"Martha would chop us all up for India rubber, if we were made of India rubber," says her patron approvingly.
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She was paralyzed; she had no teeth; her eyes had sunk into her skull; her skin was like India rubber.
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It takes seven years before a rubber plant produces the raw material, known as either India Rubber or caoutchouc, can be tapped.
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" Nathaniel Hawthorne declared corrupt politicians' "hearts wither away … Their consciences [turn] into India-rubber or to some substance as black as that.
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In 1844, 1846, and 1851, he patented inventions for various applications of vulcanised india-rubber.
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The inflatable india rubber bladder and inflator were later invented by another Rugbeian, Richard Lindop.
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Gutta percha and vulcanised india rubber are now applied to many of the purposes formerly exclusively occupied by catgut.
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The India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company was a London-based company based in Silvertown, East London. It was founded by Stephen William Silver in March 1864 as Silver's Indiarubber Works and Telegraph Cable Company Ltd. However in July that year the name was changed to the India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company.
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LEXIS 1450 (C.C.S.D.N.Y. 1872). It said the patented article consists "of a piece of India rubber, with a hole in it."20 Fed. Cas.
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The India-Rubber Men is a 1929 crime novel by the British writer Edgar Wallace. It was part of a series of books featuring the character Inspector Elk of Scotland Yard.
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Daughter of actors William and Letitia Barry, sister of Katie Barry and Mlle Ariel, niece of George Conquest.The Green Room Book 1906 1877 Advertised as maker and supplier of "India-rubber springs for gymnastic or theatrical purposes" (also advertised as "India-rubber spring and chest-expander manufacturer")The Era Almanac In 1879, their only child, Letitia Mary Ann Emma 'Queenie' Dando, was born. Following the death of his daughter in 1921 and his wife in 1928, Dando married the much younger dancer, Letitia Daisy Paver, in 1929.
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Born in Lexington, Kentucky to Henry Clay and La Belle Boyce Dunlap, Dunlap attended Linsly School in Wheeling, West Virginia. He started working in civil engineering at the age of 18 in 1873. Dunlap came into prominence as president and general manager of the Daily Louisville Commercial in 1884, a journal published in Louisville, Kentucky from 1869 to 1902. In 1889 he moved to New York City, where he started his first magazine The India Rubber World, nowadays The India Rubber World and Electrical Trades Review, or shortly Rubber World.
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Official Richard Lindon Site . Retrieved 7 August 2008. Around 1862, Richard Lindon was desperate to find a replacement for the pig’s bladder and used an India rubber bladder instead. India rubber was too tough to inflate by mouth and so having been inspired by air syringes, he created a larger brass version to inflate his rugby balls.The history of the rugby ball by Paul Wassell, 15 Oct 2016 Lindon also claimed to invent the rugby ball and its distinctive oval shape but he didn't patent either the ball, the bladder or the pump.
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Bright, p. 158 In 1864, an offshoot of Silver and Co., the India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company, was founded as a rival cable manufacturer.Bright, p. 157 Some early submarine cables were laid with just their insulation for protection.
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Goodyear's patented machine for making vulcanized rubber fabric Charles Goodyear invented a process for "vulcanizing" rubber by heating it to a high temperature in the presence of sulfur and lead carbonate or another chemical, so that it was converted from a soft, sticky, gummy product (so- called India rubber) to a hard, resilient, elastic, flexible product (so- called vulcanized rubber). Goodyear was issued a patent on the process by which vulcanized India-rubber is manufactured and another patent for the product that the process produced.76 U.S. at 789–90, 794; Goodyear v. Providence Rubber Co., 10 F. Cas.
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The buried cable was not successful because his thin India rubber and varnish insulation was inadequate. In September he was at a meeting in Bonn where Georg Wilhelm Muncke saw the instrument. Muncke had a copy made for use in his lectures.Fahie, p.
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India census, Perumpetty had a population of 14581 with 6978 males and 7603 females. Perumpetty is a village under Mallappally Taluk in Pathanamthitta district, in the state of Kerala, India. Rubber plantations are a major source of income for the local population.
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It consisted of a copper wire insulated with a mixture of India-rubber and varnish. Schilling had in mind the military use of telegraphy in the field for this invention. He also thought it would be useful for exploding mines at a distance.Fahie, pp.
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Although the majority were made of inexpensive materials, some were made of precious metals or enameled. These precious metal cases typically had a gold wash interior to prevent corrosion by the chemically active match heads. "Compliments of National India Rubber Company", c. 1905, American.
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It is the only original known to survive. This Punt- about ButtonBall holds the remains of one of Richard Lindon's India Rubber inflatable bladders and resembles the shape of the earliest plum rugby ball. The "panel and button" design led to the creation the first soccer balls.
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Walton was a slow worker. Both during composition and afterwards he would continually revise his music; he said, "Without an india-rubber I was absolutely sunk."Kennedy, p. 279 Consequently, his total body of work from his sixty-year career as a composer is not large.
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Although 24 accidents occurred, there were no fatalities, leading Cole to remark at the graduation ceremony that the students were either made of India rubber or had learned how to crash "moderately safely".Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, p. 37Coulthard-Clark, The Third Brother, pp.
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It was shot at the Wandsbek Studios in Hamburg. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Mathias Matthies and Ellen Schmidt. As with other early entries in the series it was made in black and white. The script was based on Edgar Wallace's 1929 novel The India-Rubber Men.
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In November 1900 Talbot formed another public listed company, Shrewsbury S T and Challiner Tyre Company Limited, to manufacture and deal in cabs, carriages, motor cars, cycles, vehicles, tyres, tubes, wire, India rubber and gutta percha goods etc.New Company. Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser, Monday, 5 November 1900; pg. 3; Issue 13726.
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Fletcher & Ishchenko: The Crimean War: A Clash of Empires, 174–75. The casualties were low for two reasons. First, the congestion made it difficult to swing a sword; second, on neither side were their sabres sharp, and on the thick overcoats worn by the Russians the British swords 'jumped off like India-rubber'.
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In the early 1830s, Walton developed a new form of wire-card for use in textile manufacturing. This replaced the traditional leather backing for the card with india rubber laid on cloth. This was a superior system and became the standard for the carding industry, and enabled him to obtain his first patent.
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At first Hooper's only made the core. The company was placed into liquidation in 1877 and operated as a private company until, after Hooper's death in 1888 the company was again operating as a privately subscribed, limited company. By 1894 the company was trading as Hooper's Telegraph and India Rubber Works Ltd.
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Punch cartoon depicting Leopold II as a rubber vine entangling a Congolese rubber collector The Abir Congo Company (founded as the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company and later known as the Compagnie du Congo Belge) was a company that exploited natural rubber in the Congo Free State, the private property of King Leopold II of Belgium. The company was founded with British and Belgian capital and was based in Belgium. By 1898 there were no longer any British shareholders and the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company changed its name to the Abir Congo Company and changed its residence for tax purposes to the Free State. The company was granted a large concession in the north of the country and the rights to tax the inhabitants.
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A. Markham, pp. 202–204. He was also involved in an ambitious plan for the transplanting of Brazilian rubber trees, claiming that he would "do for the india-rubber or caoutchouc-yielding trees what had already been done with such happy results for the cinchona trees." This scheme was not, however, successful.Dean, p. 12.
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The Return of the Frog is a 1938 British crime film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Gordon Harker, Hartley Power and Rene Ray. It is a sequel to the 1937 film The Frog, and was based on the 1929 novel The India-Rubber Men by Edgar Wallace. It was shot at Beaconsfield Studios.Wood p.
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J. H. Poynting, On pressure perpendicular to the shear-planes in finite pure shears, and on the lengthening of loaded wires when twisted, Proceedings of the Royal Society A 82 (1909) 546-559.J. H. Poynting, The changes in length and volume of an Indian-rubber cord when twisted, India-Rubber Journal, October 4 (1913) p. 6.
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Blowing pig's bladders was not without its hazards. If the pig was diseased, it was going into Mrs Lindon's lungs. Eventually Mrs Lindon blew on enough infected pig's bladders to fall ill and consequently die. Around 1862 Lindon sought a safer substitute to the pig's bladder and came up with the India rubber bladder as an alternative.
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He was appointed a Knight of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 1907 Birthday Honours and upgraded to Knight Grand Cross (GCB) in the 1911 Coronation Honours, two months before his retirement. He was also awarded a Cross of Naval Merit of Spain. In his retirement, he was chairman of James Lyne Hancock Ltd., India rubber manufacturers.
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Associate and supplier Byrne Bros India Rubber, at their Manor Rubber Mills, Aston Cross, had moved from making tyre and tube components to complete inner tubes and covers. In June 1896 du Cros formed a new company, Rubber Tyre Manufacturing, to acquire Byrne Bros. E J Byrne was contracted to be managing director for five years.
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Hugh Adams Silver (14 July, 1825 St John's Wood - 27 March, 1912) was an English businessman, civil engineer and military officer. He founded the India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works in Silvertown, East London in 1864. He became an associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1861. He was responsible for giving ebonite its name.
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On January 21, 1828, Comstock was issued a patent for the waterproofing of cloth through the making and application of a solution of India rubber dissolved in turpentine. This was the first patent granted for waterproofing of cloth or leather in the United States. Comstock's patent was referenced during the Goodyear v. Day patent case, by Daniel Webster.
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UBC Press, 31 Jan 2009 Tada was invited to race by Veloce to prove the global popularity of their models, and he rode Alec Bennett's semi- works 350cc Velocette KTT bike, finishing 15th and gaining the nickname "the India Rubber Man", as he had a number of minor falls during the course of the race but remounted to carry on.
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He was admitted to the bar in 1827 and commenced practice in New York City. As a lawyer, he argued on behalf of Horace Day against Daniel Webster, for Charles Goodyear, in The Great India Rubber Case in 1852. He later attended Webster's memorial. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co.) in 1836 and 1837.
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The India rubber plant, F. elastica were earlier cultivated to some extent for rubber. Some of the species like tangisang-bayawak or Ficus variegata are large and could probably be utilized for match woods. The woods of species of Ficus are soft, light, and of inferior quality, and the trees usually have ill-formed, short boles.Whitford, H.N., Bureau of Forestry.
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At the height of banner production there were said to be 17,000 looms in operation. The silk was stretched taut over a wooden frame and coated with India rubber, and the oil colours applied to it were 'old', i.e. had been standing around for a while. This allowed the paint to dry quickly and to make it more pliant or elastic.
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Originally working as a merchant, Pegler acquired the Victoria Works in Retford, Nottinghamshire in 1870 which had been producing linoleum. and in 1871 formed the Northern Rubber Co. in Retford to make India Rubber Products. In 1881 it employed 21 men, 11 boys and 13 women. By 1914 it employed 400 who manufactured rubber fittings for railways, steamships and mines.
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In 1841 Joseph Davies left it together with Harborne Mill to his son Samuel. In 1873 and 1890 it was occupied by india-rubber manufacturers. By 1900 it had become part of the works of J & E Sturge, chemical manufacturers. The mill building is now derelict, but both it and Lifford House form part of the premises of J & E Sturge, Ltd.
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North also had investments in the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company which operated a concession in the Congo Free State. This company was involved in the extraction and export of rubber from the state, another highly profitable business, but later became involved in abuses of human rights against those under its power. However North's finances were eventually depleted and when he died his business empire had collapsed.
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Elaterite (also known as Aeonite, 'elastic bitumen' , 'mineral caoutchouc' or Wurtzilite) is a brown hydrocarbon varying somewhat in consistency, being sometimes soft, elastic and sticky, like India rubber, and occasionally hard and brittle. It is usually dark brown in color and slightly translucent. A substance of similar physical character is found at sites around the Coorong lagoon in South Australia, and is hence termed coorongite.
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She swam the Danube River Race in 1902, from Melk to Vienna, in twelve hours, a record that stood until 1916.Caitlin Davies, Downstream: A History and Celebration of Swimming the River Thames (Aurum Press 2015). "She tows her clothes behind her in a water-tight india rubber case," one newspaper explained of her weekly swim routine."Woman a Channel Swimmer" Brooklyn Daily Eagle (September 14, 1902): 1.
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He reorganized the company and reopened it in 1888 as the National India Rubber Company. In 1892, he merged it with several other companies he had acquired to form the United States Rubber Company. Later called Uniroyal, it became the largest producer of rubber goods in the world. In 1901, Colt became president of the company, serving until 1918, when he was appointed Chairman of the Board of Trustees.
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Marcy also recommended the use of pemmican, as well as the storage of sugar in India-rubber or gutta-percha sacks, to prevent it from becoming wet. Canning technology had just begun to be developed, and it gained in popularity through the period of westward expansion. Initially, only upper-class migrants typically used canned goods. There are references in sources to canned cheese, fruit, meat, oysters, and sardines.
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The first electrostatic machine that used an endless belt to transport charge was constructed during 1872 by Augusto Righi. It used an india rubber belt with wire rings along its length as charge carriers, which passed into a spherical metal electrode. The charge was applied to the belt from the grounded lower roller by electrostatic induction using a charged plate. John Gray also invented a belt machine about 1890.
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Gary "Stretch" Turner showing his extreme Ehlers–Danlos syndrome EDS may have contributed to the virtuoso violinist Niccolò Paganini's skill, as he was able to play wider fingerings than a typical violinist. Many sideshow performers have EDS. Several of them were billed as the Elastic Skin Man, the India Rubber Man, and Frog Boy. They included such well-known individuals (in their time) as Felix Wehrle, James Morris, and Avery Childs.
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Built by C. Mitchell and Co., Newcastle, 1873, . Sold 1881 to India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company and renamed Silvertown which was active in cable work through 1913. Silvertown began the trans Pacific cable at San Francisco for the Commercial Pacific Cable Company in 1902. The ship, second to be designed as a cable ship, was second in size at the time only to SS Great Eastern.
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Hugh Birley (21 October 1817 – 7 September 1883) was a British businessman and Conservative politician. Birley was born in Blackburn, Lancashire. Following education at Winchester School, he went to India, where he was the head of Birley, Corrie and Company, East India merchants. On his return to England he became a partner in Birley and Company, cotton spinners and also in Charles Macintosh and Company, manufacturers of India rubber goods.
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Hutchinson's Research and Innovation Center in France. tapped rubber tree, Cameroon Rubber tree plantation in Thailand Natural rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, caucho or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds, plus water. Thailand and Indonesia are two of the leading rubber producers. Types of polyisoprene that are used as natural rubbers are classified as elastomers.
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In eighteenth century China, workers called "calenderers" in the silk and cotton cloth trades, used heavy rollers to press and finish cloth. In 1836, Edwin M. Chaffee, of the Roxbury India Rubber Company, patented a four-roll calender to make rubber sheet. Chaffee worked with Charles Goodyear with the intention to "produce a sheet of rubber laminated to a fabric base". Calenders were also used for paper and fabrics long before later applications for thermoplastics.
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He next turned his attention to the preparation of a substitute for corks and bungs by coating felt with vulcanised india-rubber. He took out a patent for this invention in 1838, and in 1840 and 1842 enlarged its scope by other patents for retaining fluids in bottles, and for the manufacture of fibrous materials for the cores of stoppers. This invention led to his forming business relations with Messrs. Charles Macintosh & Co. of Manchester.
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Extraction of latex from a rubber tree. Natural rubber is an elastomer, also known as tree gum, India rubber, and caoutchouc, which comes from the rubber tree in tropical regions. Christopher Columbus was the one of the first Europeans to bring news of this odd substance back to Europe, but he was not the only one to report it. Around 1736, a French astronomer recalled how Amerindians used rubber to waterproof shoes and cloaks.
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In his overall first-class career, Felix played in 149 matches and scored 4,556 runs with a highest score of 113. He played at a time when prevailing conditions greatly favoured bowlers and was rated very highly as a batsman by his contemporaries. He was the author of a famous instruction book: Felix on the Bat published in 1845. He also invented the catapulta (a bowling machine) as well as India-rubber batting gloves.
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To their surprise, thousands of US$ worth of goods that they had determined to be of good quality were being returned, the gum having rotted, making them useless. Goodyear at once made up his mind to experiment on this gum and see if he could overcome the problems with these rubber products. However, when he returned to Philadelphia, a creditor had him arrested and imprisoned. While there, he tried his first experiments with India rubber.
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By 1875, officers returning home had started a badminton club in Folkestone. Initially, the sport was played with sides ranging from 1 to 4 players, but it was quickly established that games between two or four competitors worked the best. The shuttlecocks were coated with India rubber and, in outdoor play, sometimes weighted with lead. Although the depth of the net was of no consequence, it was preferred that it should reach the ground.
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"India rubber" hot-water bottles were in use in Britain at least by 1875. Modern conventional hot-water bottles were patented in 1903 and are manufactured in natural rubber or PVC, to a design patented by the Croatian inventor Eduard Penkala. They are now commonly covered in fabric, sometimes with a novelty design. Japanese style plastic hot-water bottle, known locally as a yutanpo, with its cloth protective bag on the right.
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Clontarf is named after the Clontarf district in Dublin, Ireland. The son of Queen Victoria, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh visited Clontarf in 1868 where he was shot in the back by an Irishman, Henry James O'Farrell. Alfred was saved because the bullet struck him at a point where his India-rubber braces, holding his trousers up, crossed over. The bullet was deflected around his rib-cage and did no major harm.
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On 1 July 1950 in the National League match for the Boomerangs against West Ham, Joe, who was now 48 years old fell in his second race and was hit by a following rider and was instantly killed. The riders and promoters decided to carry on with the meeting, as they believed Joe would have wished it. Fans left Odsal Stadium unaware that Joe, with nicknames such as 'India-rubber Man', and "Ironman", had died.
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Wildes v. Dudlow, L.R. 19 Eq. 198; Harburg India-Rubber Co. v. Martin, 1902, I K.B. 786; Guild v. Conrad, 1894, 2 Q.B. 885 C.A. Neither does the statute apply to the promise of a del credere agent to make no sales on behalf of his principal except to persons who are absolutely solvent, and renders the agent liable for any loss that may result from the non-fulfilment of his promise.
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He conducted the Singapore dealership himself.Hartnett to Sutherland Pilch 22 January 1926 in Hartnett Papers, Melbourne University Archives; Big Wheels and Little Wheels p.23-4 The Grange Road operation flourished as booming worldwide demand for rubber brought prosperity to southeast Asia, greatly increasing demand for motor vehicles.Straits Times 17 August 1925; India Rubber Journal 20 September 1924 At the same time, Hartnett benefited personally from the boom by speculating in rubber futures as a sideline.
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Wilson is believed to have been the First Baths Master of the Arlington Baths Club in Glasgow. The first games of 'aquatic football' were played at the Arlington in the late 1800s (the Club was founded in 1870), with a ball constructed of India rubber. This "water rugby" came to be called "water polo" based on the English pronunciation of the Balti word for ball, pulu.12th FINA World Championship 2007: Classroom Resource Retrieved 2007-09-20polo. (n.d.). Dictionary.
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Melpuram is a historical place in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. Rubber plantation plays an important role in this village's economy. Melpuram is a quasi town that is sandwiched by Pacode town panchayat and Edaicode panchayat also the Melpuram union block name is derived from this small town which incorporates 10 village panchayats and 6 town panchayats. Christians and Hindus are the inhabitants of the Melpuram which is proudly saying that there is no communal violence seen.
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In 1864 Charles Hancock joined in a merger of his West Ham Gutta Percha Company into Silver's company to form the India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company. Charles Hancock, a younger brother of Thomas Hancock, was a founder of the Gutta Percha Company, but after a dispute with his partner he left to set up the rival West Ham Gutta Percha Company in 1850 with the support of his family.Haigh, Kenneth Richardson, Cableships and Submarine Cables, p.
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Built by C. Mitchell and Co., Newcastle, 1873, . Sold 1881 to India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company and renamed Silvertown which was active in cable work through 1913. Silvertown began the trans Pacific cable at San Francisco for the Commercial Pacific Cable Company in 1902. was built for the company as tender to Silvertown with two cable tanks but no cable laying machinery until a later refit when that machinery and bow sheaves were fitted.
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Kingsley attained skills in sculpturing and was well known for his crafts in crafting dental prosthesis. He won two gold medals in a row at World's fair Competitions in New York City (1853) and Paris (1855). He published a report of the case, a child with a V-shaped alveolar arch, in 1858 in the New York Dental Journal. In 1859, Kingsley created an artificial palate of soft vulcanized India rubber for his first patient with a cleft palate.
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His De Orbe Novo (published 1530; "On the New World") describes the first contacts of Europeans and Native Americans and contains, for example, the first European reference to India rubber. Richard Hakluyt was an English writer, and is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation (1598–1600).
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So, he and his wife returned yet again to Greytown in 1865. Shortly after his return, he obtained commissions as agent for the Royal Mail ships and agent for an English mining company, shipping large quantities of India rubber, Brazil wood, hides, cedar, rosewood, coffee, indigo, and other products. On June 6, 1867, he and his wife arrived in New York City from Greytown, continuing to Hamburg, Germany, from where they returned to New York City on Sept. 28, 1867.
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His next step was to compound the rubber with magnesia and then boil it in quicklime and water. This appeared to solve the problem. At once it was noticed abroad that he had treated India rubber to lose its stickiness, and he received international acclamation. He seemed on the high road to success, until one day he noticed that a drop of weak acid, falling on the cloth, neutralized the alkali and immediately caused the rubber to become soft again.
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The Free State government exploited the Congo for its natural resources, first ivory and later rubber which was becoming a valuable commodity. With the support of the Free State's military, the Force Publique, the territory was divided into private concessions. The Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company (ABIR), among others, used force and brutality to extract profit from the territory. Their regime in the Congo used forced labour, and murder and mutilation on indigenous Congolese who did not fulfill quotas for rubber collections.
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It was immediately refounded in the Congo Free State as the Abir Congo Company. The name was no longer an acronym of Anglo-Belgian India Rubber and was instead a name in its own right. This change was because the company was no longer supported by British investment, partly because Colonel North had died and his heirs had sold their shares. The new company had a simpler shares system with just 2,000 shares (of 14,300 fr value each) divided between investors.
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In 1884 Montgomery received a patent for a process to vulcanize and de-vulcanize India rubber. In 1895 and again in the period 1901 to 1904, Montgomery occasionally supplemented his aeronautical research with work in other branches of science, including electricity, communication, astronomy and mining. In 1895 he received four patents (American, German, British, and Canadian) for improvements in the efficiency of petroleum burning furnaces. In 1897 he took a teaching position at Santa Clara College and directed study of wireless telegraphy with Father Richard Bell.
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Shortly thereafter, several people expanded on experimentation of rubber coated fabrics. In 1839 the Duke of Wellington tested the first inflatable pontoons. In 1840, the English scientist Thomas Hancock designed inflatable craft using his new methods of rubber vulcanization and described his achievements in The Origin and Progress of India Rubber Manufacture in England published a few years later. alt=Two small dinghies In 1844 - 1845, British naval officer Lieutenant Peter Halkett developed two types of inflatable boats intended for use by Arctic explorers.
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Concessions were allocated to private companies. In the north, the Société Anversoise was given , while the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company (ABIR) was given a comparable territory in the south. The Compagnie du Katanga and Compagnie des Grands Lacs were given smaller concessions in the south and east respectively. Leopold kept a large proportion of territory under personal rule, known as the Crown Domain (Domaine de la Couronne), of which was added to the territory he already controlled under the Private Domain (Domaine privé).
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These would sit on the bottom of the lock and be raised using winches, held in place by an inflated India rubber bag at the top, and latches at the sides. Butler responded saying they could not be added unless savings were found elsewhere. These were found by reducing the length of the entrance piers. Butler approved these changes, but it was eventually found that the continual changes in the plans resulted in additional payments to the contractors, who were continually being forced to change plans.
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While Alfred Robert retained this spelling, his sons Alfred J. and Edgar chose to drop it and return to the earlier, English spelling. The family had done business for over five generations with one of the India Rubber Company's toy manufacturing facilities. He grew up tri-lingual in Russian, English and German and early on, displayed an unusual musical talent which he likely got from his Russo- Finnish mother Sophie Lorentzen, an excellent pianist. Alfred was educated at the German St. Catherine's School St. Petersburg.
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Ten Acre Mews, a small housing development now occupies the site.Butler, Joanne; Baker, Anne; Southworth, Pat: Selly Oak and Selly Park (Tempus 2005) p38 Capon Heaton: Hazelwell Mill was established in the late 17th century to grind corn for the sub-manor of Hazelwell in Kings Norton. In about the mid-18th century it was converted to the boring and grinding of gun barrels. By 1904 the earlier watermill had been demolished. Edward Capon and Harry Heaton entered into a partnership in 1883. As Capon-Heaton and Company they manufactured India-rubber at Lifford until the mid-1890s when the firm moved to Hazelwell, the next mill downstream where they continued until acquired in 1964 by Avon India Rubber Co.Demidowicz, G and Price S: King’s Norton – A History (Phillimore 2009) p139 In 1978-9 The Stirchley Industrial Estate was built over the original mill and mill pool site. Eccles Caravans: In 1913 A J Riley and his son built his first recreational vehicle by putting a caravan body onto a Talbot car chassis. After World War I ended the Riley’s decided to invest in a motor haulage company that was having difficulty.
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The major supplier by far was Telcon, with some work subcontracted to W. T. Henley at North Woolwich who themselves had become a major manufacturer of electrical equipment with a 16.5 acre site. Gutta-percha production was near-monopolised by the India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company, by then a subsidiary of Telcon, at their 15-acre site in Silvertown. The company operated a number of cable ships, of which the Silvertown was the largest in the world at that time. Siemens also had a cable manufacturing facility at Woolwich.
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After William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone had introduced their working telegraph in 1839, the idea of a submarine line across the Atlantic Ocean began to be thought of as a possible triumph of the future. Samuel Morse proclaimed his faith in it as early as 1840, and in 1842, he submerged a wire, insulated with tarred hemp and India rubber,[Heroes of the Telegraph – Chapter III. – Samuel Morse] in the water of New York Harbor, and telegraphed through it. The following autumn, Wheatstone performed a similar experiment in Swansea Bay.
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The India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company, established by the Silver family and giving that name to a section of London, furnished cores to Henley's as well as eventually making and laying finished cable. In 1870 William Hooper established Hooper's Telegraph Works to manufacture his patented vulcanized rubber core, at first to furnish other makers of finished cable, that began to compete with the gutta-percha cores. The company later expanded into complete cable manufacture and cable laying, including the building of the first cable ship specifically designed to lay transatlantic cables.
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His brother John Hancock Nunn was in the India rubber business founded by Thomas Hancock. Nunn was vice-chair of the Hampstead Charity Organization Society (COS). Soon after the founding of the first university-affiliated institution of the world-wide Settlement movement in 1884 at Toynbee Hall in Whitechapel he made a base for himself there. He resided there from 1884–1891, and in 1892 published an article, "The Universities' Settlement in Whitechapel" in The Economic Review which describes why it was established and how well it had meant those aims.
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The red colour of the rubber appears to be > accentuated more and more as the district in which the vine is cultivated is > farther from the zone known as the Great Equatorial Forest. In the south of > the Congo territory, for instance, latitude 7S and 8S, the india-rubber > collected is almost red. In the Upper Congo the latex from these varieties > is very watery, whilst in the Kasai district it is thick. In the former > district it is coagulated by means of Bosanga, and in the latter it > coagulates spontaneously in contact with air.
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An engraving of Telegraph Island in the 1860s showing the telegraph station The Persian Gulf cable was never entirely reliable, with interruptions and errors at the repeater stations. A message usually took a minimum of five days to reach London from Karachi. Another problem was the destructive influence of the teredo (a wormlike bivalve mollusk) on the gutta percha insulation of the cables, which was more susceptible to them than the india rubber insulation used on other cables in warm water areas."Latest Intelligence", Glasgow Herald, 17 April 1870.
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Mary Callery (June 19, 1903 - February 12, 1977) was an American artist known for her Modern and Abstract Expressionist sculpture. She was part of the New York School art movement of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. It is said she "wove linear figures of acrobats and dancers, as slim as spaghetti and as flexible as India rubber, into openwork bronze and steel forms. A friend of Picasso, she was one of those who brought the good word of French modernism to America at the start of World War II".
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A traveling fair arrives and sets up camp directly next to the Kirrin Children. The children attempt to make friends with the performers, but the performers do not feel the same way. Performers include Alfredo the Fire-Eater, Bufflo the Whip Cracker and his assistant Skippy, Mr. India Rubber, and Mr. Slither, the snake-man. The tension between the children and performers finally culminates in the performers waiting until the children have gone for a walk and then hitching up their own horses to the children’s caravans to move them to another field.
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We observed also two designers busily at work here... By 1860 the company employing over 200 people and eight steam engines annually producing over five million yard of cotton muslin. Beside this company, Samuel Marsh had founded related firms such as "The New York India Rubber Cloth Company,". This company was founded in 1835 in cooperation with Nathan Barrett and some other persons associated with them, for the purpose of manufacturing water-proof cloth and other articles incident thereto. It was located in the town of Castletown, county of Richmond.
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He was sentenced to five years' penal servitude, and imprisoned in Peterhead prison near Aberdeen. However, a militant campaign was launched for his release: > The call 'Release John Maclean was never silent. Every week the socialist > papers kept up the barrage and reminded their readers that in Germany Karl > Liebknecht was already free, while in 'democratic' Britain John Maclean was > lying in a prison cell being forcibly fed twice a day by an India rubber > tube forced down his gullet or up his nose. 'Is the Scottish Office' asked > Forward.
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Early linoleum at Tyntesfield Linoleum was invented by Englishman Frederick Walton. In 1855, Walton happened to notice the rubbery, flexible skin of solidified linseed oil (linoxyn) that had formed on a can of oil-based paint and thought that it might form a substitute for India rubber. Raw linseed oil oxidizes very slowly, but Walton accelerated the process by heating it with lead acetate and zinc sulfate. This made the oil form a resinous mass into which lengths of cheap cotton cloth were dipped until a thick coating formed.
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It was suggested again after 1923, but at the time the Southern Railway had invested heavily in piers and ferryboats, and were opposed to the idea; the local authorities too considered it unacceptably expensive. In fact in 1932 Dendy Marshall wrote to The Engineer magazine, proposing a tunnel with a revival of the atmospheric system. In a smooth-walled tunnel; there would be trains of "one carriage fitted with about half a dozen transverse fins of india-rubber nearly fitting the tunnel". Powerful fans would propel the vehicle at up to .
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The climax was reached in 1834, when Batista Campos published a letter from the Bishop of Pará, Romualdo de Sousa Coelho, criticizing various politicians from the province. For not having permission from the provincial government, Campos was persecuted, and sought refuge on the fazenda of his friend Clemente Malcher. Meeting the Vinagre brothers (Manuel Vinagre, Francisco Pedro Vinagre, and Antônio Vinagre) and the India-rubber collector and journalist Eduardo Angelim they joined a contingent of rebels on Malcher's plantation. Before being attacked by government forces, they abandoned the plantation.
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Their plant in Barnsley manufactured tennis balls and exported them round the world. The plant closed in 2002, and production is now based in the Philippines. In 1902, Slazengers were appointed as the official tennis ball supplier to The Championships at Wimbledon, and it remains one of the longest unbroken sporting sponsorships in history. In 1910, a public company was incorporated to acquire Slazenger and Sons, "manufacturers of sports equipment, india rubber, gutta percha and waterproof goods, leather merchants and dealers",The Times, 29 May 1911 which floated on the stock market.
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After retiring from the Telegraph Construction Company, Canning practiced as a consulting engineer in matters connected with telegraphy, and, among other work, superintended the laying of the Marseilles-Algiers and other cables for the India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company. He acted later as adviser to the West Indian, Panama and other telegraph companies. He was a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers (from 1 February 1876) and the Institution of Electrical Engineers. Canning died at 1 Inverness Gardens, Kensington, on 24 September 1908, and was buried in Kensal Green cemetery.
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Goodyear goes on to describe how his discovery was not readily accepted. > He directly inferred that if the process of charring could be stopped at the > right point, it might divest the gum of its native adhesiveness throughout, > which would make it better than the native gum. Upon further trial with > heat, he was further convinced of the correctness of this inference, by > finding that the India rubber could not be melted in boiling sulfur at any > heat, but always charred. He made another trial of heating a similar fabric > before an open fire.
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The company incorporated or came into existence on 25 January 1980 under The Companies Act 1956. The company was a sister company of Enkay India Rubber Company Pvt Ltd, which is also engaged in producing sports products for a number of years. It was a private company until 15 March 1994 after which the company was transformed into a Public Company. After incorporation of the company it took over the partnership Firm Coronation Sportingball Co., which started operating in 1976 and was engaged in the production of Sporting Balls.
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Arguably the very first structured form of the modern game ever played was on 13 July 1876 off Bournemouth Pier between seven “competitors” on each side. The goals were marked by four flags and positioned to the west of the pier 50 yards apart. After a “severe struggle the ball burst but the players were undaunted and went on to display their aquatic accomplishments for some time”. Another fixture was held a week later where again the India rubber ball (inside of a football) burst in a game, which was described as “aquatic handball”.
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He wished "a happy Independence Day to the US, its territories and properties..." It took nine minutes for the message to travel worldwide. In 1906 Siemens AG made and laid the section from Guam to Bonin Islands in the Japanese archipelago. In the same year the India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company manufactured and laid a cable between Manila and Shanghai using CS Silvertown and CS Store Nordiske. CS Dickenson, built in 1923 In the First World War the trans-Pacific service slowed significantly from repeated faults and the general increase in war-related traffic.
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Galenas original design, dated 28 June, was for a schooner- rigged corvette with three masts, long at the waterline with a beam of , a depth of hold of and an estimated displacement of . The ship's sides were protected by wrought iron plates thick, backed by of india rubber and the side of the hull. The ship's deck consisted of armor . A revised design was submitted to the Ironclad Board, for which a contract was awarded on 28 September, in which the sloop was enlarged, probably because it was uncertain if the original design could support the proposed armor's weight.
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Foote introduced his device, the womb veil, in a self-published book entitled Medical Common Sense: > This consists of an India-rubber contrivance which the female easily adjusts > in the vagina before copulation, and which spreads a thin tissue of rubber > before the mouth of the womb so as to prevent the seminal aura from > entering. … Conception cannot possibly take place when it is used. The full > enjoyment of the conjugal embrace can be indulged in during coition. The > husband would hardly be likely to know that it was being used, unless told > by the wife.
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The USPTO appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, which in February 2019 upheld the District Court ruling in a 2-1 decision. A key issue raised on appeal was the consideration that the components of "booking.com" ("booking" and ".com") were both considered generic, but as the Fourth Circuit upheld, their combination was recognized by consumers as a unique service due to the online domain name, rather than a broad range of online booking services, as to align with the prior decision from the Supreme Court case Goodyear's India Rubber Glove Mfg.
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In 1836, Sievier patented a process for rubberising fabrics and formed a ‘patent’ company (the London Caoutchouc Company - caoutchouc being the original name for India rubber). The company became large-scale manufacturers of elastic driving bands for machinery, rope for mines, waterproof cloths and garments, and waterproof canvas, as well the first rubber-insulated wire.History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy - Distant Writing by Steven Roberts His interests in manufacturing took over from the early 1840s onwards. Sievier's factory was situated close to his home, the Old Manor House, in Upper Holloway, at the south corner of Red Cap Lane (later Elthorne Road).
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A good insulator to cover the wire and prevent the electric current from leaking into the water was necessary for the success of a long submarine line. India rubber had been tried by Moritz von Jacobi, the Prussian electrical engineer, as far back as the early 19th century. Another insulating gum which could be melted by heat and readily applied to wire made its appearance in 1842. Gutta-percha, the adhesive juice of the Palaquium gutta tree, was introduced to Europe by William Montgomerie, a Scottish surgeon in the service of the British East India Company.
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Joe Rotumah's house on Darnley Island with India rubber planted in 1890-1898 Darnley Island or Erub in the native Papuan language, Meriam Mir, is an island formed by volcanic action and situated in the eastern section of the Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. It is one of the Torres Strait Islands and is located near the Great Barrier Reef and just south of the Bligh entrance. The town on the island is also called Darnley, but the locality is called Erub Island, both being within the local government area of Torres Strait Island Region. Approximately 400 people live on Darnley Island.
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The main effect of this was that the bar on the Leith side served until 9.30pm and after that the customers could adjourn to the Edinburgh side to enjoy additional drinking time. 19thC industrial dwellings at the former Victoria India Rubber Mills (rear view) Pilrig Church (now Pilrig St Paul's Church) is visible along the entire length of Leith Walk. It was designed by architects Peddie and Kinnear and constructed (1861-63) originally for the Free Church of Scotland. It has a fine interior, including early examples of stained glass by Daniel Cottier and a historic organ by Forster and Andrews (1903).
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The general format of the periodical was to publish three serial erotic tales simultaneously, devoted to sex in high society, incest, and flagellation, respectively. The novels, six in total, were interspersed with limericks, hymns, odes, songs, facetious nursery rhymes, acrostic poems, parodies, faux advertisements, and fabricated letters to the editor. The topics depicted in the novels and poems were wide-ranging, including women's suffrage, physical disability, sexual impairment, secret sex societies, bestiality, India-rubber dildos, slave rape, duels, mock crucifixions, Turkish harems, and prophylactic devices.Thomas J. Joudrey, "Against Communal Nostalgia: Reconstructing Sociality in the Pornographic Ballad," Victorian Poetry 54.4 (2017).
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William John Wedlock (28 October 1880 – 25 January 1965), also known as "Fatty" or the "India Rubber Man", was a footballer who played for Bristol City in 1900–01 and from 1905 until his retirement in 1921. Between 1901 and 1905 he played for Aberdare.Athletic News 24 December 1906 He was a centre- half whose his short and stout stature belied his natural talent. He won 26 England caps between 1907 and 1914, his only rival for the centre-half position being Charlie Roberts of Manchester United, his opposite number in the 1909 FA Cup Final.
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The core of the Scilly cable consisted of three copper wires, insulated by india-rubber, and was manufactured by the Silvertown Company. The outer covering was composed of six strands of Manilla hemp, through each of which ran a galvanised iron wire. The cable weight was per mile, with a breaking strain of . of each end of the wire was bound with galvanized iron wire, to protect against chafing on rocks, bringing the weight to per mile. On 22 September 1869 the steamer Resolute of Newcastle, arrived at Penzance with the telegraph cable to connect Land’s End to the Isles of Scilly.
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The United Rubber Workers of Great Britain was an organisation representing workers involved in the processing of rubber and other waterproof materials in the United Kingdom. The union was founded in 1889 as the Waterproof Trade Union, then in 1891 changed its name to the India Rubber, Cable and Asbestos Workers' Union. Before World War I it was renamed the United Rubber Workers of Great Britain. Its membership fell to only 312 in 1936, at the end of a long trade depression, but it survived and by 1945, membership had risen to more than 4,000 people.
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Later still, the firm manufactured combination products with rubber and asbestos, including clutch and brake linings, leading to the mill complex being described as "Asbestos and India Rubber Works" in 1910.Ordnance Survey, Lancashire Survey, Sheet LXXX.16, edition of 1910. Wilfrid Ellison Some Notes on the Earlier History and Development to 1939 of Turner Brothers Asbestos Co. Ltd (Rochdale) 1950, pp2-9 With the growing awareness in the third quarter of the 20th Century of the health risks of asbestos, and a growing number of asbestosis claims from past and present employees, the company went into decline, and ceased operations on site.
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William Crookes, F.R.S., &c.; (ed) The Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science Volume XXXI.— 1875 The membership of the BMS was made up of middle-class chemists, physicians, and owners of businesses such as iron-making and instrument manufacturers which were increasingly subject to technological change. The BMS was a forerunner of the Geological Society of London. In his own research, Pepys worked on soda-water apparatus in 1798 and also researched into using mercury contacts for electrical apparatus and tubes coated in India rubber to convey gases, inventing the mercury gasometer as a result.
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Only Willie John McBride has represented the Lions more times since. In 1959 Jeeps' ability to serve up decent possession from apparently any angle led New Zealanders to dub him "the India-rubber Man". They also rated him the most complete footballer of the Lions' backs, high praise indeed when the Lions party included Bev Risman, David Hewitt, Tony O'Reilly, Peter Jackson and Ken Scotland. In 1962 the South Africans also rated him amongst the best of the visiting backs, although this time he caught the eye as much for his astute marshalling of his pack as for skill as an instigator of flashing attacks.
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Leopold was partly exploiting the local population so fiercely to profit from increased rubber demand after the invention of the pneumatic or inflatable tyre by John Boyd Dunlop in Belfast in 1887. Methods of coercion included whipping, hostage-taking, rape, murder and burning of gardens and villages. Nsala of Wala in Congo looks at the severed hand and foot of his five-year old daughter The most famous and shocking atrocity, whose aftermath Harris captured in her photography, was the severing of hands. In 1904, two men arrived at their mission from a village attacked by 'sentries' of the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company (ABIR) after failing to provide sufficient rubber.
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Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1808 James was educated at the Royal High School at the age of nine, and remained until he was fifteen, when he entered the University of Edinburgh. For two years he frequented the arts classes (including botany), and in 1817 began the medical curriculum, devoting himself with particular keenness to chemistry. His chemical experiments led him to the discovery that a valuable substance is obtainable from coal tar which has the property of dissolving india-rubber, and could be used for waterproofing silk and other textile fabrics; an idea which was patented a few months afterwards by Charles Macintosh, of Glasgow (see also Mackintosh).
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His next move was to go to Boston, where he became acquainted with J. Haskins, of the Roxbury Rubber Company. Goodyear found him to be a good friend, who lent him money and stood by him when no one would have anything to do with the visionary inventor. A man named Mr. Chaffee was also exceedingly kind and ever ready to lend a listening ear to his plans, and to also assist him in a pecuniary way. About this time it occurred to Mr. Chaffee that much of the trouble that they had experienced in working India rubber might come from the solvent that was used.
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In the book Nothing but the Best. Outstanding Leeds Rugby Players 1928–1988, the former Leeds secretary Ken Dalby paid the following tribute to Jubb: > Highest today, Jubby! Resilient as an India-rubber ball, restless as a > panther patrolling its patch, Ken Jubb was a rattling good forward, whose > 'party piece' was a massive punt, occasionally way off target, that soared > into outer space to the accompaniment of good-natured banter from Headingley > Rugby Stadium's South Stand. Moreover, from time to time, as an encore to > one of his pile driving touchline cover tackles, he would slip in an > acrobatic extra, cartwheels and flips being his speciality.
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There are also obtained in the distillation light oils and a product resembling vaseline. The residue in the stills consists of a hard, black, waxy substance, which in admixture with India-rubber was employed under the name of okonite as an electrical insulator. From the residue a form of the material known as heel-ball, used to impart a polished surface to the heels and soles of boots, was also manufactured. Mining of ozokerite fell off after 1940 due to competition from paraffins manufactured from petroleum, but as it has a higher melting point than most petroleum waxes, it is still favored for some applications, such as electrical insulators and candles.
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Local trade along the river was carried on by the English successors to the Amazonas Company—the Amazon Steam Navigation Company—as well as numerous small steamboats, belonging to companies and firms engaged in the rubber trade, navigating the Negro, Madeira, Purús and many other tributaries, such as the Marañón, to ports as distant as Nauta, Peru. By the turn of the 20th century, the exports of the Amazon basin were India-rubber, cacao beans, Brazil nuts and a few other products of minor importance, such as pelts and exotic forest produce (resins, barks, woven hammocks, prized bird feathers, live animals) and extracted goods, such as lumber and gold.
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Richard Lindon & Co. (Rugby, England) hold the Registered Design for the Original Punt-about ButtonBall. A rugby ball hand stitched to the same standards and texture as the 1850s original is displayed in the museum at Rugby School. Around 1854 at Rugby School, the ball was kicked high in the air, dropped down a disused chimney and was lost behind wooden panels for over a century and a half. A hybrid 7-panel ButtonBall, made before the split between the Rugby Football Union and Football Association, it is the world's oldest known "template" ball, inflated with an India-rubber bladder which revolutionised ball manufacture and allowed the spread of the game throughout the world.
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He also added interior ballast tanks fore and aft. The New York Times reported on March 22, 1862, that "The Naugatuck is not intended to be a model of Mr. Stevens' iron-clad battery, but is designed to illustrate one or two novel ideas connected with that monstrous engine of war, viz: The ability to sink and raise a vessel with great rapidity; to turn and manage her by means of two propellers located one on each side of the stern; also, taking up the recoil of the gun by means of India-rubber." Stevens renamed the vessel after himself. Many contemporary newspapers and later historians mistakenly confused the E.A. Stevens with the Stevens Battery.
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It was a fever-laden country – a veritable white man's grave ; but he had a constitution of iron which carried him through. His younger brother, Amyas Portal Hyatt, probably the most popular youngster ever in Rhodesia, joined him as partner, and everything the firm of Hyatt Brothers touched proved successful. The brothers set up a trading post at Shona village, and by the end of the Boer War the Hyatts had made a fortune, which included thirteen thousand acres of rubber-growing land granted them by the Portuguese Government in return for their exploring the India-rubber jungles of Mozambique. By the age of 22 Stanley was the largest native trader in Eastern Mashonaland.
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The gum was inexpensive then, and by heating it and working it in his hands, he managed to incorporate in it a certain amount of magnesia which produced a white compound which appeared to take away the stickiness. He thought he had discovered the secret, and through the kindness of friends was able to improve his invention in New Haven. The first thing that he made was shoes, and he used his own house for grinding, calendering and vulcanizing, with the help of his wife and children. His compound at this time consisted of India rubber, lampblack, and magnesia, the whole dissolved in turpentine and spread upon the flannel cloth which served as the lining for the shoes.
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In early January 1856 Henry Lee Norris, an American entrepreneur from Jersey City, New Jersey, and his friend and partner Spencer Thomas Parmelee of New Haven, Connecticut, landed in Scotland to work a patent of Charles Goodyear for the manufacture of India-rubber overshoes and boots. They landed in Glasgow and began by searching for a suitable factory, which they eventually found at the Castle Mill in Edinburgh. A fine pair of condensing steam engines and boilers were included in the lease, which they were able to take up almost immediately due to the mill's partial occupation at the time. The pair were ready to begin operations in the midsummer of 1856.
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In the coast regions the typical tree is the mangrove, which flourishes wherever the soil is of a swamp character. The dense forests of West Africa contain, in addition to a great variety of hardwoods, two palms, Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) and Raphia vinifera (bamboo palm), not found, generally speaking, in the savanna regions. Bombax or silk-cotton trees attain gigantic proportions in the forests, which are the home of the India rubber-producing plants and of many valuable kinds of timber trees, such as odum (Chlorophora excelsa), ebony, mahogany (Khaya senegalensis), Oldfieldia (Oldfieldia africana) and camwood (Baphia nitida). The climbing plants in the tropical forests are exceedingly luxuriant and the undergrowth or "bush" is extremely dense.
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Wooden pontoons and India rubber bag pontoons shaped like a torpedo proved impractical until the development of cotton-canvas covered pontoons, which required more maintenance but were lightweight and easier to work with and transport. From 1864 a lightweight design known as Cumberland Pontoons, a folding boat system, were widely used during the Atlanta Campaign to transport soldiers and artillery across rivers in the South. In 1872 at a military review before Queen Victoria, a pontoon bridge was thrown across the River Thames at Windsor, Berkshire, where the river was wide. The bridge, comprising 15 pontoons held by 14 anchors, was completed in 22 minutes and then used to move five battalions of troops across the river.
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John Thomas North King Leopold decided to give concessions of his territory to private companies who would then collect the rubber tax and export it. With this in mind he approached British Colonel John Thomas North, who had made a fortune through speculating on Chilean nitrates, for capital with which to fund a concession company. North agreed and provided £40,000 of the 250,000 Belgian francs' (fr) initial investment.. As a result, the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company (informally known as Abir) was established at Antwerp on 6 August 1892.. The company was divided into 2,000 shares of 500 fr value each. British investors (including North) held 1880 shares whilst Belgians held the remaining 120 shares.
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A number of chemists also swore that even if he had analysed Goodyear's material, this would not have given him enough information to duplicate the process. Alexander Parkes, inventor of the "cold cure" process (vulcanisation of fabrics using sulphur chloride in a carbon disulphide solution), claimed that both Hancock and Brockendon admitted to him that their experiments on the Goodyear samples had enabled them to understand what he had done. The firm had large display stands at the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London and at the 1855 Exposition Universelle in Paris. In 1857 Hancock published the story of his life's work as "The Origin and Progress of the Caoutchouc or India-Rubber Industry in England".
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India rubber was too tough to inflate by mouth and after seeing an ordinary medical Ear Syringe he produced a larger brass version to blow up his footballs, which he demonstrated, and won medals for, at an exhibition in London. This allowed the production of the first round ball, though it still had a button at each end of the ball to hold the stitching together, at the point where the leather panels met. "Buttonless balls" became a prime selling point for suppliers and manufacturers by the 1880s. The Rugby School boys still wanted an oval ball produced to distinguish their hand and foot game from association football, so Lindon created a bladder design which allowed a more egg-shaped buttonless ball to be manufactured.
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Poster advertisement for Nestle's Milk by Théophile Alexandre Steinlen, 1895 This trend was driven by cultural changes as well as increased sanitation measures, and it continued throughout the 19th and much of the 20th century, with a notable increase after Elijah Pratt invented and patented the India-rubber nipple in 1845. As early as 1846, scientists and nutritionists noted an increase in medical problems and infant mortality was associated with dry nursing. In an attempt to improve the quality of manufactured baby foods, in 1867, Justus von Liebig developed the world's first commercial infant formula, Liebig's Soluble Food for Babies. The success of this product quickly gave rise to competitors such as Mellin's Food, Ridge's Food for Infants and Nestlé's Milk.
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The first working submarine cable had been laid in 1851 between Dover and Calais. Its design formed the basis of future cables: a copper conductor, the cable's core, was insulated with gutta-percha, a type of latex from Malaya which had been found preferable to India rubber for under-water use. The cable was armoured with iron wire, thicker at the shore ends where extra protection from anchors and tidal chafing was needed. Although this basic technology was in place, there was a world of difference between a cross-Channel line of less than twenty- five miles and a cable capable of spanning the Atlantic, crossing the between Valentia, on the west coast of Ireland, and Newfoundland in depths of up to two miles (3 km).
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Over the next two weeks the gang brought in various pieces of necessary equipment, including a 60-foot (18.25 m) length of India rubber gas hose, a cylinder of compressed gas and a selection of tools, including diamond-tipped drills. With the exception of Gardstein, the identities of the gang members present in Houndsditch on the night of 16 December 1910 have never been confirmed. Bernard Porter, writing in the Dictionary of National Biography, considers that Sokoloff and Peters were present and, in all likelihood, were two of those who shot the policemen who interrupted their burglary. Porter opines that Peter the Painter was probably not at the property that night, while the journalist J P Eddy suggests that Svaars was among those present.
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It was manufactured by Hooper & Co., of Millwall and the wire was coated with india rubber, then a new insulator. The Hooper left Plymouth in June, and after touching at Madeira, where Thomson was up 'sounding with his special toy' (the pianoforte wire) 'at half-past three in the morning,' they reached Pernambuco by the beginning of August, and laid a cable to Pará." "During the next two years the Brazilian system was connected to the West Indies and the Río de la Plata but Jenkin was not present on the expeditions. While engaged in this work, the ill-fated La Plata, carrying cable from the Siemens AG company to Montevideo, sank in a cyclone off Ushant with the loss of nearly all her crew.
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Foote's work is discussed by Ralph Lorenz in a modern planetary climate context, who notes that the near-infrared (0.8 to 3 μm) radiation absorption reported by Foote is effectively an "antigreenhouse effect" (like nuclear winter or dust in the Martian atmosphere), and not the greenhouse effect which is due to absorption and re-radiation of invisible longwave ('thermal') infrared radiation. This distinction was not fully appreciated in the 1850s. Foote also worked on electrical excitation of gases and, in August 1857, her work was published again in the Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She also received a patent in 1860 for a "filling for soles of boots and shoes" made of "one piece, of vulcanised india-rubber" to "prevent the squeaking of boots and shoes".
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Landing of an Italy-USA cable (4,704 nautical miles long), on the Rockoway beach, New-York, January 1925. Transatlantic cables of the 19th century consisted of an outer layer of iron and later steel wire, wrapping India rubber, wrapping gutta-percha, which surrounded a multi-stranded copper wire at the core. The portions closest to each shore landing had additional protective armour wires. Gutta-percha, a natural polymer similar to rubber, had nearly ideal properties for insulating submarine cables, with the exception of a rather high dielectric constant which made cable capacitance high. William Thomas Henley had developed a machine in 1837 for covering wires with silk or cotton thread that he developed into a wire wrapping capability for submarine cable with a factory in 1857 that became W.T. Henley's Telegraph Works Co., Ltd.
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In 1865 the Society of Engineers, London, made direct comparison between the radial axle, invented by William Bridges Adams, and a bogie design with an india-rubber central bearing invented by William Adams: during trials on the North London Railway the laterally sprung bogie was thought superior to the radial axle, but when William Adams moved from the NLR to the London and South Western Railway he adopted the design of his rival William Bridges Adams; the locomotives now known as Adams Radials are named after the LSWR Locomotive Superintendent, but are famous for the axle invented by William Bridges Adams. Notwithstanding the 1865 comparative trials of the two inventors' products, there is some confusion over the inventor of the axle. Lexicon der Eisenbahn cites William Adams (1823-1904) as the inventor.
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John Franklin bought one for the ill-fated 1845 expedition, in which the entire expedition party of 129 men and two ships vanished. In his explorations along the Oregon Trail, and the tributaries and forks of the Platte River in 1842 and 1843, John C. Frémont recorded what may have been the first use of an inflatable rubber boat for travel down rivers and rapids in the Rocky Mountains. In his account of the expedition he described his boat: > Among the useful things which formed a portion of our equipage, was an > India-rubber boat, 18 feet long, made somewhat in the form of a bark canoe > of the northern lakes. The sides were formed by two airtight cylinders, > eighteen inches in diameter, connected with others forming the bow and > stern.
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In 1824 he set up on his own account as a manufacturer of split- rings by machinery, to which he subsequently added the making of steel pens. Owing to the circumstance of his pens being marketed through James Perry (founder of Perry & Co., the London stationer whose name they bore, he was less well known than Joseph Gillott and other makers, although he was really the largest producer in England, contributing heavily to the Birmingham pen trade. Bust by William Bloye, made from a (destroyed) statue by Francis John Williamson In 1874 the business was converted into a limited liability company. Besides his steel-pen trade, Mason carried on for many years the business of electro-plating, copper-smelting, and India-rubber ring making, in conjunction with George Elkington.
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Buddy introduces, in verse, the "Ubangi twins", two performers who can play one another as musical instruments; "Oscar the Ubangi-phone," who can play records with his mouth; "Elastiko the India-Rubber Man", whose body can stretch to great lengths and whose skull can take great punishment; "Asbesto the Human Stove", who eats eggs and then, by X-ray, demonstrates his natural ability to cook them within his digestive tract. But none of this is the "big show," to which Buddy happily welcomes all of his guests. We come to a two ring circus, where ringmaster Buddy precedes a kangaroo (or two) with a trumpet, and lions jump through smoke rings blown by a reclining clown. One performer subjects himself to being lifted by his teeth with a rope, which reveals them to be dentures, which come out of his mouth and the performer falls to the ground.
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He therefore began to modify his design, convinced that, by doing so, he would be able to create an 'Atmospheric' Bude-Lamp: by substituting air for oxygen with little detrimental effect. To eliminate the need for maintaining a wick, he explored using coal gas in place of oil. He purified the gas, and impregnated it with vapours of naphtha, turpentine and India rubber; this was then fed through a set of concentric burners designed 'to communicate by conduction and radiation sufficient heat to raise the temperature of the gas to a given point, so as to effect the separation of its charcoal immediately on its leaving the burner, and then […] to bring fresh atmospheric air to the proper points of the flame'. The chemical changes brought about by this precision mechanical arrangement achieved 'an effulgence adequate to every purpose of internal and external illumination'.
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S.W. Silver & Company had been doing business since the 18th century supplying colonial and army needs for clothing and acting as shipping agents for those personnel traveling overseas. After Charles Macintosh developed waterproofing for fabric the company set up a factory at Greenwich for manufacture of such goods. After that factory began manufacture of insulated wire and cable the factory was moved across the Thames to Woolwich and continued to expand with much of the local population employed in the works with the area becoming known as Silvertown. Prior to becoming a limited company the manufacture of cable had been restricted to relatively short segments of the cable and core (the conductor and inner insulation). Silver's sons, Stephen William Silver and Hugh Adams Silver took over and expanded the business and began more work with submarine cable insulation becoming in 1863 Silver’s India Rubber Works & Telegraph Cable Company, Limited.
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Gillison, Royal Australian Air Force, p. 16 On 30 November, he married his cousin Katherine Cole in St Peter's Chapel at Melbourne Grammar School; the couple would have two sons and two daughters. Squadron Leader Cole was posted to England in 1923–24 to attend RAF Staff College, Andover,Coulthard-Clark, The Third Brother, p. 90 returning to Australia in 1925 to become Director of Personnel and Training.Gillison, Royal Australian Air Force, p. 712 Promoted to wing commander, he was in charge of No. 1 Flying Training School (No. 1 FTS) at RAAF Station Point Cook, Victoria, from 1926 to 1929.Coulthard-Clark, The Third Brother, p. 467 The first Citizens Air Force (reserve) pilots' course took place during Cole's tenure at No. 1 FTS; although twenty-four accidents occurred, injuries were minor, leading him to remark at the graduation ceremony that the students were either made of India rubber or had learned how to crash "moderately safely".
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However, this engagement ended in controversy when the Company discovered that, at the same time as Bright was acting as engineer for the Company, he had also agreed to be the sub-contractor for the Telegraph Works Company, which the Panama (etc.) Company had engaged to carry out the work of laying the cable the cable. This ended in a court case between the Panama (etc.) Company and Telegraph Works Company, which was heard in the Divisional Court on the 27th of April 1875, and which gave judgment for the Panama (etc.) Company on the basis that Bright's dual engagement had given rise to an improper conflict of interest that was tantamount to fraud.Panama and South Pacific Telegraph Company v India Rubber, Gutta Percha, and Telegraph Works Company (1874-75) L.R. 10 Ch. App. 515 That case is now a leading judicial authority in English law on third party liability for procuring a breach of duty by an agent.
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Goodyear Metallic Rubber Shoe Company & Downtown Naugatuck (c. 1890) By 1892, there were many rubber manufacturing companies in Naugatuck, Connecticut, as well as elsewhere in Connecticut. Nine companies consolidated their operations in Naugatuck to become the United States Rubber Company. One of the nine, Goodyear's India Rubber Glove Mfg. Co. (named Litchfield Rubber Co. until 1847) - which manufactured rubber gloves for telegraph linemen - was the only company in which Charles Goodyear, inventor of the rubber vulcanization process, is known to have owned stock. From 1892 to 1913, the rubber footwear divisions of U.S. Rubber manufactured their products under 30 different brand names, including the Wales-Goodyear Shoe Co. The company consolidated these footwear brands under one name, Keds, in 1916, and were mass-marketed as the first flexible rubber-sole with canvas- top "sneakers" in 1917. 1922 US Tire newspaper ad. On May 26, 1896, Charles Dow created the Dow Industrial average of twelve industrial manufacturing stocks, which included among them U.S. Rubber Company.
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A promise to give a guarantee is within the statute, though not one to procure a guarantee. The general principles which determine what are guarantees within the statute of frauds are: (1) the primary liability of a third person must exist or be contemplated;Birkmyr v. Darnell, 1 Sm. L.C. Iith ed. 299; Mounistephen v. Lakeman, L.R. 7 Q.B. 196; L.R. 7 H.L. 17 (2) the promise must be made to the creditor; (3) there must be no liability by the surety independent of an express promise of guarantee; (4) the main object of the parties to the guarantee must be the fulfilment of a third party's obligation;See Harburg India-Rubber Comb Co. v. Martin, I K.B. 778, 786 (1902) and (5) the contract entered into must not amount to a sale by the creditor to the promiser of the security for a debt or of the debt itselfSee de Colyar's Law of Guarantees and of Principal and Surety, 3rd ed. pp.
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Confusingly, one of the first railway companies to use his axle-box design widely was the London and South Western Railway where the Locomotive Superintendent, the creator of the Adams Bogie, was also named William Adams. By further coincidence he too had formerly operated a locomotive works in Bow, but this was not a private concern but the depot of the North London Railway. In 1865 the Society of Engineers, London, made direct comparison between the bogie with the india-rubber lateral bearing of William Adams and the radial axle box of William Bridges Adams: during trials on the North London Railway the laterally sprung bogie was thought superior to the radial axle, but when William Adams moved to the LSWR he adopted the axle box designed by his rival Bridges Adams. The locomotives now known as Adams Radials are named after the Locomotive Superintendent, but they are famous for the axle invented by William Bridges Adams.
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In a few exceptionally unhealthy trades, such as the manufacture of lucifer matches, vulcanization of india-rubber by means of carbcn bi-sulphide, the age of exclusion from employment has been raised, and in the last-named process hours have been reduced to 5, broken into two spells of 21. hours each. As a rule the conditions of health and safeguarding of employments in exceptionally injurious trades have been sought by a series of decrees under the law of 1863 relating to public health in such industries. Special regulations for safety of workers have been introduced in manufactures of white-lead, oxides of lead, chromate of lead, lucifer match works, rag and shoddy works; and for dangers common to many industries, provisions against dust, poisons, accidents and other risks to health or limb have been codified in a decree of 1896. A royal decree of 31 March 1903 prohibits employment of persons under 16 years in fur- pulling and in carotting of rabbit skins, and another of 13 May 1905 regulates use of lead in house-painting.
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In accordance with the All England Regulations for the Management of Prize Meetings, the draw for the 22 entrants was made on Saturday, 7 July 1877, at 3:30p.m. in the club's pavilion. H.T. Gillson had the distinction of being the first player in the history of modern tennis to be drawn for a tournament. The posts, nets and hand-stitched, flannel-covered India-rubber balls for the tournament were supplied by Jefferies & Co from Woolwich, while the rackets used were an adaptation of those used in real tennis, with a small and slightly lopsided head. The ball-boys kept the tennis balls, 180 of which were used during the tournament, in canvas wells. The umpires who were provided for the matches sat on chairs which in turn were placed on small tables of 18 inches height to give them a better view of the court. 1877 Wimbledon Championship draw The tournament began on Monday, 9 July 1877, at 3:30p.m. and daily programmes were available for sixpence.
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The third approach followed a similar design to the first, which was conceptually more faithful to the natural design of the human vocal tract than the second. It consisted, like before, of a bellows, a reed and a simulated mouth (this time made of India rubber, for better creation of vowel sounds via manipulation by hand), but also included a "throat" to which a "nasal cavity" was attached (complete with two "nostrils" for pronouncing nasal consonants), as well as several levers and tubes dedicated to pronouncing /s/ and /ʃ/, a rod that would interfere with the reeds vibration to articulate /r/, and separate, smaller bellows that would allow air to pass the reed while the mouth was completely closed (a feature required for pronouncing /b/). At one point, a special valve intended to simulate /f/ was included, but was later removed when it was revealed that the same sound could be achieved by simply closing all of the orifices of the machine and allowing air to leak from the cracks. Similarly, at one point in the design, there was an alternate "mouth" assembly consisting of a wooden box with a pair of hinged shutters that acted as lips.
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Burke's Peerage, vol. 1 (2003), p. 1497. The great-grandson of the seventh Earl of Glasgow, Patrick Boyle had been an aide-de-camp to the Governor-General of Canada between 1935 and 1937, but was killed in action during the Second World War; in 1948 his widow married Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Murray Floyd, OBE, FLS, FRICS (1905–1971), the chairman of Avon India Rubber and George Spencer Moulton Ltd (1955–68) and the son of Captain Sir Henry Robert Peel Floyd, 4th Baronet.Burke's Peerage, vol. 1 (2003), p. 1475. Simon Boyle was educated at Eton College, and then worked for Stewarts & Lloyds in Australia and the United Kingdom from 1959 to 1965. He joined Avon Rubber Company in 1966, but left to work for British Steel in 1970, remaining with them (largely at Llanwern, Gwent) until his retirement in 2001. In 1993, he was High Sheriff of Gwent, and he was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant for Gwent in 1997, before becoming the county's Lord Lieutenant in 2001 (serving until 2016); he was also appointed Justice of the Peace and a Companion of the Order of St John in 2002.
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Vrooman was born in Allegany County, New York, on 15 August 1818.. He and his wife Elizabeth Clemens (1826–1854) went to Guangzhou (then known as "Canton") in March 1852, having been posted there by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.. Soon after their arrival, he wrote to Scientific American, with questions regarding the use of photographs in magic lanterns, the standard American methods of rice cleaning, and the use of india rubber in printing presses. Although Guangzhou had been opened to foreign trade by the 1842 Treaty of Nanjing ending the First Opium War, access to the walled cities of the Manchus and Chinese continued to be denied to foreigners, who were mostly kept to the mercantile ghetto of the Thirteen Factories on the southern shore of the western suburbs. Vrooman successfully made a highly accurate . map of the forbidden cities in 1855 by training one of his converts to pace the streets between major landmarks, marking a course by means of a compass and reference to the wall's major gates.. These measurements were then compared against Vrooman's own, based on the angles of the visible landmarks with the high points of the city's suburbs.
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Congo Free State concession companies, ABIR shown in dark red North was approached by King Leopold II of Belgium at a horse racing event to provide funds to establish a concession company to extract rubber from the Congo Free State.. North agreed and provided GBP£40,000 of the BEF250,000 initial investment to set up the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company (ABIR) at Antwerp on 6 August 1892... ABIR had exclusive rights to all forest products from the Maringa-Lopori basin for 30 years and had police powers within the limits of the concession to enforce the collection of rubber as a tax. The company was initially very successful but by 1898, two years after North's death, his heirs had sold his shares in the company.. The company later became infamous for human rights abuses of the inhabitants of its concession and fell into financial troubles.. Despite his varied investments across the world North's finances eventually dwindled, his decline was accelerated by the Chilean Civil War. By the time he died on 5 May 1896 his business empire had collapsed. His death occurred within half an hour of eating some oysters and the shells were sent for analysis but it was suspected that heart problems were the cause of death.
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Frontispiece of The Rubber Tree Book, published 1913, Maclaren and Sons, London William Frederick de Bois Maclaren was born on 17 November 1856, in Blythswood, Glasgow in Scotland, as the son of Walter Gray McLaren (Master Printer, sometimes misspelt as painter) and Caroline Amelia De Bois, from France. He had an elder sister Margaret Ann Aitken McLaren (born 25 April 1855), and younger brothers Walter Gray (born 14 April 1858, attended Glasgow University, ordained 1885 in New Zealand where he lived until 1903, died 1916 in Glasgow), Charles (born 19 November 1859) and John (born 28 June 1861). By the beginning of the 20th century, Maclaren and Frank Copeman were sole partners of Maclaren & Sons Ltd, 37–38 Shoe Lane, London, in the Fleet Street neighbourhood, who were publishers or publishers' agents of industrial books and magazines, such as The Brick and Pottery Trades Journal, and Ceylon Observer, and publishers of household titles, under the name of The British Baker, such as All About Pastries. One of their periodicals was the India Rubber Journal, the leading publication for the flourishing rubber industry in the beginning of the 20th century, with Sir Herbert Wright as editor for the period 1907–1917.
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