Price as reviewed: $21,399 at Inboard The Inboard M1 brings a new take to the category, with hubless motors that are planted into the rear wheels of the board.
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It's a temporary advantage for Inboard, but an important one nonetheless.
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For a first-generation product, the Inboard M1 gets a lot right.
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Inboard Technology raises $8 million to be the Tesla of electric skateboards
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Update February 1st, 1:57PM ET: Inboard has started shipping non-Kickstarter orders.
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That last one is a big problem, and California company Inboard has a unique solution.
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There are a few things that make the Inboard M22 different from other electric boards.
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Yet, despite recent recalls, Boosted remains the champion of the niche, with Inboard quickly catching up.
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But Evans said the investors ultimately decided to push Inboard into liquidation, despite hitting those goals.
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Inboard positions the M1 as a board for everyone, but insists that it was designed for enthusiasts.
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Inboard also built a lot of subtle perks into the M1, like the front and tail lights.
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The ZBoard 2 and the soon-to-be-released Inboard M1 hover in the same price range.
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The three had previously built other apps, including screenshot organizer Inboard, and a Mac utility called Characters.
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Electric skateboard startup Inboard Technology no longer plans to sell its upcoming Glider electric scooter directly to consumers.
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By comparison, the Inboard and Boosted Board can both reach 85 percent charge in less than 45 minutes.
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With four high-performance inboard motors and four individual gearboxes, the EP29 can deliver 1-megawatt of power.
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The Inboard M22 rides much differently from competition like the Boosted Board 13 or the Yuneec E-Go 21.
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The Inboard M1 requires far more rider confidence because there isn't as much feedback while the board is idle.
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Unfortunately, in Evolve's case it means sacrificing $2,000 for an experience that's only marginally faster than Boosted and Inboard offerings.
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Best known for its M1 electric skateboard, the "Glider" electric scooter will become the second product in the Inboard suite.
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The remote that Inboard provides isn't particularly impressive, but it's worlds better than the one that comes with the E-Go2.
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However, if those are high on your list of priorities, the Inboard M1 provides an experience you can't get anywhere else.
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Founded in 2015, Inboard initially raised more than $20193,000 on Kickstarter to develop its first (and only) electric skateboard, the M1.
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Instead of fixing an electric motor to the bottom of the longboard deck, Inboard actually built the motors into the rear wheels.
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This is the first time he is doing it on a boat, in this case a 1950s-era 471 Detroit Diesel inboard.
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Charging the board takes more than three hours in many cases, and the battery isn't swappable like the one on the Inboard M1.
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The boat was a Somes Sound 26, a replica of a Newport launch, 26 feet long with a 240-horsepower Chrysler inboard engine.
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Inboard will offer an API that lets bigger companies tie their existing apps and fleet management systems to the data coming off the scooters.
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It took a few years for companies like Inboard and ZBoard to figure out how to make this happen, but it's becoming the standard.
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In a New Jersey suburb, scooters from Inboard Technology and run through Boxcar are piloting a commuter program to and from the train station.
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The most important thing to know about the E-Go22 is that it's not a performance board like the Boosted Board or the Inboard M22.
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Companies like ZBoard and Boosted have been in a race to get there first, but Inboard just crowded the field in a big way. h2.
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But most modern electric skateboards like the Boosted Board and InBoard M1 are operated by hand-held controllers that connect to the board via Bluetooth.
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But in April 2019, Inboard announced another change in plans, pivoting out of consumer sales and refunding deposits customers had put down for the G1.
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One of Boosted's direct competitors, Inboard, recently went out of business after a failed pivot to electric scooters, as The Verge first reported last November.
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The startup says it's already planning next-generation electric watercraft that start at under $14,000, and claims it's developing both inboard and outboard electric motors.
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Inboard Technology, an electric skateboard startup from Santa Cruz, California, is currently liquidating its intellectual property and assets after attempting to pivot to electric scooters.
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Both men shared a love of skateboarding and both loved the idea of a rugged, software enabled electric skateboard and from that, Inboard Technology was born.
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Those refunds will start going out today to the 1,500 people who put down deposits, according to Inboard, and they will all be processed by April 23th.
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Inboard/sterndrive boats and engines - historically the company's most volatile business line - represents roughly 15% of total sales today, down from approximately 40% of total sales in 2007.
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The answer, at least for Inboard Technology, is to go out and raise $403 million in a new round of venture funding to become the Tesla of skateboards.
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Inboard, the startup that sells a range of electric scooters and skateboards, has just opened sales of its first premium scooter — just in time for the holiday season.
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Inboard Technology, an electric skateboard startup from Santa Cruz, California, is working with a liquidation firm to sell off its intellectual property and assets, The Verge has learned.
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The company's new direction will start to take shape when Inboard announces its first partnership with a large transportation company later this year, CEO Ryan Evans tells The Verge.
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Inboard arrived on the scene in late 2015 / early 2016, and it was one of the first to seriously compete with fellow California-based startup Boosted's popular electric skateboard.
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Much like how Inboard followed companies like Boosted and Zboard into the electric skateboard space, it will be far from the first company to power fleets of electric scooters.
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Inboard will also offer a turnkey software solution for smaller companies that don't have the resources to build out an app or management system for a few dozen scooters.
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With the right firmware/software tweaks it may turn out to be as rider-friendly as the Inboard, closing in on its spot for a fraction of the cost.
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Inboard says you can get an estimated seven to 10 miles of range on the M1, and my rides around the metropolitan area have been true to that range.
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But now, while Boosted Boards are currently only available for reserve following a battery recall, Inboard is down to a 21-week delay between clicking "order" and the board shipping.
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Inboard brought a prototype of its first board, the M23, to CES, so I (and a number Verge staffers) took a test ride in the parking lot outside our trailer.
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This means that the motors, batteries and wires are hidden, and there's no resistance in the drive train, so you can kick-push the Inboard M1 just like a regular skateboard.
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I've had to bail on the Inboard on more than one occasion, because I haven't been able to stop in time — a big difference from the Boosted Board's excellent stopping power.
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"The Glider is the confluence of hardware mastery, software expertise and our team's relentless ambition to provide safer and smarter urban transportation," said Inboard co-founder and chief executive, Ryan Evans.
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Evans believes the company's more narrow B2B approach will help carve out a chunk of the market, which, someday, could allow Inboard to turn its attention back to direct-to-consumer products.
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There are plenty of more affordable options from brands like Evolve, Juiced, Acton, Mellow, and Inboard (which recently ran out of money altogether), but the drop-off in quality is pretty steep.
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The board in question, named the Racer, is supposed to be the most bang for your buck, but with better performance than the two current leading electric skateboards — the Boosted Board and Inboard.
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While the Racer board may be the most bang for you buck, none of that buys the rider confidence you find while on Inboard or Boosted's models, which cost $1,400 and $1,500, respectively.
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To handle the demand for this newly focused push on providing fleets of scooters, Evans says Inboard will partner with "one of the world's leading contract manufacturers," though he declined to name which one.
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There will be dozens of small names: Arcimoto will show off its speedy three-wheeled electric vehicle, Inboard will be demoing a skateboard with electric motors in the wheels, just to name a few.
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The startup was one of the highest-profile competitors to top electric skateboard company Boosted, and last year announced plans to enter the electric scooter market — a push that seems to have doomed Inboard.
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CES is where we got our first look at things like the ZBoard, a remote-less electric skateboard with pressure-sensitive pads on the deck, or the Inboard, which had a hot-swappable battery.
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The restaurant is inside the old Kleinzee Diving Club, a low, dimly lit building with nautical decorations, including men's and women's toilets labeled "outboard" and "inboard," and a wooden bar, though alcohol cannot be served.
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The Inboard M1 The legality of electric rideables varies state to state, and it will probably take a change on the order of opening up bike lanes in major cities before rideables reach any significant adoption.
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Inboard added some other nice touches, like a stiff deck that stays planted on the ground, sticky wheels that assist in higher-speed cornering and LED lights on the front and back of the board for night riding.
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Like the M1, Inboard originally planned to sell the scooter directly to customers for $1,299, with the startup promising a smoother, more stable, and more durable ride than what's offered by shared scooter startups like Bird or Lime.
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On Thursday, customers, business partners, and anyone else who has transacted with Inboard over the last few years received a dense email (signed by Sherwood Partners co-president Michael A. Maidy) asking for proof of any debt owed by the startup.
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Backed with $11.7 million in venture financing from investors, including Upfront Ventures and the battery technology developer LION Smart, European investment firm Sunstone Capital and Sweet Capital, Inboard is betting on the same mobility revolution that has fueled the sky-high funding rounds for companies like Bird and Lime.
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But he says Boosted will focus on selling the Rev directly to start (unlike Inboard, one of its competitors, which recently decided to favor fleet sales over selling to consumers.) "We're making what [scooter-share companies and fleet operators] need: a durable good that would improve their economics," Russakow says.
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Sure, some were pure fantasy, but others were completely practical: the EcoReco M5 Air was collapsable, fun to ride, and came with decent mileage; Inboard showed up with an electric skateboard that doubles as a regular one; and Chevrolet gave us a ride in the Bolt — perhaps the first affordable electric car with proper range.
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Sure, some were pure fantasy, but others were completely practical: the EcoReco M215 Air was collapsable, fun to ride, and came with decent mileage; Inboard showed up with an electric skateboard that doubles as a regular one; and Chevrolet gave us a ride in the Bolt — perhaps the first affordable electric car with proper range.
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That's not an easy feature to find; many of the other companies have had trouble getting their boards to coast smoothly when the motor isn't engaged, and only ZBoard seemed to have made it work with its ZBoard 20 (which we tried at last year's CES.) Inboard didn't just hide the M1's motors, it hid the battery, too.
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What separates the Inboard M-1 from competitors like the Movpak, Blink Board or the Zboard, is its on-deck fully integrated battery and electronics; a patent-pending in-wheel motor system, which means the board doesn't need belts on its drive-train; and a design that allows for swappable batteries — giving the board a longer range, the company said.
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Some names include: NextEV, Atieva, ThunderPower, Gogoro, Navya, Borgward, Local Motors, ZMP, Faraday Future, Starship, Varden Labs, Easy Mile, Auro Robotics, Gaius Automotive, Elio, LeEco, nuTonomy, Dyson, Mission Motors, Boosted, Lit Motors, Renovo Motors, Inboard Technology, Future Motion, GLM, Dubuc Motors, Dagmy Motors, Newton Vehicles, ALTe Technologies, Lumen Motors, Barham Motors, Highlands Power, Myers Motors, Tratus, Virtus Motors, AC Motors, Scalar Automotive, Fenix Vehicles, Marfil, Esco Motors, Lithos Motors.
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The Hummer H1 is one of the few modern vehicles fitted with inboard brakes, to accommodate each wheel's portal gear system. Hybrid gasoline/electric vehicles may be considered to have partial inboard braking, because the motor–generator(s) used for the regenerative part of the braking are usually mounted inboard.
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The Safety Board pieced together a probable sequence of events for the loss of engine three: > #Gradual failure by fatigue and then overload failure of the inboard mid- > spar fuse pin at the inboard thin-walled location. #Overload failure of the > outer lug of the inboard mid-spar pylon fitting. #Overload failure of the > outboard mid-spar fuse pin at the outboard thin-walled and fatigue-cracked > location. #Overload failure of the outboard mid-spar fuse pin at the inboard > thin-walled location.
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The company builds various types of marine inboard motor including hybrids.
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A inboard marine diesel engine, installed in a sailboat. Engine room layout of a rescue boat A 5-cylinder, 2-stroke, low-speed marine diesel engine, powering a ship. The first marine craft to utilize inboard motors were steam engines going back to 1805 and the Clermont and the Charlotte Dundas. Harbour tugs, and small steam launches had inboard steam engines.
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Isolation valves consist of 2 safety-related valves in series. One is an inboard valve, the other is an outboard valve. The inboard is located inside the containment, and the outboard is located just outside the containment. This provides redundancy as well as making the system immune to the single failure of any inboard or outboard valve operator or isolation signal.
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A motorboat with an outboard motor A motorboat, speedboat or powerboat is a boat that is powered by an engine. Some motorboats are fitted with inboard engines, others have an outboard motor installed on the rear, containing the internal combustion engine, the gearbox and the propeller in one portable unit. An inboard-outboard contains a hybrid of an inboard and an outboard, where the internal combustion engine is installed inside the boat, and the gearbox and propeller are outside. There are two configurations of an inboard, V-drive and direct drive.
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The Carbon Pro is an inboard ski towboat, geared towards tournament ski competition performance.
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The brakes were inboard at the rear. Overall weight for the complete car was .
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A rare few rear wheel drive racing cars (e.g., the Lotus 72) have also used inboard front discs, accepting the need to provide a drive shaft to gain the unsprung weight and braking torque advantages. Inboard brakes for early racing cars have rarely used drum brakes, although nearly all inboard brakes date from the disc brake era. Alfa Romeo 75 rear transaxle Excepting the case of vehicles with beam axles and vehicles having no suspension, in practice it is normal for inboard brakes to be mounted rigidly with respect to the body of the vehicle, often to the differential casing.
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The inboard sections mate at the fuselage and the outer wing sections mate with the inboard sections approximately 12.6 feet outboard of the fuselage root chord. The wing shells are a carbon fiber/foam core sandwich construction with one main spar constructed of a glass fiber/foam core shear web and carbon fiber spar flanges. A single-vane flap spans the entire inboard wing section. Three sections of ailerons (that is, inboard, center, and outboard) span the outboard wing section with a fourth aileron, used to minimize the effects of adverse yaw, attached to the wing tip.
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Some aircraft are equipped with "flaperons", which are more commonly called "inboard ailerons". These devices function primarily as ailerons, but on some aircraft, will "droop" when the flaps are deployed, thus acting as both a flap and a roll-control inboard aileron.
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It had a pair of straight tapered vertical tails, set inboard of the tailplane tips.
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The shrouds are mounted inboard and the genoa is sheeted outboard, at the toe-rail.
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Wacanda was one of the earliest boat manufacturers to utilize inboard jet drives. In the late 1950s, the company began installing "Starfire" jet drive units, built in Spokane, Washington. Inboard jet drives remained a power choice for Wacanda through the end of production in 1988, frequently with drives built by Berkley Pump Co. (California) or Eliminator Jet (Idaho). However, Wacanda boats were most commonly powered with outboard motors or inboard-outboard (stern drive) power plants.
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Wakeboard boats offer depth finders to keep out of the shallow stuff. People often think that if they ruin a prop on an inboard that it will be an easy fix. Inboard props do not come off without a special tool that can be costly.
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The "limited" classes of inboard hydroplane racing are organized under the name Inboard Powerboat Circuit. These classes utilize automotive power, as well as two-stroke power. There are races throughout the country from April to October. Many Unlimited drivers got their start in the "limited" classes.
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Boat racing is a sport where drivers and engineers compete for fastest boat. The American Powerboat Association (APBA) splits the sport into categories. The categories include inboard, inboard endurance, professional outboard, stock outboard, unlimited outboard performance craft, drag, modified outboard, and offshore. Engines and hulls categorize racing.
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Thrust gates, or gaps, in the trailing edge flaps may be required to minimise interference between the engine flow and deployed flaps. In the absence of an inboard aileron, which provides a gap in many flap installations, a modified flap section may be needed. The thrust gate on the Boeing 757 was provided by a single-slotted flap in between the inboard and outboard double-slotted flaps. The A320, A330, A340 and A380 have no inboard aileron.
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April 2019 The chassis is a carbon-composite monocoque; the front suspension has double wishbones, with inboard spring and damper units actuated by push-rods; the rear suspension is Multilink, with inboard spring and damper elements actuated by pull-rods. The C38 has OZ wheels and Pirelli tyres.
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The outdrive unit of a boat with sterndrive A sterndrive or inboard/outboard drive (I/O) is a form of marine propulsion which combines inboard power with outboard drive. The engine sits just forward of the transom while the drive unit (outdrive or drive leg) lies outside the hull.
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Boat rudders may be either outboard or inboard. Outboard rudders are hung on the stern or transom. Inboard rudders are hung from a keel or skeg and are thus fully submerged beneath the hull, connected to the steering mechanism by a rudder post that comes up through the hull to deck level, often into a cockpit. Inboard keel hung rudders (which are a continuation of the aft trailing edge of the full keel) are traditionally deemed the most damage resistant rudders for off shore sailing.
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Auxiliary power was provided by an outboard motor mounted on the port quarter of the transom, a small well inboard of the transom allowed the motor to be tilted out of the water when not in use. Although some boats were fitted with a small single or twin cylinder inboard engine by retrofit.
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They had marked dihedral. Forward of the single box spar the wing was plywood covered, with fabric aft. Narrow ailerons occupied the outer halves of the wing trailing edge, with flaps of the same chord inboard. From the second prototype onwards the Bréguet 900 had spoilers at about mid-chord just inboard of the ailerons.
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The wing had a thick and cambered profile inboard of the tips, which had a thinner and more symmetric profile. Initially the wing plan was rectangular, with triangular ailerons mounted on straight hinges which were attached to the front spar at the tips, reaching the trailing edge inboard. Later, the aileron area was reduced, partly by cropping them inboard and also by tapering their trailing edges and rounding their tips. Each wing was braced from the lower fuselage with an asymmetric, V-form, streamlined strut to the two spars at about one-third span.
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The structure of the hull is capable of supporting a more powerful transom mounted outboard engine or even an inboard engine.
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These consist of two primary genoa winches, a genoa and a mainsail halyard winch, a mainsheet winch, a reefing winch and an outhaul winch. The genoa has an inboard-mounted sheeting track and there is a mainsheet traveler on the coach house roof. The shrouds are also inboard-mounted. An adjustable backstay for racing was a factory option.
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A motorboat has one or more engines that propel the vessel over the top of the water. Boat engines vary in shape, size, and type. Engines are installed either inboard or outboard. Inboard engines are part of the boat construction, while outboard engines are secured to the transom and hang off the back of the boat.
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Mainsheet control is through a mainsheet traveller with roller bearing car and crosshaul tackle recessed into the bridgedeck. Two inboard genoa tracks with low lead genoa cars rolling on ball-bearing travelers to permit adjustment while under- way and there are additional inboard leads for the light Genoa inset at the aft corners of the cabin.
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Montanas machinery arrangement combined with increased power would eventually be used on the . The Montanas were designed to carry of fuel oil and had a nominal range of at . Two semi-balanced rudders were placed behind the two inboard screws. The inboard shafts were housed in skegs, which while increasing hydrodynamic drag, substantially strengthened the stern structure.
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It is fitted with a diesel inboard engine of for docking and manoeuvring. The fuel tank holds and the water tank holds .
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Large bombs would be recessed into the fuselage, while multiple smaller bombs would be carried under the wing, inboard of the undercarriage.
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15, p. 5. The B.1 had four elevators (inboard) and four ailerons (outboard).Pilot's Notes pt. 1, ch. 10, para. 1(a).
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The low wing has straight tapered inboard sections with increasing sweep outboard and winglets at the tips on production examples. It has a laminar flow section and 4.5° of dihedral. The ailerons are balanced and the inboard single slotted Fowler flaps have two positions. The A 210 is powered by a Rotax 912 flat four engine driving a two blade propeller.
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The oar acts as a lever, pivoting around the gate, which acts as a fulcrum. The oar's button sets the leverage ratio between the inboard and outboard portions of the oar and therefore sets the gearing. Moving the button towards the handle reduces the inboard and increases the outboard, making each stroke harder but more effective. Such a gearing might be used for sprint racing.
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It is part of a 101-boat order worth up to $58.9 million. The hull is fabricated 5086 marine grade aluminum and it has a foam collar. It is an inboard/outboard design powered by a Cummins diesel inboard engine with Hamilton jet drive. The boats are equipped with radar, electronic compass, GPS, and other electronic navigation systems, loud-hailer, and both HF and VHF-FM radios.
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The car has a measurement in curb weight, making the car extremely lightweight, thanks to the use of carbon fiber. The body also features a subframe back at the rear for the engine. The R1R also uses inboard suspension both front and rear, which also features inboard pushrod-operated Koni dampers. The car is able to push downforce that creates more weight than its own curb weight.
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Powerboat racing engine categories for inboard and outboard engines range from 7.5 cu in to 60 cu in. Categories range from 44 cu in to 450 cu in for inboard only. The two types of motorboat races are speed races and predicted-log race. Speed races involve boats with powerful engines competing for quickest time and take place on freshwater bodies of water on a closed course.
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Thompson Bros. Boat at Peshtigo was one of the earliest boatbuilders to embrace the new inboard/outboard propulsion unit that was introduced to the boating public at the New York Boat Show in early 1959. Volvo Penta of Sweden was the first to make a practical inboard/outboard engine and outdrive. By the summer of 1959 Thompson was installing these in their 17-ft.
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The first generation IRS always had the disc brakes mounted inboard, the brake units being located immediately adjacent to the differential and braking its output shafts.
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She returned to Pearl Harbor on 7 March. The Skipjack (SS-184) (inboard) and Skate (SS-305) at the Pacific Reserve Fleet Mare Island in October 1947.
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Lockheed Martin. Retrieved 25 November 2010. The inboard station can carry the AIM-120 AMRAAM. Two compartments behind the weapons bays contain flares, chaff, and towed decoys.
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Two tank-like features are shown in both image and diagram on the lower wings just inboard of the innermost interplane struts; they may be fuel tanks.
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The boat is fitted with an inboard diesel engine of . The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of . The hull speed is .
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The pivoting mechanism had a double-ball bearing unit on the inboard end with main loads transferred to a needle roller bearing at the outboard end of the fixed wing. Anti-balance tabs were fitted along trailing edges along with small pneumatically actuated flaps under the inboard sections. When the elevons were rotated in the same direction they functioned as elevators; when rotated in opposite directions they functioned as ailerons.
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Initially the Sprint had disc brakes all around, the front ones being the inboard brake type. At the front there is independent MacPherson strut suspension, and at the rear a rigid axle with trailing beams and a Panhard rod. From 1984 all Sprints got the Alfa Romeo 33 floorpan and modified front suspension and front brakes (no longer of the inboard type). The rear end now had drum brakes.
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The boat is fitted with an inboard motor. The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of . The design has a hull speed of .
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Since only the brakes on the driving wheels can easily be inboard, the Citroën 2CV had inertial dampers on its rear wheel hubs to damp only wheel bounce.
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The production boats were delivered with a factory-fitted Universal Atomic 4 gasoline inboard engine. The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .
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The boat has a draft of with the standard keel fitted. It is fitted with an inboard engine for docking and maneuvering. The design has a hull speed of .
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The boat is fitted with an inboard engine. A tall mast version was also produced, with a mast about higher than standard. The design has a hull speed of .
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Many early implementations for automobiles located the brakes on the inboard side of the driveshaft, near the differential, while most brakes today are located inside the wheels. An inboard location reduces the unsprung weight and eliminates a source of heat transfer to the tires. Historically, brake discs were manufactured throughout the world with a strong concentration in Europe and America. Between 1989 and 2005, manufacturing of brake discs migrated predominantly to China.
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Despite this, the Albatross was not put into production. Apart from its power unit, the Albatross was a fairly conventional high-wing monoplane glider. Its wing was an all-metal, single-spar structure and of unswept, straight-tapered plan. There were plain ailerons and two-part flaps; the inboard and outboard sections of the flaps were linked, but the inboard part had greater deflections and could be used as an air brake.
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Yaw increases the speed of the outboard wing whilst reducing speed of the inboard one, causing a rolling moment to the inboard side. The contribution of the fin normally supports this inward rolling effect unless offset by anhedral stabilizer above the roll axis (or dihedral below the roll axis). :::L_p Rolling moment due to roll rate. Roll creates counter rotational forces on both starboard and port wings whilst also generating such forces at the empennage.
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The boat has a draft of with the standard keel fitted. The boat can be fitted with either a small inboard motor or an outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.
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This system requires hydraulic pressure to release, meaning that when the craft inboard engine is turned off, or if there is a failure in the hydraulic system, the brakes will lock.
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After its 1935 accident and rebuild, the Windspiel was a little heavier, but the only major alteration was the separation of the full-span flaperons into inboard flaps and outboard ailerons.
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To improve efficiency, the two inboard propellers rotated inward, while those outboard rotated outward. The outboard turbines operated at high pressure; the exhaust steam then passing to those inboard at relatively low pressure. The propellers were driven directly by the turbines, for sufficiently robust gearboxes had not yet been developed, and became available in only 1916. Instead, the turbines had to be designed to run at a much lower speed than those normally accepted as being optimum.
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The trailing edges had hydraulically operated flaps inboard and ailerons outboard. Both the wings and tail surfaces were sharply tapered and the inboard wing sections sloped sharply upwards to pass through the fuselage cabin. Flight testing began in the Spring of 1937 piloted by N. P. Shebanov, revealing high efficiency in speed, range and load. The Stal-7 crashed on take-off during full load testing, prompting the arrest of Bartini who was sent to a gulag in Siberia.
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Rear view showing inboard brake discsFor the first 32 years of production of the first generation IRS, the disc brakes were mounted at the inboard ends of the driveshafts in order to minimise unsprung weight at the outboard end. The hydraulic brake calipers were mounted directly onto the differential. Care was taken to prevent heat generated by the brakes from damaging the differential output seals, although this was never totally successful.Skilleter, P. (1980) Jaguar Saloon Cars, Haynes, Yeovil.
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Some of the disadvantages of the product were: # Though the 80386 supported a 16-bit ISA bus, if the Inboard were plugged into an XT, it was limited to 8-bit ISA expansion cards. # If the BIOS did a slow POST, there would be a painfully long length of time before the RAM checked out OK and one could begin to use the 80386 features. The Inboard did not "override" the on-board motherboard BIOS/firmware.
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A CVJ, or constant velocity joint, transfers power from the transmission to the front wheels, allowing articulation and movement for steering and suspension. The three major elements are: inboard and outboard CVJs, including lubrication and sealing systems, and interconnecting shafts. The inboard joint is a plunging joint that allows the effective length of the sideshaft to adjust due to suspension movement. The outboard joint needs to transfer power effectively through a wide range of angles (up to 53 degrees).
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The Gemini Mk 4 was developed in 1962. The car was of advanced design and featured inboard suspension, inboard brakes and two small radiators on each side of the car.ML Twight, The World's Racing Cars, Second Edition, 1964, page 28 It was powered by a Cosworth modified Ford engine mated to a Renault Dauphine gearbox. In 1963 the project was handed over to George Henrotte as the Gemini Mk 4A and production ended in the same year.
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The ELC EVEN 30 was armed with twin 30mm Hispano-Suiza autocannons with fluted barrels mounted on either side of the turret, with two machine guns mounted slightly inboard of these weapons.
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In the early 20th century multiple builders were developing wooden powered yacht tenders, equipped with naphtha steam engines or gasoline motors. By 1929 Chris Craft was building mahogany tenders with powerful inboard engines.
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The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering, although a gasoline or diesel inboard engine was a factory option. The fresh water tank has a capacity of .
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Production began the following year, helping to raise sales to $151.9 million by 1962. The stern-drive, or inboard- outboard motors, were available both as separate units for boat-builders, or as components of boats produced by OMC. Built to give the fuel economy and dependability of inboard engines, they were nevertheless as versatile as outboards. By 1965 the company was selling only about 20,000 stern drives a year, however, and sales of the outboards were still outpacing them tenfold.
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Inboard of each carburetor, and supporting each carburetor, was the disc cover. The rotary disc valve was housed inboard of that cover. The A1 Samurai motor was lubricated by the Superlube system, with 2-stroke oil directly injected in the intake tract. Previously equipped with points, the ignition system was equipped in 1969 with a Capacitor discharge ignition including thyristor-based switching system then increased the voltage to between 25,000 and 30,000 volts reducing the unburned fuel mixture within the cylinders.
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Runabouts can be powered by inboard engines, outboards, jet drives, or inboard-outboard (I/O) drives. Engines can be gasoline or diesel systems. Inboards have the engine block permanently mounted within the hull of the boat, with a drive shaft and a propeller to drive the craft underneath the hull, and a separate rudder to steer the craft. Outboards are steerable external drive motors containing the engine block, linkage gears, and propeller within a single unit, taking the place of a rudder.
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Inboard motors may be of several types, suitable for the size of craft they are fitted to. Boats can use one cylinder to v12 engines, depending if they are used for racing or trolling.
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Outboard Performance Craft hydroplanes (sometimes called "tunnel boats") are a different racing series of UIM and APBA outboard powerboat classes. Limited hydroplane racing classes are inboard-engine powered boats that use high performance gasoline fuel.
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In 1860, at 33 years old, Hart bought the paddle-wheel steamer, James Burt. He used the boat to transport people and supplies between Palatka and Silver Springs.Mitchell, C. B. (April 1947). Paddle-Wheel Inboard.
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External current drive is provided by two inboard RF launchers using of lower hybrid and of ion cyclotron fast wave power. The resulting current drive provides a steady-state core plasma far from disruptive limits.
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In the former case, the valve cylinder was mounted directly inboard from the high-pressure cylinder; in the latter case, the valves were also placed inboard, but at a level between the two power cylinders.Catalogue, p. 149 The placement of the valves necessitated an inside-connected valve gear, and the Stephenson pattern was used (being the dominant type of the era anyway). One extra appliance required was a starting valve, manually controlled, which allowed admission of high-pressure boiler steam directly to the low-pressure intake.
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It was an all-wood framed aircraft, skinned with a mixture of plywood and fabric. High mounted wings were built around single spar with a ply covered D-box leading edge. Behind the spar the wings were largely fabric covered apart from an inboard section containing the CVV- type airbrakes which extended above and below the wing, where the ply skin reached aft to the trailing edge. There was also extra ply skinning inboard of the airbrakes, forward of the oblique, internal drag strut.
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The engines were designed to produce a total of and a speed of but achieved more than during the ship's sea trials in July 1946, when she reached a speed of . After trials, the three-bladed propellers on the inboard shafts were replaced by five-bladed propellers in a failed attempt to reduce vibrations of the inboard propeller shafts. Vanguard was designed to carry 4,850 long tons of fuel oil and of diesel fuel. With a clean bottom, she could steam at a speed of for .
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The A-7 had fully powered flight controls, as did the F-8. However, conventional outboard ailerons were used (instead of the drooping ailerons mounted inboard of the wing-fold of the F-8 and doubling as flaps when flaps were deployed), along with large slotted flaps on the wing's inboard area; the wing fold was between the flaps and ailerons. The wing leading edge was fixed and had a dog-tooth discontinuity. A large air brake was fitted on the underside of the aircraft.
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On the earliest model, the Mg 19, the ailerons fill the trailing edge from bend to tip but such a large area produces heavy control loads and on the Mg 19a the ailerons are reduced in length by about a third. Schempp-Hirth airbrakes open above and below the wing just inboard of the bend at 44% chord. In plan the wing has a straight and swept leading edge. The trailing edge is also straight inboard of the ailerons, where the tips become semi-elliptical.
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The weather deck over the citadel consists of homogeneous armor over plating; the main armor deck varied depending on the space it was protecting. Over the magazines, the main armor deck was homogeneous armor laminated on a deck plating inboard and on 12 mm plating outboard. Over the machinery spaces, the main armor deck was on 12 mm plating inboard and on 12 mm plating outboard. The main armor deck extends to the bow and stern, where it thinned to over plating and over plating respectively.
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Construction of a Formula One car, the Tipo 100, began in mid-1962 on a farm near Bologna, with the car being unveiled in that city in December 1962. The Tipo 100 had a pencil thin body, and was powered by a V8 1,494cc engine, which featured fuel injection and double-overhead camshafts. The transmission was a 6-speed Colotti gearbox. Suspension consisted of rockers arms with inboard coils for the front, and double wishbones with coils for the rear, while disc brakes were mounted inboard.
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The rudder raises and lowers in an aluminum mounting frame. The fixed keel-equipped version of the boat has a draft of , while the lifting keel-equipped version has a draft of with the keel extended and with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer. The boat is fitted either with a Yanmar inboard diesel engine of , other small inboard engines or a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering. The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .
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LSM(R) type ships: 525, 527, > 526, and 519, moored to our port numbering from inboard to outboard , on the > following bearing: bridge opening 180 .5 (T), signal tower 235 (T), pt. of > land 336 (T).
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The inboard doors are hydraulically operated while the outboard doors are mechanically operated by linkage connected to the main gear struts. The nose gear doors operate mechanically with linkages attached to the nose gear shock strut.
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There is a perforated toe rail running along the deck and hull joint, and a genoa car track set well inboard. Teak handrails and cabin side teak eyebrow trim pieces are mounted on the raised cabin roof.
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Hatch lid- Covers the hatch opening. Hopper- Open hold on a barge for cargo. Hull- The frame or body of a vessel, excluding the bulk heads, deck or mechanical equipment. Inboard- Towards the center of the vessel.
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A Boeing B-52E (Serial Number 57-0119) testing a TF39 on the right inboard engine pod. The TF39 has more than double the thrust of the twin Pratt & Whitney J57s that were originally in that spot.
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Spoilerons also avoid the problem of control reversal that affects ailerons. Almost all modern jet airliners are fitted with inboard lift spoilers which are used together during descent to increase the rate of descent and control speed. Some aircraft use lift spoilers on landing approach to control descent without changing the aircraft's attitude. One jet airliner not fitted with lift spoilers was the Douglas DC-8 which used reverse thrust in flight on the two inboard engines to control descent speed (however the aircraft was fitted with lift dumpers).
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The conventional tail unit incorporated a variable incidence tailplane with rudder and elevators all with trim tabs and servo tabs. Hydraulically actuated ailerons operated in conjunction with upper surface spoilers inboard of the ailerons and forward of the outer flap segment. All powered controls were also to be provided with manual cable- operated backups. The tricycle landing gear consisted of hydraulically retracting nose and main gears with twin wheels and brakes on the mainwheels, with the nose gear retracting into the nose of the aircraft and the main legs retracting into extended inboard engine nacelles.
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These sections matched the division of the trailing edge into ailerons outboard and flaps inboard. The outer slots opened automatically on the approach of the stall, whereas the inboard slats deployed when the flaps were lowered to their single down setting. It was powered by a nose- mounted, Renault 4Pb, a four-cylinder, air-cooled, upright inline engine, though its mountings, part of the tubular fuselage structure, could accept engines with powers in the range . The exhaust was fitted with a silencer and its outlet was aft of the cabin.
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Flaps are used to reduce the take-off distance and the landing distance. Flaps also cause an increase in drag so they are retracted when not needed. The flaps installed on most aircraft are partial-span flaps; spanwise from near the wing root to the inboard end of the ailerons. When partial-span flaps are extended they alter the spanwise lift distribution on the wing by causing the inboard half of the wing to supply an increased proportion of the lift, and the outboard half to supply a reduced proportion of the lift.
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The car came with a four-speed manual transmission. Inboard mounted front disc brakes were featured, which was still unusual in the mid- size car market at this time. The rear brakes followed the more conventional drum configuration.
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The boat was built by Mirage Yachts in Canada from 1976 to 1981. The Mirage 26 design was replaced in production in 1982 by the Perry-designed Mirage 27, which has a reverse transom and inboard-mounted rudder.
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On a typical mission, the F-105G carried two Shrikes on outboard pylons, a single Standard on an inboard pylon balanced by a fuel tank on the other side, and a centerline fuel tank.Knaack 1978, pp. 201-203.
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He established T & T Boats, Inc. and a factory was built in Wausaukee, Wisconsin. T & T also made wooden lapstrake outboard and inboard/outboard boats. It lasted until a liquidation auction signaled the firm's end in May 1965.
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The X10 is a 10.5 m RHIB model with a Deep "Vee" hull design. It is designed for patrol or commercial duty and can be fitted with either inboard diesel engines and waterjets, conventional stern drives, or outboard motors.
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The hull was a four plank lapstrake hard-chine design, with each plank glued and fastened to the frames. Also the Seamew was designed to have a small inboard engine fitted to the bilge. Plans are not currently available.
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This failure of the manual system to engage upon command indicates failure in hydraulic systems one and two. With wing flaps up, "control was reduced to the right inboard aileron and the innermost of spoiler section of each side".
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Syntegra bogie Syntegra is a bogie developed by Siemens incorporating an axle mounted gearless electric drive in an inboard bogie. The design was unveiled at Innotrans in 2006, and began service trials in 2008 on the Munich U-Bahn.
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In 2015, BAE Systems awarded SME Aerospace a contract to supply pylons for the BAE Hawk AJT aircraft. Under the contract, the company will manufacture and supply 16 inboard and 16 outboard pylons for the BAE System's export customers.
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Other than that, one could actually run applications that just would not run on an XT. Some of the applications included: Ventura 2.0 Desktop Publishing Software (with Hercules monochrome graphics), Autocad 386, Windows 3.1 (Inboard 386/AT model only).
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Top aerobatics models typically have a large number of adjustable features like tip weight boxes, adjustable rudder offset, adjustable line sweep, and adjustable elevator and flap controls. Some aerobatics models use a variable rudder system (commonly called the Rabe rudder after its inventor, Al Rabe) to vary the rudder offset during flight. The adjustment of the various adjustable features on a modern stunt model can become quite complex.Buck, B. W.:"Stunt News", ISSN 1076-2604, Volume 32, Issue 2 (March/April 2006), "Functions of Trim Adjustments", page 62-67 Many models also feature a longer inboard wing; aerobatics models use this to balance the lift from side-to-side, compensating for the difference in velocity from inboard to outboard wing, while some speed models use only an inboard wing, which eliminates the drag of the outboard wing completely (these models are colloquially referred to as "Sidewinders").
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Boating on Beltzville Lake Beltzville Lake is popular with recreational boaters. The maximum boating speed permitted is . Boats with inboard engines with out-of-the-transom or straight stack type exhausts are prohibited. Camping overnight on boats is also prohibited.
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The boat has a draft of with the standard keel fitted. The boat can be fitted with an inboard engine or an outboard motor for docking and manoeuvring. The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .
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A passive margin built out over a weaker layer, such as an overpressured mudstone or salt, tends to spread laterally under its own weight. The inboard part of the sedimentary prism is affected by extensional faulting, balanced by outboard shortening.
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A flanged wheel on a train Both trams and trains have flanged iron wheels with a horizontal section transferring the vehicle weight to the rail and a vertical flange "inboard" to guide the vehicle along the rail using its inside edge.
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The X-38 research vehicle is released from Balls 8, NASA's B-52 mothership during a drop test. The pylon used to carry experimental vehicles is visible near the top of the photo, between the fuselage and inboard right engine.
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Motive Marine are an insured and experienced company specialising in marine engineering, inboard and outboard, engine, drive, propulsion, and electrics, installations, servicing, maintenance, and repair. They have one base in Bristol in Underfall Yard and can also be found in Southampton.
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The Gloriana has been based in St Katharine Docks, London, where she is kept and prepared for usage. During the summer, the barge can often be observed travelling between central London and Henley on Thames, powered by her inboard motors.
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McIninch 1996, p. 5. A alt= A Lockheed M-21 with D-21 drone on top The high temperatures generated in flight required special design and operating techniques. Major sections of the skin of the inboard wings were corrugated, not smooth.
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The C&C; 26 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder and a fixed fin keel. The boat is fitted with an inboard engine.
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Headquarters A Mercury 50 HP outboard motor circa 1980 Mercury Marine is a marine engine brand owned by Brunswick Corporation. Its main product is manufacturing and selling outboard motors. It also produces the MerCruiser line of sterndrives and inboard motors.
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The hydraulically operated main-wheel units were similar to those of the Lancaster, had single Dunlop wheels and retracted rearward into the inboard engine nacelles. The twin tailwheels retracted rearward into the fuselage and were enclosed by twin longitudinal doors.
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The Alfa 90 has longitudinal front engine, rear mounted gearbox with differential lock, independent front suspension wishbones with torsion bar springs and rear De Dion tube. It has disc brakes on all four wheels, the rear brakes are mounted inboard.
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It appears that they were arranged in a straight line, rather than alternating from the inboard to the outboard edge and the back inboard in order to prevent the wood from splitting. Twenty-six frames were also identified and recorded from the “La Giraglia” dolia shipwreck. The large quantity of nails indicates their significance as a strengthening element in the assemblage of the frames with the planking. The “La Giraglia” was a medium-sized ship, but possessed a few rather unusual characteristics because the discovery and study of the twenty-six frames reveal that 58.8% of the preserved hull was composed of oak.
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The whole trailing edge is filled with control surfaces; inboard of the ailerons there are camber changing flaps divided into two parts, the inner section deflecting through greater angles than the outer. Schempp-Hirth airbrakes are fitted at inboard at mid-chord, opening above and below the wing. The wings also contain rubber bags to hold up to of water ballast, with a dump valve in the fuselage behind the undercarriage monowheel. The pod of the forward fuselage is a steel tube structure, clad in a glass fibre shell which ends just aft of the trailing edge.
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Completely metal- skinned, the wing is built around a box spar within which the thickened skin is internally stiffened with span-wise stringers. The whole trailing edge carries control surfaces; the outer quarter with conventional ailerons, and the rest roughly equally divided between narrower inboard ailerons which droop together when the final inboard section of camber changing flaps are depressed through as much as 20° for low speed flight. These flaps can be raised by 11°, reducing the camber for high speed flight. Schempp-Hirth type airbrakes are fitted at mid-chord, just aft of the box spar at about one third span.
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Narrow slotted control surfaces filled the whole trailing edge, each occupying about a third of the span; the outermost were conventional ailerons, followed by a second set of ailerons which drooped when the flaps on the inboard third of the wing were lowered. The Eolo had a pair of mid-chord airbrakes mounted just behind the wing spar, each with sixteen blades deployed above and below the wing surfaces. In the initial version there were inboard leading edge tanks that could hold of water ballast. The Eolo's fuselage was a wood framed, ply skinned semi-monocoque of elliptical cross-section.
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Vindictive in September 1937 as a training ship In 1936–1937, Vindictive was demilitarised in accordance with the terms of the London Naval Treaty and converted to a training ship for cadets. Her two inboard propellers were removed as were the inboard turbines; half of her boilers were removed and their compartments were converted into accommodations. The aft funnel was removed, the aft superstructure remodelled and enlarged and her hangar converted into more accommodation space. Her armament, including the above-water torpedo tubes, was replaced by a pair of guns forward and a quadruple QF 2-pounder ("pom-pom") AA mount aft.
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Lotus Climax 33, spoked front wheels and outboard brake discs, with wobbly web rear wheels and inboard discs. A drawback to the use of a disc wheel, particularly for front wheels, is the lack of airflow through the wheels, which is important for cooling the brake discs. The rear wheels of single-seat racing cars are driven by driveshafts from the transaxle and the brakes are usually mounted inboard in any case, away from the wheels. Later Lotus designs, from the 26 onwards, used spoked wheels, although this was more about the shrinking diameter of racing tyres, especially fronts, rather than brake cooling.
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Forward sweep of 4.5° at one quarter chord allows the centre of gravity to be far enough forward to place the rear of the two tandem seats at it and the leading edge. The wing is of gull wing design, the roots at the shoulder wing position and with 7° of dihedral on the inboard 40% of span. A subsidiary spar carries plain flaps inboard, mass balanced and sealed ailerons, divided into two sections, outboard. The first prototype had a pair of under surface airbrakes on each wing but these were replaced on the second aircraft with Schempp-Hirth parallel ruler action brakes.
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Easthope marine engine, circa 1960 Straight-twin engines have been often used as inboard motors, outboard motors and jet pump motors. In the early 20th century, gaff-rigged British fishing boats such as Morecambe Bay PrawnersLancashire Nobbys would sometimes retrofit an inboard engine, such as the Lister or the Kelvin E2 3.0 litre petrol-paraffin engine. From the 1950s, manufacturers of outboard motors had settled on the use of the basic inline engine design, cylinders stacked on top of each other with the crankshaft driving the propellor shaft. The Suzuki 15 outbound motor was introduced in 1989.
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Intel Inboard 386/AT and Intel Inboard 386/PC were 1980s ISA boards which allowed to upgrade respectively an IBM AT or an IBM PC computer into Intel 80386 machines. The board was a full-length ISA expansion card that came with a 386 processor (16 MHz), an 80387 math coprocessor socket and 1 MB of RAM. 2 MB and 4 MB memory expansion options were also available. The board was activated after the regular XT/AT BIOS had finished its POST (power-on self test) routines and the OS had loaded the Intel DOS-based .
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Constructor at the D.1 Cykacz aircraft Jerzy Dąbrowski's first aircraft design, produced early in 1924 while he was a student at the Warsaw Technical University, was an unusually clean biplane with an entirely wooden structure. Its one-piece wings were built around two spars and had plywood covered leading edges, with fabric covering elsewhere. The leading edges were straight and unswept out to semi- elliptical tips and the inboard part of the wings had parallel chord inboard but tapered outboard. These outboard regions carried tapered ailerons, though only on the upper wing; ailerons apart, the upper and lower wings were identical.
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Multifunction dinghies have recently become available as yacht tenders. These unsinkable dinghies can be rowed, motored, or sailed, and they also function as proactive lifeboats. Tenders are usually motor powered by outboard motor engines or inboard engines burning either petrol/gasoline or diesel.
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An anchor and lifejackets were included as standard equipment. The boat has a draft of with the standard wing keel. The boat is fitted with an inboard diesel engine of . The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .
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Lake 2000, p.124. ;L-39ZO (Z for Zbraně – weapons) :Interim weapon trainer variant for export. Four pylons stressed for 500 kg (1,100 lb) (inboard) and 250 kg (550 lb) (outboard), with total external load of 1,150 kg (2,500 lb).Taylor 1988, pp. 47–48.
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The original plan called for three propellers, but this was altered to four because it was felt the necessary power could not be transmitted through just three. Four turbines would drive four separate propellers, with additional reversing turbines to drive the two inboard shafts only.
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It was designed by C&C; Design and introduced in 1970. It has a length overall of , a waterline length of , displaces and carries of ballast. The boat has a draft of with the standard keel fitted. The boat is fitted with an inboard engine.
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For naval capabilities, it operates three rigid-hull inflatable boats (RHIBs), which are armed with DShK heavy machine guns. The boats are propelled by a pair of inboard diesel engines. The force's air element drop fuel barrels, at sea, to extend the boats' range.
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The UL version has upturned tips and the LSA short chord winglets. Four position split flaps fill the trailing edges inboard of the ailerons. The port aileron has a flight adjustable trim tab. The tail surfaces are also straight-tapered; fin and rudder are swept.
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The M14A was an evolution of the previous M7A and M7C, with the primary change being the rear brakes were mounted inboard instead of outboard. As with the M7, the M14A was powered by a Cosworth DFV V8 and a Hewland 5-speed manual gearbox.
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The boat has a draft of with the standard keel fitted. The Mark II has a draft of . The boat is fitted with an inboard diesel engine of for docking and maneuvering. The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .
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In many military aircraft diffusion bonding will help to allow for the conservation of expensive strategic materials and the reduction of manufacturing costs. Some aircraft have over 100 diffusion-bonded parts, including; fuselages, outboard and inboard actuator fittings, landing gear trunnions, and nacelle frames.
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The car lacked the more effective state-of- the-art disc brakes featured on the rival Jaguar D-Type, instead incorporating inboard drum brakes and a large air brake behind the driver that could be raised to increase drag and slow the car.Spurring 2011, p.
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This had an enclosed cabin with large side and upper glazing panels, inboard Ksoll slotted, camber-changing flaps and independent, faired undercarriage legs. It was powered by a Argus As 8 air-cooled, four cylinder, inverted inline engine and had a maximum speed about .
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Forward chines also act as leading edge root extensions (LERX) at low speeds and high angles of attack, generating a vortex flow over the inboard wing to stabilise the airflow and increase its speed locally, thus delaying the stall and also providing additional lift.
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The mainsheet traveler is in the centre of the large cockpit. There are recessed genoa tracks inboard. A spinnaker was provided as factory standard equipment. The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 201 with a high of 192 and low of 215.
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A Learjet 60 on climb-out The Learjet 60 is an improved version of the Learjet 55, with a longer fuselage and more powerful turbofan engines. It first flew on 10 October 1990 and received FAA certification in January 1993.Airliners.net profile The modifications that converted the Learjet Model 55 into a Model 60 resulted from an aerodynamics improvement program and a need to increase the capacity of the Learjet product line. Several of these modifications were a first for Learjet, including an all-new inboard wing cuff added to the inboard sections of the “Longhorn” wing and an all-new wing-to-body fairing.
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The Kuznetsov NK-14A was an onboard nuclear-powered engine which was made to be used on the Tupolev Tu-119 nuclear-powered aircraft, designed and built by the Soviet Kuznetsov Design Bureau. The design of the plane was based on a modified Tupolev Tu-95 and would be fitted with two Kuznetsov NK-14A nuclear- fuelled engines inboard fed with heat from a fuselage mounted reactor and two Kerosene-fed Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprops outboard. Development was suspended with the cancellation of the Tu-119, but flight trials would have been made initially fitted to the inboard nacelles of the Tu-119 prototype.
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"Jaguar 420 Service Manual", Jaguar Cars Limited The complete rear suspension assembly is carried in a steel crossbeam (shown ghosted in the diagram below), which is attached to the vehicle body via four rubber vee- blocks and also carries the differential (blue) and inboard brakes (red). The rear wheels are located transversely by top links and wheel carriers (green) and lower links (cyan). The top link is the driving half-shaft with a universal joint at each end. The lower link pivots adjacent to the differential casing at its inboard end and where it meets the wheel carrier at the wheel hub casting (violet) at its outboard end.
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That is, the bulky springs and dampers are mounted in the space between the wheels and the bodywork, where they interfere with the airflow and increase unwanted aerodynamic drag. Tauranac persisted with this apparently conservative approach based on wind tunnel tests he had carried out in the early 1960s, which indicated that a more complicated inboard design, with the springs and dampers concealed under the bodywork, would provide only a 2% improvement in drag. He judged the extra time needed to set up an inboard design at the racetrack to outweigh this small improvement. At the front the suspension consists of unequal length, non-parallel double wishbones.
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Inboard ski or wakeboard boatswakeboard boats are the most popular choice for this sport as the propeller is under the boat, and is less likely to make contact with the rider. Owners of inboard boats place ballast, such as water, lead weights, concrete, or other heavy objects in different sections of the boat in order to weight the boat down and create a larger wake. The best weight configuration for wakesurfing is to place the majority of the weight near the back corner side the surfer is surfing on. The deeper the boat is in the water, the bigger the wake will be overall.
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When two opposing engines of aircraft with four or more engines are inoperative, there is no thrust asymmetry, hence there is no rudder requirement for maintaining steady straight flight; VMCAs play no role. There may be less power available to maintain flight overall, but the minimum safe control speeds remain the same as they would be for an aircraft being flown at 50% thrust on all four engines. Failure of a single inboard engine, from a set of four, has a much smaller effect on controllability. This is because an inboard engine is closer to the aircraft's centre of gravity, so the lack of yawing moment is decreased.
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The rails act as sliders to protect the drivetrain which is nestled between and above the rails. Raising the drivetrain into the cabin area and lowering the seats into the frame creates a massive chest-high transmission hump which separates passengers on each side and lowers the overall center of gravity compared to most trucks where the body and passengers are above the frame. The vehicle also has double-wishbone suspension with portal gear hubs on all 4 wheels; and all-around inboard disc brakes. The brake discs are not mounted at the wheels, as on conventional cars, but are inboard of the half-shafts, attached right outside of the differentials.
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Reisen no Tsuioku (Model Art 883), 2013, p. 75. The wings were redesigned to reduce span, eliminate the folding tips, and square off the wingtips. The inboard edge of the aileron was moved outboard by one rib, and the wing fuel tanks were enlarged accordingly to .
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Ailerons occupy about half the span; inboard, slotted flaps fill the rest. Both ailerons and flaps are fabric covered. The fuselage and empennage have a wooden structure and carbon fibre skin. The engine is 73.5 kW (98.6 hp) Rotax 912S flat-four, driving a variable pitch propeller.
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There is not necessarily an order in which numbers are assigned. The order can be for example from left to right (F/A-18 Hornet) or vice versa (F-15 Eagle), or mirrored and from outboard to inboard. The often unique centerline (CL) station is no exception.
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"General Electric Performs First Run of New GEnx Engine." Flight International. 21 March 2006. The first flight with one of these engines took place on 22 February 2007, using a Boeing 747-100, fitted with one GEnx engine in the number 2 (inboard left hand side) position.
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Setright, p.2419. This, in the hands of Stewart and newly-hired François Cevert, took eight wins during 1971 and 1972 and gave Stewart the 1971 World Drivers' Championship. For 1972, Gardner tried inboard brakes on the 005 but proved unable to work out their problems.Twite, Mike.
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Minor styling changes took place again in 1969, with grilles gaining a pattern of finely spaced, slim vertical bars overlaid by two wider horizontal bars, which jutted forward at their inboard edges. Front marker lights became far shorter, and square. Inside, front outboard passengers received new headrests.
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The boat may be optionally fitted with an inboard motor for docking and maneuvering. The fresh water tank has a capacity of . The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 75 with a high of 81 and low of 69. It has a hull speed of .
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For pleasure craft, such as sailboats and speedboats, diesel, gasoline and electric engines are used. Many inboard motors are derivatives of automobile engines, known as marine automobile engines. The advent of the stern drive propulsion leg improved design so that auto engines could easily power boats.
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Inboard plans of . The gun turret was independently invented by the Swedish inventor John Ericsson in America. Ericsson designed USS Monitor in 1861. Erickson's most prominent design feature was a large cylindrical gun turret mounted amidships above the low-freeboard upper hull, also called the "raft".
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The boat may be optionally fitted with an inboard engine for docking and maneuvering. The fresh water tank has a capacity of . A galley is optional and can include a two-burner stove. A head is also optional and can be a marine type or portable.
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Additionally, seatbacks were designed to fold forward. Seat roller tracks were permanently attached to the floor and seat stanchions were aligned, facilitating the longitudinal rolling of the seats. Bench seat stanchions were moved inboard to reduce bending stress in the seat frames, allowing them to be lighter.
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As the flight crews were conducting the emergency procedure, the number 1 engine somehow failed. With two engines malfunctioning, the aircraft was unable to sustain flight in its configuration. It began to experience problems with a third engine, the inboard left-hand JT9D, which repeatedly surged.
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Whereas the inshore boats operate mostly close to shore, the SuperRHIBs operate at much wider and longer distance at sea. The inboard diesel engines and the longer form of the hull allow the SuperRHIB to deal with even worse weather conditions while maintaining good sailing characteristics.
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Air was fed to the engine through two triangular inlets mounted on the inboard wing roots. Fuel was carried in the leading edge of the wings, and tip tanks. The aircraft had oxygen tanks and was pressurized to 3 psi differential pressure. The seats were designed to accommodate parachutes.
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A front anti-roll bar attached to the inboard extensions of the upper A-arms. The 804 was the first Porsche to come standard with disc brakes. The car used Porsche's unique annular ring system. The 804 was also the first Porsche equipped with rack- and-pinion steering.
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The device and user may be trusted but within an untrustworthy environment (as determined by inboard sensors' feedback). Collectively, these risks are called the end node problem. There are several remedies but all require instilling trust in the end node and conveying that trust to the network/cloud.
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The mainsheet is of a 6:1, mid-boom configuration and attaches at the bridge deck. The cockpit has two genoa winches and the genoa has inboard tracks. There are also two halyard winches. Original factory optional equipment included jiffy reefing, a bow anchor roller and pressure water.
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The internal space housed both the main undercarriage and a total of four fuel tanks without any bulges or fairings in the wing, while four spars provided for significant structural strength. The sizable horn-balanced ailerons and inboard elevators gave the Delta 2 a high level of manoeuvrability.
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Correct Craft released its first Ski Nautique boat, the first fiberglass ski boat, designed by Leo Bentz, in 1961. It was the world's first tournament inboard ski boat. In 1986, SeaWorld signed a contract with Correct Craft to supply Ski Nautique boats for ski shows at their marine parks.
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Incorporated outboard shocks, which seemed to be going a step back, but they worked quite well. CV joints were applied after a long hiatus since the first car. Switched to a single inboard rear brake rotor. All three aluminum brake rotors failed during the morning heat of endurance.
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LÉ Róisín moored at Dublin’s docklands, 2008. The ship is powered by two Wärtsilä 16V26 diesel engines each developing continuous power. The engines drive two shafts with Lips inboard turning controllable pitch propellers via single reduction gearboxes. Each propeller is 2,500 mm in diameter and functions at 300 rpm.
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Severe wing damage resulted in a fire and complete loss of hydraulic flight control systems. Because outboard left wing fuel tank 1A was full at takeoff, there was no fuel-air vapour explosion. Liquid jet fuel dropped away as 1A disintegrated. Inboard fuel tank 1 was pierced and leaking.
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The taper increases slightly on the outer wing panels, where ply covered ailerons are hinged on the upper wing surfaces. Schempp-Hirth airbrakes are fitted inboard. Its fuselage is a ply shell formed around wooden bulkheads and stringers and again GRP is used for areas with double curvature.
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The two J28s had 80 inch drivers and a 34.25 foot engine wheelbase. Engine #7453 had inboard piston valves and Stephenson valve gear, while #2761 had outside piston valves and Walschaerts valve gear. They each weighed 377,500 pounds with the tender. They had 27,504 pounds of tractive effort.
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The trailing edge of the wing had two-section ailerons with trim tabs, and inboard of the ailerons were double-slotted flaps.Gunston and Gilchrist 1993, pp. 75–76. Direct electrical drives were used to move the flaps and other hydraulically-operated equipment was used.Gunston and Gilchrist 1993, p. 76.
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Outboard of the engine, slat flaps are used on the leading edge. The Boeing 727 also used a mix of inboard Krueger flaps and outboard slats, although it had no engine between them. Most early jet airliners, such as the Boeing 707 and Boeing 747, used Krueger flaps only.
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Cruising yachts have an auxiliary propulsion power unit to supplement the use of sails. Such power is inboard on the vessel and diesel, except for the smallest cruising boats, which may have an outboard gasoline motor. A sailboat might have a engine, whereas a sailboat might have a engine.
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Minor parts associated with this rotor blade were scattered over a three-block area northwest of the park. Examination of the yellow blade spindle (S/N AJ19) revealed a fatigue fracture in the shank of the spindle adjacent to the shoulder in the inboard end of the shank.
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Rear discs were mounted inboard of the hub carrier. Twin master cylinders with adjustable ratio balance bar were also included. Lightweight rack and pinion with adjustable steering column and lightweight 10 inch leather-covered steering wheel was used. Steering arms were connected to the rack by adjustable rod- ends.
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The boat is fitted with an inboard engine for docking and maneuvering. A taller mast was a factory option. This also increased total sail area by about 2%. The Tall mast version has a PHRF racing average handicap of 78 with a high of 89 and low of 66.
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This constant mesh, sequential-shift, 5 speed gearbox combined with ZF limited-slip differential in the transaxle configuration was compact, light (85 lbs including inboard brakes and halfshafts) and quick shifting, but the reliability problem had been carried over from the F1 and F2 Lotus 12 single seater.
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This variation of the aircraft was dubbed the "Landphibian", and was lighter without the inboard and outboard sponsons. In 1992 the Amphibian kit cost US$16,695, while the land-only version kit was US$15,695. The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 700 hours.
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McLaren M23 rear brakes An inboard braking system is an automobile technology wherein the disc brakes are mounted on the chassis of the vehicle, rather than directly on the wheel hubs. The main advantages are twofold: a reduction in the unsprung weight of the wheel hubs, as this no longer includes the brake discs and calipers; also, braking torque applies directly to the chassis, rather than being taken through the suspension arms. Inboard brakes are fitted to a driven axle of the car, as they require a drive shaft to link the wheel to the brake. Most have thus been used for rear-wheel drive cars, although four-wheel drive and some front-wheel drives have also used them.
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These fuel tanks consisted of eighteen removable containers made of a rubberized compound, called cells, installed inside the wings of the airplane, nine to each side. The wings of the B-17 consisted of an "inboard wing" structure mounted to the fuselage which held the engines and flaps, and an "outboard wing" structure joined to the inboard wing and carrying the ailerons. The Tokyo tanks were installed on either side of the joint (a load-bearing point) where the two wing portions were connected. Five cells, totaling capacity, sat side by side in the outboard wing and were joined by a fuel line to the main tank delivering fuel to the outboard engine.
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MacPherson strut suspension, track control arm coloured dark blue In automotive suspension, a control arm, also known as an A-arm, is a hinged suspension link between the chassis and the suspension upright or hub that carries the wheel. The inboard (chassis) end of a control arm is attached by a single pivot, usually a rubber bushing. It can thus control the position of the outboard end in only a single degree of freedom, maintaining the radial distance from the inboard mount. Although not deliberately free to move, the single bushing does not control the arm from moving back and forth; this motion is constrained by a separate link or radius rod.
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The arrangement and number of oarsmen is the first deciding factor in the size of the ship. For a ship to travel at high speeds would require a high oar- gearing, which is the ratio between the outboard length of an oar and the inboard length; it is this arrangement of the oars which is unique and highly effective for the trireme. The ports would house the oarsmen with a minimal waste of space. There would be three files of oarsmen on each side tightly but workably packed by placing each man outboard of, and in height overlapping, the one below, provided that thalamian tholes were set inboard and their ports enlarged to allow oar movement.
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There were pairs of split flaps inboard of the fabric covered ailerons. The fixed surfaces of the tail unit were also aluminium alloy structures with stressed metal skin. The tailplane, set at the top of the fuselage, was strut-braced from below. Control surfaces were fabric covered, with trim tabs.
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The mechanical disadvantages are largely those of added complexity. Undriven wheels require a brake shaft. Mounted inboard, it is more difficult to arrange for cooling air to flow over the rotor and air ducting can be required to prevent brake fade. There can be practical difficulties in servicing the brake mechanism.
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It is powered by an inboard-mounted Japanese-built Yanmar Diesel engine of , with a fuel tank. A fresh water tank was also fitted. The boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 168 with a high of 182 and a low of 159. It has a hull speed of .
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This is in contrast to the wishbone. Wishbones are triangular and have two widely spaced inboard bearings. These constrain the outboard end of the wishbone from moving back and forth, controlling two degrees of freedom, and without requiring additional links. Most control arms form the lower link of a suspension.
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Forward of the spar the wings were ply skinned, forming a D-shaped torsion box. Ribs were built from spruce trellis work. There was a secondary spar behind the main one and an over-all fabric covering. A trim tab was positioned inboard on the trailing edge of each half- span.
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The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering, although the design originally specified an inboard Renault diesel engine. The accommodation includes a forward "V"-berth, a semi-private head, a convertible dinette table that can be used as a berth and a quarter-berth aft.
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Z1 Boat is a brand of luxury yacht tender manufactured in the United States. Most notably, the 23 foot sportsboat, with a V-hull design made of fiberglass or Carbon / Kevlar laminate schedule, with an inboard motor, foot controls, and side steering console. The speedboats are manufactured by Z1 Boats, Inc.
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Some aileron designs, particularly when fitted on swept wings, include fences like wing fences flush with their inboard plane, in order to suppress some of the spanwise component of the airflow running on the top of the wing, which tends to disrupt the laminar flow above the aileron, when deflected downwards.
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In a ground-attack role, a combination of unguided 135 mm rockets in sextuple pods and 120 kg fragmentation bombs on quadruple-mounts could be used. Other armaments include explosive mines, and 30 mm ADEN cannon podsAndersson 1989, p. 150. with 150 rounds of ammunition on the inboard wing pylons.
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In the third variant, the outer engines were moved inboard next to the inner ones, creating a single paired installation on each side. This reduced drag and therefore increased speed. It also improved asymmetric handling in the engine-out situation. In other respects, the '03 was similar to the unarmed '01.
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These joystick-operated seawater-cooled inboard diesel engines use combined charging (turbo and supercharger, except IPS450) with aftercooler, common rail fuel injection and DOHCs with hydraulic 4-valve technology. Propshaft power ranges from (highest efficiency 59.7 kW/liter for IPS400 3.7-liter straight-4 diesel). Multiple units can be combined.
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The cockpit has two genoa sheeting winches, plus there are two additional winches on the mast for the halyards. There are also genoa sheet tracks mounted inboard. There is an anchor well in the bow. The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 120 with the deep keel fitted.
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The rest of the wing was also ply covered. In plan the wing was symmetrically straight tapered. Its mass balanced ailerons were slotted and fabric over ply covered. The IS-11 had short span spoilers, opening both above and below the wing, mounted at mid-chord just inboard of the ailerons.
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The idea was taken up to explain the Laramide orogeny, as the flat slab subduction zones on the Andean margin are associated with more inboard surface deformation and magmatic gaps. Flat slab subduction is an active area of research; the causal mechanisms for its occurrence have not been sorted out.
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A second, inboard fence was added.Mendenhall (1983), p.27.Jones, Lloyd S. U.S. Fighters, Aero, 1975. pp.272-4. A TF-102A, illustrating the widened cockpit The first revised aircraft, designated YF-102A flew on 20 December 1954, 118 days after the redesign started, exceeding Mach 1 the next day.
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USS New York uses four Fairbanks-Morse license- built MAN Colt-Pielstick PC2.5 STC sequentially turbocharged marine diesel engines with inboard rotating Rolls-Royce controllable-pitch propellers. The V16-cylinder Colt-Pielstick PC2.5 STC engine is intended for use on ships requiring high propulsion power combined with a lightweight installation.
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Breyer, p. 33 Their belt armor was to vary from over the machinery spaces and aft magazines, to over the forward magazines and tapered down to at the bows. Stern armor was kept at to protect the steering gear. Inboard of the main armor belt was a anti- torpedo bulkhead.
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It now provides internal combustion engines (ICEs) and complete power systems to the marine industry, power-generating equipment, and similar industrial applications. The business also manufacturers sterndrive and inboard drive systems such as the Volvo Penta IPS. The engine program comprises petroleum fuel (diesel and gasoline) engines with power outputs of between .
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As of 2019, naval reserve divisions (NRDs) across Canada primarily operate various types of inboard and outboard rigid-hull inflatable boats in addition to Defender-class boats operated by the NST. Most particularly, NAVRES is tasked with providing the personnel for the KINGSTON-Class Maritime Coastal Defence Vessels and Naval Security Team (NST).
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Crown 28 The Crown 28 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, inboard engine, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder and a fixed fin keel. It displaces and carries of ballast. The boat has a draft of with the standard keel fitted.
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This causes the point of equilibrium to move inboard along the blade's span, thereby increasing the size of the driven region. The stall region also becomes larger while the driving region becomes smaller. Reducing the size of the driving region causes the acceleration force of the driving region and rotational speed to decrease.
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The interior portion of the deck continued around the lido area via glass-enclosed walkways. These walkways were just inboard of the ship's lifeboats. Boat deck contained most of the first class cabins and there were 34 that were especially luxurious. The Card Room and Reading Room were aft of the passenger accommodations.
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With forward-swept wings the span wise flow is inboard, causing the wing root to stall before the wingtip. Although at first glance it would appear that this would cause pitch-down problems, the extreme rear mounting of the wing means that when the root stalls the lift moves forward, towards the tips.
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Inboard N-form interplane struts held the upper plane high over the fuselage in place of a cabane. Outboard there was one more N-interplane strut between each wing, four in all. Ailerons were fitted on all three upper wings. The fourth wing, lowest of all, was quite different, much shorter in span.
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Medway was protected by an internal anti-torpedo bulge which incorporated a water jacket of . Amidships a torpedo bulkhead was located 13 feet inboard that inclined outwards above the waterline. The main deck was 1.5 inches thick amidships. Medway was ordered on 14 September 1926 as part of the 1925/26 Naval Estimates.
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Inboard N-form interplane struts held the upper plane high over the fuselage in place of a cabane. Outboard there was one more N-interplane strut between each wing, four in all. Ailerons were fitted on all three upper wings. The fourth wing, lowest of all, was quite different, much shorter in span.
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The boat displaces and carries of lead ballast with the standard keel and with the wing keel. The boat has a draft of with the standard keel fitted and with the optional shoal draft wing keel. The boat is fitted with a Yanmar 2Y1M5 diesel inboard engine, powering a saildrive two-bladed propeller.
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In plan the wing was symmetrically straight tapered, with squared tips, where there were small tip bodies or plates. It had wood framed, fabric covered, balanced ailerons which reached out to the wing tips. DFS (Schempp- Hirth) type airbrakes were mounted at mid-chord, just inboard of the ailerons. There were no flaps.
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Some pilots preferred more than one point of convergence. In 1944 operating out of England, American Lieutenant Urban "Ben" Drew set the .50 in guns of his North American P-51 Mustang "Detroit Miss" to converge at three points: , and , with the inboard guns aimed closer and the outboard guns farther away.
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Having made the switch to the Italian Inboard Championship for the 1975 season, the team raced in the championship up until 1977. Participating in another World Speedboat Record in 1978 and 1979 with a diesel-engined boat. Continuing with boat racing through to 1993, taking several victories and podium finishes along the way.
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Originally the A-22 came fitted with a 40-litre inboard fuel tank behind the seats, although later models have wing tanks holding 37.5 litres per side. The propeller is a 3-blade composite ground adjustable KievProp. Dual controls are standard, using a single central "Y" yoke or optionally twin yoke control system.
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The Condor was an all-wood glider, seating two in tandem. The wing was built around two spars and the planform was unusual in that the chord of the straight tapered inboard section increased outwards. The outer wing sections, where the ailerons were mounted, were conventionally tapered. No flaps or airbrakes were fitted.
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The Model 100 had an unusual inboard mounted twin engine arrangement driving forward-mounted contra-rotating propellers through driveshafts. The aircraft also featured a 120-degree v-tail arrangement and retractable landing gear. The construction was mostly of wood, with sandwiched layers of balsa and hardwoods, including tulipwood stringers covered with doped fabric.
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Rack and pinon steering was also used, a new technology for Ferrari. Disc brakes manufactured by Dunlop were used on both the front and rear. Front and rear discs were both in diameter. Front discs were conventionally mounted outboard at the hub uprights, while the rear brakes were mounted inboard at the transaxle.
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Inboard airbrakes, again shorter in production aircraft, can extend from both upper and lower surfaces. The butterfly tail consists of two all moving surfaces, with wood sandwich leading edges and fabric covering elsewhere. Both carry trim tabs. The slender fuselage is assembled from two formed, foam-bonded ply shells, each with inbuilt longerons.
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Plain flaps fill the trailing edges inboard of the ailerons. The elevators are horn balanced, as is the rudder. Together, the fin and rudder are straight tapered, with a small dorsal fillet. The Parandeh Abi is powered by a Rotax 914 F3 horizontally opposed four-cylinder engine driving a thee-bladed propeller.
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Passengers, paratroops and stretchers were to have been carried in both the lower cabin and the upper cabin, which was on the same level as the cockpit aft of the wing. The retractable twin-wheeled undercarriage legs retracted into the rear of the inboard engine nacelles and the underside of the forward fuselage.
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The stretched -320, powered by JT4A turbojets The 707-320 Intercontinental is a stretched version of the turbojet-powered 707-120, initially powered by JT4A-3 or JT4A-5 turbojets producing each (most eventually got JT4A-11s). The interior allowed up to 189 passengers, the same as the -120 and -220 series, but improved two-class capacity due to an 80-in fuselage stretch ahead of the wing (from to ), with extensions to the fin and horizontal stabilizer extending the aircraft's length further. The longer wing carried more fuel, increasing range by and allowing the aircraft to operate as true transoceanic aircraft. The wing modifications included outboard and inboard inserts, as well as a kink in the trailing edge to add area inboard.
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At Monaco, Beltoise, who had qualified 11th and led the first practice times at one point, was in collision with Denny Hulme's McLaren on the first lap when the New Zealander got off-line and in attempting to rejoin, triggered a multiple accident. For this race, a second P201 chassis had been produced with outboard front disc brakes rather than inboard but was not used. At Sweden, Henri Pescarolo drove the second chassis, with the brakes moved inboard, and he and Beltoise qualified 19th and 13th respectively. However, both retired, Pescarolo on lap one through fire and his teammate on lap three with an engine problem. At the 1974 Dutch Grand Prix, Beltoise tried both P201 chassis and raced the newer one.
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Some airplanes have been designed with fixed leading edge slots. Where the slots are located ahead of the ailerons, they provide strong resistance to stalling and may even leave the airplane incapable of spinning. The flight control systems of some gliders and recreational aircraft are designed so that when the pilot moves the elevator control close to its fully aft position, as in low speed flight and flight at high angle of attack, the trailing edges of both ailerons are automatically raised slightly so that the angle of attack is reduced at the outboard regions of both wings. This necessitates an increase in angle of attack at the inboard (center) regions of the wing, and promotes stalling of the inboard regions well before the wing tips.
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Later cars used a Getrag five speed gearbox. A three-speed automatic gearbox was optional. The Éclat had disc brakes at the front, and inboard drum brakes at the rear. Air conditioning and power steering were offered as options. The different equipments of the Series 1 cars were called 520, 521, 522, 523, and 524.
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McLean (2012), Section 8.1.3 This spanwise-varying pressure distribution is sustained by a mutual interaction with the velocity field. Flow below the wing is accelerated outboard, flow outboard of the tips is accelerated upward, and flow above the wing is accelerated inboard, which results in the flow pattern illustrated at right.McLean (2012), Section 8.1.
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After this had been completed, she was refitted at Liverpool, where her LCA capacity was increased to 24 by the fitting of luffing davits and inboard cradles for the additional craft.Ladd, 1976, pp. 78-79 Room was found to berth an additional LCM on deck and a new 50 ton derrick was installed.Ladd, 1978, p.
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Sikuliaq is on and has a maximum beam of . At a displacement of , she draws of water. Designed for operations in ice-infested waters, the vessel has a sloping icebreaker bow and a hull that is two feet wider at the bow than in the stern to reduce ice resistance.R/V Sikuliaq Inboard Profile.
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Vertical legs transmitted landing forces to the lower wing just inboard of the folding line. The floats were made of spruce and ply covered; on the planing bottoms the ply was thick. A second example, the IVbis, had a single central main float, suitable for catapult launching, and a small, stabilizing float under each wing.
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The -900 wing covers a area. This is between the wing of the current Boeing 777-200LR/300ER and the wing of the in-development Boeing 777X. However, Boeing and Airbus do not use the same measurement. The A350-1000 wing is () larger through a () extension to the inboard sections of the fixed trailing edge.
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No flaps or airbrakes were fitted. Two pairs of lift struts ran from the bottom of the fuselage to the wing spars just inboard of mid span. The near-rectangular rudder was hinged between the elevators, working in a cut-out. The wooden fuselage was flat sided, with a blunt nose and open cockpit.
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The weapon uses a long recoil system of operation, for minimum recoil forces on the mounting and vehicle. Spent cases are ejected forwards. The weapon was also designed for minimum inboard length, allowing for more space in the turret or a smaller turret overall. Another feature is that no gun gas escapes into the turret.
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Inboard, there were all-metal split flaps. At the rear a short, blunt fin carried a cantilever tailplane slightly above the upper fuselage line. Both fixed surfaces were straight-edged and metal-skinned like the wing; the balanced control surfaces they carried were metal-framed but fabric-covered. The rudder extended down to the keel.
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Model of USS Monitor Inboard plans of USS Monitor Monitor was an unusual vessel in almost every respect and was sometimes sarcastically described by the press and other critics as "Ericsson's folly", "cheesebox on a raft"Thulesius, 2007, pp. 108, 113Bushnell, Ericsson, Welles, 1899, pp. 17, 41 and the "Yankee cheesebox".McCordock, 1938, p.
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In mid-August Tacoma Inboard Racing Association hosts the "Pateros Hydro Classic." Each year racers come from all over the country to race on Lake Pateros. Hydroplanes fly at speeds up to one hundred and forty miles per hour. They are powered by eight cylinders and are so loud the whole town can hear them.
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Mass balanced, half span Fowler flaps immediately inboard of the ailerons may, as an option, be electrically driven. The fin and rudder are swept and straight edged apart from an initially curved leading edge fillet. The rudder is deep and moves in a cut-out in the separate elevators. The tailplane has constant chord.
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For 1952, Nash commissioned Italian designer Pinin Farina to revise Healey's original body design. One objective was to make the sports car more similar to the rest of Nash's models. The front received a new grille incorporating inboard headlights. The sides now featured a distinct fender character lines ending with small tailfins in the rear.
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Steering was power assisted rack and pinion and the car came with vented disc brakes all around with the rear brake discs being positioned inboard. The interior of the car was quite luxurious and it was almost fully upholstered in leather, although the use of Ford sourced parts (steering wheel, gear shift) took away somewhat of the luxurious impression.
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The Cal 3-27 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, an inboard motor, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder and a fixed fin keel. It displaces and carries of ballast. The boat has a draft of with the standard keel and with the optional shoal draft keel.
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During flight trials, these vertical surfaces evolved in stages from a rather blunt shape, with extensions below the tailplane to a surface with a smoothly curved trailing edge entirely above the tailplane. The rudders were fitted with trim tabs. Because of the inboard rudders, the elevators had three sections. The 550 was normally equipped with long, single stepped floats.
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Tripod joints are used at the inboard end of car driveshafts. The joints were developed by Michel Orain, of Glaenzer Spicer of Poissy, France. This joint has a three- pointed yoke attached to the shaft, which has barrel-shaped roller bearings on the ends. These fit into a cup with three matching grooves, attached to the differential.
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The tripod joint does not have as much angular range as many of the other joint types, but tends to be lower in cost and more efficient. Due to this it is typically used in rear wheel drive vehicle configurations or on the inboard side of front wheel drive vehicles where the required range of motion is lower.
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"MBDA Shows Off ASRAAM". Defense News, 22 February 2008. Additionally, each wing has a inboard station and a middle station, or for F-35B. The external wing stations can carry large air-to- surface weapons that would not fit inside the weapons bays such as the AGM-158 Joint Air to Surface Stand-off Missile (JASSM) cruise missile.
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SSZ Stradale Mark 3 as raced at Elkhart Lake, Road America on October 2, 1999 Mark 3 cars were prepared in competition version only. The Electromotive 3.0 twin turbo engine developed 1000 horsepower. The cars had independent rear suspension and inboard disc brakes. A full flat bottom with rear diffuser, air jacks, telemetry and data acquisition were fitted.
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The CSR is also wider than previous models, which increases handling ability. left Both rear and front suspension were completely redesigned for the CSR. The front suspension has double wishbone, fully adjustable, inboard springs and dampers, improving aerodynamics. The rear suspension is also upgraded to a double wishbone, fully independent system, replacing the De Dion tube design.
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Equipment includes two halyard winches on the coach house roof, two genoa sheet winches on the cockpit coaming, plus two additional winches for spinnaker sheeting. The genoa tracks are inboard. An additional deck eye is provided for a staysail. The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 120 with a high of 132 and low of 114.
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The C&C; 36R is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a transom-hung rudder, vertical transom and a fixed swept fin keel. It displaces and carries of ballast. The boat has a draft of with the standard keel fitted and is fitted with an inboard engine.
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The first missile was radar-controlled and proximity fuzed, and detonated behind the aircraft. Sending fragments forward, it either severed or unraveled the crossover cable from the left inboard elevator to the right elevator. This, with damage to one of the four hydraulic systems, caused KAL 007 to ascend from , at which point the autopilot was disengaged.
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The Latécoère 570 was an aerodynamically clean, all-metal low cantilever wing monoplane with two radial engines and a twin tail. The wings were broad at the root and had straight edges, but narrowed continuously outwards to small-chord elliptical tips, mostly through the strong forward sweep of the trailing edge. This latter carried ailerons with flaps inboard.
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"2+C-C+2" means there are two sets of axles under the unit. Within each of these sets, there is a guiding truck with two idler axles, and inboard of this, and hinged to it, is a truck with three powered axles. The GE steam turbine-electric locomotives of 1939 were notable examples of this arrangement.
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Csonka transaxle from 1908 Drawing of the "Alfa Transaxle" layout, with gearbox mounted in block at the rear differential; also inboard brakes to reduce unsprung mass A transaxle is a single mechanical device which combines the functions of an automobile's transmission, axle, and differential into one integrated assembly. It can be produced in both manual and automatic versions.
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First Submerged Circumnavigation 1960, p. B-7. At dawn on February 17, Triton performed her first morning star- sighting using the built-in sextant in her No. 1 periscope during the nightly ventilation of the shipboard atmosphere. The inboard induction valve was closed after the removal of a rusted flashlight that had prevented its closure.First Submerged Circumnavigation 1960, pp.
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The XBK dive bomber program was initiated in February 1944 with a contract for two prototypes. To keep the aircraft size down, it was decided that all stores would be carried externally. A radar could be carried underneath the left wing. The dive brakes were of the lower and upper picket fence type at the inboard wing trailing edge.
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Engine cooling is provided by a metal pipe underneath the rear running board which is used as a rudimentary heat-exchanger. This is then coupled to the engine using rubber or plastic hoses. Clean water is then used as the coolant. Control is achieved by moving the engine with a lever attached to the inboard side.
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Harrison 1965, p. 498. Operational experience soon resulted in the deletion of the inboard thrust-reversers due to continued tailplane buffeting despite the engine repositioning. One BOAC Super VC10 was lost during the Dawson's Field hijackings in 1970. Ghana Airways ordered three VC10s in January 1961: two to be fitted with a cargo door, known as Type 1102s.
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Access was via side doors. Its tail included a constant chord tailplane, mounted above the fuselage, which carried twin fins inboard of its rounded tips. In the early stages of this much modified airframe, the fins carried rudders as a precaution but experience of direct control allowed their removal. The PA-22 had a split axle, fixed tailwheel undercarriage.
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In 1937 CANT (Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico) won a contract to build an aircraft for the Italian diplomatic corps in their embassies abroad. The result was the CANT Z.1012. It was a low wing cantilever monoplane with an aerodynamically clean wooden structure and plywood skin. The single spar wings were tapered, carrying balanced ailerons and slotted flaps inboard.
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The fuselage tapered smoothly aft to a conventional empennage with a straight-tapered tailplane mounted on top and a curved fin, both ply-covered. The control surfaces were fabric-covered; the rudder was large and rounded and the elevators were semi-elliptical and assisted with inboard Flettner tabs. The PWS-101 landed on a sprung skid.
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Inboard profile and deck plan of Niels Juel as completed in 1923 Niels Juel had an overall length of and was long at the waterline. The ship had a beam of , and a mean draft of . She displaced at standard load and at deep load. Niels Juels crew numbered between 310 and 369 officers and sailors.
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The IS-23 was an all-metal aircraft. It had a high cantilever wing with constant chord inboard and slight taper beyond with almost square tips. The wing was equipped with various high lift devices to achieve the required STOL capability. The tail surfaces were constant chord and straight tipped, though the fin and rudder were slightly swept.
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The cabin sole is made from teak and holly, while the main cabin folding table is teak, as are the cockpit seats. Ventilation is provided by two deck hatches, one over the main cabin and one over the forward cabin. The mainsail mainsheet traveler is mounted to the bridge deck. There are both inboard and outboard genoa tracks.
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On March 17 the third −8F made its first flight and joined the test program. During the flight tests, Boeing discovered a buffet problem with the aircraft, involving turbulence coming off the landing gear doors interfering with the inboard flaps. Boeing undertook an evaluation of the issue, which included devoting the third test aircraft to investigating the problem.
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Retrieved: 21 August 2013.Norton 2004, pp. 71–72. and AN/AAQ-24 Nemesis Directional Infrared Counter Measures."Bell-Boeing V-22 Guidebook – Bell Helicopter" The fuel capacity is increased by 588 gallons (2,230 L) with two inboard wing tanks; three auxiliary tanks (200 or 430 gal) can also be added in the cabin.Norton 2004, pp. 100–01.
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The rear lamps had amber turn signals and the front indicators were mounted closer to the corners rather than inboard. The Saturn faced a hard time in Japan, where it played directly into the strengths of the Japanese manufacturers, comparing unfavorably with better-priced and more competent Japanese compact cars. The interior, especially, received criticism.Latham, p.
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The Columbia 24 series are all recreational keelboats, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. They all have masthead sloop rigs, spooned raked stems, raised transoms, keel- mounted rudders controlled by a tiller and fixed fin keels. The keel is a truncated long keel design. The boat is fitted with an inboard engine for docking and maneuvering.
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Designs differ as to how much space they take up and where it is located. It is generally accepted that MacPherson struts are the most compact arrangement for front-engined vehicles, where space between the wheels is required to place the engine. Inboard brakes (which reduce unsprung weight) are probably avoided more due to space considerations than to cost.
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The C&C; 46 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel with lead ballast. It displaces . The boat has a draft of with the standard keel fitted and mounts an inboard diesel engine.
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The CSR was launched in 2005 following extensive research and development by Caterham with the objective of creating an improved Seven. The CSR is based on the larger dimensions of the SV but with a substantially revised and stiffer chassis, inboard 'pushrod' front suspensions, fully independent rear suspension, improved aerodynamics, potent Cosworth engines and a new 'integrated' dashboard layout.
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The sixth cell was located in the space where the wing sections joined, and the remaining three cells were located side-by-side in the inboard wing; these four cells delivered of fuel to the feeder tank for the inboard engine. The same arrangement was repeated on the opposite wing. The Tokyo tanks added of fuel to the already carried in the six regular wing tanks and the that could be carried in an auxiliary tank that could be mounted in the bomb bay, for a combined total of . All B-17F aircraft built by Boeing from Block 80, by Douglas from Block 25, and by Vega from Block 30 were equipped with Tokyo tanks, and the entire run of B-17Gs by all three manufacturers had Tokyo tanks.
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The crew are provided with avionics that enable poor-weather flying; the forward position is provided with a radio altimeter and gyro-gunsight. For combat missions, the Super Galeb can be outfitted with a centreline-mounted gun pod containing a twin-barrel 23mm Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23L cannon with up to 200 rounds. In addition, four hard points are installed beneath the wings, the inboard pair having a 7701b capacity while the outboard have a 5501b capacity; these can carry a variety of Western and Eastern European armaments and equipment; the inboard pylons are plumbed for 70 gallon external fuel tanks, a locally developed reconnaissance pod was also under development at one stage. The G-4 is powered by a single British-sources Rolls-Royce Viper turbojet engine.
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Forward of the single spar the wing was covered with a stressed metal skin, forming a torsion box. Behind the spar it was fabric-covered, the trailing edge carrying flaps inboard, from the wing fillet out to the ailerons, though the centre section was metal-skinned throughout. The leading edge carried slats in three sections to form slots across the whole span when extended.Flight p417 The inboard pair were opened when the flaps were lowered and the outer slots were automatic, with interceptors connected to the ailerons for lateral control at high angles of attack. Behind the radial Bristol Pegasus IM3 engine, producing 650 hp (485 kW) and enclosed in a Townend ring, the semi-monocoque, corrugated-skinned fuselage grew in diameter to the pilot's midwing cockpit then remaining constant rearwards to the gunner's position.
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A new trailing-edge high- lift device has been adopted with an advanced dropped-hinge flap similar to that of the Airbus A380, which permits the gap between the trailing edge and the flap to be closed with the spoiler. It is a limited morphing wing with adaptive features for continuously optimising the wing loading to reduce fuel burn: variable camber for longitudinal load control where inboard & outboard flaps deflect together and differential flaps setting for lateral load control where inboard & outboard flaps deflect differentially. The manufacturer has extensively used computational fluid dynamics and also carried out more than 4,000 hours of low- and high-speed windtunnel testing to refine the aerodynamic design. The final configuration of wing and winglet was achieved for the "Maturity Gate 5" on 17 December 2008.
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The trailing edge has double-slotted trailing edge flaps inboard of mass-balanced ailerons; the flaps are separated from the ailerons by small wing fences. An automatic trimming system was present, the flaps and the trim system being connected in order to counteract the potentially large pitch changes that would otherwise be generated by vigorous movements of the flaps.Wilkinson 2005, p. 165.
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Although immersion alone is often sufficient to lubricate the bearing, additional cooling and also flushing away of any gritty particles that could cause damage may be achieved on large ships by a pumped flow of water to the inboard end of the bearing. This flow passes along grooves in the bearing surface, leading outboard. A low pressure of around 5 psi is adequate.
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The quad setup is four fins, two on each side, in a similar position to the rail fins on a thruster. The fronts are typically larger than the rears but this is not always the case. The rears are nearly always inboard and aft of the fronts. The exact measurements and configuration of the quad set-up can vary pretty widely.
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The power train was completed by a Thornton Powr-Lok limited-slip differential. Stopping power for this heavy car came from power-assisted four- wheel disc brakes, the rear units being mounted inboard alongside the differential. Power-assisted steering was standard, the later 4.2 cars receiving Marles Varamatic Bendix (Adwest) variable ratio steering boxes, designed by an Australian, Arthur Bishop.
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Centurion Boats was founded by Rick and Pam Lee. They acquired the trade name from a Salt Lake City company, and took their first order by phone in 1976. The first products were inboard ski boats, which were produced in a leased 10,000 square foot facility in Southern California. In 1986 the first V-Drive ski boat was brought to market.
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The Iowa-class battleships are long at the waterline and long overall with beam of . During World War II, the draft was at full load displacement of and at design combat displacement of . Like the two previous classes of American fast battleships, the Iowas feature a triple bottom under the armored citadel and armored skegs around the inboard shafts.Garzke and Dulin, pp.
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All generations of C8 come equipped with double wishbone suspension at the front and rear axles. First generation C8 models used inboard Koni shock absorbers and components constructed from stainless steel and aluminum. Aileron and Preliator models adopted an updated suspension setup developed by Lotus, with an increase number of parts manufactured from forged aluminum and new mono-tube dampers.
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The Mirage also adds an elevator trim tab and electrical flap operation. The Gemini's standard two-stroke 48 kW (64 hp) Rotax 582 engine was replaced in the Mirage by a 60 kW (80 hp) four-stroke Rotax 912UL. The wings of the G3 Mirage have a constant chord centre section with straight tapered outer panels. The inboard sections carry electrically operated flaps.
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The Lignel 20 was a low wing cantilever monoplane of entirely wooden construction apart from its engine mounting. The wing had a rectangular centre section with tapered outer panels, the latter with dihedral, which gave the wing an approximately elliptical plan. It was plywood skinned, with an external fabric covering. There were split flaps on the inboard trailing edges and ailerons outboard.
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However, Bruce alleges that there was no substance to the concerns of structural weakness.Bruce 1965, p. 4. In 1918, the RAF issued a technical order for the installation of a spanwise compression strut between the inboard cabane struts of surviving Triplanes. One aircraft, serial N5912, was fitted with additional mid-bay flying wires on the upper wing while used as a trainer.
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Lewis machine guns on the bridge wings. At about 08:05, her gun commenced firing. At about the same time, two bombs — intended for the more valuable battleship inboard on Battleship Row — hit the repair ship. One struck the port side, penetrated three decks, passed through a crew's space, and exploded in a stores hold, starting fires that necessitated flooding the forward magazines.
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Torsion bar suspension of a Citroen Traction Avant, with the torsion bar attached to the lower control arm A control arm may be used to carry the suspension load and transmit them to the spring or shock absorber. Torsion bar suspension commonly does this, with the outboard end of the torsion bar attached to the inboard bearing of the control arm.
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In plan it was straight-tapered out to long, elliptical tips. It was built around a forward main spar and a rear auxiliary spar, joined by two-ply sheet to form a box-spar. Each wing had split, differential, fabric-covered ailerons mounted on the auxiliary spar. Underwing IAW airbrakes replaced the camber-changing inboard flaps and DFS airbrakes of the PWS-102.
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"2-B+B-2" means there are two sets of articulated axles under the unit. Within each of these sets, there is a truck with two idler axles, and inboard of it are two powered axles. Two of these articulated sets are placed back to back and connected by a hinge. The PRR DD1 and DD2 electric locomotives used this arrangement.
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"1-C+C-1" means there are two sets of articulated axles under the unit. Within each of these sets, there is a truck with one idler axle, and inboard of it are three powered axles. Two of these articulated sets are placed back to back and connected by a hinge. The PRR FF1 and FF2 electric locomotives used this arrangement.
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"2-C+C-2" means there are two sets of articulated axles under the unit. Within each of these sets, there is a truck with two idler axles, and inboard of it are three powered axles. Two of these articulated sets are placed back to back and connected by a hinge. The Pennsylvania Railroad's GG1 electric locomotives were notable examples of this arrangement.
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Inboard profile of Dunkerque The two ships differed slightly in their dimensions; both were long between perpendiculars, while Dunkerque was long overall while Strasbourg was overall. The two ships both had a beam of . Dunkerque displaced standard, normally, and fully loaded. Strasbourg was slightly heavier, at standard, normally, and at full load, with the difference being the result of increased armour protection.
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Seal oil lamps were being replaced by kerosene lamps. And as she grew older, she began to use an inboard motor in a boat. Adapted to seasonal cycles, the family ate from the land and waters of the region: caribou, grayling, trout, sheefish, whitefish, ptarmigan, marmot, muskrat, ducks, beluga. Della Keats has an early memory of having a pet eagle.
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The forward wing provides around 60% of the lift. The full-span control surfaces on the forward wing serve as combined elevators and flaps. Ailerons are located inboard on the rear wing which is shoulder-mounted just aft of the pilot. The tandem layout provides positive lift from both pairs of wings; whereas on a conventional aircraft, the tailplane mostly provides negative lift.
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The partition line for the wing extensions was located considerably inboard in the prototype, a feature that first appeared in the Schempp-Hirth Ventus 2c and which allows optimal planform for both spans and easier rigging. For series production DG-Flugzeugbau gave greater priority to structural and manufacturing considerations and the partition was moved outboard to seven metres from the fuselage axis.
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This decal option was canceled in 1974. There were few changes in 1974. There was a base model and the upper-level Brougham and the S option was added. The parking lights were relocated inboard below the grille instead of the headlights and there was a new rear bumper design which met the federal government's new 5-mph impact standards.
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Green 1975, pp. 93–94. While all F6F-5s were capable of carrying an armament mix of one 20-mm (.79-in) M2 cannon in each of the inboard gun bays (220 rounds per gun), along with two pairs of .50-in (12.7-mm) machine guns (each with 400 rounds per gun), this configuration was only used on later F6F-5N night fighters.
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This redesign resolved tailplane buffeting and fatigue issues incurred by operating the thrust reversers. The two inboard engines could have thrust reversers installed (such as on military VC10s), matching the 707. There was 3.0% more wing area with the leading edge extension reducing aspect ratio and wing root thickness/chord ratios, improving low speed lift and reduced high Mach drag.
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Free-falling munitions could also be aimed using a ventral blister-mounted periscope from the navigator's position. The Mirage IV has two pylons under each wing, with the inboard pylons being normally used for large drop tanks of 2,500-litre (660 gal (US)) capacity. The outer pylons typically carried ECM and chaff/flare dispenser pods to supplement the internal jamming and countermeasures systems.
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The wings had the same span and constant chord and neither sweep nor stagger. Both upper and lower wings had outboard ailerons and inboard flaps, the latter ending at the centre section. Both wings also had leading edge slats along their full length. The outer sections of these were linked to downward movement of the ailerons and the inner sections to the flaps.
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The Pampean flat slab similarly extends ~700 km inboard from the trench axis. The segment is visually correlated with the Juan Fernandez Ridge, and the highest peak in the Andes, the non-volcanic Aconcagua (6961 m). This area has undergone the same "thick-skinned" deformation, leading to the high mountain peaks. The Bucaramanga segment was recognized in early eighties from limited seismological evidence.
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The JG.1B is a small sports aircraft with two seats placed side-by side. It has a polyester fabric covered steel tube structure and is a cantilever, low wing monoplane. Its straight edged wings carry inboard flaps. Conventionally laid out, the JG.1B is powered by a Potez 4E-20B1 air-cooled flat four engine which drives a two blade propeller.
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The wing has conventional ailerons on the outboard trailing edge, and spoil-flaps (similar to the dive-brake flap) on the inboard trailing edges. The ailerons are actuated by push-rods, and the spoil-flaps are hydraulically operated. Directional stability is provided by twin boom-mounted fins, each of . area. Each has a cable-actuated rudder at its trailing edge.
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A narrow continuation of the leading edge of the wing to the nose formed strakes on each side. There were control surfaces on the trailing edges both within and beyond the fins. The Arbalète II's main undercarriage legs were moved inboard, mounted on the wing but close to the fuselage. The Arbalète II flew for the first time on 5 August 1970.
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The ailerons have external balance trim tabs and sealed nosegaps. Inboard, there are electrically operated Fowler flaps. The fuselage becomes slender towards the tail, where the trapezoidal tailplane is set at mid-height, the elevators having a small cutout for rudder movement. The fin is swept but the rudder has vertical edges; it extends to the bottom of the fuselage.
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The boat is fitted with an inboard engine for docking and maneuvering. The galley is located on the port side at the foot of the companionway steps and includes a sink and two-burner stove. The head is forward on the starboard side and has a privacy door. Accommodations include a bow "V"-berth and two main cabin settee berths.
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The machinery of Imperator Nikolai I differed only in small ways from that of her predecessors. The wing propeller shafts were powered by high pressure ahead and astern turbines, while the inboard shafts were powered by low pressure turbines. They produced a total of . 20 mixed-firing triangular Yarrow water- tube boilers powered the turbines with a working pressure of .
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Crescent wing configuration The crescent wing is a fixed-wing aircraft configuration in which a swept wing has a greater sweep angle on the inboard section than the outboard, giving the wing a crescent shape. The planform attempts to reduce several unpleasant side-effects of the swept wing design, notably its tendency to "pitch-up", sometimes violently, when it nears a stall.
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The suspension front and rear comprised unequal-length upper and lower A-arms. At the front, the suspension initially had only one radius rod on the bottom end of the upright. An upper rod was added later. Also at both front and rear, springing was provided by longitudinal torsion bars, and damping was by either Koni twin- tube or Bilstein monotube shock absorbers, mounted inboard.
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Behind them, under the same glazing, sat the engineer and the radio operator. Further aft, at the wing trailing edge, was a dorsal gunner's turret. All crew positions were joined by a corridor. The Latécoère 550 had its tailplane mounted on top of the fuselage, strut braced from below and bearing twin inboard fins and rudders separately braced to the top of the fuselage.
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The boat was built with a standard keel that gives a draft of . Most examples built were powered by an outboard motor, but an inboard-mounted Japanese-built Yanmar Diesel engine was optional. The accommodations include a forward cabin with a "V" berth with a hatch for ventilation and a folding door for privacy. The main cabin has a settee double berth and a quarter berth.
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The Exxtacy was intended as a high-performance rigid-wing hang glider, for competition use and two-place instruction. The Exxtacy wing is based upon a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer cantilever box spar, with ribs and wing tips, also of the same material. Control is by weight-shift, with roll control augmented by wing top-surface spoilers. For thermalling flight and landing, inboard flaps were installed.
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The tips carried the small sreamlined bodies known as salmons, common at the time. Its slotted ailerons, which filled about half the span and were divided into two pairs, were ply skinned but with an outer fabric covering. Spoilers, situated immediately inboard of the ailerons at about 40% chord, opened both above and below the wing. The IS-7 had an ovoid cross-section plywood monocoque fuselage.
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In February 1928, the company was acquired by the Automotive Corporation of America, led by Villor P. Williams. Williams was interested in gaining an automobile on which to install his Parkmobile device. The Parkmobile was a device which hydraulically raised the car up via a set of smaller wheels inboard of the standard ones. This allowed the vehicle to be rolled sideways into a parallel parking space.
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Their bodies were found unburned from the main wreckage. The tail of the aircraft broke away from the fuselage and fell to the ground about from the main wreckage. The outer section of the left wing, outboard of the engine nacelle, was found about ¾ mile (1.2 km) from the main wreckage. Apart from the fracture surfaces on the inboard ends of the spars it was almost undamaged.
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In the main cabin the gallery is located on the port side, with a large navigation station on the starboard side. In the main cabin there is a double berth and a pilot berth, along with a folding table. There is also a double berth in the bow. The design has a "T" cockpit with the wheel on a pedestal and inboard genoa tracks.
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Production continued in November 1970 under the name Avions Pierre Robin. The Robin DR400 first flew in 1972 and is still in production. It has a tricycle undercarriage, and can carry 4 people. The DR aircraft have the 'cranked wing' configuration, in which the dihedral angle of the outer wing is much greater than the inboard, a configuration which they share with Jodel aircraft.
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The springs and dampers installed inboard (push-rods, calipers not installed). The overall strength of the chassis is improved with the addition of new tubular steel to the frame. The weight of the car increases, but the torsional stiffness is improved by somewhere between 25% and 100%. The added reinforcement was necessary in order for the CSR to support the heavy 2.3 litre Duratec engine.
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The flooding caused the inboard propellers to stop for want of power and started a large amount of arcing, which itself caused many electrical fires in the aft half of the ship.Garzke & Dulin, p. 407 Losing power and speed, Roma began to fall out of the battle group. Around 16:02, another Fritz X slammed into the starboard side of Romas deck, between frames 123 and 136.
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The Hallberg-Rassy 40 is a recreational centre-cockpit keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder on a partial skeg controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel with lead ballast. It displaces . The boat has a draft of with the standard keel fitted and mounts an inboard diesel engine.
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Ailerons occupied the whole trailing edges of these outer panels; there were no inboard flaps or air brakes. Its wood-framed, plywood-skinned fuselage was deep-sided and hexagonal in cross section, tapering markedly towards the tail. The wing was mounted on a pedestal which continued only briefly behind the wing. The pilot's open cockpit was immediately ahead of the pedestal and below the wing leading edge.
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Upon his return to the States, Bentz produced his first Prototype Ski Nautique, named after the school in France. He subsequently contracted the work for 12 production boats and sold them using the company name Glass Craft. Bentz's creation – a fibreglass inboard – was a novel concept. In the spring of 1960 at the Southern Regional Championships in Birmingham, Alabama, Bentz made the first showing of his creation.
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The boat is fitted with an inboard motor for docking and maneuvering. With the standard keel the design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 144 with a high of 150 and low of 141. With the shoal draft keel the design has a PHRF average handicap of 165 with a high of 174 and low of 156. Both configurations have hull speeds of .
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A central gap, if present, can then be filled by lifting a conventional truss into place or by building it in place using a "traveling support". In another method of construction, one outboard half of each balanced truss is built upon temporary falsework. When the outboard halves are completed and anchored the inboard halves may then be constructed and the center section completed as described above.
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Car # 67 The year 2000 car marked the return to inboard suspension. However, the mounting posts for the bell cranks caused cracks in the main frame tubes. This car utilized the same engine, differential, and rear chassis subframe configurations as the 1998 and 1999 cars. However, a new rear upright and half shaft designs were implemented to eliminate cv joint failure and to reduce overall weight.
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The suspension of the 2CV was very soft; a person could easily rock the car side to side dramatically. The swinging arm, fore-aft linked suspension system with inboard front brakes had a much smaller unsprung mass than existing coil spring or leaf spring designs. The design was modified by Marcel Chinon. The system comprises two suspension cylinders mounted horizontally on each side of the platform chassis.
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Bluebird has a frontal area of and a drag coefficient of 0.16, giving it a Drag area of . Brakes consist of Girling disc brakes, inboard mounted (to reduce unsprung mass) at all four wheels. The brakes are hydraulically controlled with a back up pneumatic system operated from compressed air reservoirs. The brake discs measured in diameter and are capable of operating up to a maximum temperature of .
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In 2020, Karun Chandhok – who took part in 10 Grands Prix for Hispania – claimed that the battle between Campos and Dallara over the chassis payment led to the team's display car being raced all season without any upgrades. As a result, the only alteration made to the cars all year was the movement of side-mirrors inboard ahead of a sidepod-mirror ban in China.
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An Avro 707A in flight, 1951. The 707 was a "proof-of-concept" delta design that was principally the work of Stuart D. Davies, Avro chief designer. The diminutive experimental aircraft initially incorporated a wing with about 50° sweep, without a horizontal tail on a fin with trailing edge sweep. The trailing edge of the wing carried two pairs of control surfaces: inboard elevators and outboard ailerons.
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On each side a V-form pair of tubular struts within aerofoil fairings braced the lower fuselage to the wing. The trailing edge of the mainplane had a long fillet reaching almost to the curved leading edge of the broad tailplane; mounted at mid-fuselage, this had strong inboard sweep, decreasing outwards. It carried horn-balanced elevators. The fin was smaller, with a rounded, balanced rudder.
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Barnes and James 1989, p. 281. The wing sections inboard of the engines were attached at a 30° dihedral angle, thus providing sufficient clearance for the airscrews from water-spray during takeoff. The wings were designed for high torsional stiffness, each comprising a box-spar with four tapered stainless steel tubular booms. Fuel tanks were mounted within the wings; sprung and braced wingtip floats were fitted.
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They then noticed that the inboard main landing gear was down and one of the plane's hydraulic systems was empty. Because they did not have sufficient fuel to reach Los Angeles with the drag added by the landing gear, they diverted to San Francisco. An emergency was then declared and they flew straight in to the SFO airport. The plane landed without further incident.
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Flaps are mounted on the trailing edge on the inboard section of each wing (near the wing roots). They are deflected down to increase the effective curvature of the wing. Flaps raise the maximum lift coefficient of the aircraft and therefore reduce its stalling speed.Clancy, L.J. Aerodynamics Chapter 6 They are used during low speed, high angle of attack flight including take-off and descent for landing.
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Gloriana at Henley Royal Regatta 2012 Gloriana is a rowing barge. She is powered by 18 oarsmen and two electric inboard engines, and can carry an additional 34 passengers and crew. According to Lord Sterling, the design is inspired by Canaletto's London paintings of 18th-century barges. According to The Daily Telegraph, the design resembles the boat used by the Lord Mayor of London in the 1800s.
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The Z.515 (Z denoting a Zappata design) was the result of a requirement for a reconnaissance seaplane with light bombing capability. It was smaller and lighter than the established CANT Z.506 reconnaissance bomber, which was a three engine aircraft. The Z.515 was a cantilever low wing monoplane with straight tapered wings of noticeable dihedral and rounded tips. There were flaps inboard of the ailerons.
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Cunningham C-5R A single all-new C-5R was prepared for the 1953 24 Hours of Le Mans. The front suspension comprised a solid beam axle sprung by torsion bars. This reduced weight by and allowed the use of diameter Al-Fin drum brakes mounted inboard of the wheels. At the rear was a live axle on coil springs as on the later C-4Rs.
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The Cobra was a cantilever low wing monoplane with a wooden structure covered in plywood, which had an outer thin aluminium skin bonded to it. The single spar wings had a maximum thickness to chord ratio of 16.5%; in plan they were unswept and straight tapered. There was 6° of dihedral. The ailerons were fitted with electrically operated trim tabs and the inboard flaps were hydraulically powered.
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The rest of the wing was fabric covered. It had forward sweep, coming mostly through the strong sweep of the trailing edge as the leading edge was almost straight. Its mass balanced and fabric over ply covered ailerons were slotted and divided into two sections. There were short spoilers, opening both above and below the wing, mounted near mid- chord just inboard of the ailerons.
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Douglas Fir is a straight-grained and strong wood used for main deck planking, and fore and aft masts. Live Yellow Pine is rot-resistant and flexible; it is used for inboard hull "ceiling" planking, deck beams, deckhouse coamings, and deckhouse studs. Locust is a tough wood that expands. It is used for wooden treenails, also called trunnels, to fasten wooden planks to frames in drilled holes.
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Seydlitz was propelled by four Parsons direct-drive steam turbines that were arranged in two sets. Each set consisted of a high-pressure outboard turbine which exhausted into a low-pressure inboard turbine. Each turbine drove a 3-bladed screw propeller that was in diameter. Steam for the turbines was provided by twenty-seven small-tube Schulz-Thornycroft boilers that had two fire boxes per boiler.
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If he could locate the bomber he would approach from below, matching the weaving movement of the bomber. With the target confirmed Jabs would fire from below, aiming for the fuel cells in the right wing root between the fuselage and the inboard engine. This gun mounting they called Schräge Musik or slanting music. The bombers shot down in this manner never saw their attacker.
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Each wing carried three control surfaces. Near each tip, close behind and parallel to the leading edge there was a large, rectangular plan interceptor. These were operated differentially by pedals which also controlled the rudder and were used to make flat turns. Inboard of the interceptors, each outer panel trailing edge carried two broad-chord control surfaces that acted as both ailerons and elevators.
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The new wing features single-slotted outboard flaps and double-slotted inboard flaps. The 747-8 has two GEnx turbofans under each wing, in a nacelle with chevrons Raked wingtips, similar to the ones used on the 777-200LR, 777-300ER, and 787 aircraft, are used on the new 747 variant instead of winglets used on the .Thomas, Geoffrey. "A Timely Stretch". Air Transport World, December 2005.
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The boat is fitted with a diesel inboard engine for docking and maneuvering. The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of . The design has sleeping accommodation for eight people. There is a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, settee berths, including a port double, in the main cabin and a large aft cabin, with a raised deck above it.
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Inboard, there are electrically operated Fowler flaps. The fuselage becomes slender towards the tail, where the trapezoidal tailplane is set at mid-height, the elevators having a small cutout for rudder movement. The fin is swept but the rudder has vertical edges; it extends to the bottom of the fuselage. The underwing cabin seats two in side-by-side configuration, with access via glazed side doors.
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The water drum was offset to one side and below the furnace and steam drum. The two boilers fitted were 'handed' with the water drum inboard on both. Many Leanders had six burner furnaces (known as Five and a Half Boilers) and the output was varied by altering the number of burners in use. Profile of as she appeared at the time of commissioning.
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The outer engines were mounted on the upper side of the lower wing, just inboard of the first interplane struts. Below them were pairs of well-spaced wheels forming a widetrack undercarriage. These were braced to the fuselage, leaving a clear underside for the fitting of bomb racks. Unlike the Hercules, the DH.72 had a monoplane tail unit but retained the twin fins.
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Due to problems with the pressurization system, the gun turrets and landing gear doors, these items were omitted on the first prototype. The aircraft had R-3350-13 engines inboard and R-3350-21s outboard, with all four powerplants driving three-bladed propellers. The XB-32 had persistent problems with engine oil leaks and poor cooling, but the B-29 also had similar engine problems.
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The inboard propellers' pitch could be reversed to shorten the landing roll or to roll back in ground maneuvers. The first XB-32 was armed with eight machine guns in dorsal and ventral turrets, and an odd combination of two .50 caliber and one cannon in each outboard engine nacelle firing rearwards, plus two .50 caliber machine guns in the wings outboard of the propellers.
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The cockpit is "T"-shaped, with all the lines leading to it for sail control. There are eight winches provided, four on the coach house roof got the halyards and the spinnaker, plus four cockpit winches for the genoa sheeting. Long genoa tracks are mounted inboard, which allow 8° close sheeting. The mainsheet traveller is mounted recessed into the deck just aft of the bridge deck.
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The aircraft is of all-metal construction, with cantilever mid-wings with detachable tips. The leading edges are swept- back, and the stressed-skin wings have flaps inboard of the ailerons. The fuselage is a monocoque structure, with a hinged nose to allow loading of a stretcher or other awkward loads. Seating can be arranged for one pilot and five passengers, or two pilots and three passengers.
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The P8 was steered by a cam-adjustable magnesium rack and pinion designed by Bowin, with an energy absorbing steering column surmounted by a leather-covered steering wheel. The brakes were Girling disc brakes with alloy caliper assemblies. The twin braking system was adjustable for length and had an adjustable-ratio balance control. The rear brakes were mounted inboard on the gearbox to reduce unsprung weight.
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The 308C wasn't seen until the latter part of the 1975 season. Like the 308B on which it was based, the 308C was very narrow at the front, tapering out to wide and low sidepods, with the main radiators in front of the rear wheels. The rubber suspension was inboard, and operated by rocker arms. It was entered by Hesketh Racing for Englishman James Hunt to drive.
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The other has a centerboard that retracts into a trunk and it has a draft of with the centreboard extended and with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer. The centerboard is retracted with a 4:1 tackle. The boat can be fitted with an inboard diesel engine or a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering. The fuel tank holds .
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By the time she was completed she was obsolete, but her armament was fairly modern, consisting of four 4.7-inch (120 mm) and one 5.9-inch (150 mm) Krupp breech-loading guns. Two of her 4.7-inch guns were on sponsons on either side of the ship near the bow, the other two were further aft on pivot mounts inboard, and the 5.9-inch gun was on the stern.
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At the rear was an innovative combination transaxle with the gearbox, clutch, differential, and inboard-mounted drum brakes. The front suspension was a sliding pillar design, with rear semi-trailing arms replaced by a de Dion tube in the Fourth series. The Aurelia was also first car to be fitted with radial tires as standard equipment. Initially 165SR400 Michelin X and later on the sports models fitted with 165HR400 Pirelli Cinturato.
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Thailand defines marine capture fisheries as either "small scale fisheries" (SSF) or "large scale fisheries" (LSF}. The National Statistical Office and the Fisheries Department define SSF as non-powered, outboard-powered, or inboard powered fishing boats of less than 10 gross tonnes (GT) generally operating inshore. Coastal fishing operations without boats are included in SSF. Fishing boats greater than 10 gross tonnes and fishing operations conducted offshore are considered LSF.
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While it showed a slightly higher top speed, after a few flights it had to be grounded due to a problem with engine manifold joints leaking exhaust. Following the fixing of this problem, testing continued until the ninth flight on June 16, 1943. During this flight, the third (right inboard) engine caught fire, and the crew was forced to bail out. The XB-38 was destroyed and the project cancelled.
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While the XB-38 delivered a substantially higher top speed, its service ceiling was lower. After a few flights it had to be grounded due to a problem with engine manifold joints leaking exhaust gases. Following the fixing of this problem, testing continued until the ninth flight on June 16, 1943. During this flight, the third (right inboard) engine caught fire, and the crew was forced to bail out.
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They were built around a single spar with a forward torsion box between it and the leading edge. The tips carried the small sreamlined bodies known as salmons, common at the time. Ply and fabric covered ailerons ran from the tips over the more tapered outboard panels, with mid-chord spoilers immediately inboard, opening above and below the wing. The fuselage was a plywood monocoque, tapering to the tail.
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Land Rover 90 rolling chassis, with drivetrain painted yellow. The transmission brake is the yellow drum, to the right rear of the transfer box. A transmission brake or driveline parking brake is an inboard vehicle brake that is applied to the drivetrain rather than to the wheels. Historically, some early cars used transmission brakes as the normal driving brake and often had wheel brakes on only one axle, if that.
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These bass boats were about 25 feet long and featured a hull form similar to a New England lobster boat with a sharp entry, rounded bilges, and relatively little deadrise at the stern. They were powered with inboard engines and had a top speed of about 20 knots. The typical deck configuration featured a long cockpit with a windshield at the forward end and a cuddy cabin in the bow.
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The boat is fitted with a gasoline inboard motor, driving a two-bladed bronze propeller, for docking and maneuvering. The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of . Below decks the design has a main salon featuring a folding, drop-down table with two settees that can be converted into upper and lower pilot berths. The galley has a capacity icebox and a stainless steel sink.
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The lower wing is mounted at the fuselage bottom. Both wings have the same span and chord and they have significant stagger but neither dihedral nor sweep. The wings have two spars and are light alloy throughout including a pop-riveted skin, though the wing tips are glass fibre covered foam. Plain ailerons are fitted only on the lower wings; there are no trim tabs on them nor inboard flaps.
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In plan the wings were strongly tapered, mostly on the trailing edges, and ended in long, elliptical tips. Their trailing edges carried slotted flaps inboard; slotted ailerons filled the rest of the span. Fuel tanks were located between the spars, two in each wing. The G-15 was powered by a Shvetsov M-11 five cylinder radial engine driving a two blade propeller, housed under a broad chord NACA cowling.
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The 20B was mostly the same as the 20, but with sway bar and stock inboard drum brakes in the rear. Occasionally, 20Bs ran with Lotus TwinCam, and therefore didn't race as a Formula Junior, but as Formula Libre and in other series such as the Tasman series. A Lotus 20 was entered in the 1965 South African Grand Prix for Dave Charlton but failed to pre-qualify.
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It had three parts, two plywood-skinned lifting sections each 15 ft (4.57 m) long joined by a 3 ft (910 mm) centre section. The single wing spar was a 4×3 in (102×76 mm) spruce beam. The wing was straight edged and tapered by sweep on the leading edge only. The trailing edges carried full-span ailerons with the inboard half-spans divided into three sections.
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In 1932, Besson created the MB.410 by replacing the twin floats of the MB.35 with a single main float and two outrigger floats just inboard of the wingtips. The engine was cowled and fuselage streamlining was improved. The prototype was destroyed in a fatal accident during testing. The French Navy required a spotter aircraft for its new submarine Surcouf, and ordered a production version, designated MB.411.
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The aircraft was originally designed for the BMW 003 jet engine, but that engine was not quite ready, and the Junkers Jumo 004 engine was substituted. Control was achieved with elevons and spoilers. The control system included both long-span (inboard) and short- span (outboard) spoilers, with the smaller outboard spoilers activated first. This system gave a smoother and more graceful control of yaw than would a single-spoiler system.
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Solid fuel retro-rockets mounted on the interstage at the top of the S-II fired to back it away from the S-IVB. The S-II impacted about from the launch site. On the Apollo 13 mission, the inboard engine suffered from major pogo oscillation, resulting in an early automatic cutoff. To ensure sufficient velocity was reached, the remaining four engines were kept active for longer than planned.
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Ventilation is provided by nine bronze ports that open, plus two hatches, one over the main cabin and the other in the bow. The cockpit has two main winches, plus a halyard winch and additional sheeting winch on the coach house roof. There are inboard genoa tracks and a bow roller for a CQR anchor on the bow. The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 192.
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A kajjik in Malta in 2011, with a luzzu in the background The kajjik or kajjikk is a traditional fishing boat from Malta. It developed in the 17th century from caïques which were used elsewhere in the Mediterranean. In the past, kajjikki were equipped with sails and oars, but today the fishing boats are powered by inboard motors. Variants of the boat participate in the rowing regattas held twice every year.
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Twist or washout built into the wingtips can also alleviate pitch-up. In effect, the angle of attack at the wingtip becomes smaller than elsewhere on the wing, meaning that the inboard portions of the wing will stall first. A commonly used solution to pitch-up in modern combat aircraft is to use a control-canard.Raymer, Daniel P. (1989), Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach, Section 4.5 - Tail geometry and arrangement.
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"2-B+B+B+B-2" means there are two sets of articulated axles under the unit. Within each of these sets, there is a truck with two idler axles, and inboard of it are two powered axles, hinged to yet another set of two powered axles. Two of these articulated sets are placed back to back and connected by a hinge. Examples include the Milwaukee Road EF-1 "Boxcab" electrics.
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"2-D+D-2" means there are two sets of articulated axles under the unit. Within each of these sets, there is a truck with two idler axles, and inboard of it are four powered axles. Two of these articulated sets are placed back to back and connected by a hinge. Examples include the Baldwin DR-12-8-1500/2 "Centipede" diesel locomotives and the GE "Little Joe" electric locomotives.
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"B-D+D-B" means there are two sets of articulated axles under the unit. Within each of these sets, there is a truck with two powered axles, and inboard of it are four powered axles. Two of these articulated sets are placed back to back and connected by a hinge. The W-1 class of electric locomotives built by General Electric for the Great Northern Railway used this arrangement.
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The central part, about 40% of the span, was rectangular in plan and was without dihedral. The outer panels were straight tapered to blunt tips, the wing becoming thinner and thus acquiring dihedral though retaining a horizontal upper surface. Ailerons occupied the whole trailing edges of these outer panels; there were no inboard flaps or air brakes. At 16:1 its aspect ratio was similar to that of the Konsul.
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Fuel was transferred to inboard tanks to reduce the likelihood of a spill if the ship should run aground. During the afternoon, the ship drifted past Bogoslof Island at a distance of around . The ocean-going tug Sidney Foss arrived after sunset at 18:30 and a line was attached. However, with winds now at and waves of , the tug was only able to slow the vessel's drift.
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Swivel (US) ; Gunwales : (pronounced: gunnels) The top rail of the shell (also called Saxboard) ; Handle : The part of the oar that the rowers hold and pull with during the stroke. ; Hatchet blade : Modern oar blades that have a more rectangular hatchet-shape and which are not symmetrical. (also cleaver blade) ; Hull : The actual body of the shell. ; Inboard : The length of the oar shaft measured from the button to the handle.
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Grew Manufacturing is a popular name for construction of Grew vessels with early beginning in 1882 as Gidley Boat Works. In 1920, Arthur Grew took over the boat business and renamed the business, which is located in Ontario, Canada. Grew Manufacturing expanded into a modern recreational boat producer of Bowrider and Cuddy cruisers, powered by outboard and inboard motors. Created in fiberglass, Grew's later vessels were built in modern facilities.
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The rear brakes were mounted inboard and the front brakes were mounted to the stub-axle on the front upright, which brought them out of the wheels and into the air-stream for cooling. As the prototype chassis was nearing completion Lawrence began to have second thoughts about using the LawrenceTune/Standard-Triumph engine. Lawrence knew that the Triumph engine was to be phased out of production by 1967.
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The engine was mounted longitudinally behind the passengers and drove the rear wheels through a Citroën C35 5-speed manual transaxle also used in the SM and Maserati Merak. Rear brakes were mounted inboard, following contemporary racing practice. The Series 1 embodied Lotus' performance through light weight mantra, weighing less than . Front suspension consisted of upper A-arms and lower lateral links triangulated by the anti-roll bar.
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Drop through rotary airlock feeders are designed for rugged applications that require an outboard bearing style unit where contamination and /or an abrasive product cannot be handled with an inboard bearing style. The outboard bearing feeders is engineered for use in high pressure pneumatic conveying systems, with high temperatures where more of an effective seal is required due to high or excessive wear that is experienced with a simple dust collector.
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Higher mountainous terrain surrounds the single east-west runway airport in all directions. Since it was August, it was winter time in Peru, as in the rest of the southern hemisphere. At about 2:55 pm, the four-engine Electra turboprop began its takeoff run to the west. At some point during the takeoff run or initial climb, the number three engineNumber three engine is inboard, right side.
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The boat is fitted with a Swedish Volvo Penta MD7A diesel engine of connected to a Volvo Penta 110S saildrive. Some boats have been retrofitted with a small outboard motor in place of the inboard diesel, for docking and maneuvering. Below decks the design has headroom. Sleeping accommodation is provided for six adults, with a "V"-berth forward, two berths in the main cabin and two aft berths.
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Plan showing the inboard profile, sections, upper deck and hold for Carcass (1759), an 8-gun, sloop- rigged bomb vessel. The Infernal class were designed by Thomas Slade. Carcass was ordered from Stanton & Wells, Rotherhithe on 21 September 1758 and launched on 27 January 1759, having been named over a week previously on 19 January. Carcass was commissioned as a sloop at Deptford Dockyard on 27 June 1759, having cost £3,757.14.
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Saildrive of Volvo Penta make A saildrive is a transmission system for a boat whose inboard engine has a horizontal output shaft. The saildrive's input shaft is therefore also horizontal. That input shaft is geared so as to drive a vertical intermediate shaft extending downward through the hull. The intermediate shaft is then geared so as to drive a horizontal propeller shaft mounted on a skeg outside the hull.
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Inboard the wing chord reduced linearly by about 30% to the root. The outer wing had 3° of dihedral, though the narrowing centre section curved downwards strongly to the roots. The Delanne 20 was an all wood aircraft and each wing was built around two spruce and plywood box spars. The trailing edges carried ailerons and camber changing flaps, coupled to slats on the corresponding sections of the leading edges.
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The boat has a draft of with the standard keel fitted. The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering, but a special "D" model was produced with an inboard Japanese Yanmar diesel engine of , located under the companionway ladder. The fuel tank holds . The design has accommodation for four people, with a forward "V"-berth in the bow, with a privacy curtain.
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The radiators themselves were split into three sections: an oil cooler section outboard, the middle section forming the coolant radiator and the inboard section serving the cabin heater.Jackson 2003, p. 87. The wing contained metal-framed and -skinned ailerons, but the flaps were made of wood and were hydraulically controlled. The nacelles were mostly wood, although for strength, the engine mounts were all metal, as were the undercarriage parts.
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At the rear, ribbed rectangular taillights were mounted inboard the Ambassadors rearward-thrusting rear fenders. Square ribbed marker lights of similar height were mounted at the trailing edge of each fender side. The deck lid had a slightly higher lift over. The base and DPL models had no decorative panel connecting the taillights while the top-line SST versions featured a panel painted red to match the taillights.
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The woodie wagon's body behind the engine cowl was identical to Ford's, and produced at the company's Iron Mountain plant in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The "Eight" script was moved to the rear of the hood. 90,556 Mercury Eights were sold in the 1941 model year. In 1942 the Mercury Eight's slender bullet parking lights were replaced with rectangular units placed high on the fenders inboard of the headlights.
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She was laid up and moored at Gosport in 1995/6. She was purchased in 1996 as a bare hull from the bankrupt C & N yard in Portsmouth Harbour. Southampton Yacht Services on the River Itchen were then commissioned to undertake a major rebuild including a new one piece carbon fibre mast and inboard diesel engine installation for the first time. She was re-launched in November 1997.. J Class Yachts.
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Both the Scion and the Scion II were produced as either landplanes or floatplanes, the majority as landplanes (see the table below). On the landplanes the landing gear comprised a single wheel on each side of the fuselage, mounted on a vertical coil-spring and oleo leg inboard of the engine; there was a small castoring tailwheel mounted below the rear end of the fuselage.Barnes and James, p.287.
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The subjects also very much reflect the technology of the early period of his life. Tall ships, steam ships and old lumber mills are often featured in his prints. Sometimes the transition in technology is represented, as with the steam tug-boat pulling the sailing ship in "Down to the Sea" or the inboard-powered, double-ended fishing troller passing the schooner going the opposite direction in "Journey into Silence".
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Subaru FF-1 G 4WD Wagon The () (also known as the 1100 and 1300) was a compact car and introduced in Japan July 10, 1970, replacing the FF-1 Star. It was a front wheel drive vehicle with a typical Subaru EA61 or EA62 flat-4 engine. A fully independent torsion bar suspension and rack and pinion steering were impressive for the time. The inboard front drum brakes were an oddity.
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To eliminate the critical engine problem, counter- rotating propellers usually spin "inwards" towards the fuselage – clockwise on the left engine and counter-clockwise on the right – but there are exceptions (especially during World War II) such as the P-38 Lightning which spun "outwards" away from the fuselage from the WW II years, and the Airbus A400 whose inboard and outboard engines turn in opposite directions even on the same wing.
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The company presented its first amphibious inboard RIB at the Dubai International Boat Show.Ebelthite, Shaun. "ASIS Amphibious RIB By Land or Sea" Yachts International, Emirates, June 2014 The next year the company launched its first outboard amphibious boat at the Dubai International Boat Show. Three years later they decided to improve the existing amphibious boats and went on to develop their own 4WD amphibious system, the BAS 80-4.
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The fuselage structure was welded steel tubing with duralumin formers, and a semi-monocoque duralumin nose section. The wings were stressed-skin metal structure on the inboard panels and fabric-covered wood beams and duralumin ribs on the outboard panels. The fuselage had room for two crew and up to ten passengers. Large doors and a roof-mounted chain hoist were fitted for use in the cargo role.
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Then, an engine of the buyer's choice installed locally. This proved to be very successful, and the use of American components made it very easy to find parts for Allard's customers. The front suspension was a swing axle with coil springs while the rear had a De Dion tube system with coil springs, inboard brakes and a quick-change differential. Ninety J2s were built between 1950 and 1951.
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The LAK-15 was designed as a record breaking sailplane and so had a very large () span wing with an aspect ratio of 38.4. This was trapezoidal in plan, with 3° of dihedral. It was set at mid-fuselage, built around a single, carbon fibre spar and skinned with three-ply glass fibre/carbon fibre. There were high aspect ratio ailerons over at least half the span, with two flaps inboard.
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The two innermost compartments were intended to be filled with fuel oil that would be replaced by water as it was consumed. The torpedo bulkhead itself consisted of an outer Ducol plate thick that was riveted to a plate. The IJN expected the torpedo bulkhead to be damaged in an attack and placed a thin holding bulkhead slightly inboard to prevent any leaks from reaching the ships' vitals.Lengerer, pp.
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Starkweather School is a two-story I-plan structure, faced with red/brown brick with limestone trim, and topped with a high hipped roof. The front facade is symmetrical, with each end featuring prominent bay windows surrounded with limestone and topped with a parapet containing inset brick squares. Hipped roof sections project forward over the bays. Two entryways with arched limestone surrounds are located inboard of the bay windows.
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Traditional boats use an inboard motor powering a propeller through a propeller shaft complete with bearings and seals. Often a gear reduction is incorporated in order to be able to use a larger more efficient propeller. This can be a traditional gear box, coaxial planetary gears or a transmission with belts or chains. Because of the inevitable loss associated with gearing, many drives eliminate it by using slow high-torque motors.
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The main cabin has of headroom and is finished with hand-rubbed teak trim, with the bulkheads and cabinetry made from teak veneer on plywood. The main cabin sole is teak and holly veneer over plywood. The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor of for docking and maneuvering, although a Yanmar inboard diesel engine of was a factory option. The fresh water tank has a capacity of .
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Utilizing the basic P-51 airframe and Allison engine, structural reinforcing "beefed up" several high stress areas and "a set of hydraulically operated dive brakes were installed in each main wing plane".Grinsell 1984, p. 60. Due to the slightly inboard placement of the bomb racks and unique installation of four cast aluminum dive brakes, a complete redesign of the P-51 wing was required.Gruenhagen 1969, p. 61.
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The Delta's trailing edge was equally divided between outboard ailerons and inboard elevators. As on the Storch, the wing tips were cropped and carried small, roughly triangular, ply-covered fins mounting longer, rounded rectangular, fabric covered rudders. The inner surfaces of the fins and rudders were cambered as a conventional tail rudder would be but the outer surfaces were flat. The rudders operated independently, each with its own foot pedal.
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This became known as the Montagu whaler. In this configuration, it continued in service until the 1970s in New Zealand After 1956 the Montagu was gradually replaced with the 27 foot Motor Whaler, a three-in-one whaler with inboard petrol engine: this could also be pulled or sailed. They were heavy and handled poorly, and were superseded by the Motor Whaler Mod 1. which abandoned the sailing rig.
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Each part was built around a single spar with plywood covering ahead of it, forming a torsion resistant D-box, and fabric covering behind. Control surfaces filled the whole trailing edge, with elevators inboard and ailerons outboard. The cockpit was within a ply-covered nacelle which reached forward from the trailing edge to well ahead of the leading edge. Its glazing provided good sideways, but limited forward, vision.
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Sea Shadow had a SWATH (small-waterplane-area twin hull) design. Below the water were submerged twin hulls, each with a propeller, aft stabilizer, and inboard hydrofoil. The portion of the ship above water was connected to the hulls via the two angled struts. The SWATH design helped the ship remain stable in rough water up to sea state 6 (wave height of 18 feet (5.5 m) or "very rough" sea).
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A tubular, hence lighter, steel torque arm was bolted to the support arm somewhat inboard of the wheel to permit a sufficient steering arc. It reached the frame nearly at the dashboard with a spherical rubber bearing. The upper A-arm was conventionally welded and oriented parallel to the lower one. Between it and the frame was an old- fashioned horizontal shock absorber whose two cylinders were side by side.
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The 727 used all of the runway, but was still not airborne. It traveled another over grass and struck a perimeter fence. It then crossed a road, hit a shed and a tree before finally becoming airborne. Due to the impact, the right main landing gear detached from the aircraft, the inboard right flap was damaged, engine 3 lost power, and one hydraulic system was damaged and leaking.
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The marina specializes in fine hull refinishing. Other services include complete repair service to fiberglass hulls and inboard engines, metal fabrication, painting, sailboat rigging, canvas/sails, electronics, bottom cleaning, and keel installation. Cove Haven is home to a yacht club, transient dockage, launch/haulout, new and used boat brokerages, marine store, fuel dock, and swimming pool. Boat-hauling equipment includes a hydraulic trailer, a crane, and a forklift.
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Polaris and Arctic were two American companies which entered the market during the early 1990s. PWC have an inboard engine with a screw-shaped impeller to create thrust and propulsion for steering. They are small, fast, and easy to maneuver; PWCs do not use external propellers, making them safer for swimmers and wildlife. The user-friendly properties of PWCs have contributed to the increase in popularity amongst less-experienced watercraft users.
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In 1970 Swiss Industrialist Dr. Alfred Gerber contracted compatriot car designer Franco Sbarro to build a customized 914. Sbarro installed the 2-rotor Wankel engine and semi-automatic transaxle from Gerber's NSU Ro80 in the mid-engined Porsche. The transaxle's inboard disc brakes were retained, and special halfshafts and shift-linkage were fabricated. A radiator was installed in the nose of the car, with fans sourced from a Renault R16.
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The ions then thermalized, leaving most of the material too cold to fuse. Collisions also scattered the charged particles so much that they could not be contained. Lastly, velocity space instabilities contributed to the escape of the plasma. Magnetic mirrors play an important role in other types of magnetic fusion energy devices such as tokamaks, where the toroidal magnetic field is stronger on the inboard side than on the outboard side.
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It is considered highly probable that this accident occurred through the following causal chain: When the aircraft retracted the slats after landing at Naha Airport, the track can that housed the inboard main track of the No. 5 slat on the right wing was punctured, creating a hole. Fuel leaked out through the hole, reaching the outside of the wing. A fire started when the leaked fuel came into contact with high-temperature areas on the right engine after the aircraft stopped in its assigned spot, and the aircraft burned out after several explosions. With regard to the cause of the puncture in the track can, it is certain that the downstop assembly having detached from the aft end of the above-mentioned inboard main track fell off into the track can, and when the slat was retracted, the assembly was pressed by the track against the track can and punctured it.
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Lockheed's stealth C-130 successor revealed - Flightglobal.com, 13 September 2011 The Air Force Research Laboratory funded Lockheed and Boeing demonstrators for the Speed Agile concept, which had the goal of making a STOL aircraft that can take off and land at speeds as low as on airfields less than 2,000 ft (610 m) long and cruise at Mach 0.8-plus. Boeing's design used upper-surface blowing from embedded engines on the inboard wing and blown flaps for circulation control on the outboard wing. Lockheed's design also used blown flaps outboard, but inboard used patented reversing ejector nozzles. Boeing's design completed over 2,000 hours of windtunnel tests in late 2009. It was a 5 percent-scale model of a narrowbody design with a payload. When the AFRL increased the payload requirement to , they tested a 5 percent-scale model of a widebody design with a take-off gross weight and an "A400M-size" wide cargo box. It would be powered by four IAE V2533 turbofans.
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The entire tail assembly pivots at the rear of the fuselage to provide pitch trim. All M20s store fuel in two separate "wet wing" tanks, which are located in the inboard sections of each wing. Fuel is driven from the tank to the injectors or carburetor by an engine-driven pump, backed up with an electric boost pump. For increased power, many M20s also have a ram-air induction system, called the Mooney "Power Boost".
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A Yanmar 2GM20 marine diesel engine, installed in a sailboat. The center pulley is the crankshaft, the lower left one the seawater pump, the upper right one the alternator. The Yanmar 2GM20 is a series of inboard marine diesel engine manufactured by the Japanese company Yanmar Co. Ltd.. It is used in a wide range of sailboats and motorboats. The 2GM20 is out of production and has been superseded by the newer Yanmar 2YM20 series.
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Its inset hinged ailerons were each divided into two sections and small area airbrakes were mounted inboard. A braking parachute was deployed when landing. The metal semi-monocoque fuselage had a forward section which contained the cockpit ahead of the wing leading edge but became markedly slimmer aft, in pod and boom style. The KAI-14 had a 90° butterfly tail with straight tapered surfaces, squared tips and externally mass-balanced elevators.
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The ELC-4 being lifted from its work stand in the SSPF. The ELC-4 in its launch configuration. The Express Logistics Carrier (ELC) is a steel platform designed to support external payloads mounted to the space station starboard and port trusses with either deep space or Earthward views. On STS-133, Discovery carried the ELC-4 to the station to be positioned on the starboard 3 (S3) truss' lower inboard passive attachment system (PAS).
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It had a long span, high aspect ratio, cantilever wing, which was straight tapered and had squared tipss. It was built around a single main spar, with ply covering forward of it to and around the leading edge forming a torsion resistant D-box. Aft of the spar the wing was fabric covered. Inboard of long ailerons, which occupied about half the span, there were Fowler flaps and also mid chord spoilers.
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The inboard end has a stuffing box that prevents water from entering the hull along the tube. Some early stern tubes were made of brass and operated as a water lubricated bearing along the entire length. In other instances a long bush of soft metal was fitted in the after end of the stern tube. Great Eastern had this arrangement fail on her first transatlantic voyage, with very large amounts of uneven wear.
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190 By 1964, Brabham were the only major competitor persisting with outboard suspension. Somewhat unusually, the RA271's front and rear suspension set-ups were identical. These consisted of a double wishbone set-up with inboard coilover spring and damper units. A double wishbone front set-up was fairly common, but the only other team using it on the rear was BRM for their P261 chassis, although this rear suspension was outboard.
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Drum brakes allow simpler adjustment with cable-actuated hand lever mechanisms. The brake is mounted to the rear output shaft of the transfer box. As the transmission brake is mounted inboard of the final drive and its reduction gearing, the brake rotates relatively faster, but with less torque, than a wheel brake. The apparently undersized transmission brake thus has more holding ability than its small size might suggest, but is less suitable for driving loads.
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Garzke & Dulin, p. 326 Heavy anti-aircraft (AA) fire was provided by eight 56-caliber 100 mm B-34 dual-purpose guns in four twin turrets mounted at the aft end of the superstructure with the aft turrets mounted inboard of the forward turrets. They could elevate to a maximum of 85° and depress to -8°. They could traverse at a rate of 12° per second and elevate at 10° per second.
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The trailing edge was spanned with aerofoil section flaps, split into two equal sections. Inboard, these acted as simple flaps; outboard, additionally, as drooping ailerons. The two NACA airfoil sections used in the wing were chosen because they have centres of pressure that vary little with the angle of incidence, which increases when the flaps are deployed. The Wanderlust also had upper surface spoilers hinged on the wing spar at about quarter span.
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Instead of one conventional front radiator, the Lotus 72 featured two, one on each side of the cockpit. Further innovations included torsion bar suspension in place of the widely used coil-springs, and all four brakes mounted inboard to reduce unsprung weight. During its first practice session, the left semi-axle of the car broke, sending Rindt into a spin. The car also proved ineffective in the race; Rindt retired after nine laps.
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She was originally built for the Lake Superior Iron Company in 1892, but the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company became her owner after the original owner went into bankruptcy in 1898. Andaste, and her sister ship Choctaw, had an unusual design. They were straight-back steel freighters, similar to whalebacks, but they had straight sides and a conventional bow. This combination meant that from the waterline upward, their sides sloped inboard in a "tumble-home" configuration.
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The rotary disc valve was housed inboard of that cover. In 1969 the ignition system was equipped with a capacitor discharge ignition including thyristor-based switching system then increased the voltage to between 25,000 and 30,000 volts reducing the unburned fuel mixture within the cylinders. Making the A series the first road bikes to be fitted with CDI ignition.Dragbike features, A Look Back In History... The H1 Triple - 1969-1975, CDI system.
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The L55 is only known to have powered two aircraft for certain, the Junkers G 38 early in its career and the Junkers A 32. The first G 38 originally had two L55s inboard plus two L8 engines. The high altitude research Junkers Ju 49 may have used the L55 at the start of its flight programme. The L55 was rapidly replaced by the L88 in both the G 38 and Ju 49.
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WAGR Ec class showing typical application of Vauclain compound system; note connection of both cylinders to crosshead and the valve chamber inboard of the high-pressure cylinder The Vauclain compound was a type of compound steam locomotive that was briefly popular around 1900. Developed at the Baldwin Locomotive Works, it featured two pistons moving in parallel, driving a common crosshead and controlled by a common valve gear using a single, complex piston valve.
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An aerial side view of two s tied up at the Baltimore Fairfield Terminal awaiting scrapping. Inboard is the destroyer ex- and outboard is the ex-. On the north side of the pier is the former U.S. Army N-3 type port repair ship Madison Jordan Manchester, also scheduled for scrapping. The ship was returned to the Maritime Commission and arrived in the James River National Defense Reserve Fleet on 20 August 1947.
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The combustion products expand axially forward through the two-stage (single-stage on early engines) high-pressure turbine section, which is connected to the compressor via the HP shaft. The combustion products continue to expand through the two-stage power turbine which generates shaft horsepower for the aircraft. A coaxial stub shaft connects the power turbine to a compact reduction gearbox, located inboard, between the centrifugal compressor and the exhaust/power turbine system.
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This carried a conventional tail, with an unbraced tailplane and fin bearing unbalanced control surfaces. The pilot's cockpit was below the wing trailing edge with a pair of inboard cut-aways in the trailing edge of the lower wing to improved downward visibility. He controlled a synchronised forward firing Lewis gun and the observer, sitting behind in a separate cockpit, operated a Lewis gun mounted on a Scarff ring. Dual controls were fitted.
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The outer panels were straight tapered to blunt tips, the wing becoming thinner and thus acquiring dihedral though retaining a horizontal upper surface. Ailerons occupied the whole trailing edges of these outer panels; there were no inboard flaps or air brakes. Its wood framed, plywood skinned fuselage was hexagonal in cross section, tapering markedly on its underside towards the tail. The wing was mounted on a pedestal which sloped away aft into the upper fuselage.
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The series all have a draft of with the standard keel fitted. The boat came with an outboard motor provision as standard with the option of an inboard BMW, Volvo Penta or Westerbeke diesel engine powering a saildrive unit. The early versions had the BMW powerplant of , which some owners found underpowered and that led to the Westerbeke engine of being substituted. The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .
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The Orione was a cantilever high-wing monoplane, designed for high performance, competition flying and record breaking. Its wing had a rectangular-plan central piece, occupying about one-third of the span, and outer straight tapered panels with rounded tips. Ailerons occupied the whole trailing edges of these outer panels and were unusual in extending aft beyond the trailing edge of the centre section. There were no inboard flaps or air brakes.
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The later was provided by running the engine exhaust pipes horizontally along the aircraft sides above all the cabin windows, where vents allowed the warm air heated by the outside of the exhaust to flow inboard. Seating for eight passengers was provided. The first flight took place on 7 December 1922 from Schiphol. One characteristic emerged immediately: the plywood panelling of the fuselage made the aircraft vibrate and the cabin extremely noisy.
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Captain Humsjo and his senior officers, 1945. > Moored in Birth Oak 31, St. Johns River Green Cove Springs. Fla. Anchorage > in 14 feet of water, mud bottom with 65 fathoms of chain to bow anchor and > 495 feet of cable to the stern anchor. Nested with LSM (R) type ships: 523, > 530, 533, 520, 534, 535, 536, 531, 522, 528, 521, and 529, moored to our > starboard numbering from inboard to outboard.
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Quattroporte 4200 V8 engine The first generation of the Quattroporte had a steel unibody structure, complemented by a front subframe. Front suspension was independent, with coil springs and hydraulic dampers. Rear suspension used a coil sprung De Dion tube featuring inboard brakes on the first series, later changed to a more conventional Salisbury leaf sprung solid axle with a single trailing link on the second series. On both axles there were anti-roll bars.
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The stabilisers were fitted with fixed slats, with the trailing edges of the slats positioned inside of the fins. The rudders had very narrow horn balances (the amount of rudder or active control surface forward of the rudder-stabilizer hinge) which allowed for better balance, and the trimming tabs extended the full length of the stabilizers trailing edges. The stabilizers also had the Handley-Page leading edge slots installed on the inboard side.
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Slow speed flight was therefore greatly simplified, "and it was possible to bring a Lysander down to land, if not like a lift, at least like an escalator."Verity 1978 p. 15 The inboard slats were connected to the flaps and to an air damper in the port wing which governed the speed at which the slats operated. The outboard slats operated independently and were not interconnected, and each was fitted with an air damper.
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Raeo had a Standard engine that gave her a speed of . She carried sufficient fuel for a cruising radius of at full speed. She was schooner-rigged, and carried of canvas consisting of a foresail, a mainsail, and an inboard jib. She had fresh water tanks with a combined capacity of , enough to last her crew and passengers a month, and an icebox capable of holding a week′s worth of frozen foods.
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The wings carried short span ailerons at the tips and undersurface airbrakes, which could be extended at 90° to the airflow, inboard. The tail surfaces, separated by 110°, had swept leading edges and rounded tips. The airflow-conforming aerodynamics of the fuselage gave it a rather humped back profile, with the dorsal line dropping away aft of the wing to a slender tail. Ahead of the wing the combined canopy-nose line was almost straight.
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Flapper-type check valves, located in the various wing ribs, allow free fuel flow inboard but restrict outboard flow. A jet pump and electrical boost pump are mounted in each wing tank near the centre bulkhead to supply fuel under pressure to the respective engine fuel system. The tip tanks provide additional fuel capacity to enable longer times aloft. A jet pump installed in each tip tank transfers fuel into the wing tanks.
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Behind the spar, which was assisted by an internal diagonal drag strut to the fuselage, the wing was fabric- covered. The high dihedral, inner part of the wing was rectangular in plan but the outer wing was trapezoidal, tapering to rounded tips. The outer wings carried long, narrow-chord, differential Frise ailerons outboard with mid- chord, upper-surface air brakes inboard. The Mewa's fuselage was an oval- section, semi-monocoque, plywood structure.
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51 in) fuselage guns were removed, and the cowling redesigned by omitting the gun troughs and simplifying to a flat profile. Two 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 cannons were installed in the outer wings to complement the 20 mm MG 151s in the inboard positions. Of the 17 Dora-11s delivered, three can be accounted for. One, the best known, was Rote 4 (red 4) of JV 44's Platzschutz unit.
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These piped additional heated air into the gun bays. There was a short tubular intake on the front of the first stack and a narrow pipe led into the engine cowling from the rear exhaust. The VB series were the first Spitfires able to carry a range of specially designed slipper-type drop tanks which were fitted underneath the wing centre-section. Small hooks were fitted just forward of the inboard flaps.
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Access to the aft cabin is through a companionway into the cockpit, or through an interior passageway with full standing headroom. The aft cabin is large, with a centre line double berth, a hanging locker plus other lockers, and private head with shower. There are four opening ports and an opening hatch for light and ventilation. The passageway forward has a workbench outboard (or optionally two sea berths) and engine access inboard.
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Hawk Fighters: Five Hawk fighter jets have been based in Labuan. Attack Helicopters: Six armed scout attack helicopters, the MD-530G, will be delivered between Sept 2016 to March 2017. The Malaysian Army's Air Corp will be the launch customer of these new helicopters, which have a top speed of 240 km/h and will be installed with advanced avionics, forward looking infrared sensor, guided and unguided rockets, and inboard .50 caliber machine guns.
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The first mass production use of the modern automotive disc brake was in 1955, on the Citroën DS, which featured caliper-type front disc brakes among its many innovations. These discs were mounted inboard near the transmission, and were powered by the vehicle's central hydraulic system. This model went on to sell 1.5 million units over 20 years with the same brake setup. The Jensen 541, with four-wheel disc brakes, followed in 1956.
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The original company that made Johnson inboard motors and outboard motors was the Johnson Brothers Motor Company of Terre Haute, Indiana, United States. A few years after the Johnson brothers' factory in Terre Haute was destroyed by a tornado in March 1913, the brothers relocated to South Bend, Indiana and then Waukegan, Illinois. The company was first acquired by Outboard Marine Corporation (OMC) in 1935. OMC filed for bankruptcy on 22 December 2000.
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In addition to modified hub geometry, some rims have off-center spoke holes, and the mounting of common J-bend spokes at the hub flange can be altered "inboard" or "outboard". A truing stand or a dishing gauge, can be used to measure the position of the rim relative to the hub. Thus "dishing" is also used to describe the process of centering the rim on the hub, even in the case of symmetrical wheels.
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Now most ships have an internal combustion engine using a slightly refined type of petroleum called bunker fuel. Some ships, such as submarines, use nuclear power to produce the steam. Recreational or educational craft still use wind power, while some smaller craft use internal combustion engines to drive one or more propellers, or in the case of jet boats, an inboard water jet. In shallow draft areas, hovercraft are propelled by large pusher-prop fans.
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The space saved was used to add another inboard longitudinal watertight bulkhead that greatly improved her underwater protection.McLaughlin, pp. 344–45 Her turrets were modified to use a fixed loading angle of 6° and fitted with more powerful elevating motors which increased their rate of fire to two rounds per minute. Their maximum elevation was increased to 40° which extended their range to and they were redesignated as MK-3-12 Mod.
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The trailing edge of each outer panel carried three equal span ailerons. The outer one, together with that on the other wing, acted as differential ailerons but the inner pair also served as camber changing flaps. There is some doubt whether or not the wing was fitted with inboard upper surface airbrakes; these may have been added as a result of test flying. The Obs had a rectangular section, steel tube framed, fabric covered fuselage.
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Apollo 13 launches from Kennedy Space Center, April 11, 1970 The mission was launched at the planned time, 2:13:00 pm EST (19:13:00 UTC) on April 11. An anomaly occurred when the second-stage, center (inboard) engine shut down about two minutes early. This was caused by severe pogo oscillations. Starting with Apollo 10, the vehicle's guidance system was designed to shut the engine down in response to chamber pressure excursions.
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The hull and other parts were built with molded headliners to streamline production. Early boats were all fitted with a tiller, but later ones had a wheel steering as optional. The boat has a draft of with the standard keel and with the optional shoal draft wing keel. The boat was originally fitted with an outboard motor well, but some later ones were equipped with inboard Universal Atomic 4 gasoline or Universal diesel engines.
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The AT-3 is a low-wing monoplane with a straight wing and a conventional slab tailplane. The AT-3 has five weapon mounts (one centerline, two inboard underwing, two outboard underwing) and wingtip launch rails. There are two Zero-zero Martin-Baker 10 ejection seats in the tandem dual-control cockpit of production models. The rear seat (the Instructor position) is elevated 30 cm to allow better over-the-nose visibility.
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26-31 As Matra was now a Chrysler affiliate and Tyrrell derived much of its income from Ford and Elf (associated with Renault) the partnership ended. Ken Tyrrell bought March 701 chassis as an interim solution while developing his own car for the next season. The new wedge-shaped Lotus 72 was a very innovative car featuring variable flexibility torsion bar suspension, hip-mounted radiators, inboard front brakes and an overhanging rear wing.
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The fuselage was of broadly conventional layout, having a two-crew cabin at the front, a bomb bay underneath the centre and a conventional tail with remote rear gun barbette. The mid-mounted wing was straight and of two different, untapered sections. The inboard sections had a deep chord front to back and were thick enough to house the main landing gear. They ended at wing-mounted nacelles which housed the powerplants.
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The wing modifications included Krueger flaps outboard of the outboard engines, lowering take-off and landing speeds—thus shortening runway length requirements—and a thickened inboard leading edge section, with a slightly greater sweep. This modification increased the top speed over the .Frawley, Gerald. "Boeing 720". The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003/2004. Fishwick, Act: Aerospace Publications, 2003. . It had four Pratt & Whitney JT3C-7 turbojet engines producing each.Donald, David, ed.
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Gunston and Gilchrist 1993, pp. 73–74. The wing of the Valiant used a "compound sweep" configuration, devised by Vickers aerodynamicist Elfyn Richards.Barfield Air International September 1992, p. 158. Richards found that it would be advantageous to increase the sweep on the inboard section of the wing, a discovery which he later patented; the Valiant's wing had 37° sweepback for the inner third of the wing, which reduced to 21° at the tips.
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It thinned to 75 mm forward of the casemates all the way to the bow. The casemates were also protected by a transverse bulkhead from axial fire as well as a 25 mm screen between each casemate. Behind the side armor was an inboard longitudinal splinter bulkhead that was thick, but the casemates had their own separate 25 mm splinter bulkhead.McLaughlin, pp. 234–35 The main gun turrets had sides thick with 125 mm roofs.
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The engine and gearbox were situated at the front and a limited slip differential at the rear. The 6 was fitted with four disc brakes, with the rear ones inboard, to reduce unsprung weight. The 6 has De Dion tube at the rear and it has independent front corners, the gearbox was also located in the front. Two different 5-speed gearboxes were available: one with a "normal" layout, the other with "dog-leg" layout.
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There is also zero dihedral. Full span control surfaces are fitted, flaps inboard and proportionally moving ailerons outboard. The ailerons are balanced not by the usual horn or hinge line extensions but by small surfaces which project beyond the wingtips. Unusually, both ailerons and flaps are coupled to the elevator position; this camber changing control system, together with the highly symmetric wing, produces the same control characteristics for normal and inverted manoeuvres.
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The suspension was completely redesigned, bringing the front suspension inboard, using pushrods, and replacing the De-Dion rear axle with a lighter, fully independent, double- wishbone layout with new coil/damper units. Additional chassis modifications resulted in a 25% increase in torsional stiffness."Caterham Sevens, from conception to CSR", by Chris Rees The CSR was released in October 2004, with a Cosworth Duratec engine and is currently available from the factory in either or form.
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At the rear tetragonal plan, mid-mounted tailplanes with marked dihedral carried vertical endplate fins which, with their rudders, were roughly oval in profile. The trailing edges of broad chord elevators were slightly curved, with inboard trim tabs. A retractable tailwheel was positioned just ahead of the tailplane leading edge. The first prototype, the VM-16, was crewed by just a pilot and navigator/gunner/bomb-aimer, seated alongside but facing rearwards.
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Bench seat stanchions were moved inboard to reduce bending stress in the seat frames, allowing them to be lighter. When configured as two- and three- person benches, the Easy Out Roller Seats could be unwieldy. Beginning in 2001, second and third row seats became available in a 'quad' configuration – bucket or captain chairs in the second row and a third row three-person 50/50 split "bench" — with each section weighing under .
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Therefore, some aircraft have been modified to fly solo from the right seat. In unmodified aircraft, the pilot flying on the left of the leader has to fly in two pilot configuration. The two inboard drop tanks of Surya Kiran Kiran Mk 2 aircraft have been modified to carry color dye for generating smoke. Diesel is used for generating white smoke and colored dye is mixed with diesel to generate colored smoke.
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Since then power boats have been used as run-abouts and for racing, as well as for water- skiing. Both inboard and outboard engines are used. The British Power Boat Company built many power boats between 1927 and 1946 including Miss Britain III and PT9 that became the basis of Motor Torpedo Boats and the US PT boats during the Second World War. The power speed record rose from in 1930 to in 1939.
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Edmund E. Anderson and Bill Reddig styled the new model with a "dramatic reverse-sloped C-pillar" as well as borrowing the Nash-Healey's Pinin Farina-designed inboard, grille-mounted headlamps. For the 1957 model year the Rambler was established as a separate marque. The 1957 Rambler Rebel debuted as a special model in the Rambler line showcasing AMC's big new V8 engine. The Rebel became the first factory-produced lightweight muscle car.
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This had tandem seats, accessed via a starboard side door. The wings were built around two conventional transverse spars, unusual only in becoming deeper between the outer boundary of the centre section and the inboard limit of the narrow chord outer sections. The latter carried ailerons over the whole of its trailing edges. The longitudinal spars of the "side wings", acting as booms, slipped into slots cut into the transverse wing spars.
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The wing tips are glass fibre (GRP). Schempp-Hirth type airbrakes are placed aft of the main spar, just inboard of the ailerons. The fixed surfaces of the trapezoidal plan, 100° butterfly tail are also ply covered, as are the trim tabs on the otherwise fabric covered control surfaces. The fuselage of all the Uribel variants is largely ply covered, elliptical in cross section though becoming slimmer and closer to circular aft.
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The cabin has been designed to accommodate people from 1.55 m (5 ft 1 in) tall to 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) tall. The interior also incorporates an additional central screen, allowing the passenger to view information that would normally only be visible to the driver. The car features inboard front springs and dampers and replaceable GRP body panels, which are intended to reduce repair costs in the event of an accident.
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The MK-4 turrets had 100 mm faces and 65 mm sides. Their barbettes were 100 mm in thickness, but reduced to 65 mm on their inboard sides. 100 mm of armor protected the faces, sides and backs of the MZ-14 turrets for the 100 mm guns, but their roofs and barbettes were 100 mm thick. The forward conning tower had walls 425 mm thick while the rear conning tower had only .
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Over time the design, of both the oars and the blades, has significantly changed. Typically, the oars part that is inboard of the rowlock stayed the same length but the outboard part got shorter. The different lengths of the oars affect both the energy that the rower has to put in as well as the performance, in terms of speed of the rowboat. A short oar makes quick but short strokes possible.
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The wraparound taillights projected light sideward, not rearward. By mid-year, Dodge made auxiliary taillights available at extra cost through its dealer network. However, these large round lights were mounted near the inboard side of the reverse fins and aggravated the already awkward styling.1961 Chrysler Corporation Passenger Car Parts Catalogue, PLC 8-55 The 1961 automobile market was generally an off-year for automobile sales, and Dodge production went down to 269,367 units, of which 142,708 were Darts.
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Subaru FF-1 G 4WD Wagon The Subaru FF-1 G (also sold as the 1100 and 1300) was a compact car from the 1970s, replacing the FF-1 Star. It was a front-wheel drive vehicle with a typical Subaru EA61 or EA62 flat-4 engine. A fully independent torsion bar suspension and rack and pinion steering were impressive for the time. The inboard front drum brakes were an oddity for this base level car.
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A more powerful variant of the Orpheus engine was also used, while the length of the forward fuselage area was increased, and the tail surfaces were enlarged. The inboard ailerons of the fighter variant were reconfigured to an arrangement of outboard ailerons and conventional flaps. On 7 January 1958, an initial contract for 14 pre-production Gnat trainers was issued.Willis 2008, p. 53. On 31 August 1959, the prototype Gnat Trainer conducted its maiden flight from Chilbolton airfield, Hampshire.
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The PBI also sloped downward toward the bow and was similarly reinforced to form an armored glacis. The Dantons had an internal anti-torpedo bulge deep along the side of the hull below the waterline. It was backed by a torpedo bulkhead that consisted of three layers of 15-millimeter armor plate. Inboard of the bulkhead were 16 watertight compartments, 12 of which were normally kept empty, but the 4 abreast the boiler rooms were used as coal bunkers.
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Avro Vulcan XH558 taking off at the 2008 Farnborough Airshow One of the first operational aircraft to utilise elevons was the Avro Vulcan, a strategic bomber operated by the Royal Air Force's V-force. The original production variant of the Vulan, designated as the B.1, did not have any elevons present; instead, it used an arrangement of four inboard elevators and four outboard ailerons along its delta wing for flight control.Pilot's Notes pt. 1, ch.
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Brakes were by Girling, with disks at the front and disks mounted inboard at the rear. Dunlop tires were mounted on Dunlop knock-off wire wheels. Steering was by a BMC rack-and-pinion unit with 2.5 turns lock-to-lock. The interior had two bucket seats and was trimmed in carpet. The dash, designed for either left- or right-hand drive builds, had Stewart-Warner gauges, including a 200 mile-per-hour speedometer and a 10,000 RPM tachometer.
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The H.26 had a fuselage built around four metal tube, cross-braced longerons, enclosed within metal formers and stringers to shape it into an oval cross- section. Behind him the fuselage tapered to the broad chord fixed tail surfaces. The mid-fuselage tailplane, which had a strongly swept leading edge, carried round tipped elevators that narrowed inboard. The vertical tail was oval shaped, with a broad chord rudder that ended at the top of the fuselage.
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The peniche itself affects the fluid dynamics around the half-model. It increases the local angle of attack on an inboard wing, while having no influence on an outboard wing.Melber-Wilkending, Stefan and Georg Wichmann. "Project ForMEx — A New CFD Approach for Transposition of Wind Tunnel Data Towards Flight Conditions", from New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics VI. Cameron Tropea, Suad Jakirlic, Hans-Joachim Heinemann, Rolf Henke, Heinz Hönlinger eds. pp. 113-120. 2006.
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The lift struts, a pair on each side, sloped up to the wing from low on the hull. The wing was supported over the fuselage with steel inverted V cabane struts. There was a generous cut-out in the trailing edge centre section to improve the view from the single open cockpit. Outboard, there were broad chord ailerons and below the wings a pair of stabilising floats mounted on N type struts and braced inboard by another parallel pair.
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Apart from the upper portion of the fin, which was composed of wood for its insulating properties, the tail unit was an all-metal, stressed-skin unit. Rivets were used to attach the sections.Flight 1948, p. 430. Gloster E.1/44, equipped with the revised tail unit, circa 1949 The centre-section of the wing, which accommodated the flaps, inboard air brakes and main undercarriage, was a single-spar stressed-skin structure, with an auxiliary rear spar.
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Sumrall, pp. 118–19 The Iowas were outfitted with four screws: the outboard pair consisting of four- bladed propellers in diameter and inboard pair consisting of five-bladed propellers in diameter. The propeller designs were adopted after earlier testing had determined that propeller cavitation caused a drop in efficiency at speeds over . The two inner shafts were housed in skegs to smooth the flow of water to the propellers and improve the structural strength of the stern.
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Their barbettes were given 6 in of armor plating on the outboard sides and 4 in inboard. The casemates for the 7-inch guns were 7 in thick and below the gun ports, the casemates reduced slightly to 6 in. For the last four ships, the savings in weight gained by reducing the thickness of the belt were used to increase the lower casement armor to 7 in. Those for the 3-inch guns were 2 in thick.
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Above , the power is not "chopped" and is instead applied directly to the traction motors. Primary dynamic braking is accomplished by running the traction motors as generators and dissipating the electricity generated through two brake resistor grids; a friction brake consisting of a single inboard disc brake per axle is blended with the dynamic braking as needed. The friction brake alone is sufficient to hold a fully loaded SLRV (with 219 passengers) on a 9° slope.
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Inboard front brakes (as well as independent suspension) reduced unsprung weight. Different front and rear track widths reduced the unequal tyre loading, which is well known to promote understeer, typical of front-engined and front-wheel drive cars. As with all French cars, the DS design was affected by the tax horsepower system, which effectively encouraged smaller engines. Unlike the Traction Avant predecessor, there was no top-of-range model with a powerful six-cylinder engine.
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The steerboard on the Gokstad ship in the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo, Norway, is about wide, completely flat inboard and with about a maximum width at the center of the foil. The head of the rudder shaft had two square holes about apart. When the rudder was in its normal position the tiller was inserted in the upper hole so that the tiller faced athwartwise. The shaft was attached to the gunwale by a U shaped joint.
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Turbomeca owned two Rockwell Turbo Commander aircraft, and arranged for Miles Aircraft to modify each of them to accept two podded Astafan engines inboard of the nacelles. The nacelles were stripped of their turboshaft engines, and converted to carry extra fuel. One of the Turbo Commanders, a model 680V-TU, originally bore the experimental registry F-WSTM, and was later redesignated F-BSTM. The other Turbo Commander, F-BXAS, was either a 690A or B model.
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The liner's interior was completely gutted to allow for replacement of the original machinery and the addition of a hangar deck and workshops. Deep bulges were added to either side of the hull to improve stability and provide a modest degree of torpedo defense. A layer of reinforced concrete— thick—was applied inboard of the bulges for splinter protection. The hull was also lengthened to take advantage of the increased power of Aquila′s new machinery.
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The accident aircraft was a Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation, registration YV-C-AMS, and named Rafael Urdaneta, under the command of Captain Luis F. Plata. The plane departed New York at approximately 11:15 p.m. on June 19. At 12:20 a.m. on June 20, some 250 miles east of Norfolk, Virginia, Captain Plata reported that the #2 propeller— the inboard propeller on the port (left) wing— was overspeeding, and radioed his intent to return to Idlewild.
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This allowed for a better integrated rear end that was much stiffer than before, according to designer Leo Ress. The front suspension remained similar to the older car with inboard transverse coil spring/damper units actuated by push rods. The brakes were Brembo and tyres were switched from Michelin to Goodyear. The 5 litre, twin-turbo Mercedes-Benz M119 engine was retained from the older car and was sourced directly from the Mercedes engine facility at Untertürkheim.
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Geared Parsons cruise turbines were fitted to the inboard propeller shafts and the outer high-pressure turbines were replaced. The four aft 138 mm guns were removed and their casemates plated over. The four 75 mm mle 1918 AA guns were replaced by eight Canon de 75 mm modèle 1922 AA guns and the torpedo tubes were removed. A new DCT was installed as were a pair of anti-aircraft directors fitted with 2-metre rangefinders.
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Flight 6 October 1938 p.302 The F.K.57 was a gull-winged monoplane with a fixed undercarriage, twin tail and cabin for four. The section of wing inboard of the undercarriage had spars which were an integral part of the fuselage structure. Though the wing root was at the bottom of the fuselage, these inner sections had strong dihedral so that the outer parts of the wings, beyond undercarriage and engines, were at a mid-wing position.
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This sequence of consecutive failures caused the inboard engine and pylon to break free. Its trajectory after breaking off the wing caused it to slam into the outboard engine and rip it and its pylon off the wing. Serious damage was also caused to the leading edge of the right wing. Both loss of hydraulic power and damage to the right wing prevented correct operation of the flaps that the crew later tried to extend in flight.
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The drive unit transmits power from the inboard engine, generally mounted above the waterline, outboard through the transom and downward to the propellers below the waterline. The propellers lie about 27 inches further forward than the props of a Duoprop and move from an exposed position beyond the transom to underneath the hull, away from people in the water. This causes the thrust to be multi-directional rather than bi-directional. The exhaust exits under the water.
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As the rocket rapidly lost mass, total acceleration including gravity increased to nearly 4 g at T+135 seconds. At this point, the inboard (center) engine was shut down to prevent acceleration from increasing beyond 4 g. When oxidizer or fuel depletion was sensed in the suction assemblies, the remaining four outboard engines were shut down. First stage separation occurred a little less than one second after this to allow for F-1 thrust tail-off.
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Coles, in collaboration with Sir Edward James Reed, went on to design and build , the first seagoing warship to carry her guns in turrets. Laid down in 1866 and completed in June 1869, it carried two turrets, although the inclusion of a forecastle and poop prevented the guns firing fore and aft. Inboard plans of . The gun turret was independently invented by the Swedish inventor John Ericsson in America, although his design was technologically inferior to Coles'.
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The long exhaust pipe sweeps straight back horizontal near the ground, unlike the upswept exhaust that would become characteristic of later bikes. The stepped chainrings are also quite evident, as the larger off-road ring is nearly twice the diameter of the road ring. This large sprocket also required the left rear shock absorber to be repositioned outboard of the swingarm, on an extended top mount, the right side remaining in its normal C100 position inboard of the swingarm.
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Each half-wing were built around a straight main spar at about 33% chord and an auxiliary spar at 70% chord. All wing surfaces were plywood covered. The wings were braced with a single strut on each side, joining the lower fuselage to the main spar towards the end of the inner panel. The inner panels carried inboard landing flaps and beyond them, Göppingen-type spoilers, mounted just ahead of the spar, which opened above and below the wings.
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MacPherson's design replaced the wishbone with a simpler and cheaper track control arm, with a single inboard joint, to control the track. Forward and backward position was controlled through the anti-roll bar. Overall this required a simpler and cheaper set of suspension members than with wishbones, also allowing a reduction in unsprung weight. As the anti-roll bar is required to control wheel position, the bars of a MacPherson strut suspension may be connected through ball joints.
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The boat is fitted with an inboard diesel engine. The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of . The factory-supplied standard equipment included a 110% genoa, two self-tailing two-speed jib sheet winches, double lifelines, a teak and holy cabin sole, dinette table, navigation table, stainless steel sink, hot and cold pressurized water system, a two-burner stove, an icebox, an anchor and life jackets. A spinnaker was a factory option.
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The massive main wing sat on top of the twin fuselages, located behind the fore wing and approximately two-thirds of the way towards the twin tails of the craft. The main wing was designed to internally house the passengers and crew. There were four vertical stabilizers, two attached to each of the fuselage sections and two just inboard from the wingtips. A small cockpit protruded from the center of the main wing between the two fuselages.
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The front wheels of the Iso Rivolta 300 are suspended by linkages of uneven length with a sway bar. The rear wheels are attached with twin trailing arms using a De Dion axle located by parallel radius arms with a transverse Watt's linkage along with a Salisbury limited slip differential. Coil springs and telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers are fitted to all four wheels. The Dunlop brakes are servo assisted and are fitted to all four wheels inboard.
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Auxiliary diesel yacht engine Cruising yachts have an auxiliary propulsion power unit to supplement the use of sails. Such power is inboard on the vessel and diesel, except for the smallest cruising boats, which may have an outboard gasoline motor. Target shaft horsepower for the engine per unit of displacement is related to hull speed per square root of waterline length all to the third power. Choice of engines is also a function of target propeller speed at cruise.
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Paddle-Wheel Inboard. Salem, Massachusetts: The American Neptune, Inc. During the Civil War, he made a total of CSA$11,000, which he managed to turn into material assets by the end of the war to avoid losing everything in the collapsing government. Near the end of the war, the Confederates saw the strategic value of the Ocklawaha River and hired Hart to clear it of all debris and navigation hazards for a price of CSA$4500.
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Also available were the DOHC four-cylinder 16-valve CBX750, CBX650, CBX550, CBX400 and the single-cylinder CBX250. The CBX550 and CBX400 featured inboard disc brakes that were designed to mitigate problems caused by wet-weather braking. The CBX550 had two internally ventilated cast iron disks up front with inside-out dual piston calipers and a single enclosed disk system in the rear. The very similar CBX400 made do with an enclosed single disc in the front.
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There are long span, short chord slotted flaps inboard, mid-chord airbrakes and tips finished with small "salmon" fairings. Both designs have plywood skinned fuselages, though that of the 901 is longer in the nose where the cockpit has an extended, single piece canopy. The first two 901s built retained the curved vertical tail of the 900 but the third had a straight topped shape with a rudder that was straight edged except at the heel.
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It appears on page 53 of "The Paper Airplane Book: The Official Book of the Second Great International Paper Airplane Contest" published in 1985 by Science Magazine. Its twin contra- rotating blades automatically spin on paper axles upon launch to provide lift. As noted above (see entry, Paper Pilot), E.H. Mathews developed a flight- stable paper model helicopter. This has a ring wing, and flaps for adjusting for flight for stability, positioned on the inboard edge of the ring.
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But with a heavily revised aerodynamics and suspension system the T400 baffled and perplexed teams. The radiators were mounted in front of the rear wheels, as part of the mandatory deformable structure, so the aerodynamics could be significantly cleaner. However, the key difference was designer Eric Broadley's adoption of rising rate suspension, with rocker arms and inboard springs, both front and rear. This would, eventually, prove very successful but at first nobody really understood how to make it work.
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The F9 is a variant of the Jodel D9. Falconar indicated that it incorporates a larger cockpit, simplified fittings, shoulder harnesses and aerodynamic improvements to improve stall characteristics. Hans Teijgeler of Jodel.com says that the F9A varies from the D9 by using a new wing design, with new simplified spar and rib design and the dihedral point moved inboard, allowing the outer portion to fold for ground transport or storage, but at the cost of added weight.
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In the early 1960s there was a variant made called the "Pacific Thunderbird" designed by Naval Architect Ben Seaborn, the original designer of the Thunderbird class. The sail logo was the Thunderbird logo inside a large letter P. It was a scaled-up version to a LOA of . It was made in Japan of fiberglass covered plywood. It had a fixed keel with a depth of about , a beam of about , a self-bailing cockpit, and an inboard engine.
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The first prototype made its first flight in early January 1918 while powered by a Gnome Monosoupape 9N rotary engine, the same engine used in the Nieuport 28. The second prototype first flew in late January 1918 with the slightly more powerful Le Rhône 9R. This aircraft had a revised wing whose inboard trailing edges were cut away and an elongated fin. On 1 May 1918 the second prototype was rejected in favour of the Monosoupape powered model.
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The all-wood B-38 had a cantilever gull wing built around two spars and covered with stress-relieving plywood. The mass balanced ailerons were assisted by Flettner tab and, inboard of them, Fowler flaps filled the remaining 2/3 of the span. The glider's fuselage was a ply-covered, semi-monocoque structure of oval cross-section. Its single seat cockpit, which included blind flying instrumentation, was enclosed and had a long dorsal fairing behind it.
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The Z.1010 was a wooden monoplane with a high wing of elliptical plan and a high aspect ratio of 9.0. On each side a pair of V-form lift struts ran from the lower fuselage to the two wing spars, assisted by jury struts. There were flaps inboard of short span ailerons. The tail surfaces were conventional and curved in profile, with a rudder that ran down to the base of the fuselage between split elevators.
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High speed required fine ends, which were not especially buoyant, and the amount of space needed amidships for machinery precluded moving the main turrets further inboard. Not having to worry about a displacement limit allowed Capps the option of deepening the hull, which helped to some extent. He added a forecastle to allow for better seakeeping and to make room for officers' quarters and restored the full height of the hull aft. The problem itself, however remained.
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The LFU 205 was intended as an experimental aircraft and only one was built. The initial flying programme was to test the constructional methods. Since 1984 it has flown with the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) at Brunswick, Germany. It has been used in a research program into laminar flow aerofoils by fitting a "glove" of the new profile over the wings of the LFU 205 in the central sections inboard of the ailerons on both sides.
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The boat is fitted with an inboard diesel engine. The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of . The U-shaped galley is located at the bottom of the companionway stairs on the starboard side and includes a gimballed two-burner liquid petroleum gas stove and a stainless steel sink with pressurized hot water. The head is located in the bow, just aft of the forward "V"-berth and it includes a shower.
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Nearly all of the iron planking rivets were in their original places. It was possible to survey the original ship, which was found to be long, pointed at either end with tall rising stem and stern posts and widening to in the beam amidships with an inboard depth of over the keel line. From the keel board, the hull was constructed clinker- fashion with nine planks on either side, fastened with rivets. Twenty-six wooden frames strengthened the form.
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Uniflite (United Boat Builders) was started in Bellingham, WA, by Art "Papa" Nordtvedt, beloved Father/Grandfather/Great-Grandfather, in October 1957. The first Uniflite boat an all fiberglass 17' outboard. Uniflite soon added a 14', an 18' and a 20' outboard and inboard/outboard boats, followed by a 25' express cruiser followed by a 31' and a 34' boat. Uniflite was the only boat builder exclusively using fire-retardant resins in the production of pleasure boats.
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Slotted ailerons occupy about half the trailing edges and inboard slotted flaps the rest. The flaps can be set to deflections of 0°, 10° or 40° for fast gliding, soaring and landing respectively. When the flaps are down, the ailerons are lowered together by half the flap deflection. DFS-type metal spoilers, which open above and below the wing and can be used to limit speed to the allowed maximum, are mounted behind the rear spar at 68% chord.
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The water-cooled, double- supercharged, inverted V-12 Delage engine drove a large diameter, two blade propeller. Its radiators were in the wing. There were two on each side, one inboard and one outboard, both occupying the full chord and forming the wing skin. An open cockpit was placed a little in front of the trailing edge of the wing, within a narrow dorsal fairing which stretched over half the fuselage, starting close to the nose.
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This innovation helped the F-8's development team win the Collier Trophy in 1956.Bjorkman, Eileen, Gunfighters, Air & Space, November 2015, p.62 Simultaneously, the lift was augmented by leading-edge slats drooping by 25° and inboard flaps extending to 30°. The rest of the aircraft took advantage of contemporary aerodynamic innovations with area-ruled fuselage, all-moving stabilators, dog-tooth notching at the wing folds for improved yaw stability, and liberal use of titanium in the airframe.
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The F11 is a variant of the Jodel D11. Falconar indicated that it incorporates a larger cockpit, simplified fittings, shoulder harnesses and aerodynamic improvements to improve stall characteristics. Hans Teijgeler of Jodel.com says that the F11 varies from the D11 by using a new wing design, with new simplified spar and rib design and the dihedral point moved inboard, allowing the outer portion to fold for ground transport or storage, but at the cost of added weight.
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The problem of clearance for hot rotor apexes passing between the axially closer side housings in the cooler intake lobe areas was dealt with by using an axial rotor pilot radially inboard of the oils seals, plus improved inertia oil cooling of the rotor interior (C-W , C. Jones, 5/8/63, , M. Bentele, C. Jones. A.H. Raye. 7/2/62), and slightly "crowned" apex seals (different height in the center and in the extremes of seal).
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The 246 SP used a 5 speed transaxle designed by Engineer Giorgio Salvarani, similar to that used in the 156 F1. It was mounted to the rear of the car, behind the engine. It integrated in a compact package 5 straight cut, non-synchromesh forward gears, one reverse gear, a hydraulically-actuated multi-plate clutch, a ZF-style limited slip differential and mountings for inboard disc brakes. This transmission was shared among all Dino SP series cars.
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All twenty-five of her old boilers were replaced by a dozen oil- fired boilers originally intended for the Izmail. The space saved was used to add another inboard longitudinal watertight bulkhead that greatly improved her underwater protection.McLaughlin, pp. 342–44 Her original Pollen Argo Clock mechanical fire-control computer was upgraded with a copy of a Vickers Ltd fire-control computer, designated AKUR by the Soviets, as well as a copy of a Sperry stable vertical gyroscope.
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Certain modern vehicles have height adjustable suspension in order to improve aerodynamics and fuel efficiency. Modern formula cars that have exposed wheels and suspension typically use streamlined tubing rather than simple round tubing for their suspension arms to reduce aerodynamic drag. Also typical is the use of rocker arm, push rod, or pull rod type suspensions that, among other things, place the spring/damper unit inboard and out of the air stream to further reduce air resistance.
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The interior of the cockpit was covered in fully moulded seat and trim sections, making it exceptionally comfortable and roomy. The rear suspension incorporated twin radius arms, parallel links, Armstrong adjustable dampers, and fully adjustable spherical bearings throughout. The front suspension was a double-wide-based wishbone design with Armstrong adjustable dampers and fully adjustable spherical bearings throughout. The coil spring units for both front and rear were mounted inboard with "Bowin variable rate spring control".
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It was built around a single spar with ply covering from it around the leading edge forming a torsion-resistant D-box. Behind the spar the wing was mostly fabric covered. In plan there was a rectangular centre section that filled about 40% of the span and tapered outer panels tapering to elliptical tips. The ailerons initially filled about 45% of the span and reached the tips, though they were later extended inboard almost to the centre section.
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Recreational or educational craft still use wind power, while some smaller craft use internal combustion engines to drive one or more propellers, or in the case of jet boats, an inboard water jet. In shallow draft areas, hovercraft are propelled by large pusher-prop fans. Although slow, modern sea transport is a highly effective method of transporting large quantities of non-perishable goods. Commercial vessels, nearly 35,000 in number, carried 7.4 billion tons of cargo in 2007.
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The wing planform was strongly double straight tapered, mostly on the trailing edge where ailerons occupied almost half the span. These were split into two nearly equal sections and acted differentially. Parallel ruler type airbrakes were placed a little inboard of the ailerons, at mid-chord. Near the roots the airfoil section was NACA 4514; further out this was tapered into the symmetric NACA 0012 of the tips, which had 4° of washout to prevent tip stalling.
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The tailplane had a straight leading edge inboard, then curved; it could be adjusted in incidence on the ground but not in the air. Its elevators were unbalanced and divided to allow rudder movement. The undercarriage was a simple single axle design using rubber shock absorbers, with the main legs attached to the lower longerons at the same points as the lift struts and braced to the most forward fuselage frame. It was completed with a tail skid.
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Some jet aircraft have a degree of crescent shaping, like the inboard section of the Boeing 737. As an aircraft enters the transonic region close to the speed of sound, the acceleration of air over curved areas can cause the flow to go supersonic. This generates a shock wave and creates considerable drag, known as wave drag. The increase in drag is so rapid and powerful that it gives rise to the concept of a sound barrier.
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An internal drag strut ran from the inboard spar to the fuselage and the area ahead of this spar was also ply covered. The rest of the wing was fabric covered. The inner part of the wing plan was rectangular but the outer panels tapered to rounded tips. Long span ailerons were mounted at an angle to the main spar and had constant chord over most of their length but tapered on reaching the inner part.
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Upon touchdown, both the inboard and outboard roll spoilers extend in unison to aid in destroying lift created by the wing. Each wing also includes two ground spoilers which only extend on touchdown. Most of the trailing edge is spanned by a complex, double Fowler flap arrangement for high lift at low speed. During a typical STOL landing, flaps are selected to the 45° position, generating more lift and drag, thus allowing for steeper descents and slower approach speeds.
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1968 Dart GTS convertible Changes for 1968 were relatively subtle. The park and turn lights in the grille were moved slightly inboard and made round. Side marker lights were added to the front fenders and rear quarter panels, to comply with newly introduced Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108. Shoulder harnesses (separate, this year and until 1973, from the lap belts) and non-glare matte finish on the windshield wiper arms were also part of the 1968 federally mandated safety package.
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The Lutin 80 is constructed from glassfibre/epoxy laminates. It is a mid wing monoplane with straight tapered, square tipped wings, set with 4° of forward sweep at 40% chord and 2° of dihedral. There are upper surface airbrakes near mid chord, inboard of the ailerons. The Lutin has a pod and boom style fuselage with a low set boom aft of the wings and a conventional sailplane forward section with a long, one piece, starboard hinged canopy over the single reclined seat.
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The main battery turrets were protected by armor plate that was thick on the sides and faces of the gun mounts. The armored barbettes that held the turrets, working chambers, and shell rooms were protected with of armor. The casemates for the 15 cm guns were on the outboard side and on the less vulnerable inboard side. The forward conning tower was armored with sides that were thick and contained a thick communications tube; the aft conning tower was less well-protected.
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A classic Hacker-Craft, tender to Christina O A yacht tender is a vessel used for servicing and providing support and entertainment to a private or charter yacht. They include utilitarian craft, powered by oar or outboard motor, and high-speed luxury craft, supporting superyachts, powered by inboard engines, some using water-jets. Some superyachts have a support vessel that follows them with bulky items that are not conveniently stowed aboard the main yacht, such as a helicopter, automobile or larger watercraft.
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While the F-22 typically carries weapons internally, the wings include four hardpoints, each rated to handle . Each hardpoint can accommodate a pylon that can carry a detachable 600-gallon (2,270 L) external fuel tank or a launcher holding two air-to-air missiles; the two inboard hardpoints are "plumbed" for external fuel tanks. The use of external stores degrades the aircraft's stealth and kinematic performance; after releasing stores the external attachments can be jettisoned to restore those characteristics.Pace 1999, pp. 71–72.
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A ducted fan on the E-Fan The E-fan is of all- composite construction and is propelled by two ducted, variable-pitch fans spun by two electric motors totaling 60 kW of power. Ducting increases thrust while reducing noise, and having the fans mounted centrally provides better control. The motors moving the fans are powered by a series of 250-volt Lithium polymer battery packs made by South Korean company Kokam. The batteries are mounted in the inboard section of the wings.
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The pole-sitters move inboard and outboard as needed, allowing the sail to make maximum use of the wind and preventing the boat from capsizing. If wind conditions are right, a second square sail may be added to the front of the boat and the main mast moved slightly to the rear. Sails are brightly colored, with the name of the organization, the boat's owner and the logos and names of sponsors. Clubs field yoles for the Tours des yoles rondes.
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A set of small satellite shifter buttons, called Blips, can be connected to the shift levers or aero shift module (BlipBox) and placed anywhere along the handlebars as part of the system. A maximum of four Blips can be used per bike. The company also took the opportunity to introduce a new shifting convention with this system. The right lever shifts the rear derailleur outboard, the left lever shifts the rear derailleur inboard, and pressing both levers together shifts the front derailleur.
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Duke Playmate underway Duke Boats, Ltd was a manufacturer of wooden inboard runabouts located in Port Carling, Ontario founded in 1924. Duke Boats was founded by Charlie Duke in 1924 under the name Duke & Greavette after Duke had worked for the Disappearing Propeller Boat Company, manufacturer of the Dippy and Ditchburn Boats. He began in partnership with Ernie Greavette, who separated in 1926 to begin his own boat company. Duke took over the Port Carling shop and renamed the company Duke Motor Service.
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The latest in Eurofly's range of light aircraft, the Star Light is a conventionally laid out, single engine, low wing monoplane seating two side by side. It is a kit built ultralight with a fabric covered metal frame, steel in the cockpit area and with alloy fuselage longerons. The wings have constant chord and square tips; inboard flaps are fitted. The fuselage is flat sided, though with a deep rounded decking which merges into the rear of the large, one piece cockpit canopy.
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The standard engine is an outboard in a well (this must not be removed for racing), but a few boats were built with small inboard diesel engines. The prototype was launched in New Zealand in 1982, and since then, over 50 boats have been built to this design. A few were imported into the US in the mid-80's, and several now reside in the Pacific Northwest region. The boat is fractionally rigged, with a conventional spinnaker pole and symmetric spinnaker.
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Captain Griffith had ordered the fitting of a high second rail inboard of the lifeboats to prevent their being rushed in the event of an emergency, but this now hampered the launching of the boats. Further problems were encountered when the ship listed to port then heavily to starboard. Only two lifeboats were launched, of which one was virtually swamped and the other capsized. The ship rolled and sank 12 minutes after hitting the rocks, with the loss of 106 lives.
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Fuel pitch trim Due to its high speeds, large forces were applied to the aircraft during banks and turns, and caused twisting and distortion of the aircraft's structure. In addition there were concerns over maintaining precise control at supersonic speeds. Both of these issues were resolved by active ratio changes between the inboard and outboard elevons, varying at differing speeds including supersonic. Only the innermost elevons, which are attached to the stiffest area of the wings, were active at high speed.
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The Mojo was launched in 2000. It was originally designed around the front-wheel-drive engine and gearbox from a Mk2 Fiesta, but with the whole setup fitted at the rear to give a mid-mounted transverse setup. The Ford CVH engine was standard, but other engines such as Ford Zetec, Toyota 4AGE and Renault 5 GT Turbo were also used. The Mojo used a de dion rear suspension setup combined with another variation on the Sylva inboard front suspension design.
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Some of the leaflets carried war news, but others warned of an impending bombing attack by United Nations forces. Suddenly enemy searchlights lit up the sky, and in a rare night attack, a MiG-15 fighter attacked the B-29, setting its right inboard engine on fire. The bomber shook as the tail gunner responded to the attack. Two more MiGs swept by the bomber, this time hitting the number three and four engines with machine gun and cannon fire.
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Lotus 20 was a Formula Junior car built by Lotus for the 1961 season as a successor to the Lotus 18. 1962 Lotus 20 The chassis was a spaceframe, clothed in fibreglass bodywork. It had front double wishbone suspension, but the rear had a lower wishbone with the driveshaft being fixed length and therefore used as a top link. Originally fitted with Alfin drum brakes at all four corners, it was soon upgraded to discs in front and inboard drums at the rear.
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The UIM Class 1 World Powerboat Championship (also known as Class 1) is an international motorboat racing competition for powerboats organized by the Union Internationale Motonautique (UIM) is the premier class of offshore powerboat racing in the world. Class 1 is considered one of the most spectacular marine motorsports. A Class 1 race-boat has twin inboard 1100hp engines and can reach speeds in excess of 257 km/h (160 mph). All boats are limited by a minimum weight of 4950 kg.
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The convertible top folded away out of sight in a compartment located behind the cockpit. Some component cars were sold as a roadster with no convertible top. The Series 1 had dual wishbone suspension with coil-over remote reservoir dampers mounted inboard, and actuated by "rocker arms". The engine was mounted completely behind the front axle and drove a drive shaft supported in a "torque tube" that spun a 6 speed ZF trans-axle specially modified for the Series 1.
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Long, narrow chord ailerons occupy about half the span; airbrakes are placed immediately inboard of the ailerons at mid-chord. These consist of seven rotating blades on each side which project both above and below the wing when deployed, counter-rotating away on chord-wise axes. The fuselage is a ply shell, ovoid in cross section and built around a series of frames and stringers. The tandem seats are enclosed ahead of the wing leading edge under a starboard hinged, continuous canopy.
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This gem sets new standards, Terry Snelling. Accessed and added 2015-11-02 The machine was noted for its use of inboard ventilated disc brakes, the discs themselves being contained within a "drum" type enclosure. Front suspension was by oil-damped telescopic fork with air assistance and incorporating an anti-dive mechanism in the left fork leg. Rear suspension was by Honda's own "Pro-Link" rising rate system, which allows the suspension forces to vary in accordance with rear wheel movement.
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If USAF pilots expended a Standard they would have to fill out a lengthy form during debriefing. A somewhat standard load for the F-105G was a 650 US gal (2,500 l) centerline fuel tank, two Standards on inboard pylons and two Shrikes on the outboard pylons. The mix varied slightly for jamming pods and the occasional AIM-9 Sidewinder but this was the baseline. The Shrike was involved in a friendly fire incident during an airstrike on Haiphong on 15 April 1972.
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The reference, EFC Design 1060: Illustrations has inboard profile, plan and photographs of sister ships. Cotopaxi, official numberThe number assigned as the United States unique identifier for commercial vessels prior to the adoption of the IMO number system introduced in 1987, and mandatory 1 January 1996, by international treaty. 217270, signal letters LNWH, was registered length, beam with a depth of . The keel was laid 29 August 1918, with launch on 15 November, and delivery to the USSB on 30 November 1918.
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In addition to permanent exhibitions here mentioned the museum annually presents a selected theme connected to the maritime culture. In the wooden shed, opposite the main building, the visitor will find a collection of marine engines, inboard as well as outboard, possibly the most important in Finland. The upper floor of this shed houses an exhibition on summer life in the skerries in bygone days including pleasure boats. The museum trust also publishes a journal concerned with the archaeology and ethnology of boats.
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The whole trailing edge was occupied by control surfaces; the outer panels had elevons outboard and landing flaps inboard and there were further landing flaps on the centre section. Rear control surfaces were assisted by Flettner servo tabs and were ply covered. The seat in the Habicht was strongly reclined and positioned the pilot entirely within the maximum thickness of the central wing profile. In place of a canopy the leading edge near the cockpit was covered on each side in transparent Cellon.
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By 1945, the considerable increase in anti-aircraft armament and their crew accommodations had increased full load displacement to , while crew complement increased to 2,339 with 144 officers and 2,195 enlisted. After the end of World War II, the crew complement was reduced to 1,774.Garzke and Dulin, United States Battleships, 62–56 The North Carolina class hull feature a bulbous bow and had an unusual stern design for the time by placing the two inboard propulsion shafts in skegs.
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In the inner part of the wing the webs were also wooden but the outer parts had duralumin webs which were glued to the flanges. The wing were covered with a double plywood layer to optimize finish and small "salmon" fairings were placed at the tips. Split Frise-type ailerons filled the outer third of the trailing edge. Inboard there were laps intended as airbrakes instead of the more usual spoilers, which allowed two water ballast tanks to be placed in the wings.
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The keel-equipped version of the boat has a draft of , while the centerboard-equipped version has a draft of with the centerboard extended and with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer. The keel version of the boat may be fitted with a diesel or gasoline inboard engine. Alternatively both versions may be fitted with a transom engine mount for a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering. The design has a self- draining cockpit that can seat six.
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The wing was also a big fuel tank which greatly increased range. The study went on for two years. The goal of the cranked arrow was to have a high sweep inboard panel for low drag at supersonic speeds, and a low sweep outboard panel to provide better handling and maneuverability at subsonic speeds. Working closely with NASA's Langley Research Center, the company invested significant Internal Research and Development (IRAD) funds for wind tunnel testing and that led to the Model 400.
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The ship is powered by two Wärtsilä 16V26 diesel engines each developing continuous power. The engines drive two shafts with Lips inboard turning controllable pitch propellers via single reduction gearboxes. Each propeller is 2,500 mm in diameter and functions at 300 rpm. The engines provide a maximum speed of with a range of at a cruising speed of . A Brunvoll FU45 CPP bow thruster, rated at 340 kW with 5.6 t (55 kN) thrust, is fitted for precision manoeuvring and station keeping.
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Voids in the tunnel were filled with expanded polyurethane foam to add even more stiffness and deaden sound. The front suspension used very tall uprights with the wheel spindles on one side and a short stub axle extending inwards on the other. Springing was by vertically mounted coil-over-damper units mounted inboard and operated through rocker-style upper arms. The lower arms were conventional wide-based wishbones made of a one-piece wishbone and long radius arm running back towards the bulkhead.
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The aircraft was composed almost entirely of wood, the limited use of metal being confined to high-stress components, such as the engine bearers and undercarriage, and to complex curved fairings such as the engine cowlings and wing root fairings. The sheet metal parts comprised a lightweight magnesium-aluminium alloy. Manually-actuated split flaps were fitted beneath the wing's inboard rear sections and lower fuselage, while the Frise ailerons were mass-balanced by lead strips within the aileron's leading edges.NACA 1935, p. 4.
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The driveshaft must be extended by several metres of metal rod to properly position the propeller, giving the boat its name and distinct appearance. Advantages to the inboard engine with a long driveshaft include keeping the engine relatively dry. Following the basic design pattern allows a variety of engines to be attached to a variety of different kinds of hulls. This flexibility simplifies construction and maintenance while sacrificing the efficiency and comfort that might be expected of a typical mass-produced product.
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The other unusual and possibly unique wing feature was that the dihedral of the outer panels (there was none inboard) could be varied in flight though large angles (+8.5/-4.4). The intention was to investigate the effects of outer wing dihedral on handling. The wing was set on top of the forward fuselage or pod, which ended just aft of the trailing edge. The pilot's seat was ahead of the leading edge, with a canopy that ran back into the wing.
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This allows different brands of freewheels to be mounted on different brands of hubs. The major disadvantage of the multiple sprocket freewheel design is that the drive-side bearing is located inboard of the freewheel, and as sprockets were added over time, moved the bearing farther from the drive-side axle support. This resulted in more flexing stress being placed on the axle, which can bend or even break. Multiple speed freewheels were common on quality high end bikes until the late 1980s.
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Optional Spyder dash w/Radson tachometer: Offered on non- turbocharged cars. Racing stripes: Run down front fender seams, half on trunk lid and half on fender top for the driver to use as visual reference of lateral movement between car and road, and rear stripes placed inboard of rear fender seams and on engine lid. Tuned length dual muffler: Trombone shape glass pack style mufflers provide enough length for mellow exhaust sound with a free flowing exhaust. Also known as exhaust extractors.
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Additional structural elements replacing the inboard suspension units gave added chassis stiffness. As the supply of BMW V8 engines came to an end a final run of 8 Aero GTs was released with a number of design changes including vents in the front wings, canards at the leading edges and an enhanced rear venturi. The standard carbon fibre hard top added a ventilation bulge at its rear. The GT has adjustable suspension, and is otherwise mechanically identical to the Series 5.
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Like the earlier Disco Volante, the 2000 Sportiva uses a tubular space frame chassis covered by an all-aluminium body, and a front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout. Front suspension was by double wishbones, while at the rear there was a De Dion axle. Brakes were diagonally finned drums, the rears mounted inboard. The engine was a dual overhead camshaft 1997.4 cc (bore 85 mm, stroke 88 mm) inline-four, with a cast iron block, aluminium cylinder head, and hemispherical combustion chambers.
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The vamp is sewn on top of the quarters. (A monk strap boot also fastens with a buckle, but the quarters are sewn on top of the vamp.) The strap is typically in two parts, each attached to the vamp. The buckle end is attached to the inboard side and extends halfway around the ankle, counterclockwise on the right boot. The free end is attached to the outboard side and extends entirely around the ankle, clockwise on the right boot.
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Swift'Lite glider in flight Swift single- seat lightweight motor-glider The Swift (supposedly an acronym for 'Swept Wing with Inboard Flap Trim') was originally conceived as a rigid hang glider with sailplane-like performance. Bright Star Gliders had developed the 1989 U.S. National Hang Gliding Championship winning Odyssey prototype. meanwhile Professor Ilan Kroo and a group of graduate students at Stanford University had developed the Stanford SWIFT design project. When Brian Porter of Bright Star met Stamford student Steve Morris, the projects merged.
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About 1895 the inboard oil engine emerged for small boats. From this, hundreds of small boat engine manufactures set up shop: Bolinder, Gray Marine Engine, Kermath, Union Iron Works, Caille, Palmer, Red Wing, St. Lawrence, and Buda; Sulzer, B and W, Gardner, and Ailsa Craig to mention a few. Two-stroke engines were popular for many years, however, the parallel development of the auto engine, with their many cylinders, became a natural transposition. Chrysler, Ford, Packard, and Hudson also made marine engines.
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The Rysachok programme development began in 2006. It was designed as a twin engine conversion trainer but is now seen more generally as an Antonov An-2 replacement in medical, survey, parachuting, navigator and air engineer training and other light transport roles. The Rysachok is a conventionally laid out low wing, twin engine monoplane. Outboard of the engines the wings have constant chord and blunt wing tips; inboard, the chord increases toward the fuselage via sweep on the trailing edge.
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The Leichflugtechnik-Union (LFU) was a consortium formed by the Bölkow, Pützer and Rhein-Flugzeugbau companies specifically to produce an aircraft built entirely of glass reinforced plastic (grp). The result, the LFU 205 was one of the first all-grp light aircraft. The LFU 205 is a single-engined, low-winged monoplane of conventional appearance apart from slight, 7° forward sweep on the moderately tapered wing. This carries Fowler flaps along the whole trailing edge inboard of the Frise ailerons.
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The non-tapered wing had a carbon fiber spar with a span of and a chord of only , with winglets fitted. The wing incorporated a hand-crank operated retractable Dacron sailcloth flap that was intended to be extended for thermalling and retracted for glides. The flap was of triangular shape and when deployed would extend from the wing root to a point just inboard of the ailerons. The flap retracted by winding around a chrome-moly steel tube located inside the wing.
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He has been an investor and board member at lynda.com (LinkedIn), CNET Networks (CBS Interactive), Brightmail (Symantec), Yodlee (Envestnet), and Days of Wonder (Asmodee). As part of his investment activities in Monterey, Santa Cruz and San Benito counties, Colligan led the formation of Central Coast Angels in late 2013 to provide capital and mentoring to early-stage businesses in the Monterey Bay region. He is an investor in and advisor to PredPol, PayStand, Farmhouse Culture, EdSurge, Wheelhouse, InBoard and Tixr.
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Soon afterwards Lion was hit by a number of shells in quick succession, but only one of these was serious. A shell burst on the nine-inch armour belt abreast the engine room and drove a armour plate about two feet inboard and ruptured the port engine's feedwater tank.Campbell, p. 30 By 10:52 Lion had been hit fourteen times and had taken aboard some of water which gave her a list of 10° to port and reduced her speed.
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In early 2011, Cove formed a consortium with BG Group, Premier Oil and Pan Continental Oil & Gas to participate in the upcoming bidding round in Kenya. Following two successful bid applications, Cove signed Production Sharing Contracts for blocks L10A and L10B, located in deep waters in the Southern portion of the Lamu basin and adjacent to, and inboard of, blocks L5-L7-L11A-L11B-L12. The blocks covered 10,516 km2 (c. 2.6 million acres) and were operated by BG Group.
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Rodeike 1998, p. 381.Caldwell 2007, p.89.Caldwell 1998, p. 421. This model was the basis for the follow-on Focke- Wulf Ta 152 aircraft. ;Fw 190 D-11: Fitted with the up-rated Jumo 213F series engine similar to the Jumo 213E used in the Ta-152 H series but minus the intercooler. Two 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 cannons were installed in the outer wings to complement the 20 mm MG 151s in the inboard positions.
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Of these, 139,769 had the six-cylinder engine. The 1973 model year introduced a hatchback bodystyle based on the 2-door coupe. The front and rear of the Nova were restyled, following a government mandate for vehicles to be fitted with front and rear bumpers capable of absorbing a low-speed impact of . To go along with the bigger bumpers, stylists gave the Nova a new grille with a loosely patterned crosshatch insert and parking lights located inboard of the headlights.
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Maximum speed was at , service ceiling was , and an altitude of could be attained in 14.6 minutes. The P-61C was equipped with perforated fighter airbrakes located both below and above the wing surfaces. These were to provide a means of preventing the pilot from overshooting his target during an intercept. For added fuel capacity, the P-61C was equipped with four underwing pylons (two inboard of the nacelles, two outboard) which could carry four 310 gal (1,173 l) drop tanks.
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The main factors that improve unsprung weight are a sprung differential (as opposed to live axle) and inboard brakes. (The De Dion tube suspension operates much as a live axle does, but represents an improvement because the differential is mounted to the body, thereby reducing the unsprung weight.) Wheel materials and sizes will also have an effect. Aluminium alloy wheels are common due to their weight characteristics which help to reduce unsprung mass. Magnesium alloy wheels are even lighter but corrode easily.
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There have been rare instances of suicide by pilots. Although most air crew are screened for psychological fitness, a very few authorized pilots have flown acts of suicide and even mass murder. In 1982, Japan Airlines Flight 350 crashed while on approach to the Tokyo Haneda Airport, killing 24 of the 174 on board. The official investigation found the mentally ill captain had attempted suicide by placing the inboard engines into reverse thrust, while the aircraft was close to the runway.
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It was powered by two Mikulin AM-34 liquid-cooled V12 engines in close-fitting cowlings driving 3-bladed propellers and cooled by radiators mounted inside the wings inboard of the engines, which were fed by narrow ducts on the leading edge of the wing.Gunston 1995, p. 407.Gunston Tupolev Aircraft since 1922 1995, p. 97. A long (6.5 m (21 ft 4 in)) weapons bay under the fuselage could hold two torpedoes, or a single torpedo or an equivalent weight in bombs.
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The FB.5 retained the Goblin III engine of the F.3, but featured armour protection around engine systems, wings clipped back by 1 ft (30 cm), and longer-stroke main landing gear to handle greater takeoff weights and provide clearance for stores/weapons load. An external tank or 500 lb (227 kg) bomb could be carried under each wing, and eight "3-inch" rocket projectiles ("RPs") could be stacked in pairs on four attachments inboard of the booms.Mason 1965, pp. 3, 12.
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The boat is fitted with a Japanese Yanmar diesel inboard engine for docking and maneuvering. The design has sleeping accommodation for six people, with a bow cabin with a "V"-berth, a "U"-shaped dinette table berth and settee berth and an aft cabin on the starboard side, under the cockpit. The head is located on the port side at the foot of the companionway steps, opposite the galley. The gallery includes a three-burner stove, double sinks and an icebox.
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Yaw rate input at any roll angle generates rudder, fin and fuselage force vectors which dominate the resultant yawing moment. Yawing also increases the speed of the outboard wing whilst slowing down the inboard wing, with corresponding changes in drag causing a (small) opposing yaw moment. N_r opposes the inherent directional stiffness which tends to point the aircraft's nose back into the wind and always matches the sign of the yaw rate input. :::L_\beta Rolling moment due to sideslip.
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Its wing is of blunt tipped, approximately trapezoidal plan but with slightly greater sweep on the centre section leading edges than outboard. It is constructed from two metal spars and stressed aluminium skin. Inboard of the ailerons, which are fabric covered over aluminium alloy frames and mass balanced, there are hydraulically operated split flaps. The horizontal tail, mounted on the top of the fuselage, is also straight tapered with blunt tips but the fin and rudder are more rounded, with a dorsal fillet.
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She was powered by 12 steam turbines driving four propellers: the two inboard took two-thirds of the power, the outboard one-third. For cruising two engines were shut down and the two outboard propellers removed since speed was less important on a cruise. With four propellers, her speed during trials was , although her service speed was claimed to be , making her the fastest ship from England to Canada. Running on inner propellers, her speed was measured during trials at .
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The davits were of a highly efficient double-acting quadrant design, capable of being slung inboard (hanging over the deck) as well as outboard (hanging over the side) to pick up additional lifeboats. The davits aboard Titanic were capable of accommodating 64 lifeboats, though only 16 were actually fitted to them. The collapsibles were also intended to be launched via the davits. Each davit was doubled up, supporting the forward arm of one boat and the after arm of the next one along.
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Disc brakes were used on all four wheels and were mounted inboard on the chassis. The de Dion unit worked with radius rods, which moved the de Dion tube forward. A Panhard rod ensured forward and backward movement of the de Doin tube. Telescopic shock absorbers and coil springs completed the unit. The Lele came with a ZF power steering which was the same unit used by Maserati and 215/70 VP15 Michelin XWX tyres, wrapped in Campagnolo alloy wheels.
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It had a tailskid undercarriage with independently mounted wheels apart. Each wheel was mounted on its own axle, about long and hinged at its inner end to a vertical strut from the inboard fuselage underside and another, outward leaning one above the axle to the centre-section near its edge. A faired vertical leg with a steel tube core from near the edge supported the outer axle end on a rubber shock absorber. Four cables supplied fore-and-aft rigidity.
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Equipped with a double hull, Andrea Doria was divided into 11 watertight compartments. Any two of these could be filled with water without endangering the ship's safety. Andrea Doria also carried enough lifeboats to accommodate all passengers and crew. She carried a total of 16 steel lifeboats, eight positioned on each side of the ship, coming in three different designs; two 58-person launches for emergency use, two 70-person motorboats with inboard radio transmitters, and 12 146-person hand-propelled standard boats.
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The D 150 and D190 diesel engines were sold with either a Hurth 360 transmission for inboard installation or the BMW Z-Drive for stern drive applications. The D190 was later re-engineered, and with a modified Mark II Z-Drive, was sold as the BMW D 636 Z with 180 HP. Following this, a five- cylinder 3.0-litre version of the 3.6-litre six was offered as the BMW D 530. In England, Fairline and Plancraft offered their products with BMW Power.
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The VT250F is a semi-faired, sport bike first produced by Honda in 1982. The motorcycle had a DOHC 4-valve-per-cylinder, 90-degree water-cooled V-twin engine, which significantly reduced primary vibration when compared to inline twin engines used on similar machines. The V-twin engine also allowed the motorcycle to have a low centre of gravity and a low seat height. The front brake was a single inboard ventilated disc that was developed to improve brake performance and feel.
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There were short ailerons near the tips and inboard split flaps. The Caudron C.580 was powered by Renault 4Pei, an air-cooled, four cylinder, inverted in-line engine which produced for take- off. The fuselage was built around four ash longerons, joined horizontally by N-form, spruce trellises and with birch ply sides with spruce stiffeners. The upper fuselage surface was curved and the forward fuselage from the engine firewall to the cabin was partly occupied by the fuel tank.
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Two North American P-51A Mustangs On 23 June 1942, a contract was placed for 1,200 P-51As (NA-99s). The P-51A used the new Allison V-1710-81 engine, a development of the V-1710-39, driving a -diameter three-bladed Curtiss-Electric propeller. The armament was changed to four .50 in (12.7 mm) Browning machine guns, two in each wing, with a maximum of 350 rounds per gun (rpg) for the inboard guns and 280 rpg for the outboard.
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It is an all-metal aircraft, with low cantilever wings of parallel chord built around a single spar carrying 5° of dihedral. NACA single slotted flaps occupy the whole of the trailing edge inboard of the ailerons. The wings attach to a centre section which is integral with the fuselage, a feature intended to help construction in a small space like a garage. The straight tapered fin carries a horn balanced rudder and the constant chord tailplane has a starboard side trim tab.
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The Twin Otter incorporated "flaperons" that drooped the ailerons as part of the flaps, but these were not included in the Dash 7 due to weight and complexity. Instead, the ailerons were reduced in size to allow more flap area, and were augmented with two sets of roll spoilers, or "spoilerons". The inboard roll spoilers operate at all speeds. while the outboard roll spoilers only operate at speeds less than 130 KIAS to allow for more roll control at slower speeds.
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The design engineers said that the GAW-1 airfoil required a rigid structure because it was especially sensitive to airfoil shape, and that use of a flexible surface with that airfoil would make the Tomahawk wing "a new and unknown commodity in stalls and spins." Airworthiness Directive 83-14-08 issued in September 1983 mandated an additional pair of stall strips to be added to the inboard leading edge of the PA-38 wing to "standardize and improve the stall characteristics".
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There was a rectangular centre-section which filled about one quarter of the span and almost triangular outer panels which carried light dihedral and tapered in thickness. Its ailerons occupied about half the trailing edges of the outer panels and increased in chord inboard. Its fuselage was also in three parts, with the engine mountings forward, a central part including the cabin and a rear section supporting the tail; these sections could be easily separated. It was powered by a Renault 4 four- cylinder.
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Inboard brakes were usually found on exotic cars as a medhodnof reducing unstrung weight. For this light weight car it did tha and other benefits such as, this inward placement of the brakes allowed the steering ball joints to be located in the center line of the wheel. Referred to by Subaru as “center point steering” this virtually eliminated any steering reaction when one tire went through slush, water or an object. There was no wheel scrub on turning the wheel right or left.
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This arrangement was the first use of an all-metal stressed-skin construction. The single vertical tail surface was of an "all-flying" design, with no fixed fin, and the entire tail surface structure and covering also consisted of formed sheet steel, much like the wings. The angle of incidence of the stabilizer could be adjusted on the ground. The basic structure of the J 1 was built up around its center fuselage section and the integral inboard stub wing, functioning as the aircraft's wing roots.
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Graphic reconstruction of the pier, boxcars and ships at Port Chicago just before the explosion, with estimates of type and weight of cargo The Liberty ship SS E. A. Bryan docked at the inboard, landward side of Port Chicago's single pier at 8:15 a.m. on July 13, 1944. The ship arrived at the dock with empty cargo holds but was carrying a full load of 5,292 barrels (841,360 liters) of bunker C heavy fuel oil for its intended trip across the Pacific Ocean. At 10 a.m.
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There were ailerons on both upper and lower wings, with flaps inboard on the lower wings which could be folded to assist wing-folding. The pilot and passenger sat in open cockpits, the latter under the upper wing. The pilot's upward view was enhanced by a small cutout in the trailing edge of the top wing. The fuselage had a more rounded cross-section than that of the earlier Viget, Vickers' single-seat entry to the 1923 competition, extending a little below the lower wing.
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The C.430 Rafale was a two-seat development of the single seat Caudron C.362, the winner of the 1933 Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe. Slightly larger and heavier, though with a lower wing loading, the Rafale was a low wing cantilever monoplane, wood framed and covered with a mixture of plywood and fabric. Its one piece, single spar wing was strongly straight tapered to elliptical tips and was plywood covered with an outer layer of fabric. There were flaps inboard of the ailerons.
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Leading edge slats were fitted for increased lift during takeoff and landing, while the trailing edges were mostly elevon control surfaces. Additional pitch trimmers were fitted inboard near the jet exhaust, and were locked upwards on takeoff and landing. The Westinghouse J40 turbojet was the intended powerplant, but Douglas took a conservative view and designed in contingency options for other power plants. The J40 proved troublesome and was eventually cancelled, and the Skyray was fitted instead with the Pratt & Whitney J57, a more powerful but larger engine.
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The -320B, powered by JT3D turbofans The 707-320B had the application of the JT3D turbofan to the Intercontinental, but with aerodynamic refinements. The wing was modified from the -320 by adding a second inboard kink, a dog-toothed leading edge, and curved low-drag wingtips instead of the earlier blunt ones. These wingtips increased overall wingspan by 3.0 ft. Takeoff gross weight was increased to . The 175 707-320B aircraft were all new-build; no original -320 models were converted to fan engines in civilian use.
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To account for these motions, a calibration coil was mounted rigidly on the spacecraft to generate a reference magnetic field during calibrations. The magnetic field at the surface of the Earth has a strength of about 50,000 nT. At Jupiter, the outboard (11 m) set of sensors could measure magnetic field strengths in the range from ±32 to ±512 nT, while the inboard (6.7 m) set was active in the range from ±512 to ±16,384 nT. The MAG experiment weighed and used 3.9 watts of power.
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Like the earlier Starck A.S. 70 Jac single seat light aircraft, the AS-57 was an all wooden machine. The two types were similar in layout, apart from the accommodation, though the AS-57 was larger all round. The wings were straight tapered in plan, with rounded tips. The earliest AS-57 had full span trailing edge control surfaces which could be lowered as flaps and operated differentially at the same time as ailerons, though one later specimen at least had ailerons outboard and separate flaps inboard.
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The boats are constructed using modern composite production techniques such as dual surface vacuum core resin infusion. All materials used are LLoyds / DNV Class Approved, and include carbon composite fibre and E Glass multi-axial non-woven stitched re-inforcings and Vinyl Ester resins. The various models incorporate "open architecture" deck plans that can be configured to perform multi-role tasks in a broad range of operational environments. They can be powered by inboard diesel engines, outboard motors or by transom drives and waterjets.
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Other technological features of the Ro 80, aside from the powertrain, were the four wheel ATE Dunlop disc brakes, which were generally only featured on expensive sports or luxury saloon cars. The front brakes were mounted inboard, reducing the unsprung weight. The suspension was independent on all four wheels, with MacPherson struts at the front and semi-trailing arm suspension at the rear, both of which are space-saving designs commonly used today. Power assisted ZF rack and pinion steering was used, again foreshadowing more recent designs.
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The Lancia Aurelia introduced the front engine rear transmission configuration later used by Ferrari, Alfa Romeo, Porsche, GM, Volvo and Maserati, as well as the V6 engine, which is now common. It had inboard rear brakes, an important way of reducing un-sprung weight. The Lancia Stratos was a successful rally car during the 1970s, and helped the company to improve its sporting credentials. The Lancia Thema executive car was a re- branded second generation Chrysler 300 unveiled in 2011 to replace the Thesis.
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He managed to land at his home field without serious injury, becoming a rare survivor of an in-craft fire. The fire ate the fabric off the upper wing and the inboard portions of the lower one, leaving only the scorched bare spars and struts of the wing roots. Three days later, while flying another Albatros he fought eight English fighters and took multiple machine gun hits. With his wings breaking up he still managed to land, though the Albatros flipped over and was totally destroyed.
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Braking was via inboard four wheel disc brakes, with a fully independent suspension. The body was made of fiberglass over a tubular steel chassis. The first V8-powered car debuted at Le Mans in 1966, with Swiss drivers Edgar Berney and Andre Wicky, but records indicate both retired after three hours with a cooling problem. A second team in a production-based Bizzarrini A3/C, driven by Sam Posey and Massimo Natili, was disqualified after a pit lane violation, possibly while returning with serious frame damage.
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In 1958 the wing trailing edge was modified, chiefly by the addition of camber changing plain flaps inboard of the ailerons which added low speed, thermalling lift as well as slowing landing approach speed. They could extend from +5° to −90°. At the same time the aileron span was increased by 11% and the wing area by 3.5%; the weight also increased slightly. In 350 hours of flying the undercarriage had twice been damaged in fast landings onto bumpy ground, so the skid was reinforced.
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At the time of the attack, the plane had been cruising at an altitude of about . Tapes recovered from the airliner's cockpit voice recorder indicate that the crew were unaware that they were off course and violating Soviet airspace. Immediately after missile detonation, the airliner began a 113-second arc upward because of a damaged crossover cable between the left inboard and right outboard elevators.ICAO '93, p. 55 At 18:26:46 UTC (03:26 Japan Time; 06:26 Sakhalin time),ICAO '93, p.
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The National Transportation Safety Board has begun an investigation. On November 3, 2015, the NTSB released an update to its ongoing investigation, which stated that they found that the main fuel supply line coupling assembly had disconnected in the wing-to-engine strut above and behind the left engine. Examination of the left engine revealed no evidence of an engine uncontainment or other failure. Also, the lower inboard portion of the left wing, left engine cowling, and left fuselage center section sustained thermal damage.
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Inflexible had two paired sets of Parsons direct-drive turbines, each of which was housed in a separate engine-room and drove an outboard and inboard shaft. The high-pressure ahead and astern turbines were coupled to the outboard shafts and the low-pressure turbines to the inner shafts. A cruising turbine was also coupled to each inner shaft; these were not used often and were eventually disconnected. Her three-bladed propellers were in diameter on the inner shafts while the outer propellers were in diameter.
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Taihos waterline belt armor varied between abreast the machinery to around the magazines. The armor below the waterline was designed to withstand a charge. Internal torpedo protection comprised a anti-splinter steel bulkhead, inboard of the outer plating. The weight of Taihos armor immersed her hull so deeply that her lower hangar deck was barely above the load waterline and the bottoms of her two elevator wells (which formed the roofs of her fore and aft aviation fuel tanks) were actually below the waterline.
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Model years 1980 through 1985 featured round sealed beam headlights. Subsequent models for North American and European markets featured round sealed beam headlights or smaller square headlights, with the primary lights outboard and high beams inboard. Later models from South Africa returned to round headlight housings for both the primary headlights and high-beams. This is known to VW enthusiasts as the "South African look," and swapping the square headlights to round headlights is a popular conversion by van owners with non-South African vehicles.
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The Kestrel was Miles' first high powered aircraft and was an aerodynamically clean monoplane with cantilever wings and tailplane. It is not recorded whether it was named after a bird of prey, like many aircraft designed by F. G. Miles, or after its Rolls-Royce Kestrel engine. The Kestrel had thick wings, perhaps influenced by the experiments with the Miles Hawcon, with a root thickness to chord ratio of about 23%. They had inverted gull form, with anhedral inboard, giving way to dihedral on the outer part.
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MEV Rocket Ariel Atom An exoskeleton car has a visible external frame, being made of steel, aluminum or carbon fiber tubes. Body styles are open wheel sports cars, with their wheels outside of the main body and each wheel covered by its own lightweight mudguard, usually carried as unsprung weight supported on the hub carrier. The chassis has four large longitudinal tubes, two on each side of the car body, inboard of the wheels. These main chassis tubes are spaced apart by smaller diagonal or vertical tubes.
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Both have spans of 18.0 m (59 ft 1 in) and are straight tapered with rounded wing tips, although the Air's taper ratio (wing root chord to tip chord) is higher, resulting a slightly greater aspect ratio. Some later Air 100s have squared-off tips terminated in streamlined "salmons". Both wings use the Göttingen 549 airfoil inboard of the tips, though the Air's roots have a thickened version. They are wooden single spar structures, plywood covered ahead of the spar and fabric covered behind.
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The 1979 Custom 500 for the Canadian market was completely redesigned with the advent of the Panther platform, and had the base-model 1979 Ford LTD front end (with single rectangular headlights and inboard parking lights on a grille distinct from the upper-trimmed LTD Landau/Crown Victoria). The standard powertrain in 1979 was a V8 with SelectShift transmission, while a Windsor V8 was optional. For 1980, to meet EPA CAFE standards, a V8 was made standard, with the 302 and 351 V8 engines optional.
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The rear de Dion transaxle found on the Alfetta and derivatives- GTV, 90 and 75- provided these cars with excellent weight distribution. The handling advantages were noted in contemporary reviews.Cars and Vehicle Magazine, May 1973 The transaxle design, in combination with a Watt's parallelogram linkage, inboard rear brakes and a well-located de Dion rear suspension, resulted in balanced traction and handling. The front suspension design was unusual in that it incorporated independent longitudinal torsion bar springs acting directly onto the lower wishbones and with separate dampers.
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In order to insulate the passenger compartment from noise, vibration and harshness (NVH), the independent rear suspension was designed to be carried in a separate crossbeam assembly attached to the vehicle body by four rubber vee-blocks. The only other points of contact with the vehicle body (i.e. the radius arms) are by means of metal sleeved (Metalastik) rubber bushes, so there is no metal-to- metal contact between the suspension and vehicle body. The fabricated steel crossbeam carries the differential and inboard brakes (if fitted).
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The interplane struts were in parallel pairs, two outward leaning and two vertical outboard, and an interconnected central complex which both braced the wings and mounted two of its three Gnome & Rhône 9Ab nine cylinder radial engines close inboard between the wings. The other was mounted on the upper wing over the hull. Its hull had two steps, one under the wing trailing edge and the second further aft. The underside had a rounded, rather than V, section and was wider than its upper part.
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The Z-03 had a wooden, single spar mid-mounted wing which was trapezoidal in plan, with plywood covering ahead of the spar forming a torsion resistant D-box, and with fabric covering aft. On the Z-03A, the inner halves of the trailing edges were occupied by split flaps and the rest with Frise- balanced ailerons. Just inboard of the ailerons Göppingen-type spoilers, mounted aft of the spar at 40% chord, opened both above and below the wing. The Z-03B had no flaps.
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50 in (12.7 mm) M2/AN Browning air-cooled machine guns with 400 rounds per gun. A center-section hardpoint under the fuselage could carry a single disposable drop tank, while later aircraft had single bomb racks installed under each wing, inboard of the undercarriage bays; with these and the center-section hard point late model F6F-3s could carry a total bomb load in excess of . Six high-velocity aircraft rockets (HVARs) could be carried – three under each wing on "zero-length" launchers.Sullivan 1979, pp.
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The Honda VT250F Integra is a semi-faired, sport bike first produced by Honda in 1982. The VT250F had a DOHC 4-valve-per-cylinder, 90-degree water-cooled V-twin engine, which significantly reduced primary vibration when compared to inline twin engines used on similar machines. The V-twin engine also allowed the motorcycle to have a low centre of gravity and a low seat height. The front brake system was a single inboard ventilated disc that was developed to improve brake performance and feel.
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The BRM P201 is a Formula One racing car built by British Racing Motors and designed by Mike Pilbeam, which raced in the and seasons and in P201B specification in and . The P201 featured a triangular monocoque, hip-level radiators, outboard front springs and inboard brakes. It used a 3.0-litre V12 engine and competed in 26 races, making 36 individual entries in total. Its best finish was second place for Jean-Pierre Beltoise at the 1974 South African Grand Prix, on the car's debut.
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Beyond, the wing thinned from its underside, creating positive dihedral and became semi-elliptical in plan. Long (, more than 60% of the half-span) ailerons, unusually mounted inboard and gently decreasing in chord outboard, produced an overall wing plan close to the ideal ellipse. Like the wing, the rectangular section fuselage had a wooden frame and was ply covered. It had a , six cylinder, inverted, air cooled, Train 6T inline engine in the nose, driving a two blade propeller and fed from a tank in the wing.
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Most unusually for its time, the inboard lower wing featured landing flaps, so the 511 landed at a sedate 35 mph (56 km/h). The single rotary Gnome Monosoupape was neatly cowled, though this was later modified to improve cooling. Mainwheels were mounted on a single axle plus centre-skid undercarriage and there was a tailskid. Later in 1914 the 511 was modified with a new pair of wings with no sweepback and a V-form (cranked axle), skidless main undercarriage, becoming the Avro 514.
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Conventional flaps also change wing camber, though only over the inboard part of the wing and requiring separate control. The pitched up attitude was stabilized by careful design of the tailplane to produce the necessary downforce from the greater downwash of the more cambered wing. Kesselyák argued that this approach lowered both the induced drag produced by a tailplane used to control attitude and the parasitic drag from the fuselage, no longer out of the flight direction. Lateral (roll) control is achieved through conventional differential flap operation.
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These slots and wing-root fairings fitted to the forward fuselage and leading edge of the radiator intakes, stopped some of the vibration experienced, but did not cure the tailplane buffeting.Thirsk 2006, pp. 28–29. In February 1941, buffeting was eliminated by incorporating triangular fillets on the trailing edge of the wings and lengthening the nacelles, the trailing edge of which curved up to fair into the fillet some behind the wing's trailing edge; this meant the flaps had to be divided into inboard and outboard sections.
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Sedan rear fenders received fiberglass caps that wrapped inward to create a recessed space that met a carryover decklid. In this space was mounted the new rectangular taillight housings, which featured taller white backup lights mounted inboard of the new taillights. The license plate moved from the rear bumper to the area between the new taillight assemblies, and the whole taillight and license plate system on the sedans was surrounded its own loop of chrome trim. Both Ambassador and Matador sedans shared the same rear-end styling.
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Further fuel tanks were situated in the thin wings both inboard and outboard of the engines, giving a total fuel capacity of 1,490 L (328 imperial gallons). The engines, two Mitsubishi Ha-26s, were housed in close fitting cowlings developed by the Aeronautical Research Institute of the Tokyo Imperial University to reduce drag and improve pilot view. Mitsubishi Ki-46-III white painted with a green cross on the rear fuselage as a sign of surrender, captured by KNIL forces on October 3, 1945. Menado, Celebes.
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The bombs were carried on external pylons installed underneath each wing inboard of the inner engine pods. These pylons had originally been designed to carry the Hound Dog cruise missile. From May to November 1965, the unit deployed to Andersen Air Force Base, Guam in support of Operation Arc Light missions. The squadron first attacked suspected Viet Cong enclaves at Ben Cat, 40 miles north of Saigon, South Vietnam, on 18 June, the operation being supported by Boeing KC-135A Stratotankers stationed at Kadena Air Base, Okinawa.
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The two inboard three-bladed propellers were in diameter and the others were four- bladed and only in diameter. The engines produced a total of which gave her a speed of around . Vitse-admiral Popovs propulsion machinery proved problematic throughout her life as a result of defective workmanship and poor-quality materials. Her blunt hull form was not conducive to efficient steaming and she proved to be a prodigious consumer of coal as her capacity of only gave her range of at full speed.
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Invincible had two paired sets of Parsons turbines, each of which was housed in a separate engine-room and drove an outboard and inboard shaft. The high- pressure ahead and astern turbines were coupled to the outboard shafts and the low-pressure turbines to the inner shafts. A cruising turbine was also coupled to each inner shaft; these were not used often and were eventually disconnected. Her three-bladed propellers were in diameter on the inner shafts while the outer propellers were in diameter.
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The Peruvian flat slab is the largest in the world, and extends ~700 km inboard from the trench axis. The subducting plate starts at a dip of 30 degrees then flattens out at a depth of 100 km under the Eastern Cordillera and Subandean zone. The segment is visually correlated with the subduction of the Nazca Ridge, an aseismic ridge with thickened crust. The second highest zone in the Andes, Cordillera Blanca, is associated with the Peruvian flat slab segment and uplift of basement-cored blocks.
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The anti-torpedo bulges of the N3 were internal to the hull and were intended to withstand the explosion of a torpedo warhead. They consisted of an outer air space, an inner buoyancy space and the thick torpedo bulkhead. The bulkhead was situated about inboard from the side of the ship. Postwar tests done on a replica of this system showed that filling the buoyancy space with water rather than the sealed steel crushing tubes as used in was just as effective and weighed less.
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There were differential ailerons on the outer trailing edges and flaps inboard. The fuselage of the Balestruccio was hexagonal, with deep, near vertical sides. Its comfortable cockpit was immediately in front of the wing leading edge and was originally provided with a wooden canopy with small side openings, similar to that used on the German DFS Fafnir, but this was later replaced with a more conventional open arrangement which provided better all-round visibility. A single, sprung skid and a tail bumper provided an undercarriage.
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The arrangement of the controls was unconventional by present-day standards: all the control surfaces were operated by a control column and wheel, and the throttle and engine ignition were controlled using foot pedals. It was fitted with one large central float with three steps and a pair of smaller stabilising floats positioned below the inboard interplane struts. The machine was completed in July 1913, and made its maiden flight as a landplane on 14 July 1913.Jarrett Air Enthusiast July/August 1999, p. 16.
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Air-droppable lifeboats included the EDO A-3 lifeboat with an inboard motor, fuel, water and food; or a Higgins airborne A-1 lifeboat; both required parachutes to slow their descent. As well, inflatable life rafts could be dropped without a parachute. In the face of vigorous enemy opposition, Dumbo missions sometimes required friendly units such as fighter aircraft to suppress enemy fire during the rescue attempt. In other cases, the mere presence of an armed Dumbo aircraft was enough to keep weaker enemy forces from engaging.
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The forward-swept midwing gives the Su-47 its unconventional appearance. A substantial part of the lift generated by the forward-swept wing occurs at the inner portion of the wingspan. This inboard lift is not restricted by wingtip stall and the lift- induced wingtip vortex generation is thus reduced. The ailerons—the wing's control surfaces—remain effective at the highest angles of attack, and controllability of the aircraft is retained even in the event of airflow separating from the remainder of the wings' surface.
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By the next time the car raced, the front differential had been disconnected and the car effectively ran as an over-weight MS80 with inboard front brakes, memorably giving the lie to Johnny Servoz-Gavin's protestations about the 4WD car being "undriveable" after he finished the Canadian Grand Prix six laps down in sixth place. Servoz-Gavin also drove the car at Watkins Glen, finishing 16 laps down and unclassified, and finally in Mexico, crossing the line "just" two laps down in eighth place.
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However, the unswept, straight tapered foreplane has a much greater fore/rear wing span ratio (about 80%) than most of this type, for example 66% for the World War II Miles Libellula. The whole trailing edge of each rear wing, which has a dihedral of 2°, is occupied by a combination of outboard mass balanced ailerons and inboard plain flaps. The foreplane has full span elevators and slightly turned down tips. The wings, like the rest of the Airelle's structure, is largely carbon fibre.
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The airliner's four Curtiss Wright R-1820 radial engines used crankshaft-driven two-speed superchargers both for added power and for greater performance at altitude. To provide pressurized air for the proposed cabin, the two inboard engines also drove (via a shaft) an additional supercharger mounted on each engine's firewall. Dr. W. Randy Lovelace of the Mayo Clinic, was consulted; he advised that cabin pressurization begin at 8,000 feet MSL. Then pressurized air would be added as required to maintain an 8,000-foot cabin pressure.
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A curved windshield replaced the previous two-piece flat windshield. The restyled car appeared at that year's Chicago Auto Show. (The Nash Ambassador and Statesman models adopted a Nash-Healey-inspired grille with inboard headlights for 1955, and advertising featured the new Nash with a Nash-Healey in the background to show the obvious similarity.) Pinin Farina in Turin built the bodies which, save for aluminum hood, trunk lid and dashboard, were now all steel. The aluminum panels, plus careful engineering, reduced curb weight.
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All Wheel Drive – Sealegs craft come standard with All Wheel Drive – which was designed to help craft negotiate difficult terrain Extended Run Time – Original Sealegs craft could run on land for 10 minutes within every hour without overheating the oil in the inboard engine. Sealegs extended run time technology added an oil cooling system, which allows the craft to run for 30 minutes within every hour without overheating. Power Steering – Sealegs craft are fitted with a Power Steering system. This system can be switched on and off by use of a dash switch.
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The Passive Aeroelastic Tailored (PAT) wing was designed for more structural efficiency by a team of the ARMD, the University of Michigan and Boeing-owned Aurora Flight Sciences. A long, 29% scale of a Boeing 777-like wing was built by Aurora in Columbus, Mississippi, with a conventional configuration: two spars and 58 ribs. The skin thickness varies with the load from inboard tapering to at the tip. To aligns fibers with the load, tow-steered laminates curve along the wing span unlike current composites with 0°, ±45° and ±90° laid down and cut plies.
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Many of Marylands crew were preparing for shore leave at 09:00 or eating breakfast when the Japanese attack began. As the first Japanese aircraft appeared and explosions rocked the outboard battleships, Marylands bugler blew general quarters. Seaman Leslie Short—addressing Christmas cards near his machine gun—brought the first of his ship's guns into play, shooting down one of two torpedo bombers that had just released against Oklahoma. Inboard of Oklahoma, and thus protected from the initial torpedo attack, Maryland managed to bring all her antiaircraft (AA) batteries into action.
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Two 8 hp (6 kW) West Bend 82 go-kart engines were mounted behind the fairing on short struts, driving pusher propellers. Fin and rudder were straight tapered and square topped, with the latter extending down to the keel. The constant chord, square tipped tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage and carried separated elevators, cut away inboard to permit rudder movement. The landing gear comprised a monowheel, fixed but partially faired, a steerable tailwheel and two small balancing outrigger wheels on short, faired struts below the interplane struts.
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In 1950 Lancia had introduced its first all-new postwar model, the Lancia Aurelia, a small but expensive luxury car with sophisticated engineering features like the first ever V6 engine, inboard rear brakes and a transaxle gearbox. Alongside it Lancia was still producing the Lancia Ardea, a pre-war design that although once innovative was in need of replacement. The new small Lancia was designed under engineer Vittorio Jano. Initially an updated version of the Ardea's 17° V4 engine was considered, but a clean-sheet design was ultimately chosen.
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The Porsche Carrera GT's carbon-ceramic (silicon carbide) disc brake Notable technology includes a pure carbon fibre monocoque and subframe produced by ATR Composites Group of Italy, dry sump lubrication and inboard suspension. At speeds above , the electronically operated rear wing raises into the airstream to reduce lift. The radiator of the Carrera GT is about five times the size of that of a 911 Turbo of its time. The car's front and rear suspension system consists of pushrod actuated shock absorbers and dampers with anti-roll bars.
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A 3-inch torpedo bulkhead was placed inboard from the side, and the class was provided with a complete double bottom. Testing in mid-1914 revealed that this system could withstand of TNT. Plans for Pennsylvania drawn during the Second World War, after its late 1920s/early 1930s modernization; it shows the ship from three crossections (top), from the starboard side (middle), and from above (bottom). The most visible change from the ships' original configuration came in the secondary armament, which was moved from casemates into their own twin mounts.
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This was the first American front-wheel drive car to be offered to the public, beating the Ruxton automobile by several months, in 1929. The brainchild of former Miller engineer Cornelius Van Ranst, its drive system borrowed from the Indianapolis 500-dominating racers, using the same de Dion layout and inboard brakes. Built in Auburn, Indiana, the Cord was the first front-wheel-drive car to use constant-velocity joints. While commonly used today in all front-wheel-drive vehicles, their first use was on the 1929 Cord.
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It was a three bay biplane without stagger, with two sets of parallel, vertical interplane struts outboard and two sets of leaning parallel struts inboard on each wing. The latter met on the lower wing but diverged upwards in a narrow V, forming a cradle for an engine pair. Cabane struts joined the wing centre section to the upper fuselage longerons. The airliner had a flat sided fuselage with two open cockpits in tandem for the crew, one ahead of the wing leading edge and the other close behind but under the wing.
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At the aft end of the saloon next to the companionway, and to port, is a small U-shaped galley, consisting of a stove, sink (fed by an 18-gallon freshwater tank), and a counter. To starboard, there is a chart table, with a quarter berth extending aft of the navigators seat. An inboard marine diesel engine of 15 to 25 horsepower is mounted beneath the cockpit, fed by a 12-gallon fuel tank. Modern boats have a Beta Marine 20 or 25 horsepower engine with folding or feathering propellor, in conventional or hybrid configuration.
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The wing included inboard camber to more effectively use the higher pressure field behind the strong shock wave. Unique among aircraft of its size, the outer portions of the wings were hinged, and could be pivoted downward by up to 65 degrees, acting almost as a type of variable-geometry wingtip device. This increased the aircraft's directional stability at supersonic speeds, shifted the center of pressure to a more favorable position at high speeds, and strengthened the compression lift effect.B-70 Aircraft Study, Vol. III. p. III–162.
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The design was largely conventional overall, except for the interplane struts. These were arranged in two sets, front and rear, with the rear sets consisting of two struts per wing, and the forward sets of only one strut per wing. When viewed from the front of the aircraft, rather than standing vertically, the rear struts formed a V-shape, converging to the point where they met the lower wings. From bottom wing to top, the single forward struts sloped inwards towards the centreline, matching the angle of the inboard rear struts.
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This involved flying through plumes of airborne contamination and using onboard equipment to collect fallout released from both above ground and underground nuclear tests for later analysis at the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston.Brookes 2011, p. 70. Five aircraft had small pylons fitted to the redundant Skybolt hardpoints, which could be used to carry sampling pods modified from drop tanks. These pods would collect the needed samples on a filter, while an additional smaller "localiser" pod was fitted to the port wing, inboard of the main pylons.
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The CAJO 59 was designed by Carl Johansen (hence the name) as a general purpose 3-4 seat amphibious flying boat. It was a high-gull winged twin-engine monoplane with a wooden structure, mostly wooden skinned, apart from glass fibre/foam sandwich panels in the fuselage and fabric covered control surfaces. The wings inboard of the engines were built around two spars and had high dihedral (8.8°), which raised the engines well above the water. Outboard of the engines the wings had a single spar and were without dihedral.
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The Playmate was a wooden lapstrake rounded-bottom hull with all models built in 1935 and later powered by a Buchanan Midget 25-horsepower inboard engine. The boat was redesigned in 1939 with forward seats and a windshield, along with a slightly higher hull, which was the configuration it retained for the rest of the production run. In 1940 Duke introduced two larger launches; 19 and 21 feet long, with cedar lapstrake bottoms and mahogany topsides and decks. The smaller models were powered by a 4-cylinder Buchanan 57-horsepower or Gray 75-horsepower engine.
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The gun fired armor- piercing projectiles at a muzzle velocity of ; this provided a maximum range of . The secondary armament consisted of eight 57-caliber B-38 152 mm guns mounted in four twin-gun turrets concentrated at the forward end of the superstructure. The forward turrets were inboard and above the outer turrets which provided both turrets with good arcs of fire. Their elevation limits were -5° to +45° with a fixed loading angle of 8°. Their rate of fire also varied with the elevation from 7.5 to 4.8 rounds per minute.
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Spoiler controls can be used for roll control (outboard or mid-span spoilers) or descent control (inboard spoilers). Some aircraft use spoilers in combination with or in lieu of ailerons for roll control, primarily to reduce adverse yaw when rudder input is limited by higher speeds. For such spoilers the term spoileron has been coined. In the case of a spoileron, in order for it to be used as a control surface, it is raised on one wing only, thus decreasing lift and increasing drag, causing roll and yaw.
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Inboard fuel tank 1 was pierced and leaking. Returning to Baghdad, the three-man crew made an injury-free landing of the seriously damaged A300, using differential engine thrust as the only pilot input. This is despite major damage to a wing, total loss of hydraulic control, a faster than safe landing speed and a ground path which veered off the runway surface and onto unprepared ground."Air Crash Investigators" Paris Match reporter Claudine Vernier-Palliez accompanied a Fedayeen unit on their strike mission against the DHL aircraft.
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2 x extra Bridging Vehicles (BV) are required to transport the long span components. Most bridges built in Iraq and Afghanistan have included the LSE General Support Bridge 2 Span Pontoon A General Support Bridge (GSB) 2 span pontoon equipment provides the ability to span larger gaps by using the pontoon as a pier. Two DROPS (support) vehicles equipped with a derrick and hydraulic winch are used to transport the pontoons. The 4 close coupled pontoons are powered by 2 inboard engines, which enables construction and positioning with the minimum of support.
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The boom is connected with the lower part of the mast which is shaped like a "Y" or a bipod and therefore it is a single swinging derrick. On the cross trees, two guys are fastened using swivel outriggers which are stayed vertically and horizontally. In order to maintain a good controlling angle between guys and derrick, the outriggers cannot pass the inboard parallel of the centerline. Looking at the illustration, one can easily see that the right outrigger stays in the centerline and the left outrigger has moved outboard.
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The front end was destroyed. Rindt was in the habit of using only four points on the five-point harness then available and did not wear the crotch straps, as he wanted to be able to exit the car quickly in the event of fire. As a result, upon impact he slid under the belts, and the belts fatally slit open Rindt's throat. Later investigations found that the accident was initiated by a failure of the car's right front inboard brake shaft, but that Rindt's death was caused by poorly installed crash barriers.
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Aboard Holly's flight, a suspicious Thornburg is monitoring airport radio traffic and learns about the situation from a secret transmission to the circling planes from Barnes. He phones in a sensational and exaggerated take on what is happening, leading to panic and preventing the officers from reaching the escape plane, until Holly subdues Thornburg with a stun gun. McClane hitches a ride on a news helicopter that drops him off on the wing of the taxiing mercenaries' 747. He jams the left inboard aileron with his jacket, preventing the plane from taking off.
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Apollo 9 LM with forward scimitar antenna visible in the left foreground. The first two Lunar Modules to fly, Apollo 5 and Apollo 9, also carried a pair of VHF scimitar antennas for the transmission of Developmental Flight Instrumentation (DFI) telemetry data. One was located on the front face, just inboard of the right- hand side cockpit window, and the other was located on the left side of the aft equipment bay. Since the Lunar Module never operated in the Earth's atmosphere, no aerodynamic covering was necessary, and the scimitar shape was externally visible.
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The brake discs are not mounted at the wheels as on conventional automobiles, but are inboard, attached to the outside of each differential. The front and rear differentials are Torsen type, and the center differential is a regular, lockable type. The steering is power-assisted and the tubeless tires have a high-pressure tube inner tire which provides a built-in spare for each tube as well as eliminating rim leaks during high speed cornering. The tires are self-cleaning and disc brakes are fitted on all four wheels.
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Major subsystems of the S4 truss are the port inboard Photovoltaic Module (PVM), the Photovoltaic Radiator (PVR), the Alpha Joint Interface Structure (AJIS) and the Modified Rocketdyne Truss Attachment System (MRTAS). The primary functions of the PVMs are to collect, convert, store and distribute electrical power to loads within the segment and to other station segments. There are two SAWs on the S4 each deployed in the opposite direction from each other. Each SAW is made up of two solar blankets mounted to a common mast (made from shape memory alloy) and measures by .
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Some chainrings can be outfitted with a chain guard — a plastic or metal ring slightly larger in diameter than the chainring. Its purpose is mostly to help prevent the chain from touching or catching clothing. Chain guard is usually mounted on the outboard side of the chainring or, in case of multi-sprocket chainring, on the outboard side of the largest chainring. Single-sprocket chainrings may have chain guards on both inboard and outboard sides, helping keeping the chain on the chainring; this is common on multi-speed juvenile bicycles.
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For this reason, when mullite is used as a pressure medium it needs to be used in combination with a gasket material. Typically the gasket material used is pyrophyllite, and the mullite will be machined into a sphere which sits in pyrophyllite “seats”, forming a cube. In the sample assembly, inboard of the pressure medium and surrounding the sample is an internal resistive heater. The heater is a sleeve which the cylindrical sample fits into, and typically is made of graphite, or can also be made of different types of metal.
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The Type 107 was an unequal span single bay biplane powered by a 480 hp (360 kW) Bristol Mercury air-cooled radial engine driving a two-bladed propeller. The structure was all-metal with a fabric covering, using members built up from rolled high-tensile steel strips riveted together. In order to optimise the pilot's field of view there was large semi-circular cutout in the trailing edge of the upper wing and the inboard section of the lower wing was of reduced chord. Frise ailerons were fitted to the top wing only.
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Greene and Massignani (2004), pp. 38–39 Contrary to Japanese Shinyo motorboats, MT boats, though very dangerous to use in combat, were not designed as suicide weapons: Installed over the transom, the pilot had a crude ejector seat and after bailing out, the seat acted as a miniature raft to keep the pilot out of the water and immune from the lethal shock of the underwater explosion. Another very innovative design was the Isotta-Fraschini Z-drive transmission system, featuring an inboard engine and twin outboard contra-rotating propellers.
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Rock diving in North Bay off Pink Granite CliffsWakeboarder on Joe Bay North Bay features a public sand-bottom beach (with rest rooms) that can be accessed by car off of Highway 118 (via North Bay Beach Road) and by boat. The beach features a boat launching ramp and there is an annual regatta that takes place on the beach. Water-skiing and wakeboarding are available. Many of the classical outboard ski boats are seen, as well as the latest inboard wakeboard and ski boats and smaller sailboats.
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All had a dihedral of 4°. At its tips, where the chord was , the wing turned upwards into tall, slightly swept winglets, which carried rudders. Elevons occupied much of the outer panel trailing edge and, further inboard, mid-chord mounted airbrakes were fitted. The fuselage, onto which the wings were mounted between low and mid position was a short pod with its nose a little ahead of the centre section leading edge, extending aft about as far as the trailing horizontal edge of the wing at its tip.
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The K70 also featured the same inboard disc brakes as the Ro80. The performance from the engine, especially on the entry level version, was merely adequate. Comparison with the 411, which by 1970 had acquired an enlarged engine and fuel injection, was (and is) hard to avoid. Neither of VW's family middle weight sedans topped the charts for top speed and acceleration, nor for fuel consumption, and the K70's indifferent fuel consumption became an increasingly pressing issue because the car's production run coincided with the 1973 oil crisis.
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The canal contains 465,000 gallons of water, which flows via underground pipes to the moat around Sleeping Beauty Castle, the Jungle Cruise and to the Rivers of America, where it is pumped back to Storybook Land. The attraction's 13 boats are powered by electric inboard motors. When not in use, they are stored in a boathouse hidden behind the waterfall containing Triton's Castle. The houses in Storybook Land are fitted with six-inch doors and quarter-inch hinges that open and close, so the Disneyland electricians can change the lightbulbs.
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On each side there were two pairs of parallel struts bracing the wing to the fuselage; both pairs were mounted on the lower fuselage but one pair met the wing at about 60% span, the other at 30%. Each outer strut had a jury strut at right angles which met the top of its inboard equivalent at the wing. The Š-3's upright inline engine was completely enclosed within a cowling, with its top just below the pilot's eye line. It drove a two-blade propeller with a domed spinner.
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The engine's initial air supply began in an air filter canister below the seat and was drawn through a large plenum chamber just above the transmission and behind the cylinder head, then down into the internal passages leading to the carburetor housing feeding the carburetors. The A7 Avenger had two Mikuni carburetors located on the engine's left and right sides and in line with the crankshaft. The carburetors were enclosed and protected from the elements by carburetor covers fixed to the crankcase. Inboard of each carburetor, and supporting each carburetor, was the disc cover.
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This version was given the designation A-6. None of these were produced, but similar weight saving measures could be undertaken at the unit level. The last major production version was the A-7 with improved, unitized DB 603E engines. The A-7 typically had two 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon in the wing roots (inboard of the propeller arcs), two 20 mm MG 151/20 in the ventral weapons bay and two 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108s as rear-fuselage dorsal mount, upwards- firing Schräge Musik offensive ordnance.
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A battlestar such as Galactica has two sources of energy. The engines are powered by Tylium, a highly volatile liquid fuel derived from minerals mined on a limited number of planets."Saga of a Star World, Parts II and III" (1978 TV series) The Tylium is stored in two tanks located as far inboard as possible, since the detonation of either tank is sufficient to destroy the battlestar."Fire in Space" (1978 TV series) Other energy needs are met by energizers, which are self-contained generators roughly the size of a human adult.
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The aircraft departed Hong Kong at 0425 GMT carrying Chinese and Eastern European delegates, mainly journalists, to the Asia-Afro Bandung Conference in Jakarta. At approximately 0925 GMT the crew heard an explosion; smoke quickly entered the cabin from a fire on the right wing directly behind the No. 3 (or right inboard) engine. Upon hearing the explosion and seeing the fire-warning light for the baggage compartment come on, the captain shut off the No. 3 engine and feathered its propeller, fearing the engine would catch fire. This left three engines running.
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Another variant was the kajjik tal-gangmu, which had a low bow and a short forestem originally intended for fishing for seashells. This was also used to recover coal which had fallen to the seabed while being loaded onto ships in the Grand Harbour. The flat stern of a kajjik as opposed to the double-ended hull of the luzzu From about 1920, inboard motors were installed on some kajjikki which were used for fishing. Today, the boats are no longer being built and they are on the decline.
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This may have been helped by the presence of the podded engines, whose vertical mountings acted as barriers to span wise flow. More common solutions to the problem of spanwise flow is the use of a wing fence or the related dogtooth notch on the leading edge of the wing. This disrupts the flow and re-directs it rearward, while also causing the buildup of stagnant air inboard to lower the stall point. This does have an effect on overall airflow on the wing, and is generally not used where the sweep is mild.
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On each side a single, forward leaning strut links the wing to the lower fuselage, assisted by a short intermediate strut at its wing connection. More than half the trailing edge carries inboard double slotted Fowler flaps with a maximum deflection of 40°; the rest of the trailing edge is fitted with conventional ailerons. The leading edge is fitted with electrically operated slats. The Vimana is normally powered by a Rotax 912 ULS flat four driving a three-bladed propeller, though the Turbo version of this engine is an option.
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Early flights showed the airbrakes were ineffective and they were supplemented by a tail-mounted drogue parachute. On the Siraly II, flown two years later, the parachute and flaps were replaced by Göttingen-type spoilers which opened both above and below the wing, located just behind the spar well inboard of the ailerons. Both Sirály variants had oval section, ply-covered semi-monocoque fuselages that tapered aft to the tail. The pilot's cockpit was ahead of the wing leading edge and under a one-piece canopy which blended smoothly into the deeper rear fuselage.
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Inboard profile of the Dunkerque class Strasbourg displaced standard and fully loaded, with an overall length of , a beam of and a maximum draft of . She was powered by four Parsons geared steam turbines and six oil-fired Indret boilers, which developed a total of and yielded a maximum speed of . Her crew numbered between 1,381 and 1,431 officers and men. The ship carried a pair of spotter aircraft on the fantail, and the aircraft facilities consisted of a steam catapult and a crane to handle the floatplanes.
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Dornier had opted to incorporate the British-built Bristol PegasusBy the time of the first flight, Rolls-Royce had taken over Bristol Engines. vectored-thrust turbofan engine, an existing powerplant that was most famously used to power the Harrier Jump Jet. On the Do 31, a pair of Pegasus engines were housed in each of the two inboard nacelles; during the vertical phase of flight, additional lift was provided by an arrangement of four vertically mounted Rolls-Royce RB162 lift engines located in each of the outer nacelles.Dow 2009, pp. 233-234.
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Despite changing the outboard wheel speed sensor, the system remained inoperative. On 5 November 2002, one day before the accident, the problem was solved by replacing the inboard wheel speed sensor. Investigators noted that the weather around the airport at the time of the accident was foggy. Nearby residents of Niederanven stated that the fog at the time of the accident was very thick, so much that nearby residents couldn't see or even hear the moment of impact, even though Niederanven was in close proximity to the crash site.
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Both wings were rectangular in plan but only the lower one carried dihedral (3.5°) and the overhung, balanced ailerons. They were built around pairs of spars and were of mixed wood and metal construction with fabric covering; their thick sections provided internal rigidity and allowed a single-bay structure, with pairs of parallel, inward leaning interplane struts between the spars. Its SPA 6A engines were mounted midway between the wings in push-pull configuration. Each engine had its own cylindrical Lamblin radiator underneath; the tractors had theirs offset outboard and the pushers inboard.
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In a barrier wall system, the > exterior cladding also serves as the principal drainage plane and primary > line of defense against bulk rainwater penetration. In cavity wall > construction, however, the principal drainage plane and primary line of > defense against bulk rainwater penetration is located inside the wall > cavity, generally on the inboard side of the air space (either directly > applied to the outboard surface of the exterior sheathing layer or, in the > case of insulated cavity walls, on the outboard surface of the rigid or > otherwise moisture-impervious insulation layer).
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The prototype AM-69 was an all-wood, low wing cantilever monoplane. Its wings, skinned with birch plywood had a modified Mureau 234 section with a maximum thickness-to-chord ratio of 13.2%, notable for the large area of both upper and lower surfaces which were flat. There was dihedral over the whole wing and a full-span combination of inboard flaps and ailerons. The Georges Payre was powered by a 67 kW (90 hp) Continental C90 air-cooled flat four engine in the nose of its rectangular section, round decked fuselage.
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The next stage in the development of a nuclear-powered bomber would have been the Tupolev Tu-119, a modified Tu-95, which would have been powered by both nuclear-fuelled and kerosene-fuelled turboprop engines: two Kuznetsov NK-14A nuclear-fuelled engines inboard, fed with heat from a fuselage-mounted reactor and two kerosene-fed Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprops outboard. The Tu-119 was never completed due to the nuclear-powered bomber project being cancelled on grounds of cost and the dire environmental impact of possible mishaps and accidents.
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Honda tried an inboard brake design on a few models such as the VF400F and CBX550F, but reverted to the standard layout. The intent was to improve wet weather performance and have a cleaner appearance. The front brake assembly with vented discs was enclosed in a vented aluminium hub and the caliper was mounted onto the hub and gripped the disc from the outside. This kept the brake assembly dry and allowed the use of cast iron ventilated discs because the shrouding covered any unsightly surface rust on the disc.
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5 October 2005 Historic U.S. Army Helicopters, Vietnam Era Helicopters (Page 2 of 3) . Access Date: 16 June 2007 There is the possibility that the M28A2 could have been the first unit designed to work with the XM128/M128 Helmet Sight System (HSS) developed primarily for use with TOW armed AH-1s. ;XM35/M35 An armament subsystem providing a single M195 20 mm cannon on the port inboard pylon of the AH-1G. 950 rounds of ammunition were stored in boxes faired to the side of the aircraft.
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With Gordon Coppuck preoccupied by designing the McLaren M16 Indianapolis 500 car, the task of designing an all-new Formula 1 car for 1971 fell on Ralph Bellamy. The result was a distinctive car that was nicknamed "The Alligator Car". The pear-shaped cockpit sides that led to this nickname were a result of placing two of the car's three fuel tanks alongside the driver. The M19A used inboard coilover shocks for the front and rear suspension, which were actuated through a swinging link that gave an increasing spring rate as the springs were compressed.
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The Nimbus-4DM is typical of the Nimbus-4 design, except for variations in cockpit and powerplant configuration and associated operating limitations. It is a 2-seat, high- performance motorized glider, constructed from fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites, featuring full span flight controls and a T-tail (with fixed horizontal stabilizer and two-piece elevator). The manufacturing process uses a hand lay-up of composite material plies and epoxy resins. The wing's 26.5-meter (87-foot) span consists of three sections per side, consisting of a wing tip, outboard section, and inboard section.
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Brandley, 1981, p.61 It was fitted with split flaps only on the undersides of the upper wings and at mid chord, inboard and just ahead of the ailerons. Wing bracing was with a canted N strut joining upper and lower wings, assisted by a single strut bracing the lower wing to the upper fuselage longeron, there being no bracing wires. Elevators and rudder were built up from welded steel tubing braced with wire cables, and both could be trimmed, the elevators in flight and the rudder with a ground adjustable tab.
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Its shoulder mounted wing was largely based on that of the DFS Olympia though reduced in span by to by clipping the Olympia's tips to produce a tetragonal, equal-tapered plan. It is built around a single spar and an inboard, internal, diagonal drag strut rearwards to the fuselage on each side. The leading edge is plywood-covered back to the spar and struts. Apart from some ply reinforcement around the Schempp-Hirth type spoiler mounted on the rear of the spar at around mid-span, the rest of the wing surface is fabric-covered.
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The motor design is a hermetically sealed simple co- axial gearless synchronous motor (a permanent magnet, three phase drive, passively cooled design); the motors can also be used for electrical dynamic braking, and also as an active electric brake. The wheelset bearings are mounted inboard and support both motor, axles and wheel. A traction link from motor to the vehicle frame transmits tractive forces. The bogie frame has a single central cross member which supports via pivots two longitudinal beams (in a 'weighing scale' arrangement) connected to the wheelset via the primary suspension.
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Diesel versions of the 351, 478 and 637, advertised as the ToroFlow, were also manufactured. These engines had no relationship to the well-known Detroit Diesel two-stroke engines produced by General Motors during the same time period. All versions of the GMC V6 used a six-throw crankshaft, which when combined with the 60 degree included cylinder angle, produced a smooth running engine without any need for a balance shaft. Spark plugs were located on the inboard side of the cylinder heads and were accessed from the top of the engine.
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The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering but had an original factory option of a Japanese Yanmar inboard diesel engine of . The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of . Standard equipment supplied included masthead anchor lights, an enclosed head, teak and holly cabin sole, a butane stove, kitchen dishes, portable cooler, anchor, stainless steel boarding ladder and life jackets. Factory optional equipment included a Bimini top, road trailer, roller furler, spinnaker and a marine VHF radio.
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The system can accelerate the aircraft to . With electric motors located on each of the main landing gear driving inboard wheels and powered by the APU generator, the EGTS system allows aircraft to push back from the gate without a tug tractor and taxi without the use of the main engines. The Pilot Interface Unit enables the pilot to switch on the EGTS and select the desired taxi speed (forward) or push back speed (backwards). The EGTS controller receives and converts the pilot's directives into orders to power the electronics.
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The wing trailing edge featured the standard Junkers "double wing", combining adjustable flap and aileron surfaces outboard, together with plain flaps inboard. The aircraft had a fixed, split-axle main undercarriage which was noticeably tall, to accommodate the large-diameter propeller, plus a tailskid. A retractable rectangular radiator descended between and just in front of the undercarriage legs. The pressurized cabin had five small portholes for the pilot, two forward, two sideways and one overhead, and there were two more, one on each side for the second crew member.
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There is much variation among these boats, some have evolved from traditional craft types, while others have a more improvised look--the sole defining characteristic is a secondhand car or truck engine. This engine is invariably mounted on an inboard turret-like pole which can rotate through 180 degrees, allowing steering by thrust vectoring. The propeller is mounted directly on the driveshaft with no additional gearing or transmission. Usually the engine also swivels up and down to provide a "neutral gear" where the propeller does not contact the water.
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Because most biplanes do not have cantilever structures, they require rigging wires to maintain their rigidity. Early aircraft used simple wire (either braided or plain), however during the First World War, the British Royal Aircraft Factory developed airfoil section wire named RAFwire in an effort to both increase the strength and reduce the drag. Four types of wires are used in the biplane wing structure. Drag wires inside the wings prevent the wings from being folded back against the fuselage, running inside a wing bay from the forward inboard corner to the rear outboard corner.
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The engines were mounted in this fashion to make room for the retracted main undercarriage legs, two on each side attached to the engine nacelles under the wings. The paired main undercarriage legs, side by side, retracted in opposite directions, inboard forwards and outboard rearwards, with the single mainwheels rotating 90 degrees to lie flat under the long jetpipes of the AL-5 engines. To boost takeoff performance, two JATO bottles could be attached to the rear fuselage. Performance was also improved when Lyulka AL-5F (forseerovannyy - afterburning) engines were fitted.
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Ailerons filled much of the outer sections and airbrakes, operating in pairs above and below the wings, were mounted on the main spar in the inboard section. The structure of the wing, like that of the rest of the aircraft was wooden, built around a main spar and a lighter rear spar and Gaboon ply covered from this rear spar forward. Behind this spar the wing was fabric covered, though the ailerons were ply skinned. The fuselage was a semi- monocoque, elliptical in cross section and built around spruce frames with a plywood skin.
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Apart from its span and aspect ratio, the wing had two other unusual features. A combination of the then new NACA profiles used gave the wing more camber at the tip. Since higher camber airfoils stall at greater angles of attack measured from the zero-lift line, the combination of higher camber and washout means that the stall develops inboard and that the ailerons, on the unstalled outer wing, retain lateral control and can prevent entry into a spin. This is now a standard sailplane design feature but was new in the 1930s.
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These anchor the sheet and its pulley on the boom directly above. At the bow resides a thwart to support the mast which passes through a hole in its centre to the mast step mounted on the centre line of the boat. The painter, a rope used for securing a boat like a mooring line, is usually tied around the mast step. Buoyancy bags are installed inboard along each side in the front half of the boat and at the stern to add buoyancy in the event of capsizing.
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A drum brake at the spoked rear wheel of a Kawasaki W800 Buell wheel and perimeter brake Early motorcycles used brake mechanisms such as spoon brake independent of the wheels, but modern machines use drum or disc brakes integrated with the wheels. In a bid to improve wet weather braking performance, Spanish manufacturer Sanglas in 1976 fitted inboard front brakes to their top model, the 500S,Mick Walker's European Racing Motorcycles p.198, via Google Books. Retrieved 15 March 2020 followed in the 1980s by Honda models such as the VF400F and CBX500F.
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Several designs of airborne lifeboat were developed, using both sails and pairs of small Britannia outboard motors, mounted inboard as Z drives. These were adequate for crews crossing the North Sea from operations in Europe, but a longer- ranged design would be required for the expected air war against Japan. An engine was required that could give a range of 1,000 miles at 5-6 knots on only 50 gallons of petrol. This petrol would also have to be anything from a range between low-grade 70 octane pool petrol and 120 octane aviation spirit.
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Roland Payen was a pioneer of tailless and delta winged aircraft, building two designs, a light aircraft and a fighter, before the second world war. The Pa 49 Katy was his first post-war design. The all wood Katy was a tailless aircraft, having no separate horizontal stabiliser. The wing leading edge was swept at about 55° but, unlike the classic delta with its straight trailing edge, the Katy's was swept at about 30° with each trailing edge carrying full span control surfaces, elevators inboard and ailerons outboard.
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Some inboard motors are freshwater cooled, while others have a raw water cooling system where water from the lake, river or sea is pumped by the engine to cool it. However, as seawater is corrosive, and can damage engine blocks and cylinder heads, some seagoing craft have engines which are indirectly cooled via heat exchanger in a keel cooler. Other engines, notably small single and twin cylinder diesels specifically designed for marine use, use raw seawater for cooling and zinc sacrificial anodes are employed to protect the internal metal castings.
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This contrasts with inboard diesel engines which are heavy and occupy significant internal space and are best suited to larger vessels. Outboard motors used for trailer sailers need to be geared down as trailer sailers sail at slow displacement speeds compared to the higher planing speeds of powerboats, which are the most common application for outboard motors. Outboards are often mounted on the transom, with some boats mounting them in a well, also at the stern. Outboards may be mounted on a lifting mount, to allow them to be raised up out of the water.
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Two gunners could also be carried. The flight engineers occupied two small cabins, one in each wing between the inboard and center engines. The engineers were intended to monitor engine synchronisation and allow the pilot to fly without worrying about engine status, although the pilot could override the engineers' decisions on engine and propeller control. Maximum payload was around 12 tonnes, although at that weight the Hellmuth Walter Werke-designed Walter HWK 109-500 Starthilfe RATO (rocket assisted takeoff) units used on the Me 321 were required for take off.
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The loss of the on April 10, 1963 and problems handling heavy search equipment over the side from in 1963 drove the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) requirement for a larger, more capable ship than the usual oceanographic research type. A search for a candidate ship, capable of being modified for an inboard center well, led to selection of Mizar in late 1963. In 1964 Mizar's successful search for the sunken submarine, before modification for the desired center well, further demonstrated the need for a sheltered work space with heavy lift and towing capability.
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Inboard profile of the Dunkerque class Dunkerque displaced as built and fully loaded, with an overall length of , a beam of and a maximum draft of . She was powered by four Parsons geared steam turbines and six oil-fired Indret boilers, which developed a total of and yielded a maximum speed of . Her crew numbered between 1,381 and 1,431 officers and men. The ship carried a pair of spotter aircraft on the fantail, and the aircraft facilities consisted of a steam catapult and a crane to handle the floatplanes.
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A Salisbury 4HU unit with inboard disc brakes to reduce unsprung weight was chosen instead of the old E.N.V. unit. It was the same unit used on the Jaguar E-Type. After testing and modification, the engine and transmission were removed and the chassis was air-freighted to Shelby in Los Angeles on 2 February 1962, By this time the small-block's displacement was increased to . Shelby's team paired this engine along with a transmission into CSX2000, in less than eight hours at Dean Moon's shop in Santa Fe Springs, California, and began road-testing.
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The entire mount weighed , but the total weight of the ammunition, equipment and supports nearly doubled this again. This weight so far aft promised to increase the draft at the stern enough that the after inboard compartments of the torpedo bulge, which were normally free-flooding, were closed up, but the ship's draft increased to forward and aft. This corresponded to a displacement of , even after removal of the armored conning tower in compensation. The gun was hydraulically worked, but the ammunition parties had to use muscle power.
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Gunston and Gilchrist 1993, p. 83. The airframe was built largely of light aluminium alloys, principally 75ST; the light-alloy stressed-skin had a very smooth surface which contributed to the low drag of the aircraft. The Sperrin employed a traditional straight wing, although the fixed leading edge was slightly swept and featured curved fillets at the junction with the engine nacelles. The trailing edge had simple flaps inboard of the nacelles and large ailerons outboard; the outer flaps were to incorporate air brakes, but were replaced with split-brakes prior to the first flight.
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There are two insignia used by USN and USCG lieutenant commanders. On service khakis and all working uniforms, lieutenant commanders wear a gold oak leaf collar device, similar to the ones worn by majors in the USAF and Army, and identical to that worn by majors in the Marine Corps. In all dress uniforms, they wear sleeve braid or shoulder boards bearing a single gold quarter-inch stripe between two gold half-inch strips (nominal size). Above or inboard of the stripes, they wear their speciality insignia (i.e.
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Nevertheless, when the Japanese attacked the fleet at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, they did so having achieved complete surprise. Totally unprepared for the surprise attack, both ships were anchored in Battleship Row, where California was sunk in shallow water. Tennessee, moored inboard of the battleship and thus protected from torpedo attacks, emerged relatively undamaged, though fires from other ships had warped some of her hull plates and necessitated repairs. She was also trapped when West Virginia sank and came to rest up against Tennessee, forcing her up against the concrete quay.
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At some point early in her career, Vitse-admiral Popov was fitted with a telescoping spar torpedo. Together with Novgorod, the ship made a cruise to the Romanian town of Sulina on the Danube in mid-1878. Testing before the war revealed that the larger inboard propellers were more effective than the smaller outboard ones and that there was insufficient steam produced to supply all the engines, but the war delayed plans to remove the outermost pair until 1878. This reduced her total power to and her speed by about .
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A series of thrusts verging towards the trench are formed with the youngest most outboard structures progressively uplifting the older more inboard thrusts. The shape of the wedge is determined by how readily the wedge will fail along its basal decollement and in its interior; this is highly sensitive to pore fluid pressure. This failure will result in a mature wedge that has an equilibrium triangular cross-sectional shape of a critical taper. Once the wedge reaches a critical taper, it will maintain that geometry and grow only into a larger similar triangle.
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It was covered by a mixture of plywood and fabric. The camber-changing split flaps, inboard of the ailerons, had a maximum deflection of 40° and could act as airbrakes as well as increasing low speed lift. The wing was mounted over an oval-section, ply-covered semi- monocoque fuselage on a short faired pylon, ahead of which was an enclosed cockpit. A sprung landing skid ran under the forward fuselage; aft, the fuselage became slender before ending at an integral, ply-covered fin which carried a rounded, fabric-covered, balanced rudder.
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The new GT uses a pushrod suspension system, which move the primary components of the suspension inboard and provide space for the large aerodynamic elements in the bodywork of the car. The suspension is hydraulically adjustable, and the ride height can drop from in comfort mode to in Track or Vmax modes. These drive modes also dynamically adjust the dampening component of the suspension, which consists of two springs stacked in series. In Track and Vmax modes, one of these springs is completely locked to increase the overall spring rate of the system.
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The Type 105 was an unequal span single bay biplane powered by a supercharged Bristol Jupiter VII air-cooled radial engine driving a two-bladed propeller. The structure was all-metal with a fabric covering, using members built up from rolled high-tensile steel strips riveted together. In order to ensure the maximum field of view there was a large semi-circular cut-out in the trailing edge of the upper wing and the inboard section of the lower was of reduced chord. Frise ailerons were fitted to the top wing only.
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Criticisms were confined to its landing limitations; the absence of flaps meant a shallow approach, the absence of brakes could be a problem at short strips and its small wheels did not suit rough surfaces. After a period of disuse the Orlik was quickly restored to flight in mid-2003. Photographs from that year show the wheels enclosed in spats and flaps which occupy all the trailing edge inboard of the aileron. It underwent a series of quantitative tests with results good enough to encourage Orliński's son to start a second airframe in 2004.
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43 The anti- torpedo bulges of the G3 battlecruisers were intended to withstand the explosion of a torpedo warhead. They consisted of an outer air space, an inner buoyancy space and the torpedo bulkhead that consisted of two layers of high- tensile steel. The bulkhead was situated some inboard from the side of the ship. Postwar tests done on a replica of this system showed that filling the buoyancy space with water rather than the sealed steel crushing tubes as used in was just as effective and weighed less.
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An 1895 article in Scientific American entitled "A Portable Electric Propeller for Boats" stated: "Briefly described, it consists of a movable tube which is hinged at the stern of the boat, much as an oar is used in sculling. The tube contains a flexible shaft formed of three coils of phosphor bronze. This tube extends down and out into the water, where it carries a propeller, and at the inboard end an electric Motor is attached, which is itself driven by batteries." It was invented and sold by the Electric Boat company.
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The three Urendo variants were distinguished by the details of the ailerons on the outer panels, the airbrakes, also on the outer panels but at their inboard limit, and the presence or absence of centre section flaps. The Urendo's fuselage is steel-framed and fabric-covered. Behind the wings it has a kite shaped cross- section, the longer sides reaching down to the keel. The tail surfaces are straight-edged, with a parallel chord tailplane and elevators mounted forward of the fin and on top of the fuselage.
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Both have a spacious V-berth over six feet long and were available with either a 30-HP Universal Atomic 4 gas inboard or an outboard well. The cockpit can comfortably accommodate 4-6 people, and the boat can sleep 4 adults below decks. Standard steering on the boat was with a tiller, but many owners have installed after-market wheel steering. Other typical upgrades would include a roller furling headstay to replace the original forestay, and upgraded instrumentation such as depth, speed, and wind gauges, which did not come standard on the original boats.
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The brake drums are cast aluminum with cast-in iron braking surfaces. The rear brakes are inboard mounted next to the differential so that braking torque is transmitted directly to the frame without influencing any of the rear wheel articulating members. Braking effort distribution is 57% front and 43% rear to take advantage of the superior braking characteristics of the weight distribution afforded by the rear engine type vehicle. The brakes may be actuated by either one of two pedals so that the driver may use either foot depending on the particular driving situation.
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When an isolation signal is given to a group, both the inboard and outboard valves stroke closed. Tests of isolation logic must be performed regularly and is a part of each plant's technical specifications. The timing of these valves to stroke closed is a component of each plant's safety analysis and failure to close in the analyzed time is a reportable event. Examples of isolation groups include the main steamlines, the reactor water cleanup system, the reactor core isolation cooling (RCIC) system, shutdown cooling, and the residual heat removal system.
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According to Boeing, the parts, manufactured by subcontractor Vought Aircraft Industries, were, under certain loads, susceptible to cracking. Boeing said that the issue would not affect flight testing, but other sources stated that the problem could impact the operating envelope of the aircraft until it was fully repaired. Two other issues found during testing were oscillation in the inboard aileron and a structural flutter, which had not been resolved as of 2010. Combined, these problems slowed flight testing and used up almost all the margin in Boeing's development schedule.
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To prove the concept Miles designed and built a 5/8th scale version, the M.39B, which flew on 22 July 1943, showing no "undesirable handling" characteristics. It coincided with interest by the authorities in unorthodox designs for large aircraft. The rear wing was higher than the forward one to avoid downwash and give ground clearance for the propellers. The M39 design had inboard flaps and outboard ailerons on the rear wing and the front wing had an auxiliary aerofoil/flap/elevator device, which could vary the wing area without changing lift coefficient.
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Bristol Blenheim 3S, showing the Opel Senator taillights Bristol Blenheim 4S/G With the Blenheim, Bristol further refined the 603, in particular modernising the mechanicals of the car through the introduction of multi-port fuel injection, which improved both performance and fuel consumption. Turbocharging was no longer available, but the Blenheim Series 1 still had the same level of performance as the Brigand. There was a significant change in frontal and rear-end styling with the introduction of the Blenheim. The headlights were paired and mounted considerably inboard from the extreme front of the car.
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The advantages of the petrol-paraffin engine are that (compared to petrol): # Paraffin can be cheaper and/or more readily available # Being less flammable, paraffin is safer to store # Being less volatile, paraffin is less likely to go "stale" in the tank. Some of these advantages have become illusory since paraffin, once widely available as a cheap fuel, has become rarer and more expensive, particularly in developed countries. Also, while some older vessels still use marine petrol-paraffin engines, most inboard marine engines now tend to be diesels.
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Citation: > For extraordinary heroism while serving on board the U.S.S. Remlik, on the > morning of 17 December 1917, when the Remlik encountered a heavy gale. > During this gale, there was a heavy sea running. The depth charge box on the > taffrail aft, containing a Sperry depth charge, was washed overboard, the > depth charge itself falling inboard and remaining on deck. MacKenzie, on his > own initiative, went aft and sat down on the depth charge, as it was > impracticable to carry it to safety until the ship was headed up into the > sea.
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Robinson's Disengaging Gear was used in the Royal Navy through the 1970s in the Type 12 frigates, the Leander class frigates, and the County class guided missile destroyers. The standard seaboat was a 26-foot "3 in 1" whaler with an inboard diesel engine, and a crew of 6. After that time the Royal Navy wanted to reduce the overall crew size on ships, and so switched to smaller seaboats, launched from a single wire crane. The new single wire system was released with the new Henriksen Hook.
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This resulted in a softer axle crossing stiffness that anti-roll bars would have otherwise compromised. The leading arm / trailing arm swinging arm, fore-aft linked suspension system together with inboard front brakes had a much smaller unsprung weight than existing coil spring or leaf designs. The interconnection transmitted some of the force deflecting a front wheel up over a bump, to push the rear wheel down on the same side. When the rear wheel met that bump a moment later, it did the same in reverse, keeping the car level front to rear.
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The Nordland boat has a clinker, or lapstrake hull design and has its rudder on the sternpost. Its length varies from 14 to well over 40 feet and usually has a length to beam ratio of 3-1 to 4-1. It has a high prow and stern, shallow keel, v-hull and has an inboard gunwale, which can be used to drain off the fishing nets when they are drawn on board. Some of the larger Nordlanders have a detachable cabin that is used for shelter, often having a wood-burning stove inside.
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Its wing is of trapezoidal plan with blunt tips, constructed from two metal spars and stressed aluminium skin. Inboard of the ailerons, which are fabric covered over aluminium alloy frames and mass balanced, there are hydraulically operated split flaps. The horizontal tail, mounted on the top of the fuselage, is also straight tapered with blunt tips but the fin and rudder are more rounded, with a long dorsal fillet reaching forward to the rear of the cockpit glazing. All the rear surfaces have alloy frames and fabric covering.
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Steffes ordered the propeller feathered and the aircraft lifted off at an airspeed of , then number three (starboard inboard) propeller suddenly went to 3,500 rpm. Moore reduced its speed to 2,800 rpm by reducing the manifold pressure. Steffes attempted to retract the landing gear by moving the gear switch to the "up" position but the gear did not respond; with the undercarriage still extended, drag reduced the aircraft's airspeed to . Steffes checked the landing gear fuse; finding it satisfactory, he attempted to raise the gear again, but the gear motors did not operate.
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A typical FAI speed model - with control lines stored on reel between flights. Very long inboard wing acts as a fairing for the control lines, greatly reducing aerodynamic drag Speed is divided up into different engine capacity classes and a Jet class (using pulse jet engines). As the name suggests, the idea is to have the model go as fast as possible. The model is timed over a number of laps, and the pilot must hold the handle controlling his model in a yoke on top of a pole in the center of the circle.
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The LeO H-10 (H for hydravion or waterplane) was a two-seat floatplane designed for reconnaissance work from Naval vessels. It was an unstaggered biplane with unswept wings of constant chord that could be folded for ease of onboard stowage. The interplane strut arrangement was unusual: outboard, there were conventional upright pairs but just inboard of these another pair ran diagonally in Warren girder style, replacing the conventional flying wires. The lower wing folded at a rear hinge on a short stub wing; outboard of the break was a single vertical strut.
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The boat has a draft of with the standard keel and most boats were fitted with a Japanese Yanmar diesel engine of two cylinders and or, less commonly three cylinders and , though a few early Bayfield 30/32s were fitted with a unique Sperry Vickers hydraulic drive and a few with Mercedes-Benz diesels. The mainsheet traveller is mounted at the aft of the cockpit. The staysail has tracks mounted inboard and the genoa has outboard tracks on the bulwarks. The cockpit has dual two-speed winches and dual single speed winches.
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When slightly opened the upper brakes will spoil the lift, but when fully opened will present a large surface and so can provide significant drag. Some gliders have terminal velocity dive brakes, which provide enough drag to keep its speed below maximum permitted speed, even if the glider were pointing straight down. This capability is considered a safer way to descend without instruments through cloud than the only alternative which is an intentional spin. ;Flaps: Flaps are movable surfaces on the trailing edge of the wing, inboard of the ailerons.
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The chassis of the 32 was an aluminium monocoque with steel front and rear bulkhead and centre section to bring it up to weight. Suspension followed the usual Lotus practice; coil spring/damper units were mounted inboard at the front and outboard at the rear. The front wishbones were slightly wider-based while rear geometry had changed and was fully adjustable, unlike the Lotus 27. The Girling brakes were outboard all round. The 32 was powered by the new Cosworth SCA 998 cc engine with twin 40DCM2 Weber carburettors, producing at 8700 rpm.
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The major difference was in the brake rods of which there were two inboard of the wheels. The earlier SO and 562 locomotives had four pull- rods, the outer ones being outside of the wheels. The 1915 batch (Classified 52 and 502) had direct motion, without rocker arms, driving inclined piston valves, and Robinson superheater. The only external difference was that the shaft and reversing rod were a little higher which resulted in the rear of the left hand side sandbox rod being inclined upwards from the centre sandbox back to the firebox.
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The 767 is a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a conventional tail unit featuring a single fin and rudder. The wings are swept at 31.5 degrees and optimized for a cruising speed of Mach 0.8 (). Each wing features a supercritical airfoil cross-section and is equipped with six- panel leading edge slats, single- and double-slotted flaps, inboard and outboard ailerons, and six spoilers. The airframe further incorporates Carbon- fiber-reinforced polymer composite material wing surfaces, Kevlar fairings and access panels, plus improved aluminum alloys, which together reduce overall weight by versus preceding aircraft.
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The bomb was dropped from an F-15E Strike Eagle, then acquired, tracked, and guided itself onto a moving target using its tri-mode seeker, scoring a direct hit.Small Diameter Bomb II Successfully Hits Moving Target on the Ground – Deagel.com, July 19, 2012 In January 2013 four SDB IIs were loaded into the weapons bay of an F-35 Lightning II alongside an AIM-120 AMRAAM missile. The successful fit check validated that the SDB II was compatible with the F-35 and gave adequate clearance in sweeps of inboard and outboard bay doors.
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The wing had constant chord and only slightly rounded tips, the latter built out of papier-mâché. It carried a pair of narrow ailerons, inboard of which were wing-folding boxes, hinged sections of the trailing edge which could be lifted up to allow the wings to fold backwards against the fuselage. All four spars were identical and the pairs of ailerons and wingboxes were interchangeable to keep the costs of spares low. Pairs of V-shaped lift struts ran from the lower fuselage longerons to the two wing spars.
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Ron Angel later said that the bike had been built by Ducati at his request for the previous Bathurst, but was then ruled ineligible, so more work was done and the bike was sent by sea, arriving in time for the race the following year, where it was presented as a production bike. It had special parts, including the Imola cams and the limited availability close ratio gearbox. The 2 kg inboard flywheel had been removed, but the bike did not have the straight cut primary gears of the Imola bikes.
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In addition, an exhaust system to reduce noise levels to below those from ejector exhausts was devised for the North Star/Argonaut. This "cross-over" system took the exhaust flow from the inboard bank of cylinders up-and-over the engine before discharging the exhaust stream on the outboard side of the UPP nacelle. As a result, sound levels were reduced by between 5 and 8 decibels. The modified exhaust also conferred an increase in horsepower over the unmodified system of , resulting in a 5 knot improvement in true air speed.
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The bottom end block was painted either green or red for racing or road respectively and featured a centrally positioned flywheel, twin inboard main bearings, overhung crankpins and doors to enable ease of access to the engine. The redesigned three-speed gearbox, multi-plate clutch and the repositioned magneto were all significant improvements. 1932 Squirrel In 1929 Scott achieved third place in the Isle of Man TT and launched a road going TT Replica Flying Squirrel. Following cost cutting the factory also launched a basic touring model in 1929 for under £70.
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The Tejas aerodynamic configuration is based on a pure delta-wing layout with shoulder-mounted wings. Its advanced flight control surfaces actuators are all hydraulically actuated with dual redundant hydraulic system powered by quad redundant electrical power supply. The wing's outer leading edge incorporates three-section slats, while the inboard sections have additional slats to generate vortex lift over the inner wing and high-energy air-flow along the tail fin to enhance high-AoA stability and prevent departure from controlled flight. The wing trailing edge is occupied by two- segment elevons to provide pitch and roll control.
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Texas then swung behind Brooklyn but Oregon then ran up on Texas and passed inboard, masking Texass fire. Oregon, initially to the rear of the action but the fastest ship in the U.S. fleet, soon raced past Indiana, which had an engine problem and could make only at the time of the battle. Iowa had started from a disadvantaged position and was passed by Infanta Maria Teresa but hit her with two rounds from and swung into the chase. As Iowa was passed in turn by Cristóbal Colón, the Spanish ship hit her with two shots from her secondary battery.
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It was plywood-covered and had split flaps inboard of the ailerons. The cantilever tail unit was similarly constructed with the straight-tapered horizontal surfaces on top of the extreme aft fuselage; the single-piece elevator carried an offset trim tab. The vertical tail was tall and straight-edged; the bottom of the horn balanced rudder was above the elevator and just aft of its hinge, with a small cut-out to allow for elevator deflection. The L-17's fuselage was a plywood- skinned wooden semi-monocoque, the cockpit seating two side by side under a single piece canopy.
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Trojan by 1968 had become the one of the largest producer of inboard motor boats in the world, employing over 700 people, most on their 26-acre site in a 142,000 square foot factory and adjacent truck depot at 167 Greenfield Road, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In 1966 Trojan acquired the Shepherd Boat Company, Canada, manufacturer of up to 50-foot wooden motor yachts., The Elkton Plant, located on 26 acres of land at the top of the Elk River, opened in the spring of 1965. In the 30,000 square- foot industrial structure , the 42-foot leisure boat, as well as smaller craft, were built.
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Fragments broke a steam pipe in the engine room and forced its abandonment as well as that of the adjacent boiler room. Power was lost to the port inboard propeller shaft and the ship's speed dropped to . Anti-aircraft fire shot down two Helldivers during this attack. Three minutes later, nine Avengers attacked from both sides of the ship, scoring three torpedo hits on the port side. One hit abreast Turret No. 1, the second flooded a hydraulic machinery room forcing the main turrets to switch over to auxiliary hydraulic pumps, and the third flooded another engine room.
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She returned to the air on 8 December 2004, and had been touring the air show circuit since then. The Liberty Foundation also planned an historic overseas tour in July 2008 along the northern ferry route to England. On the morning of 13 June 2011, Liberty Belle made a forced landing in Oswego, Illinois, after taking off from Aurora Municipal Airport in Sugar Grove, Illinois. Shortly after takeoff, the pilot of a T-6 Texan chase plane informed Liberty Belles pilot that the B-17 inboard left wing was on fire and advised an immediate landing.
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Superyacht tenders include classic-influenced boats (such as mahogany runabouts), custom made luxury tenders, and support vessels that follow (shadow) the yacht. Superyachts may have one or more large custom tenders in one of an assortment of styles with inboard engines and driven either by propellers or jetboat impellers. Long established custom builders such as Hodgdon Yachts and Vikal International, have developed high-end limousine tenders and specialized multi purpose tenders. Tenders may serve as pleasure craft or speed boats to drag bananas and for waterskiing, wakeboarding and also to transport and service leisure scuba set diving.
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In many places, laws restrict the use of heavily tinted glass in vehicle windshields; generally, laws specify the maximum level of tint permitted. Some vehicles have noticeably more tint in the uppermost part of the windshield to block sunglare. In aircraft windshields, an electric current is applied through a conducting layer of tin(IV) oxide to generate heat to prevent icing. A similar system for automobile windshields, introduced on Ford vehicles as "Quickclear" in Europe ("InstaClear" in North America) in the 1980s and through the early 1990s, used this conductive metallic coating applied to the inboard side of the outer layer of glass.
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Early examples used a patented system in which the wingtips pivoted to act as slab elevons providing control in pitch and roll, while later types had more conventional elevons in the wing trailing edge. Yaw stability was generally achieved by vertical fins, and control by vertical rudders, but the exact arrangement varied between types and even during the flight testing of individual machines. The Mk. I differed in having horizontal "electroscope rudders" on the trailing edge, inboard of the movable wingtips, which acted to provide differential drag. The IA had no vertical surfaces but small fixed fins were added to the IB.
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In 1964 he started Donzi Marine made the Donzi brand an international success and quickly sold the company to Teleflex Inc. in mid 1965. In 1966, he founded Magnum Marine and in 1967 proceeded to win his first World Championship driving two 27' Magnums, a single engine inboard and a triple engine Mercury powered outboard. Since he was not supposed to be building boats in 1969, according to his non-compete clause following the sale of Magnum Marine, Aronow built the first Cigarette boat under the name Cary, with the help of Elton Cary's Miami Beach facility.
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Like many Rutan designs, the Solitaire uses a canard layout, with a lifting foreplane with elevators for pitch control at the nose, and a rudder at the rear of a tail boom. The pilot sits under a bubble canopy and the electro-hydraulically retractable gasoline engine occupies the space between the pilot's feet and the canard. The aircraft is constructed from fiberglass on Nomex honeycomb and urethane foam. The wing has a built-in mid-span twist to offset the effects of the canard's downwash, with the inboard having 2 degrees less twist than the outboard portion of the wing.
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Eastern Airlines Flight 935 was a scheduled commercial passenger flight operated by Eastern Airlines. On September 22, 1981, Eastern Airlines Flight 935, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar jet suffered an uncontained engine failure which led to a loss of 3 out of the 4 hydraulic systems aboard the aircraft at an altitude of MSL. The crew were able to land the aircraft safely to an emergency landing at John F. Kennedy International Airport with some limited use of the outboard spoilers, the inboard ailerons and the horizontal stabilizer, plus differential engine power of the remaining two engines. There were no injuries.
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Daimler Armoured Car The first major production of the H-drive and the greatest numbers produced were for the British Daimler Armoured Car and Daimler Dingo scout cars of WWII. As relatively small four- wheeled vehicles, these used a simplified layout of the H-drive. A single wide casing housed the differential and transfer box, with four articulated driveshafts running to bevel gear boxes inboard of each wheel. The use of bevel boxes, rather than DAF's worm gears, required the final drive reduction to be placed in the hubs, using an epicyclic reduction in each hub.
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The Formula Junior version also used smaller gauge chassis tubing and Alfin drum brakes on all four corners. Further contributing to the weight advantage was the adoption of lightweight sequential manual transmission originally developed for Lotus 12 by Richard Ansdale and Harry Mundy incorporating the unique sequential-shifting gearbox and a ZF limited slip differential in a common Magnesium alloy housing to form a transaxle, which also provided the mounting points for inboard rear brakes. This gearbox had been improved in its reliability for Lotus 15 and 16 in 1957-58 by Keith Duckworth, who had just joined Lotus as a gearbox engineer.
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As originally conceived by Harley Earl, GM Vice President of Design, the conical bumper guards would mimic artillery shells.10-1-2006. Fitzgerald, Craig Dagmar Bumpers, Hemmings Motor News Placed inboard of the headlights on front bumpers of Cadillacs, they were intended to both convey the image of a speeding projectile and protect vehicles' front ends in collisions. The similarity of these features to the then popular bullet bra as epitomized by buxom television personality Dagmar was inescapable. As the 1950s wore on and American automakers' use of chrome grew more flamboyant, they grew more pronounced.
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As the additional main battery turrets with their associated magazines used a great amount of space within each already-limited ship, Capps was forced to economize in other ways to stay within the tonnage limit. Machinery had to be built smaller than normal to fit in the space between the fore and aft magazines, both of which were larger than usual. Boiler rooms were moved inboard to make room for torpedo protection. The biggest drawback was in propulsion: there was no room for engines that could provide the same amount of power as on previous battleships.
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Whinney 1986, p.104-105 Wanderer was deployed to the close escort group for Convoy JW 55B which was a part of the Russian convoys, sailing from Loch Ewe on 20 December when she had to rescue a young seaman that fell overboard; although they had him inboard with the doctor within seven minutes the cold killed him. The close escort group remained with the convoy well up into the Arctic Circle before they turned for home to refuel.Whinney 1986, p.114-116 A few days afterwards warships from JW 55B were involved in the Battle of the North Cape.
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Each B-52 would carry two of the missiles, one under each wing, on a pylon located between the B-52's fuselage and its inboard pair of engines."AGM-28 Hound Dog Missile" Access date: 8 October 2007. Both Chance Vought and North American Aviation submitted GAM-77 proposals to the USAF in July 1957, and both based on their earlier work on long-range ground-launched cruise missiles. Vought's submission was for an air-launched version of the Regulus missile, developed for the US Navy, while North American's was adapted from their Navaho missile.
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Powered by one 10,150 lbf (45.17 kN) Rolls- Royce Avon 203 turbojet engine, revised wing with a leading edge "dogtooth" and four hardpoints, and a follow-up tailplane on later aircraft (also retrofitted to the early production examples) to improve pitch response at high Mach number, first flight 22 January 1954, 384 built. ;;Hunter F.6A :Modified F.6 with brake parachute and 230 gallon inboard drop tanks, for use at RAF Brawdy, where diversion airfields were distant. ;Hunter T.7 :Two-seat trainer built for the RAF. A side by side seating nose section replaced the single seat nose.
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It featured a redesigned wing cellule with no stagger and an extra set of struts inboard, facilitating folding for stowage, a modified fuselage that carried emergency floatation gear, and main undercarriage that could be folded for stowage on the WB.IIIF. Later examples, designated WB.IIID could jettison their undercarriage for safer water landings. As many as one hundred were built, with small numbers deployed on various Royal Navy warships including the carriers , and seaplane tenders Nairana and Pegasus. Performance was less than the Sopwith Pup on which it had been based and it was largely superseded by the Sopwith 2F1 Ships Camel.
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For the Fi 156, this setup along each wing panel's trailing edge was split nearly 50/50 between the inboard-located flaps and outboard-located ailerons, which, in turn, included trim tab devices over half of each aileron's trailing edge length. Fi 156 in flight A design feature rare for land-based aircraft enabled the wings on the Storch to be folded back along the fuselage in a manner similar to the wings of the Royal Navy's Fairey Swordfish torpedo bomber. This allowed the aircraft to be carried on a trailer or even towed slowly behind a vehicle.
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These surfaces occupied essentially all the trailing edge of each wing, with a pair of differential ailerons outboard and a camber- changing flap inboard. DFS type airbrakes, larger than those of the PWS-101, were mounted on the main spar at about one-third span. The plywood semi- monocoque fuselage had an elliptical section and was more slender than that of the PWS-101. The cockpit was ahead of the wings, where the ply structure ended at half-height and the upper part was covered by smoothly curved, multi-part glazing which reached from nose to wing leading edge.
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The vertical tail was very similar to that of the PWS-101, with a curved fin and broad rudder but the horizontal tail had a new, elliptical plan, with the hinge between tailplane and split elevators lying on the major axis. Like the wings, fixed tail surfaces were ply-covered and control surfaces fabric-covered. As on the earlier design, the trailing edges of the latter were ahead of the rudder hinge and the elevators were assisted by inboard Flettner tabs. The PWS-102 had a conventional sprung skid for landing but took off on a two-wheel trolley which was immediately discarded.
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Inboard of the lower engines, the lower wings slope upwards to pass above the fuselage rather than through it, thus keeping the spars from obstructing potential cabin space. Both the elevators and ailerons are controlled via a large diameter Y-tube; the core controls being duplicated.NACA 1935, p. 6. The tailplane was of a biplane configuration, being furnished with three separate fins. The H.P.42 was powered by an arrangement of four Bristol Jupiter XIFs, each capable of producing up to , while the H.P.45 variant instead used four Jupiter XFBM supercharged engines, which could generate a maximum of each.
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In 1907, he won the Coppa Florio and the 50,000 Lira prize at the Corse di Brescia driving an Isotta Fraschini for in 4 hours 39 minutes. At the 1923 Italian Grand Prix at Monza he finished fourth in the world’s first mid-engine Grand Prix car, the Benz Tropfenwagen, trailing behind the superior supercharged Fiats. Edmund Rumpler’s ground breaking design used a normally aspirated, 1991 cc, 6 cylinder, twin cam Benz engine delivering only which was mounted behind the driver in the ‘tear drop’ design. The car also featured swing axle independent rear suspension and inboard brakes.
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NASA's Mothership Factsheet Flying with NASA tail number 008, the plane was nicknamed Balls 8 by Air Force pilots, following a tradition of referring to aircraft numbered with multiple zeroes as "Balls" plus the final number. Balls 8 received significant modifications in order to carry the X-15. A special pylon, designed to carry and release the X-15, was installed under the right wing between the fuselage and inboard engine. A notch was also cut out of one of the right wing's flaps so that the plane could accommodate the X-15's vertical tail.
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Gulfstream, in collaboration with Grumman, began work on the Gulfstream IV in March 1983 as a re-engined, stretched fuselage derivative of the Gulfstream III. A decision to redesign the wing structure for weight reduction presented an opportunity for an aerodynamic redesign of the wing to reduce cruise drag and increase range. Wing contour modifications had to be restricted to the forward 65% of wing chord so that no redesign of the control surfaces would be necessary. Modification of the inboard wing would have entailed a redesign of the fuselage floor structure, consequently this region of the wing was not modified.
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Jane's (1946) Douglas Pobjoy then moved on to designing de-icing equipment for high-altitude flights. During the Second World War, Pobjoy ran a section of Rotol Airscrews of Gloucester, England, and was responsible for the design and development of an airborne generator, intended for use on the Short Shetland flying boat. The unit consisted of a flat-six sleeve-valve air-cooled petrol engine driving the generator. This was installed inboard on the aircraft, and due to the incorrect closure of the cooling ducts the engine overheated and the resulting fire destroyed the prototype Shetland.
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Production at Citroën's plant in Slough, England was from 1953 to 1960. Until then British construction and use regulations made cars with inboard front brakes such as the 2CV illegal. Producing the car in Britain allowed Citroën to circumvent trade barriers and to sell cars in the British Empire and Commonwealth. It achieved some success in these markets, to the extent that all Slough-built 2CVs were fitted with improved air cleaners and other modifications to suit the rough conditions found in Australia and Africa, where the 2CV's durability and good ride quality over rough roads attracted buyers.
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At the front of the DB-10 the thick aerofoil centre section stretched unbroken between the engines, which were mounted upon it. Beyond the engines outer wings of normal thickness and constant chord, significantly thinner and narrower than the inboard section, were each supported by a pair of parallel struts to the lower edge of the centre section. Wing spars and struts were made of steel tubing, with duralumin ribs. A conventional, rectangular section, fuselage with duralumin longerons emerged from the centre section as the thick aerofoil thinned, carrying a tailplane on its upper surface, braced from below.
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Saker Bruce Turnbull of Turnbull Engineering was a race car driver who constructed a successful Formula Ford racing car, the Keram in 1982. This evolved into the Tull 84C, which featured pushrod inboard suspension, and then the Tull 86C for the 1987 season. In 1988 Turnbull acquired the moulds for the Mararn and began to design and construct the Tull Saker SV. These cars are still being made in New Zealand and since 2002, in Etten-Leur, Netherlands as well. From 1992 to 2001 Turnbull made the Tull Sambat, a small farm vehicle built on a Subaru Leone chassis.
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The most important characteristic of the FJ-4B, however, was that it was capable of carrying a nuclear weapon on the inboard port station. It was equipped with the LABS or Low-Altitude Bombing System for the delivery of nuclear weapons. The Navy was eager to maintain a nuclear role in its rivalry with the Air Force, and it equipped 10 squadrons with the FJ-4B. It was also flown by three Marine squadrons. In April 1956 the Navy ordered 151 more FJ-4Bs, bringing the production to a total of 152 FJ-4s and 222 FJ-4Bs.
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The car was constructed by Alfa Romeo's racing department Autodelta, and featured a Carlo Chiti designed Alfa Romeo flat-12 engine which had been used earlier in the Alfa Romeo 33TT12 and 33SC12 sports cars. In this engine was supplied to Brabham and the deal continued until . The 177, the designation of which was derived from the fact that its design was commenced in 1977, was a bulky car finished in the handsome dark red colour adopted by Autodelta. The 177 featured a riveted aluminium chassis, with front suspension by upper rocking arms, lower wishbones and inboard-mounted coil spring/damper units.
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They spotted a Japanese force of two battleships, one cruiser and eleven destroyers and immediately opened fire, sinking the . Shortly thereafter, Portland was struck by a torpedo fired by either the destroyer or the destroyer at 01:58, causing heavy damage to her stern. The torpedo struck the starboard side, which blew off both inboard propellers, jammed the rudder five degrees to starboard, and jammed her Number Three turret in train and elevation. A four degree list was quickly corrected by shifting ballast, but the steering problem could not be overcome and the ship was forced to steam in circles to starboard.
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The TAO evolved through a series of extensional back-arcs separated by compressional events when the subducting oceanic plate got stuck in Gondwana's margin. As Gondwana was amalgamated in the Early Palaeozoic during the so-called Pan-African orogenies the TAO propagated along the southern (modern coordinates) Proto-Pacific/Iapetus margin of the supercontinent. The TAO ended with the Gondwanide orogeny. This and younger orogens covers most of the outboard margin of the TAO, and, likewise, the inboard margin is almost entirely covered by younger deposits and ice but remains exposed in Australia along the Torrens Hinge Line or Delamarian orogeny.
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In interviews Shinoda and Mitchell both describe Mitchell buying a spare SS chassis for US$500. He estimated the value of the chassis at US$500,000. Duntov tried to prevent Mitchell from buying the chassis, but was unsuccessful. Inherited from the Corvette SS were the earlier car's tubular steel space frame chassis, wheelbase and front and rear track, front short/long arm suspension (SLA) and rear De Dion tube located by two pairs of trailing arms with coil springs over tubular shocks front and rear and drum brakes mounted outboard in front and inboard in the rear.
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The 1959 Corvette Sting Ray concept and 1960 XP-700 show car in the front and the 1963 Corvette convertible and fastback in the back. The 1963 Sting Ray production car's lineage can be traced to two separate GM projects: the Q-Corvette, and Bill Mitchell's racing Sting Ray. The Q-Corvette exercise of 1957 envisioned a smaller, more advanced Corvette as a coupe-only model, boasting a rear transaxle, independent rear suspension, and four-wheel disc brakes, with the rear brakes mounted inboard. Exterior styling was purposeful, with peaked fenders, a long nose, and a short, bobbed tail.
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The Ministry expressed a preference for an air- cooled engine and all manufacturers apart from Armstrong-Whitworth and Blackburn chose the nine-cylinder Bristol Pegasus radial. The Westland PV.7 was a large, tall single-engined high-wing monoplane with separate cockpits for two crew. The constant-chord wings were all-metal, built around two spars with ribs and inter-spar rods for stiffening. Leading-edge Handley Page slats were fitted outboard, and the inboard trailing edges carried 4 ft 9 in (1.45 m) span split flaps that opened symmetrically above and below the wing to act as dive brakes.
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The unique front fascia featured an offset hood intake duct for the turbo intercooler and a grill-less nose with sunken single rectangular sealed beam headlamps, flush inboard parking lamps and wraparound outer turn signal lamps. The front end was intended to use flush aerodynamic composite headlamps with replaceable bulbs, but these had not been approved by the US DOT in time for production. Aero headlamps finally appeared on the 1985½ SVO. Hagerty (Insurance), specializing in classic cars, calls the introduction of the first Mustang in 1995 the end of the Malaise era in American auto design.
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Boeing_747-8. Top left: All surfaces at neutral position; Top middle: Right aileron is lowered; Top right: spoilers raised during flight; Middle row: Fowler flaps extended (left), extended more (middle), hinged with inboard slotted part hinged even more (right); Bottom row: spoilers raised during landing On low drag aircraft such as sailplanes, spoilers are used to disrupt airflow over the wing and greatly reduce lift. This allows a glider pilot to lose altitude without gaining excessive airspeed. Spoilers are sometimes called "lift dumpers". Spoilers that can be used asymmetrically are called spoilerons and can affect an aircraft's roll.
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The running gear of the original Corvair was retained. The front suspension comprised an upper A-arm and two- piece lower A-arm with coil springs and hydraulic shock-absorbers mounted to a unitized subframe. An anti-roll bar was fitted at the front. The rear suspension was a swing axle system made up of semi-trailing arms with coil springs and hydraulic shock absorbers mounted to a rear subframe, with drive taken from the transaxle to the wheel hubs through half-shafts that had a universal joint on their inboard ends and a rigid connection at the outboard ends.
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The F12A is a development of the Falconar F11 Sporty, which is, in turn, a variant of the Jodel D11. Falconar indicates that it incorporates a larger cockpit, simplified fittings, shoulder harnesses and aerodynamic improvements to improve stall characteristics over the Jodel design. Hans Teijgeler of Jodel.com says that the F12A varies from the D11 by using a new wing design, with new simplified spar and rib design and the dihedral point moved inboard, allowing the outer portion to fold for ground transport or storage, but at the cost of added weight, plus the option of a third seat.
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The Skylark 4 has a high wing with a single inner section of parallel chord extending out almost to mid span, followed by outer sections with taper on the trailing edges. Ailerons filled almost all of the outer sections and airbrakes, operating in pairs above and below the wings, are mounted on the main spar in the inboard section. The wing is wooden, built around a main spar of Spruce and a lighter rear spar and Gaboon ply covered from this rear spar forward. Behind this spar the wing was fabric covered, though the ailerons were ply skinned.
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Both styles have an inboard engine driving a pump-jet that has a screw-shaped impeller to create thrust for propulsion and steering. Most are designed for two or three people, though four-passenger models exist. Many of today's models are built for more extended use and have the fuel capacity to make long cruises, in some cases even beyond 100 miles (161 km). Personal watercraft are often referred by the trademarked brand names Jet Ski (referring to personal watercraft manufactured by Kawasaki), WaveRunner (referring to personal watercraft manufactured by Yamaha), or Sea-Doo (referring to personal watercraft manufactured by Bombardier).
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Its depth charge, however, fell inboard, lost its safety pin - arming it - and began rolling around on deck. In the ensuing minutes, Chief Boatswains Mate John MacKenzie (1886-1933) ran down the deck and, despite the rolling and pitching of the vessel, got a firm grip on the armed depth charge, put it on end, then sat on it to hold it in place until others could lash it down. Mackenzie was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions. Remlik continued her patrols and escorted ships along the French coast through the remainder of World War I.
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In addition, the General Electric engines had a higher specific fuel consumption than the Boeing's Pratt & Whitney JT3Cs. General Dynamics lost around $185 million over the lifetime of the project, although some sources estimate much higher losses. The aircraft were involved in 17 accidents and five hijackings. A modified version of the basic 880 was the "-M" version which incorporated four leading-edge slats per wing, Krueger leading-edge flaps between the fuselage and inboard engines, power-boosted rudder, added engine thrust, increased fuel capacity, stronger landing gear, greater adjustment to seating pitch, and a simpler overhead compartment arrangement.
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The Ka 3 and its predecessor the Ka 1 were mostly sold as kits for home assembly. Apart from their fuselages the two types are very close in appearance, simplicity, weight and performance. They share a round tipped high wing with constant chord and no sweep, mounted with 2.5° of dihedral and braced with a single lift strut on each side from the lower fuselage to the wing at about one third span. Plain, constant-chord ailerons reach almost from the tips to about mid span and upper wing spoilers are placed at mid chord, inboard of the ailerons.
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1995–1998 Lamborghini Diablo VT Roadster The Diablo VT Roadster was introduced in December 1995 and featured an electronically operated carbon fibre targa top which was stored above the engine lid when not in use. Besides the roof, the roadster's body was altered from the fixed-top VT model in a number of ways. The front bumper was revised, replacing the quad rectangular driving lamps with two rectangular and two round units. The brake cooling ducts were moved inboard of the driving lamps and changed to a straked design, while the rear ducts featured the vertical painted design seen on the SE30.
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The ATTT had high-aspect ratio tandem wings, which were joined by long nacelles which carried the aircraft's engines, tractor configuration turboprops, large fuel tanks and the as well as the main undercarriage units for the aircraft's retractable tricycle landing gear. As first built, it had a conventional, cruciform tail. A novel arrangement of eight fast acting fowler flaps was fitted, inboard and outboard of the engines on each of the wings. These would be extended rearwards in a low-drag configuration prior to commencing the take-off run then quickly lowered to increase lift at the point of take-off.
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The ships were powered by turbo-electric drive. Eight oil- fired Babcock & Wilcox water-tube boilers generated steam that powered two Westinghouse turbo-electric generators that in turn provided power for four electric motors that drove four 3-bladed, screws. The turbines were in separate watertight compartments, arranged fore and aft, with four boilers apiece; each boiler had its own watertight boiler rooms, with two boilers on either side of the turbines. The motors were arranged in three rooms: a larger, central room for the two engines driving the inboard shafts, and one for each outboard shaft on either side.
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The result of their efforts, the Slingsby Type 9 King Kite, emerged as a cantilevered gull wing sailplane with wooden structure covered by plywood throughout, except for fabric covered ailerons, tailpane, elevators and rudder. A large comfortable cockpit housed the pilot under a canopy built up from single curved pieces of plexiglas. To ensure full aileron control at high speed it was necessary to build a stiff wing with ribs at half the normal spacing with a deep laminated timber main spar. The trailing edges of the wings were taken up by landing flaps inboard of the gull joint and ailerons outboard.
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Wsiewołod Jakimiuk, a Polish pre- war engineer, served as the principal designer and led the design team in the development of the new aircraft, which became known as the Chipmunk. He designed a cantilever monoplane that incorporated numerous advances over typical trainer aircraft then in widespread service. These included an enclosed cockpit complete with a rear-sliding canopy, and various aerodynamic features to manage the aircraft's flight performance. Strakes were fitted to deter spin conditions and stall breaker strips along the inboard leading edges of the wing ensured that a stall would originate in this position as opposed to the outboard section.
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Those casemates were protected by 100-millimetre transverse bulkheads. Behind the side armour was an inboard longitudinal splinter bulkhead that was thick between the middle and lower decks and decreased to between the middle and upper decks. The bulkhead sloped away from the edge of the lower deck to the lower edge of the armour belt with a total thickness of 75 millimetres divided between a 50-millimetre plate of Krupp non-cemented armour (KNC) layered above a 25-millimetre nickel-steel plate. The forward end of the armoured citadel was protected separately and the transverse bulkhead was therefore only 75 millimetres thick.
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Although most boats can generate power from their inboard engines, an increasing number carry auxiliary generators. Carrying sufficient fuel to power engine and generator over a long voyage can be a problem, so many cruising boats are equipped with other ancillary generating devices such as solar panels, wind turbines and towed turbines. Cruisers choosing to spend extended time in very remote locations with minimal access to marinas can opt to equip their vessels with watermakers (reverse-osmosis seawater desalination units) used to convert sea water to potable fresh water. Satellite communications are becoming more common on cruising boats.
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The cause of the crash was determined to be a stall caused by the leading edge slats (strictly speaking, outboard variable camber leading-edge slats and inboard Krueger flaps) having been left in the retracted position. Even though the trailing edge flaps were deployed, without the slats being extended the aircraft's stall speed was higher and the maximum angle of attack was lower. As a result, the aircraft was unable to climb out of ground effect. The flight engineer was found to have failed to open the slat system bleed air valves as required on the pre- flight checklist.
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Each station has an island platform, and the Terminal station also includes additional side platforms on the outside of each track. In accordance with the Spanish solution, when a train arrives at the Terminal, the outboard doors open first to allow arriving passengers to exit before inboard doors then open, allowing departing passengers to board. At the Terminal station, trains reverse direction, and use a switch at a crossover located just north of the station to switch into the northbound tunnel. As of April 2017, the trains now reverse at a crossover located south of the main terminal station.
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At 11:26 UTC, the pressure dropped at the inlet of the right external fuel pump, but the pump was left running. Both engines flamed out from the runway, although the first officer was able to restart them for a few more minutes of thrust. As there was no time for the final checklist, the "Land Recovery" switch was neglected, resulting in limited operation of inboard ailerons needed for stability control at low speeds. The left wing tip hit the grassy surface about 660 m short of the runway, followed by the left landing gear, which collapsed after 22 m.
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Since the AMCA is a relaxed static stability design, it is equipped with a quadruplex digital fly-by-optics flight control system to ease pilot handling. The AMCA's aerodynamic configuration is based on a diamond shaped trapezoidal-wing layout with shoulder-mounted wings. Its control surfaces are electro hydraulically actuated and digitally controlled using fiber-optic cables. The wing's outer leading edge incorporates three- section slats, while the inboard sections have additional slats to generate vortex lift over the inner wing and high-energy air-flow along the tail fin to enhance high-angle of attack stability and prevent departure from controlled flight.
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Plan showing the body plan, sheer lines with inboard detail and longitudinal half breadth as proposed for the Liverpool, 1756 Liverpool was launched on 10 February 1758 and immediately commissioned into the Navy under the command of Captain Richard Knight. After taking on her crew, she was assigned to the Royal Navy squadron patrolling the English Channel near Dunkirk, on watch for French vessels seeking to prey on British merchant shipping. On 11 May 1759 Liverpool captured L'Emerillon, an 8-gun French privateer. The vessel and her 52 crew were subsequently delivered to British authorities at Yarmouth.
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1970s Wayne Lifeguard During the 1970s, school buses would undergo a number of design upgrades related to safety. While many changes were related to protecting passengers, others were intended to minimizing the chances of traffic collisions. To decrease confusion over traffic priority (increasing safety around school bus stops), federal and state regulations were amended, requiring for many states/provinces to add amber warning lamps inboard of the red warning lamps. Similar to a yellow traffic light, the amber lights are activated before stopping (at distance), indicating to drivers that a school bus is about to stop and unload/load students.
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As the subducting plate flattens there is an inboard migration in the magmatic arc that can be tracked. In the Chilean flat slab region (~31–32 degrees S), around 7–5 Ma there was an eastward migration, broadening and gradual shutdown down of the volcanic arc associated with slab flattening. This occurs as the previous magmatic arc position on the upper plate (100–150 km above subducting plate) is no longer aligned with the zone of partial melting above the flattening slab. The magmatic arc migrates to a new location that coincides with the zone of partial melting above the flattening slab.
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He decided that his ideal secondary glider should use a similar wing but also have a conventional tail which enabled him to dispense with the wing tip fins and rudders of the Storch and to reduce the wing sweep to about 12°. The inner part of the Falke's wing had constant chord but it became a little narrower outboard where the trailing edge sweep decreased. The ailerons increased the chord again to about its inboard value. It was a two spar structure with plywood covering from the forward spar around the leading edge, forming a D-shaped torsion box.
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The propeller tore a gash long in the aircraft's belly, depressurizing the cabin and jamming the flight and engine controls. The pilots managed to gain some control of the aircraft by using the autopilot and diverted the aircraft to Anchorage. With the engine throttle controls jammed at cruise power, on approach to land the crew was able to make the aircraft descend and climb after shutting down No. 2 (the left inboard) engine in combination with lowering and raising the landing gear. The Electra landed safely at Anchorage International Airport, even with the loss of almost all flight controls.
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The other major difference with the first GSX engines was the move from direct overhead cam actuation of the valve by shim and bucket of the GS engines, to valve actuation via short forked rocker arms in the GSX -the valves stems and springs being located inboard from the camshafts due to the reduced included angle between inlet and exhaust valves. Apart from the heads the GS/GSX engines were of a common design. The current range of bikes by that name are completely different designs that use derivatives of former super sports engines from the early-to- middle GSX-R series.
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There was a pair of shallow inboard underwing radiators. It had a conventional tailwheel undercarriage with its mainwheels mounted on single legs and retracting inwards into the wing and fuselage underside, hydraulically driven via a pair of outboard struts. The tailwheel also retracted hydraulically into the fuselage. The 161 carried both cannon and machine gun armament. Type 77 60° V-12 Hispano-Suiza engines, including the 12 Ycrs model, had an integrated Hispano-Suiza HS.404 cannon between the cylinder banks, firing through the hollow propeller shaft, which was raised above the crankshaft by reduction gearing.
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Inboard brakes improve both handling and comfort but take up space and are harder to cool. Large engines tend to make cars front or rear heavy. Fuel economy, staying cool at high speeds, ride comfort and long wear all tend to conflict with road holding, while wet, dry, deep water and snow road holding are not exactly compatible. A-arm or wishbone front suspension tends to give better handling, because it provides the engineers more freedom to choose the geometry, and more road holding, because the camber is better suited to radial tires, than MacPherson strut, but it takes more space.
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In 1956, Vickers had performed a series of low level tests in WZ383 to assess the type for low level flight at high speed. Several modifications to the aircraft were made, including a metal radome, debris guards on the two inboard engines, and after six flights the aileron and elevator artificial feel was reduced by 50%. Pilots reported problems with cabin heating and condensation that would need remedying. The aircraft was fitted with data recording equipment and these data were used by Vickers to estimate the remaining safe life of the type under these flying conditions.
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The outdrive can be matched with a variety of engines in the appropriate power range; upper and lower units can often be purchased separately to customize gear ratios and propeller RPM, and lower units are also available with counter-rotating gearing to provide balanced torque in dual-drive installations. Sterndrive engines are similar to those used in true inboard systems. Historically the most popular in North America were "marinised" versions of Chevrolet and Ford V-8 automotive engines. In Europe diesel engines are more popular, ranging up to 400 hp in models such as the Volvo Penta D6A-400.
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Gulf Craft was founded in 1982 in the United Arab Emirates by the Alshaali brothers- Mohammed, Abdullah and Jamal and their friend Dr. Mohammed Hamdan. Mohammed Hussain Alshaali currently serves as the Chairman of the company. It started as a manufacturer in the small open boat category. In 1992, Gulf Craft expanded its product range into larger fly-bridge designs using inboard diesel installations. With a growing range of boats and yachts approaching 100’ in length the new millennium saw Gulf Craft sell to Europe and many of it Majesty Yachts fleet are present in the marinas of France, Spain and Italy.
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Originally these struts could pivot through 90° to act as airbrakes, as on the PW-2, but they were later replaced with upper surface spoilers, inboard of the ailerons and positioned immediately behind the spars. The glass-epoxy composite fuselage is in two parts, a forward cabin which ends with a fairing under the wing trailing edge and a slender, square section tailboom just below the wing. Occupants sit in tandem, the student forward and their instructor under the leading edge. A long, one-piece canopy reaches back to the rear seat which has a short, fixed glazed extension under the wing.
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Those on the starboard side were odd-numbered 1–15 from bow to stern, while those on the port side were even-numbered 2–16 from bow to stern. Both cutters were kept swung out, hanging from the davits, ready for immediate use, while collapsible lifeboats C and D were stowed on the boat deck (connected to davits) immediately inboard of boats 1 and 2 respectively. A and B were stored on the roof of the officers' quarters, on either side of number 1 funnel. There were no davits to lower them and their weight would make them difficult to launch by hand.
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Apart from its engine configuration, the C.43 was conventional and shared its airframe with the three-engined C.39. The first five engine aircraft built in France, it was a three bay biplane with fabric-covered, rectangular-plan wings mounted without stagger. The lower wing had dihedral outboard of the engines, reducing the large interwing gap from inboard to outboard. Though their spans were about equal (on the C.39, the upper span was and the lower one ) or 93% of the upper) the area of the lower wing was only 76% that of the upper because of a narrower chord.
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Cross-section of the Littorio class showing the details of the Pugliese system All four ships incorporated a unique underwater protection system named after its designer, Umberto Pugliese. A 40 mm thick torpedo bulkhead extended inboard from the base of the main belt before curving down to meet the bottom of the hull. This formed a void which housed an empty drum wide with thick walls; the rest of the void was filled with liquid. The drum ran the length of the torpedo defense system, and was designed to collapse to contain the explosive pressure of a torpedo hit.
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McDougall's design has been likened to a cigar with bent up ends. The sheer strake (uppermost plank of the hull) of a conventional vessel met the horizontal weather deck at a right-angle gunwale; a whaleback hull had a continuous curve above the waterline from the vertical to the horizontal to where the sides met inboard. The bow and stern were nearly identical in shape, both conoid, truncated to end in a relatively small disc. The superstructure atop the hull was in or on round or oval “turrets”, so-named because of their resemblance to gunhouses on contemporary warships.
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From the late 1960s through the early to mid-1990s, the 351 Windsor had a long history of being marinized by Holman Moody Marine, Redline of Lewiston, ID (now defunct), Pleasure Craft Marine (PCM), and Indmar for use in about every make of recreational boat, including; Correct Craft, Ski Supreme, Hydrodyne, MasterCraft, and Supra inboard competition ski boats. The early marinized engines were rated at . Most PCM and Indmar marinized 351s were rated at . In the early 1990s, a version and a high-output version that used GT-40 heads and the Holley 4160 marine carburetor was rated at .
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1967 Corvette Sting Ray convertible 1967 was the final model year for the second generation. The 1967 model featured restyled fender vents, less ornamentation, and back-up lamps which were on the inboard in 1966 were now rectangular and centrally located. The first use of all four taillights in red started in 1961 and was continued thru the C2 line-up except for the 1966. The 1967 and subsequent models continuing on all Corvettes since. 1967 had the first L88 engine option which was rated at , but unofficial estimates place the actual output at or more.
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Alfa Romeo Sprint 1.7 Quadrifoglio Verde (1983–1987) Alfa Romeo Sprint rear In February 1983 Alfa Romeo updated all of its sports cars; the Sprint received a major facelift. Thereafter the Alfasud prefix and Veloce suffix were abandoned, and the car was known as Alfa Romeo Sprint; this also in view of the release of the Alfa Romeo 33, which a few months later replaced the Alfasud family hatchback. The Sprint initially kept the platform of the earlier Sprint with inboard brakes, but updated body details described below. This model was sold from 1983 in its markets & in Australia only until late 1984.
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The P-16 could provide a high level of short-field performance, a factor which had been emphasized during its design.Flight 1995, p. 152. To accomplish this, the wing was equipped with various high-lift devices; these included somewhat uncommon full-span Krueger flaps on the leading edge, large Fowler- type flaps on the inboard-trailing edge, and Flaperons; ailerons which also operated as flaps. In conjunction, these devices reportedly allowed the aircraft to take off and land within 1,000 ft (330 m) at high altitude, allowing the P-16 to operate from the Alpine valleys characteristic of Switzerland.
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Not only were the supporting structures to the flight deck required to carry the increased weight of landing and parked aircraft, but they were to have sufficient strength to support the storing of spare fuselages and parts (50% of each operational plane type aboard, hence 33% of carried aircraft) under the flight deck and still provide adequate working space for the men using the area below. One innovation in Essex was a portside deck-edge elevator in addition to two inboard elevators. The deck-edge elevator was adopted in the design after it proved successful on .Faltum 1996, p. 6.
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Because of the smoke modification, only the two outboard drop tanks can be used to carry fuel, which gives Surya Kiran aircraft a maximum range of 280 km. For displays, Suryakiran aircraft fly only with two inboard drop tanks, which carry dye for smoke generation. The team has formed up again with 4 Hawk aircraft, with a new paint scheme. In October 2015, the Defense Ministry concluded negotiations between HAL and BAE Systems for the purchase of twenty BAE Systems Hawk Mk.132 aircraft for the Surya Kiran which will be dedicated to the aerobatics display role and fitted with smoke canisters.
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The design of the Millennium Master stemmed from that of an earlier, wooden Asso X kit built aircraft but the structure has been entirely transformed into prepreg carbon fibre by Millennium Aircraft. The structural design was done by the Department of Aerostructures at the University of Turin and the aerodynamics were investigated by Alenia. The Master has a low set, trapezoidal wing, though that plan is modified by an extended wing root fairing or glove, plus wing tips of the Küchemann type with curved leading edges. Flaps occupy the whole trailing edge inboard of the ailerons and have four settings.
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Outboard drives are mounted to the transom and steered by a remote system leading to a wheel mounted on the boat's console. Inboard- Outboard (or stern drives) are a hybrid, with an engine block mounted within the hull linked to a pivotable lower drive unit which steers the craft, similar to an outboard motor. Jet Drives have a propeller enclosed in a pump- jet that draws water from underneath the hull and expels it through a swiveling nozzle in the stern. They are highly maneuverable and tolerant of shallow water, but need larger engines and use more fuel than the other alternatives.
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It is a low wing, single-seat monoplane with a fixed tricycle undercarriage and a high T-tail, powered by a 200 hp (150 kW) Lycoming IO-360 flat four engine. Its wings are built around a wooden box spar and plywood covered except for fibreglass leading edges. They carry wide span ailerons with trim tabs; inboard are glider style aluminium spoilers or airbrakes which can be extended to 50° to slow the aircraft after a diving release of the glider. When deployed, the spoiler surfaces extend both below and above the wing, the upper part perforated.
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Unlike inboard motors, outboard motors can be easily removed for storage or repairs. Bolinder's two-cylinder Trim outboard engine. A Mercury Marine 50 hp outboard engine, circa 1980s Evinrude 70 hp outboard, cowling and air silencer removed, exposing its shift/throttle/spark advance linkages, flywheel, and three carburetors In order to eliminate the chances of hitting bottom with an outboard motor, the motor can be tilted up to an elevated position either electronically or manually. This helps when traveling through shallow waters where there may be debris that could potentially damage the motor as well as the propeller.
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Side view of hull assembly Forward hull assembly of RHIB prepared as an emergency boat on a ferry in British Columbia, Canada RIBs are commonly four to nine metres (13 to 28 ft) long, although they can range in length between 2.5 and 18 metres (7.5 and 55 ft). A RIB is often propelled by one or more outboard motors or an inboard motor turning a water jet or stern drive. Generally the power of the motors is in the range of . Small RHIB being used as a dive boat RIBs are used as rescue craft, safety boats for sailing, dive boats or tenders for larger boats and ships.
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Extensive wind tunnel testing on scale models and complex computational fluid dynamics analyses have optimised the aerodynamic configuration for minimum supersonic drag, a low wing-loading, and high rates of roll and pitch. Tejas in flight The maximum payload capability of Tejas is . All weapons are carried on one or more of seven hardpoints with total capacity of greater than 5,000 kg: three stations under each wing and one on the under-fuselage centreline. An eighth offset station beneath the port-side intake trunk can carry a variety of pods like FLIR, IRST, laser rangefinder/designator, as can the centre line under-fuselage station and inboard pairs of wing stations.
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Taking styling cues from the 1981 design, the new car had full width tail lights, complete with a Firebird emblem in the center. The all-new suspension design was more advanced and aggressive than anything Detroit had offered previously, easily rivaling the Corvette's handling abilities, (but not its sophistication). The front suspension utilized MacPherson struts, with inboard mounted coil springs and lower front control arms. In the rear, coil springs and shocks were positioned between the body and solid rear axle, with twin rear lower control arms/trailing links and a torsion bar, replacing the old-fashioned leaf springs design used previously in the 2nd Gens.
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The game controller has the same dual analog sticks flanking the face of the device, moved outboard from their position on the original GPD Win. The ABXY keys have remained, but likewise moved inboard. The D-pad has been brought back as well. The mouse switch has removed D-input, only having an X-input and a mouse function (although software exists to use D-input games properly with an X-input). The shoulders have the standard L1/R1 and L2/R2 buttons, however the L3/R3 buttons have been moved to the shoulders from the keyboard as on the original GPD Win, for a total of six shoulder buttons.
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At about 10:51 (local time) on 29 July, an electrical power surge in Phantom No. 110 occurred during the switch from external to internal power. The electrical surge caused one of the four 5-inch Mk-32 Zuni unguided rockets in a pod on external stores station 2 (port inboard station) to fire. The rocket was later determined to be missing the rocket safety pin, allowing the rocket to launch. The rocket flew about across the flight deck, likely severing the arm of a crewman, and ruptured a wing-mounted external fuel tank on a Skyhawk from Attack Squadron 46 (VA-46) awaiting launch.
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The tail surfaces had swept, almost straight leading edges, rounded tips and unswept trailing edges on the unbalanced control surfaces. The fuselage was built from two metal half-ovals joined vertically, with a riveted skin. The open cockpit was placed at the wing trailing edge, the fuselage tapering behind it. Each wheel of the 260's fixed, tailwheel undercarriage was mounted on a vertical, faired main leg, with a second strut behind forming a V and a third inboard to the fuselage underside. At the time of the first flight the wheels were enclosed in fairings but these had been removed by October 1932.
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Alexander Lippisch was noted for designing tailless aircraft, with a certain amount of success. Along similar lines as the rocket-powered Me 163, Lippisch designed a tailless fighter to be powered by a Heinkel turbojet. The slow pace of development of reliable turbojets forced Lippisch to redesign the aircraft to be powered by a single Daimler-Benz DB 605 inverted V-12 piston engine, mounted in the nose and driving a pusher propeller at the rear of the fuselage pod, via an extension shaft. The mid-mounted wings would have been swept back 23.4°, housing the skinny retractable main landing gear with elevons inboard and ailerons outboard on the trailing edge.
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Brakes were disc brakes all round, mounted inboard at the rear. That the bodywork enclosing all of Chapman's innovative technology was similar in appearance to the Vanwall Grand Prix cars was no accident, as both cars had been sculpted by pioneer automotive aerodynamacist Frank Costin. As with many of Lotus's competition cars, the aluminium used to construct the bodywork was extremely thin and offered little in the way of support for the underlying chassis members. The car was extremely low and compact, with the bonnet barely reaching the same height as the tops of the front wheels, despite the smaller diameters used from the 1959 season onward.
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Also referred to as U-Control in the US, it was pioneered by the late Jim Walker who often, for show, flew three models at a time. Normally the model is flown in a circle and controlled by a pilot in the center holding a handle connected to two thin steel wires. The wires connect through the inboard wing tip of the plane to a mechanism that translates the handle movement to the aircraft elevator, allowing maneuvers to be performed along the aircraft pitch axis. The pilot will turn to follow the model going round, the convention being anti-clockwise for upright level flight.
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The P.120 followed the earlier Boulton Paul P.111 delta-wing experimental aircraft. It was produced for the Air Ministry to specification E.27/49 and differed from the P.111 in having a swept fin and rudder with horizontal tail surfaces high on the fin to improve longitudinal and directional stability. It had essentially the same wing as the P.111 in the latter's greatest span configuration, an unclipped delta; the wing tips of the P.120 were not removable or replaceable, but they could be rotated differentially or together for lateral or longitudinal trim. Just inboard of these tips the P.120 gained a pair of wingfences.
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The HD.15 had unusual interplane struts: instead of the familiar division of the wing into bays by struts braced with crossed flying and landing wires, it had a rigid, spanwise, X-shaped strut on each side, linking the upper and lower spars. Vertical wires maintained the interplane gap and the location of the crossing point, which was below mid-gap. The inboard end of each upper X-strut met the wing at the top of the aft member of a pair of cabane struts. The lower ends of the X-strut met the wing further outboard, at the bottom of a strut that ran to the upper fuselage longeron.
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Locomotives built by John Fowler for light railway systems had small wheels and as a result apparently suffered initially from their working parts being too near to the ground, and so being exposed to dust and dirt. In July 1880, his employees Alfred Greig and William Beadon were granted a patent for a locomotive with a jackshaft drive, which meant the cylinders could be raised much further above the track. It had very short vertical coupling rod from the jackshaft to the rear axle just below it; the rod was cranked to allow the valve eccentrics to be mounted inboard of the crank.Douglas Self: Jackshaft Locomotives.
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A400M, counter-rotating propellers on each wing; the most important yawing moments after failure of engine 1 If an outboard engine fails, such as engine 1 as shown in Figure 2, the moment arm of the vector of the remaining thrust on that wing moves from in between the engines to a bit outside of the remaining inboard engine. The vector itself is 50% of the opposite thrust vector. The resulting thrust yawing moment is much smaller in this case than for conventional propeller rotation. The maximum rudder yawing moment to counteract the asymmetrical thrust can be smaller and, consequently, the size of the vertical tail can be smaller.
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A British-captured He 177 German heavy bomber bearing Allied invasion stripes in 1945 Geoffrey Page, commander of 125 Wing, about to take off on a ground-attack sortie in his Supermarine Spitfire (1944). The roughly- applied nature of the invasion stripes painted on his aircraft can be seen An early P-47D "razorback" Thunderbolt shows the "overlapping roundel" characteristic of their use on American aircraft's wings. The stripes were five alternating black and white stripes. On single-engine aircraft each stripe was to be wide, placed inboard of the roundels on the wings and forward of the leading edge of the tailplane on the fuselage.
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The operating facility was moved to Vonore, Tennessee and now has approximately 600 employees. As of 2006, MasterCraft produced over 3,000 boats per year, sold in 25 different countries by over 100 domestic and international dealers. Some of its most popular boats today are the Prostar series of direct drive ski boats, and the X-Series Wakeboard boats, many of which share hulls with the Prostar series, but come equipped with wakeboard- specific features such as ballast tanks and a wakeboard tower. All MasterCraft Models use Ilmor inboard marine engines built on the General Motors 5.7, 6.0, 6.2, and 7.4-liter V8 engine blocks.
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The engines, initially four Salmson Z9 water- cooled radials were wing mounted in tractor-pusher pairs driving four-blade propellers. The water-cooled engine, with its radiator behind the propeller allowed neat, tight and well streamlined cowlings, mounted above the lower wing on a series of short struts. Each pair had two struts connecting the lower cowling to the upper fuselage and another strut ran from the upper cowling outwards to the upper wing. The main undercarriage was a divided axle type, each single bungee sprung main wheel carried on two legs immediately below the engine, with a pair of struts inboard to the lower fuselage.
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Furthermore, the leading edge of the wing's center section was readily detachable, providing easy access to various electrical and control systems housed within the wing. The aircraft's fuel tanks are located just inboard of the inner engine nacelles; retractable ejector pipes were present within the wing, which were used for jettisoning fuel when such action would be required by an emergency situation. The Hastings was powered by an arrangement of four wing-mounted Bristol Hercules 101 sleeve valve radial engines. These engines were installed upon the leading edge of the wing via interchangeable power-eggs; the air intakes and thermostatically-controlled oil coolers were also present within the wing.
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The only F1 chassis Shannon Racing Cars made had steel monocoque frame, upper and lower wishbone front suspension with outboard brake and anti-roll bar. It was a very compact design with upper I arm and lower reversed A arm with upper and lower radius arms mated with outboard spring/damper unit, outboard brake and anti-roll bar in the rear. The rear arm of the front upper A arm was much thicker than the front tube, acting as a canti-lever to operate the inboard spring/damper unit mounted vertically. The monocoque extended to the rear of the engine, with the gearbox sticking out further aft.
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This is then known as a "push rod" if bump travel "pushes" on the rod (and subsequently the rod must be joined to the bottom of the upright and angled upward). As the wheel rises, the push rod compresses the internal spring via a pivot or pivoting system. The opposite arrangement, a "pull rod", will pull on the rod during bump travel, and the rod must be attached to the top of the upright, angled downward. Locating the spring and damper inboard increases the total mass of the suspension, but reduces the unsprung mass, and also allows the designer to make the suspension more aerodynamic.
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Outboard wing modifications were aimed at reducing the peak subcritical pressure coefficient and moving it aft in an effort to reduce shock strength and increase shock sweep.Chandrasekharan, R.M., Murphy, W.R., Taverna, F.P. and Boppe, C.W., "Computational Aerodynamic of the Gulfstream IV Wing", AIAA paper 85-0427, presented at the AIAA 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno Nevada, January 1985. The Gulfstream IV wing has a weaker, more swept outboard shock resulting in a lower cruise drag. Other benefits arising from this design are a lower root bending moment due to the more inboard center of pressure, a lower stall speed due to washout and a larger fuel volume due to increased chord.
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The 72 was yet another innovative design by Chapman featuring inboard brakes, side- mounted radiators in sidepods, as opposed to the nose-mounted radiators, which had been commonplace since the 1950s, and an overhead air intake. The overall shape of the car was innovative too, resembling a wedge on wheels which was inspired by the earlier Lotus 56 gas turbine car, and the layout taken from the Lotus 63 four-wheel-drive project testbed. The shape made for better air penetration and higher speeds. In a back-to-back test with the Lotus 49, the 72 was 12 mph faster with the same Cosworth engine.
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Prior to the development of the macon blade a longer, thinner shape was used, known as "square" blades or "standard" blades. They are still occasionally used in training for technique. The development from standard to cleaver, via the macon, is therefore a progression from long, thin blades to shorter, wider ones. In each case there has been a reduction in the area of the blade that actually moves the wrong way through the water: in practice a point of the blade remains stationary relative to the water, with the portion outboard of that point providing drive, and the area inboard of it providing drag.
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The 777-300ER was to shed by replacing the fuselage crown with tie rods and composite integration panels, similar to those used on the 787. The new flight control software was to eliminate the need for the tail skid by keeping the tail off the runway surface regardless of the extent to which pilots command the elevators. Boeing was also redesigning the inboard flap fairings to reduce drag by reducing pressure on the underside of the wing. The outboard raked wingtip was to have a divergent trailing edge, described as a "poor man's airfoil" by Boeing; this was originally developed for the McDonnell Douglas MD-12 project.
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But soon Milland's henchmen, led by Forsythe (Venantino Venantini) find Brody and Jean again and give chase, but they are cut off by a construction vehicle. On board the airborne second Concorde, L.P.A. Flight 128, a crew member turns on one of the inboard engines on the plane. Up in the cockpit, the pilot Captain Scott (Van Johnson) discovers something which same thing happened as with the first attack: loss of power. This is because a henchman puts vials of acid in the food of the flight which breaks upon being heated up and acid breaks through the microwave ovens and severs the electrical lines in the cabin.
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The ships' underwater protection system was based on the system used in the Dunkerque class. The void between the armor belt and the outer hull plating was filled with a rubber-based compound referred to as ébonite mousse; the material was used to absorb the impact of an explosion and prevent water from flooding uncontrollably. Behind this compartment there was a bulkhead that was thick; the compartment created between this bulkhead and the ébonite mousse was used to store fuel oil in peacetime, but was kept empty in combat conditions. Further inboard, a torpedo bulkhead would contain the blast effects of a torpedo or mine detonation.
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The starboard propeller shafts also required repairs: the mounting brackets were straightened, but the inboard shaft was too badly damaged and had to be replaced. Bethlehem Steel fabricated a replacement that was installed in June. The bottom row of portholes were closed off, as the increase in displacement pushed them closer to the waterline. Beginning in late August and continuing into mid-September, Richelieu began firing trials in the Chesapeake Bay; firing the main battery forward on 29 August revealed the need for a blast screen to protect the forecastle 20 mm guns, as the test accidentally destroyed two of the guns and their ammunition lockers.
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As Mercedes's first attempt at the new 2019-20 regulations, the team ran two distinct aerodynamic packages during pre-season testing: one each with 'inboard' and 'outboard' front wing philosophy. The latter also received significantly revised nose, bargeboards, floor, and engine cover, before being chosen as the package the team would race in the 2019 season. Both were informally referred to as the 'A'-spec and 'B'-spec W10 in the media and among the teams, respectively. The car performed well in the first five rounds of the season, where it was renowned for its newly-acquired slow- and medium- speed corner strength, in contrast to its predecessor.
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Their slow-moving, curious nature, coupled with dense coastal development, has led to many violent collisions with propeller-driven boats and ships, leading frequently to maiming, disfigurement, and even death. As a result, a large proportion of manatees exhibit spiral cutting propeller scars on their backs, usually caused by larger vessels that do not have skegs in front of the propellers like the smaller outboard and inboard-outboard recreational boats have. They are now even identified by humans based on their scar patterns. Many manatees have been cut in two by large vessels like ships and tug boats, even in the highly populated lower St. Johns River's narrow channels.
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Wheelset of a two-rail funicular The Swiss engineer Carl Roman Abt invented the method that allows cars to be used with a two-rail configuration. The cars, in this case, have their wheelsets of a rather unconventional design: the outboard wheel has flanges on both sides whereas the inboard wheel is unflanged. One car has its dual-flanged wheels on the left side, so it follows the leftmost rail; the other car has it on the right side, and it follows the rightmost rail. Thus the left car always goes through the left branch of the passing loop and the right car through its right branch.
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Gunwale of the Cutty Sark The gunwale () is the top edge of the hull of a ship or boat. Originally the structure was the "gun wale" on a sailing warship, a horizontal reinforcing band added at and above the level of a gun deck to offset the stresses created by firing artillery. Over time it remained as a valuable stiffener mounted inboard of the sheer strake on commercial and recreational craft. In modern boats, it is the top edge of the hull where there is usually some form of stiffening, often in the form of traditional wooden boat construction members called the "inwale" and "outwale".
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Stronger undercarriage legs were raked 2 inches (5.08 cm) forward, making the Spitfire more stable on the ground and reducing the likelihood of the aircraft tipping onto its nose. During production of the Mk VIII and Mk IX, a new undercarriage leg was introduced which had external v-shaped "scissor-links" fitted to the front of the leg; this also led to small changes in the shape of the undercarriage bay and leg fairings.Laird & Matusiak 2009, pp. 39–42. Several versions of the Spitfire, including Mk XIV and Mk XVIII had extra 13 gallon integral fuel tanks in the wing leading edges, between the wing-root and the inboard cannon bay.
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It is a gull wing, with dihedral only on the inboard section where the leading edge is parallel to the spar and the trailing edge tapers towards it. Over most of the wing the profile is Göttingen 549R, a revision of the much used Göttingen 549 airfoil, the R indicating a reflexed, camber reduced trailing edge. Outboard the leading edge also tapers towards the spar, giving it sweepback, ending in semi-elliptical tips. The composite construction of the wing around the spar was completely new to sailplane construction; wooden extensions of the spar were bonded to it; wing ribs were riveted to the spa via metal brackets.
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According to Simons the wing and control surfaces were entirely plywood covered but Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1952-53 says that ply was only used ahead of the spar, with fabric covering aft. The wing trailing edge is filled by control surfaces, with Fowler flaps on the inboard sections then ailerons divided into three sections, first plain, then Frise and a short tip region. There are Schempp-Hirth parallel ruler action airbrakes immediately behind the spar on the inner part of the outer panels. The fuselage is an early pod and boom design, with an oval section forward section formed by longerons and frames with ply covering.
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Its low wing was in three parts: a centre section with anhedral, improving the wing root aerodynamics, and outer panels with about 6° of dihedral, producing the inverted gull wing. Structurally, the single spar centre section was an integral part of the plywood -skinned fuselage and cockpit and the outer panels were also built around single spars and wooden ribs, with ply-covered leading edges back to the spars and fabric covered aft. Each wing was trapezoidal in plan, with sweep only on the leading edges and with rounded tips. Short, broad ailerons were placed at the tips and mounted on false spars, as were the inboard split flaps.
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If the material has residual stress as in toothed bandsaw blades, the rolls must not uniformly apply cross strain, as the inherent strain will distort the strip. In these cases, rolls exert corrective strain in a linear narrow strip inboard of the edge each side. In the case of sawblades with teeth on, the corrective squeezed strip on the toothed edge is located along the tooth gullet, and corrective squeeze on the toothed side must be about 2.5 times the corrective force on the plain edge. If the strip is narrow and thick enough, side rolls with guide grooves can be used to bend the material laterally to remove the camber.
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The reduced wing sweep eliminates the need for inboard ailerons, yet incurs little drag penalty on short and medium length routes, during which most of the flight is spent climbing or descending. The airframe further incorporates carbon-fiber reinforced plastic wing surfaces, Kevlar fairings and access panels, plus improved aluminum alloys, which together reduce overall weight by . To distribute the aircraft's weight on the ground, the 757 has a retractable tricycle landing gear with four wheels on each main gear and two for the nose gear. The landing gear was purposely designed to be taller than the company's previous narrow-body aircraft to provide ground clearance for stretched models.
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The Tudor was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with four engines, a single fin and rudder and a retractable tailwheel undercarriage (in its original configurations). The wing was of NACA 23018 section at the root, and was a five-piece, all-metal, twin-spar structure. The untapered centre section carried the inboard engines and main undercarriage, while the inner and outer sections were tapered on their leading and trailing edges, with the inner sections carrying the outboard engines. The ailerons were fitted with trim and balance tabs, and there were hydraulically operated split flaps in three sections on each side of the trailing edges of the centre section and inner wings.
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The design of the Superdeck consists of both a stationary support structure and a movable deck. The stationary support structure fixes securely to a floor of a building and cantilevers beyond an edge of the floor to a free-end space from the edge of the floor to a predetermined maximum extent. The movable deck, which is mounted on the stationary support structure, can be moved between an extended position as a cantilever beyond the free-end of the support structure and a retracted position inboard of the free-end of the support structure. Loading platforms can carry anywhere between 2-5t cargoes at one time.
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Slotted, divided, balanced ailerons filled about half the span, with spoilers mounted on the rear of the spar a little inboard of them. The M-3 Pliszka's metal skinned fuselage was built in two parts. The forward section, including the cockpit with its high-domed, two- piece transparency in front of the wing and the wing mounting, was a semi- monocoque, elliptical section, stressed skin structure. A short rearward conical extension joined it to a circular section, monocoque tail boom and a conventional tail, with a narrow, straight-tapered fin and cantilever tailplane, the latter mounted on top of the fuselage well forward of the rudder hinge.
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The extensive internal flooding and shaft damage caused the shutting down of the inboard port propeller shaft, leaving the ship under the power of only the starboard engines and able to make just 15 knots at best. With her electric steering unresponsive, the ship was virtually unmanageable.A schematic of the torpedo damage to the stern of HMS Prince of Wales, 10 December 1941 is shown as if the ship was upright (that is, the wreck is upside down and this image is sometimes seen 'reversed'). Another torpedo attack was carried out by 26 Betty bombers of the Kanoya Air Group at approximately 1220,Middlebrook and Mahoney, Battleship, p. 216.
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The aircraft that was built was of canard configuration, with swept wings that changed section and angle of incidence considerably between the roots and wingtips: deeply cambered inboard, and changing to a flatter section with upswept tips, producing wash-out to enhance stability. Stability would also have resulted from the dihedral of the wings. Lateral control was by wing- warping, the control wires being taken to the raked wingtips via kingposts. A small nacelle projecting forward from the wing housed the 50 hp (37 kW) N.E.C. engine driving the tractor propeller, behind which the pilot and passenger sat side by side at the leading edge of the wing.
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Example of one experimental sample assembly for a Griggs machine The sample assembly is constructed of multiple cylindrical sleeves which are placed in the opening in the pressure vessel or “bomb”. The outermost sleeve is typically composed from NaCl which is used to transfer the vertical load applied from the steel piston into a confining pressure on the sample at the center of the assembly. NaCl is used since it is relatively weak and it assists in the transfer of stress. Directly inboard of the outer NaCl sleeve is a ceramic support sleeve with a graphite sleeve inside of it, which is used for resistive heating of the sample.
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Early in the life of the Viscount aircraft type, renewal of the inner lower booms included installation of new mount fittings for attachment of the rear of the two inboard engine nacelles to the lower booms. New fittings were supplied without pre-drilled holes and the holes were drilled during installation to correctly align the engine nacelle with the wing. However, after considerable in-service experience of the boom-renewal process British Aircraft Corporation amended the procedure to allow re-use of the engine nacelle rear mount fittings. Re- use of the old fittings relied on the existing holes aligning closely with the bushes in the new inner lower booms.
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In April 1921 two prototypes were ordered by the Air Ministry to Specification 5/20. The first prototype, allocated serial number J6860, was built as a Type 56 and designated a Victoria I, the second J6861 was built as a Type 81 Victoria II. The Type 56 had two Napier Lion engines with large frontal radiators and were fitted directly onto the lower mainplanes, the fuel tanks were placed under the inboard section of the bottom mainplane. The prototype J6860 first flew from Brooklands, Surrey on 22 September 1922. The Type 81 flew in January 1923, and initially differed only in having the fuel tanks under the top mainplane.
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After the explosion, most of these containers showed damage consistent with a fall from , but two of them—metal container AVE4041 and fibre container AVN7511—showed unusual damage. From the loading plan, investigators saw that AVE4041 had been situated inboard of, and slightly above, the starburst-patterned hole in the fuselage, with AVN7511 right next to it. The reconstruction of container AVE4041 showed blackening, pitting, and severe damage to the floor panel and other areas, indicating that what the investigators called a "high-energy event" had taken place inside it. Though the floor of the container was damaged, there was no blackening or pitting of it.
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For example, with inboard brakes and half-shaft driven rear wheels, the suspension linkages do not, but with outboard brakes and a swing-axle driveline, they do. To determine the percentage of front suspension braking anti-dive for outboard brakes, it is first necessary to determine the tangent of the angle between a line drawn, in side view, through the front tire patch and the front suspension instant center, and the horizontal. In addition, the percentage of braking effort at the front wheels must be known. Then, multiply the tangent by the front wheel braking effort percentage and divide by the ratio of the center of gravity height to the wheelbase.
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A value of 50% would mean that half of the weight transfer to the front wheels, during braking, is being transmitted through the front suspension linkage and half is being transmitted through the front suspension springs. For inboard brakes, the same procedure is followed but using the wheel center instead of contact patch center. Forward acceleration anti-squat is calculated in a similar manner and with the same relationship between percentage and weight transfer. Anti-squat values of 100% and more are commonly used in drag racing, but values of 50% or less are more common in cars that have to undergo severe braking.
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50 in (12.7 mm) AN/M2 "light-barrel" M2 Browning machine guns, the standard heavy-calibre machine gun used throughout the American air services of World War II, bringing the total to six. The inner pair of machine guns had 400 rounds per gun, and the others had 270 rpg, for a total of 1,880.AN 01-60JE-2 1944, p. 386B. The B/C subtypes' M2 guns were mounted with an inboard axial tilt, this angled mounting had caused problems with the ammunition feed and with spent casings and links failing to clear the gun- chutes, leading to frequent complaints that the guns jammed during combat maneuvers.
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Aircraft with four or more engines have not only a VMCA (often called VMCA1 under these circumstances), where the critical engine alone is inoperative, but also a VMCA2 that applies when the engine inboard of the critical engine, on the same wing, is also inoperative. Civil aviation regulations (FAR, CS and equivalent) no longer require a VMCA2 to be determined, although it is still required for military aircraft with four or more engines. On turbojet and turbofan aircraft, the outboard engines are usually equally critical. Three-engine aircraft such as the MD-11 and BN-2 Trislander do not have a VMCA2; a failed centerline engine has no effect on VMC.
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The Perch was a two bay biplane, though the inner interplane struts were close to the fuselage. Just inboard of these struts and on each side, pairs of bracing struts linked the two forward wing spars via a connection to the fuselage centre line, with a similar connection between the rear spars. From the wings rearwards, the fuselage was flat sided, but the top was built up, with the pilots sitting with their eyes near upper wing level, where there was a cut-out in the trailing edge. Forwards the upper fuselage fell away, blending into a metal engine cowling which continued to decrease in depth.
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In many ways the car was a typical example of its time, with a rear engine, front radiator, inboard front suspension and a monocoque chassis. In fact the car was Cooper's first monocoque chassis, although by this time such an arrangement had already become standard in Formula 1, having been pioneered by the Lotus 25 four years earlier. The T81 made its race debut in the 1966 Syracuse Grand Prix.Cooper, www.oldracingcars.com Retrieved on 22 January 2015 But while the shortage of competitive 3.0 litre F1 machinery at the start of 1966 made the T81 popular, there were suggestions that Cooper were overstretching themselves and that as a result the preparation of the cars was suffering.
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The design team envisioned the H-class ships fighting at relatively close range, and therefore selected the armor system that had been used by German battleship constructors since the of 1907. The side belt was vertical and was attached directly to the side of the hull, in contrast with the inclined armor belt placed inboard of the side wall used by American and French designers. The side belt, which consisted of Krupp cemented steel armor (KCA), was thick in the central section that covered the ammunition magazines and machinery spaces. The belt was reduced to on either end of the main section; the stern and bow were unprotected by the main belt.
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The ex-Harry L. Glucksman was placed in service as an Atlantic Fleet Mine Force research and development project, officially a "device" for testing, and designated Minesweeper, Special, MSS-1. The "device," arriving at Charleston, South Carolina in August 1969, was intended to test the feasibility of using an "unsinkable" ship to produce by its own hull and special magnetic coils ringing the main deck the magnetic and pressure signature of a larger ship. MSS-1, displacing nearly 15,000 tons, was filled ith about of styrofoam and all compartments below the waterline were flooded for ballast. Propulsion was by five inboard/outboard diesel engines to minimize risk of loss of propulsion from explosions.
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LAX now prioritizes the use of the outboard runways (24R and 25L) for landings and the inboard runways (24L and 25R) for takeoffs, though mixed operations may occur in certain situations. Additionally, a new control tower was built at LAX, in a more central location, significantly taller and with a better vantage point, allowing visibility of all runways and critical taxiways at the airport. Before this accident, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a ruling that required airlines to upgrade the flammability standards of materials on board, but the USAir plane had been built before the effective date of those requirements and had not yet been modernized. It was scheduled to be upgraded within the next year.
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As early as 1933, Alksandr Moskalyev was designing a rocket-powered, tailless aircraft with an ogival or gothic delta wing, wingtip fins and rudders, which would be able to fly faster than sound. Because no sufficiently powerful engines were available at the time, the Moskalyev SAM-4 Sigma never left the drawing board but it did lead to two interim types, the SAM-7 Sigma and SAM-9 Strela. The all-metal Sigma was intended to investigate the manoeuvrability and field of fire of a two seat, tailless, wingtip finned fighter aircraft, using a less radical low aspect ratio, trapezoidal plan wing. This low wing had two spars and trailing edges carrying inboard elevators and outboard ailerons.
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The XBG-2 (Model 16) was conceived by the Fletcher company as a wooden bomb-carrying glider as a derivative of its earlier BG-1, in turn based on the company's YCQ-1 drone control plane (a conversion of its unsuccessful FBT-2 trainer). It was to use two fuselages and outer wing panels of the BG-1 joined by a new wing center section and a horizontal tailplane connecting the two vertical fins, as well as a TV fairing under the inboard wing on the centerline or in the starboard fuselage nose. The main landing gear was supported by four main gear struts, and each fuselage would have housed a 2,000-pound bomb.Norton, Bill.
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The rear fuselage section was occupied by the reheat pipe, final nozzle, the main undercarriage a pair of rear air brakes, and two further bag-type fuel tanks. The P.1121 was furnished with a four-spar wing, covered by a 0.3-inch thick alloy skin, which was similarly shaped to the wing of the preceding Hawker Hunter. The spars were attached to steel booms at the inboard end, which were in turn fixed onto the four main frames of the centre fuselage section. The structural box of the wing also contained an integral fuel tank, containing up to 420 gallons of fuel in addition to the 1,055 gallons held within the fuselage fuel tanks.
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In October 1959, ready for the 1960 model year, the Floride, along with the Renault Dauphine, appeared with significant suspension improvements. The new suspension was conceived by the by now almost legendary automotive engineer Jean-Albert Grégoire and baptised by Renault "Suspension Aérostable", being intended to improve the car's ride and road holding. The addition of extra rubber springs at the front reduced roll and auxiliary air spring units (mounted inboard of the conventional coils) at the rear gave the rear wheels a small degree of negative camber and increased cornering grip. In March 1962, the Caravelle received a new 956 cc engine that would be also used by the new Renault 8 from June.
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The position where the lines exit the wing can compensate for the tendency of the aerodynamic drag of the lines to yaw the model inboard. Weight on the outside wing, an inside wing that is longer or has more lift than the outside wing (or even no outside wing at all) and the torque of a left rotating propeller (or flying clockwise) tend to roll the model toward the outside. Wing tip weights, propeller torque, and thrust vectoring are more effective when the model is going slowly, while rudder offset and other aerodynamic effects have more influence on a fast moving model. Since its introduction, control line flying has developed into a competition sport.
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In the paper, Richter attributed the Hypergon design to Emil von Höegh; the 1900 patent for the Hypergon is credited to Carl Paul Goerz, a frequent collaborator with von Höegh. Although the Hypergon covered a wide angle of view (140°) and had good flatness of field and distortion characteristics, the maximum aperture was limited to 22 to control longitudinal spherical aberration and chromatic aberration. A new computation of a "fast" Hypergon was made by limiting the angle of view to 90°, increasing maximum aperture to 6.3. The Topogon was then derived from the "fast" Hypergon by adding a second set of strongly curved meniscus elements inboard of the larger spherical elements to correct longitudinal spherical aberration.
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Behind each glass cover lens, the inboard high-beam headlamp swivels by up to 80° as the driver steers, throwing the beam along the driver's intended path rather than uselessly across the curved road. The outboard low-beam headlamps are self-leveling in response to pitching caused by acceleration and braking.Autocar Road Test No. 2056; 3 December 1965 However, this feature was not allowed in the US at the time (see World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations), so a version with four exposed headlights that did not swivel was made for the US market. Although a directional headlight was previously seen on the 1948 Tucker 48 'Torpedo', Citroën was the first to mass-market adaptive headlights.
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Only the upper wing carried control surfaces, with a single leading edge slat over the whole span. Apart from a small centre section with a large cut-out to improve the visibility from the pilot's cockpit, the whole of the trailing edge was filled by flaps inboard and ailerons outboard. When the slats were opened by the pilot, ailerons and flaps were depressed but retained their normal functions with unchanged angular defection ranges. The Villier XXIV's fuselage was built around six longerons, positioned by glued formers, and plywood covered behind the nose where its Lorraine 12Eb Courlis water- cooled W-12 engine was under an aluminium cowling which followed the outlines of the three cylinder banks.
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Although the flight crew knew they had lost power from the engines, they did not see that the engines had completely broken off and that the wing had been damaged. The outboard engine on the wing of a 747 is visible from the cockpit only with difficulty and the inboard engine on the wing is not visible at all. Given the choices that the captain and crew made following the loss of engine power, the Dutch parliamentary inquiry commission that later studied the crash concluded that the crew did not know that both engines had broken away from the right wing. On the night of the crash, the landing runway in use at Schiphol was runway 06.
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The N1 Sala was designed by Guglielmo Negri and built by Fratelli Sala, whose main occupation was the production of wooden propellers for the military. It was a high-wing monoplane, its two part, two spar wing supported centrally on a fuselage pedestal and braced on each side with a pair of parallel wooden faired struts from the spars at about 20% span to the lower fuselage. It was mounted without dihedral and in plan had a rectangular centre section out to about quarter span inboard of long, strongly straight tapered, round tipped outer panels with trailing edges almost entirely filled by the ailerons. The high aspect ratio (21:1) wing was completely fabric covered.
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The design of the LS4 was influenced mainly by the experience Rolladen-Schneider had gained with the LS2 and LS3 flapped gliders. Wolf Lemke returned to a double-tapered wing planform, giving it a larger area comparatively to the LS1 and LS2, and enlarged all control surfaces: the ailerons were elongated and brought further inboard and the tailplane span was increased. The fuselage and vertical stabilizer were taken from the LS3 moulds. Other notable features of the design were the retractable landing gear, the centre of gravity tow release that retracts with landing gear, the heel-operated wheel brakes, the upper wing surface air brakes and the water ballast system with internal bags.
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To achieve this, open structures, such as wing ribs, surrounding the gun-bays were closed off, forming closed bays for each gun. Ducting was added, which drew heated air from the engine radiator and transferred it into the now-closed weapon-bays. Underwing vents, covered by streamlined triangular blisters just inboard of the wingtips, extracted the air, creating a negative pressure differential, and caused more heated air to be drawn in, ensuring a steady supply of heated air without any need for a mechanical blower. To keep cold air from blowing in via the muzzle openings in the leading edge, they were sealed with red fabric adhesive tape by ground crew while loading the ammunition trays.
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Detail design was contracted to General Aircraft (GAL) at Hanworth Aerodrome, but after GAL merged with Blackburn the work was moved to Brough Aerodrome and the design was given the Blackburn/SBAC designation YB-2. The aircraft was allocated military serial VX330. The HP.88 had a 0.36 scaled- down equivalent of the Victor's crescent wing and T-tail with slab tailplane. However where the Victor had a mid wing, the Type 521 set the wing low on the fuselage. Also, the Victor design continued to be refined, so the HP.88 was no longer representative of the Victor. The HP.88 wing featured inboard trailing- edge flaps, which badly affected trim when deployed.
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9, "The data for the outboard-droop configuration show significantly enhanced roll damping characteristics at the stall; however, unstable roll damping characteristics are not completely eliminated with the outboard droop alone." for example stall strips (as used on the Cirrus SR22 and Cessna 400), "Rao slots" (as used on the Questair Venture), vortex generators or segmented droop (as used on a NASA modified Cessna 210). In the case of the high aspect ratio Cessna 210 wing (AR =11:1), roll damping at stall was not as efficient.NASA TP 2722, "... an unsteady stalling and reattaching behavior occurring inboard on the wing upper surface as wing stall progressed." The case of high-wing configuration wing was different.
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Exterior door handles were redesigned so the finger plate would actuate the door, eliminating the separate release button. Backup lights were integrated into the inboard taillights, headlight washers were added, and front grilles were made all black. Side-mounted exhausts and front fender vent trim were options for this year only. On the inside, revised door panels provided additional shoulder room in the C3's tighter cabin and headrests became standard. Steering wheel diameter was reduced from 16 to 15 inches to permit easier entry and exit, the ignition switch was moved from the dash to the steering column, and map pockets were added to the dash area in front of the passenger seat.
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GLAST-III retained most of the diagnostics used in GLAST-I and GLAST-II, but a newly developed spectroscopic system based on linear photodiode array was installed on the upgraded GLAST-III for spatial and temporal characterization of hydrogen discharge through light emission. The spectral range of each silicon photodiode is from 300 nm to 1100 nm with response time of 10 ns and active area of 5 mm2 (circular). The light from the plasma is collected through holes along 4 line-of-sight channels with spatial resolution of about 5 cm passing from entire poloidal cross section. The photodiode's signals located at position of 10 and 14 cm from inboard side show fluctuations in the central plasma region.
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A number of factors influence induced drag, however, and as a practical matter a wing of elliptical planform, like that of the Supermarine Spitfire fighter of World War II, is not necessarily the most efficient. The wings of jet airliners, which are highly optimized for efficiency, are far from elliptical in shape. The ratio of tip chord to root chord is called the taper ratio. Taper has the desirable effect of reducing the root bending stress by shifting the lift inboard, but it has been argued by some noted designers, including John Thorp and Karl Bergey, that an untapered rectangular planform is best for aeroplanes of less than 6,000 pounds gross weight.
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It is known to have been used in ancient China,"The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China" by Joseph Needham, Colin A. Ronan, Cambridge University Press, 1978 , and on the Great Lakes of North America by pre-Columbian Americans. In stern sculling, the oar pivots on the boat's stern, and the inboard end is pushed to one side with the blade turned so that it generates forward thrust; it is then twisted so that when pulled back on the return stroke, the blade also produces forward thrust. Backward thrust can also be generated by twisting the oar in the other direction and rowing. Steering, as in moving coxless sculling shells in crew, is accomplished by directing the thrust.
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After 210 P-38Es were built, they were followed, starting in February 1942, by the P-38F, which incorporated racks inboard of the engines for fuel tanks or a total of of bombs. Early variants did not enjoy a high reputation for maneuverability, though they could be agile at low altitudes if flown by a capable pilot, using the P-38's forgiving stall characteristics to their best advantage. From the P-38F-15 model onwards, a "combat maneuver" setting was added to the P-38's Fowler flaps. When deployed at the 8° maneuver setting, the flaps allowed the P-38 to out-turn many contemporary single- engined fighters at the cost of some added drag.
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Despite the rapid build, the accommodation was heated, ventilated and sound- proofed; entry was via a port side door which included the rearmost window. The sound proofing was assisted by silencers on the engines. The empennage of the Bernard 60 was conventional with a rounded fin and rudder and a tailplane with a swept leading edge mounted on top of the fuselage. It had a split axle undercarriage with single mainwheels mounted on V-form struts from the lower fuselage longerons and landing loads taken by vertical struts to the wing just inboard of the engines, combined with a tailskid. The trimotor Bernard 60 was unusual in having different engines in the nose and on the wings.
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One minute later, Ark Royal was struck amidships by a torpedo, between the fuel bunkers and bomb store, and directly below the bridge island. The explosion caused Ark Royal to shake, hurled loaded torpedo-bombers into the air, and killed 44 year old Able Seaman Edward Mitchell, the only man to die in the sinking. A hole was created on the ship's bottom and on the starboard side below the water-line by the torpedo, which was judged to have run deep, striking the bilge keel where it detonated, inboard of the side protection system. The hit caused flooding of the starboard boiler room, main switchboard, oil tanks, and over of the ship's starboard bilge.
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Flight 1942, p. 401. Starting with the Halifax Mk II Series IA and from the Mk III onwards, the nose turret was deleted; instead the bomb-aimer occupied a streamlined perspex nose containing a single hand-held machine gun. On later-built aircraft, the two-gun dorsal turret was replaced by a four-gun Boulton Paul turret. The maximum bomb load was , which was primarily carried in a bomb bay housed within the fuselage, divided into six separate bomb compartments, with three bomb compartments in the inboard sections of each wing; this division of the payload between multiple compartments limited the maximum size of the individual bombs which could be carried to .
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