The three-month course covered a lot of ground: mine detection, booby trap disarming, tunnel searching and demolitions.
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After the success of the first Webb City sheet ground mine ("Yellow Dog") in the 1890s, business boomed. The 100-room Newland Hotel was built and co-educational Webb City College was established. The Webb City Mining District was prominently represented at the Chicago Columbia Exposition in 1893 and at the 1898 Omaha International Exhibit. Webb City received for its mineral display the only silver medal awarded.
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Maltermeisterturm The Master Malter's Tower (Maltermeisterturm) is the oldest surviving above-ground mine building on the Rammelsberg and, probably, in Germany as well. It was built around 1500 on a slagheap on the side of the Rammelsberg. Initially the tower was used to oversee the pits; from 1578 it was used as a bell tower (Anläuteturm). Since the mid-18th century the master malter (Maltermeister) lived in the tower.
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At the beginning of the Second World War, the depositing of a magnetic ground mine in the mud at the mouth of the Thames by the Luftwaffe was observed at Shoeburyness. Various sinkings of ships near the English coast in the preceding months were thought by many to be due to U-boat torpedoes, though the Admiralty suspected magnetic mines were being used.Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 1, The Gathering Storm (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), p. 505.
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Steam capstan engine for cable changing Hunslet Austerity 0-6-0ST No. 2758, acts as a gate guard to the museum The complete above ground mine workings remain intact on site, with the steam winding engine from No.2 shaft now electrically driven. Manufactured in 1927, the Worsley Mesne steam winding engine sits in the boiler house with its suite of six Lancashire steam boilers.European Route of Industrial Heritage The engine has two cylinders with a bore of , while the drum is wide. The drum held two ropes each over long, with a breaking strain of 234 tons.
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The Hohenzollern Redoubt near Loos-en-Gohelle in the Nord-Pas-de- Calais region of France was the site of intense and sustained fighting between German and Allied forces. After an earlier British attack in October 1915, extensive tunnelling had been conducted by the Germans during the winter of 1915–1916; due to the nature of the clay covering and chalk below ground, mine explosions threw up high lips around mine craters, which became good observation points. It had been calculated that the German mining effort was six weeks more advanced than the British effort. 170th Tunnelling Company began work for a mining attack on the Hohenzollern Redoubt on 14 December 1915.
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The larger vessels, designated U.S. Army Mine Planter (USAMP), were supported by a variety of smaller craft comprising a submarine mine flotilla to plant and maintain the mine fields associated with Army coast defense commands and their subordinate coastal fortifications of the United States. The smaller vessels included slightly smaller Junior Mine Planters, Distribution Box Boats, mine yawls and assorted other small craft. The mine fields were composed of both contact mines, similar to conventional naval mines exploded by contact with a vessel, and controlled mines such as the M4 Ground Mine with a 3,000 pound TNT charge. The contact mines were placed in areas vessels were not to enter, and the controlled mines were placed in designated ship channels.
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Smith, pp. 237–39, 247 Fury high and dry on the beach at Arromanches after she had been mined and driven ashore in a gale on 21 June At 10:38 on the morning of 21 June, Fury detonated a ground mine off Juno Beach during a gale and the navy decided to tow her into the British Mulberry harbour at Arromanches where her damage could be evaluated. While waiting for a tugboat, she took on a 6° list to starboard from flooding. The Dutch tug Thames began towing the ship at 13:25; at 21:14, Fury accidentally collided with the stern of a freighter anchored outside the Mulberry, damaging her port side above the waterline, and the towline snapped at 21:49 when she struck another ship several times.
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The above and below ground evidence of the village's early mining activity is both extensive and varied and the high scientific significance reflects its potential to provide information on early gold mining activity, if appropriately investigated. The character of the village is enhanced by the extent of the remaining above ground mine shaft structures - particularly the steel head frames of the Wentworth Main and Reform sites - which are rare survivors, both within the region and the state, and give the village a striking historic accessible immediacy because of their prominent location on the main road. The Wentworth gold field was private, and owned by W. C. Wentworth who controlled the number of mining ventures carried out on his land. The mining operations necessitated the establishment of a village that was to become known as Lucknow.
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Diagram of crater mine galleries and saps Diagram of mine warfare, tunnels, galleries and ventilation In the opening of the Battle of Loos (25 September – 14 October 1915), the unit blew two mines at the Hohenzollern Redoubt. 170th Tunnelling Company remained in this very active area for a considerable time, until 251st Tunnelling Company took over in October 1915. The Hohenzollern Redoubt near Loos-en-Gohelle in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France was the site of intense and sustained fighting between German and Allied forces. After an earlier British attack in October 1915, extensive tunnelling had been conducted by the Germans during the winter of 1915–1916; due to the nature of the clay covering and chalk below ground, mine explosions threw up high lips around mine craters, which became good observation points.
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View east from Dolcoath Mine, 1893 Camborne is best known as a centre for the former Cornish tin and copper mining industry, having its working heyday during the later 18th and early 19th centuries. Camborne was just a village until transformed by the mining boom which began in the late 18th century and saw the Camborne and Redruth district become the richest mining area in the world. Although a considerable number of ruinous stacks and engine houses remain, they cannot begin to convey the scenes of 150 years ago when scores of mines transfigured the landscape. Harriets Pumping Engine house, part of Dolcoath Mine, built in 1860 Dolcoath Mine, (English: Old Ground Mine), the 'Queen of Cornish Mines' was, at a depth of 3,500 feet (1,067 m), for many years the deepest mine in the world, not to mention one of the oldest before its closure in 1921.
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The Frank's embarked crew was, in Army terminology implemented November 1942, designated the 19th Coast Artillery Mine Planter Battery stationed at Fort Miles, Delaware. The 19th Coast Artillery Mine Planter Battery was activated 28 November 1942 at Fort Hancock, New York and was directed to Point Pleasant, West Virginia to man the USAMP Brigadier General Royal T. Frank (MP-12) which on 1 April 1943 was assigned to Fort Miles guarding the entrance to Delaware Bay. There the ship and battery joined the 12th Coast Artillery Mine Planter Battery embarked in USAMP 1st Lt. William G. Sylvester (MP-5) for the maintenance of the mine fields which during that year were being changed from the M3 Buoyant Mines to 455 mines of the much more powerful M4 Ground Mine type carrying a 3000-pound TNT charge planted in thirty-five groups of thirteen mines each. The ship's cable capability was to be used not only to maintain the mine control cables but the three hydrophone sets and the indicator loops acting as sensors in the approaches to the mine field.
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