It is also a fluid measure, equal to four hogsheads, and most surprisingly, a mollusk.
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And by 1636, a rare tulip with petals of red and white stripes that flowed out like ribbons of peppermint candy became so popular that for the price of a single bulb, a person could purchase eight pigs, four oxen, 12 sheep (all fat), 24 tons of wheat, twice that much rye, two hogsheads of wine, four barrels of beer, 4,000 pounds of butter, a quarter that much cheese, a silver drinking cup, a pack of clothes, a bed (including mattress and bedding) and a ship, according to a pamphlet from the time.
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In essence, Sedley Duke had regretted his long animosity and left half of his rich estate to James, including his dwelling house north of Tremont Street, complete with six acres of garden land, a fruit orchard, twenty acres of fresh meadow, a twelve-stall stable, two carriages and six matched pair of horses, nearly two million acres of forest in Maine, a collection of Indian relics, a stuffed crocodile, eight silver platters, four and twenty pewter plates, a turtle-shell-hafted knife, a library of eighty-four books, two hogsheads of Portuguese vinho , eight barrels of rum, two waistcoats embroidered with bucolic scenes, five Turkish carpets, six warehouses of lumber, twenty-seven acres of salt marsh, part interests in several ships, potash manufactories, a shingle factory, Ohio timberlands, bank accounts and stocks.
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Elizabeth struck after she had four men wounded; Sarah Ann had two men wounded. Sarah Ann took her prize into Savannah, Georgia, arriving there on 2 September. Elizabeth was carrying 323 hogsheads, and some tierces and barrels of sugar. She was also carrying 13 hogsheads and 37 tierces of coffee, and nine hogsheads and 29 barrels of ginger.
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The butt of beer was equal to half a tun, two hogsheads, three barrels or .
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Of these, 42,000 hogsheads were exported, mainly to the British market.Lynch & Vaizey, op cit, p200-201.
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It must have taken innumerable hogsheads of his thin vintage to empurple his face in this manner.
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Photograph of Slaves Rolling Hogsheads of Tobacco Down a Road. Maryland Digital Cultural Heritage. Retrieved January 25, 2014.Elizabeth Janney.
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If there should be a little more then to fill two hogsheads, put it in a rundlet by it self.
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Retrieved January 25, 2014. The same year, he made Slaves Rolling Hogsheads of Tobacco Down a Road for the school's library. In it, slaves are rolling casks of tobacco to Elkridge Landing on Rolling Road. Historically slaves rolled the tobacco hogsheads from farms to the Elkridge Landing seaport on the Patapsco River where they would be shipped.
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The butt was an English measure of liquid volume equalling two hogsheads, being between 450 and 1060 litres by various historical definitions.
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In 1727, the state ended the practice of having ship sailors personally retrieve hogsheads of tobacco themselves. Inland tobacco farms were able to increase productivity by rolling their own hogsheads to ports of Baltimore, Annapolis and Elkridge. Six acres around the Rowling house were surveyed by William Cromwell on 7 February 1743. The site was purchased by Caleb and Edward Dorsey and named "Calebs and Edwards Friendship".
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Although they failed to turn up any contraband or evidence of tax evasion on exports, the searches did reveal the provision the family were making for their forthcoming voyage. :At John Dummer's house at Swaythling: six bushels of oatmeal and one brewstock of beer containing five bushels of malt, set aside for John's son Thomas. :At Thomas Dummer's house at Chickenhall, North Stoneham: one hogshead of beef, set aside for Richard and for Thomas's daughter Joan. :At Stephen Dummer's house at Townhill Park: two hogsheads of beef, five hogsheads of meal, four hogsheads of bacon and malt together, two barrels of beer and six cheeses set aside for Stephen Dummer's family and their servants and wards.
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Pilchard fishing and processing became a thriving industry in Cornwall, England from around 1750 to around 1880, after which it went into decline. Catches varied from year to year, and in 1871, the catch was 47,000 hogsheads, while in 1877, only 9,477 hogsheads. A hogshead contained 2,300 to 4,000 pilchards, and when filled with pressed pilchards, weighed 476 lbs. The pilchards were mostly exported to Roman Catholic countries such as Italy and Spain, where they are known as fermades.
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Transporting goods in hogsheads This building, constructed around 1790 to 1799, is the oldest structure in the Appomattox Court House National Historical Park. The Sweeney prizery is a building that was a tobacco-packing house owned by Major Joel Flood in 1865. The local farmers would bring their crop of tobacco here to be packed in hogsheads for storage and later transport to the market. Many Confederate soldiers camped in this vicinity during the previous night of the surrender of the Confederate army to the Union army on April 9, 1865.
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His first season produced a fine dry yellow sugar and by 1869 of rum also. In early November 1868 the Maryborough Chronicle reported that the mill's end of season production was estimated to be of sugar and 75 hogsheads of rum. The first shipment of locally produced rum left Maryborough on 11 November when 19 hogsheads from the Central Mill and of sugar left on board the Saxonia for Sydney. In 1869/1870 William Gibson, who had operated a sugar mill near Brisbane, purchased the Central Mill, which he ran until the mid 1880s.
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90, #601. On 20 August 1782, Arethusa recaptured the former British warship . She was armed with 18 guns and carrying a crew of 71 men. She was also carrying a cargo of of indigo and eight hogsheads of tobacco.
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As Albion was sailing from Jamaica to London, Curry had to put into Havana on 18 October, having sprung a leak. She landed and sold 70 hogsheads of sugar. She was expected to sail again on 18 November.Lloyd's List №5037.
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On March 14, 1776, John Barry was commissioned Captain of the fourteen-gun in the Continental Navy. In early June, the privateer Nancy loaded supplies in the Caribbean islands of St. Thomas and St. Croix. She then sailed for Philadelphia with "three hundred and eighty-six barrels of gunpowder, fifty fire-locks, one hundred and one hogsheads of rum, and sixty-two hogsheads of sugar, &c;, on board". In mid-June, Barry was alerted by Morris that Nancy was headed his way, and would need protection since she had only an eleven-man crew and six cannons.
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In colonial times, the tobacco was then "prized" into hogsheads for transportation. In brightleaf tobacco regions, prizing was replaced by stacking wrapped "hands" into loose piles to be sold at auction. Today, most cured tobacco is baled before sales are made under pre-sold contracts.
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Born in Dublin, he was the third son of the second Arthur Guinness (1768–1855), and his wife Anne Lee, and a grandson of the first Arthur (1725–1803), who had bought the St. James's Gate Brewery in 1759. He joined his father in the business in his late teens, without attending university, and from 1839 he took sole control within the family. From 1855, when his father died, Guinness had become the richest man in Ireland, having built up a huge export trade and by continually enlarging his brewery.Lynch and Vaizey, Guinness's Brewery in the Irish Economy 1759–1876 Cambridge 1960 In numbers, sales of his single and double stouts had been 78,000 hogsheads in 1855, which he nearly trebled to 206,000 hogsheads in 1865. Of these, some 112,000 were sold in Ireland, as the rural economy recovered from the Great Famine of the 1840s, and 94,000 were exported to Britain. By 1870, soon after his death, sales had risen further to 256,000 hogsheads, of which 120,000 were exported to Britain.
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Illustrated in an engraving in Macphail 1881:13. Among the annual gifts of the Dukes were twenty hogsheads of Pommard wine. The monks supported themselves in part by salt-making in large stone tubs, for which manufacture they claimed exemption from the tax levied on salt works.Macphail 1881:14.
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Her cargo consisted of 922 hogsheads of sugar, 342 bales of cotton, and of coffee. On 23 September 1803 Heureux represented the Royal Navy at the capture of the Batavian Republic's colony at Berbice. The British captured the schooner Serpent, as well many arms, troops and the like.
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In 1790 he provided three hogsheads of New England rum for the second voyage of the ship Columbia Rediviva to the Northwest, part of Commander Robert Gray's effort to explore trade on the Northwest Coast.Howay, Edward. Editor. Voyages of the Columbia 1787-1790, 1790-1793. Boston. The Massachusetts Historical Society, Volume 79, Proceedings.
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"...on March 20, 1784, John Langdon contracted with Major James Hackett of Exeter for 'a good well-built Ship' to be delivered at Langdon's Island 'finished to a cleat.' Hackett was to be paid as follows: “Four Hundred and Thirty Pounds in cash---three hogsheads rum at four shillings and six pence per gallon; five hogsheads molasses, at two shillings per gallon; one teirce coffee at one shilling and three pence per Lt.; fifteen barrels sugar at three pounds per hundred weight; two hundred weight of Bohea Tea, at four and six pence per pound. The remainder in any dry goods the said Langdon may have at two for one from the sterling cost." Quoted from William G. Saltonstall's book "Ports of Piscataqua".
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Glenelg Country School is in neighboring Ellicott City. Discovery Farm was built land patented as "Second Discovery" in 1729. A house was built starting with a kitchen in 1760 with nearby slave quarters. Folly Quarter road was once one of the "Rolling roads" that slaves would roll hogsheads of tobacco toward Elkridge Landing for sale.
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The Harpring Storage Warehouse features a steel frame and poured concrete floor. The steel supports provide a very open floor plan, ideal for the storage of thousands of hogsheads. Each section is 190 feet long and 110 feet wide. In some of the warehouse sections, the corrugated metal siding has been sprayed with insulation.
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The five Rucker brothers were among the tobacco planters in Amherst County, Virginia. Anthony Rucker was a tobacco inspector for the county. The need to transport large hogshead of tobacco to the port at Richmond, Virginia, likely motivated the Rucker brothers to develop the bateau. It was just wide enough to accommodate standard hogsheads (barrels) across the floor.
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Colonial mansions of Maryland and Delaware. J.B. Lippincott company; 1914. p. 172. Native Americans lived north of the Elkridge Landing site in 1692 and rangers were appointed among the settlers to keep watch. Around 1725 a 28 by 16 foot "Rowling House" with clapboard siding was built on the landing to store tobacco rolled in hogsheads to market.
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Richmond Tobacco Exchange was a commodities exchange in Richmond, Virginia, where tobacco was traded. It was established in 1858. Tobacco farmers opposed its creation, because the exchange was controlled by merchants. The Richmond Chamber of Commerce reported sales of leaf tobacco through the exchange for the year ended September 30, 1873 were 45,595 hogsheads, 11,415 tierces and 1,814 boxes.
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Here, standing on a wooden stage, he raised several inches from the ground three hogsheads of water weighing , using for the purpose a strong rope and tackle passing over his shoulders. This performance is represented in an etching published by W. H. Toms in July 1741, from a drawing by C. Leigh.woodcut in Pink's Clerkenwell, p.
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Under the proposal the State of Maryland would make specified payments of interest for five to ten years all of which were contingent upon the repayment of the loan principal to the Van Staphorsts Brothers. Additional payment would be made to the brothers as an indemnity against the losses suffered for not receiving the hogsheads of tobacco.
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Instead, a dark raw sugar or muscovado, produced on the plantations by initial boilings of the fresh cane juice, was shipped in hogsheads to Europe on what was the third leg of the Triangular Trade. The sugarloaf was also the sign of a grocer, often found outside his premises or in the window, and sometimes found on his trade tokens.
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Both ships were thirty days out from Surinam, bound for London, with a cargo of coffee, cotton, cocoa, and six hundred hogsheads of sugar. Atlas, which had sailed between the two vessels and fired broadsides from both sides, had been damaged in the fighting before the two vessels struck.Maclay (1899), pp. 251-254. Still, Atlas made it safely back to Philadelphia with Pursuit.
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John and James had been built at Philadelphia for George Morrison of Petersburg, Virginia. She had left Petersburg with 450 hogsheads of tobacco and 12,000 staves. On 27 December 1794 the Tribunal of Commerce ordered John and James released to Captain James Johnson and the Committee of Public Safety awarded him a payment of 20,000 livres tournois.Williams (2009), p.204.
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Under her master, C. Southworth, Juliet was carrying 113 hogsheads and 19 tierces of molasses. Pazs war on commerce continued with the capture on 13 September of the schooner Richard D. Stanley, of 115 tons, sailing to Boston with a cargo of 506 barrels of tar, 170 of pitch, 69 of turpentine and 100 of flour. In October, Paz captured three vessels.
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The property was first sold in 1752 to Captain Samuel Browne for four pounds, six shillings. Browne was one of Smithfield's earliest settlers and was a sea-going man in the shipping and trading business. When he died in 1760, he was half-owner of the sloop London and his other property contained in his warehouse (located in the old dormer end of the property) included 10 barrels of coffee, 6 hogsheads and one tierce of molasses (700 gallons), 2 hogsheads of sugar, 2 1/2 tierces of rum (150 gallons), 300 bushels of salt, 50 bushels of wheat, 50 hams and bacon, and 18 pounds of allspice. Front door, in 2012 Upon Browne's death the property passed to Captain Samuel Wentworth who lived on the adjacent lot and was subsequently owned by Wentworth descendants until 1809.
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Lord Iveagh was managing director of the Guinness partnership and company, from his father's death in 1868 until 1889, running the largest brewery in the world - it spanned . He later became chairman of the board for life. By the age of 29 he had taken over sole ownership of the Dublin brewery after buying out the half-share of his older brother Lord Ardilaun for £600,000 in 1876. Over the next 10 years, Edward Cecil brought unprecedented success to St James's Gate, multiplying the value of his brewery enormously. By 1879 he was brewing 565,000 hogsheads of stout.Lynch & Vaizey (1960), op cit, 200-201. 7 years later, in 1886, he was selling 635,000 hogsheads in Ireland, 212,000 in Britain, and 60,000 elsewhere, a total of 907,000 hogsheads.Wilson & Gourvish, "The Dynamics of the International Brewing Industry Since 1800". Psychology Press, 1998; p113.
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They are 500 feet long by 160 feet wide. The roof is of cast iron, and the building finished in the most permanent manner.’ In 1821, the Rev. George Newenham Wright, an Anglican clergyman, likewise noted: :‘To the east of the new basin is the tobacco store (500 feet by 160, and capable of containing 3,000 hogsheads), the plan of which was given by John Rennie, Esq.
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John Fawns died, and James Boag III was born. In 1883, James I and his son took over the Esk Brewery.Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies (2006) "Boag Family", in The Companion to Tasmanian History J. Boag & Son was officially formed in 1883, as the partnership between James Boag I and his son, to operate the brewery. The company's initial output was seven hogsheads of beer weekly.
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On 26 June 1793 Albion sailed from Bluefields, Jamaica, with the Jamaica fleet returning to England and under escort by the frigate , the sloops and , and the troop transport . Albion was carrying 600 hogsheads of sugar. Another vessel in the convoy was , Young, master. On 4 July a gale forced Amity Hall away from the fleet, but she sighted it again on 5 July.
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Hakewill, James. (1825) A Picturesque Tour of the Island of Jamaica, From Drawings Made in the Years 1820 and 1821. London: Hurst and Robinson & E. Lloyd. By 1877 when the plantation was surveyed by Thomas Harrison, it had over 500 acres in cane; and in 1880 output had reached 710 hogsheads of sugar and 480 puncheons of rum, making Albion the leading producer in Jamaica.Albion (2).
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The auction particulars stated that it was of 4,335 acres and had produced on average, over the last seven years, 380 hogsheads of sugar and 270 puncheons of rum. Also for sale was Albion Mountain, a plot of about 560 acres one mile from the plantation.Jamaica. Particulars of a Valuable Sugar Estate known as Albion in the Island of Jamaica, & c. 15 May 1889.
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Retrieved January 25, 2014. Ships were unable to sail to Elkridge Landing after the first half of the 1700s.Inventory of Historic Properties. Maryland Historical Trust. p. 3. Retrieved January 25, 2014. By 1763, 50 percent of Anne Arundel's tobacco production was processed at the landing totaling 1,695 hogsheads. Christ Church Guilford would tax the tobacco to pay for the local sheriff and church expenses.
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In 1806 a total of 7000 hogsheads of pilchards were recorded taken from Mullion. It is likely that by this time several fish cellars had been built in Cove, putting the fishing on an economic footing. At that time, the fishing had as much connection with Predannack as it did with Mullion, and it was hoped that the new industry would encourage occupation and building at Predannack.
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Often a general fight developed after several hours of drinking and the place received the name of Scuffletown, his great great grandson, Michael "Manfox" Buley still lives in Henderson County. A school was built there sometime around 1817. The first church was built in 1830 at the Vanada farm. A tobacco stemmery was built in 1860 and shipped 400 to 450 hogsheads per year to Europe.
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John and James was built at Philadelphia in 1792 for George Morrison of Petersburg, Virginia. In 1793 she departed Petersburg with 450 hogsheads of tobacco and 12,000 staves. On 16 January 1794 the French frigate Insurgente captured her and brought her into Brest. On 4 April Lloyd's List reported that John and James, Johnson, master, from Virginia, to Falmouth, "and a market", had been taken and sent into Brest.
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The tobacco hogshead became standardized by the 1760s and measured 48 inches (120 cm) long and 30 inches (76 cm) in diameter at the head. They held about 1,000 pounds (450 kg) of tightly packed tobacco. Larger bateaus could transport 10 or more hogsheads, depending on river conditions. Tobacco was a very profitable crop, and because of cheap slave labor vast amounts were produced by planters along the James River basin.
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On 31 December, she set out for New York again, with a cargo of 988 bales of cotton, 200 hogsheads of sugar, 1000 barrels of molasses and sundries. After travelling only 27 miles, a fire broke out onboard and the steamer was beached at McCalls Flat, where she burned to the waterline. The ship and cargo, with a combined value of $250,000, were deemed "almost a total loss".
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In 1690 the town and seaport of Elkridge Landing was settled in the Patapsco Valley of the Colony of Maryland. It was a deep-water port, with a channel about 10 feet deep, that brought ships inland from the Chesapeake Bay. Tobacco casks, or hogsheads, were rolled down Rolling Hill to the port by "long strings of slaves" and boarded ships. Manufactured iron was also shipped out of the port.
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Among the colonists who survived the shipwreck of the Sea Venture at Bermuda and sailed to Virginia was John Rolfe. At Bermuda Hundred, he cultivated and exported several non-native strains of tobacco, providing the proprietary Colony with a crucial cash crop to export. Bermuda Hundred became a major shipping point for hogsheads of tobacco grown on plantations nearby. Rolfe became wealthy, and lived at Bermuda Hundred for a time.
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Another issue that arose with the blockade of tobacco from the American colonies was a shift toward British use of Turkish and Egyptian tobacco. As part of the British disdain for American independence, the British seized and destroyed over 10,000 hogsheads of tobacco in 1780–1781. Led by generals Phillips, Arnold and Cornwallis, this attack on the American tobacco industry is sometimes entitled the "Tobacco War" by historians.Burns, p. 95.
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Occasionally less likely vessels were used as punch bowls: > On the 15th October 1694 Admiral Edward Russell, then commanding the > Mediterranean fleet, gave a grand entertainment at Alicante. The tables were > laid under the shade of orange-trees, in four garden-walks meeting in a > common centre, at a marble fountain, which last, for the occasion, was > converted into a Titanic punch-bowl. Four hogsheads of brandy, one pipe of > Malaga wine, twenty gallons of lime-juice, twenty-five hundred lemons, > thirteen hundredweight of fine white sugar, five pounds' weight of grated > nutmegs, three hundred toasted biscuits, and eight hogsheads of water, > formed the ingredients of this monster-brewage. An elegant canopy placed > over the potent liquor, prevented waste by evaporation, or dilution by rain; > while, in a boat, built expressly for the purpose, a ship-boy rowed round > the fountain, to assist in filling cups for the six thousand persons who > partook of it.
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Serjeant's first race as a four-year-old was the valuable Claret Stakes at Newmarket's First Spring Meeting, which usually took place in April. The race was run over the four-mile Beacon Course and included a consolation prize of two hogsheads of Claret for the runner-up. Serjeant finished unplaced behind the Prince of Wales's horse Hardwicke. At the next meeting he was beaten in a match by the Prince of Wales's horse Rockingham.
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By 1730 there were public tobacco warehouses every fourteen miles. Bonded at £1,000 sterling, each inspector received from £25 to £60 as annual salary. Four hogsheads of 950 pounds were considered a ton for London shipment. Ships from English ports did not need port cities; they called at the wharves of warehouses or plantations along the rivers for tobacco and the next year returned with goods the planters had ordered from the shops of London.
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The name 'Esk Brewery' was retained, although 'Boag's Brewery' became a frequent reference. In 1887, James Boag II began management of the company on the retirement of his father. A new malthouse was built and weekly production had increased to more than 500 hogsheads, with the brewery employing a 30 members of staff. In 1898, J. Boag & Son purchased the Cornwall Brewery and amalgamated it with the Esk Brewery; James Boag I died in 1890.
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Gillmore reports that bacon rations were usually delivered to the regiment in large hogsheads, weighing between six hundred and twelve hundred pounds apiece. The bacon was packed into the barrels at its point of origin by a man whose initials were "B.C."; accordingly, these initials were stamped onto each barrel, together with its precise weight. On one occasion, a certain Sergeant came with a detail of men to collect his Company's bacon ration.
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As a privateer under the command of A. Taylor she captured the American vessel Tom Lee, Buchanan, master, on 23 March 1781 after an engagement of two and a half hours during which Tom Lee suffered one man killed; Tarleton had no casualties. Tom Lee had been sailing from Baltimore to Nantes with 140 hogsheads of tobacco valued at £9000.Lloyd's List №1258. Tom Lee was armed with 12 guns and had a crew of 45 men.
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Raleigh left Plymouth on 6 February 1595, and sailed towards the Azores to take on fresh supplies before the crossing of the Atlantic. Having successfully done so Raleigh was sailing near the Canary Islands where off Tenerife a Spanish ship was captured; the cargo was emptied of which a large amount of firearms was taken. A day later a Flemish ship was captured its cargo too being emptied – 20 hogsheads of Spanish wine.Stebbing, pp. 112–114.
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All ales are top fermented in enclosed square fermenters using the historic Joseph Holt yeast strain, while lagers are fermented and conditioned in modern cylindroconical vessels. Joseph Holt have their own borehole on the brewery site to abstract brewing liquor (water) and are one of only a handful of brewers in the UK still to rack into 36 gallon casks, as well as hogsheads, the largest barrel size, carrying 432 pints () and weighing roughly when full.
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The colony struggled for five years after its establishment at Jamestown in 1607. Finally, a profitable export crop was identified through the efforts of colonist John Rolfe. After 1612, a sweet form of tobacco became the largest export crop, customarily shipped in large hogsheads. Because the river was a highway of commerce in the 17th and 18th centuries, the early plantations were established on the north and south banks along it, with most having their own wharfs.
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16th century clay tobacco pipes. They were inexpensive and popular but easily broken. As tobacco became less expensive the bowls were made larger. An 11-page inventory described the property Evert II had inherited, including the two main houses, furniture, tableware, paintings, the pipe workshop and a huge stock of tobacco pipes. This included more than 376,000 pipes in total. The inventory includes 1 1/2 hogsheads of sugar shipped in exchange for 12 cases of pipes unloaded at Malta.
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Franklin B. Wickwire and Mary B. Wickwire. Cornwallis and the War of Independence (1971) These raids resulted in massive destruction of tobacco fields and curing barns, as the colonists used tobacco to fund their war efforts. The British destruction of about 10,000 hogsheads of tobacco (roughly 10 million pounds) in 1780 and 1781 became known as the Tobacco War. When Cornwallis left Greensboro for Wilmington, he left the road open for Greene to begin the American reconquest of South Carolina.
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They left London on 1 May but were captured by a Dunkirk ship on the 23rd, which, "tooke from us two Hogsheads of strong Beere, our Muskets, a Fowling Peece of Master Weldens, which cost three pounds sterling." They arrived at Cherry Island on 2 July and four days later began hunting walrus, now killing them with both "shot and javelings". They obtained eleven tuns of oil, as well as taking their tusks. The expedition returned to London on 24 August.
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Traditionally, a cooper is someone who makes wooden, staved vessels, held together with wooden or metal hoops and possessing flat ends or heads. Examples of a cooper's work include casks, barrels, buckets, tubs, butter churns, vats, hogsheads, firkins, tierces, rundlets, puncheons, pipes, tuns, butts, troughs, pins and breakers. Traditionally, a hooper was the man who fitted the wooden or metal hoops around the barrels or buckets that the cooper had made, essentially an assistant to the cooper. The English name Hooper is derived from that profession.
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Barry Higman, Montpelier (Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 1998), pp. 22-5. George received an income dependent on the plantation's output, which ranged from 40-80 hogsheads of sugar and 20-40 puncheons of rum. He travelled to Jamaica early in 1780, inspected his property there, contracted fever, and returned to England in late 1781. When his uncle John was lost at sea in 1782, George took control of his slave plantations in Jamaica, but did not pursue his original objective to lease Caymanas.
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A bonfire burns during a night event in the US In New England, on the night before the Fourth of July, towns competed to build towering pyramids, assembled from hogsheads, barrels and casks. They were lit at nightfall, to usher in the celebration. The highest were in Salem, Massachusetts, composed of as many as forty tiers of barrels; these are the tallest bonfires ever recorded. The practice flourished in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and can still be found in some New England towns.
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On 26 June 1793 Amity Hall sailed from Bluefields, Jamaica, with the Jamaica fleet returning to England and under escort by the frigate , the sloops and , and the troop transport . Another vessel in the convoy was , Mentor, master, which was on the return leg to England from bringing slaves to Jamaica from Africa, and which was now carrying 600 hogsheads of sugar. On 4 July a gale forced Amity Hall away from the fleet, but she sighted it on 5 July.Fletcher (1805), pp.102-4.
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Two days later, Fairy left Portsmouth for the West Indies. Between 20 and 31 August she carried dispatches from Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane. She fought her way up the Potomac River to recall Captain James Alexander Gordon (commanding ) and his squadron, who had taken Alexandria, Virginia, two days before. The British had also captured 21 merchant vessels and looted stores and warehouses of 16,000 barrels of flour, 1,000 hogsheads of tobacco, 150 bales of cotton, and some $5,000 worth of wine, sugar, and other items.
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Large, custom built concrete tanks were installed to hold the best-selling wines in bulk, the less popular lines being stored in hogsheads or puncheons on the first floor until needed for bottling on the ground floor. The Berri Co-op supplied the wine and spirits for bottling in the early days. These included brandy, gin and fortified wines such as port, muscat and sherry. By the early 1960s, the warehouse was being used "for the purpose of storage of skins, fruit and general merchandise".
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Beverley's son, Robert, built the mansion at Blandfield between 1769 and 1773. The property was owned by the Beverley family from 1683 until its 1983 sale. Beverley inherited a large estate after his father's death in 1722, and continued speculating in land. He received income from tobacco production and rent from tenant farmers. Although by 1745 Beverley's estate produced 57 hogsheads (about 26,000 kg) of tobacco, the income from his 119 tenants in Caroline, Culpeper, Orange and King and Queen Counties was far more lucrative.
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The original seal from 1777 was specified as such: "The great seal of this State shall have the following device: on one side of a scroll, whereon shall be engraved “The Constitution of the State of Georgia;” and the motto “Pro bono publico.” On the other side, an elegant house, and other buildings, fields of corn, and meadows covered with sheep and cattle; a river running through the same, with a ship under full sail, and the motto, “Deus nobis haec otia fecit.” On February 8, 1799 an Act of the Legislature stated the seal as "On the one side a view of the seashore with a ship bearing the flag of the United States, riding near a wharf, receiving aboard hogsheads of tobacco and bales of cotton, emblematic of the exports of this State; at a small distance a boat landing from the interior of the State with hogsheads etc., on board representing her internal traffic; in the back part of the same side, a man in the act of ploughing; and at a small distance a flock of sheep in different postures shaded by a flourishing tree, the motto on this side agriculture and commerce, 1799.
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Organ purchased 111 hogsheads of tobacco (111,000 pounds) from Laidlaw & Co. on February 18, 1815 in New Orleans. The purchase was made between 8 and 9am on the same day that news broke that a peace treaty had been accepted between America and Britain that ended the War of 1812 and lifted a naval embargo that had drastically depressed the price of American tobacco by 30 to 50 percent. Organ was aware of the lifting of the embargo because his brother had informed him earlier that morning. Laidlaw was not aware of the news.
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In the late 1800s, the loose-leaf auction system of selling tobacco spread throughout Virginia and The Carolinas. The system eliminated previous methods that allowed swindlers to falsely market barrels of tobacco, coined “hogsheads” and sell them to tobacco companies. With the new system, farmers first brought their crop to warehouses where it was arranged into piles so that potential buyers could inspect the product. The warehousemen would then hire auctioneers to sell the farmers’ tobacco to the buyers, typically men representing large corporations, such as American Tobacco Company.
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Jane Brooks (Higdon) Brown was the sister of Lydia Abbington.Hatch, 150 Her daughter Jane married Nathaniel Pope alias Bridges about 1690. The son of Nathaniel and Jane (Brown) Pope is listed as John Pope, "Planter" in 1728 when Augustine Washington purchased his mill "for 60 Pounds current Virginia money two acres with the appurtenances together with the mill thereon erected & built scituate [several miles upstream] at the head of Popes Creek." Augustine added to the property the road called "Lord's rolling road" (the name alludes to rolling hogsheads of tobacco down to the Potomac).
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Tobacco leaf grown at local farms was packed into large hogshead barrels, and rolled to the town to obtain the official quality inspection necessary for its marketing. Sealed and quality-branded hogsheads were then loaded onto pole boats for transport to the seaport and market at Savannah, Georgia 215 river miles downstream. Augusta's Tobacco Road still exists by that name and, according to Georgia Place-Names, was laid out in 1789. The tobacco market waned in the very early 19th century and, with that, the commercial existence of New Savannah.
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Some elements of this system included the enslavement and importation of African people to grow crops. Planters filled large hogsheads with tobacco and conveyed them to inspection warehouses. The tobacco economy in the colonies was embedded in a cycle of leaf demand, slave labor demand, and global commerce that gave rise to the Chesapeake Consignment System and Tobacco Lords. American tobacco farmers would sell their crop on consignment to merchants in London, which required them to take out loans for farm expenses from London guarantors in exchange for tobacco delivery and sale.
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Byrd plantation, showing how imports and exports came by ship to the front door As the English increasingly used tobacco products, tobacco in the American colonies became a significant economic force, especially in the tidewater region surrounding the Chesapeake Bay. Vast plantations were built along the rivers of Virginia, and social/economic systems developed to grow and distribute this cash crop. Some elements of this system included the importation and employment of slaves to grow crops. Planters would then fill large hogsheads with tobacco and convey them to inspection warehouses.
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At the end of Welsh Road is Mill Street, which leads to where the mills once stood. When Robert Lewis came into ownership, he added a cooperage for the production of barrels and hogsheads, and this required construction of a sawmill, and probably a cider mill. A bit upstream from the sawmill, David Lewis built a textile mill which was burned during the War of 1812, but subsequently rebuilt.Eleanor P., "Historical Northeast Philadelphia", Friends of the Holmesburg Branch Free Library, 1994 The mills contributed to the growth of Holmesburg.
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Edler (1911), pp. 37–38, 42–62; The American trade via St. Eustatius was very substantial. In 1779 more than 12,000 hogsheads of tobacco and 1.5 million ounces of indigo were shipped from the Colonies to the island in exchange for naval supplies and other goods; Edler, p. 62 The British considered this trade to include contraband military supplies and had attempted to stop it, at first diplomatically by appealing to previous treaty obligations, interpretation of whose terms the two nations disagreed on, and then by searching and seizing Dutch merchant ships.
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The official currency is the Eastern Caribbean dollar (EC$), which is shared by eight other territories in the region. baobab tree by a ruin at Mountravers Estate, a former plantation that produced, on average, 110 "hogsheads" (30,000 kg) of sugar and around 7,250 gallons (33,000 litres) of rum each year. Nevis Heritage Trail sign at Mountravers Estate. The European Commission's Delegation in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean estimates the annual per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on Nevis to be about 10 percent higher than on St. Kitts.
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A second net was shot but the shoal escaped. Another "Covers" boat was launched and a net was shot off Mullion Island, this time successfully enclosing part of the shoal at the north end of the Island enclosing about 100 Hogsheads of fish. It was a talking point for many a visitor at the Mullion Cove Hotel and from those watching from the cliffs. It was not unknown for village cricket matches, or harvesting, to be interrupted by a call of "Hevva": all the fishermen ran to launch the boats.
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Crick was told to write a note to Mr Young, one of the partners of the brewery, to have it fixed later. An hour after the hoop fell off, Crick was standing on a platform from the vat, holding the note to Mr Young, when the vessel, with no indication, burst. The force of the liquid's release knocked the stopcock from a neighbouring vat, which also began discharging its contents; several hogsheads of porter were destroyed, and their contents added to the flood. Between 128,000 and 323,000 imperial gallons were released.
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Modern barrels and casks can also be made of aluminum, stainless steel, and different types of plastic, such as HDPE. Someone who makes barrels is called a "barrel maker" or cooper (coopers also make buckets, vats, tubs, butter churns, hogsheads, firkins, kegs, kilderkins, tierces, rundlets, puncheons, pipes, tuns, butts, pins, troughs and breakers). Barrels have a variety of uses, including storage of liquids such as water, oil, and alcohol arrack, and sake. They are also employed to hold maturing beverages such as wine, cognac, armagnac, sherry, port, whiskey, and beer.
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Promoted by such men as George Washington, Edmund Randolph, and John Marshall, the James River Company opened in 1790 as the first commercial canal in the United States. Stretching from Richmond, Virginia to Westham, Virginia and paralleling the James for , it supplemented existing bateaux transportation on the James River. These flat-bottomed boats floated down the James to Richmond laden with tobacco hogsheads and returned with French and English imports, furniture, dishes, and clothing. In addition to bateaux, many canal boats were packets, which drew more water than the smaller bateaux.
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This can be seen in the number of steamers that used the port and in the volume of freight. In 1860 there were 93 steam packets operating in the Bayou Courtableau trade, as compared with 90 in Bayou Lefourche and 94 in Bayou Teche. An 1877 tabulation showed the total quantity of goods shipped from Washington to New Orleans: 30,000 bales of cotton, 32,000 sacks of cotton seed, 3,000 hogsheads of sugar, 5,800 barrels of molasses, 30,000 dozen poultry, As many as 93 packets came to Washington during the steamboat era which ended in 1900.
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A granite marker in a circle in the center of town commemorates the landing here on May 5, 1607, of English settlers. Beginning in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, Claremont was a busy port town on the navigable portion of the James River, shipping many goods, but especially hogsheads of tobacco. After the Civil War, Willie Allen, who inherited Claremont Manor, moved to New York and sold the property. J. Frank Mancha, a Maryland real estate developer took on the project to develop, subdivide and colonize a new town there in 1879.
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The route was used extensively in the Middle Ages by traders bringing salt to Yorkshire from the Cheshire salt mines by packhorse. By the 18th century carts had replaced many of the packhorses and were transporting many goods including, oil, hardware good, barrels of tar, hogsheads of treacle, glue from Manchester, lead and small grinding stones. Traffic on Long Causeway started to decline around 1760 after the opening of an alternative route to the Hope Valley via Ringinglow."Historic Hallamshire", David Hey, Landmark Publishing, , Pages 13, 98 & 102 Gives historical details of route and goods.
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With low costs and an endless supply of raw materials, the collection of sea salt was extremely profitable in the first part of the 19th century. Not only was salt shipped out for domestic consumption, but it was also used to supply the fishing industry, which dried and salted the catch to preserve the fish for shipment. The annual output of the saltworks on Long Point reached "five to six hundred hogsheads", or , "of extra quality salt." That represented just under 10% of Provincetown's total annual salt production of .
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Detail from an 18th-century map annotated to show the English expedition's movements after the raid On the morning of the third day, Church gave the orders to destroy the dykes and, in turn, all of the crops. Seven dykes were broken, destroying most of the harvest and ruining over 200 hogsheads of stored wheat. To give the impression to the Acadians and Mi'kmaq that his forces were leaving, Church had his soldiers burn the fortifications they had built the day before. He also had them load themselves and the whale boats back onto their transport vessels.
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In 1781, the American revolution induced the Dutch Republic to join with the Bourbon side against the British, a large fleet under Admiral Lord Rodney's command was sent to the West Indies, and after having made some seizures in the Caribbean Islands, a squadron was detached to take possession of the colonies of Essequibo and Demerara, which was accomplished without even a fight. The previous year, the colony produced 10,000 hogsheads of sugar, 5,000,000 pounds coffee and 800,000 pounds cotton. In 1782 the French took possession of the whole of the Dutch settlements, compelling Gov. Robert Kingston to surrender.
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Other items sold at the estate sale were many farming tools, four horses, a bull, a threshing machine, a windmill, and slaves Squires and Judith. Huffman's work as a wagon maker and cooper was reflected in the extensive number of woodworking tools and materials sold, such as coopers tools, blacksmiths tools, turning tools, several work benches, wagon wood, patterns, spokes, planks, twenty-three hogsheads and wagon and tent cloth. The sale netted the estate $1,329. Huffman probably served as a local banker as many individuals owed him a total of $979.82 in notes with interest due.
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The headquarters for the grocery side of the business was at the Malvern store, under the direction of Jack Crittenden, and included a warehouse behind the store. The liquor side of operations was supervised at the Toorak store by Doug Crittenden who had joined the business in 1946."Rare old vintage", The Australian, 1 October 2010 The two other directors of the firm were Max Parsons (1920-2006) and accountant George Davies. The company came to do a considerable amount of bottling, buying hogsheads of wine direct from wineries in Victoria and South Australia, and retailing it under its own label.
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The name Mother Ivey's Bay first appeared in 1870 and is named after a local wisewoman and white witch.Weatherhill C. (2007) Cornish Place Names and Language. Ammanford: Sigma Press"Cameron holiday destination cursed by white witch", The Guardian, 23 July 2008 An auction for the ″Mother Ive Pilchard Fishery″ was held, on 30 September 1879, at the Western Hotel, St Ives. The sale was described as a going concern and included a nearly new, stone-built, slate-covered fish cellar with nineteen sleeping-berths, two seynes, two seine-boats, about thirty oars, horses, forty pilchard hogsheads, 170 tons of French salt, etc.
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As indicated by its common name, the cigarette beetle is a pest of tobacco, both in the refined cigarette packet presentation and also as stored in hogsheads and bales, but is also a minor pest of oilcake, oilseeds, cereals, dried fruit, sage, flour, and some animal products. The female beetle lays around 100 eggs loosely on the substrate to be fed upon. The larvae are active and will move around on and bore into the product, feeding as they go. The complete life cycle takes 26 days at 37 °C and 120 days at 20 °C.
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Bute persevered, commercial success followed and 40 hogsheads of wine, including a red varietal using Gamay grapes, were produced annually by 1894 to positive reviews. Burges died in 1881 after catching a severe chill during a site visit to the castle. His brother-in-law, the architect Richard Pullan, took over the commission and delegated most of the work to Frame, who directed the work on the interior until its completion in 1891. Bute and his wife Gwendolen were consulted over the details of the interior decoration; replica family portraits based on those at Cardiff were commissioned to hang on the walls.
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Records indicate that the members performed "obscene parodies of religious rites" according to one source.The Thames Path: National Trail from London to the river's source According to Horace Walpole, the members' "practice was rigorously pagan: Bacchus and Venus were the deities to whom they almost publicly sacrificed; and the nymphs and the hogsheads that were laid in against the festivals of this new church, sufficiently informed the neighborhood of the complexion of those hermits." Dashwood's garden at West Wycombe contained numerous statues and shrines to different gods; Daphne and Flora, Priapus and the previously mentioned Venus and Dionysus.
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Sabbath inspection of taverns In 1631, Coles was fined five marks (about £3 then and US$600 in 2019) for drunkenness aboard the Friendship and at Winnissimet, now Chelsea. The Friendship was carrying two hogsheads (more than 120 gallons) of flavored mead called metheglin. Coles's fellow carousers—who were not pious Puritans—included Edward Gibbons, a former polytheist "who chose rather to Dance about a May pole...than to hear a good Sermon" and Samuel Maverick, a wealthy Anglican "very ready to entertain strangers." In 1632, Coles was again fined for drunkenness, this time in Charlestown.
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Newport returned home to a hero's welcome by early September and counted the large spoils of which was a profitable expedition. The biggest and most profitable was the 300-ton Buen Jesus which sailed into Plymouth in September - the prize had been from Seville, and was typical of Spanish trade at the time. On board: 200 boxes of sugar, at least 5,000 hides, 2,000 hundredweight of ginger, 400 hundredweight of guacayan wood, twelve hogsheads of Chile pepper, twenty hundredweight of sarsaparilla, twenty hundredweight of cane, and over 4,000 ducats in pearls, gold, and silver. The English expedition and the defeat of the convoys proved frustrating to the Spanish.
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The inspection law passed in 1730 was frequently amended > during the colonial period, but there were no changes in its essential > features. The act provided that no tobacco was to be shipped except in > hogsheads, cases, or casks, without having first passed an inspection at one > of the legally established inspection warehouses; thus the shipment of bulk > tobacco was prohibited. Two inspectors were employed at each warehouse, and > a third was summoned in case of a dispute between the two regular > inspectors. These officials were bonded and were forbidden under heavy > penalties to pass bad tobacco, engage in the tobacco trade, or to take > rewards.
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Outram also built railways for the Ashby- de-la-Zouch Canal such as the Ticknall Tramway and was asked to advise on railways for the Monmouthshire & Brecon Canal. He predicted within a few years of their introduction that railways would become the principal mode of transport. In 1799 he wrote, while building the Ashby-de-la-Zouch Canal railway at four foot two inch gauge, "it appears that many hogsheads and packages require carriages . . . wider than those at Derby and Crich" and "it seems desirable that all extensive railways should be of the same width and that width should be sufficient to suit all the purposes of trade".
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In 1863 Johnson brought a suit against a Union general. The suit claimed that in 1862 the occupying Union Army, under the command of General Neal S. Dow of the 13th Maine Regiment, 'took from Johnson's plantation twenty-five hogsheads of sugar, plundered the dwelling- house hereon and took one silver pitcher, one-half dozen silver knives, one- half dozen silver spoons, one fish knife, one-half dozen silver teaspoons and other articles.' Johnson presented himself as a loyal citizen of the Union, residing in New York, who had simply been robbed by the Union Army. He was awarded $1750 in damages by the court.
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The landing was a designated "port of entry" and was the terminus of several "rolling roads" on which horse or oxen- drawn hogsheads (huge barrels) packed with tobacco were wheeled down to the Landing/port to be loaded on ships sailing for London and Europe. Gradually the site silted-up from soil erosion and poor farming cultivation on the upper Patapsco, and the maritime economy of the Landing faded. In the 19th century, it became an important stop on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the main north-south East Coast highway for wagons and carriages. Still, later it was on Washington Boulevard (designated U.S. Route 1) by 1926.
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They did this work very successfully for the next six years, until the American war of independence ended in 1783. In the 1810 book, 'History of Virginia' by Edmund Randolph, it is claimed that John Goodrich and his three sons, captured so many Virginian ships that scarcely the whole British navy could match them. As Americans, the Goodrich's were also referred to as arch-traitors to the cause of an independent America.The Prince of Privateers by Nick Hartley, Page 263 In March 1778, the armed sloop Hammond, commanded by Captain Bridger Goodrich captured the sloop 'Esther', containing 65 Hogsheads of tobacco, from South Quay in Virginia.
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Franconia Road once served as a rolling road to bring tobacco hogsheads to the port at Alexandria. The surrounding community derives its name from the "Frankhonia Farm", which sat on a portion of a tract of 191 acres purchased from Joseph Broders of Oak Grove Farm in 1859 by William Fowle, a merchant from Alexandria. Fowle's son, Robert Rollilns Fowle, sold 18 acres of the property to the Alexandria & Fredericksburg Railway Company in 1871 for the erection of a railway station, which took its name of the farm. The station was the site of the Garfield Post Office from 1881 until 1890, and again from 1898 until 1907.
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During the first half of the 18th century the slave trade was booming in Newport, and from 1708 to 1755 the population of black slaves in the colony burgeoned from 220 to nearly 4700. In 1758 Wanton declared that he had sailed the Snow King of Prussia with a cargo of 124 hogsheads of rum and 54 slaves. While at anchor along the African coast, he and his cargo were captured by a French cruiser. In 1765 Wanton became one of the founders of the new college in Rhode Island, called the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, and later named Brown University.
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The ship was judged as a derelict found at sea, and of its cargo twenty hogsheads of sugar were awarded to Knight and sixty to Eden; Teach and his crew were given what remained in the vessel's hold. Ocracoke Inlet was Teach's favourite anchorage. It was a perfect vantage point from which to view ships travelling between the various settlements of northeast Carolina, and it was from there that Teach first spotted the approaching ship of Charles Vane, another English pirate. Several months earlier Vane had rejected the pardon brought by Woodes Rogers and escaped the men-of-war the English captain brought with him to Nassau.
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Huckleberry "Huck" Finn is the son of the town's vagrant drunkard, "Pap" Finn. Sleeping on doorsteps when the weather is fair, in empty hogsheads during storms, and living off of what he receives from others, Huck lives the life of a destitute vagabond. The author metaphorically names him "the juvenile pariah of the village" and describes Huck as "idle, and lawless, and vulgar, and bad", qualities for which he was admired by all the other children in the village, although their mothers "cordially hated and dreaded" him. Huck is an archetypal innocent, able to discover the "right" thing to do despite the prevailing theology and prejudiced mentality of the South of that era.
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The advertisement further stated that she "carries letters of marque, with liberties to chace, capture, and man prizes". On 14 January 1806 Lloyd's List reported that Irlam, Keyser, master, and bound for Barbados, had to put back into Liverpool after having sustained damage in a gale. Several other vessels also had to put back, and one or two were lost.Lloyd's List №4288. Irlam and , also owned by Barton & Co., left Barbados on 12 March 1808 and were reported on 22 April to have arrived at Liverpool.Lloyd's List №4246. Lloyd's List reported on 21 March 1809 that Irlam had arrived at Liverpool. On her way home she had captured a French brig with 300 hogsheads of sugar.
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In his report, Ross remarked that his crew were > most of them young and inexperienced Boys and Lads, but it is with real > Satisfaction that I assure you, that all of them displayed the greatest > Cheerfulness and Firmness during the Action, and that their Conduct would do > much honour to the most experienced Seamen. Then on 29 April near Saint Ann's Bay, Jamaica, Recovery encountered the French privateer schooner Incrédule, which she captured after a chase of two hours. Incrédule was armed with two 6-pounder guns and four swivel guns, and had a crew of 33 men. She had captured a Danish vessel and a shallop with 20 hogsheads of sugar; a merchant vessel had retaken the shallop.
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Ranging from small water and liquor kegs to 206-gallon hogsheads, their barrels stored goods including tobacco, whale oil, whiskey, molasses, flour, apples, sugar, and hardware. Household appliances such as water tubs, sap buckets, butter churns, milk pails, and drinking or ladling mugs called piggins, reflected the extensive reach of a cooper's trade. The United States 1850 census recorded 43,000 practicing coopers, but by the late nineteenth century, the introduction of metal drums and other machine-made storage and shipping containers greatly diminished the demand for wooden cooperage, so that today the craft is almost nonexistent. The inaccessibility of processed metals in early American meant that people incorporated wood into all aspects of construction, including plumbing.
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Butts of sherry, pipes of Port, hogsheads of claret and burgundy were shipped via London, Bristol or Liverpool and on by rail to Tanners for resting and bottling. Rum arrived in puncheons via Liverpool from Jamaica and Guyana and Irish whiskey was more popular than scotch. Until the 1960s respectable wine merchants had no bottles on show, everything being ordered from wine lists. When Richard Tanner opened Shropshire’s first self-select off licence in 1968 it was called ‘The Wine Centre’ to disassociate it from Tanners. Tanners stopped bottling wines and beers on its own premises in 1976, ending an era of having bottled great wines such as Château Palmer 1961 and Taylor’s Vintage Port 1963 amongst many others.
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In 1794 Albion was surveyed by Archibald Edgar, who recorded that it was of 1,492 acres with 294 in cane. It was producing 300 hogsheads of sugar and 182 puncheons of rum. At the time of emancipation in 1833 this had risen to 400 of sugar and 240 of rum following the enlargement of the plantation through the addition of Spring Garden plantation in the north and Cow Bay Pen in the south. When it was surveyed again by Edward McGeachy in 1842, it covered 4,074 acres but production had fallen to 182 of sugar and 106 of rum. In 1820-21, James Hakewill prepared a view of Albion for Robert Hibbert senior that was not included in his portfolio of pictures published in 1825.
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Before they fled the Americans had spiked the guns; the British landing party of seamen and marines completed the destruction, especially of the gun carriages. The loss of the forts and batteries left the town of Alexandria undefended. Between 31 August and 6 September Erebus and the squadron continued on the Potomac River. They took Alexandria and also captured 21 merchant vessels. While there the British looted stores and warehouses of 16,000 barrels of flour, 1,000 hogsheads of tobacco, 150 bales of cotton and some $5,000 worth of wine, sugar and other items. The Americans had placed two field guns in a battery situated high on a bluff at White House Plantation (modern day Fort Belvoir), and had fired on as she sailed to reach Gordon.
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At the behest of the East India Company, Allsopp's brewery developed a strongly-hopped pale ale in the style of Hodgson's for export to India. Other Burton brewers, including Bass and Salt quickly followed Allsopp's lead. Perhaps as a result of the advantages of Burton water in brewing, Burton India pale ale was preferred by merchants and their customers in India, but Hodgson's October beer clearly influenced the Burton brewers' India pale ales. London East End brewer Charrington's trial shipments of hogsheads of "India Ale" to Madras and Calcutta in 1827 proved successful and a regular trade emerged with the key British agents and retailers: Griffiths & Co in Madras; Adam, Skinner and Co. in Bombay and Bruce, Allen & Co. in Calcutta.
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The Harpring Warehouse is a steel- frame metal-clad on a poured concrete floor rectangular storage warehouse, with space for over 20,000 hogsheads of tobacco and the current condition of the site has not changed much since the original building was completed, though the two water towers once located on either end of the warehouse are gone. The gable roof, originally clad in a wood sheathing and built-up tar, peaks at 25 feet at the ridgeline, and 18 feet high along the sides. The ceiling inside the warehouse is tongue and groove wood boards. The facade of the warehouse faces east, and the current owner commissioned a local artist to paint a mural on the metal siding on that end.
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DNA analysis of the old bones after a comprehensive search of Basque whaling ports from the 16th to the 17th century, in the Strait of Belle Isle and Gulf of St. Lawrence found that the right whale was by then less than 1% of the whales taken. During the peak of Terranova whaling (1560s–1580s) the Spanish Basques used well-armed galleons of up to 600–700 tons, while the French Basques usually fitted out smaller vessels. A 450-ton Basque ship carrying 100 or more men required about 300 hogsheads of cider and wine and 300–400 quintals of ship's biscuit, as well as other dry provisions. In Labrador the men subsisted mainly on locally caught cod and salmon, as well as the occasional caribou or wild duck.
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Bolton was still Christophers owner in 1786 in the Liverpool Registry. Captain James Smith received a letter of marque for her on 19 September 1793."Register of Letters of Marque against France 1793-1815"; p.56 Under his command she captured three French vessels with produce from the West Indies, and a privateer from Martinique of 12 guns and 44 men. Smith brought into St Vincent a vessel from Guadeloupe that was carrying 150 hogsheads of sugar.Lloyd's List №2595. (Whether his was one of the three French vessels already alluded to or not is impossible to say.) Captain John Tomkinson replaced Smith on 23 October 1794, and Captain Henry Bond replaced Tomkinson on 20 July 1795 at Grenada. Robert Ramsey took command on 6 October 1797. He received a letter of marque on 10 October.
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London: Nancy Cunard at Wishart & Co. worked as a manager at Peter's Hall early in his career, co-writing a book, The Overseer's Manual; or, a Guide to the Canefield and the Sugar Factory, that was published in 1882 and explained the extensive irrigation required to grow sugar. In 1883, The Argosy reported in their survey of British Guiana's sugar estates that Peter's Hall had been enlarged with the addition of the Eccles and Henry plantations and half each of the Profit and Sage Pond plantations making it a "very valuable amalgamation". The paper reported that it had had at least $50,000 spent on improvements and was made up of 937 acres of cane, 166 of plantains, and 260 acres uncultivated, producing a crop of 1,100 hogsheads (990 tons).Rodney, pp. 48–49.
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There was the canal, the turnpike, the foundry and mills, as well as a tobacco grading and prizing station that handled up to 500 hogsheads of tobacco a year - a huge amount. Boat captains settled in the town, a bank was set up - one of the most solvent and successful in the state of Virginia at the time. There was also a James River Insurance Company that insured packet boats, homes, barns, and slaves - and there is extant a list of all the rates to insure slaves of different ages from a range of various disabilities. Monticola, owned by Daniel Hartsook, cashier of the bank, owner of the insurance company, and chief investor in the turnpike company, was built at this time, and West Cote, the other stately home of the community, was also built then, replacing an earlier dwelling on the site.
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At the end of 1602 the Spanish force was dispatched from the Philippines, taking with them the ship Santa Potenciana and three large frigates, with 150 well-armed Spanish soldiers, 10,000 fanégas of rice, 1,500 earthen jars of palm wine, 200 head of salt beef, 20 hogsheads of sardines, conserves and medicines, 50 quintals of powder, cannonballs and bullets, and cordage and other supplies, the whole in charge of Captain Joan Xuarez Gallinato, with orders to take that help to Terrenate and to place himself under the command of the Portuguese general. He made his voyage there in a fortnight, and anchored in the port of Talangame, in the island of Terrenate, two leguas from the fort. There he found Andrea Furtado de Mendoça with his galleons at anchor, awaiting him. The combined force besieged the fort at Terrenate.
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Mungo's brother Alexander Mackay provided 39 hogsheads of water. Mungo and Ruth's daughter Ruth had married Samuel Wells Hunt in 1786, and he was the collector of the excise fees at the Port of Boston when the ship sailed. It was family business at work. Mungo and Alexander participated in the outfitting of the new American Navy that was ready for duty in response to the Quasi-War with France. On September 3, 1798, Mungo received $627.08 for 1050 pounds of gunpowder that he sold to Henry Jackson, Naval Agent for the United States, for outfitting the USS Constitution.USS Constitution Museum, Receipts, Oversized A/Case {{2/11 In February 1799 Alexander sold a night glass telescope to Captain C.C. Russell for use on the corvette . In April 1789 George Washington was inaugurated as the country's first president. Afterwards Washington made a tour of the 13 states and came to Boston.
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However, Goodrich's men, boarded the Liberty with their cutlasses in their teeth and captured her.The Caledonian Mercury dated 26 December 1778, Page 2 In December 1778, he captured a French Brig, carrying coffee and indigo, said to be worth £12,000.The Northampton Mercury dated 21 December 1778, Page 1 In December 1779, he captured a sloop laden with tobacco and carried it in to New York.The Leeds Intelligencer dated 7 December 1779, Page 3 In December 1780, he captured a Spanish ship, carrying 38,000 dollars, 40,000lbs of Spanish Indigo, 50 hogsheads of sugar, some tobacco and many other valuable items.The Oxford Journal dated 3 February 1781, Page 1 In 1783, with the war of Independence over, he sailed to Britain and settled in Bristol, with the rest of his family. However, in 1794, William Goodrich decided to retire to the Isle of Wight and bought the Spring Hill estate.
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Although there were certainly English armourers at work before 1511, indeed they had their own guild in London, it seems that they were both unable to cope with large volume orders, and not able to produce work of the finest quality, and in the latest styles, found in Europe. A payment to Milanese armourers at Greenwich, of £6 2/3 and two hogsheads of wine was made in July 1511; they were under contract for two years from March 1511, and other payments record the setting-up of a mill and the purchase of tools. Greenwich Palace was still an important royal residence, the birthplace of both Henry and his two daughters. By 1515 there were six German master armourers, with (perhaps working separately from) two apparently Flemish masters, two polishers and an apprentice, all working under the English King's Armourer, John Blewbury, and a "Clerk of the Stable".
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The late 17th Century saw smuggling take place on a large scale after the Privilege of Neutrality the islands had enjoyed for over 200 years was abolished by the British government who in August 1689 prohibited the importation of any goods from France. Sometimes with goods transhipped through small and secluded islets such as the Chausey Islands where a French and Jersey boat could meet to exchange goods that each had, with those they wanted. It was recorded that the main smuggled goods in the 1690s through the Écréhous was lead and gunpowder destined for Saint-Malo. Smuggling tobacco to France was very profitable, £1m of tobacco was imported to Guernsey each year in the 1750s from England, somewhat more than the Islanders needed. In 1802 it was estimated at 5,000 hogsheads, each barrel weighing 1,200 lbs. It was not the only goods bought from England for “resale”, possibly smuggling back into England.
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He soon found work with John Reynell at Reynella Farm, and learned much of winemaking from the German fellow-workers. After two years he left for the goldfields of Victoria, where he was quite successful working with a butcher and droving cattle to the diggings from Yankalilla. He then started work on a station near Normanville. In 1853 he purchased a property of on the River Torrens which he called "Bankside", now Underdale, near the present Hardys Road. In 1854 he planted of fruit trees, mainly oranges, and of Shiraz vines which he enlarged in 1856, then added an acre of Muscatel table grapes in 1861. He made his first wine in 1857 and exported two hogsheads to England in 1859, one of the first exports of wine from South Australia. By 1863 his vineyards covered of Grenache, Mataro, Muscat, Roussillon, Shiraz and Zante grapes. He also purchased grapes from other vignerons in the Adelaide area. By 1879 his vintage had reached 27,000 gallons (100,000 litres).
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When they came cautiously back, their home was quiet as a fortress the day after it has been blown up. The front-parlor was full of paving-stones; the carpets were cut to pieces; the pictures, the furniture, and the chandelier lay in one common wreck; and the walls were covered with inscriptions of mingled insult and glory. Over the mantel-piece had been charcoaled ‘Rascal’; over the pier-table, ‘Abolitionist.’”Ludlow, F.H. “If Massa Put Guns Into Our Han’s” The Atlantic Monthly April 1865, p. 505, col. 1 His father was also a “ticket-agent on the Underground Railroad,” as Ludlow discovered when he was four — although, misunderstanding the term in his youth, Ludlow remembered “going down cellar and watching behind old hogsheads by the hour to see where the cars came in.” The moral lessons learned at home were principles hard to maintain among his peers, especially when expressed with his father's exuberance. > Among the large crowd of young Southerners sent to [my] school, I began > preaching emancipation in my pinafore.
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Several rolling roads were established in Maryland in the early 18th century for the transportation of tobacco in casks, or hogsheads, from plantations to river ports. These casks were pulled along the road by slaves and later oxen before this method of freight transportation was made obsolete by the introduction of sturdy wagons. The rolling road in western Baltimore County connecting Rockdale with Elkridge, which was likely built in 1714 by William Summers, is the only such road in Maryland whose name survived to modern times. South Rolling Road was improved as a macadam road from Washington Boulevard (later US 1) to Frederick Road (later US 40 and now MD 144) by 1921. In St. Denis, the highway that was to become MD 166 followed modern Arlington Avenue and East Street south across a grade crossing of the B&O; Railroad to its southern terminus at Washington Boulevard. MD 166 was moved to modern South Rolling Road when the highway's bridge over the railroad was built in 1931. By 1933, North Rolling Road was upgraded to an improved county highway. North Rolling Road would be expanded to a divided highway in Woodlawn around 1981.
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Due to the expense of importation, FES was a premium product, retailing for double the price of domestic stouts. Total production had reached 105,000 hogsheads by 1912. The American trade was disrupted by the onset of World War I and then discontinued entirely with the introduction of Prohibition. The product was not popular when it returned in the 1930s, as drinkers now preferred the lighter and cheaper Guinness Extra Stout. Following discontinuation of export during World War II, FES did not return to the United States until 1956, but this was to prove unsuccessful, and the beer was withdrawn shortly afterwards. Guinness export sales were mostly to ethnic Anglo Saxons and Celts prior to 1920. This changed from the 1920s onwards, and among the first natives to develop a taste for the drink were the ethnic Chinese of the Malay Peninsula. A global Guinness salesman was appointed by the company in 1924, and sales began to be pursued among native populations. In 1939, shortly after the outbreak of World War II, the British War Office purchased 500,000 half-pint bottles of FES for distribution to hospitals. In 1951, exports totalled 90,000 barrels, but by 1964 had grown to 300,000 barrels.
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