If only the girls would stop driving off their governesses!
|
|
When the book opens, we see the governesses before properly meeting them.
|
|
For all their antics, the governesses are not "unsavory," according to the narrator.
|
|
Gender plays a large role in the staff's duties — women are usually housekeepers, babysitters, or governesses.
|
|
There's nothing quite so explicit in "The Governesses" (although a dragonfly is put to an unorthodox use).
|
|
She has written 14 novels; "The Governesses," published in 1992, is the first to be translated into English.
|
|
She told bawdy jokes, told off governesses, hid and wouldn't come out, and climbed trees and wouldn't come down.
|
|
What was a fortress on a swamp for their parents was a domesticated home with reading and governesses for them.
|
|
"The Governesses," a newly translated novel by the French writer Anne Serre, belongs to this category, if not quite these ranks.
|
|
There, she and her siblings rode horses, played merrily in the fields and orchards, and took fiendish glee in torturing a series of governesses.
|
|
The stories are a little Wilde-like—upper-class Edwardian jam and governesses—but even more like the gruesome tales of Hilaire Belloc or Roald Dahl.
|
|
"The Governesses" is not a treatise but an aria, and one delivered with perfect pitch: a minor work, defiantly so, but the product of a significant talent.
|
|
Charlotte, Anne, and Emily took jobs as governesses and teachers and supported themselves, kept house for their elderly father, and worked on their literary masterpieces on the side.
|
|
Born into privilege on Philadelphia's Main Line, educated mostly by French governesses, she grew up in a musical home where the guests included Sergei Rachmaninoff, Leopold Stokowski and Eugene Ormandy.
|
|
A baby is born to one of the governesses, and we meet an old man, a neighbor, who spies on the women with his telescope (the women erotically taunt him in turn).
|
|
Yael Stone, who plays Lorna Morello, can be seen in the remake of "Picnic at Hanging Rock," the terrifying television series about three schoolgirls and their governesses who mysteriously disappear on Valentines Day in 1900.
|
|
In a memoir, "Daughter of Empire: Life as a Mountbatten" (19793), her sister described a life of parental absences in the care of nannies and governesses as their parents devoted their time to separate lives and separate loves.
|
|
Eat, Pray, Love author Elizabeth Gilbert has said that she believes there were always women who knew they had no maternal desire; historically, these women would become nuns, governesses, or whatever option was available to women of their era and status.
|
|
The actors mostly acquit themselves well, taking things as straightforwardly as possible, though Ms. Dormer's coy seductiveness isn't a good fit for the headmistress (and Yael Stone of "Orange Is the New Black" goes way over the top as the most pious of the school's governesses).
|
|
His signatures were all there — hook-and-eye closures on fluted leather or python minidresses; fluid jackets; Jane Eyre silhouettes (for governesses at the Hard Rock Academy anyway); boned bustiers and hip-slung trousers; even two ball gowns trailing wisps of gothic romance — but they had the serenity that comes from not needing to be a buzz-making machine anymore.
|
|
The sisters of The Moors, Agatha and Huldy, aren't literally the Brontës, but their hyper-gothic house (in which every room is somehow the parlor) and their literary ambitions (Huldy writes a diary full of swooningly wicked fictional men taking advantage of her; Agatha ghost writes love letters to innocent young governesses) are clearly meant to evoke the Brontë sisters.
|
|
An option for the more adventurous was to find an appointment abroad. The Russian Empire proved to be a relatively well- paid option for many. According to Harvey Pitcher in When Miss Emmie was in Russia: English Governesses before, during and after the October Revolution,Pitcher, Harvey (1977). When Miss Emmie was in Russia: English Governesses before, during and after the October Revolution, as many as thousands of English-speaking governesses went there.
|
|
Her mother was Elizabeth Patillo, who died in 1833. She was educated by governesses at home.
|
|
The real life basis for Nursie was Queen Elizabeth's real governesses, Kat Ashley, Margaret Bryan and Blanche Parry.
|
|
She was educated by governesses, went to schools in Germany and Switzerland, and was trained as a musician in Italy.
|
|
He fathered six sons and four daughters. He had his son and successor, Iftikhar Ali Khan, educated by European tutors and governesses.
|
|
Poppies, oil on canvas painting 1890 From a young age, governesses and private tutors educated Kaʻiulani starting with a British woman, Marion Barnes, from 1879 until her early death of pneumonia in 1884, and then an American woman, Gertrude Gardinier, who became her favorite governess. After Gardinier's marriage in 1887, her governesses included a French woman, Catalina de Alcala or D'Acala, and a German woman, Miss Reiseberg, with whom Kaʻiulani did not develop as strong a bond. Her governesses taught her reading, writing letters (often to relatives), music practices and social training. She also read biographies about her namesake, Queen Victoria.
|
|
ODNB entry. Walford was educated privately by German governesses. Her reading included works by Charlotte Yonge and Susan Ferrier, and in later years Jane Austen.
|
|
Joseph had five sisters, four of whom became governesses, including two - first Frederica and then Margaret (Peggy) - to the Royal Household of King George III and Queen Charlotte.
|
|
After her father married one of their governesses, she lived with an aunt in Cheshire. Their cousin Peter Walwyn was also a racehorse trainer. She married Gordon Johnson Houghton in 1937.
|
|
Harrison was born in Cottingham, Yorkshire on 9 September 1850 to Charles and Elizabeth Harrison. Her mother died of puerperal fever shortly after she was born and she was educated by a series of governesses. Her governesses taught her German, Latin, Ancient Greek and Hebrew, but she later expanded her knowledge to about sixteen languages, including Russian. Harrison spent most of her professional life at Newnham College, the progressive, recently established college for women at Cambridge.
|
|
He and his siblings were educated by governesses. When he was a young adult, a tutor prepared him for annual state examinations that allowed him to attend the gymnasium in neighboring provincial town of Nikolsberg.
|
|
She was educated by governesses and at a boarding school. During her childhood she had musical and artistic training. She "inherited intellectuality and a cultured taste" from her parents and graduated from school with honor.
|
|
Ester never went to a formal school but instead her education was left in charge of governesses. In 1929 she traveled to France, where during a few months she studied courses in the visual arts.
|
|
F. D. Maurice's portrait hanging on the college's staircase In 1845 David Laing, chaplain of the Middlesex Hospital raised funds with a committee of patrons to acquire a building at 47 Harley Street with the intention of creating a home for unemployed governesses. Laing was keen to develop the institution to provide governesses with an education and certification. In 1847 he acquired the agreement of professors from King's College London to give lectures in the Home. Queen Victoria gave her assent, promise of funds and patronage.
|
|
Here he paints a chimney piece for the 'Hofje van Nieuwkoop', a housing project for poor widows funded from the inheritance of Johan de Bruijn van Buijtewech, a rich citizen of The Hague. The chimney piece represents the double portrait of Odila en Philippine van Wassenaer, the nieces of van Buijtewech and two first governesses of the project.Hofje van Nieuwkoop en de kunst at the RKD The two young governesses are depicted as shepherdesses.Alison McNeil Keetering, The Dutch Arcadia: pastoral art and its audience in the Golden Age, Allanheld and Schram, 1983, p.
|
|
Michael died in infancy. Lucy and Wiliam, who both were agnostics, did not have their children baptized. The children were schooled at home by their mother and governesses. In 1897, Olivia married an Italian anarchist refugee, Antonio Agresti.
|
|
88; Pimlott, p. 51; Shawcross, p. 25 and learned French from a succession of native-speaking governesses. A Girl Guides company, the 1st Buckingham Palace Company, was formed specifically so she could socialise with girls her own age.
|
|
While a teenager, Hall-Dare suffered several bereavements, losing both her parents and her two brothers. Hall-Dare and her sisters received education at home with private governesses and tutors.Obituary, 'Mrs J. Theodore Bent', The Times, 4 July 1929.
|
|
Coker (2005), 6. Though he never had a mastery of the language, his governesses also taught him a limited amount of Latin.Freedman (1992), 9. Roosevelt gave a bilingual speech (in English and French) during a 1936 visit to Quebec City.
|
|
134 All three Brontë sisters worked as governesses or teachers, and all experienced problems controlling their charges, gaining support from their employers, and coping with homesickness—but Anne was the only one who persevered and made a success of her work.
|
|
Siddhant Rai (Rishi Kapoor) is a wealthy architect, living a comfortable lifestyle with his three children Rohit, Rahul and Rani. Also living with them is their butler Banky Bihari Chaturdevi also known as B.B.C. (Tiku Talsania). Because they have no mother, Siddhant has arranged for many governesses or teachers to take care of them, but the children always drive any of these governesses and teachers away. Siddhant soon decides to send his children to boarding school but changes his mind when B.B.C. reminds him that when Siddhant threw his younger brother out of the house, he never came back again.
|
|
Cazalet was educated at home by governesses, and later attended lectures at the London School of Economics. She was a close friend of Megan Lloyd George, the daughter of Prime Minister David Lloyd George and later a Member of Parliament (MP) herself.
|
|
Obituary Mary H. Hoyle Salmond. Retrieved 20 August 2014. After first being taught by a series of governesses he then attended Miss Dixon's School in Thurloe Square, London. At the age of nine Salmond was sent to Aysgarth Preparatory School in Yorkshire.
|
|
Gould Lee 1956, p. 21.Mateos Sainz de Medrano 2004, p. 83Van der Kiste 1994, p. 62. The princess grew up in an strongly anglophile environment, among a cohort of British tutors and governesses, including Miss Nichols, who took special care of her.
|
|
Weld played tennis, baseball and collected stamps. Weld was educated by governesses before going to finishing school. Weld was accepted at Bryn Mawr College but she needed to complete a class in English before attending. Instead she applied to MIT against her mother’s wishes.
|
|
The Debutante (1807) by Henry Fuseli; "Woman, the victim of male social conventions, is tied to the wall, made to sew and guarded by governesses. The picture reflects Mary Wollstonecraft's views in The Rights of Women ".Tomory, Peter. The Life and Art of Henry Fuseli.
|
|
She was taught initially by governesses in Switzerland and Germany before attending Brighton High School for Girls. She would go on to study at Royal Holloway College and later at Bedford College. During 1900-1901 she traveled around the world studying how children were treated.
|
|
The Debutante (1807) by Henry Fuseli; "Woman, the victim of male social conventions, is tied to the wall, made to sew and guarded by governesses. The picture reflects Mary Wollstonecraft's views in The Rights of Women ".Tomory, Peter. The Life and Art of Henry Fuseli.
|
|
Finch's biographer, Jill Shefrin, writes that the governess was noted for the skill she devoted to the raising of her own children, while Christopher Hibbert suggests that her educated background made her "well-suited" to the position. Lady Charlotte held the role of royal governess for over 30 years, and oversaw 14 of the king and queen's 15 children. She presided over the royal nursery, overseeing the staff members designated for each child; the staff included sub-governesses, teachers, personal attendants, and assistant governesses. She oversaw the princes until they became old enough to live in their own households, while the six princesses remained under her supervision until they turned 21.
|
|
Dame Agnes Jekyll, (née Graham; 12 October 1861 - 28 January 1937) was a British artist, writer and philanthropist. The daughter of William Graham, Liberal MP for Glasgow (1865-1874) and patron of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, she was educated at home by governesses, and later attended King's College London.
|
|
The Debutante (1807) by Henry Fuseli; The woman, victim of male social conventions, is tied to the wall, made to sew and guarded by governesses. The picture reflects Mary Wollstonecraft's views in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, published in 1792.Tomory, Peter. The Life and Art of Henry Fuseli.
|
|
Thereafter, both Codee and Orth flourished as Hollywood character actors. Codee was seen in dozens of films as florists, music teachers, landladies, governesses and grandmothers. She played a variety of ethnic types, from the very French Mme. Poullard in Jezebel (1938) to the Gallic Tante Berthe in The Mummy's Curse (1941).
|
|
He lived at 6 Queen Anne's Grove, Bedford Park from 1881 to 1890. He was architect to the Church of England Waifs and Strays Society and to the Governesses' Benevolent Institution. His office was at Hart Street, Bloomsbury, London.Unpublished obituary by K A Pite held at RIBA He retired in 1932.
|
|
Matossian, 13. He was subsequently educated by a series of governesses, and then, in 1932, sent to a boarding school on the Aegean island of Spetses, Greece. He sang in the school's boys' choir, where the repertoire included works by Palestrina, and Mozart's Requiem, which Xenakis memorized in its entirety.Varga, 14.
|
|
Gladys Marva Cumpston was born on 31 May 1887 at Rosedale Victoria, Australia. She learned by Governesses and went to Shirley College and Presbyterian Ladies’ College, Melbourne. John Howard Lidgett Cumpston, a Historian and first Federal Director of health at Australia, is the husband of Gladys. Cumpston had three sons and four daughters.
|
|
Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1861. Data imaged from The National Archives, London, England. Undoubtedly, the Asylum was run by the Governesses' Benevolent Institution. On 10 January 1863, she was buried at the former parish of St James, Hampstead Road, St Pancras, Camden.
|
|
Davies' original intention was to commence classes on Wednesday, 20 April 1881;See (see "Tutors, Governesses, Clerks, &c.;: Caulfield Grammar School", The Argus, (Saturday, 2 April 1881) p.1, col.E.) however, due to circumstances that were never clearly explained, Davies postponed the school's opening, at the last minute, until Monday, 25 April 1881.
|
|
Elizabeth Allen is a pretty girl with dark curly hair and blue eyes. All her life she had done as she liked and been spoiled by her family. She also hates school. Six governesses had come and gone, but not one of them had been able to make Elizabeth obedient or good mannered.
|
|
Keenan grew up in India where her father, Brigadier-General John Keenan served as a British officer of the Indian Army. The three daughters were raised by governesses. After Gandhi's assassination, the family returned to England, making their home in Hampshire. Keenan joined Ernestine Carter to work at The Sunday Times in 1957.
|
|
On 10 December 1868, she was granted a civil list pension of £100 a year. She was instrumental in founding the Hospital for Consumption at Brompton (now the Royal Brompton Hospital), the Governesses' Institute (presumably the School Mistresses and Governesses’ Benevolent Institution), the Home for Decayed Gentlewomen (see Elizabeth Finn Care formerly the Distressed Gentlefolks' Aid Association), and the Nightingale Fund (used to set up what is now the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery). Her benevolence was of the most practical nature; she worked for the temperance cause, for women's rights, and for the friendless and fallen. She was a friend to street musicians, and a thorough believer in spiritualism; but this belief did not prevent her from remaining a devout Christian.
|
|
The 1851 census listed Ellen as the milliner, her elder sister Sarah the schoolmistress, and Emily and Elizabeth as governesses. They rented Great Tangley Manor in 1852, with William as tenant farmer. Ellen remembered the “home in the woods,” in her book calling it the “large rambling antiquated place...suggestive of ghosts and goblins”.
|
|
Nehru described his childhood as a "sheltered and uneventful one." He grew up in an atmosphere of privilege at wealthy homes including a palatial estate called the Anand Bhavan. His father had him educated at home by private governesses and tutors. Under the influence Ferdinand T. Brooks' tutelage, Nehru became interested in science and theosophy.
|
|
This was the first of a number of governesses who came by day, not living in. Mrs Nicholson entertained a lot, missionaries from overseas and friends. She bought a house over Pennant Avenue at one stage to put up overseas missionaries, while they settled. She was a very keen Anglican and supported various missions.
|
|
She was also able to find a job teaching at Sevenoaks. In the 1851 England Census, Campbell is listed as living alone at 16 Quartre Bras, Hexham, Northumberland, assisted by a pension from the Governesses' Benevolent Institution.Class: HO107; Piece: 2414; Folio: 552; Page: 3; GSU roll: 87092. Ancestry.com. 1851 England Census [database on-line].
|
|
Events representative of cruel treatment of governesses and of women recur throughout Agnes Grey.Harrison and Stanford p. 222 Additionally, Brontë depicts scenes of cruelty towards animals, as well as degrading treatment of Agnes. Parallels have been drawn between the oppression of these two groups—animals and females—that are "beneath" the upper class human male.
|
|
Like most Arab families, her father ran the house and Kouloub was raised by the harem. Many of her works talked about the strict culture of being raised by the harem. She was educated at home by governesses and was taught foreign languages as was the expectation for young Egyptian girls in an aristocratic setting.
|
|
The organizers of the society believed that women would be able to find employment much more easily in these locations than they were able to in England. They generally attempted to find women jobs as governesses or helpers for families. They also believed that women would be able to find husbands through these professions.
|
|
Alberto Assa Anavi was born in Haydarpaşa, a suburb in the Asian side of Constantinople. He was first educated by French and Swiss governesses, and later in a Lasallian French secondary school in Constantinople. He studied to be an educador at the University of Hamburg. He participated as International Brigadist in the Spanish Civil War.
|
|
Meta Mayne Reid was born to Marcus and Elvina Hopkins in Woodlesford, Yorkshire in 1905 and grew up there although her family was from Ulster in Ireland. She had one sister, Audrey. She was educated at home through governesses before going to Leeds Girls' High School. Mayne Reid went on to attend Manchester University.
|
|
Hans Siewert and Frida Siewert divorced in Hamburg in 1911. Siewert lived mostly with her mother in Berlin, but was raised by governesses. She attended the Hohenzollern lyceum in Berlin-Wilmersdorf, graduating in 1923 with a high school diploma (Obersekundarreife). Her schooling was interrupted only once, in 1915, for about a year and half.
|
|
Company lessons are held on the client company's premises. The DCEC governesses and governors travel to the location for a one- or two-hour class every week. The company provides lessons in various locations such as Tokyo, Saitama, Tsukuba, Chiba, Shiga, and Osaka.DCEC Company lessons webpage Retrieved January 18, 2011 DCEC's iTALK and email lessons are Web-based lessons.
|
|
Delap was educated at home by governesses until she was 15. At that point she went to school in Alexandra College, and from there to University College Dublin to study architecture. Before she finished college Delap married Hugh Alexander Delap on 27 July 1933 in Tullow parish church. With him she had two sons and two daughters.
|
|
Gray briefly attended a school in Dresden, Germany but was mainly educated by governesses. Gray's serious art education began in 1900 at the Slade School in London. Gray was a registered fine arts student at Slade from 1900 to 1902. Although fine arts education was typical for a young woman of Gray's class, Slade was an unusual choice.
|
|
English Nanny & Governess School (ENGS), founded in 1984 by Sheilagh Roth provides childcare education and training. Its graduates are employed in the United States and around the world as nannies and governesses. The school was originally located on the campus of Case Western Reserve University, in Cleveland, Ohio. It was relocated to Chagrin Falls, Ohio, in 1992.
|
|
Elizabeth's governess was Katherine Swynford, who was also Gaunt's mistress and later wife. Chaucer's words on the virtues of governesses were potentially influenced by this. The story is considered one of the moral tales, along with the Parson's tale and the Knight's tale. However, the fate of Virginius renders questionable the moral assertion at the story's end.
|
|
The Sisters, engraved by Timothy Cole, from the portrait-painting by William Page. Mapes, age four, is holding a doll. The daughters of Professor Mapes never went to school. They gained their education at home under the care of tutors and governesses, being carefully trained, not only in the usual English branches, but in French, drawing, music, and Latin.
|
|
In 1880, Hubbard established the Women's Emigration Society in order to promote and facilitate emigration. The group initially focused on emigration to Canada, but later expanded to New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States. Most women sought to become governesses or helpers for families. Emigration was also promoted as a way for single women to find husbands.
|
|
However, by 1870, Walterclough Hall had become a young ladies boarding academy. Elizabeth Ann Gregory ran the academy with her sister, Emma, and their sickly live-in brother, Charles. She employed four staff members. In 1871, there were two governesses, a cook, and a housemaid, and, in 1881, a governess, a cook, a kitchen maid, and a housemaid.
|
|
Fitzgerald was born in Laurens County, Georgia, January 29, 1834. She had three sisters and one brother. Fitzgerald's father was a prominent physician and owner of two plantations with several slaves. He provided governesses for childhood schooling for her and her siblings since there were no adequate public schools available in their rural area and he could afford it.
|
|
She hired Polish governesses to teach her daughters her native language, and sent or took them on visits to Poland. On 19 April 1906, Pierre Curie was killed in a road accident. Walking across the Rue Dauphine in heavy rain, he was struck by a horse-drawn vehicle and fell under its wheels, causing his skull to fracture.
|
|
321 Smiling Grand Duchess Maria, Finland, c. 1912 Grand Duchess Maria in 1913 Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana and Maria aboard the imperial yacht in 1914. Courtesy: Beinecke Library. One of the girls' governesses, Sofia Ivanovna Tyutcheva, was horrified in 1910 because Rasputin was permitted access to the nursery when the four girls were in their nightgowns.
|
|
Marguerite Ludovia Dale (; 22 October 1883 - 13 May 1963) was an Australian playwright and feminist. The daughter of Charles Ludovia Hume and his wife Celia Annie Maltby, she was born Marguerite Ludovia Hume in Boorowa. Her great-uncle was the explorer, Hamilton Hume. She was educated at home by governesses and then attended Ascham School in Sydney.
|
|
She was the daughter of Count and the Countess Marie Kwilecka, former lady-in-waiting to the Russian Empress and great-granddaughter of King Stanisław August Poniatowski. The count was keen on archaeology and collected ancient medals and coins. They spoke French and Polish at home, as well as Belarusian with servants. She was educated by governesses and teachers.
|
|
A Lesson in Music. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1964. Hauser was a difficult and mischievous child, raised during the First World War by her grandmother and a succession of governesses, while her mother ran the family business and her father worked in a German munitions plant. The Hausers remained in Strasbourg until the 1920s when they moved to Berlin.
|
|
Her mother's grandfather was William Drennan. All of the Duffin's daughters were privately educated by their mother and German governesses, and all seven of them attended Cheltenham Ladies' College. Duffin attended the College in May 1900, later attending a school in Shrewsbury in 1903, and took classes at the Belfast Art College. She was interested in pursuing a career in book illustration.
|
|
Her father was a Health Counsellor, natural scientist and writer. His first marriage was with the older sister of Sibylle's mother with whom he had had four children. Her paternal aunt Marie von Olfers was a major artistic influence. Sibylle grew up in a sheltered childhood and enjoyed, together with her brothers and sisters, education and teaching through governesses and private tutors.
|
|
The literary success of works published under her male pseudonym of David Lyndsay suggests that Dods had received a substantial education. Education for women was better in Scotland than in England in the 19th century, but still paltry. At most, women learned basic etiquette and household upkeep from hired governesses. Mary's education is attributed to the Scottish parish school system.
|
|
Franklin Delano Roosevelt spoke both German and French. He was raised speaking both, as his early education consisted of governesses from Europe preparing him for boarding school in his teens. In particular, he had a German governess and a French governess who taught him their respective languages. A Swiss governess, Jeanne Sandoz, furthered his studies in both languages,Harper (1996), 14.
|
|
Lord Hatherton married Hyacinthe Mary Wellesley, eldest illegitimate daughter of Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley and Hyacinthe-Gabrielle Roland, in October 1812. One of the governesses to their children (1821-1825) was Anna Brownell Jameson, later an author and art historian. Lady Hatherton died after a long illness on 6 January 1849. A daughter, Hyacinth Anne, had already died in 1847.
|
|
Salitre fever attracted thousands of foreigners who came from Europe and some of the United States. The "nitrate" or city offices located close to the mineral operations were a glorious time. Furniture, curtains, carpets were imported from France or England and foreigners also imported European governesses to educate their shoots. Amid this flood of foreigners who populated northern Chilean appeared Greece.
|
|
All the children received a broad early education from tutors and governesses, which included the study of five languages encompassing English, French, German, Italian and Polish. They also traveled to Europe to experience diverse cultures during their childhood. Gertsyk went on to further her education studying history and philosophy entering the Bestuzhev Courses in 1901, from which she graduated with honors in 1905.
|
|
Liddell was raised with the typical education of the time, taught by governesses and tutors. She was able to perform well on the violin and was a debutante, presented at Court. Although she was a noted archaeologist, she had been unable to get a formal education in archaeology. However she went on to become a significant figure in British archaeology.
|
|
He attended Bolshevik meetings at which Lenin and Trotsky spoke and came under suspicion as a possible spy. In February 1918, he escaped Russia with a party of English governesses and elderly invalids who travelled over ice through German lines. The party spent a night in the Åland Islands guarded by German troops. West arrived back in England via Stockholm.
|
|
Zuzanna Przeworska was born in Warsaw on 31 January 1919 in a Jewish-Catholic family. She was educated by governesses until the age of 12, and then studied in a progressive school. At the age of 16, she went to Roedean girl’s public school in Sussex. In 1938, she entered Somerville College in Oxford where she studied French and German.
|
|
Sewell was born on 6 April 1797 in Sutton, Suffolk. Her father, John Wright, and mother Ann Holmes, were farmers and had seven children, of which Sewell was the third. Her upbringing followed the Quaker principles. Originally taught by governesses at home, Sewell attended boarding school in Tottenham around 1811, while her father had sold his farm to invest in a ship.
|
|
Her father was a land agent, and the family lived at 27 Pembroke Place (later Pembroke Road), Dublin. At a young age, Harmsworth was a talented singer and piano player, who apparently could memorise the operas she heard performed in Dublin. She was educated by German and French governesses. The family later moved to a house named St Helena, Finglas.
|
|
The southern colonies held the belief that the family had the responsibility of educating their children, mirroring the common belief in Europe. Wealthy families either used tutors and governesses from Britain or sent children to school in England. By the 1700s, university students based in the colonies began to act as tutors.Urban, Wayne J. and Jennings L. Wagoner, Jr. American Education: A History.
|
|
Zsuzsi Roboz was born in Budapest. Her father, Imre Roboz, was the manager of the Comedy Theatre of Budapest (Vígszínház theatre), which specialised in operettas. Her mother, Edith Roboz, was a society hostess. As an only child, Roboz was raised largely by governesses and saw relatively little of her parents, but enjoyed spending time with them whenever their busy lives would permit.
|
|
Shelia Wright was born in Cawnpore, India and raised in India. Her father was an inspector general of police until his death when Sheila was 12 years old. She was subsequently raised by her mother, who also managed a sick animal sanctuary. Initially taught by her nanny and governesses until age 11, she then taught herself politics, philosophy and history.
|
|
Kie Oldham papers listing, with bio Eagle was reared on her father's farm. Her early education was conducted mainly at home, her mother having selected the tutors and governesses for her three daughters. Eagle attended Mrs Julia A. Tivis's school, Science Hill, Shelbyville, Kentucky, where she distinguished herself in all her classes. She graduated from that institution in June, 1872.
|
|
66–71 for the family history. His sister was Margaret King and one of the family governesses was Mary Wollstonecraft. On 9 December 1799, he married his first cousin Lady Frances Parsons, daughter of Laurence Harman Parsons, 1st Earl of Rosse and Lady Jane King (herself a daughter of the first Earl of Kingston). They had several children together, including two sons and five daughters.
|
|
In 1855, Josefina Deland founded the Svenska lärarinnors pensionsförening (The Society for Retired Female Teachers) to provide for retired female teachers and governesses. Being an educator was at the time one of the few professions available for an educated woman to support herself, which was at the time an important question for women.Chief editor: Nils Bohman, Svenska män och kvinnor. 2, C-F (Swedish Men and Women.
|
|
He was born at Klein-Flottbeck, Holstein (now part of Altona, Hamburg). His father, Bernhard Ernst von Bülow, was a Danish and German statesman and member of the Bülow family. His brother, Major-General Karl Ulrich von Bülow, was a cavalry commander during World War I . Bülow attributed his grasp of English and French to having learnt it from governesses as a young child.
|
|
They leave a message behind asking Carmilla and one of the governesses to follow once the perpetually late-sleeping Carmilla awakes. En route to Karnstein, Laura and her father encounter General Spielsdorf. He tells them his own ghastly story: At a costume ball, Spielsdorf and his niece Bertha had met a very beautiful young woman named Millarca and her enigmatic mother. Bertha was immediately taken with Millarca.
|
|
As customary in royal families, Louis-Charles was cared for by multiple people. Queen Marie Antoinette appointed governesses to look after all three of her children. Louis-Charles' original governess was Yolande de Polastron, duchesse de Polignac, who left France on the night of 16–17 July 1789, at the outbreak of the Revolution, at the urging of Louis XVI.Lever, Evelyne: Marie- Antoinette, Fayard, Paris, 1991, p.
|
|
Anne was born in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1856 to Henry Elliot, a surgeon, and his wife Ann (sic). Anne and her elder sister Emma Elliott (1850–1927) were educated at home. They ran a private school at Jesmond (now a suburb of Newcastle) in the late 1870s and both later held posts as governesses. They turned to novel writing some time in the 1880s.
|
|
Henry Blow had founded a Presbyterian church in St. Louis. Her grandfather was Captain Peter Blow, the owner of the slave Dred Scott, who later challenged the slavery issue in court. Due to her family's social status, Blow received her education from her parents, various governesses, private tutors, and schools. Her parents highly valued education for their daughters although this was uncommon for Victorian families.
|
|
1 His parents were described as having a "strong intellectual and clerical tradition," both grandfathers having been in the clergy. His father was a Professor of Anatomy at Trinity College Dublin, whilst his mother stayed at home. Elizabeth Browne, with the aid of servants and governesses, oversaw much of his upbringing; as a result he reportedly had a "warm and close" relationship with her.Andrew Cunningham pp.
|
|
Born Miriam Dorothy Newman, Newman was the daughter of Rebecca (Kiefer) and Isidore Newman, a New Orleans banker and businessman who later became known for his philanthropy. The Isidore Newman School in New Orleans was named for him in 1913. He was active in the New Orleans Jewish community, where he was also a founding member of B'nai B'rith. Miriam Newman was educated largely by governesses.
|
|
See "Tutors, Governesses, Clerks, &c.;: Caulfield Grammar School", The Argus, (Tuesday, 19 April 1881) p. 1, col. D. Davies later went to Korea as a missionary under the auspices of the Victorian Presbyterian church, having been ordained as Presbyterian minister at Scots' Church, Melbourne on 5 August 1889; he had broken from the Church of England and, through this act, also broken from the Church Missionary Society.
|
|
3336 The 5th Duke of Sutherland, the 14th Earl of Westmorland, and the 6th Earl of Warwick were her nephews. Forbes grew up at Dysart, Fife, near Kirkcaldy, and at Lady Anne's House near Stamford, Lincolnshire, now Lady Anne's Hotel. She was educated by German governesses. She grew to a height of almost six feet and was considered vivacious rather than pretty, unlike her sisters.
|
|
All of Elizabeth's children were cared for by governesses, as Báthory had been. Ferenc Nádasdy died on 4 January 1604 at the age of 48. Although the exact nature of the illness which led to his death is unknown, it seems to have started in 1601, and initially caused debilitating pain in his legs. From that time, he never fully recovered, and in 1603 became permanently disabled.
|
|
Van der Kiste, The Romanovs 1818–1959, p. 141. A commander of the Imperial horse Guards, Grand Duke Paul loved his children, but as was customary at the time, he refrained from showing them spontaneous affection. Dimitri and his sister were raised by governesses and tutors, while they adored their father who visited them twice daily.Van der Kiste, The Romanovs 1818–1959, p. 142.
|
|
Both texts also advocate the education of women, a controversial topic at the time and one which she would return to throughout her career, most notably in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Wollstonecraft argues that well-educated women will be good wives and mothers and ultimately contribute positively to the nation.Richardson, 25–27; Jones, "Literature of advice", 124; Myers, "Impeccable Governesses", 37–39.
|
|
Leo Carrington & Sons website She had three brothers: Patrick, Gerald, and Arthur. Educated by governesses, tutors, and nuns, she was expelled from two schools, including New Hall School, Chelmsford,New Hall School website. Retrieved 27 May 2011 for her rebellious behaviour, until her family sent her to Florence, where she attended Mrs Penrose's Academy of Art. She also, briefly, attended St Mary's convent school in Ascot.
|
|
Annie was a good tennis player, golfer, ice skater and billiards player. Willy Dod won the Olympic gold medal in archery at the 1908 Games, whilst Tony was a regional level archer and a chess and tennis player. The Dod children received a private education by tutors and governesses. In her childhood Lottie played the piano, banjo and she was member of a local choir.
|
|
The latter was Louis's great- aunt. It was for this occasion that Jean-Baptiste Lully composed the motet Plaude Laetare Gallia. He was initially under the care of royal governesses, among them being Julie d'Angennes and Louise de Prie de La Mothe-Houdancourt. When Louis reached the age of seven, he was removed from the care of women and placed in the society of men.
|
|
Vischering was taught at home by governesses. On April 25, 1875, Vischering and her brother Max received their First Communion. In April 1879, Vischering continued her education at the boarding school of the Sacré-Coeur Sisters in Riedenburg, in Bavaria. While there, she heard a homily on Psalm 45: "Listen, my daughter,... forget your father's house..., the king will fall in love with your beauty".
|
|
Behrens was born on 24 April 1904 in London, England. Her father was Noel Edward Behrens (1879–1967), a Jewish civil servant and banker who had inherited a large amount of money from his father. Her mother Vivien Behrens (1880–1961), the daughter of Sir Cecil Coward, was a Christian. She was educated at home by a series of governesses and never attended school.
|
|
An Anglo- Irish Protestant, she was educated by governesses before going to Alexandra College in Dublin and to study history in Newnham College, Cambridge. White became the Principal of Alexandra College in 1890. She worked in the position until 1932 when she retired. During her leadership Alexandra College became one of the places where a woman could get an education towards a college degree.
|
|
He was a good violinist, an expert fly-fisher, and very fond of the drama. His endurance was remarkable; he never seemed tired, and scarcely had a day's illness till attacked by Bright's disease. He was tall, dignified, and of good presence, of genial though keen expression, fond of a joke, and very hospitable. He rendered gratuitous aid to large numbers of clergymen, actors, authors, and governesses.
|
|
Keane was born Mary Nesta Skrine in Ryston Cottage, Newbridge, County Kildare. Her mother was a poet who wrote under the pseudonym Moira O'Neill; her father was a fanatic for horses and hunting. She grew up at Ballyrankin in County Wexford and refused to go to boarding school in England as her sibings had done. She was educated by her mother, governesses, and at a boarding school in Bray, County Wicklow.
|
|
She was born Sybil Katherine Burney in Queen's House, Royal Naval College on June 22, 1885. She was the daughter of Admiral Sir Cecil Burney and Lucinda Marion Burnett. Her brother was Dennistoun Burney, a marine, aeronautical engineer, and Conservative MP. As a child, she often lodged in different naval quarters, but these moves were always temporary. She was home-schooled by French and English women who were privately hired governesses.
|
|
Anne Patricia Dalgarno MBE (6 July 1909 - 6 May 1980) was an Australian politician, nurse and community leader. Dalgarno was born Anne Patricia Smith in Wrentham, Suffolk, to farmer Henry Patrick Smith and Mabel Christina, née Edwards. Cardinal Patrick Moran was her uncle. She had governesses before attending the Convent of the Holy Family in Littlehampton, Sussex, and migrated to Western Australia with her family when she was sixteen.
|
|
The property includes a farm which pre-dates the manor. It was altered several times, and under the Chaplin family served as staff accommodation, stables, a barn and a store. Another building, a garage dating from 1900 and renovated around 1980, had space for three vehicles plus staff accommodation on the upper floor. The Chaplin family employed up to thirteen staff: a secretary, nursery nurses, governesses, cooks, gardeners and chauffeurs.
|
|
In the imperial harem she was taught languages and culture by a set of masters, governesses, and Persian women versed in court manners, and in 1638 she was married to Aurangzeb becoming his secondary wife. After her marriage, she was given the name Rahmat-un-Nissa. A year later, she gave birth to Aurangzeb's first son, Prince Muhammad Sultan Mirza. He was born on 29 December 1639, at Mathura.
|
|
Duchess Auguste Charlotte Jutta (Judith) Alexandra Georgina Adolphine of Mecklenburg was born in Neustrelitz, the youngest daughter of the then Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Adolf Friedrich and his wife Princess Elisabeth of Anhalt.Pope-Hennessy, pp. 340-341. Along with her sister Marie, Jutta was raised by governesses and had little contact with her parents. The atmosphere of Carolinenpalais was noted for its rigor and need for etiquette.
|
|
Stevenson was born in Melville Street, Edinburgh, Scotland, on 18 November 1892. Her father was David Alan Stevenson, a lighthouse engineer and first cousin to author Robert Louis Stevenson; her mother Annie Roberts. A commemorative plaque marking the house where she spent her childhood was mounted at 14 Eglinton Crescent, Edinburgh in 2016. She began writing at a young age but hid her efforts because her parents and governesses disapproved.
|
|
Adèle de Pierre was born 1 April 1800. She was a member of one of the leading families of Neuchâtel, then a subject state of Prussia, whose court had a tradition of employing Neuchâtelois governesses. From 1851 to 1853, de Pierre was the educator of Princess Louise of Prussia at the Berlin court. King Wilhelm I later awarded her the title of canoness of the Lutheran Order of Magdeburg.
|
|
An only child, she was educated first by her doting parents and later governesses. Although Williams was only half Welsh by birth and never lived outside London, she incorporated Welsh phrases and themes in her poems and Sadie was considered a Welsh poet. Robert Williams died in January 1868 of a sudden illness. Already suffering from cancer and devastated by the loss of her father, Sarah's condition deteriorated.
|
|
Kathleen was born in Tipperary, Ireland, daughter of William de Vere Hunt, and related to Aubrey de Vere, the poet. She was educated by English and German governesses and moved to London at about 21 years of age. She trained as a nurse and married in 1879 Stephen Mannington Caffyn, a medical practitioner (1851–1896), who was born at Salehurst, Sussex. She moved with him to Sydney in 1880.
|
|
His two interests are Anton Chekhov and the British expatriate community in pre-revolutionary Russia. He wrote a biography of Chekhov's wife, the actress Olga Knipper. He co-translated Chekhov's early stories with Patrick Miles; this volume was later published in the Oxford World's Classics series. He wrote an account of English governesses in Russia, titled When Miss Emmie was in Russia (1977), reprinted in 2011 by Eland Books.
|
|
Initially Stella was his favourite, but by the time she reached puberty he frequently mocked her looks and size. Fortunately, her mother was a calm and stabilising influence. Until Stella reached the age of 13 she was educated at home by a succession of governesses, who never stayed long. The family's bookshelves provided reading material, and she developed a talent for storytelling with which she amused her young brothers.
|
|
McKee was educated mostly by a series of governesses, from whom he acquired an acute eye for the quality of evidence. However, his lack of paper qualifications was to prove a serious hindrance to his later career. The most unusual thing he did in his youth was to fly solo at the age of fifteen. In the Second World War, McKee served in the British Army and wrote war poetry.
|
|
She was educated by governesses, but the only subject in which she was given a higher education was music. From 1783 until 1791, Countess Eleonore von Münster was her governess, and won her affection, but never managed to teach her to spell correctly, as Caroline preferred to dictate to a secretary. Caroline could understand English and French, but her father admitted that she was lacking in education.Plowden, p.
|
|
Flora Sandes was born on 22 January 1876 in Nether Poppleton, Yorkshire, the youngest daughter of an Irish family. Her father was Samuel Dickson Sandes (1822–1914), the former rector of Whitchurch, County Cork, and her mother was Sophia Julia (née Besnard). When she was nine years old, the family moved to Marlesford, Suffolk; and later to Thornton Heath, near Croydon, Surrey. As a child she was educated by governesses.
|
|
Christie and her sister were educated at home by her parents and governesses. From an early age she made annual trips with her parents to Europe including Spain, Italy, Germany and the Low Countries. After her mother's death and her sister's marriage Christie continued to travel with her father and also alone or with a friend. She visited Egypt, Palestine and Syria and started to write about her trips.
|
|
The duchess ordered that her son's governesses continue receiving their annual salary. In November 1713, it became public that the Duke of Berry had taken as a mistress one of her chambermaids. In turn, Louise Élisabeth took as a lover, a certain "Monsieur La Haye", who had been preceded by Monsieur de Salvert. When her affair with La Haye became known, her husband threatened to have her sent to a convent.
|
|
The Governess of the Children of France (sometimes the Governess of the Royal Children) was office at the royal French court during pre-Revolutionary France and the Bourbon Restoration. She was charged with the education of the children and grandchildren of the monarch. The holder of the office was taken from the highest ranking nobility of France. The governess was supported by various deputies or under-governesses (sous gouvernantes).
|
|
He catalogs his sexual experiences including incest with his sisters Eliza and Mary, sex with his governesses, and his later sexual exploits with various male and female friends, and acquaintances. Besides incest, the book deals with a variety of sexual activities, including orgies, masturbation, lesbianism, flagellation, fellatio, cunnilingus, gay sex, anal sex, and double penetration. Taboo subjects such as homosexuality, incest, and pedophilia are common themes in the novel.
|
|
On her mother's side, she was descended from the aristocratic Poltoratsky family; her maternal grandfather was Serge Poltoratzky, the literary scholar and bibliophile who ended his days in exile, shuttling between France and England. His second wife, Ellen Sarah Southee, the daughter of an English gentleman farmer, grew up in Kent. She was related to poet Robert Southey. Their children had English governesses and grew up speaking English.
|
|
The family's Michigan Avenue home in Chicago was populated with servants, including gardeners and governesses, and he grew up in proximity of the scions of the city elite, including young relatives of Cyrus McCormick and Abraham Lincoln.Poole, The Bridge, pp. 10, 15-16, 26 and passim. Following high school graduation, Poole, an accomplished violinist, took a year off to study music, with a view to becoming a professional composer.
|
|
A scion of the Montt family, she was born in Viña del Mar, Chile, to Luz Victoria Montt y Montt and Federico Guillermo Wilms y Brieba. She was the couple's second daughter, and she had seven sisters. Educated by governesses and private tutors, she married Gustavo Balmaceda Valdés at the age of 17, against the will of her family. They had two children, Elisa "Chita" (1911) and Sylvia Luz (1913).
|
|
My father died very young, and there were certainly two, or more branches of the family, as ours was quite wealthy: we had in Lodz several domestics, two governesses (French and German) living with us etc. My father had a sister who settled in Israel and married there. I met her family on my [concert] tours in Israel. ... My family was, as far as religion is concerned, quite liberal, not practicing.
|
|
Both books also emphasize the importance of teaching children to reason, revealing Wollstonecraft's intellectual debt to the educational views of seventeenth-century philosopher John Locke.Richardson, 24–27; Myers, "Impeccable Governesses", 38. However, the prominence she affords religious faith and innate feeling distinguishes her work from his and links it to the discourse of sensibility popular at the end of the eighteenth century.Jones, "Literature of advice", 124–29; Richardson, 24–27.
|
|
Huxley, p. 19 Trudie continued her education in London, both at a day school in Queen's Gate, and later at home in Carlton House Terrace with a series of governesses, while her brothers were educated away from home at boarding school. At the age of sixteen, Trudie completed her formal education at a finishing school in Dresden.Huxley, p. 23 The poet, broadcaster and socialite Nadja Malacrida was her cousin.
|
|
Soon after her birth, the family were able to move into a large house, staffed by servants in Lowndes Square, Knightsbridge, West London. Helena was initially educated at home by governesses and attended Princess Helena College then located in Ealing followed by Cheltenham Ladies College in Gloucestershire. Her younger sister, Margaret Lowenfeld, also became a doctor and was a renowned pioneer in the fields of child psychology and psychotherapy.
|
|
Mount Washington. Workman was born January 8, 1859, in Worcester, Massachusetts, to a wealthy and elite family descended from the Pilgrims; she was the youngest of three children. Her mother was Elvira Hazard, and her father was Alexander H. Bullock, businessman and Republican Massachusetts governor. Fanny was educated by governesses before attending Miss Graham's Finishing School in New York City, after which she spent time in Paris, and then Dresden.
|
|
Ebrington Manor House, west front, 19th century engraving Lady Margaret Fortescue was born on 13 December 1923 at Ebrington Manor, Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire, the elder daughter of Hugh Fortescue, 5th Earl Fortescue (1888–1958), and his wife, the Hon. Margaret Helen Fortescue, née Beaumont (1892–1958), the daughter of Wentworth Beaumont, 1st Viscount Allendale. She was educated at home by governesses in Castle Hill, followed by a Swiss finishing school.
|
|
He visited relatives in France often, spending the beginning of World War I in Paris while his father sought to fight on the side of the French. Being rebuffed by France, Belgium and the United Kingdom, Prince Jean finally took his family back to Morocco and farming. In 1921 Henri's governesses were replaced with a series of preceptors, all coming from France. First among these was the abbé Carcenat from Auvergne.
|
|
Browne was born in Bridgwater in 1851. Both of her grandfathers fought at the Battle of Trafalgar.Sidmouth Philanthropist, 28 February 2012, Diana Bowerman, Sidmouth Herald, Retrieved 12 January 2017 She, her parents and her sister Mary moved to Clifton near Bristol. There she was educated by tutors and governesses before her family moved to London where she attended Queens College on Harley Street for a year in 1868.
|
|
Or: A good person likes to pay attention, if the other has evil intention, and strives by frequent didactic incursion, after his improvement and conversion. Many details from Helen Who Couldn't Help It criticize the way of life of the Kesslers. Johanna Kessler was married to a much older man and entrusted her children to governesses and tutors, while she played an active role in the social life of Frankfurt.Arndt, p.
|
|
Sophie Margaretta Almon Hensley (May 31, 1866 - February 10, 1946) was a Canadian writer and educator. She also published under the names Gordon Hart, J. Try-Davies and Almon Hensley. The daughter of Sarah Frances DeWolfe and Henry Pryor Almon, an Anglican minister, she was born Sophie Margaretta Almon in Bridgetown, Nova Scotia. She was first educated at home by her governesses and then continued her education in England and Paris.
|
|
In 1849, Wells Brown was invited to attend the International Peace Congress in Paris, to speak against slavery. Following passage of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, Brown decided to remain, lecturing and writing. In 1851 Clarissa and Josephine joined Wells Brown briefly in London, before being placed at a boarding school in Calais, France. In 1852, the girls returned to London, training at the Home and Colonial School to become teachers or governesses.
|
|
A slip of the tongue by Mrs. Dane (when she says “We had governesses”) reveals the presence of a cousin she has tried to conceal. This sets Sir Daniel on the right track and he follows up skillfully and mercilessly, finally drawing the confession out of her that she is indeed Felicia Hindermarsh and has taken her late cousin's identity. The truth is kept secret, though (mostly due to Lady Eastney's intervention), and Mrs.
|
|
Nurse Matilda arrives at the household of the Brown family and becomes a nanny to the innumerable Brown children. The Brown children are "exceedingly naughty" and frighten off many governesses in wonderfully mischievous ways -- until Nurse Matilda comes. She teaches the children to behave, and deals with the fearsome and pernickety Great Aunt Adelaide Stitch. In the end the children become good and decent, and Nurse Matilda leaves to attend another family of naughty children.
|
|
217–218 including 44 members of the Royal Family and nobility, with a number of governesses, nurses, maids and manservants, plus several hundred cases of luggage. About 35 officer’s cabins were vacated and additional bunks were installed, with the Empress taking over the Captain's cabin. On the morning of 12 April the ship anchored off Halki Island, about from Constantinople, due to some uncertainty over the final destination for the former Russian Royal family.
|
|
Accompanied by governesses and tutors, the Steins endeavored to imbue their children with the cultured sensibilities of European history and life. After a year-long sojourn abroad, they returned to America in 1878, settling in Oakland, California, where her father became director of San Francisco's streetcar lines, the Market Street Railway, in an era when public transportation was a privately owned enterprise. Stein attended First Hebrew Congregation of Oakland's Sabbath school.Rosenbaum (1987), p. 21.
|
|
Born in 1875, Hagner spent much of her childhood in the Washington, D.C. neighborhood of Lafayette Square. Hagner’s father, Dr. Charles Evelyn Hagner and her mother, Isabella Wynn Davis Hagner both died in 1892, leaving 16 year old Belle responsible for caring for her three younger brothers. Hagner's uncle was Alexander Burton Hagner, Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Hagner was educated by governesses and in private schools.
|
|
After one year the arrangement was made permanent. Crawford became one of the governesses of Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret. Following the abdication of King Edward VIII in 1936, the Duke of York ascended the throne as King George VI, and Elizabeth became the heir presumptive. Crawford remained in service to the King and Queen, and did not retire until Princess Elizabeth's marriage in 1947, Crawford herself having married two months earlier.
|
|
Between 1873 and 1888, one hundred and six girls graduated in seven cohorts. In 1888, bishop Theodosius converted the orphanage to a diocesan school for girls. For its extension, Theodosius contributed twenty thousand rubles, and invested another ten thousand, the proceeds of which paid for the maintenance of the school. Graduates of the school received certificates that allowed them to become governesses or teachers, and half of them taught in parochial schools.
|
|
Young Viktoria and her sisters, Sophie (left) and Margaret (right). Viktoria was her parents' fifth child and second daughter. Three months after her birth, on 18 June 1866, Viktoria's nearly two-year-old brother, Sigismund, died of meningitis. Following this event, Viktoria's mother chose to raise her younger children herself, as opposed to leaving them in the care of tutors and governesses as she had with her older children, Wilhelm, Charlotte, and Henry.
|
|
In the New England Colonies, the first settlements of Pilgrims and the other Puritans who came later taught their children how to read and write in order that they might read and study the Bible for themselves. Depending upon social and financial status, education was taught by the parents home-schooling their children, public grammar schools, and private governesses, which included subjects from reading and writing to Latin and Greek and more.
|
|
Hamilton spent a great deal of her youth at Harrow, England, where her younger brother was attending boarding school, and in London. The family holidayed in Ireland, which she preferred due to the space and freedom she had there. Hamilton received a comprehensive education from a number of governesses, a master for arithmetic, and her brother's tutor providing Latin tuition. Her main interest was art however, later confessing to avoiding Latin classes to draw.
|
|
A Governess's Duties, Outback House (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). The position of governess used to be common in well-off European families before the First World War, especially in the countryside where no suitable school existed nearby. Parents' preference to educate their children at home—rather than send them away to boarding school for months at a time—varied across time and countries. Governesses were usually in charge of girls and younger boys.
|
|
During her travels, the young Edith became fluent in French, German, and Italian. At the age of nine, she suffered from typhoid fever, which nearly killed her, while the family was at a spa in the Black Forest. After the family returned to the United States in 1872, they spent their winters in New York City and their summers in Newport, Rhode Island. While in Europe, she was educated by tutors and governesses.
|
|
Mary Aline Mynors Farmar was born in Englefield Green, Surrey, the third child of Colonel Harold Mynors Farmer and his wife Violet née Dalby. As a child, she had 16 governesses. When she asked her mother why they kept on leaving, her mother reportedly told her: "Because none of them like you, darling." Wesley had a lifelong complicated relationship with her family and especially with her mother, who had a sharp tongue.
|
|
Michel Angelo Immenraet painted allegorical, history, religious and genre scenes as well as portraits. Aside from the painting cycle in the Unionskirche, Idstein not many of his works are known. The earliest known work by him is the Double portrait of Odila en Phillipine van Wassenaer as Shepherdesses of 1661 ('Hofje van Nieuwkoop', The Hague). The portrait depicts the two young governesses of het 'Hofje van Nieuwkoop' as shepherdesses in an Arcadian landscape.
|
|
In the late nineteenth century, education was sharply divided along gender lines, a tradition that Virginia would note and condemn in her writing. Boys were sent to school, and in upper-middle- class families such as the Stephens, this involved private boys schools, often boarding schools, and university. Girls, if they were afforded the luxury of education, received it from their parents, governesses and tutors. Virginia was educated by her parents who shared the duty.
|
|
Sophie was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on 21 May 1801. She was the daughter of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and his wife, Frederica of Baden. After her birth, she was raised under the supervision of the royal governesses Hedvig Ulrika De la Gardie and Charlotte Stierneld in succession. Sophie was eight years old when her father was deposed by the Coup of 1809 and she left Sweden with her family.
|
|
In 1853, she founded a Birmingham school in her former residence, Sandwell, when she and her husband moved to Patshull Hall, near Wolverhampton. Laetitia Frances Selwyn ran Sandwell School which was open to girls to train as domestic servants. By the time it closed in 1891 it had extended its range to governesses and even industrial jobs irrespective of gender.A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 17, Offlow Hundred (Part), british-history.ac.
|
|
"Being a Queen Didn't Quite Work Out, but on This Cooke's Tour Hope Springs Eternal", People, March 9, 1981, Vol. 15, No. 9.IMDb biography After her mother's death, Cooke and her half-sister, Harriet Townsend, moved to a New York City apartment across the hall from their maternal grandparents, Helen (Humpstone) and Winchester Noyes, the president of J.H. Winchester & Co., an international shipping brokerage firm. They were raised by a succession of governesses.
|
|
Built by Thomas Shelbourne in Early English style, it has an 1860 memorial window and monument to the Marquess of Bristol. In 1860, contributions and legacies totaled £1319, and pupils' payments, £2,812. In 1877, the Handbook for Travellers to Sussex described the school as "an excellent institution for education orphan daughters of clergymen as governesses, on payment of £20 per annum". The Hall was expanded in 1920 when daughters of laymen were admitted.
|
|
She was educated at home with her sister by governesses and learned French, Latin and Greek due to her father's influence. She taught in the local Sunday school and helped her father as he lost both his hearing and sight. His death in 1859 left the family unable to survive and they had to rely on relatives for support. They moved to Ballickmoyler, Queen’s County, Ireland where her mother's family had a home.
|
|
Mary Catherine or May Guinness was born in Rathfarnham, County Dublin on 11 March 1863. She was the third of the seven children of solicitor, Thomas Hosea Guinness and Mary Davis, the only daughter and heiress of Charles Davis of Coolmanna, County Carlow. Through her father, she was a descendant of Arthur Guinness. She was educated at home, by both French and German governesses, and attending Mrs Power's school, leaving to teach her younger siblings.
|
|
This gave rise to the cart's name, as they were frequently used by governesses to transport their child charges. The governess rode in the cart with the passengers, where they could easily be observed. The cart was also relatively safe, being difficult to either fall from, overturn, or to injure oneself with either the horse or wheels. The governess cart was a relatively late development in horse-drawn vehicles, appearing around 1900 as a substitute for the dogcart.
|
|
Bear-Crawford was born in East Melbourne, her family was wealthy and she spent her childhood in Australia and England. She had three brothers and five sisters. Their father believed in giving his daughters 'every educational advantage' and Annette was taught by governesses in Australia and England before attending Cheltenham Ladies' College, Gloucestershire. After some time in France and Germany she trained in social work in England, gaining experience of work in city slums and in London's New Hospital.
|
|
Quentin Lawrence, the television director, was his nephew. Sir Paul's sisters Penelope, Dorothy, and Millicent founded Roedean School; their Lawrence great aunts had been governesses and school teachers, mainly in Liverpool, earlier in the century. Educated at Malvern College, he read for the bar at Lincoln's Inn and was called to the bar in November 1882, after which he practiced on the Northern Circuit. He took silk in 1896 and began a practice at the Chancery bar in London.
|
|
Vita was initially taught at home by governesses and later attended Helen Wolff's school for girls, an exclusive day school in Mayfair, where she met first loves Violet Keppel and Rosamund Grosvenor. She didn't befriend local children and found it hard to make friends at school. Her biographers characterise her childhood as one filled by loneliness and isolation. She wrote prolifically at Knole, penning eight full-length (unpublished) novels between 1906–1910, ballads, and many plays, some in French.
|
|
According to Hannah Pakula, biographer of the future German empress, the first two governesses of the princess were therefore particularly well chosen. Experienced in dealing with children, Lady Lyttelton directed the nursery through which passed all royal children after Victoria's second year. The diplomatic young woman managed to soften the unrealistic demands of the royal couple. Sarah Anne Hildyard, the children's second governess, was a competent teacher who quickly developed a close relationship with her students.Pakula 1999, p. 21.
|
|
From this union nine children were born, six boys and three girls. Only six children survived infancy. Having himself received a limited schooling, Marks set great store by education and saw to it that the children were taught at home by governesses – boys until the age of eight, girls until the age of twelve and then they were sent to private schools in England. Sammy could speak 5 different languages and had a great mind for business.
|
|
Once the limits on Jewish students were lifted by the general Prussian law of 1848, recruitment to Übungsschule collapsed, Knapowska 1930, p. 131 Luisenschule-educated governesses were very sought-after.Johanna Ilmakunnas, Marjatta Rahikainen, Kirsi Vainio-Korhonen, Early Professional Women in Northern Europe, c. 1650-1850, London 2017, , p. 258 In the mid-1840s the Poles-dominated Provinzialstände, local self-government bodies, asked that a Catholic school for girls be set up in Posen;Knapowska 1930, p. 151.
|
|
She lived in an upper-middle class country house in Hertfordshire and was educated at The Grange in Hoddesdon (the only girl at the time), and later at home by her mother and governesses. Emily Faithfull, an early women's rights activist, was her cousin. Both of Faithfull's parents were opinionated about issues such as femininity and social class, but were not radicals. Faithfull entered Somerville College of Oxford University in 1883, just four years after it was established.
|
|
In the early 19th century cities, most women were housewives. However, some were employed, chiefly as domestic laborers, unskilled workers, prostitutes, nuns (in Catholic areas), and teachers; a few were governesses, washerwomen, midwives, dressmakers, or innkeepers. The great majority of Canadian women lived in rural areas, where they worked at home, or as domestic servants, until they married and became housewives. British women, such as Maria Rye, set up organizations to help girls and women emigrate to Canada.
|
|
From the beginning, Guildford High School, founded by the Church Schools Company in 1888, was a progressive school. While some early girls' schools were designed to enhance the knowledge and skills of prospective governesses, Guildford High School sought to provide a feminine counterpart to the reformed public schools for boys. The current site on London Road was completed in 1893 and is still in use. During the post-World War II years, the school underwent rapid expansion.
|
|
She and her sister were raised by two aunts and their grandmother and moved between the family homes in the country and Dublin, living occasionally with cousins. Taaffe was educated at home by French governesses and finished her education in Paris. Her sister went on to become a teacher, Sr Mary Ignatius of the Presentation Sisters in Midleton. May 29, 1867 she married John Joseph Taaffe of Smarmore Castle Co. Louth in St. Michael's Church, Dún Laoghaire.
|
|
Women who were middle-class or above were limited to roles as governesses by social convention. This created a dramatic shortage of qualified elementary teachers. She was initially worried about the difficulties that middle-class women would face working in schools with members of lower social classes, but ultimately decided that such sacrifices would be justified because education was a noble cause. Otter College assured middle-class parents that their daughters would be educated around women of similar backgrounds.
|
|
During World War II, Maj Errold Ashworth Sidney Cosby rejoined his regiment and, being fluent in the Russian language, performed the role of interpreter in the Persian Gulf. Mrs Cosby remained at Stradbally Hall to tend to the couple's children for the duration of the war. She opened a girls school in the house during the 1950s, allowing the girls to board and to tend to their ponies on the estate. Three governesses were responsible for their education.
|
|
" Another former Cadet Org member, Melissa Paris, says that the Sea Org governesses regularly hit the children, who also ganged up on each other. On one occasion, she writes, she was thrown down the stairs by one governess, which led to a rare intervention from her father. Paris lived at Stonelands between the ages of four and twelve. She recalled that her day started around 7am, when "we'd muster – we'd all stand in a line, according to divisions.
|
|
215 Infanta Beatriz and her sister Maria Cristina, two years her junior, yearned to go to private schools like the daughters of the nobility who frequented the palace as their playmates, but, following Spanish tradition, they were educated by governesses and private tutors.Puga & Ferrrer, 20 Infantas de España, p. 215 They studied languages, history, religion and took piano and dancing lessons. García Louapre, Cinco días con la infanta Beatriz de Borbón y Battenberg hija de Alfonso XIII, p.
|
|
5 It was an artistic household: his father was an amateur painter of marine subjects, and his mother was musical.Delaney, J. G. P. "Ricketts, Charles de Sousy (1866–1931), artist and art collector", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2019 Ricketts spent his early childhood in Lausanne and London, and his early teens in Boulogne and Amiens. Except for a year at a boarding-school near Tours he was educated by governesses.
|
|
Verschoyle was born in Limerick and raised in Castle Troy on the banks of the River Shannon, where she was privately educated by governesses. She was born into the Verschoyle family, a prominent landed family of Dutch descent, the daughter of Captain Frederick Thomas Verschoyle, who had been a 2nd Brig. South Irish Div. R.A. and was now a Land Agent, and his wife Hilda Caroline Hildyard Blair who was part of the Plantagenet Roll of Blood Royal.
|
|
Joseph Bennet Little, her landowner father, lost his money through gambling and, after receiving a good education from governesses, she and her sisters had to move to London as adults to earn a living. She was both wife and literary companion to Ernest Percival Rhys whom she met at a garden party given by Yeats. They married in 1891 and sometimes worked side by side in the British Museum. Her first novel, Mary Dominic, was published in 1898.
|
|
Woodward was born on 3 October 1862 in Chelsea, London. Her father Henry Woodward, was an eminent scientist and the Keeper of Geology at the Natural History Museum in London. As a child, Woodward was educated at home by governesses, along with her four sisters and two brothers (she was the fourth of seven). From a young age the children were encouraged to draw, with all of the sisters eventually becoming artists and all of the brothers becoming scientists.
|
|
Armitt and Mary both discussed their ambitions with John Ruskin, who told Mary to just do womanly things but encouraged Armitt to study art. In 1882, Armitt and Mary received a legacy and retired together to Hawkshead; later, after being widowed, Annie joined them. They continued their cultural interests, talking to artists, writers, and educationalists like Charlotte Mason and Frances Arnold. Mason, who ran a school for governesses, published the Parents Review, for which Armitt wrote articles.
|
|
Young was born in Galgorm Castle, Ballymena, County Antrim, daughter and seventh of twelve children born to Grace Charlotte Savage, and John Young who was a prosperous unionist and high sheriff. Despite his position he was a believer in tenant rights. Her younger sister was the writer Ella Young and her brother Willie Young was secretary of the Ulster Unionist League. Young was educated by governesses until 1884 before completing training as a teacher through Cambridge University.
|
|
She was educated by governesses until being awarded a scholarship to attend Manchester Municipal Secondary School at the age of thirteen. In 1905 she gained a first-class matriculation which enabled her to enter the University of Manchester. She received the Higginbottom scholarship in 1907 and in 1909 graduated with a first-class honours degree in physics. White obtained a Master of Science degree from the University of Manchester in 1910 and was elected Beyer fellow of the university.
|
|
In order to prevent the young pupils from distracting from training, all the windows of the establishment were thickly smeared with chalk, so there was no way to look out onto the street. Leaving the walls of the Elizabeth Institute, girls, as a rule, became governesses. Everyone noted that they were the wildest governess, since the presence of the man at the table led the girls into a terrible embarrassment. Girls were not adapted to life.
|
|
Constance Maynard was born in 1849 in Highbury, Middlesex to an upper-middle-class family. She was one of four daughters and two sons of Henry Maynard (1780-1888) a South African merchant, and his wife Louisa née Hillyard (1806-1878). She grew up in Hawkhurst, Kent, in the house of Oakfield. Her two brothers attended boarding school, while she and her sisters were educated at home by governesses, except for one year at Belstead School in Suffolk.
|
|
Charlotte was the fourth of the fourteen children of the prosperous banker John Thornton (1764–1835) by his marriage to his second wife, born Maria Elisabeth Grupen. John Thornton's ancestors were from England, where he still had family connections. His wife came originally from Celle where her father's work involved, among other things, international finance between Hamburg and England. Charlotte's education came largely from governesses: she learned English, French, dancing, piano playing and the social accomplishments appropriate to her expected station in life.
|
|
Teaching was not quite as easy to break into, but the low salaries were less of the barrier to the single woman than to the married man. By the late 1860s a number of schools were preparing women for careers as governesses or teachers. The census reported in 1851 that 70,000 women in England and Wales were teachers, compared to the 170,000 who comprised three-fourths of all teachers in 1901. The great majority came from lower middle class origins.
|
|
Dorothy Estelle Esmé Innes Ripper was born in Stockwell, London, the only child of Harry Innes Ripper (1871–1956), a stockbroker, and Minnie Maude née Pitt (1874–1940).Hoare, Philip. "Tyson, (Dorothy Estelle) Esmé Wynne- (1898–1972)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 16 March 2010 (subscription site) Educated first by governesses, then at an English boarding school and at a Belgian convent, she became a child-actress, taking the stage name Esmé Wynne in 1909.
|
|
Following the collapse in value of their mining investments, the Wynne brothers pulled out of German mining in 1908, and refocused on local Irish projects. This focused Wynne's mother on her daughters need to develop a vocation to support themselves, encouraging them in intellectual and creative pursuits. Wynne was most likely educated at home by governesses. She trained in designing patterns for damask work from around December 1901 to March 1902 at Andrew S. Robinson Designing Rooms, Wellington Place, Belfast.
|
|
Helen Beatrix Potter was born on July 28, 1866 to barrister Rupert William Potter and his wife Helen (Leech) Potter in London. She was educated by governesses and tutors, and passed a quiet childhood reading, painting, drawing, tending a nursery menagerie of small animals, and visiting museums and art exhibitions. Her interests in the natural world and country life were nurtured with holidays in Scotland, the Lake District, and Camfield Place, the Hertfordshire home of her paternal grandparents.MacDonald 1986, pp.
|
|
Pakula 1999, p. 274. In addition, the crown princess did not want to leave her children for long periods of time. After Sigismund's death, the royal family grew with the arrival of four new children between 1866 and 1872. While the elder children (Wilhelm, Charlotte and Henry) were left in the care of governesses, the younger ones (Sigismund, Victoria, Waldemar, Sophie and Margaret) were raised personally by Victoria, which was a point of conflict with both her mother and mother-in-law.
|
|
Newport High School is an all-girls school with academy status in Newport, Shropshire, England. The school was opened in the 1919 by a group of female governesses as a single-sex day school to provide a high-quality education for local girls. The school is selective and is an all-girls intake with an intake of 90 students per year. Previously, from 2003, the school took 56 students a year, rising to 84 in 2013 and increasing further to 90 in 2019.
|
|
Her brother Col. Michael Albert Astley Birtwistle was a High Sheriff of Lancashire, and she was a cousin of race horse trainer Monica Dickinson (née Birtwistle), the mother of Michael Dickinson. She is the grandmother of Marine Sam Alexander killed while on a patrol in 2011 Afghanistan in 2011 by an improvised explosive device (IED). She was educated by governesses until she was 11, and then at the Convent of the Sacred Heart, Brighton; Rye St Antony, Oxford; and St Mary’s Convent, Ascot.
|
|
As no young actress could be found who resembled her mother, she was given the part. In her scenes in the film she was filmed in bed, as she was much older in real life than the character she played. She was also an extra in the 1936 David O. Selznick production, The Garden of Allah. In order for Dietrich to keep her daughter close to her, Riva was not permitted to attend school; instead she had governesses who saw to her education.
|
|
Mark's older sister, Jeannette, known in her youth as "Gussie" would grow up to become a writer and a professor at Mount Holyoke College. Their parent's marriage was estranged and the girls lived with their mother, periodically in Philadelphia, as well as at their home on Lake Champlain, near Westport, New York. The family dynamic was marked by indifference and ambivalence, without close ties. Though well-to-do, the girls were mostly taught at home sporadically by a stream of governesses.
|
|
Traditionally, governesses taught "the three Rs" (reading, writing, and arithmetic) to young children. They also taught the "accomplishments" expected of middle-class women to the young ladies under their care, such as French or another language, the piano or another musical instrument, and often painting (usually the more ladylike watercolours rather than oils) or poetry. It was also possible for other teachers (usually male) with specialist knowledge and skills to be brought in, such as, a drawing master or dancing master.
|
|
Bassett was born in Melbourne to academic parents, Sir David Orme Masson, a professor of chemistry, and his wife Mary, née Struthers. She grew up in and around the University of Melbourne. Bassett received most of her education at home from governesses, although when she was 17 for three months she attended a girls' grammar school run by the Church of England. She became her father's secretary, but managed to attend history lectures at the university, particularly those of Ernest Scott.
|
|
Reed sends Jane to Lowood Hall, a school for other charity girls where they will learn to be governesses. At Lowood, Jane is desperate to be loved and accepted, but learns from her friend Helen Burns to be more patient and seek solace in prayer and her own conscience. Helen Burns dies, and Jane weathers a typhoid epidemic at the school. Over time, Jane gets a good education and becomes a particular friend of Miss Maria Temple, the school's principal.
|
|
In 1892 her father was elected to parliament and he also became the sole owner of Leverett & Frye. Her father's achievements were recorded in the fourteen year old Katherine's diary.Elizabeth Crawford, ‘Frye , Katharine Parry (1878–1959)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2014 accessed 21 Nov 2017 In 1902 she attended the Shakespearean actor Ben Greet's Acting Academy where she learnt about the stage. She had been trained by governesses which she later realised was an inadequate education.
|
|
Anna Pappritz was born in Radach, Drossen, Neumark on 9 May 1861 to a Protestant family from Dresden. Her father was a landowner, and she grew up on the Radach estate at Drossen. She was the only girl in the family, but had three brothers who were educated at the Klosterschule in Rossleben and then went to university. Anna was given sufficient education at home by governesses and the local pastor for a future career as a wife and mother.
|
|
Violet Asquith was born in Hampstead, London, England, and grew up in a heavily political environment, living in 10 Downing Street at the time her father occupied it, and socialising with the key political figures of her day. She did not go to school, but was educated at home by governesses, and later sent to Paris and Dresden to improve her languages. Her mother, Helen Kelsall Melland, died of typhoid fever when Violet was only four. Her stepmother was Margot Tennant.
|
|
After a period of teaching at Jersey Ladies' College, St Helier, Joynt was one of two governesses who assisted the first lady principle of the MacArthur Hall of residence for girls, Methodist College Belfast, Elizabeth C. Shillington, in 1891. She also taught German whilst working there. She left this post in 1894 to continue her studies in Paris, Florence, and Heidelberg. Upon her return, she took up a position in Alexandra College in December 1895, teaching German and English literature.
|
|
Helen Beatrix Potter was born on 28 July 1866 to barrister Rupert William Potter and his wife Helen (Leech) Potter in London. She was educated by governesses and tutors, and passed a quiet childhood reading, painting, drawing, visiting museums and art exhibitions, and tending a nursery menagerie of small animals. Her interests in the natural world and country life were nurtured with holidays in Scotland, the Lake District, and Camfield Place, the Hertfordshire home of her paternal grandparents.MacDonald 1986, pp.
|
|
Teaching was not quite as easy to break into, but the low salaries were less of the barrier to the single woman then to the married man. By the late 1860s a number of schools were preparing women for careers as governesses or teachers. The census reported in 1851 that 70,000 women in England and Wales were teachers, compared to the 170,000 who comprised three- fourths of all teachers in 1901. The great majority came from lower middle class origins.
|
|
However, much of the girls' education took place at home, under the tutelage of English governesses Miss Cole and Miss Flowers, and family friends such as Prosper Mérimée and Henri Beyle. In March 1839, on the death of their father in Madrid, the girls left Paris to rejoin their mother there. In Spain, Eugénie grew up into a headstrong and physically daring young woman, devoted to horseriding and a range of other sports. She was rescued from drowning, and twice attempted suicide after romantic disappointments.
|
|
Escombe's first book, Bits I Remember, published under the pseudonym "A Grown-Up" (1892), gives an entertaining account of her childhood and her education by governesses and in boarding school. Also humorous and subtle are some later novellas about women and marriage. A Tale that is Told (1893, republished by the British Library in 2010) and Stucco and Speculation (1894, likewise republished by the British Library in 2011) both involve experimental marriages. Two other novellas, Love's Ghost and Le Glaive, were published in one volume in 1903.
|
|
On 3 May 1837 Sophia Mort married William Allbut. At least as early as 1840 Sophia and William were living together in Northwood, Hanley, Staffordshire with Dorothy Mort (Sophia's mother), Elizabeth Mort (Sophia's sister), their children, a few governesses, and seven (or more) pupils. During their time in Northwood, Sophia and Elizabeth Mort ran a boarding and day school for young ladies, teaching them English education, needlework, and other skills. This school was advertised in William Allbut's newspaper the Potteries Mercury in December 1840.
|
|
Her behaviour veered in between troublesome and well-mannered. She sometimes threw tantrums and hit her governesses, though she also often had a calm disposition and family-minded ways. She strongly disliked the political tensions that by 1780 had sprung up between her elder brothers and their parents, and preferred to occupy herself with her coin collection. As all her sisters were, Augusta was sheltered from the outside world so much that her only friends were her attendants, with whom she kept up a frequent correspondence.
|
|
The Lodge is now Freeland House Nursing Home.Minster Care brochure with image of Freeland House The Taunton family had sold the Lodge by 1875–76, when Marion Taunton had St Mary's House built as a home for retired governesses. In 1952 a Church of England convent of the Community of Saint Clare moved to the house and in 1960 a Gothic Revival chapel designed by the architect Henry Gordon was added. Freeland grew as a ribbon development along the Via Regia between Eynsham and Charlbury.
|
|
Sophia's early life was focused on education. Lady Charlotte Finch served as her governess, a role she performed for all the royal children. As with the strict education and discipline received by her brothers, Lady Charlotte through the sub-governesses chosen by Queen Charlotte arranged expert tutors to give the princesses lessons in English, French, music, art, and geography; Sophia and her sisters were also allowed to play sports and boisterous games with their brothers. The queen sought to combine her daughters' entertainments with educational benefits.
|
|
The formerly named St. John's Episcopalian church currently houses classrooms, and features as the College's logo. The earliest part of the college is St. John's Episcopalian church, which was built in 1840. The church was used by the local community, which included young women from the Governesses Seminary in Warren Place. A Brief History of the College A second building on Sawmill Street, Buckingham House, was built in the mid 19th Century, and was used as a female refuge and penitentiary until its closure in 1901.
|
|
Marie-Geneviève-Charlotte Thiroux d'Arconville was born Marie- Geneviève-Charlotte Darlus to Françoise Gaudicher and Guillaume Darlus on 17 October 1720. Her father was a tax farmer or farmer-general; they collected taxes for the state and usually kept some for themselves. Thiroux d'Arconville's mother died when she was four and her education was left in the hands of multiple governesses. As a young child, she enjoyed sculpture and art however when she learned to write at age eight, writing books became a new interest.
|
|
Advice from a Father to his Daughter was a translation of a text on morality written by George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax. In the preface of the translation Thiroux d'Arconville discussed how unqualified governesses often raised daughters because mothers did not want to raise them. In 1759, she translated Peter Shaw’s Chemical Lectures, at the encouragement of Macquer. Thiroux d'Arconville did not hesitate to fix any errors in Shaw's work and added information on the history of practical chemistry to the beginning of Shaw's text.
|
|
Spence had a talent for writing and an urge to be read, so it was natural that in her teens she became attracted to journalism. Through family connections, she began with short pieces and poetry published in The South Australian. Catherine and her sisters also worked as governesses for some of the leading families in Adelaide, at the rate of sixpence an hour. For several years, Spence was the South Australian correspondent for The Argus newspaper writing under her brother's name until the coming of the telegraph.
|
|
Using the Bible as their textbook, the children learned to read and write.Towns, Elmer L., "History of Sunday School", Sunday School Encyclopedia, 1993 In 18th-century England, education was largely reserved for a weathly, male minority and was not compulsory. The wealthy educated their children privately at home, with hired governesses or tutors for younger children. The town-based middle class may have sent their sons to grammar schools, while daughters were left to learn what they could from their mothers or from their fathers' libraries.
|
|
Bell (Volume I), pp. 5–6 Davidson was educated by his mother and a succession of governesses and private tutors, before being sent, aged 12, to a small private school at Worksop in the English Midlands. The teaching there was inadequate; in particular, Davidson regretted all his life his lack of grounding in Latin and Greek.Bell (Volume I), p. 10 Henry Montagu Butler and Brooke Foss Westcott, inspirations at Harrow In 1862, at the age of 14, Davidson became a pupil at Harrow School.
|
|
Beatrix Potter and Kep (1913) Helen Beatrix Potter was born on 28 July 1866 to barrister Rupert William Potter and his wife Helen (Leech) Potter in London. She was educated by governesses and tutors, and passed a quiet childhood reading, painting, drawing, visiting museums and art exhibitions, and tending a nursery menagerie of small animals. Her interests in the natural world and country life were nurtured with holidays in Scotland, the Lake District, and Camfield Place, the Hertfordshire home of her paternal grandparents.MacDonald 1986, pp.
|
|
9 associated with dissenting Protestant congregations, influential in 19th century England, that affirmed the oneness of God and that rejected the doctrine of the Trinity. Beatrix was educated by three able governesses, the last of whom was Annie Moore (née Carter), just three years older than Beatrix, who tutored Beatrix in German as well as acting as lady's companion.Lear 2007, p. 55 She and Beatrix remained friends throughout their lives, and Annie's eight children were the recipients of many of Potter's delightful picture letters.
|
|
Helen Beatrix Potter was born on 28 July 1866 in London to barrister Rupert William Potter and his wife Helen (Leech) Potter. She was educated by governesses and tutors, and passed a quiet and solitary childhood reading, painting, drawing, tending a nursery menagerie of small animals, and visiting museums and art exhibitions. Her interests in the natural world and country life were nurtured with holiday trips to Scotland, the English Lake District, and Camfield Place, the Hertfordshire home of her paternal grandparents.MacDonald 1986, pp.
|
|
The scheme, as refined by Fordyce, consisted in salaried governesses, each accompanied by an assistant or ayah, making regular visits to higher- caste Hindu households to provide elementary education for the ladies there, the costs of such visits being met from a monthly subscription paid by the head of the house. The governesses were to be accommodated free in an institution devoted to the cause: in the first instance they would be drawn from Fordyce’s orphanage and from orphans trained there to become teachers – to which end he established a Normal School department within the Institution.Calcutta Review, No. L, Vol. XXV (1855), p. 88, and Miscellaneous Notices xxx-xxxiv. He embarked on a programme of consultation, persuasion and negotiation with influential Hindu (notably the Tagore) families “to overcome their scruples, learn their objections, and gain their support”.Rev. E. Storrow, Our Indian Sisters (The Religious Tract Society, 1899), pp. 209-215. He produced a series of pamphlets (“Flyleaves for Indian Homes”) containing “short, strong and striking appeals to husbands and fathers”, which circulated widely in India.Mary Weitbrecht, The Women of India and Christian Work in the Zenana (James Nisbet & Co., 1875), p. 71.
|
|
First-class passengers also traveled accompanied by personal staff—valets, maids, nurses and governesses for the children, chauffeurs, and cooks. American socialite Margaret Brown Members of the British aristocracy made the trip: The Countess of Rothes, wife of the 19th Earl of Rothes, embarked at Southampton with her parents, Thomas and Clementina Dyer-Edwardes, and cousin Gladys Cherry. Colonel Archibald Gracie IV, a real estate investor and member of the wealthy Scottish-American Gracie family, embarked at Southampton. The Cavendishes of London were among other prominent British couples on board, as well.
|
|
The family's finances did not flourish, and Aunt Branwell spent the money with caution. Emily had a visceral need of her home and the countryside that surrounded it, and to leave it would cause her to languish and wither.which had happened whenever she left Haworth for any length of time such as at Miss Wooler's school, or when teaching in Law Hill, and during her stay in Brussels. Charlotte and Anne, being more realistic, did not hesitate in finding work and from April 1839 to December 1841 the two sisters had several posts as governesses.
|
|
This establishment provided a home for her aging parents and invalid younger sister. By this point she had reconciled herself to her fate: "I own that the life of a governess would not have been my choice, but I am content." Not all governesses were oppressed and isolated; she says on a return visit that the Martin family treated her "more as a daughter than as an humble 'gouvernante'". She went with the Martins to Houghton Hall, then in the possession of Horace Walpole, admiring the famous collection of paintings there.
|
|
This long-lasting and loving relationship can be evidenced by excerpts in Louis' journal entries, such as: > "Nature was responsible for the first knots which tied me to my mother. But > attachments formed later by shared qualities of the spirit are far more > difficult to break than those formed merely by blood." It was his mother who gave Louis his belief in the absolute and divine power of his monarchical rule. During his childhood, he was taken care of by the governesses Françoise de Lansac and Marie-Catherine de Senecey.
|
|
Her younger sister Agnes married Herbert Jekyll, a younger brother of the garden designer Gertrude Jekyll. She was educated at home by governesses, at Langley Hall near Manchester and later at 54 Lowndes Square in London. Her father's background in "trade" limited her opportunities in London society, but according to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, she was one of the first young unmarried women in London to entertain her own guests. Through her father's patronage of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, she became known to the artists Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Edward Burne-Jones.
|
|
Jellett was born in Wellington Row to John Hewitt Jellett who was a clergyman, mathematician, and provost of Trinity College Dublin (TCD), and his wife Dora Charlotte Morgan (1823–1911) who was from Tivoli, Co. Cork. Jellett was initially educated by governesses from Germany and later sent to Alexandra college. She was one of the early women students, matriculating in 1897, who attended courses in the Catholic University School of Medicine, St Cecilia St., Dublin. She transferred to TCD in 1904 once women were permitted to attend that college.
|
|
As the known universities on the Disc are solely for wizards (who must be male – see Unseen University), and most other higher education institutions on the Disc do not admit females, there is no clear lifelong aim for the school's alumnae. Susan Sto Helit describes it as "an education in, well, education" (Hogfather). It appears that those students who do not marry upon leaving school generally go into the teaching profession themselves, or become governesses. Staff include Miss Butts, the Headmistress; Miss Delcross, the Biology mistress; and "Iron Lily", the gym mistress.
|
|
He was born in Santiago, Chile, the son of Carlos Aldunate Errázuriz and Adriana Lyon Lynch, and was the second of four siblings: Carlos, the eldest, plus two younger sisters, María and Pelagia. From a wealthy family, he was educated by governesses brought from England, so he learned to speak English before Spanish. In 1928, the Aldunate Lyon family moved to England, where they remained until 1930. José Aldunate studied at the Jesuit college Stonyhurst College, in Lancashire, with his brother Carlos, while his sister attended at Saint college in London.
|
|
All the children received a broad early education from by tutors and governesses, which included the study of five languages encompassing Polish and Italian, among others. They also traveled to Europe to experience diverse cultures during their childhood. Continuing her education, she was prepared for gymnasium following the curriculum of the Moscow Nobles Boarding School (ru) by the poet, M. A. Carlin (), from whom she developed a passion for writing. Gertsyk studied at the Moscow Women's Gymnasium and after graduating, studied art history, literature and philosophy on her own.
|
|
The school was the first of its kind in America, with a full academic faculty dedicated exclusively to educating nannies and governesses. The school was invited to represent the child-care and nanny profession at the Conference on Childcare at The White House by the First Lady, Hillary Clinton. It has appeared in newspaper and magazine articles, including The Times, The New York Times and W, as well as on radio shows and television programs. The television shows include Good Morning America, Fox News, Larry King Live and Nightline.
|
|
Elizabeth speaks French fluently, learning from a succession of governesses who were native speakers. During World War II, then- Princess Elizabeth joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service and participated in a Vehicle Maintenance Course at Aldershot; the length of the course is variously reported as six weeks and three weeks. Historian David Starkey described Elizabeth II in his 2007 television documentary series Monarchy as poorly learned, comparing her to a "housewife" in terms of cultural refinement and intellectual curiosity. According to The Telegraph, his comments prompted rebuttals from several sources.
|
|
In 1847 the first lectures took place, the Committee of Education was established under the chair of F. D. Maurice, and number 45 was purchased. In December of the same year, the first certificates were issued. Meanwhile, it was decided to extend the reach of the education on offer to women who were not governesses. The Waiting Room The establishment of the College was met with criticism by the press, F. D. Maurice was forced to defend the intention of teaching mathematics to women against claims of its 'dangerous' consequences.
|
|
He was the eldest of five children born to Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Horatio Kitchener (1805–1894) and his first wife Anne Frances Chevallier (1826–1864). Among his siblings was the military commander Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener. He spent his early life in Tralee in Ireland, where he and his siblings received their education from governesses and tutors. Kitchener joined the British Army in 1866 and was commissioned into the 46th (South Devonshire) Regiment of Foot, before joining the newly created Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry when it was founded in 1881.
|
|
In 1771, the two elder Princesses started travelling to Kew to take lessons under the supervision of Lady Charlotte Finch and Miss Frederica Planta. The Princesses, who had formerly been very close to their brothers now saw little of them, except when their paths crossed on daily walks. In 1774, Martha Goldsworthy, or "Gouly" became the new head of their educations. The Princesses learned typically feminine pursuits, such as deportment, music, dancing, and arts, but their mother also ensured that they learned English, French, German, Geography, and had well-educated governesses.
|
|
Huidobro was born into a wealthy family from Santiago, Chile. He spent his first years in Europe, and was educated by French and English governesses. Once his family was back in Chile, Vicente was enrolled at the Colegio San Ignacio, a Jesuit secondary school in Santiago, where he was expelled for wearing a ring that he claimed was a wedding ring. In 1910 he studied literature at the Instituto Pedagogico of the University of Chile, but a good part of his knowledge of literature and poetry came from his mother, poet María Luisa Fernández Bascuñán.
|
|
He was baptised into the Russian Orthodox Church and spent his childhood partly in the Caucasus (with forays into Azerbaijan and Chechnya) and partly in Ukraine, where a series of French and English governesses educated him and his sisters at home. As an adolescent of 14, he was sent north, far from the mountains of the Caucasus, to school in St Petersburg at the Imperial Alexander Lycée. Schooling completed, he passed on to the University there. As an undergraduate, he was profoundly, if imperceptibly, affected by the philosophy lectures.
|
|
In contrast, Frederick's mother Sophia was polite, charismatic and learned. Her father, George Louis of Brunswick-Lüneburg, succeeded to the British throne as King George I in 1714. Frederick was brought up by Huguenot governesses and tutors and learned French and German simultaneously. In spite of his father's desire that his education be entirely religious and pragmatic, the young Frederick, with the help of his tutor Jacques Duhan, procured for himself a three thousand volume secret library of poetry, Greek and Roman classics, and French philosophy to supplement his official lessons.
|
|
They were brought up as agnostics, despite the Congregationalist and Anglican backgrounds of their parents. After initially being educated at home by French and German governesses, she was sent to the co-educational Bedales School, Hampshire and then trained as a nurse and midwife at Queen Mary Maternity Hospital in Hampstead, qualifying in 1925. She worked initially in the east end of London. Although she was born into wealth, she became committed to the socialist principles of her parents and devoted much of her life to philanthropy and political activity through local government.
|
|
Some people in Collinsport claimed that the widows still walked the hill 150 years later as ghosts. The wailing sounds coming from the hill were believed to be the sobbing widows, rather than the wind, and some old-timers in town claimed to have seen them walking the hill from a distance. By 1967, three people had thrown themselves off the cliff. Josette Collins jumped to her death because she was being pursued by her "lover" and would rather die than welcome his attentions, and the two others were Collinwood governesses.
|
|
Pamela Digby was born in Farnborough, Hampshire, England, the daughter of Edward Digby, 11th Baron Digby, and his wife, Constance Pamela Alice, the daughter of Henry Campbell Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare. She was educated by governesses in the ancestral home at Minterne Magna in Dorset, along with her three younger siblings. Her great-great aunt was the nineteenth-century adventurer and courtesan Jane Digby (1807–1881), notorious for her exotic travels and scandalous personal life. Pamela was to follow in her ancestor's footsteps, and has been called "the 20th-century's most influential courtesan".
|
|
Emily Lytton was born on 26 December 1874 in Paris,Emily Lutyens, Making Britain: Discover how South Asians shaped the nation, 1870-1950, The Open University. the daughter of Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton and Edith Villiers, Countess of Lytton. She was brought up in Lisbon, India (where her father was Viceroy from 1876 to 1880) and Knebworth House, where she was educated by governesses. From 1887 to 1891 she lived in Paris, where her father was British ambassador, and became a correspondent of the elderly Norfolk clergyman Whitwell Elwin.
|
|
In 1920 Brazil lifted the law of banishment against its former dynasty and invited them to bring home the remains of Pedro II, although Isabelle's grandfather the Count d'Eu died at sea during the voyage. But after annual visits over the next decade, her parents decided to re-patriate their family to Petropolis permanently, where Isabelle attended day school at Notre-Dame-de-Sion while the family took up residence at the old imperial Grão Pará Palace. Until then, Isabelle was privately educated by a series of governesses and tutors.
|
|
Christiana Hartley was born at Colne in Lancashire in 1872, the daughter of Sir William Pickles Hartley, the manufacturer and philanthropist who founded the Hartley's jam company and Margaret O’Connor Horsfield.Cheryl Law, Women: A Modern Political Dictionary; I B Tauris, 2000 p77 She was educated at home by governesses and at private schools.Who was Who, OUP online, 2007 The Hartley family were Primitive Methodists and their philanthropy and approach to social affairs was governed by their religious principles. Christiana was actively involved with the Church Street, Methodist Church in Colne.
|
|
In the recreated world of the series, the family running the station were "squatters", who had taken over an abandoned property. In addition, the participants included the considerable number of staff required on an outback sheep farm: overseers, shepherds, governesses, station hands, cooks and maids.Kermond, Clare: Out of the past, The Age, 9 June 2005. The "Oxley Downs" sheep station was constructed from scratch at a secret location in western New South Wales (later revealed to be just outside Dubbo), because the producers couldn't find an existing property in authentic condition.
|
|
In 1815, she wrote her first book, Private Education, or, A Practical Plan for the Studies of Young Ladies: with an address to parents, private governesses, and young ladies, she dedicated the book to the Countess of Leven. In 1825, Appleton married John Lachlan, a clergyman, buying him an advowson. Over the next few years, the Lachlans would suffer severe financial hardships, which started with the bankruptcy of her uncle. In 1832, John moved to Dunkirk to escape his debts, while Elizabeth attempted to re-establish her school.
|
|
The family is described as harmonious; the parents of Louise lived in a happy loving relationship, not in an arranged marriage, and Louise was particularly close to her brother, with whom she corresponded until her death. Louise and her sister were educated by governesses, except for a brief period at Texter's girls school in Darmstadt. In 1914, Louise and her mother visited the Russian Empire, and were invited to a trip down the Volga with their Imperial relatives. During her visit, Louise noted the influence of Rasputin with concern.
|
|
Leonora Ethel Polkinghorne (née Twiss) (1873 – 11 May 1953) was an Australian women's activist and writer. Polkinghorne was born in Ballarat, Victoria, but subsequently moved to South Australia as a child. She was a teacher before her marriage, teaching mathematics and French at the Christ Church Day School in North Adelaide and later becoming co-principal. She became involved in politics around 1909, when she became a founding member of the Women's Non- Party Association of South Australia (later the League of Women Voters) and honorary treasurer of the short-lived Registered Governesses Association.
|
|
Marian Le Cappellain was born in 1851 in Jersey. She studied in Guernsey and then went to England and studied the classics at York. In 1872, she and her sister, Ada, came to Costa Rica to work as governesses in the employ of the doctor José María Montealegre, after having left a similar post for Rafael Zaldívar, a Salvadoran politician who would later become president of El Salvador. The sisters founded a private school and gave English lessons to families in San José until 1886, when Marian returned to Europe.
|
|
On business days, both parents were absent from the home, with Julie Kafka working as many as 12 hours each day helping to manage the family business. Consequently, Kafka's childhood was somewhat lonely, and the children were reared largely by a series of governesses and servants. Kafka's troubled relationship with his father is evident in his (Letter to His Father) of more than 100 pages, in which he complains of being profoundly affected by his father's authoritarian and demanding character; his mother, in contrast, was quiet and shy. The dominating figure of Kafka's father had a significant influence on Kafka's writing.
|
|
Aunt Branwell also gave them books and subscribed to Fraser's Magazine, less interesting than Blackwood's, but, nevertheless, providing plenty of material for discussion. She was a generous person who dedicated her life to her nieces and nephew, neither marrying nor returning to visit her relations in Cornwall. She died of bowel obstruction in October 1842, after a brief agony, comforted by her beloved nephew Branwell. In her last will, Aunt Branwell left to her three nieces the considerable sum of £900 (about £95,700 in 2017 currency), which allowed them to resign their low-paid jobs as governesses and teachers.
|
|
Most dialects realize as the alveolar tap or alveolar trill . However, for the last 200 years the uvular approximant has been gaining ground in Western and Southern Norwegian dialects, with Kristiansand, Stavanger, and Bergen as centers. The uvular R has also been adopted in aspiring patricians in and around Oslo, to the point that it was for some time fashionable to "import" governesses from the Kristiansand area. In certain regions, such as Oslo, the flap has become realized as a retroflex flap (generally called "thick L") , which exists only in Norway, a few regions in Sweden, and in completely unrelated languages.
|
|
Wesley's father was a military man and was often away from home, stationed abroad, leaving young Wesley in the care of various nannies and governesses. The death of someone and/or a funeral often form the background of Wesley's story and triggers off the plot; the characters are then faced with a new situation which they have to adjust to. Poppy tries desperately to cling to the past with its comfortable safety by welcoming her boyfriend's return. Her patience and indulgence towards him is frustrating, if not painful, to witness, but eventually she reaches the point where personal development becomes imperative.
|
|
Abigail Greene Aldrich Rockefeller was born in Providence, Rhode Island, as the fourth child to Senator Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich and Abigail Pearce Truman Chapman. The majority of her childhood was divided between Providence and Warwick Neck in Rhode Island, and Washington, D.C. Owing to her father's prominence as a congressman, Rockefeller was introduced at an early age to elevated political circles. Notable amongst the figures that her parents entertained were Senator William Allison, Senator Eugene Hale, Senator William Frye, General Ambrose Burnside, William McKinley, Mary Lee, and Elizabeth Custer. Her early education came at the hands of Quaker governesses.
|
|
Jane Findlater was born in Edinburgh but the first twenty years of her life were spent in Lochearnhead where her father was minister of the Free Church of Scotland. The family were not well-off, life at the manse was conservative, and the sisters' life was rather restricted. Their close relationship was of great importance to them, and continued for their entire lives. They were taught by governesses, including Annie Lorrain Smith before she trained as a botanist, listened to stories told by family, friends and servants, and started writing from an early age, both together and individually.
|
|
The last illustration shows the mouse dancing a jig. Helen Beatrix Potter was born on July 28 1866 to barrister Rupert William Potter and his wife Helen (Leech) Potter in London. She was educated by governesses and tutors, and passed a quiet childhood reading, painting, drawing, tending a nursery menagerie of small animals, and visiting museums and art exhibitions. Her interests in the natural world and country life were nurtured with holidays in Scotland, the Lake District, and Camfield Place, the Hertfordshire home of her paternal grandparents.MacDonald 1986, pp. 1–4 Potter's adolescence was as quiet as her childhood.
|
|
Born on 15 June 1890, Brookes was the only child of a Melbourne lawyer H. Emmerton and his wife. After being withdrawn from kindergarten by her mother in order to avoid 'developing a bad accent', Mabel described her childhood as a lonely one; she was educated by her father and a series of governesses. While recuperating from an illness in The Briars in Mornington, she heard from her grandmother, Emma Balcome, of her Balcombe ancestors who lived in The Briars in Saint Helena at the time of the exile of Napoleon. She developed a fascination with Saint Helena and Napoleon's exile there.
|
|
Pyotr Stepanovich's associates Lyamshin and Liputin take advantage of their role as stewards to alter proceedings in a provocative way, and allow a lot of low types in without paying. The reading starts with the unscheduled appearance on stage of a hopelessly drunk Captain Lebyadkin, apparently for the purpose of reading some of his poetry. Realizing the Captain is too drunk, Liputin takes it upon himself to read the poem, which is a witless and insulting piece about the hard lot of governesses. He is quickly followed by the literary genius Karmazinov who is reading a farewell to his public entitled "Merci".
|
|
In addition, her father had 18 junior wives and acknowledged concubines, as well as some 42 acknowledged children, including her half-brother Oei Tjong Hauw. The two Oei sisters as daughters of Oei's senior wife lived with their father and were educated at home by a string of European tutors and governesses in Semarang, receiving a thoroughly modern upbringing by the standards of the times. This mirrored the westernization of the Cabang Atas in colonial Indonesia from the late nineteenth century onwards. In addition to her native Malay, Hui-lan acquired fluent English and French, and decent Hokkien, Mandarin and Dutch.
|
|
She and her two full sisters were all considered beautiful by London society; one sister married Henry Agar-Ellis, 3rd Viscount Clifden and the other wedded Lord Charles Bruce. Lady Augusta, herself a lover of science, encouraged her daughters to read books on serious subjects such as botany, geography, and natural science. Frequent visits to the National Gallery and the Vernon Gallery fostered in Charlotte a love of art, and she was fond of music and history. Languages were another focus of Charlotte's education; under the care of foreign governesses, she eventually became fluent in French and German.
|
|
Marie Louise was born in Rome in 1870 as Maria Luisa Pia Teresa Anna Ferdinanda Francesca Antonietta Margherita Giuseppina Carolina Bianca Lucia Apollonia di Borbone-Parma, the eldest daughter of Robert I, Duke of Parma and his first wife, Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. The couple produced eleven more children before Maria Pia died in childbirth in 1882. Later, Duke Roberto remarried Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal and had twelve more children. Marie Louise, who was twelve at the time of her mother's death, was brought up in Biarritz and Switzerland under the care of English governesses.
|
|
Born on 8 September 1931, Guinness was the second son of the author and brewer Bryan Guinness and Diana Mitford; his elder brother was Jonathan. Bryan succeeded as the 2nd Baron Moyne in November 1944. Desmond's mother divorced the then Bryan Guinness after five years and married the head of the British fascist Blackshirt movement, Oswald Mosley, in Berlin in 1936. Due to Mitford's interest in fascism, her father-in-law had arranged for surveillance, including by one of Guinness's governesses, from 1935 onwards, and MI5 even noted a plan for her to visit Hitler with her sons.
|
|
When the College was separated from the Governesses' Benevolent Institution in 1853, a new Governing Council was established, with the 'Visitor', the Bishop of London as its figurehead, an arrangement which continues to this day. Following the resignation of Maurice in 1853, Richard Chenevix Trench became the first Principal and took over as Chair of the Committee of Education. The college had resisted attempts to become, or merge with, a college of London University. The Lady Resident Eleanor Grove and linguist Rosa Morison had left together in the 1880s because of this and they returned to lead College Hall, London.
|
|
321 However, one of the girls' governesses, Sofia Ivanovna Tyutcheva, was horrified in 1910 that Rasputin was permitted access to the nursery when the four girls were in their nightgowns and wanted him barred. Nicholas asked Rasputin to avoid going to the nurseries in the future. The children were aware of the tension and feared that their mother would be angered by Tyutcheva's actions. "I am so afr(aid) that S.I. (governess Sofia Ivanovna Tyutcheva) can speak ... about our friend something bad," Anastasia's twelve-year-old sister Tatiana wrote to their mother on March 8, 1910.
|
|
The choice of central character allows Anne to deal with issues of oppression and abuse of women and governesses, isolation and ideas of empathy. An additional theme is the fair treatment of animals. Agnes Grey also mimics some of the stylistic approaches of bildungsromans, employing ideas of personal growth and coming to age, but representing a character who in fact does not gain in virtue. The Irish novelist George Moore praised Agnes Grey as "the most perfect prose narrative in English letters," and went so far as to compare Anne's prose to that of Jane Austen.
|
|
After his birth, he was raised under the supervision of the royal governesses Hedvig Ulrika De la Gardie and Charlotte Stierneld in succession. When he was ten years old, his father was deposed by the Coup of 1809 and the family was forced into exile. The Gustavian party tried to get him accepted as crown prince in 1809 and 1810, but were unsuccessful. Queen Charlotte, wife of the new king, was one of the leading figures of the Gustavian Party, and often visited ex-queen Frederica in her house arrest and worked for prince Gustav to be acknowledged as heir to the throne.
|
|
Miss Elsie Palmer, John Singer Sargent, painted at Ightham 1889-90 Palmer built a house that would eventually become Glen Eyrie Castle, Scottish for "Valley of the Eagle's Nest," in 1871 near Colorado Springs, as a home for his wife and family. While they lived there, Queen taught at Colorado Springs' first school. Glen Eyrie, Colorado Springs Palmer had apartments in London and New York, a castle near Mexico City, and property throughout Colorado. The Palmers traveled frequently with their children and governesses to New York and London for William's business and lived part-time at Glen Eyrie in Colorado.
|
|
This resulted in a mix of Burgundian and Spanish customs when the Austrian court model was created. In 1619, a set organisation was finally established for the Austrian Imperial court which came to be the characteristic organisation of the Austrian-Habsburg court roughly kept from this point onward. The first rank of the female courtiers was the Obersthofmeisterin (Mistress of the Robes), who was second in rank after the empress herself, and responsible for all the female courtiers. Second rank belonged to the ayas, essentially governesses of the imperial children and heads of the children's court.
|
|
The System was aimed at rendering the young Princess Victoria weak and dependent, and thus unlikely to adhere to her other relatives in the House of Hanover against her mother and Conroy. Young Victoria was never allowed to be apart from either her mother, her tutor, or her governesses, Baroness Lehzen and the Duchess of Northumberland. She was kept isolated from other children; her mother and Conroy strictly monitored and recorded her every action and entirely controlled whom she was allowed to meet. Victoria had only two playmates during her adolescence: her half-sister, Princess Feodora of Leiningen, and Conroy's daughter, Victoire.
|
|
Her second name, Charlotte, was for her mother's favourite sister, Maria Carolina of Austria, queen consort of Naples and Sicily, who was known as Charlotte in the family. Marie-Thérèse's household was headed by her governess, Princess Victorie of Rohan-Guéméné, who later had to resign due to her husband's bankruptcy and was replaced by one of the queen's closest friends, Yolande de Polastron, Duchesse de Polignac. The actual care was however given by the sub governesses, notably Baroness Marie Angélique de Mackau. Louis XVI was an affectionate father, who delighted in spoiling his daughter, while her mother was stricter.
|
|
Anna is a charming child who sees the good in everything and everyone: her cousin Sergei, her younger brother Petya, and all of her multiple governesses. She has lived her whole life being pampered and adored by her father, fussed over by the servants, and cosseted by her mother. However, she is forced to flee Russia after the Bolsheviks seize power and her father dies in The First World War. Forced to depend on the charity of her governess, Pinny, Anna takes a position as a housemaid at Mersham, home of Rupert Frayne, Earl of Westerholme.
|
|
After her father's early death, she was brought up in his Bohemian home, Schloss Ronsperg, in accordance with the Anglophile ideas of the time, and so, in view of the fact that her mother was an invalid, doubly in the hands of nurses and governesses. A convent education led to the Mary Ward Institute in St. Pölten, near Vienna, and Countess Ida entered a novitiate in 1923. Doubting her vocation, she took up lay work and was soon deeply involved in the German Youth Movement. She graduated from the Social Women's School in Freiburg where she studied church history.
|
|
Lady Evelyn Stewart Murray was born at Blair Castle in Perthshire, Scotland on 17 March 1868, the youngest daughter of John Stewart-Murray, 7th Duke of Atholl, and his wife, Louisa Moncreiffe, daughter of Sir Thomas Moncreiffe, 7th Baronet. Murray received a typical Victorian aristocratic education being tutored by governesses at home. At an early age she became interested in Gaelic and was encouraged by her father who was a fluent, enthusiast for the language. From 1887 to 1891, she collected more than 240 Gaelic folk tales and songs from Gaels in and around the Atholl estate.
|
|
She was born Pamela Wyndham-Quin on 29 April 1925 at 66 Oxford Terrace, Paddington, London, the third and youngest daughter of Royal Navy Captain Valentine Maurice Wyndham-Quin (1890–1983), and his wife, Marjorie Elizabeth Wyndham-Quin, née Pretyman (1897–1969). Her father was the younger son of Windham Wyndham-Quin, 5th Earl of Dunraven and Mount- Earl, and her mother was the daughter of Ernest George Pretyman, a Conservative Party politician and MP, and a former civil lord of the Admiralty. She was educated at home by a long series of governesses, and had two older sisters, Ursula and Mollie.
|
|
In 1546, she and her spouse where appointed governor and governess to the Dauphin, and subsequently became the main governor and governess to all the children of king Henry II of France and Catherine de Medici. The royal children were raised under their direct supervision, under the orders of Diane de Poitiers. As head governor and governess, the d'Humières couple headed the staff of the royal nursery, staff of about 250 people, which included tutors and governesses of lower rank, who attended more directly to each of the children. Among them was notably Marie- Catherine Gondi, who served as sub-governess.
|
|
George Basevi designed the Hall in the Early Tudor style in 1836, "with mullioned windows and a cross above the central gable", and the Marquess of Bristol donated nine acres of land to build the school. Rev. Henry Venn Elliott founded the school for the "daughters of poor clergy" in 1836. Elliott chose to locate the Hall in Brighton because "the Prince Regent had made it a popular place to live", and Elliott believed there would be many wealthy families in that locale seeking governesses. Early school registers, however, do not show many graduates were thus employed.
|
|
She was motivated to establish a mid-wife training scheme for women in isolated areas. On another occasion, to prevent the possibility of naive female migrants succumbing to the adverse influences of urban life, Angela Francis trained several young females as governesses. In 1863 the residents presented a petition to government signed by 30 residents, called for the construction of a bridge over Oxley Creek which had the effect of halving the distance to the Brisbane markets. The creek had recently been bridged upstream at Oxley during the construction of a new road from Ipswich to Brisbane.
|
|
Helen Beatrix Potter (, US , 28 July 186622 December 1943) was an English writer, illustrator, natural scientist and conservationist; she was best known for her children's books featuring animals, such as those in The Tale of Peter Rabbit. Born into an upper-middle-class household, Potter was educated by governesses and grew up isolated from other children. She had numerous pets and spent holidays in Scotland and the Lake District, developing a love of landscape, flora and fauna, all of which she closely observed and painted. Potter's study and watercolours of fungi led to her being widely respected in the field of mycology.
|
|
Consuelo Vanderbilt was largely dominated by her mother, who was determined that her daughter would make a great marriage like that of her famous namesake. In her autobiography, Consuelo Vanderbilt described how she was required to wear a steel rod, which ran down her spine and fastened around her waist and over her shoulders, to improve her posture.Stuart, Amanda Mackenzie, Consuelo and Alva Vanderbilt: The Story of a Daughter and Mother in the Gilded Age, Harper Perennial, 2005, , p. 69 She was educated entirely at home by governesses and tutors, and learned foreign languages at an early age.
|
|
Dr. David Rowlands Monument, St. Mary's Church, Cardigan, Wales Dr. David D. Rowlands, M.D., F.R.S., F.A.S. (1778–1846) was a Welsh naval surgeon, who became the Inspector of H.M. Hospital and Fleets for the Royal Navy. He had the distinction of being the Surgeon for the Royal Navy at Halifax when he treated the wounded of , including Captain Philip Broke, after the renown Capture of USS Chesapeake during the War of 1812. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Fellow of the Antiquarian Society. He also supported the Governesses' Benevolent Institution in London (1844).
|
|
Vaughn frequently played a “pleb”, or a commoner in the films she acted in (waitresses, maids, charwomen, governesses, and saleswomen) but "the characters she embodied did not lack ... character!" A fixture at MGM in the sound era of the early 1930s, she acted in more than 50 films. Her most notable films were 1933's Dinner at Eight where she was memorable as Jean Harlow's blackmailing maid, as well as Today We Live (1933), Chasing Yesterday (1935), and Charlie Chan at the Wax Museum (1940). She appeared on Broadway, and in 1924 toured as the lead in "Rain," based on a story by W. Somerset Maugham.
|
|
Born in Baltimore in 1851, Mary Frick Garrett Jacobs (née Mary Sloan Frick) was one of three children. Her father was a prominent attorney, and her mother was a descendant of Sir George Yeardly, who had been appointed governor of Virginia and was knighted by James VI and I in 1618. Throughout her childhood, she was educated by governesses and tutors and was not permitted to leave home without the accompaniment of a tutor or family member. In 1872, Mary wed Robert Garrett, the oldest son of John W. Garrett, who was president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and Robert Garrett & Sons Bank.
|
|
Rather like leafing through a Victorian lady's scrapbook." More critical, Booklists Jay Freeman noted that "while serious historians will find little of value here, royalty junkies can have a field day." A collector of original historical photographs, over the next few years Zeepvat compiled and wrote two photographic books, one of Queen Victoria's family and another of the Romanovs. The Contemporary Review noted of Zeepvat's 2006 work From Cradle to Crown: British Nannies and Governesses at the World's Royal Courts, "By the extensive use of manuscript collections, official records and published memoirs Miss Zeepvat has uncovered a now vanished world and answers these questions.
|
|
At various times, her governesses were native speakers of English, French, and German. When she was 8 or 9 years old, she was intrigued by a foretaste of what she was to learn later in her lessons in calculus; the wall of her room had been papered with pages from lecture notes by Ostrogradsky, left over from her father's student days. She was tutored privately in elementary mathematics by Iosif Ignatevich Malevich. The physicist Nikolai Nikanorovich Tyrtov noted her unusual aptitude when she managed to understand his textbook by discovering for herself an approximate construction of trigonometric functions which she had not yet encountered in her studies.
|
|
The unmarried women were ridiculed, and the ones who wanted to avoid social descent could work as unpaid housekeepers living with relatives; the ablest could work as governesses or they could become nuns.John C. Fout, ed. German Women in the Nineteenth Century A significant number of middle-class families became impoverished between 1871 and 1890 as the pace of industrial growth was uncertain, and women had to earn money in secret by sewing or embroidery to contribute to the family income. In 1865, the Allgemeiner Deutscher Frauenverein (ADF) was founded as an umbrella organization for women's associations, demanding rights to education, employment, and political participation.
|
|
Swarup Rani's daughters' names were anglicized from 'Nanhi' and 'Beti', to 'Nan' and 'Betty' by their English governesses, and Jawaharlal was tutored in English poetry. Swarup Rani however, was a key influence on him. An early family portrait has Victorian-looking style, and Jawaharlal sits in a sailor suit, however, Swarup Rani and the other Nehru women in the household exerted a traditional Hindu influence on him. Despite becoming increasingly unwell herself, Swarup Rani went to much effort to keep at bay 'the evil eye' from those who were envious or who excessively admired her only surviving son, by applying a black dot on his forehead.
|
|
They are particularly active in promoting Julia Mikhaylovna's 'Literary Gala' to raise money for poor governesses, and it becomes a much anticipated event for the whole town. The Governor, Andrey Antonovich, is deeply troubled by Pyotr Stepanovich's success with his wife and casual disregard for his authority, but is painfully incapable of doing anything about it. Unable to cope with the strange events and mounting pressures, he begins to show signs of acute mental disturbance. Pyotr Stepanovich adopts a similarly destabilizing approach toward his father, driving Stepan Trofimovich into a frenzy by relentlessly ridiculing him and further undermining his disintegrating relationship with Varvara Petrovna.
|
|
Chiefswood Ontario 2008 A sickly child, Johnson did not attend one of Canada's first residential schools, Brantford's Mohawk Institute, which was established in 1834. Her education was mostly at home and informal, derived from her mother, a series of non-Native governesses, a few years at the small school on the reserve, and self-guided reading in her family's expansive library. She familiarized herself with the works of Byron, Tennyson, Keats, Browning and Milton and enjoyed reading tales about Indigenous people such as Longfellow's epic poem The Song of Hiawatha and John Richardson's Wacousta, all of which would later inform her literary and theatrical work.Jackel, David. 1983.
|
|
The Female Orphan Society was established in Dublin, in 1790 (possibly Ireland's oldest Charity, incorporated in one of the last acts of the Irish Parliament before the Act of Union in 1800An Act of Incorporating Governors and Governesses on the Circular Road near Dublin Friday, 5th, August 1800.). Destitute Girls (whose both parents were deceased) were placed in the home, and were instructed in the reformed (Protestant) Christian faith, and were trained to be domestic servants. The Female Orphan House was founded by Mrs. Edward Tighe and Mrs. Margaret Este(who died in 1791 and replaced by Elizabeth La Touche)'A History of Women in Ireland, 1500-1800' By Mary O'Dowd.
|
|
She was the niece of Susan Lawrence, an early female Labour MP. Lewis initially lived in a village near Brentwood, Essex; the family moved to a nearby country house, Pilgrims Hall, near Pilgrims Hatch, in 1913. She was educated at home by governesses until the age of seventeen; she then spent a year in Paris at a finishing school run by the Ozanne family, where she became fluent in French. She later gained the qualifications in mathematics and Latin required for university study via a correspondence course. In 1932, she became one of the four founding students of the Courtauld Institute of Art, part of the University of London.
|
|
In 1909, the Cosmos Club formed as a club for governesses, leasing space in the Gibson Building on East 33rd Street."A Short History of The Cosmopolitan Club (2009)," Cosmopolitan Club website. The following year, the club became the Women's Cosmopolitan Club, "organized," according to The New York Times, "for the benefit of New York women interested in the arts, sciences, education, literature, and philanthropy or in sympathy with those interested." "Behind the Scenes with Author Shaw," The New York Times, April 7, 1910. The club incorporated on March 22, 1911,"New Club for New York Women," The New York Times, March 22, 1911.
|
|
He lived there with his wife Julia (née Simms) and family of two sons and four daughters, two European governesses and a Chinese staff of 24. [RBL 22] [RBL 23] Peak Church [RBL 24] [RBL 25] The Bluff [RBL 26] C.M.S. Sanitorium [RBL 27] The Cliff [RBL 28] The Falls [RBL 29] Bangour [RBL 30] (combined with RBL 31) [RBL 31] Dunford & The Chalet Others built. So many, in fact, that there were enough people disinclined to make the trek down the hill and up again a Sunday to the Cathedral, that a wee Anglican chapel of ease, The Peak Church, was built in 1883. It was nicknamed the "Jelly Mould".
|
|
Agnes Mary Frances Robinson was born in Leamington, Warwickshire, on 27 February 1857 to a wealthy architect. After a few years, the family moved to become a part of the artistic community growing in London. Robinson and her younger sister, Frances Mabel Robinson, shared an education under governesses and in Brussels until they attended one year at University College, London. The Robinson house became a central location for painters and writers of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, such as William Michael Rossetti, William Morris, William Holman Hunt, Edward Burne-Jones, James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Arthur Symons, Ford Madox Brown, and Mathilde Blind, to meet and cultivate a community of artists.
|
|
She resisted finishing her education in Germany, explaining that she had no wish to see Germany, having only just "escaped from German governesses", so she was sent back to the schoolroom in Scotland. Vanity Fair illustration, November 1901 Forbes spent much of her life fox-hunting and shooting, and she was depicted riding side- saddle at a meeting of the Quorn in a Vanity Fair magazine chromolithograph by Cuthbert Bradley.Kirby Gate the Quorn at npg.org.uk, accessed 15 October 2018 In her memoirs, she reveals that she was considered an enfant terrible and that Elinor Glyn used her as the prototype of Elizabeth in her book Visits of Elizabeth (1900).
|
|
Born Katharine Tennant in 1903, she was the daughter of the Scottish industrialist and politician, Sir Charles Tennant, Bt. (then seventy-nine years old) and his second wife, Marguerite Miles, daughter of Colonel Charles William Miles, MP and was cousin of Sir Philip Miles. As a child, she played in the nursery of 10, Downing Street, the home of her much older half-sister, Margot Asquith, the wife of then Prime Minister, H. H. Asquith. Tennant when visiting her sister, threw her teddybear out the window of 10 Downing Street at the protesting Suffragettes. Tennant was educated at home by governesses, then at Abbot's Hill School and finally in Paris.
|
|
Her formal education most likely began with governesses from private schools, then transitioned to academies and seminaries for women where the goal was to prepare their students to become wives and mothers. However, Coxe Evans was able to also study science, mathematics, history, geography, and other subjects because of the developed curriculum in Philadelphia schools. She attended Miss Anabel's English, French, and German School, originally located at 1350 Pine Street in Philadelphia. When she returned to Washington, she continued her studies under her father (a lawyer) and William M. Mew, a chemist at the Army Medical Museum, since most colleges and universities were only open to men.
|
|
She was born the eldest daughter of Arthur Gore, Viscount Sudley, and his wife, Edith, daughter of Robert Jocelyn, Viscount Jocelyn. Her mother died in 1871 and she and her sisters, Cicely and Esther, were raised by their maternal grandmother, Lady Jocelyn. The sisters were educated by governesses and made visits to the Duchess of Teck at White Lodge, where Mabell Gore met and befriended the Duchess's daughter, Princess May (later Queen Mary). When her paternal grandfather, Philip Gore, 4th Earl of Arran, died in 1884 and her father inherited the former's titles, she and her sisters were entitled to the nominal prefix of Lady.
|
|
In 1855, women arguably organized for the first time to deal with an issue within women's rights, when Josefina Deland founded the Svenska lärarinnors pensionsförening (The Society for Retired Female Teachers) to provide for retired female teachers and governesses,Chief editor: Nils Bohman, Svenska män och kvinnor. 2, C-F (Swedish Men and Women. 2, C-F) dictionary (1944) (in Swedish) and from 1856, the Tidskrift för hemmet became the first regular feminist spokes organ. During the second half of the century, the women's movement organized with the Married Woman's Property Rights Association (1873) and the Fredrika-Bremer-Förbundet (1884), and started to make demands of their own.
|
|
Although she incorporated Harris's "rabbit-tobacco" and his "lippity-clippity, clippity-lippity" (as "lippity- lippity") into her literary vocabulary, she was unable to bring his characters to the English country garden as Victorian gentlemen - they remained inexorably fixed in the Antebellum American South as slaves and slave owners. Harris's wily Br'er Rabbit is motivated by vengeance and wins by cunning, but Potter's rabbits have no such motivation and succeed due to their adventurous spirit and pure luck.MacDonald 1986, pp. 23–4 Helen Beatrix Potter was born in Kensington, London on 28 July 1866 to wealthy parents, and educated at home by a series of governesses and tutors.
|
|
Abbs's correspondence during his time in Southern India is preserved at the University of London in the library archives of the School of Oriental and African Studies, along with a history of Travancore he wrote in 1861, which remained in manuscript.Retrieved 7 November 2011. After returning to England in 1861, Abbs was appointed Minister of the Bethel Chapel in Kirkbymoorside, Yorkshire,Surman Index> where he moved with his wife and three daughters, all by then governesses. In 1870 he produced his book Twenty- Two Years' Missionary Experience in Travancore, which was published by his son C. J. Abbs in Dewsbury and by John Snow & Co. in London.
|
|
Mary Lukose, née Mary Poonen, was born to a rich family as the only child on 2 August 1886 in Aymanam--a small village later made famous by being the setting of the novel The God of Small Things-- in the princely state of Travancore (modern day Kerala), in the British Indian Empire. Her father, T. E. Poonen, was a medical doctor, the first medical graduate in Travancore and the Royal Physician of Travancore state. Her mother had health issues due to which Mary was brought up by British governesses. She completed her schooling at Holy Angel's Convent High School, Thiruvananthapuram and topped the matriculation examination.
|
|
Yvonne's parents provided her with a strict education in keeping with their elevated social status and the nature of the era. She learned to read at home and studied with the Dominican Order of Asnières-sur- Seine (later moving to Périgueux, and was encouraged (as many girls were at the time) to become proficient in needlework. Children were encouraged to use the vousvoyer with their elders, and during World War I, went with their governesses to Canterbury, England, not returning to their parents in France until the end of the year. They were letter settled in Wissant, a seaside community in Calais along the English Channel.
|
|
Helen Beatrix Potter was born to wealth and privilege on 28 July 1866 in London to barrister Rupert Potter and his wife Helen (Leech) Potter. Raised by a series of governesses, Beatrix filled her hours with reading, painting, drawing, and tending a schoolroom menagerie of small mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Summer holidays in Scotland or the Lake District and long visits to her grandparents' Camfield Place home in Hertfordshire cultivated her love for and observation of the natural world. As a young woman, she was discouraged from seeking higher education, and groomed instead to be a permanent resident and housekeeper in her parents' London home.
|
|
In her childhood Sybil was taught by governesses and divided her time between the family's Lansdowne House in London and their many country houses, which included Dalmeny House and Mentmore Towers. From the time she was a baby, Lady Sybil was often left by her parents in the care of servants, supervised by her father's sister Lady Leconfield at the Leconfields' Petworth House.Lady Constance Primrose married the second Baron Leconfield The peerage.com This was particularly evident shortly after Sybil's birth in June 1880, when Lord Rosebery wished to visit Germany for three months to take a cure at a German spa for what is now thought to have been a nervous breakdown.
|
|
When he died in 1910, Marie Curie was forced to bring up her daughters herself with the help of governesses. Even though Ève confessed later that as a child she had suffered from a lack of sufficient attention of her mother and that only later, in her teens, she developed a stronger emotional bond to her, Marie took great care for the education and development of interests of both her daughters. Whereas Irène followed in her mother's footsteps and became an eminent scientist (she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with her husband Frédéric Joliot-Curie in 1935), Ève showed more artistic and literary interests. Even as a child she displayed a particular talent for music.
|
|
The Home had been established by the visiting Maria Rye and the Female Middle Class Emigration Society, which aimed to recruit women in England to go to the colonies as governesses, arrange their passages and find them positions on arrival. However there was concern for the ongoing well-being of these women as they had no family in the colonies. Therefore the Female Home played a key role in providing a safe home for them during periods of unemployment or convalescence, and also served as an employment bureau for local families seeking to hire a governess. During the first year of operating the home, Simpson registered 190 employers, and 320 women were employed.
|
|
Agustín de Iturbide's coronation was held at the Mexico City Cathedral on 21 July 1822, Ana María was crowned empress, in an elaborate ceremony. It was attended by the bishops of Puebla, Guadalajara, Durango and Oaxaca and presided over by Archbishop of Mexico Fonte. After the coronation, the couple lived at the 18th-century palace of the Marquis of San Mateo Valparaiso along with the sum of one and half million pesos for expenses. Empress Ana Maria was accompanied by a leading lady, seven ladies-in-waiting, nine honorary ladies, seven ladies of the chamber, ladies in charge of her wardrobe, and a personal doctor, while her children were given guardians, tutors and governesses.
|
|
As was typical for people in her class, she was taught both French and English by governesses. During 1888 and 1889 the family traveled through various spa towns like Badenweiler, Karlsruhe, Vienna and Wiesbaden, while the castle was being renovated and her mother was being treated by Freud. They also wintered at places like Abbazia on the coasts of the Adriatic Sea, but Moser found the frivolous lifestyle tedious and became convinced her mother's problems were caused by her lack of social service. In 1891, Moser began the study of zoology at the University of Zürich, but a dispute with her mother after a trip to Algiers, led Fanny to send Moser to a boarding school in Wimbledon, London.
|
|
De Janzé was a neglectful mother as Frédéric was a neglectful father; the children were primarily brought up in their family chateau Parfondeval in Normandy by governesses and Frédéric's sister. In 1925, the de Janzés first met and became good friends with Josslyn, 22nd Earl of Erroll, and his wife, Idina, Countess of Erroll, in Montparnasse.Marnham, Patrick. "Dirty Work at the Crossroads", The Spectator, 18 March 2000 Some time later, the young Lord and Lady Erroll invited the de Janzés to spend some time in their home in the so-called 'Happy Valley' in the British Colony of Kenya, a community of British colonials living in the Wanjohi Valley, near the Aberdare Mountains.
|
|
Three years later the major schism of British Jews happened and Goldsmid and her husband joined the West London British reform Jews. The reform Jews favoured more involvement for women in their religion than the orthodox Jews. She joined the ladies' committee of the Governesses' Benevolent Institution in 1849. This group which was founded by Anglican clergy had just helped to create Queen's College, Harley Street which was the first place in England that women could undertake higher education.Geoffrey Alderman, 'Goldsmid, Louisa Sophia, Lady Goldsmid (1819–1908)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 22 Sept 2015 In 1859 she became Lady Louisa Goldsmid when her husband inherited the title of second baronet.
|
|
Charlotte French was born on 15 June 1844 in Edinburgh and lived as a child in Edinburgh, Campbeltown ONBand from around 1850 in Ripple, Kent]ONB], the daughter of Irish Captain John Tracy William French of the Royal Navy (who died in 1855) and Margaret French, née Eccles (who died suffering from insanity in 1865ONB). She was educated by a series of governesses and intermittently at private school, but complained in later life that her schooling was 'slipshod' and 'inferior'. Despard was always dubious of authority and ran away from home at the age of 10 getting a train to London 'to become a servant.' The family left Ripple after her father died settling in Edinburgh and later York.
|
|
Elena Pavlovna Muratova (, 18 January 1874 - 1 May 1921) was a Moscow-born Russian stage actress and reader in drama, associated with the Moscow Art Theatre which she joined in 1901 and stayed with for the rest of her life. She was the first performer of the parts of Akulina Ivanovna (The Philistines, by Gorky), Vasilissa (The Lower Depths), Charlotte (The Cherry Orchard) and Lizaveta Bogdanovna (A Month in the Country). Muratova was a respected and much admired pedagogue. "Her most popular parts were those of the governesses and it so happened the Elena Pavlovna's parallel life in theatre centered around tutoring young generations of the MAT actors," according to Vasily Luzhsky.
|
|
Born in Tilff in the province of Liège on 3 March 1836, Léonie Marie Laurence de Chestret de Haneffe was the daughter of parents from the nobility: the Belgian senator Hyacinthe de Chestret de Haneffe (1797–1881) and Amanda Laurence de Sélys Longchamps (1809–1838), the elder sister of the Belgian politician Edmond de Sélys Longchamps. Following her mother's death when she was only two years old, she was brought up in Colonster Castle by governesses and private tutors. While still young, she attended the Institut d'Éducation pour Demoiselles in Liège and spent some years in Flanders. On 20 August 1863, she married the lawyer Victor Louis Auguste de Waha-Baillonville with whom she had a daughter, Louise Amanda.
|
|
The fact that her presence in the household was underpinned by an employment contract emphasized that she could never truly be part of the host family. However, being a governess was one of the few legitimate ways by which an unmarried, middle-class woman could support herself in Victorian society. The majority of governesses were women whose fortunes had drastically declined, due to perhaps the death of their father or both of their parents, or the failure of the family business, and had no relatives willing to take them in. Not surprisingly, her position was often depicted as one to be pitied, and the only way out of it was to get married.
|
|
Cosima Wagner in 1879, painted by Franz von Lenbach Cosima Wagner (born Francesca Gaetana Cosima Liszt; 24 December 1837 – 1 April 1930) was the daughter of the Hungarian pianist and composer Franz Liszt and Marie d'Agoult. She became the second wife of the German composer Richard Wagner, and with him founded the Bayreuth Festival as a showcase for his stage works; after his death she devoted the rest of her life to the promotion of his music and philosophy. Commentators have recognised Cosima as the principal inspiration for Wagner's later works, particularly Parsifal. In 1857, after a childhood largely spent under the care of her grandmother and with governesses, Cosima married the conductor Hans von Bülow.
|
|
More revealing is a comment Lady Rosebery herself made to her husband, "I sometimes think it is wrong that I have thought less of the children in comparison to you"McKinstry, p. 197. shortly before her death in 1890, suggesting that when a choice between her children and husband was forced on her, she always chose her husband. However, the same comment also hints that she was not unaware that her choice was at the cost of her children. When assessing Lady Rosebery's behaviour to her children it should be remembered that she lived in an era of plentiful nannies, wet nurses, nursemaids and governesses which the upper classes employed as the norm.
|
|
In 1867, with the suffragist Anne Clough, she established the North of England Council for Promoting the Higher Education of Women, which aimed to raise the status of governesses and female teachers to that of a profession; She served as its president until 1873. A series of lectures, initially in towns in the north of England, began under James Stuart, a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Although it was thought thirty students would sign up, three hundred joined. In 1868 Butler published "The Education and Employment of Women", her first pamphlet, in which she argued for access to higher education for women, and more equal access to a wider range of jobs.
|
|
She recognised the extent of the ground before her as a mingled sphere of poetry, history, devotion, and art. She infected her readers with her own enthusiastic admiration; and, in spite of her slight technical and historical equipment, Jameson produced a book which thoroughly deserved its great success. She also took a keen interest in questions affecting the education, occupations, and maintenance of her own sex. Her early essay on The Relative Social Position of Mothers and Governesses was the work of one who knew both sides; and in no respect does she more clearly prove the falseness of the position she describes than in the certainty with which she predicts its eventual reform.
|
|
Her first book, The Medley, was published for the benefit of the Lying-in Hospital—a charity for poor women.J. Gomeldon: The Medley, consisting of thirty-one essays on various subjects presented by the author to one of the governesses of the lying-in hospital in Newcastle to be printed for the benefit of that charity, Newcastle, 1766. Printed by J. White and T. Saint A number of prominent people subscribed to the book and it raised some £53. The work is written as a series of satirical essays, peopled by characters who are gently ridiculed by the author: they have names such as Lord and Lady Magnesia, Miss and Lady Elizabeth .
|
|
Many of the palazzi were vast; the Palazzo Biscari has 700 rooms.Palazzo Biscari Retrieved 25 February 2020 This was necessary because the household of a Sicilian aristocrat, beginning with himself, his wife and many children, would typically also contain a collection of poorer relatives and other extended family members, all of whom had minor apartments in the house. Moreover, there were paid employees, often including a private chaplain or confessor, a majordomo, governesses, secretary, archivist, accountant, librarian, and innumerable lower servants, such as a porter to ring a bell a prescribed number of times according to the rank of an approaching guest. Often the servants' extended families, especially if elderly, also lived in the palazzo.
|
|
Women were generally expected to marry and perform household and motherly duties rather than seek formal education. Even women who were not successful in finding husbands were generally expected to remain uneducated, and to take a position in childcare (as a governess or as a supporter to other members of her family). The outlook for education-seeking women improved when Queen's College in Harley Street, London was founded in 1848 – the goal of this college was to provide governesses with a marketable education. Later, the Cheltenham Ladies' College and other girls' public schools were founded, increasing educational opportunities for women's education and leading eventually to the development of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies in 1897.
|
|
She wrote a number of articles on the history of music and also was a music critic for the Manchester City News.British musical biography : a dictionary of musical artists, authors and composers, born in Britain and its colonies, James Duff Brown and Stephen Samuel Stratton, Birmingham: S. S. Stratton, 1897, p. 13 In 1886 Armitt and Sophie retired to Hawkshead, near where Annie was already living, and continued their cultural interests, talking to artists, writers and educationalists like Charlotte Mason and Frances Arnold. Mason, who ran a school for governesses, was publishing the Parents Review,"Parents' Review", AmblesideOnline Parents' Review Article Archive, Retrieved 11 November 2015 and Mary contributed articles for it.
|
|
She was born on 22 July 1902 to Anne Ogilvie Forbes (née Prendergast) and John Ogilvie-Forbes, the 9th Laird of Boyndlie, she was one of seven children. At the age of 12 her father ceased to take an interest in the running of the house and estate, entrusting her with its management, two years later she would be seen riding round on horseback collect the rent from the tenants. After a series of French governesses at home she went to the Convent of Jesus and Mary at Stony Stratford in Bucks from 1919 to 1921. In 1922 she went up to Somerville College Oxford to read for a degree in agriculture which in due course she obtained.
|
|
The book became generally known as Mangnall's Questions and was "the stand-by of generations of governesses and other teachers." It had appeared in 84 editions by 1857. Its "level, plain, humane" judgments have been associated with the Age of Enlightenment, and became more open to criticism in the Victorian age, although the catechism type of textbook remained dominant. The British Constitution met with her approval, as did her country's abolition of the Atlantic slave trade, but Wellington was rebuked for vanity and egotism, and Rabelais for lacking "that delicacy without which genius may sparkle for a moment, but can never shine with pure, undiminished lustre."Geoffrey Treasure: Who's Who in Late Hanoverian Britain (1789–1837) (London: Shepheard-Walwyn, 2nd e.
|
|
Turkish Life in Town and Country. G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1904. p. 202-203. Garnett wrote that elite Turkish boys often studied abroad in France and England, but that elite girls at adolescence rarely did as they would have had to have been accompanied by a female relative or minder and observe harem rules; she stated that governesses from England, France, Germany, and elsewhere in Europe taught girls from the elite while they resided at home.Garnett, Lucy Mary Jane. Turkish Life in Town and Country. G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1904. p. 205. Garnett stated that the Ottoman were adding more schools for working and middle class Turkish girls but that "equipment" was often not sufficient and there were still not enough of them.
|
|
They learned French from governesses, took piano and riding lessons, and went to the symphony and the opera; but the stock market crash of 1929 cost Bradlee's father his job, and he took on whatever work he could find to support his family, from selling deodorants to supervising janitors at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. With the help of wealthy relatives, Bradlee was able to continue his education at Dexter School, and to finish high school at St. Mark's School, where he played varsity baseball. At St. Mark's he contracted polio, but eventually recovered enough to walk without limping. He went on to attend Harvard College, where his father had been a star football player, and graduated in 1942 with a combined Greek–English major.
|
|
Upon the death of her mother, and already having been a part of the family of the king and queen for years, she was formally adopted by the royal couple on 9 November 1788, and awarded a pension of 12,000 livres by the king. She slept in the same room as Marie Thérèse, was educated with her and treated as a royal child by the royal governesses, though she was never given a formal rank as a princess and her presence at court was an informal one. Lambriquet was not the only adopted child of the royal couple, who adopted three other children: "Armand" Francois-Michel Gagné (c. 1771-1792), a poor orphan adopted along with his three older siblings in 1776; Jean Amilcar (c.
|
|
Hastings, p. 9 Just before her third birthday, a sister, Pamela, was born; the nanny's apparent change of loyalty in favour of the new arrival was a further source of outrage to Nancy, and throughout their childhood and into young adulthood she continued to vent her displeasure on her sister.Hastings, p. 10 In January 1909 a brother, Tom was born, and in June 1910 another sister, Diana, followed. That summer, to relieve the pressure on what was becoming an overcrowded nursery, Nancy attended the nearby Francis Holland School. The few months she spent there represented almost the whole of her formal schooling; in the autumn the family moved to a larger house in Victoria Road, Kensington, after which Nancy was educated at home by successive governesses.
|
|
Wolfe was born in her father's jewellery shop on Edgware Road, London on 22 December 1875. Her mother, Lucy Helen Jones, was an actress from Birmingham whom Wolfe would describe as "a very frustrated woman" who left the family when Wolfe was thirteen years of age in order tour the world with an operatic company, while her father, Albert Lewis Woolf was a Liverpudlian jeweller of Jewish descent and of a conservative outlook. She had three brothers and two sisters, and had a comfortable and orthodox middle- class upbringing, educated first by governesses and later for a short period at the Regent Street Polytechnic. As an employee of the General Post Office, Wolfe was an active member of the Civil Service Socialist Society.
|
|
The story takes place in the early 1800s, when the Brontë sisters Charlotte and Anne have made the decision to leave their family - their sister Emily, their brother Branwell, their aunt and their vicar father - to take positions as governesses in other families. The two sisters long to break free from their tedious life and get experiences from the outside world, to prepare for their careers as writers. They have the intention of giving part of their income from the governess positions to their talented brother Branwell, so that he can go to London and study art, to become a great temperamental painter. One night when Bran is getting drunk at a local tavern, a man named Arthur Nicholls, his father's new curate, arrives.
|
|
Family members of the fourth and fifth generations who matured in the 1910s were 'agents of change' and 'carriers of modernity' in the words of the Dutch historian Peter Post, in particular the daughter and three sons of Luitenant Kwee Keng Liem's second marriage. The Luitenant and his wife employed European tutors and governesses to give their children a modern western education, and later sent some of them to board with European families in Batavia in order to attend the colonial capital's superior western-style educational institutions. Kwee women, like the men of the family, enjoyed a lot of freedom and embraced western-style modernity. Another example of their modern outlook to their peers was the family's enthusiastic adoption of car ownership.
|
|
Roy went by the name of Leroy Leveson Laurent Joseph De Maistre, but had been born as Leroy Livingstone de Mestre at Bowral, New South Wales on 27 March 1894 into a home of high social standing in the then Colony of New South Wales. He was the youngest son of Etienne Livingstone de Mestre (1832–1916), the thoroughbred racehorse trainer of the first two Melbourne Cup winners; and the grandson of Prosper de Mestre (1789–1844) a prominent Sydney businessman from 1818 to 1844. De Maistre was educated, together with his brothers and sisters, by tutors and governesses at the family home near Sutton Forest. In 1913 Roy was sent to Sydney to continue his music and art studies.
|
|
Maksim Fridman was born in Tulun, Irkutsk Governorate, into a Jewish family of Efim (Khaim) Ivanovich (Izrailevich) Fridman and Maria (Rakhil) Eduardovna Gillelson. Efim Ivanovich was a medical doctor, zemskii medical officer, and Maria Eduardovna was a dentist. Maksim was the second child in the family and had three sisters: Sofia, Nadezhda, and Elena. Education was the focus of the upbringing in the family, the children were raised with three governesses from England, France, and Germany, and were allowed to speak in Russian only on Sundays. In 1919 Maksim graduated from gymnasium (school) with silver medal (his older sister Sonia, who graduated with the gold medal, taunted him: "Maksin'ka, silver medal is only given to bitches...") and became a student of Irkutsk University, Department of Jurisprudence.
|
|
An elderly woman hires a governess, Miss Madrigal (Deborah Kerr), with a mysterious past to look after her disturbed and spoiled teenage granddaughter Laurel (Hayley Mills), who has seen off many previous governesses. Laurel feels intense jealousy and resentment of her beautiful mother who lives elsewhere with her new husband, and has been taught by her Grandmother to hate her mother. When Miss Madrigal arrives, Laurel is intrigued by her apparent lack of a past, and tries to investigate who she is and to "expose" her. Through this investigating, Laurel helps precipitate the climax of the film where it is revealed that Miss Madrigal was convicted of murdering her step-sister 15 years ago and was sentenced to death, though the sentence was commuted and she'd been in prison since then.
|
|
After King Kalākaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution in 1887, the island governorships began to be viewed as wasteful expenses for the monarchy. The governors and governesses at the time (who were mainly royals or nobles) were also viewed as unfit to appoint the native police forces and condemned for "their refusal to accept their removal or reform by sheriffs or the marshal". The island governorships were abolished by two acts: the first act, on December 8, 1887, transferred the power of the police appointment to the island sheriffs, and the second, An Act To Abolish The Office Of Governor, which officially abolished the positions, on August 23, 1888. King Kalākaua refused to approve the 1888 act, but his veto was overridden by two-thirds of the legislature.
|
|
After King Kalākaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution in 1887, the island governorships began to be viewed as wasteful expenses for the monarchy. The governors and governesses at the time (who were mainly royals or nobles) were also viewed unfit to appoint the native police forces and condemned for "their refusal to accept their removal or reform by sheriffs or the marshal". The island governorships were abolished by two acts: the first act, on December 8, 1887, transferred the power of the police appointment to the island sheriffs, and the second, An Act To Abolish The Office Of Governor, which officially abolished the positions, on August 23, 1888. King Kalākaua refused to approve the 1888 act, but his veto was overridden by two-thirds of the legislature.
|
|
After King Kalākaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution in 1887, the island governorships began to be viewed as wasteful expenses for the monarchy. The governors and governesses at the time (who were mainly royals or nobles) were also viewed unfit to appoint the native police forces and condemned for "their refusal to accept their removal or reform by sheriffs or the marshal". The island governorships were abolished by two acts: the first act, on December 8, 1887, transferred the power of the police appointment to the island sheriffs, and the second, An Act To Abolish The Office Of Governor, which officially abolished the positions, on August 23, 1888. King Kalākaua refused to approve the 1888 act, but his veto was overridden by two-thirds of the legislature.
|
|
After King Kalākaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution in 1887, the island governorships began to be viewed as wasteful expenses for the monarchy. The governors and governesses at the time (who were mainly royals or nobles) were also viewed unfit to appoint the native police forces and condemned for "their refusal to accept their removal or reform by sheriffs or the marshal". The island governorships were abolished by two acts: the first act, on December 8, 1887, transferred the power of the police appointment to the island sheriffs, and the second, An Act To Abolish The Office Of Governor, which officially abolished the positions, on August 23, 1888. King Kalākaua refused to approve the 1888 act, but his veto was overridden by two-thirds of the legislature.
|
|
Among them the royal governesses Marie Angélique de Mackau and Louise-Élisabeth de Croÿ de Tourzel; the ladies- in-waiting the princess de Tarente and the princess de Lamballe; the queen's ladies-maids Marie-Élisabeth Thibault and Mme Bazile; the Dauphin's nurse Mme St Brice; the princesse de Lamballe's lady's maid Mme Navarre; and the valets of the king and the dauphin, M. Chamilly and M. Hue. All ten former members of the royal household were placed before the tribunals and freed from charges, with the exception of the princess de Lamballe, whose death would become one of the most publicized of the September Massacres. Of the Swiss Guard prisoners 135 were killed, 27 were transferred, 86 were set free, and 36 had uncertain fates.Leborgne, Dominique, Saint-Germain-des-Prés et son faubourg, p.
|
|
Lamb was born on 3 November 1894 at Holly Lodge, Campden Hill, London. She was the daughter of Edmund Lamb, who was a Member of Parliament from 1906 to 1910, and Mabel Lamb (née Winkworth), an alumna of Newnham College, Cambridge, who was active in the promotion of women's university education and women's suffrage. Lamb was educated at home by governesses and tutors, and from 1913 to 1917 attended Newnham College, Cambridge, studying Classics with a specialisation in Classical Archaeology, and earning first- class marks (although at this point women could not receive degrees from Cambridge). While a student she participated in archaeological fieldwork at prehistoric sites near Cambridge led by Thomas McKenny Hughes; she was also active in politics, attending meetings of the Union of Democratic Control.
|
|
She was also a founding member of the Russian Women's Mutual Philanthropic Society and responsible for helping to organize the All-Women's Congress of 1908. At the end of the century, some of the most widely read Russian literary figures focused on feminist motifs in their works. In his later years, Leo Tolstoy argued against the traditional institution of marriage, comparing it to forced prostitution and slavery, a theme that he also touched on in his novel Anna Karenina. In his plays and short stories, Anton Chekhov portrayed a variety of working female protagonists, from actresses to governesses, who sacrificed social esteem and affluence for the sake of financial and personal independence; in spite of this sacrifice, these women are among the few Chekhovian characters who are truly satisfied with their lives.
|
|
Waleria Tarnowska was a daughter Walerian Stroynowski and Aleksandra Tarnowska. On 7 September 1800, Waleria married Jan Feliks Tarnowski. She was the mother of Kazimierz, Rozalia, Jan Bogdan, Maria Felicja, Walerian, Rozalia, Wiktoria, Anna and Tadeusz Antoni; and the grandmother of Jan Dzierżysław Tarnowski, Stanisław „Czarny”, Stanisław „Biały” and Władysław.Genealogy of Tarnowski familyMarek Jerzy Minakowski Genealogia potomków Sejmu Wielkiego Waleria was educated at home by governesses, and her teachers also included the archaeologist and historian Wawrzyniec Surowiecki, and the professor of chemistry and medicine Jędrzej Śniadecki, as well as her uncle, Hieronim Stroynowski, bishop and Rector of Vilnius University.Maria Śledzianowska „Zainteresowania kolekcjonerskie Teofili Konstancji z Radziwiłłów Morawskiej, Walerii ze Stroynowskich Tarnowskiej i Izabeli z Flemingów Czartoryskiej” article in: „Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki”, annual set 57, issue 3/4, 2012, p. 185.
|
|
Hansen was born October 22, 1859 in Assens, the daughter of Christian Jacob Hansen (1832–80) and Johanne Margrethe Rasmussen (1822–91). In 1876-77 she was a student at N. Zahles privatlærerindekursus for governesses in Copenhagen; she graduated as a teacher in 1883 and worked as one at Aarhus højere Pigeskole in 1884-89, and at the public schools in Copenhagen in 1889-1910. Eline Hansen became interested in gender equality as a student, and during her career as a teacher she worked for equality between male and female students and teachers. Hansen became a pioneer in Denmark as a school kitchen inspector, when she was educated in this profession in Norway on the expense of the Danish government and employed as such in Copenhagen in 1897.
|
|
Pauline de Tourzel was smuggled out of the prison, but her mother and de Lamballe were too famous to be smuggled out. Their escape would have risked attracting too much notice. Almost all women prisoners tried before the tribunals in La Force were freed from charges. Indeed, not only the former royal governesses de Tourzel and Marie Angélique de Mackau, but also five other women of the royal household: the lady-in- waiting Louise-Emmanuelle de Châtillon, Princesse de Tarente, the queen's ladies-maids Marie-Élisabeth Thibault and Bazile, the Dauphin's nurse St Brice, Lamballe’s own lady's maid Navarre, as well as wife of the king's valet de Septeuil, where all put before the tribunals and freed of charges, as were even two male members of the royal household, the valets of the king and the dauphin, Chamilly and Hue.
|
|
The Legend of Virginia The Physician's Tale is one of the Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th century. It is a domestic drama about the relationship between a daughter and her father, based on a tale from the Histories of Titus Livius and retold in The Romance of the Rose, as well as John Gower's Confessio Amantis, which Chaucer drew on for inspiration, and the biblical story of Jephtha. Although difficult to date like most of Chaucer's tales, the Physician's tale is usually regarded as an early work of Chaucer probably written before much of the rest of the Canterbury Tales was begun. The long digression on governesses possibly alludes to a historical event and may serve to date it: in 1386 Elizabeth, the daughter of John of Gaunt, eloped to France with John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke.
|
|
By the time Michael's mother died in Paris in early 1953, France had repealed the law of banishment against its former ruling families (24 June 1950) and the Comte de Paris had taken up residence in the capital. When, in August 1953, Monseigneur moved the Comtesse and their children to a new estate, the Manoir du Cœur Volant in Louveciennes, Michael joined the couple and their four eldest children in the main building, while the seven younger children and their governesses occupied an annex given the name la maison de Blanche Neige ("Snow White's cottage"). Henceforth, Michael was given into the care of his uncle and raised with his Orléans cousins. Michael later acknowledged that his uncle had been a poor manager of his ward's assets, but maintained that there was no malfeasance or attempt to conceal losses.
|
|
The late 18th and early 19th century saw a flow of Swiss farmers forming colonies such as Şaba (Bessarabia, at the Dniester Liman, now part of the Ukraine), besides specialists of various professions, working as winemakers, cheesemakers, merchants, officers or governesses. The Russian- Swiss generally prospered, partly merging with German diaspora populations. Early Swiss emigrants to Russia were not poor, but brought money with them, establishing themselves as specialist elites, choosing Russia as migration target because it offered greater opportunities for their trades than America. Only in the later 19th century, with Russian industrialization, saw significant migration of lower social classes. Most of these Swiss diaspora populations returned to Switzerland during the interwar period in the wake of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and especially as a result of the Dekulakization under Joseph Stalin during 1929-1931.
|
|
William's mother showed little personal interest in her son, sometimes being absent for years, and had always deliberately kept herself apart from Dutch society.Van der Kiste, 5–6; Troost, 27 William's education was first laid in the hands of several Dutch governesses, some of English descent, including Walburg Howard and the Scottish noblewoman, Lady Anna Mackenzie.Rosalind K. Marshall, 'Mackenzie, Anna, countess of Balcarres and countess of Argyll (c.1621–1707)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2006 accessed 29 Nov 2014 From April 1656, the prince received daily instruction in the Reformed religion from the Calvinist preacher Cornelis Trigland, a follower of the Contra-Remonstrant theologian Gisbertus Voetius.Troost, 34–37 The ideal education for William was described in Discours sur la nourriture de S. H. Monseigneur le Prince d'Orange, a short treatise, perhaps by one of William's tutors, Constantijn Huygens.Troost, 27.
|
|
In her travel book, Nettelbladt described the often harsh terms of the emigrants. She described the great hospitality and friendliness she had herself experienced and had a good impression of the terms of women in USA, specifically those belonging to her own category of educated middle-class women, and it was her impression that governesses, and other women of a similar category, was treated much more equally in America than in Europe. Living in North Carolina and South Carolina, she also described the slavery she witnessed in America. On one hand, she described that many enslaved people gave the impression of being content and treated well, and compared it to the poverty among the poor in Sweden; but on the other, she described her indignation by witnessing a white woman beating her slaves, and stated that she was categorically opposed to all forms of slavery.
|
|
Diana Mitford was the fourth child and third daughter of David Freeman- Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale (1878–1958, son of Algernon Freeman-Mitford, 1st Baron Redesdale), and his wife, Sydney (1880–1963), daughter of Thomas Gibson Bowles, MP. She was a first cousin of Clementine Churchill, second cousin of Angus Ogilvy, and first cousin, twice removed, of Bertrand Russell. Mitford was born in Belgravia and raised in the country estate of Batsford Park, then from the age of 10 at the family home, Asthall Manor, in Oxfordshire, and later at Swinbrook House, a home her father had built in the village of Swinbrook. She was educated at home by a series of governesses except for a six-month period in 1926 when she was sent to a day school in Paris. In childhood, her younger sisters Jessica Mitford ("Decca") and Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire ("Debo"), were particularly devoted to her.
|
|
On 21 December 1872 the National Assembly enacted a law of restitution, authorising restoration of approximately 40 million of the eighty million francs worth of property which had formerly belonged to the House of Orléans, although the actual re-acquisition of that wealth would take several years. Meanwhile, a close friend of the Count and Countess of Paris, Maria Brignole Sale De Ferrari, placed at their disposal the ground floor and gardens of the Hôtel Matignon on the rue de Varenne in Paris. Along the adjacent rue de Babylone the Duchess had a two-story town house built to accommodate the Orléans children, their governesses and tutors, which served as Hélène's home from 1876 until her father was again exiled. In 1883 the last legitimate prince in the male-line of Louis XV, Henri, Count of Chambord, died childless leaving, in the eyes of French royalists excepting recalcitrant legitimists, the Count of Paris as heir to the Bourbon crown of France.
|
|
Mary Breckinridge was born February 17, 1881 in Memphis, Tennessee, the second of four children, into the wealthy southern family of Katherine Carson and Clifton Rhodes Breckinridge. As the granddaughter of Vice President John C. Breckinridge, who served under President Buchanan, and the daughter of an Arkansas Congressman and U.S. Minister to Russia, Mary Breckinridge grew up in many places that included estates in Mississippi, Kentucky, and New York; seats of government in Washington, D.C. and St. Petersburg, Russia; and schools in Lausanne, Switzerland, and Stamford, Connecticut. These political and family connections that provided international travel experiences, public speaking practice, and access to influential and wealthy benefactors willing to support philanthropic causes would enable her to raise private funds that would serve the impoverished residents of Leslie County, Kentucky. Although Breckinridge was born into a prominent family with means, she was dissatisfied that her older brother was afforded a higher quality education in private schools while she and her sister were taught at home by governesses or her own mother.
|
|
On 17 May 1778, after the visit of the court to Marly, Madame Élisabeth formally left the children's chamber and became an adult when she, upon the wish of the king her brother, was turned over to the king by her governess and given her own household, with Diane de Polignac as maid of honour and the Bonne Marie Félicité de Sérent as lady-in- waiting.Princess of France Elisabeth, Elisabeth The Life and Letters of Madame Elisabeth de France, Sister of Louis XVI, Versailles HistoricalSociety, 1899 The ceremony was described: "Mme Elizabeth accompanied by the Princesse de Guéménée, the under governesses, and the ladies in attendance, went to the King's apartments, and there Mme de Guéménée formally handed over her charge to His Majesty, who sent for Mme la Comtesse Diane de Polignac, maid of honour to the Princess and Mme la Marquise de Sereat, her lady-in-waiting, into whose care he gave Mme Elizabeth." Several attempts were made to arrange a marriage for her. The first suggested partner was Jose, Prince of Brazil.
|
|
Details taken during the United Kingdom Census 1861 show that the crescent was a prestigious address popular with wealthy people, most of whom had several servants. On census night, 29 houses were occupied; landowners, merchants, army officers and captains (serving and retired), members of the clergy, barristers and members of the nobility were all represented, and between them they had 182 servants (excluding governesses). Lt-Col. William Cavendish and his wife Lady Emilia Augusta had 14 servants, the most of any household. Only one of the 29 occupied houses was recorded as having none. Large houses fell out of favour from the early 20th century, and in Adelaide Crescent (as in other large 19th-century residential developments in Brighton and Hove) many houses were converted into flats. Numbers 15–17 were the first to be altered, shortly after World War I. By 1998 only two houses remained in single ownership, and there were about 400 dwellings across the 72 houses of Adelaide Crescent and Palmeira Square together. Lighting in the crescent was improved in 1894 when new lamp-posts were installed at a uniform distance of apart; the original lamps had been sited haphazardly.
|
|