Guillemets (, also , , ) are a pair of punctuation marks in the form of sideways double chevrons, and , used as quotation marks in a number of languages. In some of these languages "single" Guillemets, and , are used for a quotation inside another quotation. Guillemets are not conventionally used in the English language.
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Guillemets are used in Unified Modeling Language to indicate a stereotype of a standard element.
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Guillemets sometimes called French quotation marks, are relatively uncommon in English, but are sometimes used as a form of quotation mark.
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The bold is the literal code. The non-bold is interpreted by the reader. Statements in guillemets (« … ») are optional. indicates a necessary indent (with whitespace).
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In the North, guillemets and are the symbols used for quotes; in the South, quotation marks equivalent to the English ones, and , are standard, although and are also used.
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In the North, guillemets and are the symbols used for quotes; in the South, quotation marks are equivalent to the English ones. and , are standard, although , , , and are commonly used.
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By using stereotyped nodes you can make these things appear as primitive building blocks. Graphically, a stereotype is rendered as a name enclosed by guillemets (« » or, if guillemets proper are unavailable, << >>) and placed above the name of another element. In addition or alternatively it may be indicated by a specific icon. The icon image may even replace the entire UML symbol. For instance, in a class diagram stereotypes can be used to classify method behavior such as «constructor» and «getter». Despite its appearance, «interface» is not a stereotype but a classifier.
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String functions common to many languages are listed below, including the different names used. The below list of common functions aims to help programmers find the equivalent function in a language. Note, string concatenation and regular expressions are handled in separate pages. Statements in guillemets (« … ») are optional.
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Microsoft Word uses guillemets when creating mail merges. Microsoft use these punctuation marks to denote a mail merge "field", such as , or . Then on the final printout, the guillemet-marked tags are replaced by each instance of the corresponding data item intended for that field by the user.
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Guillemets may also be called angle, Latin, or French quotes / quotation marks. Guillemet is a diminutive of the French name ' (equivalent to English William), apparently after the French printer and punchcutter Guillaume Le Bé (1525–1598), though he did not invent the symbols: they first appear in a 1527 book printed by Josse Bade.Trésor de la langue française informatisé – guillemet Some languages derive their word for guillemets analogously: the Irish term is ', from ' 'William' and a diminutive suffix. In Adobe Systems font software, its file format specifications, and in all fonts derived from these that contain the characters, the glyph names are incorrectly spelled and (a malapropism: guillemot is actually a species of seabird).
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In 1971, the Figaro Littéraire closed and Pivot joined Le Figaro. He left, however, in 1974 after a disagreement with Jean d'Ormesson. Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber invited him to start a new project which led to the creation of a new magazine, Lire, a year later. Meanwhile, in April 1973 he had begun hosting a television program called Ouvrez les Guillemets on France's first TV network.
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The use of Esperanto quotation marks was never stated in Zamenhof's work; it was assumed that a printer would use whatever he had available (usually the national standard of the printer's country). — Dashes, « guillemets » (often »reversed«), “double apostrophes” (also often „reversed“), and more are all found. Since the age of word processing, however, the standard English quotation marks have become most widespread. Quotations may be introduced with either a comma or a colon.
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Code page 855 (CCSID 855) (also known as CP 855, IBM 00855, OEM 855, MS-DOS Cyrillic) is a code page used under DOS to write Cyrillic script. Code page 872 (CCSID 872) is the euro currency update of code page/CCSID 855. Byte CF replaces ¤ with € in that code page. It supports the repertoires of ISO-8859-5 and ISO-IR-111 (in a different arrangement), in addition to preserving the semigraphic and box-drawing characters and guillemets from code page 850.
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Once this was done, Pino recruited seven other men, including Pino's brother-in-law Vincent Costa, Michael Vincent "Vinnie" Geagan, Thomas "Sandy" Francis Richardson, Adolf H. "Jazz" Maffie, Henry Baker, James "Guillemets" Faherty, and Joseph Banfield. The gang decided to wait for the optimal time for their heist. Pino studied schedules and was able to determine what the staff was doing based on when the lights in the building windows were on. O'Keefe and Gusciora stole the plans for the site alarms.
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He never tires of the attentions of the aristocratic Virgule de Guillemets, who brings sophistication to his life. Achille Talon can be courageous and magnanimous, a protector of animals and ever vigilant guardian of proper etiquette, so much so that he fights with an author of an etiquette book — over which of them has the honour of giving the right of way. He is a patron of the arts (as long as he is the one portrayed) and briefly a wise, though ostensibly tyrannical, head of state.
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On the choice of typeface, for example, Trump Mediaeval is used for common text, ITC Franklin Gothic for titling, Zapf Dingbats for guillemets, italic for captions with an initial and the last line is underlined, et cetera. The French editions are printed by Kapp Lahure Jombart in Évreux, while the Italian printer Gianni Stavro, who has largely contributed to the elaboration of new techniques used in the collection, retains his position as collaborator for international reissues and coeditions. The bindings are solid, sewn and not glued. Gallimard promised readers "the most beautiful pocket collection in the world" ().
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The setting is a conservatory at 70 Rue d'Amsterdam in Paris, then owned by painter Georg von Rosen and which Manet used as a studio for nine months in 1878 and 1879. Such a conservatory may have been more than a greenhouse; French painter Alix-Louise Enault's Consolation depicted the Parisian conservatory as a "luxuriously decorated and intimate locale—a secluded indoor area conducive to private rendezvous". At first glance, we see a double portrait of a fashionable and attractive couple of some social rank. They are Manet's friends, the Guillemets, who owned a clothing shop.
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French keyboard layout Some French people use the Canadian Multilingual standard keyboard. The Portuguese (Portugal) keyboard layout may also be preferred, as it provides all the French diacritics (acute, grave, diaeresis, circumflex, cedilla, including on capital letters that are not all possible with an industrial French layouts, and also the French quotation marks or guillemets, «»). Furthermore, its dead- letter option for all the diacritical keys allows for easy input of all the possibilities in French and many other languages (áàäãâéèëêíìïîñóòöõôúùüû). 'ç' is, however, a separate key (but only as a lowercase letter in the basic French standard layout).
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Diple periestigmene (dotted diple) according to the variants in the Proposal for the Universal Character Set by Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, 2003 Diple (, meaning double, referring to the two lines in the mark >) was a mark used in the margins of ancient Greek manuscripts to draw attention to something in the text. It is sometimes also called antilambda because the sign resembles a Greek capital letter lambda (Λ) turned upon its side. In some ways its usage was similar to modern day quotation marks; guillemets (« »), used for quotations in French, are derived from it. Isidore remarks in his Etymologiae (I.
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The layout keeps the same placement for the 26 Latin letters and 10 digits, but moves others (such as some accented letters and punctuation signs), while it adds a range of other symbols (accessible with Shift, AltGr). There is easy access to guillemets « » (French quotes), accented capital letters: À, É, Ç, as well as Œ/œ, Æ/æ, which was not possible before on basic AZERTY (Windows' AZERTY), previously alt codes were required. It allows typing words in a lot of languages using dead keys, which are in blue on the picture, to access a variety of diacritics. A few mathematics symbols have also been added.
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These served to show whether an ambiguous series of letters should be read as (respectively) a single word or as a pair of words. Later Aristarchus of Samothrace modified this system (see: Aristarchian symbols). Following the advent of printing, most Greek punctuation was gradually standardized with French: the was fully unified with the comma, the comma serves as the decimal point (and in this use is called the ) and it also functions as a silent letter in a handful of Greek words, principally distinguishing (, "whatever") from (, "that"). The full stop serves as the thousands separator, and guillemets ( isagoyika) and em-length quotation dashes ( pavla) typically serve to indicate direct speech.
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Single and double pairs of comparison operators (meaning much smaller than and much greater than, although the single symbols and should be used for that purpose) are sometimes used as a fallback instead of guillemets , (used as quotation marks in many languages) when the proper characters are not available on the keyboard nor in the input editor. Similarly, early Internet messaging conventions developed to use the greater-than sign , available in the ASCII character set, to mark quoted lines. This format, known as Usenet quoting, is used by email clients when operating in plain text mode. In comic books, chevrons are often used to mark dialogue that has been translated notionally from another language; in other words, if a character is speaking another language, instead of writing in the other language and providing a translation, one writes the translated text within chevrons.
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The film was rebroadcast in 2001, minus 12 minutes deleted to reflect more recent historical research."Avec ou sans guillemets" , L'Humanité, 18 February 2004 La traque de l'Affiche rouge, a documentary produced by Denis Peschanski and Jorge Amat, broadcast by France 2 on 15 March 2007, refuted Courtois and Boucault's allegations.Denis Peschanski – Jorge Amat, La traque de l’Affiche rouge, 72 minutes, compagnie des Phares et Balises en collaboration avec la Fondation Gabriel Péri et L’Humanité, 2006. Resume of the film "Les héros de l’Affiche rouge" , L'Humanité, 13 February 2007 Quoting the historian Denis Peschanski, who had access to new documents from the Russian, French and German archives, the new documentary alleged that the fall of the Manouchian Group had been due exclusively to the French police. The two newly created branches of the Renseignements généraux (RG) intelligence agency—the Brigades spéciales 1 and 2—had trailed the Résistance fighters for months.
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