kunchacko, at Udaya Studio. The first Cinemascope film in Malayalam was directed by him, and the Malayalam Padayottam, which was the first indigenously shot 70mm movie in South India, was produced by him. He founded Kishkinta, India's first theme park, in Chennai.
UAV is an unmanned helicopter developed by Blue Sky by integrating COTS airframe with flight control system indigenously developed by Blue Sky. LT-520 is in conventional helicopter layout with a pair of skids as landing gear system. LT-520 is powered by twin cylinder gasoline engine. LT-520 is stripped of skin to reduce weight in order to increase payload.
The Type 79 Twin 100 mm gun is the first indigenously developed large caliber Chinese naval gun. A decision was made in 1970 to replace the Soviet 100/56 Bu-34 single 100 mm semi-enclosed gun mount. By June 1973, the first batch was completed and two were installed onboard frigates for test and evaluation. Two more upgrades were eventually developed.
Today commercial liquid smoke products are still prepared from this phase. Liquid smoke condensates are made commercially for the global meat industry in the U.S. and Europe and are regulated by those governments. Liquid smoke is still referenced as wood vinegar and is being made and used indigenously in many other locations such as Japan, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brazil, and Southeast Asia.
Hanhe UAVs are Chinese UAVs developed by Wuxi Wuxi Hanhe Aviation Technology Co., Ltd (Hanhe Aviation, 无锡汉和航空技术有限公司). As of 2013, all UAVs produced by Hanhe Aviation are unmanned helicopters, most of which are developed by integrating commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) airframes and flight control systems indigenously developed by Hanhe Aviation.
2004-2007 Proton Gen-2 in Seri Kembangan, Malaysia. 2008-2013 Proton GEN•2 in Trafalgar Square, London. The U.K. is the only market to receive the unique dual-fuel GEN•2 ecoLogic. The Proton GEN•2 was launched in the third quarter of 2004 in Malaysia, where it became the first Proton to utilise an indigenously designed platform and engine.
SSM was also offering the leases of Type 209 submarines until new submarines could be completed. The offer has since been superseded by the DSME submarine contract. In early 2012, the Korean defense firm LIG Nex1 exhibited its latest suite of indigenously developed submarine sensors, submarine combat systems, and heavy- weight torpedoes and wire-guided torpedoes in Indonesia for potential use by the Indonesian Navy's submarine forces.
The ship is equipped with ROV, AUV & USV. Apart from a helicopter and Bofors 40 mm gun for self defense, the ship is also equipped with four survey motor boats and two small boats. Nirupak is the second ship to have been indigenously designed and constructed, commissioned after INS Sandhayak under the . As a hospital ship, Nirupak has taken part in disaster relief exercises.
Saksang and panggang, the typical Batak dishes in Lapo (Batak restaurant). Batak cuisine is the cuisine and cooking traditions of Batak ethnic groups, predominantly found in North Sumatra region, Indonesia. Batak cuisine is part of Indonesian cuisine, and compared to other Sumatran cuisine traditions, it is more indigenously preserved. One characteristic of Batak cuisine is its preference to andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) as the main spice.
Twenty Seven flights for 57 hours duration have been completed. DRDO demonstrated its technological capability in aero-engine technology. This has been a great achievement in the aerospace community of the country, when the first ever indigenously developed fighter aircraft engine was subjected to flight testing. Tacit knowledge acquired by the DRDO scientists during this project will also be applied for further aerospace technology.
Hirschel, Prem and Madelung 2012, p. 342. It would be Spain's first indigenously- developed aircraft to be powered by the turbojet engine. On 12 August 1955, the first prototype conducted its maiden flight, flown by Major Fernando de Juan Valiente, the company's chief test pilot. Valiente later praised the prototype's handling qualities, stating them to be light and responsive, including "viceless and straightforward" stall characteristics.
The navy operates one single carrier task force centered on , after was decommissioned in March 2017; however, a new aircraft carrier, is currently fitting out and is due to commission around 2020, restoring India's two-carrier capability. The Indian Navy also possesses an amphibious transport dock, , and currently operates , an indigenously developed nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, along with leasing one nuclear-powered attack submarine from Russia.
In May 2017, the Union Cabinet approved the construction of 10 indigenously-built Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs). The contracts for the reactors worth an estimated will be awarded to Indian companies. The construction 10 reactors with a combined nuclear capacity of 7 GW is also expected to create 33,400 direct and indirect jobs. During Odisha investor summit, NLC India signed an MOU with govt.
Because the PAF was trained and equipped to fight a conventional war, a new "counter-terrorist doctrine" had to be improvised. The PAF's Saffron Bandit 2009/2010 exercise focused on extensive training of combat personnel to undertake COIN operations. New equipment was inducted to improve the PAF's joint intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities. A C-130 transport aircraft was indigenously modified for day/night ISR operations.
Because the PAF was trained and equipped to fight a conventional war, a new "counter-terrorist doctrine" had to be improvised. The PAF's Saffron Bandit exercise focused on extensive training of combat personnel to undertake COIN operations. New equipment was inducted to improve the PAF's joint intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities. A C-130 transport aircraft was indigenously modified for day/night ISR operations.
It is believed that some other films had been produced indigenously at the studios which had to be closed down for financial reasons. After finishing shooting for the film, Kardar was not approached for another role for a long time. Hailing from the Bhati Gate locality, where it was not unusual to find writers and poets, Kardar saw a viable future for a film industry.
The SADF used a mix of British, French, Israeli, captured Soviet and indigenously developed weaponry. Their allies, UNITA used a mix of Soviet and South African-supplied weaponry. The United States covertly supplied UNITA guerillas with Stingers for anti-aircraft defence.Payne, Richard J., Opportunities and dangers of Soviet-Cuban expansion: Toward a Pragmatic U.S. Policy, State University of New York Press, (Albany 1988), p.
FYAT 35 kg class unmanned helicopter (35 kg Ji Zhi-Sheng-JI, 35KG级直升机) is an unmanned helicopter is traditional helicopter layout with a pair of skids as landing gear. This UAV utilizes commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) airframe and integrates it with domestic Chinese flight control system (FCS) indigenously developed by FYAT. The payload is installed under the chin of the fuselage.
An attempt was made to manufacture guns indigenously, but quality was poor, although the African gunsmiths did succeed in rendering a workable breech mechanism, and in various repairs. Ammunition was also manufactured, and was so precious that after each battle, empty cartridge cases and even bullets were collected. Tactics of the Samorian army. Samorian armies showed the capability of maneuvering against both indigenous and foreign forces.
In late 1984 Hollis was invited to visit Nigeria at the inspiration of several sponsors who had hoped to organize an African regional conference in Lagos. This effort was pursued for eighteen months but was suspended when it was determined that local sponsors could not assure a conference success. The campaign did spark interest in establishing an indigenously supported counterpart Agri-Energy Roundtable/Nigeria.
She has been working with the ISRO since 1984 and involved in any missions including Insat 2A, IRS IC, IRS ID, TES. She became project director of India's first indigenously-developed Radar Imaging Satellite RISAT-1, which was launched successfully on 2012. She is the second woman scientist of Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) to head a prestigious project after Anuradha TK, project director of the GSAT-12 mission in 2011.
Mamata Banerjee during her first tenure as the railway minister initiated the project of Tollygunj – Garia metro extension. During her second tenure (2009–2011) she inaugurated the extension, and also introduced new Air Conditioned rakes, manufactured indigenously at the Integral Coach Factory. The new extension to Garia Bazar in the south opened to the public on 23 August 2009. The Garia Bazar station was named after Kavi Nazrul.
Chinese ZTZ-96 tanks in Chinese Tank Museum. This article on military tanks deals with the history of tanks employed by various military forces belonging to the Kuomintang and Communist Party of China within China. From the early half of the 20th century, tanks were initially obtained from other countries; eventually indigenously designed Chinese tanks started manufacture and became used during the Cold War and towards the modern era.
Throughout the country one encounters a variety of mat making traditions using indigenously grown materials and embellishing these creations with highly imaginative designs.Banig: the Art of Mat Making ncca.gov.ph The range of materials and design evident in the many traditions of mat making in the Philippines indicate the many adaptive approaches each culture has made relative to its environment. Each group has utilized materials that locally grow and is readily available.
They made several prototypes until the 1990s. They successfully manufactured India's first indigenously developed diesel engines in 1972 for cars and their own CNC lathes in 1982. Today their spin-off company, Jayem Automotives Pvt Ltd, offers R & D services to Tata Motors, Renault, Volvo, Eicher, Daimler, TVS, Hero Motors and Robert Bosch GmbH. Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors source up to 30% of their automotive components from Coimbatore.
The Tata Indica is a supermini car launched by the Indian manufacturer Tata Motors in 1998. It was the first passenger hatchback from Tata Motors, with previous models being station wagons and SUVs. Indica is also considered to have been one of India's indigenously developed passenger cars, though not the very first. , more than 910,000 units had been produced and the platform had spawned close to 1.2 million vehicles.
The French Army deployed the Schilt family of flamethrowers, that were also used by the Italian Army. The Russian army used 11,446 indigenously produced flamethrowers, over 10,000 of which were the Tovarnitski man-portable design. In the interwar period, at least four flamethrowers were used in the Chaco War by the Bolivian Army, during the unsuccessful assault on the Paraguayan stronghold of Nanawa in 1933.Scheina, Robert L. (2003).
The Yu-3 (鱼-3) is a Chinese acoustic homing torpedo designed to be fired from submarines against surface targets. It entered service with the Chinese Navy in 1984. Several sources state that it may be a copy of the Soviet SET-65E, although this seems unlikely as development began in 1965 after the Sino- Soviet split. It is therefore probably the first indigenously developed torpedo in China.
The concept for the Godavari class originated from the lessons learnt in the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971. There was a need for a ship unique to Indian requirements, for deploying a hybrid of indigenously-designed, as well as Russian and European weapons systems. One of the requirements was to deploy two Sea King helicopters from the ship. The Nilgiri-class vessels were too small for this requirement.
According to Iranian government sources, the F-313 Qaher was designed and is indigenously produced in Iran by the Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO), a division of the Ministry of Defense, and IRIAF. The project manager is Hassan Parvaneh. The aircraft design is a canard configuration. It is described as a stealth fighter built with advanced materials, a very low radar signature and with low-altitude operations capability.
Maruti Suzuki introduced its all new 793cc diesel engine in the Celerio on 3 June 2015, at a price of INR 4.65 lacs. The Celerio diesel is powered by Suzuki’s first indigenously developed two cylinder motor that delivers 46 bhp of max power and 125 Nm of peak torque. It also promises to deliver a segment best mileage of 27.62 km/l. Dimensionally, it is identical to the petrol version.
While construction of the Nilgiri class was being completed, the Indian Navy proposed requirements for an indigenously designed and built frigate. This new frigate was to be of wholly Indian design and manufacture. To address these requirements, MDL designed and built the guided-missile frigates with a 3,800-tonne displacement and ability to embark two helicopters. Three ships of the class were built by MDL – the lead ship, , and .
Prince Julius Adewale Adelusi-Adeluyi (born August 2, 1940) is a Nigerian Pharmacist and legal practitioner. He is the founder and Chairman of Juli Plc, the first indigenously promoted company quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. He is the National President of the Nigeria Academy of Pharmacy. He is a past National President of the Alumni Association of the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS) Kuru (AANI).
The most important science which has Kerala has developed purely indigenously is Thachu-Shastra (Science of Carpentry) as the easily availability of timber and its heavy use of it. The concept of Thachu underlines that as timber is derived from a living form, the wood, when used for construction, has its own life which must be synthesised in harmony with its surroundings and people whom dwell inside it.
Long Arrow (Chang-Jian or Changjian, 长箭, often abbreviated as CJ) is a fixed wing, jet powered UAV developed by NUAA developed in 2006.Long Arrow During the development of Long Arrow UAV, computer aided design was widely used. More importantly, most of the computer programs were indigenously developed by NUAA. The engine inlet of Long Arrow was completely designed via CAD, which reduced cost and time.
Pittie Tractors was set up by a young and dynamic engineer - Shrikant Pittie and started out as Pittie Tools. The Pittie family are prominent industrialists in Pune and the family set up the first private industry in Pune - The Raja Bahadur Motilal Poona Mills Ltd. in 1893. Pittie Tractors indigenously developed and manufactured tractors and was well set to capture a large share of the market in India.
Originating in upland forests in Ethiopia, C. canephora grows indigenously in Western and Central Africa from Liberia to Tanzania and south to Angola. It was not recognized as a species of Coffea until 1897, over a hundred years after Coffea arabica. It is also reportedly naturalized in Borneo, French Polynesia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Jamaica and the Lesser Antilles. In 1927 a hybrid between robusta and arabica was found in Timor.
The IAF is currently training the crew in operating the indigenously developed DRDO AEW&CS; flying on the Embraer ERJ 145 aircraft. The IAF also operates the EL/W-2090 Phalcon AEW&C; incorporated in a Beriev A-50 platform. A total of 3 such systems are currently in service, with possible orders for 2 more. The two extra Phalcons are currently in negotiation over price differences between Russia and India.
The loss has been attributed as having been a major setback to the programme and later having played a factor in its termination. Following the accident, test flights continued using the second prototype V4/II (DM-ZYB), although this aircraft did not fly until 1960.Hirschel, Prem and Madelung 2012, p. 109. It would be the first to be powered by the indigenously-developed Pirna 014 turbojet engine.
In 2016 the company launched the country's first indigenously produced fully electric bus, called Circuit. The bus is a zero-emission vehicle that can run 120 km on a single charge, and has an alert system that can signal if the bus is low on power. The bus will be introduced under the National Electric Mobility Plan with an aim of 20% penetration of electric or hybrid vehicles by 2020.
The Indian Navy is the world's fifth largest navy. It is considered to have blue-water capabilities with sophisticated missile-capable warships, aircraft carrier, advanced submarines and the latest aircraft in its inventory, along with a significant use of state of the art technology that is indigenously manufactured.Global Security The Indian Navy It operates one aircraft carrier and also plans to induct the by 2020 followed by a larger INS Vishal.
Most of the government-owned enterprises are fully capable of indigenously completing the entire development of UAVs of various sizes, from the initial design at the very beginning, all the way to the final completion of UAVs of various sizes, ranging from the smallest micro air vehicle (MAV)s to the largest UAVs. In contrast, most private enterprises lack such capability because they are assemblers purchasing existing commercial off-the- shelf subsystems such as airframes, flight control systems and propulsion systems and integrating these subsystems together into final products of their own. Compounded with transparency and language hurdles, this often creates confusion among observers and analysts outside Chinese because the same UAV appears to be shown by different firms, although the only thing in common is the commercial off-the-shelf airframe chosen by different firms, which choose different airframes for other subsystems when assembling UAVs of their own. Private enterprises with the capability to indigenously complete the entire development of UAVs are often more limited.
He is credited with developing the manufacture of diesel engine indigenously as an import substitute after India attained independence. He penned an autobiography under the title Cactus and Roses. S. L. Kirloskar was awarded Padma Bhushan in the year 1965 for his contribution to trade and industry. On 26 February 2003, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India, released a commemorative postage stamp marking the 100th anniversary of S. L. Kirloskar's birth.
The system integrates US-built MPQ-64 Sentinel air defense radar and AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles with an indigenously developed Battle management C4I system called FDC, short for Fire Distribution Center. The FDC connected to a MPQ-64 radar forms an "Acquisition Radar and Control System" (ARCS). The missile has a horizontal range of up to 25 km. Other sources cite a range of 'over 15 km' but this depends on the missile version used.
Turkey's first indigenously developed scientific microsatellite for remote sensing, BILSAT-1 was based on an enhanced SSTL-100 satellite bus. The satellite features a multi-spectral instrument called ÇOBAN, which is a low-resolution 8-channel camera. The name is an abbreviation for "ÇOk-BANtlı Kamera" for "Multi-Band Camera". It has two imaging sensors, a 4-band visible and near- infrared (VNIR) sensor at a resolution of and a high-resolution panchromatic sensor at .
The operation was made to coincide with the 30th anniversary of the Iranian Revolution. In February 2011, Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announced that there will be many launches of indigenously produced orbiters in 2011–2012 period. Iran plans to send one-ton satellites into an orbit of 1000 km and is setting up a new launch base for this purpose. Iran is also planning to launch satellites into orbits of up to 36,000 km.
The Canary Islands came under Castilian control, and by the early sixteenth century the indigenous population had largely been decimated and African slave labor replaced indigenously. Multiple West African states were participants in slave raiding and trading, and the slaves the Castilians purchased were considered legitimate slaves. Slave-trading African states accepted a variety of European goods, including firearms, horses, and other desirable goods in exchange for slaves.Blackburn, The Making of New World Slavery, pp.
The hull of the ship encompassed the bulk of sensors and weapon systems that were also indigenously manufactured by various Indian industries. It is the first indigenous anti-submarine corvette as well as the first indigenous stealth corvette built by India. About 90% of the ship is indigenous and the ship is capable of fighting in NBC conditions. It is equipped with a rail-less helo traversing system which is used for handling a helicopter.
The Proton Waja, the company's first indigenously designed model, was launched in August 2000. It however still had a Mitsubishi 4G18 engine at launch as Proton's first in-house Campro engine was not yet available. The Waja marked the end of Proton's extensive reliance on other car manufacturers for vehicle platforms and components. However, the model was only a moderate seller, being significantly outsold by Proton's own much older and slightly smaller Proton Wira.
According to an agreement signed in September 2011, the satellite will be developed by specialists in cooperation with Türksat and Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI). It will be produced in Turkey by TAI at its newly established Satellite Assembly Integration and Test Facility () (UMET) in Ankara with 20% indigenously developed technology. Türksat 5A will be the first geostationary communications satellite to be built in Turkey. Launching of the spacecraft is planned for the end of 2020.
Delivery of this order spread from 1981 to 1983. By 1982, Iran's major military supplier was North Korea, with sales in that year of $800 million. It provided, to Iran, both indigenously produced Soviet-standard equipment, as well as acting as an intermediary for both China and the Soviet Union. Some came from North Korean military stocks and were replaced by the originating country, while others were merely transshipped, still in the original factory crate.
'''''' The second generation Proton Saga, also called the Saga BLM (Base Line Model) launched on 18 January 2008. It was indigenously designed unlike the former generation and launched with 3 variants which were priced between RM31,498 and RM39,998 respectively. All variants were powered by Proton's 1.3 litre CamPro IAFM engine. The new Saga was a great sales success for Proton, having received over 23,000 bookings in less than two weeks since launch.
The Government of India issues three different types of passports – Diplomatic passports; Official passports; and regular or ordinary passports. India initiated the first phase deployment of Biometric e-Passport only for all diplomatic passport holders in India and abroad in 2008. The new passports have been designed indigenously by the Central Passport Organization, the India Security Press, Nashik and IIT Kanpur. The passport contains a security chip with personal data and digital images.
Eagle's Nest (), also known indigenously as Tsim Shan (), is a hill north of Cheung Sha Wan of Hong Kong. The hill peaks at 305 metres and is within Sha Tin District with border to Sham Shui Po District at her south. The hill is located northeast of Piper's Hill and northwest of Crow's Nest. Eagle's Natural Trail goes around her peak while the Stage 5 of MacLehose Trail runs on her north.
India had already developed the indigenously Marut fighter-bomber, and was at one point keen to upgrade the type, until such efforts failed. The Indian Air Force (IAF) became the largest single export customer of the Jagaur, placing a $1 billion order for the aircraft in 1978, the Jaguar being chosen ahead of competitors such as the Dassault Mirage F1 and the Saab Viggen after a long and difficult evaluation process.Barua 2005, p. 274.
The Proton Waja is a saloon car manufactured by Malaysian automotive company, Proton, first released in August 2000. The name Waja, which means (strong as) steel in Malay has both physical and abstract connotations. In the United Kingdom, it was sold as the Proton Impian, in which Impian was another derivative of the Malay language, meaning dream. The Proton Waja was heralded as the first indigenously-designed Malaysian car upon its debut.
Macarthy was born in Croydon, South London. His mother was an executive secretary, his father an economist from Sierra Leone. At age 5, his mother decided to move back to Freetown, Sierra Leone, where he spent the next 14 years living between the fruit farm of his great, great uncle, Sir Henry Josiah Lightfoot Boston, the first indigenously elected Governor-General of Sierra Leone and with his mother’s family in The Gambia and Zimbabwe.
In November 2012, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) intensively audited over several weeks two reactors at the Rajasthan Atomic Power Station for safety. It has concluded that the reactors are among the best in the world, the indigenously made 220 MW atomic plants can withstand a Fukushima type of accident, even suggesting that the "safety culture is strong in India" and that India emerged a winner with a high global safety rank.
He has served on the Samar-class offshore patrol vessel ICGS Sangram and was part of the commissioning crew of the Delhi-class Guided missile destroyer. Vatsayan has commanded the Veer-class missile vessels and , and the Khukri- class corvette . He was also the Commissioning Commanding Officer of the indigenously-built Shivalik-class Guided missile frigate . Vatsayan, in his staff appointments, has served as the Joint Director of Personnel, Director of Personnel (Policy).
From February 1955 to December 1958, ten Firefly aircraft were acquired. To meet the training requirements of the pilots, the indigenously developed HAL HT-2 trainer was inducted into the FRU. On 17 January 1959, the FRU was commissioned as Indian Naval Air Squadron (INAS) 550, to be the first Indian naval air squadron. In the following two years, three more naval air squadrons—INAS 300, INAS 310 and INAS 551—were commissioned.
HTEC UAVs are Chinese UAVs developed by Guangzhou Hong-Tian (meaning Rainbow Sky) Aviation Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (HTEC, 广州虹天航空科技有限公司). Initial UAVs fielded by HTEC utilizes commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) subsystems, such as airframe, and eventually, these are replaced by domestic Chinese counterparts indigenously developed by HTEC. Several HTEC UAVs have entered service with local law enforcement and Chinese governmental establishments.
The scramjet engines were fired for a duration of about 5 seconds. On June 12, 2019, India successfully conducted the maiden flight test of its indigenously developed uncrewed scramjet demonstration aircraft for hypersonic speed flight from a base from Abdul Kalam Island in the Bay of Bengal at about 11.25 am. The aircraft is called the Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle. The trial was carried out by the Defence Research and Development Organisation.
She taught more than 700 students from 1956 to 1962. Xia advised more than 60 graduate students, two of whom won top national prizes for Ph.D. dissertations. Her students included Li Guojie, who led the development of the Sugon supercomputers; and , the chief architect of the Loongson CPU. When Loongson unveiled China's first indigenously designed CPU in 2002, Hu named it Xia-50 to celebrate her five-decade-long career in computer science.
ISRO currently operates three Radar Imaging Satellites (RISAT). RISAT-1 was launched from Sriharikota Spaceport on 26 April 2012 on board a PSLV. RISAT-1 carries a C band synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) payload, operating in a multi- polarisation and multi-resolution mode and can provide images with coarse, fine and high spatial resolutions. RISAT-2 which was launched in 2009 due to delay with the indigenously developed C band SAR for RISAT-1.
The X-band SAR used by RISAT-2 was obtained from IAI in return for launch services for TecSAR satellite. PSLV-C46 launched the third satellite RISAT-2B intended to replace RISAT-2, on 22 May 2019 at 0000 (UTC) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre with an indigenously developed Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) operating in X Band. This will be followed by a new series of high-resolution optical surveillance satellites called Cartosat-3 series.
The Type 039A inherits the tail design of the Type 039 (NATO codename: Song class) with four diving planes and a single large shaft. A pair of foreplanes are positioned in the middle of the sail. The submarine is equipped with indigenously developed cabin-raft (shock absorbers) system that helped to reduce noise level by over 35 dB. Additionally, the submarine is covered with rubber anti-sonar protection tiles to reduce the risk of detection.
Flight International, 28 November 1968. p. 904. The G2 Galeb made its first appearance outside of Yugoslavia at the 1963 Paris Air Show. In 1964, production of the G2 commenced, making it the first indigenously-developed jet aircraft to enter mass production in Yugoslavia (the first jet-powered plane built by Yugoslavia was the Ikarus 451M in 1952, which did not enter production). After the Soko 522, it was the second aircraft built at SOKO.
The Indian test caused Pakistan to spur its programme, and the ISI conducted successful espionage operations in the Netherlands, while also developing the programme indigenously. India tested fission and perhaps fusion devices in 1998, and Pakistan successfully tested fission devices that same year, raising concerns that they would use nuclear weapons on each other. All of the former Soviet bloc countries with nuclear weapons (Belarus, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan) transferred their warheads to Russia by 1996.
TTA UAVs are Chinese UAV developed by Beijing (Northern) Tian-Tu (meaning Sky Way) Aviation Technology Development Co., Ltd. (TTA, 北方天途航空技术发展有限公司). Majority of the TTA products are unmanned helicopters, but there are also fixe-wing UAV as well. Most UAV developed by TTA utilizes commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) airframes integrated with flight control systems indigenously developed by TTA.
The first of the family, this gun was fully automatic and controlled by Type 343 radar. However, being the first fully automatic gun and the first indigenously developed gun at the same time, the Chinese was not confident enough on the design, and thus incorporated manual backup systems. This proved to be baseless because later operation proved that the reliability of the automated system was just as good as the simpler manual system.
It developed plasma displays for TV but declined to pursue it commercially. It does not plan to pursue LCD for TV or other commercial applications. Samtel has registered many patents for developments in display technology and also developed its own technology for automation. Samtel also developed its own equipment development group which provides all its plants and many external customers with indigenously developed material handling equipment, special- purpose machines and Indian-sourced mechanical components.
On 23 June, Sanjay was killed in a plane crash while performing an aerobatic manoeuvre in New Delhi. In 1980, as a tribute to her son's dream of launching an indigenously manufactured car, Gandhi nationalized Sanjay's debt ridden company, Maruti Udyog, for Rs. 43,000,000 (4.34 crore) and invited joint venture bids from automobile companies around the world. Suzuki of Japan was selected as the partner. The company launched its first Indian manufactured car in 1984.
The Saryu-class patrol vessels were ordered for the navy by the Ministry of Defence in December 2008, for performing coastal patrol. Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) became the first Indian shipyard to have designed and constructed this class of warship completely indigenously. Saryu is the most advanced vessel to be constructed by GSL in terms of design, performance and quality. The ship has been designed by an in-house team and was built at the cost of .
Paranandi Venkata Suryanarayana Rao is an Indian computer scientist, known for his researches in the fields of speech and script recognition and is credited with contributions for the development of TIFRAC, the first indigenously developed electronic computer in India. He is a recipient of awards such as IEEE Third Millenium Medal, Vikram Sarabhai Award, Om Prakash Bhasin Award and VASVIK Industrial Research Award. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1987.
Central Alaskan Yupik, or Yupʼik (also rendered Yupik, Central Yupik, or indigenously Yugtun) is one of the languages of the Yupik family, in turn a member of the Eskimo–Aleut language group, spoken in western and southwestern Alaska. Both in ethnic population and in number of speakers, the Central Alaskan Yupik people form the largest group among Alaska Natives. As of 2010 Yupʼik was, after Navajo the second most spoken aboriginal language in the United States.US Census Bureau. 2011.
Heavy Water Plant at Kota is indigenously built and is based on the Bithermal H20-H2S exchange process. The plant is located in Rawatbhata at a distance of 65 km from Kota Railway Station, adjacent to Rajasthan Atomic Power Station (RAPS). The Heavy Water Plant is integrated with RAPS for its supply of power and steam. An oil fired Steam Generation Plant is also added to ensure uninterrupted supply of steam during the shut down periods of RAPS.
Shalamcheh () is an Iranian surface-to-air missileIran’s Shalamcheh missile targetes home made drone theiranproject.com Retrieved 12 May 2020Iran Tests Skyguard And Indigenously-Built Shalamcheh Missile Systems defenseworld.net Retrieved 12 May 2020Iran has tested home-made Shalamcheh surface-to-air missile from air defense system Mersad 2812141 armyrecognition.com Retrieved 12 May 2020Shalamcheh missile fired for the first time aparat.com Retrieved 12 May 2020 claimed to be capable of destroying several sorts of modern fighter jets and drones.
C. Duffy, The 45, pp. 483 – 485, 487 This victory at Keith is an interesting reminder that the Jacobites were continuing to take the initiative in many parts of northern Scotland right up until the Battle of Culloden. The language spoken indigenously round Keith is Doric, which superseded Scottish Gaelic (see language section at Moray). The town is home of psych/folk/country band, the Carousels, whose track 'Marianne' was used on an advertising campaign for Irn-Bru.
The PLAN focus shifted in the 1980s. With the import of Western systems, and a focus on blue-water multi-role operations, the Luhu class emerged. The first vessel, Harbin (112) (seen and commissioned by the early 1990s), was a significant shift from traditional Chinese warship design. There was much more focus on air defense and ASW warfare, including the installation an 8-celled Crotale launcher, a short range missile system later indigenously produced as HQ-7.
The "hyang" concept indigenously developed in the archipelago and is not considered to have originated from Indian dharmic religions. Before the adoption of Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam, the natives of the Indonesian archipelago believed in powerful but unseen spiritual entities that can be both benevolent or malevolent. They also believed that the deceased ancestor is not gone away or disappeared completely. The ancestral spirit may gain god-like spiritual power and remain involved in their offspring's worldly affairs.
Urumeen - Times of India The film also uses Motion capture technology in a five-minute opening sequence.Urumeen will have motion capture animation done indigenously: The Times of India The film was released theatrically in India on 4 December 2015, at the time of floods in Chennai. The makers took this decision to avoid any losses due to delay in release. The film was released theatrically in Malaysia on 11 December 2015 by Lotus Five Star Entertainment.cinema.com.
At its inception, the college was the first indigenously run higher-education institution in Pune. In its early years Tilak and Agharkar served as academic staff. Congress party leader, Gopal Krishna Gokhale and social reformer, Dhondo Keshav Karve were also life members of the society and taught at the college in the 1890s. The society established many schools and colleges in Pune and other towns during following decades such as New English School of Satara in 1899.
Middleton and Lowe 1988, p. 19. According to aerospace publication Flight International, it was considered plausible for the T-4 to have been a competitive product upon the global trainer aircraft market, but such opportunities were denied by a long-standing Japanese policy that forbid military export sales.Middleton and Lowe 1988, p. 17. On 18 September 1992, Kawasaki was appointed by the Ministry of Defense to produce the OH-1, an indigenously designed armed observation and light attack helicopter.
Proton Waja, the first indigenously designed Proton car. The automotive industry in Malaysia is perhaps one of the freshest and most steadily growing markets, catering for needs worldwide (except for America and Continental Europe). Malaysia is the third largest South-East Asian automaker, outputting more than half a million vehicles per year. Some of the Malaysian companies produce some models in collaboration with Japanese, Chinese, South Korean or European manufacturers, while also developing fully indigenous Malaysian made cars.
RISAT-2 was built at an accelerated pace following the 2008 Mumbai attacks, due to Indian army but however due to delay with the indigenously developed C band for RISAT-1. It is India's first dedicated reconnaissance satellite. The X-band SAR used by RISAT-2 was obtained from Israel in return for launch services for the Israeli TecSAR satellite. The SAR sensor enables RISAT-2 to return images at any time of day and in all weather conditions.
The first office of L&T;, located in Bombay, was so small that only one of them could use it a time. Initially, L&T; represented Danish dairy equipment manufacturers. However, the Danish imports were restricted during World War II, forcing L&T; to start a small workshop that provided servicing and undertook small jobs. The imports stopped after the German invasion of Denmark, forcing L&T; to start manufacturing dairy equipment indigenously, a move that was successful.
Other speculations as to the reasons for violence between settlements include vengeance, conflicts over land, resources, poaching, demonstration of superiority, and kidnapping slaves.Golitko & Keeley 2007 Some of these theories related to the lack of resources are supported by the discovery that various LBK fortifications bordering indigenously inhabited areas appear to have not been in use for very long.Golitko & Keeley 2007 Map diagramming the expansion of Kurgan Culture across Europe. The migrations started in approximately 4000 BC.
The facility houses two indigenously built Pressurised Heavy-Water Reactors (PHWRs), MAPS-1 and MAPS-2 designed to produce 235 MW of electricity each. MAPS-1 was completed in 1981, but start-up was delayed due to a shortage of heavy water. After procuring the necessary heavy water, MAPS-1 went critical in 1983 and began operating at full power on 27 January 1984. MAPS-2 obtained criticality in 1985 and began full power operations on 21 March 1986.
YTQC-HS is the first heavier than air UAV developed by BJT Tech. YTQC-HS utilizes COTS airframe, autopilots, and flight control system, which are imported separately to avoid possible western embargo against China. Separate subsystem are integrated together with domestically developed mission payload and mission control software indigenously developed by BJT Tech, which also performs the system integration. YTQC-HS unmanned helicopter is in conventional helicopter layout with a pair of skids as landing gear.
The Arjun uses a manual loader and has a crewman to reload the gun. Although the Arjun was planned to be equipped with the Israeli LAHAT missile, plans to fit it to the tank were later dropped; the missile has an effective range of 6,000 meters, but it could not meet the Indian Army's requirements of engaging targets at less than 1,200 meters. An indigenously-developed anti-tank missile will now have to be created for the Arjun.
With the attainment of Indian independence, he was associated with the organisational matters of the Congress Party. When refugees poured in from East Pakistan, he put his heart and soul in rehabilitation work. He organised a mobile exhibition on rails the promotion of indigenously manufactured products and displayed his organisational skills during the first all-India exhibition at Eden Gardens in 1948. During the period, he also established the National Chamber of Commerce and All India Manufacturers’ Association.
Yu Zhenwu (; born July 1931) is a retired pilot and general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF). As one of China's first test pilots, he conducted the 1958 maiden flight of the Shenyang JJ-1, China's first indigenously developed jet aircraft. He later served as Commander of the Guangzhou Military Region Air Force from 1982 to 1985, Deputy Commander of the PLAAF from 1985 to 1994, and Commander of the PLAAF from 1994 to 1996.
The Australian Experimental light tank (AELT, and also known as "Chassis 160") was a prototype light tank built by Australia during World War II, using a local pattern carrier hull. It was one of two indigenously developed tank designs, the other being the cruiser Sentinel tank. While the LP1 Chassis 160 was only developed as a light tank prototype, the Sentinel and Thunderbolt were put into production. None of the two Australian developed tanks saw combat.
The Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH), also known as 'Dhruv', is the first indigenously designed and manufactured helicopter by HAL Bangalore. ALH was inducted into the Indian Navy on 28 March 2002. The Intensive Flying and Trials Unit (IFTU), formed at INS Garuda on 10 February 2003, undertook three years of intensive flying trials and evaluations. Post completion, the aircraft was cleared for operational exploitation and ALH Flights were established at Kochi and Goa on 1 September 2005.
IAIO acts as a policy maker and coordinator to promote an indigenous Iranian aeronautical industry by providing and assisting the Iranian aircraft industries with needed technologies, knowledge and parts. Iran's aviation industry is making rapid strides. As evidenced by the inaugural flight of Iran's indigenously designed and manufactured Azarakhsh and Saeqeh fighter jet to the mass production and launch of helicopters, turboprops, and passenger planes. Iran has also produced a Boeing 737-800 simulator, a first in Mideast.
Iron Shirt In the Philippines, the native Moro people adopted the morion and burgonet design for helmets (as well as chainmail and horn coats) during the Spanish–Moro Wars and the Moro Rebellion. The indigenously produced helmets were usually made of iron or brass and elaborately decorated with floral arabesque designs, usually in silver. They had a large visor and neck guard, movable cheek guards, a high crest and three very tall feathered plumes reaching inserted on the front.
Turkey has operated the UH-60 during NATO deployments to Afghanistan and the Balkans. The UH-60 has also been used in counter-terror/internal security operations. The Black Hawk competed against the AgustaWestland AW149 in the Turkish General Use Helicopter Tender, to order up to 115 helicopters and produce many of them indigenously, with Turkish Aerospace Industries responsible for final integration and assembly. On 21 April 2011, Turkey announced the selection of Sikorsky's T-70.
However, the Danish imports were restricted during the World War II, forcing L&T; to start a small workshop that provided servicing and undertook small jobs. The imports stopped after the German invasion of Denmark, forcing L&T; to start manufacturing dairy equipment indigenously, a move that was successful. Seeing opportunity in ship repair during wartime, Larsen and Toubro formed a new company called Hilda Ltd. Around this time, L&T; also started two repair and fabrication shops.
The development of the system was led by Defence Electronics Research Laboratory, Bharat Electronics Limited, Electronics Corporation of India Limited, Corps of Signals of Indian Army and private companies like CMC and Tata Power Company Ltd. Strategic Electronics Division (TataPowerSED). Around 40 companies also contributed by producing various components indigenously. Aatre said that the challenge was to tackle the sanctions imposed by the United States after 1998 nuclear tests conducted by India which banned the import of advanced electronic components.
In some parts of its range Asian palm civets are hunted for bushmeat and the pet trade. In southern China it is extensively hunted and trapped. Dead individuals were found with local tribes where it is killed for its meat, in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, and Agra, Uttar Pradesh, between 1998 and 2003 in India. The oil extracted from small pieces of the meat kept in linseed oil in a closed earthen pot and regularly sunned, is used indigenously as a cure for scabies.
When the foreigners eventually realized their mistake, the name "Hong Kong" was already commonly used to refer to the entire island. In Cantonese, Aberdeen is known indigenously as Hong Kong Tsai which means "Hong Kong Minor", "Son of Hong Kong" or "Little Hong Kong". It is believed that Aberdeen is where the name of Hong Kong (more accurately transcribed as Heung Kong) originates. Heung Kong Tsuen (香港村, "Hong Kong village") on Ap Lei Chau was mentioned on Ming-era maps.
The second generation Proton Saga, also called the Saga BLM (Base Line Model) launched on 18 January 2008. Previously, the first generation Proton Saga was Proton's most successful model, having a 23-year-long lifespan, the longest of all Proton models to date. The second generation Saga was indigenously designed and became the first model to wear Proton's new corporate logo. It launched with 3 variants, the N-Line, B-Line and M-Line which were priced between RM31,498 and RM39,998 respectively.
He removed the initial problems and raised the reactor power in steps, after commissioning of all the systems. The reactor was connected to the grid and electricity was generated in July 1997 at 10 MW power. In September 2002 the indigenously designed and fabricated fuel reached a burn up of 100,000 MWd/t without any failure. In 1985, he was designated as the Head of Nuclear Systems Division and was responsible for the preliminary design of 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR).
It could be considered as China's first indigenously designed submarine, despite its similarities to the Romeo-class. A total of 21 were built, but many of the initial hulls didn't perform well and were subsequently scrapped. At least 17 hulls are still in service, with later hulls using modern sonar systems, including the French DUUX-5. The later hulls of the Ming-class may have been employed for testing Air-independent propulsion (AIP), which would significantly reduce the noise level of the submarine.
Investigator, powered by two diesel engines, was built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers and launched in 1990 by West Bengal chief minister Jyoti Basu. It was commissioned into naval service at the Mumbai naval base that year. One of a series of indigenously-designed and -constructed ships, Investigator is used for hydrographic surveys. In addition to surveying equipment, the ship is armed with a Bofors 40 mm gun for self defence and carries a helicopter, four survey motorboats, and two small boats.
Bluff Island, indigenously known as Sha Tong Hau Shan (), also known as Ung Kong (), is an island in Port Shelter, south of Sai Kung Peninsula of Hong Kong. It is an important area for corals and other marine life. The island is zoned as Site of Special Scientific Interest since 1979.List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Hong Kong The surrounding water has not yet been legally protected and thus the corals are damaged by anchors of holiday visitors.
The cheetah once occurred in several areas of Southern Africa, but not commonly in South Africa. The species lives mostly on the eastern and northern locations of South Africa. Since the 1960s, the cheetah had been imported from Namibia, which used to contain healthy populations of cheetahs at the time, and has been reintroduced to their former ranges and in small reserves. About 29% of the cheetah population was indigenously from South Africa whilst 71% was those imported from Namibia.
Today the Indian Space research programme is recognised as one of the most successful programmes in the world. Prakash was instrumental in taking a far-sighted decision to go for new generation Maraging Steel against 15 CDV-6 for construction of rocket motor casings for satellite launch vehicles. Indigenously produced Maraging steel 250 has been performing flawlessly and has emerged as a workhorse material for all Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) used thus far.
To meet the training requirements of the pilots, the indigenously developed HAL HT-2 trainer was inducted into the FRU. On 17 January 1959, the FRU was commissioned as Indian Naval Air Squadron (INAS) 550, to be the first Indian naval air squadron. HAL Dhruv during special operation Currently the air arm operates an aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya with ability to carry over thirty aircraft including MiG 29K, Kamov 31, Kamov 28, Sea King and domestic-built HAL-Dhruv and Chetak helicopters.
First rocket launch: The first sounding rocket, Nike-Apache, was launched rocket on 21 Nov 1963. The project director for this Sodium vapor cloud experiment was Prof. P. D. Bhavsar. The Rohini Sounding Rocket (RSR) program to develop indigenously developed and fabricated sounding rockets launched the first single-stage Rohini (RH-75) rocket (32 kg rocket with 7 kg payload to ~10 km altitude) in 1967, followed by a two-stage Rohini rocket (100 kg payload to over 320 km altitude).
The Lykan Hypersport, is a Lebanese limited production sports car manufactured by W Motors, a United Arab Emirates based company, founded in 2012 in Lebanon with the collaboration of Lebanese and Italian engineers. It is the first sports car to be designed and produced indigenously in the Middle East. The production of the car was limited to a total of seven units. The first pre- production Lykan HyperSport was unveiled to the public at the Qatar Motor Show in February 2013.
Part of Nickelodeon's initiative to broaden its preschool programming, Gullah Gullah Island was the first show of its kind to star an African-American family set in an indigenously black community. The show's originality caused some upfront concerns. "We were apprehensive about naming it 'Gullah Gullah Island'. We wanted to make sure the portrayal was positive and didn't in any way poke fun at the culture or the community," Ron Daise said of creating a show based on an existing culture.
And recent archaeological research indicates that the Sao civilization developed indigenously from earlier cultures in the region (such as the Gajiganna culture, which began at around 1,800 BCE and began to build fortified towns by about 800 BCE), gradually increasing in complexity. Sao artifacts show that they were a sophisticated civilization working in bronze, copper, and iron.Fanso 19. Finds include bronze sculptures and terra cotta statues of human and animal figures, coins, funerary urns, household utensils, jewelry, highly decorated pottery, and spears.
The Type 77 pistol is a compact, pocket-sized, blowback-operated handgun that fires the indigenously developed 7.62×17mm Type 64 pistol round, which was originally created for the Type 64 pistol.Kokalis, 105 The Type 77 utilizes a striker-fired single action firing mechanism and is carried with a loaded magazine and empty chamber. The Type 77 has both a forward blade front sight with a slight taper and a rear, fixed notch. The magazine seems to be derived from the Czechoslovakian vz.
China Eagle GY-SMZ UAVs are Chinese unmanned helicopters developed by Beijing China Eagle Aviation Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (China Eagle, 北京国鹰航空科技有限公司), some of which have been deployed by Chinese military, local law enforcement and other governmental establishments. As of early 2014, all unmanned helicopter developed by China Eagle utilize commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) airframe, integrated with domestic Chinese flight control system (FCS) indigenously developed by China Eagle.
Four years later, she became a founding professor of the Institute of Computing Technology of the CAS, where she spent the remainder of her career. After the two other scientists, and Wang Chuanying, both left the project, Xia led the development of China's first indigenously designed general-purpose electronic computer, Model 107, in 1958. She has been acclaimed as the "Mother of Computer Science in China". Xia made numerous contributions to the research and design of high-speed computers in China.
It has a four-man crew: commander, gunner, loader and driver. Automatic fire detection and suppression and NBC protection systems are included. All-round anti-tank warhead protection by the indigenously-developed Kanchan armour is claimed to be much higher than available in comparable third generation tanks. Subsequently, delays and other problems in its development from the 1990s to the 2000s prompted the Indian Army to order T-90S tanks from Russia to meet requirements that the Arjun had been expected to fulfill.
He participated in the development of China's first indigenously designed dialyzer and created its first hemodialysis registration system in Shanghai. Qian was the first to propose and demonstrate a Kt/V value of at least 1.7 as the target for peritoneal dialysis, which has since been adopted worldwide. He published hundreds of research papers and received the State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) as well as many other awards. Qian died on 19 November 2019 at Renji Hospital, aged 80.
The MIG-25 (also christened as Foxbat by NATO) was used for high altitude reconnaissance until being decommissioned in 2006. ARC is also believed to be the first wing of Indian intelligence agencies to induct the indigenously built 'Pilotless Target Aircraft' (PTA) Lakshya. Lakshya is equipped with advanced support system to help it perform tactful aerial exploration in the battlefield, including target acquisition. The Lakshya is fitted with a digitally controlled engine that can be operated from the ground using a remote.
260 unmanned helicopter is the first unmanned helicopter developed by FYAT. 260 unmanned helicopter is built from commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) airframe, integrated with domestic Chinese flight control system (FCS) indigenously developed by FYAT. The COT airframe is Kyosho 260 remotely piloted helicopter, with FYAT developed autonomous FCS incorporated, so instead of requiring a ground control crew constantly at the control station, the UAV can also fly without ground control operator when desired, thus taking people out of the loop completely.
In UK usage Trident II missiles are equipped with a warhead called Holbrook and have a maximum yield of 100kt. The British government insists the warhead is indigenously designed, but analysts believe that it is largely based on the US W76 design. In 2011 it was reported that British warheads would receive the new Mk 4A reentry vehicles and some or all of the other upgrades that US W76 warheads were receiving in their W76-1 Life Extension Program.Kristensen, Hans.
His efforts of building an indigenous large optical telescope and a research observatory led to the founding of the optical observatory of Kavalur and its large telescope. The Vainu Bappu Observatory is one of the main observatories of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, also initiated in its modern avatar by Bappu in 1971. Later, a number of discoveries were made from the Vainu Bappu Observatory.At Kavalur the first observations with an indigenously built 38 cm telescope were made in late 1967.
According to Indologist Michael Witzel, there is a recent tendency of indigenously minded revisionism and rewriting of India's history and archeology in scholarly publications, media, the Internet and government publications. This Indocentric rewriting includes claims that the first human civilization in the world formed in India in c. 10,000 BC, that there is an uninterrupted continuity of the Indian civilization from 7500 BC to present, and that Indo-European speaking Europe was populated by the immigrant people from the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
In September 2020, Ashok Leyland launched the Bada Dost based on its indigenously developed LCV platform called Phoenix. It is launched with 2 variants i3 and i4 which are available in both right-hand- drive and left-hand-drive options. The company having invested ₹350 crores on developing their new product on a brand new platform, planned to introduce electric versions in time. Both the variants of the Bada Dost, i4 and i3, come with the latest BS-VI engines.
The NCMC is an indigenously made product, and is a part of the Make In India project. It was first conceptualised in 2006 as part of the National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP). A previous attempt to develop a similar national mobility card led to the development of the More Card. Given its lack of seamless functioning across the nation, Venkaiah Naidu, the then Minister of Urban Development, set up a committee to recommend a card which is inter-operable across different transport systems in the country.
Russia accounted for 61 percent of Chinese arms imports, followed by France with 16 percent and Ukraine with 13 per cent. Helicopters formed a major part of Russian and French deliveries, with the French designs produced under licence in China. Over the years, China has struggled to design and produce effective engines for combat and transport vehicles. It continued to import large numbers of engines from Russia and Ukraine in 2010–14 for indigenously designed combat, advanced trainer and transport aircraft, and for naval ships.
A new high explosive is in the making at a DRDO lab that could replace other standard explosives of the armed forces such as RDX, HMX, FOX-7 and Amorphous Boron. Scientists at the Pune-based High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) have already synthesised an adequate quantity of CL-20, the new explosive, in their laboratory. The compound, 'Indian CL-20' or 'ICL-20', was indigenously developed in HEMRL using inverse technology. CL-20 is a Nitramine class of explosive 15 times as powerful as HMX.
Dunagiri was the fourth of the Nilgiri- class frigates to be built at the Mazgaon Docks and it took almost 58 months from the commencement of production till her final delivery to the Navy. However, Dunagiri also had a large number of indigenously produced equipment in her although much of her firepower and radars and sensors were of British or Dutch origin. Vice-admiral S Jain who later served as flag-officer- commanding-in-chief of the Western Naval Command was the Dunagiri's first commanding officer.
According to him, Russians agreed to launch Pakistan's domestically built satellite from their soil. The satellite was completed in 1999 and was transported to Russia in early 2000. After an initial success in satellite development, Abdul Qadeer Khan met with Majid where they discussed Majid's indigenously designed Low Earth orbit satellite project. In 1999, Majid, as then-Chairman of Pakistan's Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) announced that Pakistan would develop its own satellite launching vehicle within a period of about three years.
ICF, Chennai is also home to Vande Bharat Express also known as Train 18, the indigenously produced trainset of the Indian Railways. Perambur also houses the Chennai Rail Museum which has a large collection of vintage coaches, engines and a railway coach themed restaurant. Perambur is one of the major railway hubs in Chennai because of ICF and due to express/super-fast trains stops. Perambur is the fifth largest station in Chennai in passenger volume after Chennai Central, Chennai Egmore, Tambaram and Mambalam.
The main contractor of the avionics of Z-10 is the 613th Research Institute, which was responsible for integrating all of the avionics subsystems provided by subcontractors. Although foreign technologies are utilized (particularly French and Israeli, as rumored), this is limited to hardware only. All software applicable to Z-10 are completely indigenously developed by China on its own. Reportedly, the most time-consuming part of the software engineering for Z-10 was to develop all of the mathematic models needed for Z-10.
In the turret form, automatic grenade launcher can also be housed next to the machine gun in the same turret. Two types of autocannons are available for Z-10, with the first being a 23 mm automatic chain gun indigenously developed by China, another autocannon that can be mounted on the Z-10 is the Chinese reverse-engineered 25 mm M242 Bushmaster adopted for helicopter use. Originally mounted on the NVH-4 derivative of Type 85 AFV, the Chinese military modified the gun for aerial use.
Established in 1989, the Development and Educational Communication Unit of ISRO has been involved in societal research with the objective of bringing India's indigenously developed space technology back to the people of rural India. The Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad provides the necessary technical support to the unit. Between 1975 and 1990, this unit implemented the Kheda Communications Project in the Kheda village of Gujarat to bring satellite-based communication to the village residents. This project would go on to receive the IPDC-UNESCO Prize for Rural Communication.
The Air Force has attempted with some success to maintain in service the large number of American-built aircraft which Iran acquired during the Shah's regime. The Air Force has turned to purchases of Russian and Chinese aircraft, as well as pressing ex-Iraqi aircraft into service, and indigenously built aircraft, in order to maintain a capable force. As of June 2019, the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force possesses 350 fighters, making it the ninth largest air arm in the world, as per Global Firepower.
During the mid-1970s, the Navy's Directorate of Naval Design developed a concept for the next generation of frigates, which would supplant the British-designed s. The new Godavari-class frigates would be the first indigenously designed and built frigates, with vastly improved speed and firepower. As the lead ship of her class, Godavari was laid down on 3 November 1978 by the Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral Jal Cursetji, and was launched on 15 May 1980. She was commissioned on 10 December 1983.
Radhakrishnan was unassuming, highly reticent about his own achievements, but with a quick and generous appreciation of good work in others. He was a source of inspiration to not merely the members of his institute but motivated his colleagues everywhere towards higher human values. Friends and family affectionately addressed him as 'Rad', who more than anything else was an inspirational man, who never gave up, even toward the end of his life. He had an indigenously built catamaran called "El da mer", dedicated to his French wife.
The Indian Naval Hydrographic Department (INHD), headed by the Chief Hydrographer to the Government of India, is an Indian government agency responsible for hydrographic surveys and nautical charting in India. Its headquarters National Hydrographic Office is located in Dehradun, Uttrakhand beside the Principal Controller of Defense Accounts Office (Air Force). Presently, the department is equipped with eight indigenously built survey ships including a catamaran hull survey vessel (CHSV). The National Institute of Hydrography is the training institute to impart knowledge regarding hydrography and to train its personnel.
In 2007 the Indian government approved outline plans to build two indigenously- designed IPHWR-700 reactors, with two sister reactors a little later at Rajasthan Atomic Power Station. In 2009 approval was confirmed, and site preparation was completed by August 2010. First concrete for Kakrapar 3 and 4 was in November 2010 and March 2011 respectively with operation originally expected by early and late 2018 respectively. The project over-ran largely due to tuning of the IPHWR-700 design and slow delivery of supplies.
Under the tank of the Centuro, there is an indigenously developed, 106.7-cc, MCi-5 (Micro Chip Ignited-5 Curve) single- cylinder, air-cooled four-stroke motor developing 8.4PS and a four-speed transmission. The bike has a five-step rear suspension to provide greater riding comfort on Indian roads. It produces 8.5 bhp at 8500 rpm and a maximum torque of 8.5 Nm at 5500 rpm. It has a four-speed manual transmission and can zoom to 60 kmph from rest in 8.9 seconds.
India confirmed that it will upgrade Myanmar's T-72 tanks, supply DRDO's radars to Armenia, Kamov 226 T multi-utility helicopters to Jordan, indigenously developed lightweight torpedoes to Myanmar (previously sold to Sri Lanka and Vietnam), Astra 70-kilometer range air- to-air missile and 40,000 pieces of a component used in Bofors artillery guns for ₹322 crore to UAE, and manufacture DRDO weapons in Saudi Arabia by 2018 (Dec 2017 update).India to seek supply of radars, missiles by 2018, Hindustan Times, 21 Dec 2017.
The flight telemetry recorder on the spacecraft had its memory increased to about 1 gigabyte, and the read/write speed was now 10 times as fast as the computers carried on previous flights. It was also about half the size of that carried on Shenzhou 5. Overall, 95% of the Shenzhou 6 space capsule is indigenously designed/produced in China, the highest rate in comparison to the previous ones. The menu included pineapple-filled mooncakes, green vegetables, braised bamboo shoots, rice, and bean congee.
Paramount Group is a South Africa group of companies operating in the global defence, internal security and peacekeeping industries. Established in 1994, it offers a range of armoured vehicles, military aircraft, equipment and training to governments. Since 2006, Paramount Group has been expanding its presence in the aerospace sector. During 2011, the company unveiled the AHRLAC (Advanced High Performance Reconnaissance Light Aircraft), a long-range reconnaissance and surveillance aircraft; it is the first military fixed-wing aircraft to be designed and built indigenously in Africa.
The Project Director at Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) Brigadier Nasir Mahmood SI(M) led Pakistan's first indigenously produced tank from conception to production. His team modified the tank to accept a foreign-built engine. Several different prototypes were evaluated. In light of high ambient temperatures and the fine sand or dust that would be encountered in operational areas such as the deserts of southern Pakistan, the development of high performance cooling and air filtering systems was emphasized during the planning stage of the project.
India; Army cancels Israeli LAHAT missiles for Arjun Mk-2 – Dmilt.com, 3 October 2014 Indigenously developed missile with a range of 5 km was test fired successfully from Arjun against a tank target. New tank ammunition called 'Penetration-Cum Blast (PCB) and Thermobaric (TB) Ammunition' is specially designed for Arjun Tank and was recently tested by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).The ammunitions have been developed by Pune-based DRDO laboratories Armament Research and Development Establishment ( ARDE) and High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL).
Freight haulage is mainly provided by rail transport. The rail sector is monopolized by China Railway and there is wide variation in services provided. In late 2007 China became one of the few countries in the world to launch its own indigenously developed high-speed train. As rail capacity is struggling to meet demand for the transport of goods and raw materials such as coal, air routes, roads and waterways are rapidly being developed to provide an increasing proportion of China's overall transportation needs.
The Type 87 Chi-I medium tank a/k/a Experimental tank No.1 (試製1 号戦車) was the first indigenously designed tank produced by Japan for the Imperial Japanese Army. Development of this medium tank began in June 1925 and was completed by February 1927. During the field trials, the tank proved to be too heavy and under-powered. The project was cancelled and a new light tank design was finished by April 1928 and designated the Type 89 I-Go.
The first indigenously built electric locomotive, a WAM-1 model, was named after him and was recently restored by the Eastern Railway. In 2015, the Babu Jagjeevan Ram English Medium Secondary School was established in Mahatma Gandhi Nagar, Yerawada, Pune. As of March 2016, the school serves 125 7th and 8th graders from Yerawada. The school honours Babuji and his advocacy of education and opportunity for all people of lower castes by being the first Pune Municipal Corporation public school to offer education past the 7th grade.
Israel has led the world in stem-cell research papers per capita since 2000. Israeli universities are ranked among the top 50 world universities in computer science (Technion and Tel Aviv University), mathematics (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) and chemistry (Weizmann Institute of Science). In 2012, Israel was ranked ninth in the world by the Futron's Space Competitiveness Index. The Israel Space Agency coordinates all Israeli space research programs with scientific and commercial goals, and have indigenously designed and built at least 13 commercial, research and spy satellites.
The new Standard Herald Mark III, made from 1968 to 1971, received a unique indigenously developed four-door body, to meet the demands of Indian buyers (with large families) and competition from the Ambassador and Fiat 1100 (both of which featured four doors). The engine remained the same though, with a claimed top speed of . In 1969-1970 a very few Herald Mark III Companions were built, five-door estates with fibreglass roofs and tailgates. The "Companion" nameplate hearkens back to the Standard Ten-based Companion introduced in 1955.
Kamorta was originally expected to be built using high-tensile imported steel. But lapses in imports lead it to be built by indigenously developed special grade high-tensile steel (DMR249A) produced by state-owned Steel Authority of India from its Bhilai Steel Plant. The ships employs very low under water voice signature and radar cross-section due to its ‘X’ form of hull and superstructure. She is the first Indian Navy ship to be built with carbon fiber reinforced plastic which reduces weight and life cycle maintenance costs.
Black Arrow satellite deployment, with Waxwing upper stage. Waxwing seen without its engine nozzle Waxwing was a British solid rocket motor used for apogee kick as the 3rd (upper) stage of the Black Arrow satellite launch vehicles. Waxwing was used to successfully place the Prospero X-3 satellite into low Earth orbit on 28 October 1971, Britain's only satellite launch on an indigenously-developed launch vehicle. Another use of Waxwing was to increase the velocity of test re-entry vehicles on Black Knight during tests for the Blue Streak missile.
Head-on view of a T-4 The Kawasaki T-4 is a Japanese subsonic intermediate jet trainer aircraft. It is a twin-engined aircraft, being powered by pair of Ishikawajima-Harima-built F3-IHI-30 turbofan units. These engines, which were capable of generating up to 3,520 lb of thrust, were indigenously-developed in conjunction with the T-4. Flight International observed that the performance of the T-4 was comparable with several widely exported jet trainers, such as the Franco- German Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet and British BAE Systems Hawk.
They also briefly manufactured another reengineered Ag m/42, this time chambered for the 7.62×39mm Soviet cartridge, called the Rasheed. These guns were replaced in the 1960s by the Maadi AK-47 a licensed copy of the widely distributed Soviet automatic assault rifle. During the late 1950s Egypt built the Jabal Hamzah ballistic missile test and launch facility to test-fire and experiment indigenously built Al Zafir and Al Kahir SRBMs. Egypt was involved in supplying the CIA with various weapons for Operation Cyclone and the Soviet Afghan war.
The suggested mining method of In-situ liquid extraction of underground uranium, was deemed the most likely had the prospecting developed into a mining license. Ireland is a member state signatory to the Nuclear Exporters Committee, which requires indigenous exploration and processing companies conduct all uranium-ore extraction and handling. The international committee monitors the exporting of process knowledge and techniques and therefore requires each member state to indigenously develop the processing techniques and manufacture all the equipment that relate to natural uranium ore, within its own borders.
In 2006, Proton's market share was 32%, down from 40% in 2005. Proton lost its majority domestic market share for the first time in 20 years to Perodua, the second Malaysian car manufacturer. Factors which contributed to the fall of Proton included the revision of the National Automotive Policy (NAP), Proton's newer indigenously designed models (i.e., the Proton Waja, Gen-2 and Savvy) which were poorly designed and manufactured compared to the former Mitsubishi- based models and stronger competitors, specifically Perodua with their best- selling Myvi which launched in 2005.
The Heavy Water Plant at Manuguru, Telangana is based on the Bithermal Hydrogen Sulphide-Water (H2S-H2O) Exchange Process. This plant with a capacity of 185 Metric Tonne per Year is the second plant based on this process, the earlier one being at Kota, Rajasthan for which the complete technology has been developed indigenously by BARC and HWB. The Manuguru site was chosen because of its proximity to Singareni coal fields and Godavari river which provide respectively large quantities of coal and water required by the plant. It was commissioned in Dec. 1991.
Long Technology UAVs are Chinese UAVs developed by Beijing Long Technology Co., Ltd. (Long Technology, 北京久久凯旋航测科技有限公司), whose products are marketed under the brand Triumph. Traditionally a flight control system provider to other Chinese aircraft (including UAVs) manufacturers, Long Technology has recently expanded its business by developing its own brand of UAVs, some of which are integrations of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products such as airframes and flight control systems/software indigenously developed by Long Technology.
Yecheng is impoverished compared to the rest of Xinjiang, and itself experienced violent unrest in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1998, Yecheng saw the U.S.-designated terrorist East Turkestan Islamic Movement blow up a natural gas pipeline and injure three people, as well as several explosions, according to authorities. Since 2009, according to Professor Barry Sautman, attacks in Xinjiang have become "more... spectacular, like storming police stations and attacks on police". Generally, Chinese authorities trace these attacks to Muslim hardliners who want independence from China, trained indigenously or in Pakistan.
As many of these were accommodated within the nose, this necessitated its lengthening to provide more internal space. The EW suite incorporated a missile approach warning system and radar warning receivers, while the aircraft's self-protection system, which consisted of electronic jammers and chaff/flare dispensers that were automatically activated. An indigenously- developed helmet-mounted sight (HMS) and an oversized head-up display (HUD) were also installed in the cockpit, along with other sophisticated cockpit instrumentation. The upgrade involved the fitting of a new and capable Pulse- Doppler radar system.
The Agni family of missiles uses a strapdown INS system for flight control and navigation. Necessary inertial sensors were indigenously developed for the purpose, including laser rate gyros. Agni-II introduced a new concept in missile control system by adopting MIL-STD-1553 databus for all on-board communication and control device interconnection mainly INS system, Flight Control Computer, actuators and sensors. It is the standard that is adopted in new civilian & military aircraft (circuit routing and device mounting) and all the software in the Agni-II has been designed around this bus.
Tata Ace, India's first indigenously developed sub-one-ton minitruck, was launched in May 2005. The minitruck was a huge success in India with auto analysts claiming that Ace had changed the dynamics of the light commercial vehicle (LCV) market in the country by creating a new market segment termed the small commercial vehicle segment. Ace rapidly emerged as the first choice for transporters and single truck owners for city and rural transport. By October 2005, LCV sales of Tata Motors had grown by 36.6% to 28,537 units due to the rising demand for Ace.
Promoted Vice Admiral on 30 June 1983, he was appointed the Deputy Chief of Naval Staff the same year. During this time he laid the foundation for the Project 15 Class of Stealth Guided Missile destroyers. He worked in close co-ordination with the DRDO & Bharat Electricals to indigenously design the electronics and Missile systems required for our new Warships. He is instrumental in putting together a long ship building plan which gave The Indian Navy the capability to be self sufficient in building its own up to date warships and missiles.
Werrell 1972 p. 65 The indigenously-designed, unpowered U.S. Navy's Bat anti-ship glide bomb already had an active radar homing system in its nose to locate its intended maritime targets so an American innovation in guidance was an obvious improvement. With its Ford-produced PJ31 pulsejet powerplant, the JB-2 was one of the first attempts at a powered cruise missile for potential usage in America's arsenal. The first launch of a JB-2 took place at Eglin Army Air Field in Florida by the 1st Proving Ground Group on 12 October 1944.
Star Wars was released in Japan in 1978, contributing to that country’s science fiction boom. Its contemporaries included two indigenously-produced films, Toho’s The War in Space and Toei’s Message from Space. Prior to production on The War in Space, Toho offered a contract to author Sakyo Komatsu to write a science fiction film. Komatsu had long desired to make a film comparable to 2001 A Space Odyssey. He took further inspiration from NASA’s Voyager mission to Jupiter and the outer planets. The first draft of “Sayonara Jupiter’s” script was completed in mid-1979.
Under the leadership of PAEC chairman Munir Ahmad Khan, the TPG's theoretical designed bomb was successfully cold tested, codename Kirana-I, in 1983 near at the Kirana Hills. Masud Ahmad, and Riazuddin, had developed the capabilities for more advanced designs of a nuclear device, and reportedly gave the any designs of the nuclear device in a month to PAEC. Since then he has been staying at PAEC as a theoretical physicist. It was Ahmad and Riazuddin's indigenously theoretically designed nuclear devices that Pakistan under Munir Ahmad Khan tested several cold tests in between 1983–1990.
Gun firing trials of Barak 8 missile fired from INS Kochi The Navy use a mix of indigenously developed and foreign made missile systems. These include submarine-launched ballistic missiles, ship-launched ballistic missiles, cruise and anti-ship missiles, air-to-air missiles, surface-to-air missiles, torpedoes, air-to-air guns, main guns and anti- submarine rocket launchers. Its inventory comprises AK 190 gun with a range of , KH-35E 4 Quad Uran, ASW RBU-2000 etc. BrahMos supersonic cruise missile fired from INS Chennai during TROPEX 2017.
Type 13(Top) & Type 22(bottom) Murata rifle. Murata rifle was the first indigenously produced Japanese service rifle adopted in 1880. Japanese troops during the Sino-Japanese War In the early months of 1894, the Donghak Rebellion broke out in southern Korea and had soon spread throughout the rest of the country, threatening the Korea capital Seoul, itself. The Chinese, since the beginning of May had taken steps to prepare the mobilization of their forces in the provinces of Zhili, Shandong and in Manchuria, as a result of the tense situation on the Korean peninsula.
New Labs were designed and constructed indigenously by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) under its chairman Munir Ahmad Khan whereas it project-director was a mechanical engineer, Chaudhry Abdul Majeed. The construction of the facility was led by NESPAK. In the 1960s PAEC contracted the project with British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL), and Saint-Gobain Techniques Nouvelles (SGN). PAEC engineers and scientists led the initial design for a large-scale reprocessing plant with a capacity to re-process 100 tons of fuel per year, while BNFL and SGN provided funds, technical assistance, and nuclear fuel.
However, it was widely acknowledged to be the most sophisticated and modern indigenously developed Indian ladder frame passenger vehicle. It had relatively modern styling, engines, and engineering.M&M; starts production of Xylo The Xylo was launched in India on 13 January 2009, with sales started in March 2009. Prior to its launch, more than 3,000 units were sold in the first full month.Vehicles sales rise in March, but ‘no turnaround in sight' However, since then, sales have slowly declined, it is widely believed that the sales have not lived up to Mahindra's expectations.
The boat was apparently maintaining total radio and radar silence to escape detection, when the accident took place. It has also been reported that the indigenously developed USHUS sonar malfunctioned and played a direct role in the accident. A Navy officer, on condition of anonymity, stated that the MV Leeds Castle was in restricted waters and in that area the ocean depth is not great and thus the reason for the mishap. Other naval officials expressed surprise that how in the high seas, the submarine was cruising at only at a depth of 10 to .
Type 354 Radars are one of the most widely deployed air and surface search naval radars in Chinese service. The Type 354 was predominantly found on major People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) surface combatants such as the Luda class destroyer and Jianghu class frigate in the 1980s and 1990s. By 2006 it was slowly being replaced in favour of the Type 360 radar, which in turn, itself being replaced by Type 364 radar for new vessels. Type 354 is the first generation low altitude air search radar indigenously developed by China.
Under his guidance, CHIRAG became one of the top indigenously manufactured computer brands in India. He was arrested in February 2015 on charges of having forged papers for taking a Rs. 18 crore loan from Industrial Finance Corporation of India. The arrest occurred while Panja was accompanying Mamata as part of the team returning from a visit to Bangladesh, causing widespread media coverage and opposition accusations of harbouring criminals in her court. Banerjee has said that what businessmen in her entourage may have been doing is not related to her.
Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS) located at Kalpakkam about south of Chennai, India, is a comprehensive nuclear power production, fuel reprocessing, and waste treatment facility that includes plutonium fuel fabrication for fast breeder reactors (FBRs). It is also India's first fully indigenously constructed nuclear power station, with two units each generating 220 MW of electricity. The first and second units of the station went critical in 1983 and 1985, respectively. The station has reactors housed in a reactor building with double shell containment improving protection also in the case of a loss-of-coolant accident.
The statistics among Fourth World Peoples - well documented in Sub-Saharan Africa, throughout the Americas and Asia (Ekoé et al. 2001; Joe and Young 1994; Mbanya and Mbanya 2003; McMurray and Smith 2001; Rock 2005)^are even more dire.1 Indigenously populated regions of Australia have been particularly hard hit by the diabetes pandemic; Aboriginal residents of remote settlements are ten times more likely than the broader population to suffer Type 2 diabetes (Cass et al. 2005). In some Aboriginal communities, one in three adults is afflicted with the disease.
According to Olson, he is part of what he refers to as the "Motilone Miracle", which involves indigenously run schools, literacy programs, medical clinics, as well as an effort of the Motilone Bari to introduce Christianity to surrounding tribes.Olson, Bruce. Bruchko. Published by Charisma House, a Strang Company (2006) Since the initial contact in 1650, Bari land has been reduced to 7% of its original mass and the Bari have shifted their production to the gardening of cash crops in order to acquire Western goods which are becoming increasingly integrated into their culture.
Xia Peisu or Pei-su Hsia (; 28 July 1923 – 27 August 2014) was a Chinese computer scientist and educator known for her pioneering research in computer science and technology. The leading developer of Model 107, China's first indigenously designed general-purpose electronic computer, she has been called the "Mother of Computer Science in China". She and her husband Yang Liming were both elected academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991. In 2010, she was honoured with the inaugural Lifetime Achievement Award from the China Computer Federation.
Islamization (also spelled Islamisation, see spelling differences; , ), Islamicization or Islamification, is the process of a society's shift towards the religion of Islam and becoming Muslims, such as found in the Levant, North Africa, Horn of Africa, Iran, Pakistan, Malaysia or Indonesia. In contemporary usage, it may refer to the perceived imposition of an Islamist social and political system on a society with an indigenously different social and political background. The English synonyms, muslimization and arabization, in use since before 1940 (e.g., Waverly Illustrated Dictionary) convey a similar meaning.
Pakistan has previously used the Chinese LS-6 glide bomb with their JF-17 Thunder aircraft. The Takbir appears to be an indigenously produced development of the LS-6, although the nose extension is a new feature. A weapon test in March 2019 involving the JF-17 may have been the first public test of the Takbir, although details in the released video were blacked out. The bomb has a range of about 80 to 100 km, and it can carry 200 to 250 kg of explosive material.
In 1960, Tabanera was named head of the newly created Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales CNIE (National Commission for Space Research), a forerunner agency founded in 1960. CNIE worked with the Argentine Air Force's Instituto de Investigaciones Aeronáuticas y Espaciales (IIAE) to develop a number of indigenous multistage high-altitude sounding rockets and missiles. Argentina was the first country in Latin America to send an object into space using an indigenously-developed rocket. During the 1970s, Argentina regularly launched the American two-stage solid-propellant Castor rocket up to 500 kilometers altitude.
In the early years of his career after graduating from the National Film Institute in Jos, Nigeria in 2006, Edward worked with Nigerian film director, Mak 'Kusare on the movie Ninety Degrees and was part of BBC's production team on the Wetin Dey series. After his work on Wetin Dey, Edward shot The Ties That Bind in Namibia, which was the country's first indigenously produced series. Back in Nigeria, Edward worked on Kunle Afolayan's films The Figurine, Phone Swap and October 1. He also shot Izu Ojukwu's films Alero's Symphony, and '76.
A new high explosive is in the making at a DRDO lab here that could replace other standard explosives of the armed forces such as RDX, HMX, FOX-7 and Amorphous Boron. Scientists at the Pune-based High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) have already synthesised adequate quantity of CL-20, the new explosive, in their laboratory. The powerful explosive can substantially reduce the weight and size of the warhead while packing much more punch. The compound, 'Indian CL-20' or 'ICL-20', was indigenously developed in HEMRL using inverse technology.
Such preparations are orally consumed and typically involve dried kratom leaves which are brewed into tea or ground and placed into capsules. Mitragynine consumption for medicinal and recreation purposes dates back centuries, although early use was primarily limited to Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia and Thailand where the plant grows indigenously. Still today, The kratom leaf is reportedly the most commonly used illicit drug in Thailand where it became listed as a controlled substance in 1943. Recently, mitragynine use has spread throughout Europe and the Americas as both a recreational and medicinal drug.
Nuri (, meaning "world" ), also known as KSLV-II, is South Korea's second carrier rocket and the successor to KSLV-1. Nuri is under development by KARI / Korea Aerospace Research Institute, and is planned to have its first flight in February 2021. All three stages are planned to use indigenously developed rocket engines. The South Korean government has set SpaceX (founded by Elon Musk, and formed by former McDonnell Douglas and TRW alumni) as a 'role model', striving to develop relatively cheap and reliable rockets competitive enough for the commercial launch market.
RISAT-2B, or Radar Imaging Satellite 2B is an Indian radar reconnaissance satellite that is part of India's RISAT programme and the third satellite in the series. It is built by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to replace RISAT-2. It was successfully launched aboard a PSLV C46 rocket at 00:00 GMT on May 21, 2019 from the First Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. RISAT-2B's main sensor is an indigenously developed Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging satellite operating in X Band with 3.6 m radial rib antenna.
As a minister of science and technology, Singh launched India's first indigenously made research vessel named "Sindhu Sadhana" on 14 July 2014 from Mormugao harbour in Goa. In a written response to the Lok Sabha on 31 July, he announced that India had signed cooperative arrangements with 33 countries for "peaceful use of outer space". He further added that areas of co-operation included remote sensing of earth, launch services, satellite communication, telemetry, space exploration and space law. He further launched India's first home-made broad spectrum confocal microscope on 7 October at New Delhi.
2009 Proton Exora H-Line during media preview in Cyberjaya InteriorThe Proton Exora was officially unveiled on 15 April 2009, becoming Malaysia's first indigenously designed MPV. It was offered in two trim variants upon its initial launch, the M-Line and H-Line respectively. Both variants were powered by the 1.6 litre CamPro CPS engine and limited to a four-speed automatic transmission. The new Exora came standard with twin airbags, an Anti-lock braking system (ABS) with Electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) and a Back-up EBD (BEBD) system.
In 2018, CPI Aero reported $83.9 million in gross revenue, $18.1 million in gross profit, and net income of $2.2 million. Approximately half that was in government subcontracts, another 40% in commercial contracts, and the remainder under prime government contracts. Large 2019-2020 contracts include an Air Force contract for T-38C trainer parts, E-2 Hawkeye for Northrup Grumman assemblies, A-10 re-winging for Boeing, parts for Turklish Aerospace Industries's indigenously produced T70 rotorcraft, Hover Infrared Suppression System (HIRSS) for the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk, and structural assemblies for Lockheed's F-16V.
Their inventory of aircraft includes the Mirage 2000H, SEPECAT Jaguar, MIG-27, and Rafale, which was purchased from France. INS Arihant, India's first made SSBN India completed its nuclear triad with the commissioning of in August 2016, which was India's first submarine built indigenously. INS Arihant is a nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine armed with 12 K-15 missiles with a range of 750 km, which will later be upgraded K-4 missiles with an extended range of 3500 km. In November 2017, it tested the BrahMos missile from the Sukhoi-30 MKI platform.
The basic vehicle is powered by indigenously manufactured 6-cylinder, opposed piston, vertical in line, water cooled, two stroke CI engine with uni- flow scavenging coupled to a semiautomatic transmission with 6 forward and 2 reverse speed . suspension is provided by trailing arm type torsion bar with all road wheel stations the vehicle also has secondary torsion bars and double acting telescope shock absorbers in the two front and rear stations. Low ground pressure, adequate power-to-weight ratio improved suspension and final drive result in good mobility of the vehicle.
In 1960, then Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) chairman Dr. Nazir Ahmed made a proposal to the chairman of Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation (PIDC) for the construction of a heavy water plant with production capacity of 50 kg of heavy water per day at Multan, in conjunction with a planned fertilizer factory. However, the PIDC did not immediately act on the PAEC's proposal. Dr. Ishrat Hussain Usmani was head of the PAEC when construction of the plant began. The plant was constructed indigenously by PAEC and financed by Pak Arab Fertilizer (PAF).
Aero Vodochody has been active since its founding in 1919. Between 1929 and 1951, its subsidiary, Aero, manufactured a range of small and medium- sized cars with two-stroke engines, it also briefly produced the Škoda 150 truck between 1946–47 under licence. During the 1950s, Aero Vodochody developed the L-29 Delfin trainer aircraft; it was Czechoslovakia's first indigenously designed jet-powered aircraft. The L-29 is believed to have likely been the biggest aircraft industrial programme to take place across any of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) countries except for the Soviet Union itself.
Russia's Baltic Shipyard was contracted to provide four sets of line shafts while the Zorya gas turbines of the ship were sourced in Ukraine.L&T; has been contracted to provide Integrated Platform Management System, Automated Power Management System, main switchboard, degaussing system and DA local control panels. According to the Indian Navy, 65 percent of the class will be indigenously sourced, including eleven of its weapon and sensor systems. The class have a length of 163 m (535 ft), a beam of 17.4 m (57 ft) and a draught of 6.5 m (21 ft) and a maximum speed of over 30 knots.
The locomotive has two cabs for easy reversal, both of which are air conditioned and crash-worthy to sustain frontal collisions. The locomotive is part of a 13-year contract between Indian Railways and GE Transportation under which 700 such locomotives will be produced indigenously. Diesel Locomotive Factory in Marhowra, Bihar was set up by GE for the production and supply of these locomotives which is also seen as a boost to the Make in India initiative. The maintenance of the locomotive will be GE's responsibility which will also have to ensure that 95% of the fleet is ready at all times.
Of course, I had to > avail of a duplicate in female garb to enact her stunts. Even so, Padma had > become an adept in fight sequences and her youth and beauty added glamour to > the film. It was the box office success of 'The Amazon' which had induced me > to sign Fearless Nadia in my talkies to come, with whom I was to make that > super-stunt film 'Hunterwali' and take the Indian film world by storm. > (Wadia 1978: ch. 43).” Kisan Kanya starring Padma Devi is the first indigenously made color movie which was released in 1937.
By the 1980s, the South African aviation industry had attained the level of technical capability to make a large and sophisticated upgrade possible. These factors contributed to the SAAF making the decision to authorise an extensive upgrade programme involving one of the existing types in service. Furthermore, the development of an advanced indigenously-developed fighter, known as the Atlas Carver, was also initiated around the same time. During the 1980s, the SAAF's fast jet fleet consisted of multiple variants of the French-built Dassault Mirage III (EZ/CZ/BZ/DZ/D2Z/RZ/R2Z) and Mirage F1 (AZ/CZ) aircraft.
Soko G-2 Galeb of the Yugoslav Air Force exhibited by the company at the 1963 Paris Air Show During 1964, production of the Galeb commenced, making it the first indigenously- developed jet aircraft to enter mass production in Yugoslavia (the first jet- powered plane built by Yugoslavia was the Ikarus 451M in 1952, which did not enter production)."Twenty-Sixth SBAC Show... Military Research Aircraft." Flight International, 19 September 1968. p. 450. A ground attack-orientated derivative of the Galeb, named the J-21 Jastreb, was also developed shortly thereafter;Flight International, 28 November 1968. p. 904.
Software exports stood at 710.66 Crores (7.1 billion) for the financial year 2009–10 up 90% from the previous year. Coimbatore has a large and a diversified manufacturing sector facilitated by the presence of research institutes like Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, SITRA and large number of engineering colleges producing about 50,000 engineers annually. Coimbatore is one of major manufacturers of automotive components in India with car manufacturers Maruti Udyog and Tata Motors sourcing up to 30% of their automotive components from the city. India's first indigenously developed diesel engines for cars was manufactured in Coimbatore in 1972.
In 1976, the Warsaw Institute of Aeronautics (Polish: Instytut Lotnictwa) initiated work on a program to develop a new jet-powered trainer aircraft; this was primarily envisioned to replace the Polish Air Force's existing TS-11 Iskra fleet, an indigenously-developed first generation jet trainer aircraft. A key feature of the new type would be its PZL K-15 turbojet engines, which were also locally designed by the Warsaw Institute of Aeronautics. Subsequently dubbed Iryda, the aircraft was designed by PZL Mielec (then WSK- Mielec). On 3 March 1985, the first prototype conducted the type's maiden flight.
Some of the equipment for them are manufactured indigenously by the Indian Ordnance Factories, while other items are obtained from foreign suppliers. Currently, the Indian Army is upgrading the equipment of these units by procuring lighter body armour, personal communication sets, anti- materiel rifles and various other mission specific equipment.. A deal worth $5.75 million was signed with M/S B&T; Switzerland for the acquisition of 1,568 advanced Brügger & Thomet MP9 sub-machine guns for the Ghatak platoons of infantry battalions. Additionally, door breaching ammunition and non-lethal systems like stun grenades and ballistic shields are being procured for counter-insurgency operations.
At Akbarpur, he gave of land for setting up the first Gandhi Ashram in India to promote the production and sale of indigenously manufactured Khadi clothes. The Hindi daily newspaper Aaj, a publication of Jnanamandal Limited was started by Gupta in 1920 in order to facilitate the Indian struggle for freedom. Gupta was associated with the Indian National Congress as its Treasurer for many years. He founded Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth in Varanasi, which is now a University to give a chance to those youth to complete their education, who had left their studies in between, to join the Indian struggle for freedom.
Xakriabá says that the lack of female representation is one of the causes for violence against indigenous women in Brazil. According to her, women's influence also is limited by the way Brazilian schools present the history of colonization, which makes native societies seem more primitive and patriarchal than what she believes they were. Xakriabá says that the colonial processes of genocide and ethnocide begin with killing off the indigenous peoples, followed by the destruction of indigenous identity, and lastly, the destruction of indigenous knowledge. Xakriabá has defended indigenously directed and produced cinema, saying that it promotes native knowledge.
Militant groups involved in violence include Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades. They waged a high-intensity campaign of guerrilla warfare against Israeli military and civilian targets inside Israel and in the occupied territory, utilizing tactics such as ambushes, sniper attacks, and suicide bombings. Military equipment was mostly imported, while some light arms, hand grenades and explosive belts, assault rifles, and Qassam rockets were indigenously produced. They also increased use of remote-controlled landmines against Israeli armor, a tactic that was highly popular among the poorly armed groups.
In response to INS Arihant, India's first nuclear submarine, the Pakistan Navy pushed forward a proposal to build its own nuclear submarine as a direct response to the Indian nuclear submarine program. Many military experts believe that Pakistan has the capability of building a nuclear submarine and is ready to build such a fleet. In February 2012, the Navy announced it would start work on the construction of a nuclear submarine to better meet the Indian Navy's nuclear threat. According to the Navy, the nuclear submarine is an ambitious project, and will be designed and built indigenously.
Smith 1994, p. 157. HAL chose to adopt the British-sourced Rolls Royce Viper 11 turbojet engine, capable of generating up to of thrust, to serve as its powerplant. According to Smith, the development of what would become Kiran proved beneficial to other HAL projects, the design team being later redeployed to the HF-24 Marut, an indigenously designed fighter-bomber.Smith 1994, p. 157. On 4 September 1964, a prototype performed the type's maiden flight.Taylor 1982, p. 92. The initial production aircraft was designated Kiran I; during March 1968, the first deliveries of the pre-production aircraft were made to the IAF.
It was the first Indian company to deploy a catalytic converter in a 100 cc motorcycle and the first to indigenously produce a four stroke motorcycle. The list of firsts from the firm include: India's first 2-seater moped – TVS 50, India's first Digital Ignition - TVS Champ, India's first fully indigenous motorcycle - Victor, First Indian company to launch ABS in a motorcycle - Apache RTR Series, Indonesia's first dual-tone exhaust noise technology – Tormax. And a recent launch - India's first connected scooter TVS NTORQ which claims to be India's first Bluetooth Connected Scooter with features like Call Assistance, Navigation etc.
Advanced Air Defence (AAD) interceptor missile India has an active ABM development effort using indigenously developed and integrated radars, and indigenous missiles.Interview: Vijay Kumar Saraswat Chief Controller of Research and Development, India's DRDO In November 2006, India successfully conducted the PADE (Prithvi Air Defence Exercise) in which an anti-ballistic missile, called the Prithvi Air Defence (PAD), an exo- atmospheric (outside the atmosphere) interceptor system, intercepted a Prithvi-II ballistic missile. The PAD missile has the secondary stage of the Prithvi missile and can reach altitude of . During the test, the target missile was intercepted at a altitude.
Produced with 80 percent indigenously developed technology and 100% domestically developed software, the satellite offers high-resolution imagery of resolution at panchromatic, at multispectral (VNIR) and at SWIR band. It is Turkey's second national satellite following RASAT, which was launched from Russia on August 17 the same year. For the telecommunication, it has three S band receivers and transmitters. Göktürk-2 later put its solar panels into service, and began the week after the launch to send data and its first images, which were from the US, Brazil, India as well as Turkey's western city of Izmir.
Brazil's first indigenously built oil platform, operated by petroleum industry giant Petrobras, one of the world's largest corporations by revenue and market cap. Brazil is the largest country in Latin America in terms of population, GDP and land area. It has the seventh largest population, ninth largest GDP, eleventh largest defence budget, and has the fifth largest land area in the world. It is one of only five countries that ranks among the top ten globally both in terms of physical size, population, and GDP (the others being fellow G4 member India, together with China, Russia and the United States).
The Oroko occupy the Ndian and Meme mangrove plains as well as the most part of the Rumpi Hills towards the Bakossi Mountains to the northeast and the Ejagham forest to the northwest. The Ndian and Meme rivers, together with the Massaka and Makunge rivers form the major watersheds of the Cameroonian coast, northwest of the Cameroons River. All rivers played significant roles in the migration and settlement of the Oroko people. There are currently 250 known Oroko towns and villages, the largest semi-urban center being Ekondo Titi and the largest indigenously settled community being Dikome Balue.
Tests and HMX The nuclear device was indigenously developed by the PAEC's research wing, Directorate of Technical Development (DTD), headed by Mr. Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi."Pakistan Became a Nuclear State in 1983-Dr. Samar", The Nation, (Islamabad) 2 May 2003 accessed on 6 August 2009 Also, it was Qureshi's designed and developed plutonium-based nuclear device, which was developed during the period of the 1980s under the umbrella of Project-706. Pakistan, under the leadership of Samar Mubarakmand, who tested the two nuclear device on 30 May 1998 at the Kharan desert, with the codename Chagai- II.
The origin of SJT class ROUV begins with HR-01 (Hai-Ren Yi-Hao, 海人一号, literal meaning: Sea Person # 1), one of the first indigenously developed ROUVs. Work begun in 1981 and the ROUV entered service in the winter of 1985. HR-01 is equipped with manipulator and underwater sensors, with a maximum operating depth of 200 meters, and in 1989, it won the 2nd place in the Science and Technology Advance Award of Chinese Academy of Science. Despite its successful application, HR-01 did not enter series production, and work was redirected to JH-01 ROUV.
The PRC is under the impression that coalition forces moved some 2,700 tons of weaponized CW agent near the Persian Gulf during the Gulf War (1991). With regard to the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), the PRC probably believes that for a country to clandestinely produce large amounts of chemical weapons and not be discovered is impossible. China was able to indigenously mass- produce CW defense equipment only by the mid-1970s. A nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) defense reconnaissance vehicle recently was modified by the PLA using a chassis from the Beijing-Jeep line of SUVs.
As a result, the IUA's support base was severely limited to certain sections of the population, described as usually being "Protestant, anglicised, propertied and aristocratic". Although their numbers were small, a considerable amount of industry in Southern Ireland had been developed indigenously by Southern Unionist supporters. These included Jacob's Biscuits, Bewley's, Beamish and Crawford, Brown Thomas, Cantrell & Cochrane, Denny's Sausages, Findlaters, Jameson's Whiskey, W.P. & R. Odlum, Cleeve's, R&H; Hall, Dockrell's, Arnott's, Elverys, Goulding Chemicals, Smithwick's, The Irish Times and the Guinness brewery, then southern Ireland's largest company. They controlled financial entities such as the Bank of Ireland and Goodbody Stockbrokers.
Indian Arjun main battle tank The Arjun (Sanskrit: अर्जुन) is India's third generation main battle tank developed by India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), for the Indian Army. The tank is named for Arjun, a character in the Indian epic, Mahabharata. The Arjun features a 120 mm main rifled gun with indigenously developed APFSDS ammunition, one 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun, and a 12.7 mm machine gun. It is powered by a single MTU multi-fuel diesel engine rated at 1,400 hp, and can achieve a maximum speed of and a cross-country speed of .
The J-13 was to be a single-engine, single-seat, light-weight, indigenously developed, air-superiority fighter. The J-13's finalised design was a cantilever winged fighter with fuselage side-mounted air intakes. The airframe was designed for high speed and high-altitude interception with limited secondary air-to-ground capabilities, the J-13 possessed a service ceiling of over 19,000 metres, a maximum speed of mach 2.45 and a climb rate of 254 m/s (50,000 ft/min). The maximum range has been stated to be 2340 km and a maximum overload of +9Gs.
Front view of Type 341 radar deployed on Type 053H3 Frigate. Photo taken at IMDEX 2007, Singapore The Type 341 Radar is a fire control radar in conjection with the Type 76A dual-37mm automatic AAA gun used on a number of early PLA-N frigates and destroyers, and it has been succeeded by Type 347 Radar in Chinese service. Type 341 is the first generation gun control radar indigenously developed in China and it is used to control 30 mm and 37 mm guns. Type 341 radar can direct two guns simultaneously against a single target.
Since the company's early years, particularly under the guise of IRMA, it has specialised in the overhaul of various types of aircraft. Specifically, it was involved in the repair and services of numerous Soviet aircraft, including the Li-2, IL-14, IL-18, Antonov An-2, An-24, An-26 and An-30. The company also produced a number of indigenously-developed aircraft, which were categorised as either light aircraft or agricultural aircraft: IAR-818, IAR-821, and IAR-822. During 1968, IRMA secured an arrangement to manufacture the British Britten-Norman Islander, a popular twin-engined multipurpose aircraft.
SNCASO (abbreviated from Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du sud-ouest, or commonly, Sud-Ouest) was a French aircraft manufacturer. Created during 1936 as one of seven nationalised aeronautical manufacturing companies, SNCASO became a key French aircraft manufacturer following the end of the Second World War. It produced numerous innovation aircraft; amongst the company's more notable projects was the first French jet aircraft, the Sud- Ouest Triton, and the first indigenously-developed French helicopter, the Sud- Ouest Djinn. On 1 March 1957, SNCASO merged with another French nationalised aviation company, SNCASE, (Société nationale de constructions aéronautiques du sud-est), to form Sud Aviation.
It is the oldest known civilization in the Americas and one of the five sites where civilization originated independently and indigenously in the ancient world, flourishing between the 30th and 18th centuries BC. It pre-dated the Mesoamerican Olmec civilization by nearly two millennia. It was contemporaneous with the Egypt following the unification of its kingdom under Narmer and the emergence of the first Egyptian hieroglyphics. Monumental architecture, including earthwork platform mounds and sunken plazas have been identified as part of the civilization. Archaeological evidence points to the use of textile technology and the worship of common god symbols.
The Bhilai steel plant has created steel for one of the Railways' most challenging projects, construction of the railway line and plane network between Jammu and Baramulla at an investment of . BSP has also developed a special grade of TMT rebars for use in the high altitude tunnel inside the Banihal Pass. BSP had also developed the special soft iron magnetic plates for the prestigious India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) project of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). It has also developed special grade high- tensile (DMR249A) steel for building India's first indigenously built anti- submarine warfare corvette, INS Kamorta The plant was further expanded on 14 June 2018.
The Sammamish (; indigenously, ) people were a Coast Salish Native American tribe in the Sammamish River Valley in central King County, Washington. Their name is variously translated as ssts'p-abc ("meander dwellers", a group residing around Bothell), s-tah-PAHBSH ("willow people") or as Samena ("hunter people"), which was corrupted into Sammamish. According to Hitchman, it does not mean "hunter people", the name is derived from samma, meaning "the sound of the blue crane" and mish, meaning "river." The name may have originated with the Snoqualmie—some tribal members once lived along the lake near the bottom of Inglewood Hill—but this has not been verified.
The yard has delivered two of India's largest double hull Aframax tankers each of 95,000 DWT. CSL has secured shipbuilding orders from internationally renowned companies from Europe & Middle East and is nominated to build the country's first indigenously built Air Defence Ship. The Cochin Shipyard also builds ships for the Indian Navy. Shipyard commenced ship repair operations in the year 1982 and has undertaken repairs of all types of ships including upgradation of ships of oil exploration industry as well as periodical lay up repairs and life extension of ships of Navy, UTL, Coast Guard, Fisheries and Port Trust besides merchant ships of SCI & ONGC.
It is akin to European décolletage, however it is more indigenously Indonesian by using local fabrics such as batik, ikat, tenun, or songket, and simply secured by folding and slipping the cloth edges and tying the knot. Traditionally, Javanese women wear two pieces of cloth; the lower one is wrapped around the hips covering lower parts of body (hips, thighs and legs) and is called as kain or sarung, while the piece that is wrapped about the upper body (chest and torso) is called kemben. Kemben is comfortable to wear in the hot and humid climate of tropical Indonesia, as it eases ventilation and perspiration.
Middleton and Lowe 1988, pp. 19–20. Out of these efforts emerged the T-4, a clean-sheet indigenously-developed trainer aircraft. According to aerospace publication Flight International, it was considered plausible for the T-4 to have been a competitive product upon the global trainer aircraft market if it had been priced appropriately, but such export opportunities were denied by a long-standing Japanese policy that forbids any military export sales. As such, there was no realistic prospect of the type being sold to overseas customers and it was developed for the onset with the understanding that the T-4 would be used only by the JASDF.
Zhan Tianyou, the "father of China's railways" The rapid expansion of foreign railroad ownership and operation in China aroused strong public resentment and led to calls for domestic development of railways. To help local economies develop and retain earnings from railways, the Qing government in 1904 permitted local provinces to organize their own railway companies and raise funds by selling shares to the public. From 1904–1907, 15 provincial governments formed their own railway building companies and raised funds by selling shares to citizens and levying taxes. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway built from 1905–09, was the first railway to be designed and built indigenously.
The 7th Academy consequently ordered the 705th Research Institute to lead a team consisting of No. 724 Factory, Pinyang Machinery Factory (平阳机械厂) in Houma, Shanxi, and East Wind Instrumentation Factory (东风仪表厂) in Xi'an to indigenously manufacture Soviet-designed compressed-oxygen-powered torpedoes. In 1962, Field Marshal Nie Rongzhen ordered resources to be concentrated on achieving the goal of fielding “two boats and a torpedo”. The two boats were a torpedo boat and a submarine, the torpedo being classed as a heavy torpedo of 533 mm diameter. In July, 1962, researchers at 705th Institute concluded that compressed-oxygen- powered torpedoes were unsafe.
When the Chinese nuclear submarine program begun in the early 1960s, the design of torpedoes which would be used on the nuclear submarines was also started in conjunction. A research team was first formed in the winter of 1964 by the 705th Research Institute, and it was decided that priority should be given to acoustic homing ASW torpedo. China was able to indigenously provide two types of propulsion systems, electrical and steam, but electrical propulsion could not provide the speed required, so the steam propulsion was selected. However, the steam propulsion had its own problem: there were two types of steam propulsion engines, reciprocating engine and steam turbine engine.
The BT-2 tank of 1932 - Walter Christie's tank design built under licence in the Soviet Union, with indigenously- designed turret Christie advocated the use of lightweight tanks with long range and high speed, designed to penetrate enemy lines and attack their infrastructure and logistics capabilities. A major problem with tanks during World War I was problems with the tracked suspension breaking down before the tank reached action. Christie's first tank design of 1919 could be driven on its wheels to get to the starting point and then the tracks fitted before it went into action. The US Tank Corps ordered a single tank from Christie's company based on this design.
CRPF uses basic Infantry weapons which are manufactured indigenously at the Indian Ordnance Factories under control of the Ordnance Factories Board: # Pistol Auto 9mm 1A and Glock 17 9 mm pistols # Heckler & Koch MP5 replacing the Carbine 1A 9 mm sub-machine guns # INSAS 5.56 mm assault rifles # INSAS 5.56 mm light machine guns replacing the Bren L4 machine guns CRPF CoBRA trooper # AGS-30 Plamya 30 mm automatic grenade launcher # AKM for counter-insurgency # Tavor TAR-21 # Micro Tavor (X95) Bullpup. # FN MAG # OFB 51mm Mortar # OFB 81mm Mortar # Carl Gustav 84 mm recoilless rifles # MSMC 5.56 minsas In addition to these, CRPF also uses land mine detectors.
Indian Navy-US Navy bilateral exercise, MALABAR 2013 commenced on 5 November 2013 and continued until 11 November 2013 in the Bay of Bengal. Events planned during the 'At-Sea' phase included professional exchanges and embarkations; communications exercises; Surface Action Group operations; leapfrogs; helicopter cross-deck evolutions; gunnery exercises; Visit Board Search and Seizure (VBSS) and anti-submarine warfare (ASW). Participation from the US Navy includes the Arleigh Burke-class guided- missile destroyer USS McCampbell (DDG 85) and a P-3 Orion aircraft. Indian Navy participation includes the indigenously built frigate INS Shivalik (F47), the guided missile destroyer INS Ranvijay (D55) and Tupolev Tu-142 Maritime Reconnaissance aircraft.
After India test-fired the first Prithvi missile in 1988, and the Agni missile in 1989, the Missile Technology Control Regime (then an informal grouping established in 1987 by Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States) decided to restrict access to any technology that would help India in its missile development program. To counter the MTCR, the IGMDP team formed a consortium of DRDO laboratories, industries and academic institutions to build these sub-systems, components and materials. Though this slowed down the progress of the program, India successfully developed indigenously all the restricted components denied to it by the MTCR.
In terms of major surface ships, Iran relies on its s as well as the new s which were indigenously developed in Iran and are reverse engineered Alvand class with modern electronics, radar and armament. Iran's three destroyers are over 50 years old and are kept in material reserve at Bushehr. The navy does not include capital ships; its largest ships are four frigates and three corvettes, all of which are armed with modern anti-ship missiles. The main focus of the IRI Navy seems to be on developing new frigates, corvettes and medium to large fast boats capable of carrying modern, precision anti-ship missiles.
Vijayanta, the first Indian manufactured battle tank of the Indian Army was dedicated to future generations of Josephites by alumni who joined the Indian Army. The memorandum stone states "May this trophy symbolizing the gallant Indian Armed Forces motivate the future generations of the school to achieve unprecedented glory in every field of their endeavor". The "Vijayanta" tank is an indigenously made tank known for its role in the Indo-Pakistani wars of 1965 and 1971. The college also has a Mig 21 supersonic fighter jet aircraft gifted to the students by the then-Air Chief Marshal of the Indian Air Force and a former alumnus, Norman Anil Kumar Browne.
Kim participated in setting up the organization of the smart UAV development program which was started in July 2002 as one of the Frontier R&D; Programs supported by the South Korean government. After his inauguration, Kim led the completion of transition flight and test flew the smart UAV. Thus, South Korea became the second country which indigenously developed the core technologies for tilt-rotor aircraft. With the Smart UAV program KARI acquired original technologies of future PAV (Personal Aerial Vehicle) and is now working with industries to put the tilt-rotor UAV system to practical uses and to generate subsequent programs for production.
Elbe Flugzeugwerke GmbH (literally: Elbe aircraft factory, commonly abbreviated as EFW) is an aerospace manufacturer based in Dresden, Germany. It was established during 1955 as VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden (VEB). Early projects included the licensed production of Ilyushin Il-14 airliners and the development of an indigenously developed four-engined jetliner, the Baade 152, which was terminated during the flight testing phase following the loss of the first prototype. Between 1961 and 1990, the majority of VEB's activities centered around support and overhaul services for Soviet-designed fighters and helicopters for Warsaw Pact air forces, as well as the civil airliners of the East German airline Interflug.
The late 1950s saw a great leap in capability for the Chinese aviation industry with a wealth of indigenously designed aircraft projects, one of which was the Capital-1. The Capital-1 bore a close resemblance to the contemporary Antonov An-14 Ptchelka, being twin-engined, twin-tailed with strut supported monoplane wings and fixed tricycle undercarriage, stub lower wing bracing the undercarriage and wing strutsand a podlike fuselage terminating in a boom carrying the tail-unit. Powered by two M-11FR engines in helmeted cowlings, the Capital-1 had a mediocre performance with relatively short range and limited payload. Production of the aircraft was not continued past the prototype stage.
There was a lengthy interval between the submissions and the British government making any decisions regarding the requirement. Wood observed that there was considerable pressure within the British aircraft industry for an indigenously developed design to be favoured, which had perhaps dissuaded the government from opting for a collaborative programme with the Americans despite explorations of such arrangements.Wood 1975, p. 226. A second issue of the requirement called for the presence of four deflected thrust engines, which were to be suitably augmented by several lift engines housed underneath the wings to allow the aircraft to achieve a viable Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) capability.
In 1969, after a long negotiation, the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) signed a formal agreement to supply Pakistan with a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant capable of extracting of weapons-grade plutonium annually. PAEC selected a team five senior scientists, including geophysicist Dr. Ahsan Mubarak, who were sent to Sellafield to receive technical training. Later Mubarak's team advised the government not to acquire the whole reprocessing plant, only key parts important to building the weapons, while the plant would be built indigenously. The PAEC in 1970 began work on a pilot-scale plant at Dera Ghazi Khan for the concentration of uranium ores.
A goldsmith workshop during the mid-seventeenth century Gold has been worked by humans in all cultures where the metal is available, either indigenously or imported, and the history of these activities is extensive. Superbly made objects from the ancient cultures of Africa, Asia, Europe, India, North America, Mesoamerica, and South America grace museums and collections throughout the world. Some pieces date back thousands of years and were made using many techniques that still are used by modern goldsmiths. Techniques developed by some of those goldsmiths achieved a skill level that was lost and remained beyond the skills of those who followed, even to modern times.
It was also in 1848 that he read Thomas Paine's book Rights of Man and developed a keen sense of social justice. He realized that lower castes and women were at a disadvantage in Indian society, and also that education of these sections was vital to their emancipation.To this end and in the same year, Phule first taught reading and writing to his wife, Savitribai, and then the couple started the first indigenously-run school for girls in Pune.In his book Gulamgiri, Phule says that the first school was for Brahmin and upper caste girls, however Phule's biographer says it was for low caste girls.
KUV100 uses Mahindra’s first ever indigenously developed 1.2-litre 3-cylinder mFalcon G80, multi point fuel injection (MPFI) with Dual Variable Valve Timing petrol engine with output of 61 kW (82 bhp) @ 5500 rpm of maximum power and 115 Nm @ 3500-3600 rpm of peak torque. It also promises to deliver a fuel consumption of 18.15 km/l. Its diesel variant uses a 1.2-litre 3-cylinder mFalcon D75, turbocharger with intercooler, common rail Direct Injection technology engine. It is capable of delivering 57.4 kW (77 bhp) @ 3750 rpm of power and 190 Nm @ 1750-2250 rpm of torque with the help of a 5-speed manual gearbox.
The Arjun (Sanskrit: अर्जुन, in Classical Sanskrit and in Hindi) is a third generation main battle tank developed by India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), for the Indian Army. The tank is named after Arjun, the archer prince who is the main protagonist of the Indian epic Mahabharata. The Arjun features a 120 mm main rifled gun with indigenously developed armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding-sabot ammunition, one PKT 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun, and a NSVT 12.7 mm machine gun. It is powered by a single MTU multi-fuel diesel engine rated at 1,400 hp, and can achieve a maximum speed of and a cross-country speed of .
The Hanul Nuclear Power Plant in South Korea, as of 2019 the second highest generating output in the world, by means of operating six power reactors with two additional indigenously-designed APR-1400 generation-III reactors under construction. South Korea exported the APR design to the United Arab Emirates, where four of these reactors are under construction at Barakah nuclear power plant. Zero-emission nuclear power is an important part of the climate change mitigation effort. Under IEA Sustainable Development Scenario by 2030 nuclear power and CCUS would have generated 3900 TWh globally while wind and solar 8100 TWh with the ambition to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070.
Badr-A (, meaning Full Moon-A) was the first artificial and the first digital communications satellite launched by Pakistan's supreme national space authority — the SUPARCO — in 1990. The Badr-A was Pakistan's first indigenously developed and manufactured digital communications and an experimental artificial satellite which was launched into low Earth orbit by Pakistan on 16 July 1990, through a Chinese carrier rocket. The launch ushered new military, technological, and scientific developments in Pakistan and also provided data on radio-signal distribution in the ionosphere. Originally planned to be launched from the United States in 1986, the Challenger disaster furthered delayed the launch of the satellite which changed the plan.
In 2009, the Indian Space Research Organisation proposed a budget of for its human spaceflight programme. According to the Space Commission, which recommended the budget, an uncrewed flight will be launched after sevenyears from the final approval and a crewed mission will be launched after seven years of funding. If realised in the stated time-frame, India will become the fourth nation, after the USSR, USA and China, to successfully carry out crewed missions indigenously. Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi announced in his Independence Day address of 15 August 2018 that India will send astronauts into space by 2022 on the new Gaganyaan spacecraft.
The tank is projected to have a smoothbore gun and will include CBRN defense elements, to protect it from chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons. The planned maximum speed is set at , provided by an engine (the first two batches will have engines), and the MBTs will be able to function under of water. The tank will benefit both from indigenously developed systems and from the cannon technology of the South Korean K2 Black Panther, accorded by an agreement signed with South Korea. The first two batches will be powered by the MTU engines whereas the last two batches will be powered by an indigenous 1,800 hp engine.
In the era of Great Leap Forward, PLAN decided to indigenously develop a midget sub for coastal defense, and the midget sub was to adopt the newest hull form, the teardrop hull. Unlike the normal development process where approval is given first before work start, the design begun first and approval was asked and given afterward. Naval Engineer department of the People's Liberation Army Engineering Institute (PLAEI), the predecessor of Harbin Engineering University (HEU) was tasked to design the midget sub. The design team consisted of a team of student led by Professor Yu Hong-Sen (俞鸿森), and the design task was used as the student’s graduation project.
The satellite will act as a testbed for the modular I-6K satellite bus, carrying experimental technologies such as ion thrusters for manoeuvring and stabilisation, active thermal control using thermal radiators, a miniaturised inertial reference unit, indigenously produced lithium-ion batteries, and C-band traveling-wave-tube amplifiers. Rather than traditional transponders, GSAT-19 carries four Ku/Ka-band forward link beams and four Ku/Ka-band return link beams, providing much higher data throughput than India's previous communications satellites. It additionally carries a Geostationary Radiation Spectrometer (GRASP) payload, which will "monitor and study the nature of charged particles and the influence of space radiation on satellites and their electronic components".
Ahmed satellite station is the second-oldest satellite station in India. Built with the intention of providing New Delhi with satellite coverage and promoting cross-country exchange of information, the satellite station was inaugurated on 25 February 1977 and named after the former president Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed. The station was reputably built at a cost of ₹10 crore, with 60% of the station built indigenously and the other fraction purchased with help from a loan from Canada. It was built to conform to the strictest of standards of the times and was predicted to be 99.99% accurate, with its tracking system accurate to 1/100 of a degree.
Of this 50%, 74% (approximately €2.9 billion or ₹22,200 crore) was to come from purchase of goods and services from India, which was expected to bolster the government's efforts to promote Indian defence equipment manufacturers. On 3 October 2016, Reliance Group and Dassault Aviation issued a joint statement announcing the creation of a 51:49 joint venture named Dassault Reliance Aerospace Limited (DRAL) to focus on aero structures, electronics and engine components as well as to foster research and development projects under the "Indigenously Designed Developed and Manufactured" (IDDM) initiative. Dassault intended to invest in excess of €100 million in the joint venture as part of its offset obligations.
Srinivasan's early assignments at ISRO included the development of Rohini satellite and later, the initiation of satellite launch vehicle (SLV) from 1973 onwards. In 1980, when A. P. J. Abdul Kalam started his work on SLV-3, Srinivasan assisted him as the deputy director of the project and successfully launched the vehicle. The duo launched several SLV-3 flights in the ensuing years till he was moved to the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) project, the first indigenously designed Indian Satellite Launch Vehicle. In 1988, he became the director of the Integrated Launch Vehicle Program but continued to be associated with PSLV and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) programs.
It has continued to diversify its operations ever since through both joint ventures and greenfield investments. By 1994, the Group had become so diverse that it undertook a fundamental reorganization, dividing into six Strategic Business Units: Automotive; Farm Equipment; Infrastructure; Trade and Financial Services; Information Technology; and Automotive Components (known internally as Systech). The new Managing Director, Anand Mahindra, followed this reorganization with a new logo in 2000 and the successful launch of the Mahindra Scorpio (a wholly indigenously designed vehicle) in 2002. Together with an overhaul in production and manufacturing methods, these changes helped make the company more competitive, and since then the Group's reputation and revenues have risen noticeably.
He and his colleagues developed indigenously-built phase locked super- regenerative oscillator-detectors and pulsed Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) double resonance system. They also investigated the high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance of small molecules dissolved in liquid crystalline, the alternating linewidth in Electron Spin Resonance, coupling constants in nuclear magnetic resonance, and Sternheimer shielding and anti-shielding factors employing Hartree–Fock method. His expertise in the field prompted Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences to seek his assistance when they decided to establish one of the first magnetic resonance imaging facilities in the country which he successfully accomplished. He also worked on developing a magnetic resonance microscopy as an imaging tool for biological research.
As a part of an embassy to India by Timurid leader Shah Rukh (1405–1447), 'Abd al-Razzaq mentioned naphtha- throwers mounted on elephants and a variety of pyrotechnics put on display. Roger Pauly has written that "while gunpowder was primarily a Chinese innovation," the saltpeter that led to the invention of gunpowder may have arrived from India, although it is also likely that it originates indigenously in China. Firearms known as top-o-tufak also existed in the Vijayanagara Empire of India by as early as 1366 CE. In 1368–1369, the Bahmani Sultanate may have used firearms against the Vijayanagara, but these weapons could have been pyrotechnics as well.Early Use of Cannon and Musket in India p.
The Spanish Civil War also convinced Soviet war planners that the air force was most effective when used in close cooperation with ground forces. Nonetheless, after the war, Marshal Vasili Sokolovsky admitted that the Soviets would have gladly launched a strategic bombing offensive had they the capability. In reality, the Soviets never geared aircraft production towards long-range bombers, beyond the small force of indigenously designed and produced Petlyakov Pe-8 four-engined "heavies", and so never had enough to mount an effective campaign. The land-based nature of warfare on the Eastern Front also required closer cooperation between the air forces and ground troops than did, for example, the defence of Great Britain.
China's military-industrial complex, the third largest in the world, produced a wide variety of weapons, including light arms and ammunition, armor, artillery, combat aircraft, fast-attack craft, frigates, destroyers, conventional and nuclear submarines, electronic equipment, tactical missiles, and ballistic missiles. With the notable exception of China's indigenously produced nuclear submarines, nuclear missiles, and satellites, most Chinese weaponry was based on Soviet designs of the 1950s and 1960s. Much of this equipment was obsolete or obsolescent, and beginning in the late 1970s China made great efforts to upgrade the equipment by changing indigenous design or by incorporating Western technology. The greatest weaknesses were in conventional arms, precision-guided munitions, electronic warfare, and command, control, communications, and intelligence.
Advertisement in the Times of India of 25 May 1912 announcing the screening of the first feature film of India, Pundalik, by Dadasaheb Torne Raja Harishchandra Marathi cinema is the oldest form of Indian cinema. The first Marathi movie released in India was Shree Pundalik by Dadasaheb Torne on 18 May 1912 at Coronation Cinematograph, Mumbai. Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the first pioneer and founder of cinema in pre-Independence India. He brought the revolution of moving images to India with his first indigenously made film Raja Harishchandra in 1913, which is considered by IFFI and NIFD as part of Marathi cinema as it used Marathi dialogues while shooting and had a fully Marathi crew.
Tibetan kong par tangka, dated 13-45 (= AD 1791),reverseTibetan kong par tangka, dated 13-45 (= AD 1791),obverse The first indigenously minted Tibetan tangkas which were produced on a large scale are known as the Kong-par tangkas. The Kong-par tangkas were struck from 1791 to 1891. The design of these tangkas remained nearly invariable for several decades. Five different types can be identified based on details of design. Total five dates are found in these coins, 13-45 (1791), 13-46 (1792), 13-47 (1793), 15-24 (1890) and 15-25 (1891). Most of these coins bear the same date, 13-46 (1792) regardless of the year they were actually struck (numismatists refer to "frozen dates").
Cerveza Gallo Historia de la cervecería guatemalteca Retrieved on, 7 November 2014. In other traditions, the Oktoberfest is held in Guatemala City, Cobán, San Juan Chamelco, Zacapa, Quetzaltenango and Antigua Guatemala, this celebration was introduced by the Germans and became very popular. Today in Cobán, the Alta Verapaz departmental governmental seat, extant 19th century German stylistic and cultural tastes can be noted in houses, cathedrals, parks, clock towers, in the administrative palace, and as well in other Alta Verapaz cities such as San Juan Chamelco. As a consequence of expropriation of indigenously-owned land, which were deemed putatively as ejidos in the 19th century, dire poverty continues to affect indigenous peoples in Alta Verapaz.
The language has its own internal dictionary and el-Gheithy created a whole culture and history in his mind.Article in the Los Angeles Times, April 27, 2005 In this context, the actual language spoken by the Tobosa people of the fictional Democratic Republic of Matobo, although known as 'Ku' to foreigners, is indigenously known as Chitob uk u which literally means 'the language of the Tobosa people'. Ch'itoboku, then, would be the only surviving ancient Bantu language, and the Tobosa oral traditions indicate that 'Ku' is the root of modern Bantu languages spoken in contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa. There is no gender distinction, hence the word for 'he' or 'she' is the same, 'a'.
C43 torpedo is the upgrade of Yu-5, and also the last publicly known derivative of Yu-5 series torpedo. In January 1990, China announced the first tests of a new heavy dual purpose heavy torpedo designated as C43, which can be used against both the surface and subsurface targets. Like its cousins ET 34/36C43 also appears be with export in mind when designed, but there is not any confirmed export sales. The dual-purpose design upgrade of C43 for Yu-5 was adopted in the design of Yu-6 torpedo, which is the first indigenously developed Chinese torpedo that is designed for both surface and subsurface target from the start.
Newer Mirages bought from Australia and Belgium were in extremely good condition with low flight hours to supplement the PAF's own fleet of 34 Mirage IIIE and 32 Mirage 5P acquired directly from France between 1967 and 1982. The ROSE project was set up to reclaim as many aircraft as possible and to upgrade them with the latest avionics and other modern systems. In 1998, the Pakistan Air Force bought the entire fleet of grounded Mirage 5's from Lebanon and upgraded them indigenously at the Aeronautical Complex. The Pakistan Air Force's project team was formed to manage the program and held review meetings frequently in both Pakistan and France where problems were discussed.
The carousel ride in Nicco park Nicco Park has received various awards in the 20 years since its inception. Among its attractions, The Giant Cyclone has been awarded the 'Best Indigenously Manufactured Ride' of 2006-07 by the Indian Association of Amusement Parks and Industries, which also awarded Nicco Park's River Caves as the 'Most Innovative and Popular Ride' of 2009-10. Nicco Park is the first amusement park in India to be able to obtain the ISO 9001 (Quality Management System), ISO 14001 (Environment Management System) and the OSHAS 18000 (Safety Management System) certifications. The park also states that it is the first amusement park in the world to obtain ISO 9002 certification from a European Certifying Authority.
The Cork Examiner described Barry as the personification "of a people and a culture peculiar to a particularly colourful and indigenously Cork milieu", presiding over bohemian Cork life until the closure and ultimate demolition of her establishment by Cork corporation in the late sixties. The demise of Barry's eating house was lamented by Jimmy Crowley in his song Ballad of Katty Barry. A new verse was added to the old ballad, The boys of Fairhill, in honour of Barry: "Katty Barry sells crubeens fairly bursting at the seams", with her name being invoked in local chants and expletives. Barry lived out the rest of her life at No. 6 Corporation Buildings, across the road from her former establishment.
Indian attacks destroyed half of the Pakistani Navy and most of Pakistan's naval fuel reserves in the port's fuel storage tanks which cleared the way for the decisive victory of the Indian Armed Forces. The world's first naval battles between missile-armed warships occurred between Israeli Sa'ar 3-class and Sa'ar 4-class missile boats (using indigenously-developed Gabriel missiles), and Syrian Komar- and Osa-class missile boats during the October 1973 Yom Kippur War. The first of these engagements became known as the Battle of Latakia. During this and later battles, some fifty Gabriels and a similar number of Styx missiles were fired; seven Syrian ships were sunk, with zero Israeli losses.
Throughout the postwar era, the company has produced numerous aircraft under license from various overseas manufacturers for Japan Air Self-Defense Force and Japan Maritime Self-Defense Forces, alongside its own designs. Licensed aircraft have included the P-2J (derived from the Lockheed P-2 Neptune), KH-4 helicopters (derived from the Bell 47), Kawasaki KV-107 helicopters (derived from the Boeing Vertol 107 Model II), and CH-47J / JA heavy-lift helicopters. Indigenously developed aircraft of the postwar era have included the Kawasaki C-1 and Kawasaki C-2 military transports, the Kawasaki KAT-1 and Kawasaki T-4 trainer aircraft, the Kawasaki OH-1 reconnaissance helicopter, and the Kawasaki P-1 maritime patrol aircraft.
Antelope air defense system Long and medium range air defense systems are operated by the Republic of China Air Force with the Army assuming much of the SHORAD mission. The most modern air defense system of the Army is the indigenously developed Antelope. The ROCA is in the process of fielding the Surface-to-Air TC-2 medium range air defense system. Development of a surface launched TC-2 began with the ROCN in 1994. On June 7, 2019, Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defense confirmed that Taiwan has signed a $2 billion weapons deal with the Trump administration, which includes a purchase of "250 surface-to-air Stinger missile systems." Taiwan's ROC Army already has 2,223 Stinger missile systems.
On July 28, the overall commander of the battle, Zeng Guofan, reached Nanjing from Anqing and ordered Li to write his confession; he was executed after its completion on August 7. Only Zun () King Lai Wenguang succeeded in breaking out with his 3,000 cavalry to eventually join and lead the Nien Rebellion, during which he continued to fight for another four years. The success of the Qing Army was partially due to the advanced weaponry adopted, namely firearms. The first Chinese indigenously-built bolt-action single-shot rifle appeared in 1864, and although they were few in number, proved themselves over other firearms and certainly over ancient weapons such as swords, sabres, spears and lances.
Whereas the Type 90 used the same 120mm Rheinmetall main gun as other Western powers, the Type 10 uses a completely new gun, developed indigenously by Japan Steel Works. There is an option for longer barrels of 50 and 55 calibers (L50, L55). The Type 10's new cannon can fire the normal JM33 APFSDS (license produced DM33 shell acquired from Germany) as well as all standard 120 mm NATO ammunition. One major improvement over the earlier Rheinmetall L44 cannon is that this new JSW gun mounted on the Type 10 tank can also fire an improved round, the newly developed Type 10 APFSDS round, which is specifically designed for and can only be fired by the Type 10.
KAI identified that a four-seat civil aircraft could be reasonably certified under KAS (Korea Airworthiness Standard) Part 23. The proposed aircraft would be developed using a high proportion of indigenously-developed technology, refined by guidance provided by KOCA. KAI engineers believed that by making extensive use of composite materials, significant reductions in both weight and fuel consumption could be made. It was also determined that up to 90% of the aircraft's technology could be domestically sourced. A major design goal of the project was the production of an aircraft that would be 10% more fuel efficient than other contemporary aircraft in its class, along with a cabin around wider that either the Cirrus SR-22 or Cessna 400.
The CS/MPG-25 X-band target illuminator radar entered service in the late 1980s. It has a reported maximum range of 222km and a ceiling of 30,480m. The CS/MPG-25 is a continuous wave disk antenna illuminator radar that was indigenously developed by CSIST, and was derived from the I-HAWK AN/MPQ-46 High-Power Illuminator (HPI) radar but is estimated to be 60 percent more powerful in output with improved EW, ECM, and IFF capabilities. It is tied into the main phased-array radar on a time-share basis similar to that employ by the US Navy's AEGIS air defence system, allowing the TK-1 surface-to-air missile system multiple target engagement capability.
The Yishuv also had "a relatively advanced arms producing capacity", that between October 1947 and July 1948" produced 3 million 9 mm bullets, 150,000 Mills grenades, 16,000 submachine guns (Sten Guns) and 210 three-inch (76 mm) mortars", along with a few "Davidka" mortars, which had been indigenously designed and produced. They were inaccurate but had a spectacularly loud explosion that demoralized the enemy. A large amount of the munitions used by the Israelis came from the Ayalon Institute, a clandestine bullet factory underneath kibbutz Ayalon, which produced about 2.5 million bullets for Sten guns. The munitions produced by the Ayalon Institute were said to have been the only supply that was not in shortage during the war.
Volume 5, part 1, page 238. India ink has been in use in India since at least the 4th century BC, where it was called masi, an admixture of several substances.Banerji, page 673 Indian documents written in Kharosthi with this ink have been unearthed in as far as Xinjiang, China.Sircar, page 206 The practice of writing with ink and a sharp-pointed needle in Tamil and other Dravidian languages was common practice from antiquity in South India, and so several ancient Buddhist and Jain scripts in India were compiled in ink.Sircar, page 62Sircar, page 67 In India, the carbon black from which India ink is formulated was obtained indigenously by burning bones, tar, pitch, and other substances.
The parade featured nuclear-capable and conventional missiles, indigenously manufactured tanks, and a squadron of JF-17 Thunder fighter jets along with Pakistan's first locally manufactured armed unmanned aerial vehicle. It was overseen by Mamnoon Hussain and Nawaz Sharif.With Military Parade, Pakistan Sends Message to India, TalibanPakistan showcases modern weapons in national day parade The parade was welcomed by national media outlets, Dawn called the parade as a 'highly anticipated' eventPakistan holds first Republic Day parade in seven years while Pakistan Today called the event as crucial to refreshing nation's patriotism.Prades refresh nation’s patriotism on Pakistan Day Indian news outlet NDTV joined Reuters in calling the parade as sending a message to neighboring India.
SO.6000 Triton n°3 Amongst the first new aviation projects to be launched in France during the postwar era was SNCASO's jet- powered Sud-Ouest Triton. According to aviation author John W.R. Taylor, the origins of the Triton can be traced back to a clandestine research effort conducted during 1943, headed by the French aeronautics engineer Lucien Servanty. Shortly after the end of the conflict, the new French government issued a requirement, calling for a total of five prototype aircraft to be constructed for testing purposes. The development of indigenously designed jet aircraft was seen as of national importance to the government, being intended to symbolise and embody the speedy recovery of France's industrial and military strength.
It > proved to be one of the most helpful of the revival hymns, and was often > used as an invitation hymn in England and America. The Welsh version was translated by Calvinistic Methodist minister and musician Ieuan Gwyllt (literally John the Wild, bardic name of John Roberts) (1822-1877). It has become so well known in Wales that, despite its American origin, many people believe it to be an indigenously Welsh hymn.Sean Curnyn, in his discussion of the quick spread and persistence of the song in Wales, writes that more than a century prior to the internet one might have said that Gwyllt's popularization of the song caused it to go "bacterial" even if then it could not go viral.
Built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers and launched in 1982 and commissioned at the Visakhapatnam naval base, Nirdeshak was a hydrographic survey ship within a series of indigenously designed and constructed ships. The ship was equipped with a helicopter and a Bofors 40mm gun for self-defense as well as four survey motor boats, and two small boats. Nirdeshak was also equipped with a wide range of surveying, navigational and communication systems. The next- generation surveying systems fitted on-board included a multi-beam swath echo sounding system, a differential GPS, motion sensors, a sea gravimeter, a magnetometer, oceanographic sensors, side scan sonars, an automated data logging system, a sound velocity profiling system, and a digital survey and processing system.
Due to unfavourable currency conditions and conflicting pressures on the military budget, several prospective procurements of modern aircraft such as the SEPECAT Jaguar and the British Aerospace Sea Harrier were put on hold following the 1971 war; the indigenously developed HAL HF-24 Marut had also not been as successful as hoped, thus the IAF decided to retain the ageing fleets of Hunters and English Electric Canberra bombers.Gupta 1997, pp. 48–49. After considering several foreign aircraft to replace the Hunter, including the Dassault Mirage F1, the Saab 37 Viggen, and several Soviet models, the Indian government announced its intention to procure 200 Jaguars, a large portion of which were to be assembled domestically, in October 1978.Smith 1994, pp. 99–100.
In 1995, Poolster- class PNS Moawin was subjected to a serious fire accident that claimed valuable life during the refitting of the vessel in Karachi. The Navy also operates two coastal tankers that were indigenously designed and locally built at the Karachi Shipyard— PNS Gwadar and PNS Kalmat— commissioned in 1984 and in 1992. In 2011, the Navy commissioned two more small tankers/utility ships (STUS) —PNS Madadgar and PNS Rasadgar —to support the logistics and marine operations in the open sea. In 1992, the Navy increased its operational capabilities in mine countermeasures with the commissioning of from the French Navy, followed by the technology transfer to Pakistan which led the commissioning of two more mine countermeasure vessels from in 1996 and 1998.
As of 2007, Kazakhstan had 43 teachers of Japanese, among whom eight were native speakers. Students majoring in Japanese faced problems such as low wages and lack of opportunities to use their skills in professional contexts, leading to limits on the growth of interest in the language. Much language study is funded not indigenously, but rather through a portion of the US$95 million in official development assistance provided by Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as additional private aid. There is no unified national curriculum for Japanese studies at either the primary, secondary, or tertiary levels; rather, institutions design their own curricula, typically with the aid of, and using textbooks published by, the Japan Center, which is also funded by the Japanese government.
It is true that Cuba's state medical program has indigenously made some advancements in the treatments of some cancer and heavily state subsidized medical industries from Cuba have driven down costs, even to poor foreigners, for those who could not otherwise afford medical treatment. Despite this exception, benefits from lifting the embargo would be very one sided in Cuba's favor. Cuban benefits would include the easing of the frequent shortages of goods the island experiences, additional low cost services not readily available in Cuba, and access to new and better technology for personal consumption and economic development. For these reasons proponents argue that lifting the embargo is not advantageous to the United States or Cuba's population, until economic or political reforms are enacted by the Cubans.
After providing the US with the guarantee correspondence, South Korea started to produce a limited number of Hyunmoo missiles and was under the inspection of the United States until the production ended. The Hyunmoo system [the name roughly translates as "guardian angel of the northern skies"], has been indigenously developed in the Agency for Defense Development and now it is in service by the South Korean army. The missile is launched from the mobile launcher and fire-controlled by the battery control van. The Hyunmoo-1 missile, which is propelled by two-stage solid rocket motor and features inertial guidance and control system, can reach the heart of its intended targets under any weather conditions without any commands from the ground after fire.
The Type 64 pistol () is a semi-automatic pistol, formerly in service with the People's Liberation Army (PLA) but has since been replaced by several other firearms, although it still remains in service with some Chinese police forces. The Type 64 pistol was the first firearm to be indigenously developed by the People's Republic of China and was first only issued to high-ranking military officers and officials, but has since been distributed throughout the PLA. The Type 64 pistol has subsequently been distributed to various People's Armed Police and civilian police forces. The Type 64 pistol should not be confused with the unrelated, but similarly named, Type 64 silent pistol () which can be distinguished from the Type 64 pistol, by its large, integral suppressor.
Following the Sino-Soviet split of the late 1950s to the 1960s, the Soviet Union withdrew its support for the Chinese Communist Party, leaving China to develop its arms industry itself. Beginning in 1960, Chinese engineers began designing a new, indigenous pistol for military officers and police based on the Type 52 and 59 pistols. By 1964 a final design had been developed, and was subsequently named the 'Type 64 pistol' although it would take until 1980, two decades after beginning of its development, to reach production due to Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution which consistently hampered the Type 64s development and production. With its introduction in 1980, the Type 64 became the first indigenously developed firearm created by the People's Liberation Army.
An electro-mechanical all-electric drive (AED) for weapons control with independent stabilisation has been developed indigenously by DRDO in association with private sector industry for the turret. The purpose of the AED is to position the 40 mm cannon on to the target in azimuth and elevation and to provide twin-axis turret stabilisation against external disturbances. The AED uses brush-less drives with especially designed backlash-free elevation and traverse gearboxes coupled to the turret ring for rotation in azimuth, and to sector gears for elevation/depression of the cannon, respectively. The AED also employs vector-control technologies implemented through digital controllers and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based power amplifiers for control of the brush-less drives.
The American Psychiatric Association states the following: > The term culture-bound syndrome denotes recurrent, locality-specific > patterns of aberrant behavior and troubling experience that may or may not > be linked to a particular DSM-IV diagnostic category. Many of these patterns > are indigenously considered to be "illnesses," or at least afflictions, and > most have local names. Although presentations conforming to the major DSM-IV > categories can be found throughout the world, the particular symptoms, > course, and social response are very often influenced by local cultural > factors. In contrast, culture-bound syndromes are generally limited to > specific societies or culture areas and are localized, folk, diagnostic > categories that frame coherent meanings for certain repetitive, patterned, > and troubling sets of experiences and observations.
The Toro Rosso STR5 was a Formula One motor racing car designed and built by Scuderia Toro Rosso for the season. The car was a significant change for the team as it represented the first chassis they had indigenously-designed and built on their own; prior to 2010, the car was identical to that of parent team Red Bull Racing, circumventing a ban on customer chassis by having both cars designed by a third party. The car, driven by an unchanged lineup from of Sébastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari, was unveiled at the first official test of 2010 on February 1, at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo in Valencia. The Toro Rosso STR5 utilized the 2009-spec Ferrari 056 V8 engines instead of 2010-spec.
In 2006 Carlos Malcolm was invited to Melbourne, to deliver a lecture at Victoria University of Melbourne to a group of academicians from various other cities, on his Early Education Children's Program, "Bak2bay6 – With a Musical Twist". While in Australia, at the invitation of Australian National Radio Carlos also delivered a lecture/demonstration on the "History of Reggae Music" at the Prince Albert Ballroom in Melbourne. In his lecture, Carlos would periodically interrupt the lecture and conduct the 27-piece Melbourne Ska Orchestra to demonstrate how Jamaican Mento music seamlessly blended with New Orleans "Shuffle" music with a back-beat to deliver into a throbbing, indigenously Jamaican by-product named Ska music, and how Ska music evolved into the international phenomenon of Reggae.
The massive nationwide effort has resulted in more than a hundred domestic Chinese unmanned helicopters, most of which are completed by integrating existing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) airframes with COTS autopilots and flight control systems (FCS). Eventually these Chinese unmanned helicopters evolved into models with all subsystems such airframe and flight control systems indigenously developed in China.China develop its own unmanned helicopter QF-260 series is one of the direct result of such national effort launced by China. There are three versions of QF-260 UAV, with QF-260-1,QF-260-1 QF-260-2,QF-260-2 and QF-260-3,QF-260-3 beginning with QF-260-1 as an integration of COTS airframe, autopilot and FCS.
Hans Rühle, a former official from the German defense ministry who also worked with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) wrote an article in 2010 in which he indicated that Brazil might be on the path toward getting the bomb. He based his argument on the submarine project, which may involve the production of highly enriched uranium, and the fact that Brazil seeks to develop capacity to conduct all phases of the nuclear fuel cycle indigenously. While Rühle affirms that there is no hard proof of a nuclear weapons program in Brazil, he suggests that Brazil's relations with Iran and defense of the Iranian nuclear program should be seen as a clue of the path Brazil wants to tread.KRIPPAHL, Christina (2010)."Brasil podría estar construyendo una bomba atómica", Deutsche Welle, 12 May 2010.
Some have criticised Langham Partnership as "yet one more expression of Western dominance in the worldwide church," noting that, in the early years at least, Majority World students were brought to study in the West, books sent to pastors and seminaries tended to be Western, and Stott's own emphasis on expository preaching may have been unseemly in some cultures. However, the global ministry says its emphasis is to work indigenously with Christians in Africa (20 countries), Asia (10 countries), Eurasia (3 countries), Europe (12 countries), Latin America (7 countries), the Pacific (4 countries), and the Caribbean (5 countries)), equipping leaders (indigenous pastors, scholars, writers and publishers) to effectively serve and equip others in their countries. In 2012, 21 indigenous Christian publishers produced 205,000 volumes, 39 local language titles and 60 locally authored titles.
Built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers and commissioned into the Naval service at Visakhapatnam naval base in 2001, Sandhayak is actually the Indian Navy's fifth hydrographic survey ship in the series indigenously designed and constructed. Sandhayak is equipped with a range of surveying, navigational, and communication systems. The next- generation surveying systems provided onboard include multi-beam swath echo sounding system, differential global positioning system, motion sensors, sea gravimeter, magnetometer, oceanographic sensors, side scan sonars and an automated data logging system as well as Digital Survey and Processing System, sound velocity profiling system among others. The equipment allow the ship to meet the stringent international/ISO 9002 digital survey accuracy standards required for the production of electronic navigation charts and publications as laid down by the International Hydrographic Organisation.
WDG4: first started operations in 1999 with the numbering starting from 12001 (this loco can still be seen in a splendid condition and is homed at the parent shed of Hubli) Hubli Diesel Locomotive Shed has been operational since 1999, and it houses the maximum number of WDG-4s from 12001-12064, 12067-12153, 12156, 12169, 12189, 12227, 12276, 12311–12313, 12325, 12326. The original WDG-4s from 12001–12021 were imported and later on DLW started manufacturing it indigenously. With six traction motors, this locomotive has the capability of touching with a fully loaded freight train of 58 wagons. The locomotive has been praised for its ability to work smoothly in regions with massive gradients, especially in the (Braganza Ghats) and the Subrahmanya ghats having a gradient of 1:37 and 1:50 respectively.
One of the two primary fire control systems (FCS) is the electro-optical (optronics) system, which utilizes experience gained from earlier manufacturing of similar French and Israeli systems, combining the best of two, but only hardware wise. The software is completely indigenously developed by China. The optronics FCS is manufactured by the 218th Factory of China North Industries Group Corp, later reformed as China North Industries Group Corporation Electro-Opticals Science & Technology Ltd. (中兵光电科技股份有限公司.) The chief designer was Dr. Li Baoping (李保平), deputy bureau chief of the Electro-Optical Bureau of the China North Industries Group Corp and the project manager of the Z-10's optronics FCS, known as the Airborne Stabilized Aiming System (机载稳瞄系统).
The launch of Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2 was the fourth North Korean attempt to orbit a satellite, and North Korea claimed that two of the previous launches had placed their payloads into orbit despite several other countries confirming that the launches had failed, and no independent confirmation that the satellite was in orbit. The first attempt occurred in August 1998, with a Baekdusan carrier rocket attempting to launch Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1; the second occurred in April 2009 with Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2, and the third in April 2012 with the original Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3. The April 2012 launch was the only one which North Korea acknowledged to have failed. However, the launch of Kwangmyongsong 3 Unit 2 made North Korea the tenth country to place a satellite into orbit using an indigenously developed carrier rocket.
Besides being Christian, the Catholics had an additional stigma by belonging to a denomination that, unlike the Orthodox Christians, was (and still is) not considered indigenously Russian. By the end of the 1930s, there were only two functioning Catholic churches in the USSR, staffed by and catering largely to French expatriates: the Church of St. Louis in Moscow and the Church of Our Lady of Lourdes in St. Petersburg. In the aftermath of post-Civil-War famine of 1921, the Catholic Church sent the so-called Papal Famine Relief Mission to Russia, headed by the American Jesuit Edmund A. Walsh. The mission also succeeded in securing for the Vatican the Holy Relics of St. Andrew Bobola, which were then transported to Rome by the Mission's Assistant Director, Louis J. Gallagher.
The avionics of the T-4 are digital in nature; this approach was chosen in order to reduce both the size and weight of the avionics while also increasing their reliability. Typically, these systems and components have been indigenously produced, albeit with the incorporation of some base technologies from several American industries; examples of this include the inertial guidance system, which uses Honeywell-built laser gyroscopes, while the air data computer uses Sperry-supplied transducers. The majority of onboard systems are of a conventional nature; however, according to Flight International, the use of a licensed onboard oxygen generation system (OBOGS) is an unusual choice for a trainer aircraft and had required considerable effort to adapt it for use aboard the T-4. A British-sourced artificial feel system is also used by the type, the components for which being locally manufactured.
The warheads are primarily constructed at AWE Aldermaston, on the site of former RAF Aldermaston, with other parts being made at other AWE facilities such as in Burghfield. The British government insists the warhead is indigenously designed, but analysts including Hans M. Kristensen with the Federation of American Scientists believe that it is largely based on the US W76 design. Under the 1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement the UK is allowed to draw upon US warhead design information, but constructing and maintaining warheads for the Trident programme is the responsibility of AWE. The first Holbrook warhead was finished in September 1992 with production probably ending in 1999. Each warhead is housed in a cone-shaped re-entry vehicle made in the United States called the Mk 4 and is the same reentry vehicle used by the US Navy with its W76 warhead.
Vadyar make FRP Interceptor crafts are a series of eight rigid collar high speed boats indigenously designed and supplied to the Indian Coast Guard in 1988 certified by the Indian Register of Shipping for patrolling off the Rameshwaram Coast in Southern India. Hulls of each boat in the series have a length of 6.2 to 7.0 m with a beam of 2.1 m and draught of 0.45 m. With provision for light weaponry and a bulletproof screen for the coxswain, the all-up weight of craft is 2.4 tonnes and were initially powered by Simpson P6 354 120 BHP Diesel Engines after successful marinisation and thereafter fitted with two 40 HP on-board motors and has a range of 120 nautical miles. The collar of each boat is constructed from closed-cell polyethylene foam contained in a heavy duty armoured polyvinyl covering.
In late December 2015, a new J-20 numbered 2101 was spotted; it is believed to be the LRIP version of the aircraft. In October 2017, Chinese media reported that Chengdu Aerospace Corporation (CAC) initiated a series production for the J-20 and is on a path towards achieving full operational capability with the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF). Initially, the lack of a suitable indigenously produced engine hindered the mass production of the J-20, however in September 2018, it was reported that issues with the development of the WS-15 engine, particularly the reliability of the turbine blades overheating at top speeds are fixed and after further minor refinements it should be ready for widespread installation by the end of 2018. In 2019, Chengdu Aerospace Corporation began to manufacture J-20 fitted with Chinese-made WS-10 Taihang engine.
A tortilla is made by curing maize in limewater in the nixtamalization process, which causes the skin of the corn kernels to peel off (the waste material is typically fed to poultry), then grinding and cooking it, kneading it into a dough called masa nixtamalera, pressing it flat into thin patties using a rolling pin or a tortilla press, and cooking it on a very hot comal (originally a flat terra cotta griddle, now usually made of light sheet-metal instead). The process, called nixtamalization, was developed indigenously by pre-Columbian cultures and predates European contact by many centuries, if not millennia. Soaking the maize in limewater is important because it makes available the B vitamin niacin and the amino acid tryptophan. When maize was brought to Europe, Africa and Asia from the New World, this crucial step was often omitted.
Built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers and commissioned into the Naval service at Kochi in 1991, Jamuna is the Indian Navy's third hydrographic survey ship of the s to have been indigenously designed and constructed. The ship is the namesake of , a sloop, which served in the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) during World War II. The new Jamuna is equipped with a range of surveying, navigational and communication systems. The next-generation surveying systems provided onboard include the multi-beam swath echo sounding system, differential global positioning system, motion sensors, sea gravimeter, magnetometer oceanographic sensors, side scan sonars, and an automated data logging system. These are designed to meet the stringent international/ISO 9002 digital survey accuracy standards required for the production of electronic navigation charts and publications as laid down by the International Hydrographic Organisation.
For initial training biplanes, as one example of the wide range of American and British aircraft designs used for Canadian-based training facilities, pilots might have started their initial flight training on both British and Canadian-produced examples of the Tiger Moth, the Boeing Stearman from the nearby United States, or even the indigenously designed and produced Fleet Finch biplane. Instructor and student with North American Harvard II aircraft of No.2 Service Flying Training School, RCAF Station Uplands, Canada, 1941 The government agreed in December 1939 to join the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, operate its bases in Canada, and pick up a large proportion of the costs. Events turned the scheme into a huge operation, one that cost Canada $1.6 billion of a total cost of $2.2 billion, and employed 104,000 Canadians in airbases across the land.Hallowell 2004, p. 572.
In November, during the visit of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to UK, Rolls-Royce again pushed the EJ2XX engine in a joint development proposal despite favouritism towards General Electric for a JV programme. In December U.S government made sign of support for full fledge transfer of technology including many classified information of F-414 engine in joint venture engine development. During Indian defence minister Manohar Parrikar's visit to the United States, the U.S defence secretary Ash Carter and Parrikar discussed the matter of joint development of the engine. Reports emerged in 2019 suggested that initial two squadrons of AMCA dubbed as Mark I are expected to use 98 kN General Electric F414 while next 5-6 squadrons, variant dubbed as Mark II, will use a 110 kN class that will be developed indigenously with a foreign partner.
The project was supposed to be carried out in close collaboration with the Arab League Industrial Development Organisation (ALIDO) centered in Baghdad. When it came to the missile Iraq preferred to use solid propulsion in both stages as opposed to solid propulsion in first stage and liquid propulsion in the second. The liquid propelled engine which was being developed along with the Iraqi engines could be used in third stage and would turn the missile into a Space delivery vehicle for limited payloads. Iraq concentrated its efforts in the Belat al-Shuhada Factory. The project was supposed The Iraqis in 1985 would then commence Project 395 in effort to construct facilities to produce solid-propellant motors indigenously, many American firms were involved in Project 395 and helped Iraq build Infrastructure to produce the Condor-II missile.
RASAT is an earth observation satellite designed and developed by TÜBİTAK Space Technologies Research Institute (TÜBİTAK UZAY) and produced in Turkey to provide high resolution imagery. It is so the first one of its art completely realized in Turkey, and the second indigenously developed remote sensing satellite after BILSAT-1. Financed by the State Planning Organization (DPT) and designed by TÜBİTAK UZAY without any international know-how transfer, RASAT was launched from Dombarovskiy Cosmodrome, near Yasny in Russia by a Dnepr space launch vehicle at 08:12:20 UTC on August 17, 2011 along with seven other satellites Sich-2 and BPA-2 of Ukraine, NigeriaSat-2 and NigeriaSat-X of Nigeria, EduSat of India as well as AprizeSat-5 and AprizeSat-6 of Italy. RASAT was placed 16 minutes and 9 seconds after the lift-off into a low Earth orbit of .
One of the suppliers of these ventilators stated that there were no guidelines or standards that they were required to comply with in order to be eligible for government procurement. In August 2020, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare disclosed in response to petitions filed under the Right to Information Act 2005 that two indigenously manufactured ventilator models had failed trials. The ventilators were manufactured by Jyoti CNC Automation and Andhra Pradesh MedTech Zone and were funded by an allocation of 225 million from the PM CARES and had failed trials by a technical committee appointed by the Ministry. In September 2020, Trivitron Healthcare, an Indian manufacturer, confirmed to Huffington Post that they had received an order to construct 10,000 ventilators, paid for via the PM CARES Fund, despite having no prior experience in manufacturing ventilators.
Built by Goa Shipyard Limited and commissioned into the Naval service at Kochi naval base in 2002, Sarvekshak is the Indian Navy's eight hydrographic survey and perhaps the last ship under Sandhayak class to have been indigenously designed and constructed. INS Sarvekshak is equipped with a range of surveying, navigational, and communication systems. The next- generation surveying systems provided onboard include multi-beam swath echo sounding system, differential global positioning system, motion sensors, sea gravimeter, magnetometer, oceanographic sensors, side scan sonars and an automated data logging system as well as state-of-the-art Digital Survey and Processing System, sound velocity profiling system among others. These systems allow the ship to meet the stringent international/ISO 9002 digital survey accuracy standards required for the production of electronic navigation charts and publications as laid down by the International Hydrographic Organisation.
Iron Age finds in East and Southern Africa Bernard Fagg undertook a controlled evacuation of Taruga in the 1960s, finding both terracotta figurines and iron slag with radiocarbon dates from about the fourth and third centuries BC. Iron working at the site has now been firmly dated to 600 BC, two hundred years before it began in Katsina-Ala, another Nok center. This is the earliest known date for iron working in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has been speculated that iron smelting technology was introduced to the region from North Africa, perhaps via Meroe, but it may well have developed indigenously, building on earlier copper-smelting technology in which iron ore was used as a flux. The beehive and cylindrical furnaces of West Africa are quite different in form from those of North Africa and Mesopotamia.
By 1966, the transport fleet of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) was primarily composed of Curtiss C-46 Commandos, an American transport aircraft that had been manufactured primarily during the Second World War, and was considered to be quite capable aircraft for the era. By the mid-1960s, the capabilities of the decades-old C-46 had paled in comparison to numerous newer aircraft such as the Lockheed C-130 Hercules, motivating some officials within the JASDF to lobby for a domestically-designed and -manufactured transport aircraft with which to replace it. Such ambitions were successfully incorporated into the Third Defense Buildup Plan. With this purpose in mind, the JASDF approached the Nihon Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation (NAMC), a consortium of several major Japanese corporations, which was by this time engaged in the production of the YS-11, an indigenously-developed airliner of the postwar era.
This was due in the most part to the reduced ability of traditional sources to continue supplying Australia with manufactured products, which out of necessity stimulated the development of the Australian manufacturing industry. In terms of goods produced indigenously, it was estimated that due to the inability of traditional suppliers to deliver manufactured goods because of trade embargoes and shipping shortages up to 400 new articles were produced in Australian factories as a result of the war. This was not an insignificant number, although the transformation of the Australian economy as a result of World War I was by no means as significant as that which occurred during World War II. The expansion of the steel industry that occurred during this time laid the foundation for future industrialisation. Despite this increase in the domestic manufacturing industry there was still a significant shortfall in many items.
Wagner 2009, p. 53. Saab had initially envisaged powering the P1150 with the indigenously produced STAL Dovern turbojet engine. However, both timescale and technical difficulties encountered during the development of the Dovern resulted in the Swedish government electing to substitute the intended Dovern engine with the license-built Rolls-Royce Avon Series 100 turbojet engine, designated RM.5, instead. The single Avon engine provided the Saab A 32A with a thrust to weight ratio of about 0.3, and enabled the aircraft to be roughly 10,000lb heavier than the twin engine Saab 18 it replaced; the later-produced J 32B interceptor and S 32C reconnaissance variants received the upgraded and significantly more powerful RM6A Avon engine instead.Gunston and Gilchrist 1993, pp. 134–36. On 3 November 1952, the first P1150 prototype conducted its first flight."700 m.p.h. Saab." Flight International, 7 November 1952. p. 580.
Goldie Goldie was the first recognisable star of the genre of drum and bass, the first indigenously British form of dance music. Born to the north of Birmingham in Walsall and brought up in foster homes and local authority institutions across the West Midlands county, he spent his early adult life in various cities including Birmingham, London, New York City and Miami. He first built his reputation as a producer with a series of groundbreaking darkcore tracks in the early 1990s, including 1992's "Terminator", arguably the pivotal track of the entire scene. In 1992 he founded Metalheadz with fellow Birmingham-born DJ Kemistry and the following year released "Angel", the track which marked the start of the demise of the dark sound he had earlier epitomised, incorporating samples from Brian Eno and David Byrne and becoming the first track to successfully take hardcore in a more musical direction without losing its essence.
The Ki-30 was developed in response to a May 1936 Imperial Japanese Army specification to replace the Kawasaki Ki-3 light bomber with a completely indigenously designed and built aircraft. Mitsubishi and Kawasaki were requested to build two prototypes each by December 1936. The specification called for a top speed of at 3,000 m (9,840 ft); normal operating altitude from 2,000 m (6,560 ft) to 4,000 m (13,130 ft), the ability to climb to 3,000 m (9,840 ft) within eight minutes and an engine to be selected from the Mitsubishi Ha-6 radial, Nakajima Ha-5 radial, or Kawasaki Ha-9-IIb liquid-cooled inline engines, a normal bomb load of and a maximum of , one forward-firing machine gun and one flexible rearward-firing machine gun, the ability to perform 60° dives for dive bombing, and a loaded weight less than . The first Mitsubishi prototype flew on 28 February 1937 powered by a Mitsubishi Ha-6 radial.
The 7th Academy consequently ordered the 705th Research Institute to lead a team consisted of No. 724 Factory, Pinyang Machinery Factory (平阳机械厂) in Houma, Shanxi, and East Wind Instrumentation Factory (东风仪表厂) in Xi'an to indigenously manufacture Soviet compressed oxygen powered torpedo. In 1962, Field Marshal Nie Rongzhen ordered all resources to be concentrated on achieving the goal of fielding “two boats and a torpedo” (Two boats: torpedo boat and submarine, torpedo: heavy torpedo of 533 mm diameter). In July 1962, researchers at 705th Institute concluded that despite having samples and design drawings, compressed oxygen-powered torpedoes were unsafe and after numerous accidental explosions, they were rarely used by the Soviet Navy, and Chinese navy was not happy with oxygen powered torpedo either. Chinese researchers recommended a steam-powered torpedo instead, and in the following year, PLAN issued an order to first develop steam powered torpedo, and then the electrically powered acoustic homing torpedo.
During the early stages of the Second World War, the nation of Sweden was concerned that its neutrality and its independence could come under threat by one or more of the belligerent powers, enacted a series of emergency measures to increase its military's combat preparedness and deterrence value against would-be aggressors. During the period of 1939–1941, the Swedish Air Force committed itself to a major expansion programme, which included the procurement of large number of foreign-sourced and indigenously developed fighters. As a consequence of the raging conflict across Europe, there were not many nations who possessed the available production capacity or a willingness to prioritise the supply of modern fighter aircraft to Sweden, being a relatively small neutral country; while Sweden's own domestic production capability had been deemed to be insufficient until at least 1943, it was recognised that it would be necessary for the nation to build up its own first-rate designs to meet its needs.Cattaneo 1967, pp. 10-12.
The torpedo programs of the People's Republic of China was set up under the guidance of the former Soviet Union in the 1950s, when China built two torpedo factories under Soviet direction, and began its license assembly of unguided straight-running torpedoes. In April 1958, Naval Arms Ministry of People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) established torpedo research institute indigenously. Four months later, the deputy chief-of-staff of PLA Zhang Aiping and the deputy commander-in-chief of LAN Luo Shunchu (罗舜初) led a military delegation to visit former-Soviet Union signed a deal with Soviets to produce three types of Soviet torpedoes in China. In comparison with other military programs, each with dozens or even hundreds of Soviet advisors, however, former-Soviet Union did not put that much emphasis on the torpedo capability: the total number of Soviet advisors initially sent to China for all of its torpedo programs was only five.
The baseline HF-2E Block I land attack cruise missile (LACM) is said to be powered by an indigenously-developed Taiwanese turbofan engine believed to be rated in the thrust range and developed by CSIST partially based on technology and experience from the Microturbo 078 turbojet engine used on Hsiung Feng 2 (HF-2) anti-ship cruise missiles. When equipped with a standard unitary high-explosive -class warhead, it is said to have a maximum range of 700 km. Other types of warhead are said to be in development, such as cluster submunitions and a hard target penetrator warhead. TDR also reported that through modification of the existing engine and combined with the redesign and reduction of the missile's control and electronic systems, CSIST was able to free up enough internal space/weight in the missile to allow it to carry additional fuel and extend its range to over 2,000 km, although a Defense News report claimed the other version was only an 800 km range missile.
According to aviation journalist and ex-IAI engineer Danny Shalom, substantial work on the development of what would become the Arava commenced right after the Six-Day War between Israel and several neighbouring nations. Prior to this point, Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) had largely confined its aircraft manufacturing efforts to producing copies of existing French and American designs, such as the IAI Nesher. However, many of the company's engineers were keen to develop beyond imitation and reverse engineering effort, for IAI and Israel to produce its own unique and indigenously-produced aircraft. Around this time, the company had foresaw a requirement for a new generation of transport aircraft that would suit operations from runways only 400 meters in length. IAI had forecasted the international market demand for such an aircraft to be massive and that, by obtaining only a 20% market share, the company would sell between 400 and 600 aircraft throughout the life of the programme.
Umm Kulthum with some of the most prominent names in Egyptian classical music. From left: Riad Al Sunbati, Mohamed El Qasabgi, Farid al-Atrash, Zakariya Ahmad. Umm Kulthum's musical directions in the 1940s and early 1950s and her mature performing style led this period to becoming popularly known as "the golden age" of Umm Kulthum. In keeping with changing popular taste as well as her own artistic inclinations, in the early 1940s, she requested songs from composer Zakariya Ahmad and colloquial poet Mahmud Bayram el-Tunsi cast in styles considered to be indigenously Egyptian. This represented a dramatic departure from the modernist romantic songs of the 1930s, mainly led by Mohammad El-Qasabgi. Umm Kulthum had abstained from singing Qasabgi's music since the early 1940s. Their last stage song collaboration in 1941 was "Raq el Habib" ("The lover's heart softens"), one of her most popular, intricate, and high-caliber songs. The reason for the separation is not clear.
During the 1980s and 1990s, there was significant international interest in the development of reusable launch platforms and reusable spacecraft, particularly in respect to spaceplanes; perhaps the most high-profile examples of these being the American Space Shuttle and Soviet Buran programmes. The national space agencies of European nations, such as France's Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) and Germany's German Aerospace Center (DLR), worked on their own designs during this era, the most prominent of these to emerge being the Hermes spaceplane. Development of the Hermes programme, which was backed by the European Space Agency (ESA) for several years, was ultimately terminated in 1992 prior to any flights being performed in favour of a partnership arrangement with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (RKA) to use the existing Soyuz spacecraft instead. While work on the development of the Hermes vehicle was cancelled during the early 1990s, the ESA maintained its strategic long-term objective to indigenously develop and eventually deploy similar reusable space vehicles.
Since 1979, the deuterium oxide and heavy water is locally and indigenously produced by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission that kept the plant running its grid operations. Many of spare parts and machine components were locally designed that kept the nuclear power plant running its grid operation in safe manner– the valuable experience gained was shared to Chinese officials in designing the reactor safety protocols and eventually helped run the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant in 1993. After intense negotiations and with the IAEA's cooperation in May 1990, Canadian policy towards Karachi Nuclear Power Plant was revised allowing it to provide assistance for Safe Operation of KANUPP (SOK) through the IAEA and only for the IAEA suggested remedial actions. In 2015 and 2016, China showed great interest in expanding the energy capacity of Karachi Nuclear Power Plant and signed an agreement to supply two Hualong One nuclear power plants with the start of commercial operations scheduled for 2021 and 2022 respectively.
Convinced of the potential of wind power in India, he recommended continued and extensive wind velocity surveys in different regions of India, the full-time assignment of staff to experimental wind power studies, the establishment of a dedicated research laboratory and development of small to medium-sized wind-powered electrical generators. Golding's recommendations were adopted by the CSIR in 1957. By this time, regions of Saurashtra and around Coimbatore had been identified as promising sites for generating electricity from wind power, and the Wind Power Sub- Committee had begun to erect 20 wind velocity survey stations across India, in addition to testing its indigenously designed windmills and obtaining a 6 kw. Allgaier wind turbine, which was presented to India by the West German government; experiments at Porbandar with the latter had commenced by 1961. The Indian government also considered a proposal to erect over 20,000 small to medium-sized wind-powered electrical generators in rural districts, to be used for powering water pumps and supplying electricity for remotely situated structures such as lighthouses.
The 7th Academy consequently ordered the 705th Research Institute to lead a team consisted of No. 724 Factory, Pinyang Machinery Factory (平阳机械厂, also known as Factory 874) in Houma, Shanxi, and East Wind Instrumentation Factory (东风仪表厂, also known as Factory 872) in Xi'an to indigenously manufacture Soviet compressed oxygen powered torpedo. In 1962, Field Marshal Nie Rongzhen ordered all resources to be concentrated on achieving the goal of fielding “two boats and a torpedo” (Two boats: torpedo boat and submarine, torpedo: heavy torpedo of 533 mm diameter). In July, 1962, researchers at 705th Institute concluded that despite having samples and design drawings, compressed oxygen powered torpedoes was unsafe and after numerous accidental explosions, they were rarely used by the Soviet Navy, and Chinese navy was not happy with oxygen powered torpedo either. Chinese researchers recommended steam powered torpedo instead, and in the following year, PLAN issued an order to first develop steam powered torpedo, and then the electrically powered acoustic homing torpedo.
For centuries, Berbera had extensive trade relations with several historic ports in the Arabian Peninsula. Additionally, the Somali and Ethiopian interiors were very dependent on Berbera for trade, where most of the goods for export arrived from. During the 1833 trading season, the port town swelled to over 70,000 people, and upwards of 6,000 camels laden with goods arrived from the interior within a single day. Berbera was the main marketplace in the entire Somali seaboard for various goods procured from the interior, such as livestock, coffee, frankincense, myrrh, acacia gum, saffron, feathers, ghee, hide (skin), gold and ivory. According to a trade journal published in 1856, Berbera was described as “the freest port in the world, and the most important trading place on the whole Arabian Gulf.”: Historically, the port of Berbera was controlled indigenously between the mercantile Reer Ahmed Nur and Reer Yunis Nuh sub-clans of the Habar Awal. 19th century Martello fort in Berbera constructed by Haji Sharmarke Ali Saleh During Ottoman era many men were placed as governors of Zeila. The first being Syed Barr.
Trust for Democratic Education and Accountability - Free and Fair Election Network carried out the largest election observation in General Elections 2013, over 43,000 mobile and statics trained independent observers were deployed across the country. As part of the institutional capacity building and strengthening the transparency of the election process in Pakistan, FAFEN indigenously designed user-friendly Election Information Management System (EIMS) helped TDEA - FAFEN secretariat to manage the enormous elections data in a professional manner. EIMS aimed to increase the public trust in the conduct and quality of the elections in the country through real-time election monitoring and dissemination of election-related information. Due to efficient and reliable system, Trust for Democratic Education and Accountability - FAFEN secretariat was able to receive and manage the all phase's observation data such as incidents, reports, interviews and profiling of contesting candidates, interviews with voters, interviews with election officials and officers of the district administration, profiling of District Coordinators, constituency Coordinators and Election Day observers, deployment plans of election day observers, election day reporting sheets and election day result management.
It was the first indigenously designed bike from Ugolini of Italy. 2004 marked LML's transition from a single product company to a multi-product two-wheeler company with three simultaneous launches: the LML Graptor (150 cc), the LML Freedom Prima (110 cc) and LML Freedom Prima (125 cc). Owing to excesses and over-spending, the company has been under financial constraints ever since its foray into bi-wheeler manufacturing, with dividend being declared only twice to its shareholders in spite of contemporary bi-wheeler manufacturers like TVS, Hero and Bajaj Auto not only growing multifold but also enhancing shareholders' worth. Even new entrants into the scooter market like Honda and Suzuki have achieved volumes of 50,000 units per month, which LML could never achieve with its full range of Scooters and motor-cycles. The bankruptcy has dealt a severe blow to SSI units in Kanpur, who were engaged in feeding critical and propriety items to LML since early 1980s, with many closing down or facing huge financial burden on themselves.
"Awka has a certain kind of aura about it, because it was the place of the blacksmiths that created implements which made agriculture possible." -- Chinua Achebe Awka is one of the oldest settlements in Igboland, established at the centre of the Nri civilisation, which produced the earliest documented bronze works in Sub-Saharan Africa, around 800 A.D., and was the cradle of Igbo civilisation at large. The earliest settlers of Awka were the Ifiteana people, the name Ifiteana roughly translating into ‘people who sprouted from the earth.’ The people, themselves, were renowned as farmers, hunters and adept iron workers, all of whom indigenously inhabited the banks of the Ogwugwu stream, in what is now known as the Nkwelle ward of the city. The deity of the Ifiteana was known as Ọkịka-na-ube, or the god renowned for the spear, and the Ifiteana were known as Ụmụ-Ọkanube, or “worshippers of Ọkanube,” eventually shortened to both Ụmụ-Ọka and simply Ọka (Awka when written in its anglicised form).
Despite the lack of consensus regarding the exact import of the inscription, scholars seem to agree that its language is some form of Gothic and that the intent behind it was religious. Taylor interprets the inscription as being clearly pagan in nature and indicative of the existence of a temple to which the ring was a votive offering. He derives his date for the burial (210 to 250) from the fact that the Christianizing of the Goths along the Danube is generally considered to have been almost complete within a few generations after their having arrived there in 238.Taylor (1879:7-8). Though paganism among the Goths did survive the initial conversion phase of 250 to 300 - as the martyring of the converted Christian Goths Wereka, Batwin (370) and Sabbas (372) at the hands of the indigenously pagan Goths (in the latter case Athanaric) shows - it was weakened considerably in the following years, and the likelihood of such a deposit being made would have been greatly diminished.
Naturally, PZL was keen to eliminate or otherwise minimise any restrictions that were deterring export sales of their aircraft. According to Cynk, the initiative to develop a dedicated export-focused derivative of the P.11 received a considerable boost during the early 1930s by a French Air Force initiative to furnish itself with a large force of modern first-rate fighters. While the majority of projects considered by French officials were indigenously- developed, the French Air Force was also evaluating various foreign fighters as potential candidates for being licence-produced in France; Cynk claims that the P.11 was at the top of their list. This attention may have contributed to the decision by French engine manufacturer Gnome-Rhône to offer PZL a financial contribution of 150,000 francs towards the development of an export- suitable P.11 derivative, as well as to provide the first prototype's engine for free and to sponsor the fighter for the French competition, all of which was conditional to the selection of their engine to power the type.
The Department of Robotics and Intelligent Machine Engineering was established in September 2011 as Pakistan’s first academic initiative in the field of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. Mainly focused on postgraduate studies and research in Robotics, Mechatronics, Machine Intelligence, Control Systems, Machine Vision and Industrial Automation, the department offers Masters and PhD degrees in the field of Robotics and Intelligent Machine Engineering (RIME). The department houses dedicated laboratories of Robotics and Intelligent Systems Engineering (RISE), Machine Vision, UAVs/Aerial Robotics, Control Systems, Industrial Automation, Electronics, Embedded Systems and Computer Aided Engineering whereas it is supported by the Manufacturing Resource Center (MRC), Rapid Prototyping (RP) lab and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) lab which facilitate mechanical fabrication of indigenously designed robot prototypes at SMME. These laboratories comprise equipment both for research as well as teaching purposes including mobile and humanoid robots, robotic arms of various types, stereo vision camera systems, robot designing kits, advanced microcontroller instrumentation, human brain–computer interface equipment, remote piloted helicopters, pneumatic/hydraulic workstations, PCB precision prototyping facilities as well as various models for experimentation into non-linear and adaptive control systems.
After World War II, Japanese aircraft industry was banned from research as well as the destruction of materials and equipment related to aircraft. In 1952, a partial ban on aircraft research was lifted, making it possible to develop Japan's own domestic jet aircraft. In the spring of 1954, the Defense Agency's plan to develop and domesticate a training jet aircraft emerged, which later lead to the development of the T-1 training plane. The T-1 was the first indigenously designed Japanese jet aircraft to be developed since World War II. It was Japan's first mass-produced jet and the first aircraft to apply a swept wing. The development of a domestic jet engine was not completed in time, so the T-1A was powered by the British-designed Bristol Siddeley Orpheus turbojetFUJI T-1 at faqs.org and made its first flight on May 17, 1960. The T1-B was powered by the Ishikawajima-Harima J3 turbojet and 20 were produced between June 1962 and June 1963. Fuji was the successor to the Nakajima Aircraft Company (famous for building several aircraft such as Nakajima Ki-43 and Nakajima Ki-84 during WW2).
A Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force YS-11M During the occupation of Japan after the end of the Second World War, all of Japan's aerospace industry was dismantled, designs destroyed and plants converted to other uses. After the ban on aircraft development was lifted during March 1954, a new company was founded by the merger of subsidiary companies K.K. Kawasaki Gifu Seisakusho and Kawasaki Kikai Kogyo K.K., retaining the name of the pre-war Kawasaki Kokuki Kogyo KK. The Kawasaki KAL-1, first flown in July 1953, was the first postwar all-metal aircraft of Japanese design. Early production activity at the company included 210 Lockheed T-33 jet trainers, 48 Lockheed P-2H Neptune maritime patrol aircraft and 239 Bell 47 helicopters, all under license from the United States. In response to encouragement from the Japanese government, during 1957, Kawasaki joined in a joint venture, participating along with various other Japanese aerospace companies, including Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Fuji Heavy Industries, Shin Meiwa, Showa Aircraft Industry Company and Japan Aircraft Industry Company in the development and manufacturing what would become the NAMC YS-11, an indigenously developed twin-turboprop airliner.
According to US intelligence, by the end of 1992, China had successfully recruited more than fifteen hundred former Soviet missile scientists to work in China, and around twenty percent, roughly totaling around three hundred, were assigned to work in Shanghai to specifically aid the Chinese cruise missile development project. Although many Chinese sources agreed with US intelligence assessments, they disagree on the contributions of Russian/Soviet scientists. Instead of helping China to develop a specific missile type, Russian/Soviet expertise was first utilized on a much broader strategic scale in helping China to build the necessary industrial infrastructure needed to indigenously develop its own missiles in the future. These Chinese claims have been corroborated by the fact that despite a complete Kh-55 production facility being transferred to China in 1995 and the Russian public announcement of helping China in developing cruise missiles at the 1996 Paris Airshow, the first Chinese turbofan powered land attack cruise missile did not enter service until somewhere between the late 1990s and early 2000s, well after turbojet powered CF series land attack cruise missiles had already entered Chinese service.
ROKS Kwanggaeto the Great (DDH 971), the Navy's first indigenously built destroyer ROKS Lee Sunsin (SS 068), one of the Navy's first locally built Chang Bogo-class submarines Since the 1990s, the ROK Navy has been trying to build an ocean-going fleet to protect the sea lines of communication as South Korea's dependence on foreign trade increases: In 1989, the Navy mentioned the "Strategic Task Fleet" (Jeollyak-gidong-hamdae) in the Joint Strategic Objectives Plan. The ROK Naval forces began to participated in RIMPAC exercise from 1990 (ROKS Seoul (FF 952), ROKS Masan (FF 953) for RIMPAC 1990). On March 8, 1991, when giving the commencement speech at the ROK Naval Academy's graduation ceremony, President Roh Tae-woo addressed that the Navy should transform into the "blue-water navy". In 1992, the ROK Navy ships - ROKS Chungnam (FF 953) and ROKS Masan (FF 955) of the Cruise Training Unit circumnavigated the world for the first time. On March 24, 1995, President Kim Young-sam affirmed that the Navy should have the Task Fleet and pave the way for a new era of blue-water navy when speaking at the Naval Academy's graduation. On April 1, 1995, Admiral An Pyong-tae, the 20th Chief of Naval Operations, reaffirmed that the Navy should prepare to build the blue-water navy in his inaugural address.
The missile was also designated DF-1. The first DF-2 MRBM was tested on March 21, 1962, but failed. Development eventually continued with the redesigned DF-2A MRBM which was successfully tested on June 29, 1964. It would enter service by the end of 1966. The first successful launch and recovery of a T-7A(S1) sounding rocket carrying a biological experiment (transporting eight white mice) was on July 19, 1964 from Base 603 (安徽广德誓节渡中国科学院六〇三基地. China started to develop the DF-5 intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) program in August 1965. It was designed to carry a single nuclear warhead and has a maximum range of 12000 km. In November 1966, it was decided to build a second ballistic missile test site, the Northern Missile Test Site (华北导弹试验场)) in Shanxi Province, farther away from China's northern border. On October 27, 1966, a nuclear-tipped DF-2A missile was launched from Jiuquan and the 20 kilotons yield nuclear warhead exploded at the height of 569 meters over the target in Lop Nor or Base 21 situated 894 km away. On December 26, 1966, China tested its first indigenously developed DF-3 intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) with success. The DF-3 was a single-stage, single-warhead missile with a maximum range of 2500 km. The development of the DF-4 IRBM began in 1967 in parallel with the single-stage DF-3.

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