Corresponding to any given name there are one or more hypocoristics, affectionate nicknames. These are formed by adding the suffix -chan to a stem. There are two types of stem. One consists of the full given name.
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Grażyna is a Polish feminine given name. The name was created by the Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz for the main character of his 1823 poem Grażyna. The name is derived from the Lithuanian adjective gražus, meaning "pretty", "beautiful".April 1, a name day for Grażyna Diminutives/hypocoristics include Grasia, Grazia, Grażynka, Grażka, Grażusia.
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The German given name was adopted in Czech and Slovak as Oldřich, Oldrich and in Scandinavian as Ulrik, in Slovenian as Urh, in Latvia as Uldis. Common German hypocoristics are Uli or Ulli (Swiss Ueli) and historically Utz. A Czech/Slovak hypocoristic is Volek and a Polish one Ryczek. A feminine form Ulrike, Ulrica is recorded from the early modern period.
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Examples of this type are Tarō-chan from Tarō, Kimiko- chan from Kimiko, and Yasunari-chan from Yasunari. The other type of stem is a modified stem derived from the full given name. Examples of such names are: Ta-chan from Tarō, Kii-chan from Kimiko, and Yā-chan from Yasunari. Hypocoristics with modified stems are more intimate than those based on the full given name.
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In his book, entitled Morphology and published in 2005, Katamba extended his analysis to other areas in linguistics to have a grasp of the morphology of words, but also a better understanding of the relationship between morphology, phonology and semantics, in addition to an overview of sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics. In a chapter on back- formation, published in the Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Second Edition) in 2006, he investigated the most productive type of back-formations, hypocoristics.
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The name Stephen is derived from Greek Stephanos (Στέφανος, tr. Stéphanos), meaning "crown". It has had hundreds of variants in Serbo-Croatian language, most of which are hypocoristics that can now only be deduced from surnames. Early Slavs did not use the voice /f/, so the Greek Stephanos was adapted into Stjepan (Стјепан) and Stipan (Стипан) in modern-day Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, Šćepan (Шћепан) in modern-day Montenegro, and Stevan (Стеван) and Stepan (Степан) in modern-day Serbia.
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A second major category of names was shortened versions ("hypocoristics," or in German Kosenamen) of the compounded names. Thus alongside the many names beginning with Kall- "beauty" such as Kallinikos "of fair victory", there are shortened Kallias and Kallon (masculine) or Kallis (feminine). Alongside victory names such as Nikostratos "victory army", there are Nikias and Nikon (masculine) or Niko (feminine). Such shortenings were variously formed and very numerous: more than 250 shortenings of names in Phil(l)- ("love") and related roots have been counted.
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The name Anastasia originated during the early days of Christianity and was given to many Greek girls born in December and around Easter. It was established as the female form (Greek: ) of the male name Anastasius (Greek: Anastasios ), and has the meaning of "she/he of the resurrection". It is the name of several early saints; including Anastasia of Sirmium, a central saint from the 2nd century who is commemorated during the first Mass on Christmas Dawn each year according to the traditional calendar of the Roman Catholic Church and on December 22 according to the Eastern Orthodox Church. Slavic diminutives include Nastya, Nastia or Nastja (Serbian, Slovenian) as well as various hypocoristics: Nastenka, Nastyusha, Nastyona.
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'Constantine ( or ; Latin: Cōnstantīnus, Greek: ', Kōnstantînos) is a masculine and feminine (in French for example) given name and surname which is derived from the Latin name Constantinus, a hypocoristic of the first names Constans and Constantius, both meaning "constant, steadfast" in Latin. The names are the Latin equivalents of the Bulgarian name 'Стоян' and the Greek name Eustáthios (Εὐστάθιος), meaning the same, not changing, standing. The name "Constantine" is still very common in Greece and Cyprus, the forms Κώστας (Kostas), Κωστής (Kostis) and Ντίνος (Dinos) being popular hypocoristics. The popularity stems from the eleven Roman and Byzantine emperors (beginning with St. Constantine I), couple of Bulgarian Emperors and two Greek kings of the same regal name.
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Hypocoristics with modified stems are derived by adding -chan to a stem consisting of an integral number, usually one but occasionally two, of feet, where a foot consists of two moras. A mora is the unit of which a light syllable contains one and a heavy syllable two. For example, the stems that may be derived from Tarō are /taro/, consisting of two light syllables, and /taa/, consisting of a single syllable with a long vowel, resulting in Taro-chan and Tā-chan. The stems that may be derived from Hanako are /hana/, with two light syllables, /han/, with one syllable closed by a consonant, and /haa/, with one syllable with a long vowel, resulting in Hanachan, Hanchan, and Hāchan.
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