Perhaps, then, Allison's model should be expanded to include not only "great powers", but also "not-so-great powers, with great powers behind them".
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It's interconnectedness in an imperial sense in terms of great powers, but also in terms of the overwhelming power of finance capital, which is of course kept afloat by the great powers.
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Such a war would not necessarily involve the great powers.
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Still, great powers do not give up something for nothing.
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Germany and Japan are arguably great powers but not superpowers.
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Great powers don't get the opportunity to make those mistakes.
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It&aposs one of the great powers that the president has.
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The result has been an extraordinary relationship between two great powers.
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"The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers" by Paul Kennedy
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Aiding the Rohingya offers little strategic benefit to the great powers.
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On whether great powers abide by the rule of law, it is the scholar Graham Allison who famously posited that legal institutions are only for "small powers" and that "great powers" do not necessarily recognize them.
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Proxy battleground Tawang has history as a proxy battleground between great powers.
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And while Russia and China are great powers, Iran really isn't one.
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There&aposs going to be a big clash of the great powers eventually.
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What is responsible for these devils' great powers remains to be found out.
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Playing great powers off against one another has long been a Hashemite trademark.
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On Thursday Djukanovic said Montenegro was involved in a struggle between great powers.
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Second, the Islamic Republic prides itself in being independent of all great powers.
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Great powers in particular, including the United States, often meddle in foreign elections.
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Putin worked with other great powers to secure the 2015 Iran nuclear deal.
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This is how great powers begin the process of passing into historical oblivion.
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The effect was to vault Japan into the ranks of the world's great powers.
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As it happened, the great powers came to that conclusion by themselves in 1990.
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Great powers commonly display a proprietary attitude toward waters that lap against their seacoasts.
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This isn't the first time that great powers have paid attention to the Arctic.
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When great powers compete, they clash over both material interests and competing value systems.
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Great powers, it turns out, have little choice but to endure these small humiliations.
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Britain had entered the war as the most prestigious of the world's great powers.
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Some smaller countries may welcome having two great powers competing for their favour again.
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Is it time for the U.S. to confront other great powers — or to retreat?
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And yet in 1914, the great powers "sleepwalked" into war, as one author put it.
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At the same time, the great powers had to deal with much unrest at home.
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Because great powers compete in a grey zone between peace and war, that risks miscalculation.
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Great powers need to take responsibility to put out fires and deal with reckless states.
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That is how we treat other great powers around the globe, like Russia and China.
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There are fewer wars today between states, he said, and no wars between great powers.
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Here are two great powers, roughly matched in resources, competing for technological and strategic supremacy.
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Only two great powers — Russia and China — stand as potential rivals to the United States.
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I know Article II, I know the great powers that the Constitution gives the president.
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Two of the Middle East's great powers, Saudi Arabia and Iran, are eyeing each other menacingly.
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It shows that the two great powers are neck and neck on the world economic stage.
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Even with great powers allied against her she finds a way to maneuver and change things.
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Meanwhile, there's some bemusement that great powers seem to be putting so much emphasis on Nepal.
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"LCS fits right in the middle of the modern warfight, great powers or not," Rear Adm.
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The Mediterranean is an expanse ringed by multiple great powers alongside not-so-great seafaring states.
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The ruins were a reminder that great powers, even democratic ones with remarkable cultures, can fall.
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More than many others, Kazakhstan bases on dialogue among the great powers and tolerant domestic policies.
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The Korean War was a proxy war enacted on the Korean Peninsula by neighboring great powers.
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It is also Russia's historical pattern of foreign policy with its neighbors and other great powers.
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The whole point of the genre is that some people have great powers — and some people don't.
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The economies of the world's great powers are intertwined, as they were not in the cold war.
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But unlike the great powers of old, China has no desire to build a far-flung empire.
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We'd be back to a Darwinian international order, with great powers like Russia and China enormously emboldened.
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In that sense, Taiwan is a key battleground for the rising rivalry between the two great powers.
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The great powers will never allow this little England to exercise a veto right against their wishes.
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Lebanon has long been buffeted by blows from the great-powers rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran.
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" Yet, "Many great powers throughout history have let fixations about national prestige thrust them into destructive wars.
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Mr. Trump was also more cautious about the imperial ambitions of two great powers, Russia and China.
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In a worst-case scenario, this could lead to a showdown in Hong Kong between great powers.
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He buys, if anything, into Vladimir Putin's macho authoritarianism and spheres of influence for the great powers.
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More importantly, all other countries are linked tightly to both great powers and would avoid choosing camps.
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Thereafter, support could be garnered from the great powers — the U.S., Russia, China and the European Union.
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The great powers have already carefully crafted treaties to limit a nuclear arms race in outer space.
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He glossed over what is supposedly America's top security priority: confronting great powers like China and Russia.
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The President-elect sees the world in some parody of the 19th century conception of the great powers.
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War between great powers need not be nuclear, and even nuclear exchanges need not escalate into world war.
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While every military has accidents, the Russian military appears to be more accident-prone than other great powers.
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Great powers are great when they work together — not when they attempt to belittle and blame the other.
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Today all great powers have either nuclear weapons or nuclear-armed allies, a deterrent to massive conventional escalation.
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As the second world war drew to a close, the three remaining Great Powers gathered together in Yalta, Crimea.
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Even after that experience, belief in the possibility that wars between great powers could be decisive and quick endured.
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Until now, the President was supposed to be a figurehead, unaffiliated with any political party and without great powers.
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They should be prepared to step in, and the great powers should make sure that Mr Nkurunziza knows it.
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"Whenever great powers have collapsed or decayed, a common cause has been the loss of central authority," he concluded.
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While the old Great Powers of physics argue about what to do next, though, they may find themselves outflanked.
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We did not lead simply by opposing great powers, but by setting the standard for scientific and technological advances.
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The Communist Party has expanded and mobilized a parallel disciplinary bureaucracy with great powers to step in and investigate.
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Amid renewed jostling between the world's great powers, it is the pace of military modernisation in China that stands out.
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That sounds like both a warning, and an opportunity to build and heal the tech divide between two great powers.
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American alliances create a web of peace around the world, preventing wars between great powers and promoting free global commerce.
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Nehru famously set a tone for India in the 1950s and 60s of being "non-aligned" with the great powers.
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In this case, one technology brought us into a dangerous situation with great powers highly motivated to use their weapons.
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There are two great powers and a couple of lesser powers that are attempting to knock over our apple cart.
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This is because the United States and its allies will be facing great powers — especially in the case of China.
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This time, we look at smaller countries who took on great powers as the underdog and came out on top.
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But these are uneasy times here, when many already fear what rising tensions between the two great powers may bring.
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These rash statements rippled through Rome, for leaders of great powers are often taken not just seriously but also literally.
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" "I'm not going to do anything in terms of the great powers bestowed upon a president of the United States.
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It stretches the imagination to think that somehow our ubiquitous presence makes Americans safer, deters "great powers," or contains terrorists.
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The North has long sought such a meeting as a way to portray itself as a peer of the great powers.
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An American military intervention could be cited as evidence that America shares Mr Putin's belief in great powers' spheres of influence.
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"It's independence day, it's a speech about South Korea's tragic history, of its fate being decided by great powers," he said.
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For now, it suits the great powers to court ASEAN, taking part in its forums and indulging its notions of centrality.
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What matters is what those supposed great powers believe and Russia has never stopped believing that it is a great power.
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No one should want to start a shooting war between great powers "in the shadow of nuclear weapons," Joffe told me.
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Legal status as a corporation endows businesses like the Trump Organization with great powers, and with those powers come specific responsibilities.
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The secretary general, indeed, has no troops; the United Nations can matter only if the great powers wish it to matter.
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But I'm not going to do anything in terms of the great powers bestowed upon a president of the United States.
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Submarines are less vulnerable, but highly visible ships bristling with weaponry are still badges of pride for aspiring great powers like China.
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When might is right, small countries are locked out or forced to accept poor terms while the great powers strut their stuff.
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Even though full-scale interstate warfare between great powers remains improbable, there is still scope for less severe forms of military competition.
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So, I just think what two great powers want to get something done, they will figure out a way to do it.
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The idea of total war between the Great Powers, whereby the victor would leave the vanquished penniless, had yet to take hold.
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They instead aim to bolster and extend U.S. conventional deterrence against great powers able to produce or acquire technologically advanced weapons systems.
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The Hemons hail from a part of Europe that has long been overwhelmed by the oceanic movements of empires and great powers.
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Quick take: For centuries, rising great powers have sought to thrive and exert influence by establishing a new global framework for trade.
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Meanwhile, tensions would rise as great powers like China, Russia, and the United States would likely be drawn further into the fray.
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It was one of his great powers, even if he was a ubiquitous sight in New York City, our Waldo in blue.
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The world's great powers are finally waking up to this fact, and the world's largest corporations have known it for some time.
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Peacekeeping missions run by the Department for Peacekeeping Operations can only occur when the world's great powers agree on what to do.
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Until now, the great powers have primarily used space for satellites to monitor foreign military deployments and to detect nuclear missile launches.
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But one major reason is that the world's great powers, including the United States, don't really want to see the map changed.
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He remains, though, an integral part of one of soccer's great powers, a winger of genuine menace, silken touch and searing speed.
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But across the Middle East, and among the great powers, there's little sign of the political will needed to turn swords into plowshares.
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Huawei is "like a small sesame seed, stuck in the middle of conflict between two great powers," Ren said, according to the transcript.
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The other great powers still mistrusted France at this time, and rejected the idea in favor of creating a bilingual Catholic country — Belgium.
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But Italy's keen sense of history and awareness to the shifts of great powers also may have had something to do with it.
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Kennedy&aposs book is an investigation of the life spans of the world&aposs great powers since 1500, the start of modern history.
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" Nonetheless, said Trump, "I'm not going to do anything in terms of the great powers bestowed upon a president of the United States.
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Yet despite the hair-trigger tensions of the Cold War, it produced decades of peace between the great powers while building shared prosperity.
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The US military is reassessing its operations as part of a shift toward competition with so-called great powers, like Russia and China.
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"Negotiating with other great powers about how we can together help the world progress to mutual benefit, all of that is fine," he said.
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Romania, a small country on the fringe of Europe, has a long history of being trampled, disrespected and ignored by the world's great powers.
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China would love to carve up the world bilaterally into spheres of influence, with the great powers dominating their regions and trading favours elsewhere.
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Indeed, Trump will learn an important lesson about the Middle East: Great powers meddle in the affairs of small tribes at their own risk.
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The America First policy, in that sense, isn't the opposite of a Great Powers competition policy, but creates the preconditions for such a world.
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International action tends to work only when it's perceived as a matter of global consensus, which in practice is determined by the great powers.
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As a result, serious pressure is often reserved for countries that have made enemies of all the great powers, as had Sudan and Libya.
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No great powers of imagination are required to grasp that the sequestration of the nation is going to stop customers from reaching post offices.
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We have developed, during our tormented history, a collective early warning system that detects danger when the "grand game" among great powers is afoot.
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The Declaration was closely coordinated by Britain with the other great powers, and indeed well represents the will of the international community at the time.
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With the groundwork Trump has laid, if he doesn't defeat these great powers this time around, surely another outsider candidate will in the next election.
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His most recent book is "Balance: The Economics of Great Powers from Ancient Rome to Modern America" (Simon and Schuster), co-authored with Glenn Hubbard.
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Today's Polish nationalists hark back to the country's commonwealth with Lithuania, which at its height, in the 17th century, was one of Europe's great powers.
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Paul Kennedy argued in his 1987 book The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America was entering a period of long-term relative decline.
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The stability of the world order in the 21st century will depend significantly on how the two great powers bridge these vast differences in approach.
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Perhaps Federer's decision to compete at Roland Garros for the first time in four years was actually an acknowledgement that his great powers are waning.
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"Historically, great powers haven't (even mostly) been able to sustain peace," says Matthew Burrows, a former senior U.S. intelligence officer now at the Atlantic Council.
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Great powers might not like to hear it, but they could stand to learn something from Kazakhstan as a new member of the Security Council.
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What is unique to Barcelona is that, more than any club, it set the standards by which all of soccer's great powers are now judged.
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In countries that have been great powers, ideas of lost national glory are emotional resources for the nationalists, populists and conspiracy theorists of the right.
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Esper said Stewart's expertise will be crucial as the Pentagon steps ups its preparations for the growing threats posed by great powers Russia and China.
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In just one battle, the great powers of Europe fought for more than a month outside this magnificently reconstructed medieval city, and suffered 280,000 casualties.
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Victoria takes Europe's great powers through an age of empire building, culminating in the chaotic Great War that sets the stage for Hearts of Iron.
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In his 19803 book, The Great Illusion, Norman Angell, argued that war between the great powers was futile because of the economic damage it would cause.
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Unlike many Latin American presidentialist systems, which tend to concentrate much more formal power in the executive, our presidentialist system allots great powers to the legislature.
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This also means North Korea and Iran will be able to join Russia and China in a club once limited to nations that were great powers.
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Despite the universalist rhetoric of the United Nations' framers, the great powers would only acknowledge the legitimacy of some peoples, foreclosing that same recognition for others.
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" Jeff Sommer of the NYT reckons they could "unravel a complex series of rules and agreements that have served to moderate the behavior of great powers.
|
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It is why from the beginning, the Council's membership included not just the great powers but a rotating group of countries elected on a regional basis.
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Also, get the great powers, or at least the United States, to compel, coerce or bribe the government you're trying to break from into going along.
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Modern Italy, he asserted, was forged in bitter conflict, with elites pitted against elites, church against state, north against south, and the great powers pulling strings.
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What we are witnessing instead is a new Great Game, a collision of great powers that are trying to roll back one another's spheres of influence.
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Think of him as the Iron Islands' Teddy Roosevelt, a swashbuckler who became his country's leader and helped shape it into one of the world's great powers.
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The WTO was founded to deal with trade disputes without causing trade wars, the UN as a forum for great powers and to police human-rights abuses.
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If the North-West Passage opens to shipping or enough valuable minerals are found beneath Arctic waters, expect a tussle between great powers for polar pre-eminence.
|
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In fact, naval deployments and exercises in the Persian Gulf have been used by great powers as a tool of intimidation and coercion against Iran for generations.
|
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Instead Francis' reforming energies have been directed elsewhere, toward two dramatic truces that would radically reshape the church's relationship with the great powers of the modern world.
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What it means to fix the systemSince the financial crisis, Dalio has been studying other debt crises, the rise and fall of great powers, populism, and polarization.
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The deliberations stem from a push to reduce missions battling distant terrorist groups, and to instead refocus on confronting so-called Great Powers like Russia and China.
|
|
Kinzer omits any discussion of the turn-of-the-century rivalries between the United States and other great powers, in the Caribbean, Central America and the Pacific.
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We know things like that are beyond our control, particularly in the face of a drive by great powers to carve new spheres of influence in Europe.
|
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But then I also think that it's very important that Russia be treated with respect, that Russia be treated as one of the great powers of the world.
|
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This gives Mr Bercow great powers: to select this or that MP to speak, to choose this or that amendment, or even to cast a tie-breaking vote.
|
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Yet even as civil and religious strife have raged in Syria, central Africa, Afghanistan and Iraq, a devastating clash between the world's great powers has remained almost unimaginable.
|
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" Other key points Haass added for this edition: How this came about is unprecedented: "History suggests great powers and the international orders they are associated with inevitably fade.
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The solution to the crisis is nowhere in sight; it is in the hands of great powers with seemingly irreconcilable strategic interests and no particular sense of urgency.
|
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The Middle East was never ours to lose: Great powers, the Lebanese historian Kamal Salibi once warned, meddle in the affairs of small tribes at their own risk.
|
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But it seemed to be an effort to domesticate some of Trump's bellicose rhetoric, emphasizing the importance of competition among the great powers but also of American leadership.
|
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These laws apply best to great powers — those states that determine the stability or instability of a system through their application of coercive economic, military and political power.
|
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When scholars of international relations analyze the strategies of great powers like the United States, they typically describe these countries' objectives as falling into one of two buckets.
|
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Pentagon officials say that the need to do both — fight insurgents and prepare for a potential war among great powers — is pushing a military that is already stretched.
|
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It supported his notion that the world is a stage on which great powers compete — and strike the best deals possible — while bending weaker countries to their will.
|
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People talk about great-power conflict or great-power war, but a nuclear exchange between great powers, no one wants to go there, so that is absolutely it.
|
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Ignoring the facts on the ground, the president's strategy sees the world as pre-1914, where the great powers competed against each other for market share and power.
|
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Great powers don't bluff: What will the administration do if such action results in one of those groups crossing the red line of killing or injuring an American?
|
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Early internal criticism about the new proposals has focused on whether any American withdrawal would create a vacuum for other Great Powers to fill, undermining their strategic purpose.
|
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Cold War institutions need to be updated not only for the post-Cold War era, but also for possible increased competition among great powers amid rapid technological innovation.
|
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The BAS folks were confident that finally nuclear arsenals would be abolished and the "oversized military establishment" of the great powers, including the United States, would be downsized.
|
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As the new defense strategy implies, take U.S. hegemony out of that equation and great powers may clash once again to the detriment of a cherished world order.
|
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But it also realizes the same benefits: greater precision in attack, a reduction in battle casualties, and clearer signaling between great powers, which should help settle their controversies.
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Juggling those roles can be hard, and it seemed particularly so during the pontiff's weekend visit to the Caucasus, a region where ancient religions and great powers compete intensely.
|
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The paper stresses that China will play by international rules and co-operate with the Arctic Council (its members include polar great-powers to reckon with: America and Russia).
|
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But the Secretary may be about to discover that, as Lebanese historian Kamal Salibi has said, great powers meddle in the affairs of small tribes at their own risk.
|
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When the great powers meet, the British foreign office often does the drafting, because of centuries of diplomatic experience and the fact that the text is always in English.
|
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For all but eighteen months of the century prior to the First World War, he writes, a web of international trade and investment kept peace among Europe's great powers.
|
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Some of the greatest problems with peacekeeping stem from the Security Council's imposed rules of engagement and the failure of the great powers to provide speedy money for troops.
|
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The actions of the U.S. and Chinese governments in the next 12 months will set the course for the relationship of the two great powers of the 21st century.
|
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In any case, in the space race that consumed the world's two great powers for almost two decades, the Americans nosed past in 1969 with the Apollo 11 landing.
|
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Instead of treating geopolitics as a zero-sum struggle between the great powers, America must draw on the self-reinforcing triad of its military might, its values and its allies.
|
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Great powers seem ever more willing to embrace the drama of confrontation over meaningful communication – and even when they try, it seems increasingly hard to bring them to a deal.
|
|
Glued to a 2,400-year-old script, the U.S. and China seem to be on the same war-bound path that great powers have taken since Sparta fought upstart Athens.
|
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It's all part of a high stakes power play in an already absurdly complicated conflict that has sucked in the world's great powers, and a lot of the lesser ones.
|
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As citizens, they will have to struggle with the fact that Hong Kong might just be a pawn in the big global game among corporate interests and the great powers.
|
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In an interview, he told me that such a conflict could lead to a big slump in the global economy, cause humanitarian suffering, and pit great powers against one another.
|
|
While Nobel prize winner Suu Kyi is the most recognizable figure in Myanmar, its constitution reserves great powers for the army, including control over the security forces and key ministries.
|
|
To reinforce the point, the C.I.A. looked to the past: "Historically, great powers have repeatedly absorbed setbacks without permanent diminution of the role which they subsequently played" in international affairs.
|
|
Specifically, instead of wantonly fueling geostrategic rivalries and inflaming Arab-Israeli tensions, the United States, together with other great powers, must help war-torn Muslim societies reconcile, heal and rebuild.
|
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In the jostling for influence and dominance in Central Asia a century ago, the great powers mapped caravan routes and mountain passes in a contest known as the Great Game.
|
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But he said the civilian government, who rule jointly with the military in an awkward constitutional arrangement that reserves great powers for the commander-in-chief, could not control troops.
|
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Yuri Ushakov, a foreign policy adviser to Mr. Putin, praised Mr. Tillerson, saying Russia was ready to find a way out of the "ridiculous condition" between the two great powers.
|
|
According to George Packard, former dean of the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, the treaty is the longest lasting alliance between great powers since the 1648 Peace of Westphalia.
|
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Syria and Ukraine are not formally linked, but Russian policies towards both reflect the Kremlin's conviction that its use of force is its prerogative as one of the world's great powers.
|
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This same sense of existential angst is only going to encourage North Korea -- a master at playing in the interstitial space between Great Powers -- to conduct another nuclear test, its sixth.
|
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If the great powers of the world ignore it then great damage will be done to the world order and the best hope of international justice for everybody in the world.
|
|
Once back in his normal realm, Billy discovers that he can tap great powers by saying the word "shazam," which turns him into a hero with an adult body (Zachary Levi).
|
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"They use the term Great Powers, never specifying who those powers are," said Mr. Biondo, who has recently written a book, "Supernova: How Five Star Was Killed," with another party defector.
|
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The North Koreans noticed, and much of the statement issued last week was a denunciation of Mr. Bolton and a vow never to bend to "great powers" seeking a similar deal.
|
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"There is an argument to be made by some who feel that two great powers can stand off with long-range precision weapons and hold each other at bay," Berger said.
|
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Despite, or perhaps because of, the deep ideological divides between the world&aposs great powers, it is critically important that they keep engaging with each other, if only to avoid miscalculation.
|
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The deliberations stem from a push to reduce post-9/11 missions battling terrorist groups, and instead to refocus Pentagon priorities on confronting so-called Great Powers like Russia and China.
|
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But the more energy and focus the world's great powers put into extravagant war games, the greater the likelihood that they may find themselves in a real and perhaps uncontrollable conflict.
|
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This nationalism led to clashes with the other great powers where their interests diverged; between Britain and Russia in Asia; Russia and Austria in the Balkans; Germany and France in north Africa.
|
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Both see the honor of their nation at stake at a crucial moment in the history of US-China relations, as the emerging competition between two great powers becomes sharper than ever.
|
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The result, the letter warned, would be fully independent robots that can kill, and are cheap and as readily available to rogue states and violent extremists as they are to great powers.
|
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In the early 20th century the pooh-bahs of the great powers thought they had solved the problem of war; their age was too enlightened to recapitulate the bloodletting of the past.
|
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Those leagues have long since been disenfranchised, condemned to the sidelines as western Europe's great powers fight it out among themselves, and the event has not suffered — quite the opposite, in fact.
|
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Israel is a small country, but thanks to its economic and military power it plays in the league of the great powers, and demonstrates a capacity to defy even the United States.
|
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And, finally, Mr. Annan was a shuttlecock batted back and forth by the great powers, too widely admired to be disposed of and too dangerous to be allowed to operate with impunity.
|
|
Kim has been working consistently over the past six years to be recognized not as a nuclear weapons state but as the newest member of the elite club of nuclear great powers.
|
|
Allison thus seems to suggest the existence of apparently unchanging laws, first revealed by Thucydides, that — like Newton's laws for physical matter — govern relations between great powers regardless of place and time.
|
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The idea was that the United States would forge a consensus among allies and great powers, then use that consensus as the starting point of talks with whatever rogue state was troubling it.
|
|
On the big, basic, defining issues of American foreign policy — alliances and relations with great powers — Trump has basically committed himself to the "globalist" stance of every other post-Cold War US president.
|
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In some ways, today's military is still grounded in a WWII or Cold War mentality, where massive armies and hundreds of thousands of ground troops held territory in a clash of great powers.
|
|
How to know, maybe such meetings are the beginning of a new dialogue between Russia and the US and back from the Cold War to the peaceful existence of the two great powers?!
|
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"The negotiation between the two great powers isn't about how many soybeans or Boeing airplanes they buy by the end of the year," said Kevin Warsh, a former governor of the Federal Reserve.
|
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If anything, the historical record demonstrates that great powers can inflict enormous punishment on their adversaries — with blockades, sanctions, sieges and bombing campaigns — and yet the pain rarely causes target states to surrender.
|
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For more than 60 years, North Korea has successfully resisted not only pressure from great powers, mainly the United States, but also attempts at manipulation by its patrons, the Soviet Union and China.
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"I don't think anyone is seriously considering [it]," Milley said at the time, noting that it would be disruptive to the administration's national defense strategy focusing on great powers like China and Russia.
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One way to trace this is [from] when the United States was trying to catch up and join the ranks of the great powers—when it most aggressively engaged in intellectual property theft.
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None of the great powers thought that the Great War would cause the collapse of the Turkish, Russian, German and Austro-Hungarian empires and would contribute to the eventual dissolution of the British empire.
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The Syrian ceasefire that began on February 27th, he told his viewers, was "definitely a Russian victory", made possible by Russia and America, two great powers, taking joint responsibility for the world's biggest crisis.
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Seva Gunitsky is an associate professor of political science at the University of Toronto, a native of St. Petersburg, Russia, and the author of Aftershocks: Great Powers and Domestic Reforms in the Twentieth Century.
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"They're going to have a much harder time trying to portray an image of, if not non-alignment, then the ability to maintain a good relationship with two great powers at the same time."
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Casting blame in Moscow's direction prevents us from productively discussing the grave problems we face as societies, and simplistically reduces the uncertainties and risks of an increasingly interdependent world to the great powers rivalry.
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Even if that great power has little concern for its partner's abuses, it may listen to other great powers, as Russia has sometimes done when Central Asian allies appeared on the verge of atrocities.
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Instead, it reinforces ancient realities: that Poland still faces a threat from Russia to the east and should remain wary of the great powers to the west that have betrayed Poland in the past.
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The attacks come as the American military looks to draw down counterterrorism forces in Africa as part of a larger Pentagon plan to pivot its focus on combating Russia, China and other great powers.
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Under Trump, the U.S. has abandoned the pretense of backing democracy and human rights, meaning there are no longer any great powers that even pretend to put morality at the center of foreign affairs.
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Measures to mitigate climate change are needed regardless of coral, but even if the world's great powers were to put their shoulder to the problem, global warming would not be brought to a swift halt.
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For me, there have been basic changes in our lifestyles and value systems that get in the way of fixing things, just as changes in the behavior of other great powers led to their demise.
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Such a system wouldn't bring stability, because the various subject peoples would periodically revolt, as they always do, and the great powers would start fighting among themselves over their respective spheres, as they always have.
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In other words, this rising great power claimed the right to mediate between Latin American governments and European great powers, and to project naval force within its near abroad to forestall threats from the sea.
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At the time, the nations of Europe were too small to operate as great powers upon the world stage (and Germany, in particular, would have aroused fearful opposition if it had tried to do so).
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He said that the reason it was so important to get populist nationalist governments in place was to prepare for a coming great-powers clash with an axis of ancient Turkish, Persian and Chinese civilizations.
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Since 1972, a major strategic objective of trade and financial ties between the United States and China has been the avoidance of war and the maintenance of mutually beneficial peace between these two great powers.
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It was an occasion that appealed to the imagination, this handing over of the formal death doom to a state that for so many centuries has been one of the great powers of the world.
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Speaking from his Quirinal Palace, Mr. Mattarella, who is imbued by Italy's Constitution with great powers during a government transition period, pointed out that Italy was one of the founding members of the European Union.
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No country gets rich by following a blueprint recommended by the great powers of the day, who want the latecomers to wait patiently in line, resigned to their lot in the world division of labor.
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India's test, along with the wider profusion of anti-satellite weapons, has lent credence to the worries of defence chiefs around the world who believe that future conflicts between great powers will stretch into space.
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As the youngest and most vigorous of the great powers, it was, he suggested, America's calling to promote peace and the settling of disputes by reason, shunning the "primal" and "ruinous" hatreds of the Old World.
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Parallels between Rome and America have been made in the past, of course; Paul Kennedy's "The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers" talked of imperial overstretch—excessive military spending that eventually undermined an empire's position.
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"Great powers like the United States, China and India will see an EU weakened politically and geopolitically if there is Brexit," Vivien Pertusot, Brussels-based analyst with the French Institute of International Relations (IFRI), told AFP.
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But there is a big difference between regional wars that might be triggered by the actions of a rogue state, such as North Korea or Iran, and those between great powers, which remain much less likely.
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The previous contests for hegemony cited by Mr Allison were not conducted under the shadow of nuclear weapons, which for all their risks remain the ultimate disincentive for great powers to wage war against each other.
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Foreign-policy realists will also, with justification, point out that the main reason why great powers no longer fight each other is because the destructive force of nuclear weapons has removed any incentive to do so.
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"Now his foreign policy (is returning) to the standard posture of the US in world affairs since 1945, which is that it is bent on maintaining primacy and sees other great powers as challengers," he said.
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The intensifying bombing campaign undercuts the Trump administration's intended pivot to confront threats from great powers like China and Russia, and away from long counterinsurgency and counterterrorism campaigns that have been the Pentagon's focus since 20163.
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"At the Potsdam conference in 1945, the leaders of the three great powers of the day — Harry Truman, Winston Churchill, and Josef Stalin — could not agree on the order they'd enter the conference room," he writes.
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"The risk of interstate conflict, including among great powers, is higher than at any time since the end of the Cold War," Coats told lawmakers during a hearing on worldwide threats before the Senate Intelligence Committee.
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The government has many great powers, particularly as they relate to the handling of state secrets, but it is the press that is charged with determining what information is truly within the public interest to know.
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In modern times, China has been bullied by the Great Powers, war and turmoil have left a deep impression with the suffering caused; China will never impose the sufferings it has been through on other peoples.
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The case at the International Court of Justice in the Hague is a test of whether colonial-era deals struck by great powers and small states that later gained independence are legitimate, given the power imbalance.
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In reading historian Barbara Tuchman's The Guns of August—which traces how the Great Powers defaulted, almost accidentally, into beginning the Great War in the summer of 1914— Kennedy fixated on a conversation between two German leaders.
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The secretary-general believes that multinational alliances, far from entangling great powers in enraging, Lilliputian constraints, offer a thrifty form of deterrence, precisely because a small international force serves as a tripwire for action by many countries.
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The construction of the wall stabilised that solution to the German question; a moment, in the words of the historian Tony Judt, "when the great powers, whatever they said in public, heaved a private sigh of relief".
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Senator McCain had a vision of a world order based on human freedom that also reflected a keen sense of American comparative advantage in a world of strategic competition with authoritarian great powers like China and Russia.
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The Successor States are the Great Powers of the BattleTech universe, and while they are considered the "civilized" core of the galaxy, there's an interesting argument that BattleTech makes about their role on the so-called Periphery.
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And the small wars of the last 20 years—Korea, Algeria, Vietnam—have clearly been civil wars, in which the great powers became involved, either because revolution threatened their rule or had created a dangerous power vacuum.
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This is a ready first option because nearly every country on earth relies on one of the great powers, which will have many points of contact and a range of issues on which it can exert leverage.
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The historian Paul Kennedy, in his book "The Rise and Fall of Great Powers," argues that military might without healthy budgets to back it up leads to a hollow force, good on paper but unprepared to fight.
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Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir said on Monday that Britain's planned exit from the European Union did not reduce its attractiveness as an investment destination, adding: We think that Britain is one of the great powers.
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Eighteen years after launching military operations in Afghanistan in October 2001, the United States finds itself in a frustrating and costly dilemma similar to those of the other great powers of the past who charged into Afghanistan.
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But the Taliban's track record leaves them wary, and they fear that the United States, like other great powers, sided with them only when convenient and is all too ready to abandon them when it is not.
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One of the priorities for next year is for a smooth transition in relations between the two countries to "open new cooperative prospects" and have a more stable, healthy framework for relations between the great powers, Wang said.
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Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America's CSIS, in a thoughtful book called "The Graying of the Great Powers", argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications.
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Quotable: "From ancient times to the present, whenever great powers have collapsed or decayed, a common cause has been the loss of central authority," Mr. Xi said in a speech last year that was published only this month.
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That led to the first great powers in the fertile valleys of the Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, Indus and Yellow rivers around 3,000BC, which, in turn, led to the first empires, the universal religions and the continental trade routes.
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That led to the first great powers in the fertile valleys of the Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, Indus and Yellow rivers around 3000BC, which, in turn, led to the first empires, the universal religions and the continental trade routes.
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Russia and China have both advanced their military capabilities to act as a global power… Others are now pursuing advanced technology, including military technologies that were once the exclusive province of great powers – this trend will only continue.
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Other great powers try to use this vacuum to their advantage while smaller players often think — rightly so — that they can get away with actions that would have drawn the ire of the United States in the past.
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"It is a hard fact that the deployment of THAAD is pursuant to the U.S. strategy to contain great powers and hold supremacy in Northeast Asia, not the one for 'shielding' South Korea from someone's 'threat'," KCNA said.
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The Israelis continue to assert their place as a regional military power, but they are also now keen to convey that the country can play a crucial role in diplomacy, both among Arab states and great powers alike.
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But it is important to note that even before technological developments made wars between the great powers literally a life and death struggle, hence self-defeating, politically speaking wars had already become a matter of life and death.
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It desires a return to spheres of influence where great powers decide the future of their neighbors, the use of trade as a tool to coerce others, and the erosion of democratic norms that challenge his regime's legitimacy.
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Trump's decision not to discuss China and Russia in detail was arguably the most glaring foreign policy oversight of his address since the Trump administration has said that America's top security concern is the threat from great powers.
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Amid praise for Michel Barnier's team of negotiators for bringing home a deal after 18 months of grueling talks, Juncker said it was "no time for champagne", as one of Europe's great powers quits after a 2016 referendum.
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China announced last week during the NPC that it would transform the former Ministry of Environmental Protection into the Ecological Environment ministry with great powers that include taking on the environmental duties of the land, water and agriculture ministries.
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And US-China relations with respect to Korea are not only difficult to align but can interfere with inter-Korean politics as the great powers get drawn in -- a recurring theme in Korean history of the last 150 years.
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But there is a slower path to destruction: a world where international agreements are scorned, so the great powers push ahead with deadlier weapons while the smaller nations also acquire nuclear weapons since there is no reward for restraint.
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What's happening: Experts call AI a transformative technology in the same league as electricity, and say the two big great powers — the U.S. and China — are positioned to dominate it as it creeps into consumer, business and military use.
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" Karen Harris, managing director at Bain Macro Trends, tells Axios that the new order will be the U.S., Russia and China — "multiple parallel great powers pushing against each other in the two new borderlands of cyberspace and (actual) space.
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It tracks the number of years in a given time period in which "great powers" — meaning the militarily and economically powerful countries at that time — were at war with each other over the course of the past 500 years.
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SYDNEY, Australia — The United States and China turned a Pacific Rim trade summit this weekend into a stage where the world could do little more than stand by and watch as two great powers aggravated their battle over trade.
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In the early 1990s, after the fall of the Soviet Union, the American military exercised restraint on anti-satellite weaponry, Mr. Weeden said, in the hopes that two other so-called great powers — Russia and China — would follow suit.
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"I'm not going to do anything in terms of the great powers bestowed upon a president of the United States, I want the process play out, I think that's the best thing to do," Trump said in Las Vegas.
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As Donald Trump prepares to meet with Vladimir Putin, many onlookers view the two leaders and their countries through a geopolitical lens that is essentially two-dimensional — a map with imperial borders that shift as great powers rise and fall.
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But China is pushing back, a dynamic made most recently clear in Papua, New Guinea, over the weekend, where the U.S. and China bickered publicly in a way not seen between great powers since the actual Cold War three decades ago.
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Nikonov, his grandson, believes the revolution denied Russia a victory in World War I. "At the beginning of the year, Russia was one of the great powers with perfect chances of winning the war in a matter of months," he said.
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Moreover, the comet being magnified much beyond what its light would admit of, appeared hazy and ill-defined with these great powers, while the stars preserved that lustre and distinctness which from many thousand observations I knew they would retain.
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Arguing that it was tank divisions and fighter squadrons keeping the peace during the Cold War—and not the world-ending arsenal of nuclear weapons maintained by the great powers—was both a dubious proposition and an enormously profitable one.
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Asia is not witnessing a classic arms race between two great powers and their allies, of the sort Britain and Germany engaged in before the first world war, or a cold-war contest like that between America and the Soviet Union.
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The Great War, also known as "the war to end all wars," engulfed an unwitting world because the leaders of the great powers did not understand the enormity of suffering they were about to unleash when they stumbled needlessly into conflict.
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" The end result was "by the early 1970s the American President had become on issues of war and peace the most absolute monarch (with the possible exception of Mao Tse-tung of China) among the great powers of the world.
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During the last 100 years, great powers and nationalist movements have partitioned states around the world, first in Ireland and then in Korea, China, Vietnam, India, Pakistan, Palestine, Cyprus, Germany, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Ethiopia, and mostly recently, Sudan.
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Assuming we want to preserve stability on the Korean Peninsula, support our allies, contain North Korea and its nuclear program, and compete with other great powers in Asia, we should think seriously about how and when to end the Korean War.
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Like prior great powers, China is creating far-reaching infrastructure — its Belt and Road Initiative — to stretch its reach around the world, in effect placing its vitality side-by-side with a West failing even to keep its middle class intact.
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The case at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), as the World Court is officially known, is seen as a test of the legitimacy of deals struck between great powers and small states at the end of the colonial era.
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The executive presidency, which would repose great powers in Mr. Erdogan, will kick in after June 24, and Turkey will formally switch to a new era where the president will be the ultimate head of state, government, police, army and the ruling party.
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Little wonder then that the great powers spend so much time courting the minnows, and showering them with aid, to keep them on side when resolutions come up before the UN. Upgrade your inbox and get our Daily Dispatch and Editor's Picks.
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After all, the white race is the minority race and if the two great powers of the Northern Hemisphere don't band together, we are going to end up as farmers—or, worse, mere entertainment—for more than one billion grimly efficient Asiatics.
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It is not surprising that the great powers, in a world in which their influence and their share of global product were likely to shrink, were willing to exchange the right of conquest for globalization, with its system of international trade agreements.
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Trump accepted Putin as an equal and suggested that the United States and Russia had equal roles to play in global affairs—Putin's dream of returning to a global order shaped by great powers and spheres of influence inched closer to reality.
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So, while the Americans and the West were talking up democracy, when push came to shove, the U.S. did what all great powers do — what Russia would have done — it made sure it got its way by supporting an unpopular and corrupt politician.
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In the first half of the 20th century, two world wars broke out, killing some 80 million people and, before then, war among leading powers was nearly constant; in the last 60 years, no great powers have gone to war with one another.
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It's clearly in none of the major powers interests to see this type of new and lethal technology spread to unstable areas and non-state actors, so this could be an area where the great powers interests align and progress might be made.
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As the great powers sought to destroy each other in World War I with fearsome new weapons like tanks, poison gas and armed airplanes, Malevich was envisioning a postwar utopia visible only in the new world of abstract art, Mr. Drutt said.
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The 212-year-old Pentecostal preacher was raised a Buddhist in the 22.9s and 24s, one of the darkest periods in Korean history—Japanese occupation, the division of the peninsula by the Great Powers, the Korean War, and then years of desperate poverty.
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But as tensions in the Korean Peninsula have continued to rise over the past year, American military commanders and senior defense officials have fretted over whether 16 years of counterinsurgency fighting has left the military unprepared for a great powers land war.
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As the government of President Bashar al-Assad has focused its military power on defeating rebels in the north and south, the river has emerged as the collision point for the great powers and their local allies struggling for influence in the east.
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But the American campaign undertaken in response to Russia's information offensive is limited in large part to keep Moscow from escalating in response by taking down the power grid or conducting some other reprisal that could trigger a bigger clash between great powers.
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Even so, Mr. Esper has said his mission is to realign American forces worldwide — beginning here in Africa — away from post-9/11 missions battling terrorist groups and instead refocus Pentagon priorities on confronting so-called great powers like Russia and China.
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"The Future of Capitalism" is rife with inventive proposals, including the creation of a new international body that would coordinate the diplomatic efforts of the world's great powers; reforming corporate boards; establishing socioeconomically integrated schools built around distinctive "belief systems" and much else.
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A blinding assault on enemy satellites could well be the very first step of a military conflict between great powers, said professor Bhupendra Jasani, an expert in the militarization of outer space at the department of war studies at King's College London.
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Spidey took down Mysterio, accepted the great responsibility that comes with having great powers, and finally got to spend some quality time thwipping around the city with MJ. Everything seems fine until the mid credits scene, which drops two huge bombs on Peter's Parker's life.
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Negotiating with other great powers about how we can together help the world progress to mutual benefit, all of that is fine, but if you have the attitude that you're aggrieved and pressing your grievance rather than negotiating the future is what it's about.
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Today's great powers are sliding toward a new arms race, this time on the battleground of lethal computer code, but experts say that rushing to develop autonomous weapons — which can be erratic and easily stolen — will make violent conflict more likely and yield no winners.
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A sense that Trump is an activist President keen to deploy military force could alter the calculations of other great powers -- for instance China, as it works out how to respond to Trump's demands to do more to rein in its ally North Korea.
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When the Kremlin, seeing the opportunity to divert international attention from its own outrages, issued a letter widely interpreted as a threat to attack London and Paris with nuclear weapons, the great powers seemed for an instant to be lurching toward World War III.
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Although some think containing China offers a rationale for leaving the Middle East, they should think ahead: A new cold war could plunge the United States back into gruesome proxy wars around the world and risk a still deadlier war among the great powers.
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Insightful and opinionated, Freedman charges from the interstate wars of the 19th century to the Cold War to attempts to make sense of civil strife in the 1990s, ending with current fears about clashes with great powers like Russia or China using high-tech weaponry.
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"From ancient times to the present, whenever great powers have collapsed or decayed, a common cause has been the loss of central authority," Mr. Xi said in the speech, which was given early last year but not issued till this month in a leading party journal, Qiushi.
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In the past half-century wars between states have become exceedingly rare, and those between great powers and their allies almost non-existent, mainly because of the mutually destructive power of nuclear weapons, international legal constraints and the declining appetite for violence of relatively prosperous societies.
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It very much remains to be seen whether investors will respond in a similar way in Europe — if populism continues to advance — as they did in Brazil and the U.S. European countries are too small to take a hard line against great powers like America and China.
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By force, diplomacy, restrictive measures, or some combination thereof, they've worked to prevent conceivable collections of regional, rogue, authoritarian, and non-state challengers—to say nothing of revisionist, potentially great powers like Russia or China—from replicating the extraordinary totalitarian threat of the bygone bipolar era.
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The great powers of bygone centuries subscribed to the economic theory of mercantilism, "Wherein we must ever observe this rule: to sell more to strangers yearly than we consume of theirs in value," as its apostle, the East India Company director Thomas Mun, wrote in the 21s.
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The Fleet of the future – providing increased, distributed combat power and the tactics to counter and deter great powers – is an important endeavor to change the Navy into a force we will hopefully never have to employ against the very powers they were intended to counter.
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The future will be marked by great-power competition, particularly among China, Russia and the U.S., while ascending powers like India, Turkey, Iran and a UAE/Saudi bloc (potentially joined with the Israelis) jockey for benefit among the great powers and pursue their own regional aspirations.
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" She added: "Canada's broader interest in investing in a capable, professional and robust military is very clear: If middle powers do not implicate themselves in the furtherance of peace and stability around the world, that will be left to the great powers to settle among themselves.
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Parallel with diplomacy, Moscow has taken more concrete measures to insert itself into Persian Gulf affairs and to carve out a place for itself in the region and a role in future decisions regarding regional security together with other great powers, notably the United States and the European Union.
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There is the undeniable improvement in the continent's great powers; an ignorance of the qualities of the second-tier teams in France, Italy, Spain and Germany; the travails of United and Liverpool, two teams historically adept at European competition; and the fact that Arsenal keeps drawing Bayern Munich.
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Yes, terrorism is a fat-tailed problem, whose biggest costs come from rare and impossible-to-predict exceptions to the tranquil norm, but even the death toll of such attacks pales in comparison to other fat-tailed problems like nuclear war between great powers, pandemic disease, and climate change.
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In "Postwar," Jackson Pollock, Frank Stella and other American all-stars have no more or less prominence than Socialist Realist painters from the Soviet Union and the new People's Republic of China, or than artists from beyond the great powers, like the ghoulishly brilliant Mozambican muralist Malangatana Valente Ngwenya.
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The General Treaty for the Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy, or the Kellogg-Briand pact (named after the foreign ministers of the United States and France who had sponsored it, pictured seated right and left), was signed by more than 50 countries, including all the great powers.
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Conceived by Massoud Barzani and sold as a prelude to the world's largest stateless people, long reliant on the caprices and mercies of the great powers, attaining their century-long dream of establishing a homeland, the referendum was a domestic political victory in its breadth even if an international defeat.
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The antagonism between the United States and the Soviet Union surely did set up "a long peace" after 1945 in much of the world—though people across Africa and Southeast Asia may have had trouble noticing it, in the midst of the proxy wars fought there between the great powers.
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It would terrify rival nuclear powers, like Russia and China, who would quite understandably wonder what the US wanted all of those nuclear weapons for, risking a Cold War-style arms race at a time when tensions between these great powers (over issues like Ukraine and North Korea) are already high.
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Most of its countries shared a political (democratic) and economic (capitalist) system; Germany and Russia — the great powers that had caused so much instability in the past — were no longer threats, and the European Union was on the verge of incorporating much of Eastern Europe and creating a single currency.
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"The exchange of traps and catapults of a French Rafale on Ike and a US Super Hornet on CDG [Charles de Gaulle] not only displayed the versatility of each country's naval air power, but was a striking visual of comradery in arms of two great powers at sea," said Capt.
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America and Japan became great powers because of the war, and their competition for the Pacific set them on a collision course that became part of World War II. Indeed, it's difficult to imagine the Arab-Isreali conflict, the Cold War, or modern terrorism without the world that the alleged peace of 1918 made.
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"If we accept that other great powers, including allies, including friends who have been with us in the darkest hours, put themselves in the position of deciding for us our diplomacy, our security, while putting us at severe risk," he said, "then we are no longer sovereign, and we can't credibly face public opinion."
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While no final decision has been made on how many troops will be transferred from Africa and the Middle East as the Pentagon refocuses its priorities to confront "great powers" like Russia and China, America's top military officer said the United States needed to shift its forces to better counter China in particular. Gen.
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Dag Hammarskjöld, the second United Nations secretary general, once declared that the organization "was created not to lead mankind to heaven, but in order to save humanity from hell," and that is especially true today for the grouping of 193 nations, ranging from geographic specks like Nauru to giants like China and great powers like the United States.
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The first two stories are sensitive and subtle, but it's the quiet, spacious moments that fill the third episode—a series of late-night diner rendezvous, a nocturnal horseback ride by the side of a highway—that show off one of Reichardt's great powers as a director: her unerring feeling for the climate and mood of American places the movies tend to neglect.
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Despite the fact that ethnic and sectarian strife still flared up with heartbreaking regularity, despite all that as a consequence of the continuation of nuclear détente, and a peaceful and prosperous Japan, and a unified Europe anchored in NATO, and the entry of China into the world's system of trade -- all that greatly reduced the prospect of war between the world's great powers.
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Despite the fact that ethnic and sectarian strife still flared up with heartbreaking regularity, despite all that as a consequence of the continuation of nuclear détente, and a peaceful and prosperous Japan, and a unified Europe anchored in NATO, and the entry of China into the world's system of trade — all that greatly reduced the prospect of war between the world's great powers.
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Though the veto arrangements agreed to at Yalta often cripple the Security Council in addressing disputes among the great powers (any of the five permanent members of the Security Council can veto an action), the organization has become an effective global peacekeeping force, and many of its agencies, like the World Health Organization and the High Commissioner for Refugees, do valuable work.
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But they also emphasized the trial's political dimension, in particular the constant involvement of great powers in the conflict in Chad in the 1980s and the current Chadian government's biased cooperation with the E.A.C. Defense counsel regularly suggested that the trial was the result of an understanding between Idriss Déby, the president of Chad for the past 25 years, several foreign powers and international NGOs.
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Center of the Middle East All of the key themes at the heart of the turmoil in the Middle East appear in the Syrian conflict: The problem of political authoritarianism; the struggle for democracy, terrorism and rise of radical Islamic militancy; the regional rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia; the spread of sectarianism; intervention by the great powers; and the egregious violation of human rights.
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"Great powers don't fight endless wars," President TrumpDonald John TrumpFacebook releases audit on conservative bias claims Harry Reid: 'Decriminalizing border crossings is not something that should be at the top of the list' Recessions happen when presidents overlook key problems MORE said at his State of the Union speech, a clear allusion to the United States' multiple perpetual wars, of which Afghanistan is the longest.
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Although it was long thought that North Korean nuclear and missile tests were intended as muscle flexing for both internal and external consumption, and as a way to exact concessions from the great powers, a growing number of experts and officials say that the North may be committed to assembling a nuclear arsenal that would include smaller weapons that could be mounted on short-range missiles.
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Israel, which in August sent a delegation headed by Mossad chief Yossi Cohen to the White House while Prime Minister Netanyahu himself went to Sochi, Russia, to meet with President Putin to discuss the ceasefire, is now clarifying that if the great powers fail to take its critical interests into account when deciding on the future of Syria, it will act independently to protect itself.
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When you see that, what's happening today between Cuba and the US starts to make a lot more sense: Americans don't talk about this chapter in our history much today, but around the turn of the 19th century the country's politics were divided over a question of national identity: Would the United States become an explicitly imperial power, joining the great powers of Europe in dividing up the world?
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"What Mr. Trump articulated in this series of interviews ... that is exactly the goals and aspirations of the Kremlin: to erode NATO 's credibility, to erode the European Union and to conquer and divide, to get to a great power relationship on arms control where it is back to the future and two great powers will solve everything," said Heather Conley, director of the European affairs program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
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In her debut novel, "Between Shades of Gray," Ruta Sepetys shined light on the largely forgotten plight of the Baltic peoples crushed between the great powers at the beginning of World War II. Now she does the same for these survivors trapped in the interstices of history: neither German nor Soviet, trying to escape from a no-man's land neither Axis nor Allied in a war already lost but not yet won.
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When he meets with President Xi again at the G-20 Summit starting this week, he would be wise to not only bring up the return and growing problem of Chinese economic cyberespionage but also the prospect for cooperation: as technology leaders both countries share an interest in a world where patents are respected; as great powers both also want to minimize potentially lethal conflict while ensuring domestic stability, and cyberspace has proven to be tumultuous for both.
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