The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
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The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
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The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
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The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
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Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
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Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes, p. 17. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
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Hypogean or "true" cave environments. These can be in regular contact with the surface via wind and underground rivers, or the migration of animals, or can be almost entirely isolated. Deep hypogean environments can host autonomous ecologies whose primary source of energy is not sunlight, but chemical energy liberated from limestone and other minerals by chemoautotrophic bacteria.
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The opposite terms are hypogean, hypogeic and hypogeous. An epigeal nest is a term used for a termite mound, the above ground nest of a colony of termites.
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Extremophile Fishes: Ecology, Evolution, and Physiology of Teleosts in Extreme Environments. but only six of these are in the family Amblyopsidae.Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes.
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The Biology of Hypogean Fishes, p. 18. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes. It is threatened by poaching for food and the aquarium trade, although the population is stable.
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The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes. Helfman, G.S. (2007). Fish Conservation: A Guide to Understanding and Restoring Global Aquatic Biodiversity and Fishery Resources, pp. 41–42.
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Triplophysa longibarbata is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa. This cavefish is only known from Guizhou in China.Aldemaro, R., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes, p. 20.
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In the general region there are three additional cavefish species, all Iraqi cypriniforms: Eidinemacheilus proudlovei, Caecocypris basimi, Typhlogarra widdowsoni.Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
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The biology of hypogean fishes, 2001, p. 57 The entomologist William Morton WheelerLustig, Abigail; Richards, Robert John; Ruse, Michael. Darwinian heresies, 2004, p.11 and the Lamarckian Ernest MacBride (1866–1940) also advocated degenerative evolution.
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Species may be restricted to elevations above 4000 m (13000 ft) in the Andes, Andean lakes, off-shore coastal islands, lowland species known only from large rapids, leaflitter puddles, and the bottom of torrential rivers. Trichomycterids are one of the most successful groups to occupy cave habitats; it contains 12 hypogean species. Such species include Ituglanis bambui, I. epikarsticus, I. passensis, I. ramiroi, and Silvinichthys bortayro. Six of the hypogean species are of the genus Trichomycterus: Trichomycterus chaberti, T. itacarambiensis, T. santanderensis, T. spelaeus, and T. uisae.
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C. carolinae can live in streams and rivers. It is sometimes seen in caves, but such individuals generally resemble the aboveground population and may only be occasional visitors.Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes.
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Caecogobius cryptophthalmus is a species of goby that is endemic to underground habitats in Calbiga on the Philippine island of Samar.Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes, p. 35. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
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The Biology of Hypogean Fishes, p. 20. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes. The species English vernacular name and specific name honour the hydrobiologist I. V. Starostin, who was a researcher of the inland waters of Turkmenistan.
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Three species known from subterranean habitats are true troglobites with reduced pigmentation (appearing overall whitish) and eyes: Ancistrus cryptophthalmus, A. galani and A. formoso.Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
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Romero, Aldemaro, editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes. Other habitat types occupied by species in the genus include estuaries, freshwater streams, and in the case of L. adapel, the seafloor up to .
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Pati AK (2008). Circadian rhythms in hypogean fish: with special reference to the cave loach, Nemacheilus evezardi. In: Fish Life in Special Environments, P. Sébert, D.W. Onyango and B.G. Kapoor (eds.), pp. 83–130. Science Publishers, New Hampshire, USA.
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In-situ observations of seven enigmatic cave loaches and one cave barbel from Guangxi, China, with notes on conservation status. Speleobiology Notes 5: 19-33.Proudlove, G.S. (2001). The conservation of hypogean fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 62: 201-213.
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Ophisternon is a genus of swamp eels found in fresh and brackish waters in South and Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, Middle America and West Africa. Two species are blind cave-dwellers.Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes.
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The problematic relationship of this species to the rest of the family is due to the lack of a labyrinth organ that characterizes the family. Two other cavefish species are in Somalia: the cyprinids Barbopsis devecchi and Phreatichthys andruzzii.Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes.
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Luciogobius albus is a species of goby endemic to Japan where it is found in fresh and brackish underground waters near the coasts. This species and its close relative L. pallidus are the only known cavefish in Japan.Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes.
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Luciogobius pallidus is a species of goby endemic to Japan where it is found in fresh, brackish and marine underground waters near the coasts. This species and its close relative L. albus are the only known cavefish in Japan.Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes.
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It contains microorganisms that remove bacteria and trap contaminant particles. The terms hypogean and hypogeic are used for fossorial (burrowing) and troglobitic (or stygobitic) cave-living organisms. The opposite terms are epigean and epigeic. The term hypogeous is used for fungi with underground fruiting bodies - for example, truffles.
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The Blind cave loach (Nemacheilus troglocataractus) is a species of troglobitic stone loach endemic to Thailand. It is only known from one subterranean stream in the Sai Yok Noi cave, which also is inhabited by Pterocryptis buccata.Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes, pp. 19—22.
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Downloaded on 03 April 2015. Like other cavefish, it is depigmented and has no visible eyes. This species coexists with another hypogean (underground-living) loach, Schistura oedipus. The species is specialized for fast subterranean flowing water in the deeper zone of the cave (more than 500m from the entrance).
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Horaglanis is a genus of small airbreathing catfishes that are endemic to Kerala in India. The three known species are all adapted to life underground, lack pigmentation and are blind.Babu, K.K.S. (2012): Horaglanis abdulkalami, a new hypogean blind catfish (Siluriformes: Clariidae) from Kerala, India. Samagra CRIKSC Journal, 8: 51-56.
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Poropuntius is a genus of cyprinid fish found mainly in freshwater habitats of Southeast Asia and Yunnan in China, but P. burtoni is from South Asia. Several species have highly restricted ranges and are threatened, and a single P. speleops is a cavefish.Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes, p. 18.
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The Biology of Hypogean Fishes, p. 17. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes. Garras are omnivorous, eating alga, plankton and small invertebrates that they suck off substrate like rocks or logs. The food is scraped off with the sharp keratinized borders of the jaws and ingested via suction, created by contracting and relaxing the buccopharynx.
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Paracrangonyx is a genus of amphipods in the family Paracrangonyctidae, comprising two species, Paracrangonyx compactus and Paracrangonyz winterbourni. P. compactus is found only in Canterbury, New Zealand, at Eyreton, Leeston, and St Albans. It is hypogean, found up to below ground. P. winterbourni has only been found at Templeton, on the Canterbury Plains of South Island.
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Pterocryptis buccata, a new species of catfish from western Thailand (Teleostei: Siluridae) with epigean and hypogean populations. Ichthyological Research 45(4): 393-399. Many adaptions seen in cavefish are aimed at surviving in a habitat with little food. Living in darkness, pigmentation and eyes are useless, or an actual disadvantage because of their energy requirements, and therefore typically reduced in cavefish.
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They are the only ostariophysans that have entered freshwater habitats in Madagascar, Australia, and New Guinea. They are found in freshwater environments, though most inhabit shallow, running water. Representatives of at least eight families are hypogean (live underground) with three families that are also troglobitic (inhabiting caves). One such species is Phreatobius cisternarum, known to live underground in phreatic habitats.
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11(3-4): 325–350 The São Domingos karst in the upper Tocantins River basin is home to an unusually high number of cavefish species (more than any other region in the Americas): Ancistrus cryptophthalmus, several Ituglanis species, Pimelodella spelaea, Aspidoras mephisto, an undescribed Cetopsorhamdia species and Eigenmannia vicentespelaea.Romero, Aldemaro, editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
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They forage at night, navigating by echolocation in the same way as bats, but with a high- pitched clicking sound audible to humans.Snow (2008), pp. 137-143. The cave is also home to hypogean fishes. Most notably the semi-blind catfish, Rhamdia quelen or South American Catfish, which was at first believed to be a distinct cave species and was named Caecorhamdia urichi.
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He demonstrated functional circadian oscillators in cave fish and reinterpreted findings of others to rule out the hypothesis of clock regression in hypogean fish. He reported rhythmic pattern in case architecture of bagworm moth. He proposed a model illustrating the ability of this moth to process thorn length and distance signals hierarchically during case construction through toggling its preference between thorns and cut-twigs.
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As a result, many troglobiotic species are endemic to a single cave or system of caves. Not all cave dwelling species are considered to be troglobites. An animal found in an underground environment may be a troglophile (a species living both in subterranean and in epigean habitats, e.g. bats and cave swallows) or a trogloxene (a species only occurring sporadically in a hypogean habitat and unable to establish a subterranean population).
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Phreatichthys andruzzii showing the pale colour and lack of eyes typical of cavefish. The large red spot on the head is the blood-filled gills, visible through the semi-transparent gill cover Cavefish or cave fish is a generic term for fresh and brackish water fish adapted to life in caves and other underground habitats. Related terms are subterranean fish, troglomorphic fish, troglobitic fish, stygobitic fish, phreatic fish and hypogean fish.Romero, Aldemaro, editor (2001).
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The olm (Proteus anguinus), a typical cave dwelling chordate, endemic of Dinaric Alps. Subterranean fauna refers to animal species that are adapted to live in underground environment. Troglofauna and stygofauna are the two types of subterranean fauna. Both are associated with hypogean habitats – troglofauna is associated with terrestrial subterranean environment (caves and underground spaces above the water table), and stygofauna with all kind of subterranean waters (groundwater, aquifers, subterranean rivers, dripping bowls, gours, etc.).
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Yunnanilus macrogaster is a hypogean species of stone loach endemic to China. This species is endemic to the endorheic drainage system which feeds the Datangzi Marsh in Luoping County, Yunnan, the marsh has been formed by the outflow of a stream from its underground course. It is a demersal species and the waters where it was found were densely vegetated, it feeds on worms and insects. It is sympatric with Yunnanilus niger and Y, paludosus, forming a small species flock.
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Canosa sits on the right bank of the Ofanto river (the ancient ') and is nearly from the Adriatic Sea. The town sits upon the Murgia plateau, between above sea level. The city is built on a mostly sandy or clay surface that covers a limestone layer ("calcareniti of Gravina") which in turn constitutes the typical white- yellowish tuff and is easily collapsible. This morphological feature allowed the underground construction of artificial grottoes (used in the 19th century as cellars), and the creation of a Hypogean.
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Hypogeal, hypogean, hypogeic and hypogeous (meaning "underground", from Greek hypó "under" + gaîa "earth") are biological terms describing an organism's activity below the soil surface. In botany, a seed is described as showing hypogeal germination when the cotyledons of the germinating seed remain non- photosynthetic, inside the seed shell, and below ground. The converse, where the cotyledons expand, throw off the seed shell and become photosynthetic above the ground, is epigeal germination. In water purification works, the hypogeal (or Schmutzdecke) layer is a biological film just below the surface of slow sand filters.
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Montgomery JC, Coombs S, Baker CF (2001) The mechanosensory lateral line system of the hypogean form of Astyanax fasciatus. Env Biol Fish 62:87–96 In 1973, it was shown that Atlantic salmon have conditioned cardiac responses to electric fields with strengths similar to those found in oceans. "This sensitivity might allow a migrating fish to align itself upstream or downstream in an ocean current in the absence of fixed references."Rommel 1973 Magnetoception, or magnetoreception, is the ability to detect the direction one is facing based on the Earth's magnetic field.
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Orune, Su Tempiesu The nuragic holy well is a typical Sardinian hypogean Bronze Age structure for the worship of the waters. Scattered throughout the island, along with the Giants' grave and the megaron temples, they testify to the deep religiosity of the Nuragic populations. These temples were a place of pilgrimage and ceremonies: it is believed that at certain times of year the various nuragic populations of the area gathered together in their vicinity. The oldest temples were built in the style of the nuraghe, with blocks of stone not perfectly squared; over time they were built with a greater accuracy.
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The necropolis of Sant'Andrea Priu is an archaeological site located on the south side of the fertile plain of Saint Lucia, in the municipality of Bonorva, Sardinia. The complex, one of the most important of the island, is composed of twenty domus de janas; one of them with its eighteen rooms appears to be one of the largest hypogean tombs of the Mediterranean basin. The necropolis is located on the front of a trachytic outcrop high 10 m and long 180; entrances to the domus are all within a few meters in height from the ground level and some of them are difficult to access because of the detachment of a substantial part of the rock face. The interior of the domus de janas is a faithful reproduction of the houses of that time, with many architectural details (beams, joists, lintels, jambs, pillars and wainscoting perimeter), tending to recreate an environment similar to that where the deceased had spent his existence.
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