The road to Dingle via the Connor Pass, a narrow, winding road through rocky glaciated mountains.
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Now the road stretched out, empty and endless, over a glaciated, monochrome terrain of ridges, gorges and craters.
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And so, [Neanderthals were seen as] bumbling troglodytes who were barely able to make it across glaciated Europe.
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"In one century, we have lost seventy percent of the glaciated surface," said Bondesan, a coordinator for the Italian Glaciological Committee.
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If you've never considered the ways the Northern Glaciated Plains of Minnesota resemble Siberia, this is the episode that takes you there.
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It's a special glaze made from glaciated clay found outside Albany, New York, that yields a deep brown color and an impermeable glassy coating.
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This is an artist who understands the potential gulf between body and soul, and one whose musical imagination might thaw the most glaciated heart.
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This paleo-environmental work will then be used to inform the search for early period sites along the formerly glaciated Pacific shoreline of Canada.
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It was midmorning, and they could see the Ancohuma, or Janq'u Uma, the densely glaciated 2000,125-foot crown of the Cordillera Real, the eastern ridge of the Andes.
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The Chugach National Forest covers nearly 7,000,000 acres—about the size of New Hampshire—and is comprised of jagged glaciated peaks that extend right to the ocean's edge.
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The remote archipelago of volcanic, glaciated islands is part of the Russian Arctic National Park and accessible only a few weeks each summer when the ice breaks up.
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What's more, many important glaciers are in politically unstable regions and the extreme, disorienting conditions at high altitude make it difficult to even measure one glaciated area, he explained.
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In more heavily glaciated regions, such as the Canadian Arctic, the melting of glaciers has only just "kicked in," meaning that these glaciers will continue to raise sea levels beyond 2100.
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The velocity of the rebound in the ASE — 1.6 inches (41 millimeters) per year — was "one of the fastest rates ever recorded in glaciated areas," study co-author Abbas Khan, an associate professor at DTU Space, said in a statement.
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"This so-called faint young sun paradox, a problem initially raised by Carl Sagan and George Mullen, is perplexing because it is unclear why Earth was not permanently glaciated under the less luminous sun," planetary scientist Ramses Ramirez, who was unaffiliated with the study, wrote in a News & Views piece for Nature Geoscience.
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The Tushars have at least seven high alpine glaciated canyons, Cottonwood Canyon, North Fork of Cottonwood Canyon, South Fork Basin, The Pocket Basin, Bullion Basin, Beaver Basin and City Creek Basin. All were heavily glaciated during the last ice age.
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Hellefonna, a glaciated area in Sabine Land at Spitsbergen, is also named after Helle.
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North of Sawtell Peak and the Centennial Range are canyons that were once heavily glaciated.
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225x225px A glaciated rock is a rock that shows evidence of having been exposed to a glacier. Generally it has striations or deep scratches, caused more by the debris being carried by the glacier than by the ice itself. Glaciated rocks may also be erratics - that is, not belonging to the local rocks but having been transported there by the glacier. Where a present-day glacier is retreating, its former extent can be measured by distribution of the glaciated rocks.
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In 2009, it was reported that this mountain range had 41 glaciers that summed up of glaciated area.
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The total glaciated area dropped from in that time period. The largest glaciated areas include the Waputik and Wapta Icefields, which both lie on the Banff-Yoho National Park border. Wapta Icefield covers approximately in area. Outlets of Wapta Icefield on the Banff side of the continental divide include Peyto, Bow, and Vulture Glaciers.
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The border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated till plains, with an exceptionally flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. This glaciated region in the northwest and central state is bordered to the east and southeast first by a belt known as the glaciated Allegheny Plateau, and then by another belt known as the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau.
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Endemism is rather limited in this province, and its boundaries are vague. During the Pleistocene much of the province was glaciated.
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Since they were not glaciated, they have only been eroded by water, resulting in a dense net of deep, narrow valleys.
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Mount Odin has an impressive rocky south face that drops into the Weasel River. To the north, the area is glaciated.
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In glaciated sections, steep canyons developed and much of the terrain have many glacial features. The drainage pattern in this area is dendritic.
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In general, the glaciated lies to the north and west of the unglaciated, and forms an arc in northeastern to southeastern Ohio lying between the glacial till plains and the Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau. The Glaciated Allegheny Plateau extends into a belt of southern New York State and the central Susquehanna River basin. A small area of the Allegheny Plateau was glaciated during the Wisconsin Stage, the late Illinoian Stage, and Pre- Illinoian B and G glaciations of the Pre-Illinoian Stage.Richmond, G.M. and D.S. Fullerton, 1986, Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America, Quaternary Science Reviews. vol.
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Map of the Allegheny Plateau. The gray line differentiates the glaciated (northern) and unglaciated (southern) sections of the plateau. The Allegheny Plateau , in the United States, is a large dissected plateau area in western and central New York, northern and western Pennsylvania, northern and western West Virginia, and eastern Ohio. It is divided into the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau and the glaciated Allegheny Plateau.
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Rainbow Mountain is a broad glaciated summit just west of Whistler, British Columbia. It is a popular destination for hiking, snowshoeing and ski touring.
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In the Cainozoic, a couple of basins extended inland from Macquarie Harbour and the northern Midlands. The higher mountains were glaciated during the Pleistocene.
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The view from the top is impressive, especially toward the west, across Nahuel Huapi lake, with the majestic, heavily glaciated Cerro Tronador (), clearly visible.
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The island is mountainous throughout. At , the Sullaussartooq mountain is the highest point on the island, with the top of the ridge permanently glaciated.
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Much of central and southwest Wisconsin were never glaciated, leaving the earlier river-generated topography intact; this area is known as the Driftless Area.
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Belaya Zemlya (, literally "White Land") is a group of three cold, glaciated islands. It is a geographical subgroup of Franz Josef Land, Russian Federation.
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Hence, while less glaciated than Patagonia, it has more permanent snow on the wet, Chilean side than peaks of similar elevation to the north.
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The northeast outlets were glaciated once more during a readvance of the Lake Michigan lobe, causing the lake to rise to the Calumet level.
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The earliest Ice Ages occurred at this time and dammed portions of north flowing rivers. The Teays River was the largest of these rivers, and the modern Ohio River flows within segments of the ancient Teays. The ancient rivers were rearranged or consumed by glaciers and lakes. The vineyard soils of the Ohio River Valley are diverse, being on the boundary between glaciated and non-glaciated.
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This peninsula was named during the Three-year Expedition to East Greenland owing to it being largely glaciated. The name "Canton Land" has also been used.
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The Key River flows through typical Canadian Shield country, in many places exposing rugged glaciated rock cliffs and outcrops with shallow soils and sections of marshy lowlands.
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Fimbulisen is a glaciated area in Sabine Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located between Von Postbreen and Sassendalen, and covers an area of about 100 km2.
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The slopes of the mountain are glaciated and some of the glaciers descend well into the adjacent valleys. Its name comes from famous Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli.
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Important parts of the Stubai Alps show signs of glaciation. The northern part around the Sellrain valley and the Kühtai is now only lightly glaciated and a popular ski touring destination (Zischgeles, Lampsenspitze, Pirchkogel, Sulzkogel). The High Stubai around the upper Stubai valley is still heavily glaciated and a classic high mountain touring region in the Eastern Alps. Here there is a glacier ski area on the Stubai Glacier.
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Usually most teams ascend the peak during December to March, the warmest period of the year. Main glacier on Monte Pissis. The peak is one of the most heavily glaciated peaks in the Atacama Desert, although the glaciated area starts only at and the size of the glacier is small compared to the overall surface of the mountain. From the base of the mountain several days of hike are required.
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"County crop, livestock receipts at $110M." Mount Vernon News. Accessed: 17 March 2012. Most of the county lies in the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau with rolling hills and valleys.
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During the breakup of Pangaea Rhode Island was positioned alongside a marine environment once again as extensive erosion of the Appalachian Mountains deposited sediments out on the continental shelf, beginning the creation of the Atlantic coastal plain. Rhode Island was glaciated in the past 2.5 million years of the Quaternary, in the Pleistocene period. The region was glaciated twice between 75,000 and 55,000 years ago. Glaciers encountered a freshwater lake in the Narragansett Bay area.
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Boreas is a peer-reviewed academic journal that has been published on behalf of the Collegium Boreas since 1972. The journal covers all branches of quaternary research, including biological and non-biological aspects of the quaternary environment in both glaciated and non-glaciated areas. Formerly published by Taylor & Francis, Boreas has been published by Wiley-Blackwell since 1998. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 2.457.
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The age of the lava flows ranges from heavily glaciated andesite flows overlying less-eroded ones to possibly postglacial lava flows that may be tens of thousands of years old.
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One of the State's largest, wildest and most impenetrable swamps, and an outstanding example of the diversity of conditions and species in the glaciated section of the oak-chestnut forest.
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At the falls the Oswegatchie flows northwest over glaciated granite gneiss bedrock.p. 156, O'Shea, Peter V., Northern Region: Guide to Adirondack Trails, vol. 2, The Adirondack Mountain Club, Inc., 1986, 1994, .
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The Crystal Desert: Summers in Antarctica, p. 4. Houghton-Mifflin Books. . It is approximately long and wide with a land area of . Over 90% of the island's surface is permanently glaciated.
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The region is dry, windy and has high insolation. Because of the aridity, even high mountains are not covered with glaciers; Llullaillaco volcano is the highest non-glaciated summit on Earth.
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It is forecast that at the current rate Venezuela will lose by 2020 all its glaciers, making it the first Andean country without any glaciated area. Panoramic view of Pico Bolívar.
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The volcanic cluster was modestly glaciated during the Quaternary, as evidenced by glacial striations and moraines at elevations above , and shows evidence of glaciers both on the main volcano and its subsidiaries. At least two distinct glacier stages took place. The western Azufrera edifice was heavily glaciated in the past. At least three moraine stages have been mapped on that edifice, and on its southern side is found a modest cirque with glacially polished lavas on the floor.
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Glaciation of the Southern Hemisphere was less extensive because of current configuration of continents. Ice sheets existed in the Andes (Patagonian Ice Sheet), where six glacier advances between 33,500 and 13,900 BP in the Chilean Andes have been reported. Antarctica was entirely glaciated, much like today, but the ice sheet left no uncovered area. In mainland Australia only a very small area in the vicinity of Mount Kosciuszko was glaciated, whereas in Tasmania glaciation was more widespread.
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"Relief features and palaeoweathering remnants in formerly glaciated Scandinavian basement areas". In Thiry, Médard; Simon-Coinçon, Régine. Palaeoweathering, Palaeosurfaces and Related Continental Deposits. Special publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists. 27.
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This volcano was glaciated during the Pleistocene and a large Plinian eruption occurred at the beginning of the Holocene. Some eruptions reportedly occurred during historical time; presently the volcano is fumarolically active.
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In the Himalayas, this effect can be seen to an extreme degree, with south-facing slopes being warm, wet and forested, and north-facing slopes cold, dry but much more heavily glaciated.
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Calabozos lies in central Chile's Maule Region, near Curicó and Talca, on the western Andes.Hildreth et al. (1984), p. 45. This is an area of poorly glaciated mountains that is not permanently populated.
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The range saw significant gold mining, especially during the 1880s to 1930s. The high peaks have been extensively glaciated, and most of the larger stream valleys held valley glaciers during the ice age.
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Almost all of Indiana's caves exist along a thin area between Bloomington and Harrison County, which was never glaciated. This information is based on private correspondence between Indiana Caverns and the Indiana State Museum.
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Sandersons Hope is covered by snow for most of the year, although it is not glaciated. It is visible from the Upernavik Airport away, and from the entire southeastern eastern coast of Upernavik Island.
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Cambridge Township is located in the glaciated plateau of northwest Pennsylvania. French Creek and its tributaries drain all of the township. Elevation ranges from where French Creek leaves the township to in the southeast corner.
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This NASA image shows the formation of numerous glacial lakes at the termini of receding glaciers in Bhutan-Himalaya. The Himalayas and other mountain chains of central Asia support large glaciated regions. An estimated 15,000 glaciers can be found in the greater Himalayas, with double that number in the Hindu Kush and Karakoram and Tien Shan ranges, and comprise the largest glaciated region outside the poles. These glaciers provide critical water supplies to arid countries such as Mongolia, western China, Pakistan, Afghanistan and India.
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The Puspawati drains the Valley of Flowers. The glaciated upper valley of the Pushawati is U-shaped. The river flows past thick glacial deposits. A number of glacier-fed streams join it in its upper reaches.
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Esker at Fulufjället, western Sweden Esker used as a hiking path Aerial view of a partially drowned esker at Billudden in northern Uppland, Sweden. The shape is modified by coastal processes. An esker, eskar, eschar, or os, sometimes called an asar, osar, or serpent kame,Collins English Dictionary is a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. Eskers are frequently several kilometres long and, because of their uniform shape, look like railway embankments.
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Glacial erosion is responsible for U-shaped valleys, as opposed to the V-shaped valleys of fluvial origin.Bennett, M.R. & Glasser, N.F., 1996, Glacial Geology: Ice Sheets and Landforms, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 364 p. . The way glacial processes interact with other landscape elements, particularly hillslope and fluvial processes, is an important aspect of Plio-Pleistocene landscape evolution and its sedimentary record in many high mountain environments. Environments that have been relatively recently glaciated but are no longer may still show elevated landscape change rates compared to those that have never been glaciated.
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They are the largest found on San Pedro, with volumes of and a surface area of ; they reach a distance of from the vent. San Pedro has been glaciated in the past. Evidence of such glaciation is found especially on the southern side of the Old Cone and it includes moraines at elevations of over as well as other glacially modified surfaces such as rock pavements and striated boulders. The chronology of glaciations in the Central Andes is poorly known but stratigraphic relations indicate that San Pedro was glaciated during the late Pleistocene.
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The western fringes of the massif reach the Zermatt ski domain. Gressoney, Champoluc, Alagna Valsesia and Macugnaga (under the impressive east face, intensely glaciated and some 2,500 metres high) are the main mountain and ski resorts that surround Monte Rosa along its southern side. Monte Rosa is not technically difficult to climb in itself, despite hosting some quite impressive ridges, but can be quite dangerous due to its great altitude and sudden weather changes, as well as crevasses in its extensive glaciers - one of the major glaciated areas in the Alps.
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The county also is home to large areas of land that were not glaciated during the last ice age. The river valley and contributing watersheds, along with the non-glaciated hills, results in a topography unlike the rest of the metropolitan Indianapolis area. County residents are proud of the scenic terrain, and in recent years have established a county park system and a bike/pedestrian trail system plan to provide protection and access to the amenities. An annual five mile (8 km) run is held as a fundraiser for the path system endowment.
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Cerro Deslinde is a high volcano in Chile, just northeast of the El Tatio geothermal field. Deslinde was glaciated during the Pleistocene, with moraines occurring at elevations of . South of Deslinde, a long glacier developed and spread westward.
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Svanhildpasset is a glaciated mountain pass in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is named after Svanhild Eugenie Lund. The pass is situated between the mountains of Pulkovofjella and Brendetoppane. It separates the glaciers of Vasil'evbreen and Svalisbreen.
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Kleybolte Peninsula is a heavily glaciated peninsula in northwestern Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It juts into the Arctic Ocean. During Otto Sverdrup's expedition of 1899–1902, the peninsula was the northernmost point achieved.
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Hellefonna is a glaciated area in Sabine Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located between Kjellströmdalen and Sassendalen, and comprises several smaller glaciers, including Jinnbreen, Innerbreen, Marmorbreen, Skruisbreen and Sveigbreen. The area is named after topographer Sigurd Gunnarson Helle.
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Holocene Volcanoes in Kamchatka with map showing the Sredinny Range The mountains are currently occupied by small mountain glaciers, contributing to Kamchatka's characterization as the most extensively glaciated region of northeastern Asia, with glaciers covering roughly 592 ± 20.4 km2.
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MacKlintok Island or McClintock Island (; Ostrov Mak-Klintoka) is an island in Franz Josef Land, Russia. This island is roughly square-shaped and its maximum length is . Its area is and it is largely glaciated. Its highest point is .
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Map of the Allegheny Plateau. The gray line differentiates the glaciated (northern) and unglaciated (southern) sections of the plateau. The unglaciated plateau extends southwestward into eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, where it is called the Cumberland Plateau. Pinnacle State Park.
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The pavement was exposed during the Tertiary when the Inman River eroded the topography to its present-day surface. A cafe overlooks the glaciated bed of the river, with access onto the rock available via stairs and viewing platforms.
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Hare Creek drains of the northwestern glaciated plateau and is underlaid by the Venango Formation. The watershed receives an average of 47.4 in/year of precipitation and has a wetness index of 457.12. The watershed is about 47% forested.
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The Ogwen emerging at the western end of Llyn Ogwen immediately descends cataracts and waterfalls, known as Ogwen Falls in English and Rhaeadr Ogwen in Welsh, before continuing in a north-north-westerly direction down the glaciated Nant Ffrancon valley.
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The Polychrome Glaciers are five glaciers in the Alaska Range of Denali National Park and Preserve in the U.S. state of Alaska. The glaciers originate in parallel glaciated north-trending valleys in the Alaska Range, opposite Polychrome Mountain across Polychrome Pass.
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Clawson and Shandera, p. 13McRae and Jewell, p. 338. During the last glacial period, the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets pushed these rivers southward into their present courses. The Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge lies atop these glaciated plains.
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The plain of Holderness and the Humberhead levels both owe their present form to the Quaternary ice ages. Much of Yorkshire presents heavily glaciated scenery as few places escaped the great ice sheets as they advanced during the last ice age.
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When the ice sheets extended to the land sloping southward to the Ohio River, Mississippi River and Missouri River, the drift-laden streams flowed freely away from the ice border. As the streams escaped from their subglacial channels, they spread into broader channels and deposited some of their load, and thus aggraded their courses. Local sheets or aprons of gravel and sand are spread more or less abundantly along the outer side of the morainic belts. Long trains of gravel and sands clog the valleys that lead southward from the glaciated to the non-glaciated area.
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Camelback Mountain or Big Pocono is a conspicuous geographic feature on the Pocono Plateau. It is not a mountain, but rather a peninsular section of the Pocono Plateau, that when viewed from three sides, appears to be a mountain. The summit of Big Pocono "Mountain" is actually nearly level with land to the west and northwest, together comprising the top of the Glaciated Pocono Plateau, which is part of the larger Allegheny Plateau. The Pocono Plateau, a distinctive geologic feature not to be confused with the larger Pocono Mountains, is a glaciated plateau formed during at least three glacial movements.
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Three Fingered Jack is a summit of a shield volcano of the Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. Formed during the Pleistocene epoch, the mountain consists mainly of basaltic andesite lava and was heavily glaciated in the past. While other Oregon volcanoes that were heavily glaciated—such as Mount Washington and Mount Thielsen—display eroded volcanic necks, Three Fingered Jack's present summit is a comparatively narrow ridge of loose tephra supported by a dike only thick on a generally north–south axis. Radiating dikes and plugs that support this summit have been exposed by glaciation.
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If you enter Hedesunda from the south you will reach Ön by turning right 10 kilometer after Tärnsjö at the national road 56 and drive towards Söderfors. In the north of Hedesunda you can reach Ön by way of national road 56 towards Valbo, where you can find the largest shopping centre in the area. You can also reach Hedesunda by driving along the European route E4 and turning towards Söderfors. Ön is a part of a 100 km long esker, a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America.
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In particular the brothers' hats are tall, narrow, and white, with a pointed top. These spires of snow and ice grow over all glaciated and snow-covered areas in the Dry Andes above . They range in length from a few centimetres to over .
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The glacier is split into an upper and a lower part, with a non-glaciated area between. The glacier reaches down to an elevation of above sea level, the lowest glacier level in southern Norway. The Bøyabreen glacier lies just northwest of Supphellebreen.
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Ulmer, Stuttgart, 440 p. Processes of isostasy involve the uplift of continental crusts along with their shorelines. Today, the process of glacial isostatic adjustment mainly applies to Pleistocene glaciated areas. In Scandinavia, for instance, the present rate of uplift reaches up to /year.
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The peninsula is very mountainous, culminating in several glaciated summits. The highest, unnamed peak in the center of the peninsula reaches . Other named summits include Qassersuit at in the center, Issumaarsuaq at in the north, and Nuniaat Qaqqarsua at in the west.
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A total of 47 percent of the section consists of pools. 28 percent of the section consists of riffles and 25 percent consists of runs. East Branch Raven Creek is a freestone stream. It is near the edge of a glaciated plateau.
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Kropotkinfjellet is a mountain in Sabine Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has an extension of about seven kilometers, with two glaciated peaks, and is located between the glaciers of Sveigbreen and Skruisbreen. The mountain is named after Russian prince and scientist Peter Kropotkin.
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The Hoher Sonnblick (also Rauriser Sonnblick) is a glaciated mountain, high, on the main Alpine chain in the Goldberg Group on the border between the Austrian states of Carinthia and Salzburg. At its summit is the Sonnblick Observatory and the Alpine refuge hut of Zittelhaus.
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The land is gently rolling, glaciated hills with fertile soils. Dairy farming is the main agriculture industry in Beaver Brook. Corn and soy beans are the main crops. Eagles from the Cobequid Bay and the close by Shubenacadie River often fly over Beaver Brook.
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The deepest point is around below its surface. Two main streams feed into the lake, with a catchment of around . Meltwater flows from two small glaciated areas in the Kunluns. The west is about , the east about ; both appear to have retreated roughly since 1970.
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Spring Creek drains of the Pennsylvania High Plateau province and the northwestern glaciated plateau and is underlaid by the Venango Formation. The watershed receives an average of 44.4 in/year of precipitation and has a wetness index of 437.71. The watershed is about 64% forested.
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Damon Run drains of the Pennsylvania High Plateau province and the northwestern glaciated plateau and is underlaid by the Venango Formation. The watershed receives an average of 45.8 in/year of precipitation and has a wetness index of 393.52. The watershed is about 62% forested.
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The Brittain River originates at Arctic Lake in the Pacific Ranges. It flows east through Doris Lake then turns south. It flows through a forested, mountainous, glaciated U-shaped valley to Jervis Inlet. Its mouth is about northeast of the city of Powell River.
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The watershed provides habitat for 609 known fish and wildlife species, including the bull trout, bald eagle, gray wolf, grizzly bear, and Canada lynx. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) divides the waters of the Columbia and its tributaries into three freshwater ecoregions, naming them Columbia Glaciated, Columbia Unglaciated, and Upper Snake. The Columbia Glaciated ecoregion, making up about a third of the total watershed, lies in the north and was covered with ice sheets during the Pleistocene. The ecoregion includes the mainstem Columbia north of the Snake River and tributaries such as the Yakima, Okanagan, Pend Oreille, Clark Fork, and Kootenay rivers.
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Map showing the extent of the glaciated area in Venezuelan Andes during the Mérida glaciation The name Mérida Glaciation is proposed to designate the alpine glaciation which affected the central Venezuelan Andes during the Late Pleistocene. Two main moraine levels have been recognized: one with an elevation of , and another with an elevation of . The snow line during the last glacial advance was lowered approximately below the present snow line, which is . The glaciated area in the Cordillera de Mérida was approximately ; this included the following high areas from southwest to northeast: Páramo de Tamá, Páramo Batallón, Páramo Los Conejos, Páramo Piedras Blancas, and Teta de Niquitao.
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Mount Baker and the upper Coleman Glacier While alpine glaciers are a defining feature of the Cascade Range as a whole, this is especially true of the North Cascades. The stratovolcanoes (Mount Baker and Glacier Peak) are the most obviously glaciated peaks and have the largest glaciers, but many of the smaller, nonvolcanic peaks are glaciated as well. For example, the portion of the Cascades north of Snoqualmie Pass (roughly the North Cascades as defined in this article) These glaciers all retreated from 1900-1950. From 1950-1975 many but not all North Cascades glaciers advanced. Since 1975 retreat has become more rapid with all 107 glaciers monitored retreating by 1992.
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Height of land is frequently used in border descriptions, which are set according to the "doctrine of natural boundaries". In glaciated areas it often refers to a low point on a divide where it is possible to portage a canoe from one river system to another.
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The glaciated region is roughly 89% forested with Noble fir, western hemlock, cedar species, pacific silver fir, mountain hemlock and several other tree species. Crossed by the Pacific Crest Trail,Oregon Segment of the Pacific Crest Trail. Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail. Retrieved on February 22, 2008.
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The Qilian Mountains lie on the northeastern rim of the Tibetan Plateau in central China, forming a border between Qinghai Province and Gansu Province. The mountains range in elevation from 3,000 meters to 5,547 meters, with a terrain of rolling hills surrounding rocky and glaciated peaks.
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It also provides evidence for the earliest human settlements in eastern North America, which have been dated to 10,500–11,000 years ago. Additionally, this archaeological site remains one of the few Palaeo-Indian settlements to be identified within the region of North America that was once glaciated.
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Kurtna Ahnejärv Lake The Kurtna Lake District is located in north-eastern Estonia. It consists of about 40 lakes within an area of 30 hectares. The lakes were formed while the area was glaciated. The Kurtna Landscape Protection Area was established in 1987 to preserve its ecology.
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The park geology is composed primarily of sedimentary rocks such as limestone, sandstone and dolomite. The area was glaciated in the past as evidenced by landforms such as eskers, moraines and beach terraces. The area is generally rolling hills. Bathurst Island has a cold dry climate.
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The southern upper valley is heavily glaciated: the Roseg Glacier on the west side and the Tschierva Glacier on the east side. The lake Lej da Vadret, which formed at the bottom of the Roseg Glacier during the 20th century, is the largest of the valley.
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Ammassalik Island's southern coast borders the Irminger Sea, a marginal sea of the open North Atlantic.Tasiilaq, Saga Map, Tage Schjøtt, 1992 The town of Tasiilaq is located on the island's southeastern side. The highest point of the island is a glaciated peak in the northern part, at .
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In some regions of glaciated North America, earthworms have been introduced where they are not native. Non-native earthworms have led to environmental changes by accelerating the rate of decomposition of litter. These changes are being studied, but may have negative impacts on some inhabitants such as salamanders.
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The eastern end of the range was glaciated during the Wisconsinian glaciation, while the western half was not, and consequently, marks the eastern boundary of Wisconsin's Driftless Area. The city of Baraboo is in the center of the valley. The range was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1980.
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Lava domes and pyroclastic flows also originated within the collapse scar. Earthquakes and hydrothermal alteration probably caused the onset of the collapse event. The volcano was glaciated during the last ice age, between 18,000 and 11,500 years ago. This glaciation has left moraines, rock glaciers and roches moutonees.
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It later became the home of L.P. Munger, a physician and fruit-grower. It eventually became the offices of the Health Department for Oceana County. Chadwick-Munger, The Story of a House details the house's history. The exterior of the house is built with glaciated deposited bedrock stones.
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Sandstone is found to the north and south of the range. Glaciated areas with small frontal moraines at one to two km from the cirque have been found.Gibbons W and Moreno T. "The geology of Spain" Geological Society of London, 2002. Accessed at Google Books 13 November 2013.
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Hickson, Cathie with Hollinger, Jason (2014). Wells Gray Rocks. Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC. Flows from nearby Flourmill Cone, Kostal Cone and Spanish Lake Cones rest on glaciated bedrock without an intervening paleosol, suggesting an early Holocene age. Visits to Dragon Cone are very rare due to difficult access.
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Mount Grace is a remote glaciated mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The unofficially named peak is situated east of Anchorage, north of College Fjord, east of Mount Goode, and southwest of Mount Marcus Baker, on land managed by Chugach National Forest.
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Scaniahalvøya is a peninsula in Gustav Adolf Land on Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. It is located south of Wahlenbergfjorden and the bay Palanderbukta, and northeast of Hinlopen Strait. The peninsula is named after the Swedish province of Scania. Large parts of Scaniahlavøya are glaciated, with the two icecaps Vegafonna and Glitnefonna.
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To the northwest was the Baltic ice lake, which was truncated by the edge of the glacier. Species had access to Denmark and southern Sweden. Most of Finland and the Baltic countries were under the ice or the lake for most of the period. Northern Scandinavia was glaciated.
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It has a distinctive glaciated landscape. The Glenshane Pass, part of the A6 Belfast to Derry road, is in the mountains and has notoriously bad weather in winter. Sawel Mountain is the highest peak in the Sperrins, and the seventh highest in Northern Ireland. Its summit rises to .
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Großer Hafner is a high partly-glaciated mountain of the Ankogel Group in the High Tauern range, located at the border between the Austrian states of Carinthia and Salzburg. It is the easternmost three-thousander peak (with at least prominence) of the range, and also in the entire Alps.
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Mount Moffett is a mountainous stratovolcano that forms the summit of Adak Island of the Aleutian Islands in the U.S. state of Alaska. Its peak reaches . It is heavily glaciated and is made primarily of high alumina basalt and andesite. It has never had an eruption in recorded history.
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In Tokat, the soil is glaciated alluvial fan and Yeşilırmak river bed. In the Elazığ and Malatya area, it ranges from red clay to decomposed granite and chalky clay. Typical grape varieties of the region are Narince, Boğazkere and Öküzgözü. The region produces 14.7% of all the country's wine.
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Little Agassiz Rock is a granite monolith on one of the trails. It rests on a small jagged stone, leaving an opening below. A short distance away, other boulders lie perched on the edge of this glaciated upland. Below, in a small shrub swamp, rests thirty-foot-tall Big Agassiz Rock.
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Guayaneco Archipelago from space, June 1998 The Guayaneco Archipelago () is an archipelago in southern Chile. It was heavily glaciated during the most recent ice age. These glaciers dissected these mountain islands into a series of deep river valleys and glacial troughs. Today these glacial troughs are deep channels and fjords.
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On the northeastern part of the group, between Bat (1851 m) and Bunjevačko Brdo (1849 m) groups of peaks, there is huge undulating grassy plateau, a few kilometres long and wide. The average altitude of the area is over 1600 m, and the region was glaciated during the ice ages.
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True to its name, Gletscherland is largely glaciated, with many ice caps and glaciers. It is located southwest of Suess Land, northwest of Lyell Land, and southeast of Goodenoughland. Google Earth The peninsula has a mountainous, Alpine terrain; Mount Lugano is Gletscherland's highest point. The Cecilia Nunatak rises to the southwest.
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Mount Goode, pronounced like "good", is a prominent glaciated mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated east of Anchorage, northwest of College Fjord, west of Mount Grace, and southwest of Mount Marcus Baker, on land managed by Chugach National Forest.
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Around 43 per cent of its area of is glaciated. To the north, in the sound between Barentsøya and Spitsbergen, lies the island of Kükenthaløya. To the south, the sound separating Barents Island from Edgeøya is Freemansundet. In geologic time much of the surface rock has been eroded by glaciation.
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The Erie Plain in Ohio, defined by Lake Erie and the Portage and Marshall Escarpments (in red). The Glaciated Allegheny Plateau in southern Ohio. Humans and animals migrated over the Bering Strait to populate the Americas. They then traveled over hundreds of years into what is now the United States.
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After the Alps, these mountains are the most glaciated in Europe south of the Scandinavian ice sheet. They have very steep limestone slopes with abundant karst features. The Prokletije is a large, rugged, pathless range. It is one of the rare mountain ranges in Europe that has not been explored entirely.
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In early September 2007, near Tsiigehtchic, local resident Shane Van Loon discovered a carcass of a steppe bison, which was radiocarbon dated to c. 13,650 cal BP. This carcass appears to represent the first Pleistocene mummified soft tissue remains from the glaciated regions of northern Canada (Zazula et al. 2009).
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The wide Aqqutikitsoq massif lies to the north of the fjord head. Dog sledge descending into Kangerluarsuk Tulleq in April. The fjord mouth is located at approximately , to the northwest of the town of Sisimiut. In the northeast, the fjord is bounded by the partially glaciated Aqqutikitsoq massif, culminating in .
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Portage Lake as viewed from near the terminus of Burns Glacier. Portage Glacier is visible on the left.Portage Lake is a glacial lake in the Chugach National Forest of Alaska. It sits in a long, heavily glaciated valley, and abuts the calving face of Portage Glacier at its southern end.
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The Kuchenspitze is the second highest peak in the Verwall Group after the Hoher Riffler. Its main summit is not the 3148 spot height, but the peak to the south; to the north are several other subpeaks.Alpenvereinsführer Verwallgruppe 1988, Skizze Übersicht Nord- und Nordostwand, p. 207. The mountain is glaciated.
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Up to three kilometers of sand accumulated in the Central Graben. During the Pleistocene the region was glaciated multiple times, leaving glaciofluvial plains in the west and clay soils in the east. Isostatic rebound and post-glacial thin-skinned folding and thrusting have been common geologic forces in the Holocene.
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Conneaut Township is located in the glaciated plateau of Northwest Pennsylvania. In general, the northern end is drained by Conneaut Creek, which drains to Lake Erie, while the southern end is drained by the Shenango River, via Pymatuning Reservoir. Elevations range from at Pymatuning Reservoir to northeast of Linesville, Pennsylvania.
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It is cut by glaciated canyons and is dotted and threaded by lakes and rushing clear streams. The eastern part of the park is a vast lava plateau more than one mile (1.6 km) above sea level. Here, small cinder cones are found. (Fairfield Peak, Hat Mountain, and Crater Butte).
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Elk Pass (el. ) is a high mountain pass in the Canadian Rockies, traversing the continental divide. It connects the Elk Valley in the province of British Columbia with the Kananaskis Valley in Alberta. The pass is unusual by its width, as the two valleys were created from a single glaciated trench.
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In the valley is Selwyn Rock () a glaciated pavement in the bed of the Inman River. It was first described in 1859 by, and later named for, A.R.C. Selwyn,Alley, N.F.. (1995): Late Palaeozoic. In: Drexel, J.F. & Preiss, W.V. (Eds.) The geology of South Australia. Vol.2, The Phanerozoic. p. 63.
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It receives its name from the family who sold the land to the state. It is located in the Driftless Area of Iowa, a region which escaped being glaciated during the last ice age. It is adjacent to the Canoe Creek Wildlife Management Area and the Upper Iowa Access hunting area.
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The Tuscarawas River is a principal tributary of the Muskingum River, 129.9 miles (209 km) long, in northeastern Ohio in the United States. Via the Muskingum and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of on glaciated and unglaciated portions of the Allegheny Plateau.
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The glaciated summit plateaus and Pleistocene glacial tills of the Kinabalu area including similar deposits near to Mount Tambuyukon indicate that the summits of Tambuyukon, Kinabalu and possibly Trusmadi were significantly higher than other parts of the Crocker Range by the Pleistocene. Together with Mount Kinabalu, it is part of the Wariu Formation.
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Palanderisen is a glaciated area in Gustav Adolf Land at Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. It has an extension of about 35 kilometers and is part of the ice cap of Austfonna, located west of the Sørdomen ice dome, between Etonbreen and Ericadalen. The area is named after Arctic explorer Louis Palander. It includes Sørfonna.
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The average temperature is 13 °C, with a maximum of 25 °C in summer and a minimum of -10 °C in winter. In some summers the summits of the three volcanoes are covered with snow; on top of Mount Ruapehu, snow fields can be found every summer and the summit is glaciated.
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The Last Glacial Maximum and eglaciation in southern South America. Quaternary Science Reviews , vol. 21, 233–241 of which about 4% remains glaciated today in two separated portions known as the Northern and Southern Patagonian Ice Fields. The ice- volume reduction contributed to a global sea level rise of about 1.2 meters.
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Measurements are from recent imagery, generally with Russian 1:200,000 scale topographic mapping for reference as well as the 1990 Orographic Sketch Map: Karakoram: Sheets 1 and 2, Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, Zurich. Approximately 12,500 km2 (ca. 10%) of the Pamirs are glaciated. Glaciers in the Southern Pamirs are retreating rapidly.
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Lower Reed Lake, with the Reed Lakes trail visible at rightThe Reed Lakes are a set of two alpine lakes in the Talkeetna Mountains of Alaska. They are the namesakes of the popular Reed Lakes hiking trail, and are notable for their turquoise color and location in a dramatic glaciated wilderness landscape.
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Kongsvegpasset is a glaciated mountain pass at Spitsbergen, Svalbard, between Oscar II Land, Haakon VII Land and James I Land. It divides the three glaciers Sveabreen, Osbornebreen and Kongsvegen, at an altitude of about 750 meter. An aircraft beacon is installed at the site. Nearby mountains are the nunataks Vegvaktaren, Gjerstadfjellet and Centralen.
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5, pp. 183-196. This areaonly a few hundred square kilometers owing to the blockage the steep relief of the mountains provides at the edge of the ice sheetcontains only old drift now buried by long periods of soil development. The major cities on the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau are Akron and Youngstown.
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Glaciation strongly affected the topography. Several deeply glaciated northeast-facing cirques are present, with steep headwalls and flats or lakes at their floors. Much of the lower elevation area is stepped topography resulting from differential erosion along jointing planes in the granitic bedrock. The climate is high Sierran montane with copious winter snowfall.
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Katar River is a river of central Ethiopia. It arises from the glaciated slopes of Mount Kaka and Mount Badda in the Arsi Zone. The Katar's tributaries include the Gonde. The gradient of the river is generally steep, and areas suitable for irrigation are few in number and very limited in extent.
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The Sustenhorn is a mountain in the Uri Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Bern and Uri. It overlook Susten Pass from the south. Both sides of the massif are glaciated. On the west side (Bern) lies the Stein Glacier and on the east side (Uri) lies the smaller Flachensteinfirn.
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Mount Gordon is a mountain summit located immediately west of the Continental Divide, in the Waputik Range of the Canadian Rockies in British Columbia, Canada. It is a glaciated dome situated in Yoho National Park, and is the highest point of the Wapta Icefield. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Baker, to the northwest.
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Valdez is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and (19.88%) is water. Valdez is located near the head of a deep fjord in the Prince William Sound in Alaska. It is surrounded by the Chugach Mountains, which are heavily glaciated.
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Kalindi pass, or Kalindi khal is a high altitude mountain pass connecting Gangotri and Gastoli. It is situated at elevation and is arguably the most famous trekking pass of the Garhwal Himalaya. The pass is heavily glaciated. The glacier west of the pass flows into the Gangotri Glacier which forms the source of the Ganges.
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Løvenskioldfonna is an icecap in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glaciated area is about ten kilometers long and six kilometer wide, and is located north of St. Jonsfjorden, reaching an altitude of above 500 m. It is named after land owner Carl Otto Løvenskiold. The glacier of Dahlbreen extends from Løvenskioldfonna to Forlandsundet.
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Jairani (possibly from Aymara k'ayra frog, -ni a suffix, "the one with a frog (or frogs)") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Jairani lies northeast of the glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain").
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Map of the Allegheny Plateau. The gray line differentiates the glaciated (northern) and unglaciated (southern) sections of the plateau. The unglaciated plateau extends southwestward into eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, where it is called the Cumberland Plateau. The Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau is located in an arc around southeastern Ohio into western Pennsylvania and West Virginia.
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To the east are the Pamir Mountains. The snow line is lowest in the west (, and highest in the east (). The higher elevations in the Pamir- Alay are in the Pamir alpine desert and tundra ecoregion, and heavily glaciated. To the west, and at lower elevations, is the Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe ecoregion.
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Wilkes Land fronts on the southern Indian Ocean between Queen Mary Coast and Adelie Land, extending from Cape Hordern in 100°31' E to Pourquoi Pas Point, in 136°11' E. The region extends as a sector about 2600 km towards the South Pole, with an estimated land area of 2,600,000 km², mostly glaciated.
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The Trans-Alay is located in the area where the Pamirs and the Tian Shan come together. This heavily glaciated range forms the border between Gorno- Badakshan province in Tajikistan and Osh Province, Kyrgyzstan, stretching eastwards until the border with China. To the north lies the Alay Valley and to the south, the Muksu River.
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Throughout the last glacial maximum, global sea levels were about lower than present levels. When this happened the North Island, South Island, and Stewart Island were joined together. Temperatures dropped by about 4–5 °C. Much of the Southern Alps and Fiordland were glaciated, but the rest of New Zealand was largely ice-free.
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The cave formed within Metaline limestone, a formation from the Cambrian. The surrounding area has been glaciated in at least the last two glacial advances. Several underground stream channels enter the cave near the Mud Room, the furthest section from the entrance, and a seasonal lake occurs when the area is not completely flooded.
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Pilavo is part of the volcanic arc of Ecuador. Other volcanoes in the arc are Pichincha, Pululagua and Sumaco. Pilavo resembles more a shield volcano than a stratovolcano as it consists of long, thin lava flows which form a high but about wide pile. The summit has been weakly glaciated, with a wide central depression.
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"Talkeenta Mountains". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 26 December 2009. Alaska Highway 8, seasonal and unpaved, passes over highlands rising to above , north of the Talkeetnas. Hatcher Pass, a seasonal highway pass across the southwestern corner of the range, provides views into the glaciated interior of the range, and is the location of Independence Mine State Historical Park.
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The volcanic terrain in the Silverthrone area is very similar to the Mount Meager massif further south. However, there is much more ice. Mount Silverthrone is perhaps one of the most heavily glaciated volcanic peaks in southwestern British Columbia. It has a topographic prominence of approximately , greater than any other volcano in southwestern British Columbia.
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The volcanoes are constructed on top of Miocene ignimbrites and are of Pleistocene-Holocene age. An Inca sanctuary has been found on Linzor. Linzor is part of a north-south trending volcanic chain with San Pedro volcano which was heavily glaciated in the past. This chain is parallel to several Paleozoic faults in the region.
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The Pangong range runs parallel to the Ladakh range some 100 km northwest from Chushul, along the southern shore of the Panggong Lake. It is divided from the main range by the Tangtse River. Its highest range is 6700 m, and the northern slopes are heavily glaciated. The Shyok River rises near the Karakoram Pass.
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U-shaped valley on the Afon Fathew near Dolgoch, Wales Yosemite Valley from an airplane A glaciated valley in the Mount Hood Wilderness showing a characteristic U-shape, the bottom's rocky 'rubble' accretion and the broad shoulders There are various forms of valley associated with glaciation that may be referred to as glacial valleys.
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Nansen Island (; Ostrov Nansena) is an island in Franz Josef Land, Russia. The island is partly glaciated and its area is . The highest point of the island is .UNEP - Islands Nansen Island is named in the honor and memory of Arctic explorer Fridtjof Nansen, who explored and charted the Franz Josef Archipelago in 1896.
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The Grand Fir Mixed Forest ecoregion is characterized by high, glaciated plateaus, mountains, and canyons containing high gradient streams and rivers. Scattered lakes occur in glacial rock basins. Elevation varies from . The frigid soils and snowy, continental climate support a mix of grand fir and Douglas-fir, with some ponderosa pine and western larch.
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It has its own summit caldera, and a steep wall on the northern side with uncertain origin. This volcano is glaciated, with a glacier extending between of altitude. The total glacier volume is about and there might be rock glaciers as well. The volcano also shows traces of a sector collapse towards the south-southwest.
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The Gepatschferner glacier and the Weißkugel. Foreground: the Brandenburger Haus The heavily glaciated Weißkamm is an Alpine chain that includes the Weißkugel () and Wildspitze (), the two highest peaks in the Ötztal Alps. Starting from the Weißkugel the Weißkamm runs for about 20 kilometres to the northwest towards Sölden. Other ridges branch off the Weißkamm striking northwards.
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Later, the Cordilleran Ice Sheet carved a deep, north-trending U-shaped valley into the eastern flank of this edifice. The Black Tusk towering above a flower-covered mountain meadow. The light-coloured ridge to the right is a glacial moraine. The Table, a hornblende andesite tuya situated about southeast of Mount Price, rises precipitously above glaciated basement rocks.
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Agattu is unique among the volcanic Aleutian Islands in being composed almost entirely of well-bedded sedimentary rocks. These rocks were clearly deposited in water and are composed chiefly of amorphous silica and fine detritus derived from a volcanic terrain. Igneous rocks are sparsely represented by intrusions of porphyry, diabase, and trap. The entire island has been heavily glaciated.
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Eyebrow Peak is a prominent glaciated mountain summit located in the Purcell Mountains in southeast British Columbia, Canada. It is the ninth-highest peak in the Purcells. It is situated south of The Bugaboos, west of Invermere, north of Mount Monica, and east of Duncan Lake. Its nearest higher peak is Commander Mountain, to the southeast.
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Isaac Palmer founded the village of Lodi in 1846 in what was then the Pleasant Valley Precinct of the Wisconsin Territory. He named it after Lodi, in Italy. Palmer chose this glaciated valley as the location for the village because of its water power potential. Spring Creek powered a sawmill that year and a grist mill followed in 1850.
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Annual average precipitation for New York state Average precipitation across the region show maxima within the mountains of the Appalachians. Between and of precipitation falls annually across the Northeastern United States,Allan D. Randall (1996). Mean Annual Runoff, Precipitation, and Evapotranspiration in the Glaciated Northeast United States, 1951-1980. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved on 2008-03-01.
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In 2012, he successfully crowd-funded via a Kickstarter campaign for an expedition with the climate researchers Jason Box and Maurio Pelto, to assess the state of glaciers around Mount Baker, an active glaciated stratovolcano. In 2013, he went to Greenland with members of the Dark Snow Project and Bill McKibben, as their videographer, to document Greenland's surface melting.
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Supraglacial lakes can occur in all glaciated areas. The retreating glaciers of the Himalaya produce vast and long lived lakes, many kilometres in diameter and scores of metres deep. These may be bounded by moraines; some are deep enough to be density stratified. Most have been growing since the 1950s; the glaciers have been retreating constantly since then.
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In 2016, Jarvis and colleague Royal Marines Sergeant Major Barry Gray went on an information-gathering and mountain-climbing expedition to Ecuador for the 25zero project. They successfully summited three glaciated mountains in Ecuador: Illiniza Sur (5,248 m), Antisana (5,704 m) and Chimborazo (6,310 m). The trip coincided with the ongoing UN climate change talks in Marrakech (COP22).
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The Corossol Structure: a glaciated crater of possible impact origin in the northwestern Gulf of St Lawrence, eastern Canada. In Dowdeswell, J. A., Canals, M., Jakobsson, M., Todd, B. J., Dowdeswell, E. K. & Hogan, K. A. (eds) 2016. Atlas of Submarine Glacial Landforms: Modern, Quaternary and Ancient. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 46(1), pp.127–128.
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During the Cenozoic, uplift and erosion continued in the northern Appalachians. Maine became extensively glaciated during the Pleistocene. Extensive erosion altered much of the region's surface while the ice weighted down the continental crust. The release of stress and the slow rebound of the land surface since the end of the Pleistocene has generated new uplift, fractures and erosion.
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These valleys often have no surface expression, but constitute a major source of groundwater in the glaciated mid- continent region of North America and Northern Europe. Recently, research has been focused on understanding the sedimentology of these formations in an effort to determine the safety of continued use of the aquifers which are often found in them.
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Its highest point is near the centre at . Brady Island off the west coast is a relatively large island and is mostly glaciated. It is located west of MacKlintok Island's northwestern tip, separated from it by the wide Aberdare Sound (Proliv Abyerder). The highest point on Brady Island is ; it was named after the English scientist George Brady.
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The community was first formed around 1906. The township is named after geologist A. P. Coleman, who did extensive work in the region in the late 1800s. Coleman also mapped the Sudbury Basin leading to important nickel discoveries, and proved conclusively that the area had been repeatedly glaciated. The township celebrated its first 100 years in 2006.
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The linear geological feature of Moine Thrust Belt runs northeast across the area from near Kyle of Lochalsh. The area was heavily glaciated during the ice age, with all but the highest peaks being covered by glaciers, leading to the steep-sided glens and deep sea lochs that characterise the area today.Wester Ross Biosphere Reserve Application. p. 54.
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Eriogonum spectabile is a rare species of wild buckwheat known by the common name Barron's buckwheat. It is endemic to Plumas County, California, where it is known from two occurrences in Lassen National Forest near Chester. There are approximately 250 individuals in existence.Flora of North America It grows in scrubby, forested mountain habitat, only on glaciated andesite substrates.
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While only alpine scrub is found in the glaciated upper catchment of the river, temperate conifer and broad leafed forests cover the steep slopes of the narrow valley at lower levels. Semi-nomadic communities inhabit the Panjang valley. Charkabhotgaon and Phijorgaon are two villages in the area. The Panjang passes through Shey Phoksundo National Park, Nepal's largest in area.
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Others include the Kotlik Lagoon, Imik Lagoon and Aukulak Lagoon. The local bedrock is composed of limestone, dolomite, phyllite and chert from the Precambrian through Devonian times. The land was glaciated during the Illinoian glaciation, but was free of permanent ice during the Wisconsonian glaciation. Longshore currents have deposited beach ridges since then for 6,000 years.
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Untere Glocknerscharte, 12. Glocknerwand The Grossglockner rock summit, due to its high Alpine, heavily glaciated appearance, is often compared to the mountains of the Western Alps. Together with the Kleinglockner to the southeast it forms a distinctive double peak. There are differing views in the literature as to whether the Kleinglockner is a subpeak or a separate main summit.
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A soil known as the Albrights Series is found along the creek. It is a reddish-brown soil that is slightly poorly or moderately well drained and is made from glaciated red shale and sandstone. Roaring Creek has a 100 year floodplain. The average annual rate of precipitation in the watershed of Roaring Creek ranges from .
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Glacier View Wilderness is a wilderness adjacent to the west side of Mount Rainier National Park in Washington state. It was designated as wilderness in 1984. Glacier View Wilderness has views of the glaciated slopes of Mount Rainier which lies to the east. This includes viewing points from Mt. Belijica (5,476 feet) and Glacier View Point (5,507 feet).
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Indian Chimney Falls is a 60-foot (18.2 m) waterfall in Lansing, New York. It is named after a nearby shale formation formed by a creek. The creek with its waterfall are a hanging valley entering as a tributary to the glaciated main valley of Cayuga Lake. This waterfall is located on Indian Chimney Farm, an agritourism farm.
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Mount Witherspoon is a elevation glaciated summit located northwest of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. It's set on land managed by Chugach National Forest. This remote mountain, fifth-highest in the Chugach range, is situated northwest of Mount Einstein, with the heads of Yale Glacier and Columbia Glacier between the summits.Chugach Mountains, Peakbagger.
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During the Ordovician, in fact during the Tremadocian, marine transgressions worldwide were the greatest for which evidence is preserved. These volcanic island arcs eventually collided with proto North America to form the Appalachian mountains. By the end of the Late Ordovician the volcanic emissions had stopped. Gondwana had by that time neared the South Pole and was largely glaciated.
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Clear Creek is a tributary of the Hocking River. It starts in western Fairfield County and flows southwest into northern Hocking County. In the upper half of the creek's watershed was glaciated and currently has a large amount of agricultural land use. The lower half is part of the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau and is much more forested.
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The Cathedral Range is shaped from Cathedral Peak Granodiorite. The Cathedral Peak Granodiorite forms part of the central eastern Sierra Nevada in California. It is exposed in glaciated outcrops from the upper Yosemite Valley into the high Sierra Divide. It covers large parts of Mariposa County and Tuolumne County and also touches Madera County and Mono County.
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The Svalbard Archipelago lies in the Arctic Ocean about half way [] between northern Norway and the North Pole. The islands are mountainous, their peaks permanently covered with snow and some are glaciated. There are occasional river terraces at the bottom of steep valleys and some coastal plain. In winter, snow covers the islands and the bays ice over.
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The highest mountain is Retziusfjellet at the western side of the island, with an altitude of 320 m.a.s.l. Johnsenberget, at the eastern part of the island, reaches the height of 235 meters. The interior of the eastern side contains the plain Rundisflya, named by the circular glaciated area Rundisen. Rundisflya has a height of 50 m.a.s.l.
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Spaghetti diagrams have been used to study why butterflies are found where they are, and to see how topographic features (such as mountain ranges) limit their migration and range. Within mammal distributions across central North America, these plots have correlated their edges to regions which were glaciated within the previous ice age, as well as certain types of vegetation.
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Geomorphology, 9(1), 33-45. Glaciated terrain is not the only site of hanging streams and valleys. Hanging valleys are also simply the product of varying rates of erosion of the main valley and the tributary valleys. The varying rates of erosion are associated with the composition of the adjacent rocks in the different valley locations.
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There are more than 3500 individual engravings at this site, predominantly pecked geometric images, occur on glaciated basement rock exposed in the bed of the river and are submerged when the river rises. Archaeologists and geomorphologists have estimated that the engravings may have been made in two episodes – before about 2500 years ago and after about 1000 years ago.
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Mount Bailey is part of the High Cascades in the western United States. The High Cascades have long been glaciated, by both Pacific-bred storms and natural, elevation-caused, glaciation. In fact, glaciation probably formed on them as early as the late Miocene. Over time, as the range built up, newer activity diminished older Tertiary age rock.
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The Sapphires contain three large National Forest roadless areas, in addition to the officially protected Welcome Creek Wilderness. The northernmost, about 77,000 acres in size, is centered on Quigg Peak, el. 8419 ft. This area is characterized by thousands of acres of sliderock or talus slopes, and extensive Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine forests rising to open, glaciated ridges.
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Solimana is a volcanic massif in the Andes of Peru, South America, that is approximately high. It is considered an extinct stratovolcano that is part of the Central Volcanic Zone, one of the volcanic belts of the Andes. It features a caldera as well as traces of a sector collapse and subsequent erosion. The volcano is glaciated.
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Soil texture was the main differentiating soil characteristic used in the early survey process. Soil series were soon to follow as groupings of soil types. By 1906 Miami soil series included 16 soil types from the glaciated regions and Norfolk series included 12 soil types from the coastal plains. Several other characteristics were added by that time.
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Sawtooth Mountains Much of the SNRA was heavily glaciated, especially in the Sawtooth Mountains where remnants of these glaciers exist as glacial lakes, moraines, hanging valleys, cirques, and arêtes. The Sawtooth Fault stretches long, and runs through the Sawtooth Valley, while the two past large earthquakes likely took place on the fault around 7,000 and 4,000 years b.p.
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Choquequirao is situated at an elevation of 3,000 m above sea level on a southwest-facing spur of a glaciated peak above the Apurimac River.Ziegler 2011, pp.162–163. The region is characterized by mountain topography and covered with Amazonian flora and fauna.Echevarría López 2009, p.214. It is 98 km west of Cusco, in the Vilcabamba range.
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Fonda is located at (42.582819, -94.845810). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. The town is located at the western edge of the Des Moines Lobe, the most recently glaciated section of Iowa. The Des Moines Lobe is part of the prairie pothole region of the Midwest.
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The highest peaks, such as the Mount Rainier, dominate their surroundings for . The northern part of the range, north of Mount Rainier, is known as the North Cascades in the United States but is formally named the Cascade Mountains north of the Canada–United States border, reaching to the northern extremity of the Cascades at Lytton Mountain. Overall, the North Cascades and Canadian Cascades are extremely rugged; even the lesser peaks are steep and glaciated, and valleys are quite low relative to peaks and ridges, so there is great local relief. The southern part of the Canadian Cascades, particularly the Skagit Range, is geologically and topographically similar to the North Cascades, while the northern and northeastern parts are less glaciated and more plateau-like, resembling nearby areas of the Thompson Plateau.
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In the Alps a high mountain tour is known in the German-speaking areas as a Hochtour where, above a height of about 3,000 metres (High Alps), many mountains are at least partly glaciated. Important historic milestones in the development of high mountain touring in the Alps were the first ascents of the Ankogel (3,262 m) in 1762, Mont Blanc (4,810 m) in 1786, the Großglockner (3,798 m) in 1800 and the Ortler (3,905 m) in 1804 as well as the conquest of many high western Alpine summits during the golden age of Alpinism around the middle of the 19th century. In other parts of the world the term may be misleading. For example, in many non-Alpine areas, such as the polar regions, much lower mountains are glaciated.
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Lake Cholila (Lago Cholila) is a lake in Chubut Province, Argentina. Lake Cholila is the uppermost of several large lakes in the Futaleufú River system of Argentina that via Yelcho Lake and the Yelcho River flows into the Pacific Ocean in Chile. The lake is of glacial origin and occupies a narrow east to west valley between glaciated peaks of the Andes.
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A glaciated dacitic lava flow is dated 0.096±0.006 Ma by K-Ar analysis. North of Isluga lies the dissected Quimsachatas volcano, which has been dated at 0.566±0.017 Ma. Both the summit crater and the area below the crater on the southern flank are faintly fumarolically active, with yellow sulfur deposits observed. The fumaroles appear to produce water vapour.
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Youngs Peak is a glaciated mountain summit in Glacier National Park, in the Selkirk Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It is south of Rogers Pass, northeast of Revelstoke, and west of Golden. The mountain was first climbed in 1898 by Charles Ernest Fay and Redt F. Curtis. The mountain's name was officially adopted February 8, 1977, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
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Truce Mountain is a glaciated mountain summit located in the Purcell Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It is situated north of Kaslo, on the northern boundary of Purcell Wilderness Conservancy Provincial Park and Protected Area. The nearest higher peak is Mount Hamill, to the southeast. Other nearby peaks include Mount Macbeth, to the northwest, and Archduke Mountain, to the west.
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He served at Siachen for more than a year in the early days of Siachen conflict with India. He established military posts at Siachen and served at glaciated heights of around 20,000 feet. As a Lt. Col, he commanded an Infantry battalion at Okara and then as a Brigadier-General, commanded two infantry brigades, one of which was at Minimarg in Gilgit Baltistan.
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Sasoma is a settlement in Nubra Valley, Ladakh consisting of villages such as the Gya village. A road is being constructed from Sasoma to Saser La by the Border Roads Organisation which will be the world first glaciated motorable road once completed. Another road, the Khalsar-Sasoma road with a bridge on the Chamesahn Lungpa stream, connects Khalsar to Sasoma.
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During the Llanquihue glaciation Magellanic moorland extended to the non-glaciated lowlands of Chiloé Island and further north to the lowlands of Chilean lake district (latitude 41° S). The classification of Magellanic moorland has proven problematic as substrate, low temperatures and exposure to the ocean influences the development of the Magallanic moorland. It thus may qualify either as polar tundra or heathland.
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Unollocsina (possibly from Quechua unu, yaku water, lluqsina exit, "water exit") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Checacupe District, and in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Unollocsina lies north of the glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain"), east of Millo.
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Black and white print of lithograph by Samuel Prout, 1783-1852 Tal-y-llyn Lake, (), also known as Talyllyn Lake and Llyn Myngul, is a large glacial ribbon lake in Gwynedd, North Wales. It is formed by a post-glacial massive landslip damming up the lake within the glaciated valley. The hamlet of Talyllyn lies at the west end of the lake.
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This activity produced breccias, tuffs and plagioclase-phyric flows, all of which form the present day edifice of Crevasse Crag. Analyses of major, trace and rare-earth elements indicate that dacite, andesite and basaltic andesite lava flows form its lower flanks. These overlie Late Cretaceous and younger intrusive rocks that form the glaciated mountain ridge on which Crevasse Crag lies.
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The Burren () is a region of environmental interest primarily located in northwestern County Clare, Ireland, dominated by glaciated karst (or sometimes glaciokarst Burren National Park - Geology - "The Burren is one of the finest examples of a Glacio-Karst landscape in the world. At least two glacial advances are known in the Burren area.") landscape. It measures, depending on the definition, between and .
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The Northern short grasslands includes parts of the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, and the American Great Plains states of Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming, South Dakota and Nebraska. One of 867 terrestrial ecoregions defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) further breaks this ecoregion into the Northwestern Glaciated Plains and Northwestern Great Plains.
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The Kitimat River originates from glacial meltwater on the northern slopes of Atna Peak. The area also feeds the headwaters of the Dala River, Atna River, Clore River, and Kemano River. The Kitimat River headwaters lie northwest of Atna River Provincial Park. The Kitimat flows north in a steep valley surrounded by glaciated mountains, such as Mount Davies and Davies Glacier.
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The glaciated, mostly-granite bowls and moraines of the Falls Creek watershed are home to many lakes, both named and unnamed. These include Dorothy, Mary, Tilden, Wilma, and Vernon lakes. The creek runs year round and is known to produce large amounts of runoff, often flooding bridges that carry the Hetch Hetchy trail over its mouth in the peak of snowmelt.
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The Tschingel Pass (2,787 m) is a high mountain pass of the Bernese Alps, connecting Kandersteg with Stechelberg in the Bernese Oberland. It is the lowest pass between the upper Kandertal and the valley of Lauterbrunnen. The pass is glaciated and separated the Kander Glacier from the Tschingel Glacier. It lies between the Blüemlisalp and the Tschingelhorn and is overlooked by the Mutthorn.
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Map showing volcanoes of Alaska Peninsula. Dutton is a highly glaciated volcano. Its summit is composed of a series of lava domes which form a complex stratovolcano. The mountain's recent history is marked by at least avalanche which removed andesitic lava flows and several lava domes from the flank of its body and swiftly cascaded westward and southward towards Belkofski Bay.
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There are many glaciers on Mount Spickard's slopes and neighboring ridges. Silver Glacier extends over a mile from Spickard's summit north through a large cirque to Silver Lake. The high terrain southwest of Mount Spickard is intensely glaciated, with numerous glaciers, some very large, extending over to Mount Redoubt. There are four main drainage basins reaching to the slopes of Mount Spickard.
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The Dylife Gorge, located near Dylife, Powys, Mid Wales, was carved by the action (and aftermath) of the last Ice age. It is headed by the Ffrwd Fawr Waterfall. Before the last Ice age, the River Twymyn did not flow through the valley. When the valley was filled by a glacier, the ice ground out a U-shaped glaciated valley.
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Monte Balmaceda is a heavily glaciated mountain located in the Magallanes Region of Chile. It stands at the head of Última Esperanza Sound, in the south portion of Bernardo O'Higgins National Park and near the mouth of the Serrano River. The glaciers Balmaceda and Serrano mantle the slopes of the mount. In its vicinity is Torres del Paine National Park.
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Mount Fee and its prominent edifice. The larger and lightly glaciated mountain below Mount Fee is the northern subglacial dome of Ember Ridge. The andesite lava of Ember Ridge comprises 55% brownish-green volcanic glass with a trachytic matrix of plagioclase. About 35% of Ember Ridge andesite contains phenocrysts of hornblende, augite, plagioclase and orthopyroxene and exist as isolated crystals and clots.
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The Kokosing River in Mount Vernon in 2006 Mount Vernon is located at (40.392738, −82.481151). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. The city lies in the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau and is surrounded by rolling hills and valleys. The Kokosing River and U.S. Route 36 pass through the city.
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During the Pleistocene epoch, Britain's climate alternated between long periods of extreme cold and relative warmth; at least the last three cold spells lead to glaciation, during which ice moved southwards across England.May 1976, pp. 10–13 Lincolnshire was covered by ice in the Anglian and Wolstonian glacial stages and the eastern parts of the county were glaciated during the Devensian.Membery, p.
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Mount Shuksan is a glaciated massif in the North Cascades National Park. Shuksan rises in Whatcom County, Washington immediately to the east of Mount Baker, and south of the Canada–US border. The mountain's name Shuksan is derived from the Lummi word [šéqsən], said to mean "high peak". The highest point on the mountain is a three sided peak known as Summit Pyramid.
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Mount Smolikas (, Aromanian: Smolcu) is a mountain in the Ioannina regional unit, northwestern Greece. At a height of 2,637 metres above sea level, it is the highest of the Pindus Mountains, and the second highest mountain in Greece after Mount Olympus. The mountain consists of ophiolite rocks. During several periods in the Pleistocene the northern and eastern cirques and valleys were glaciated.
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Mount Cooper is a prominent 3,094-meter (10,151-foot) glaciated mountain summit located in the Selkirk Mountains of southeast British Columbia, Canada. It is situated northwest of Kaslo, within Goat Range Provincial Park. Mt. Cooper is the highest peak in the Goat Range and Slocan Ranges, which are subsets of the Selkirks. The nearest higher peak is Truce Mountain, to the east-northeast.
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Cima Piazzi, Cima de' Piazzi, del Piazzi or di Piazzi (3,439m) is the highest mountain of the Livigno Alps in Lombardy, Italy. It has a summit elevation of above sea level and is located near to the town of Bormio. It has a beautiful and imposing north face, which is covered with ice, and three long ridges, and is glaciated on all sides.
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All of Somerset County lies far to the south of the glacial boundary, and thus it was never glaciated. However, during the Pleistocene epoch (the Ice Age), periglacial processes dominated. Most of the county was most likely a tundra during the Pleistocene. Patterned ground typical of tundra is still visible at Mount Davis, although it is somewhat obscured by vegetation.
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Several lava domes were emplaced on top of lava flows from Tunupa on its eastern flank. Pyroclastic flows are found on the northern flank. Erosion and glaciation have generated a deposit of eroded material that surrounds much of the volcano. The mountain was glaciated in the past, and large valley glaciers descended to elevations of when they reached their largest extent.
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Brecksville is defined by its wooded bluffs and ravines which are a result of the geological confluence of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau and the Great Lakes Basin. Brecksville's eastern border is traversed by the Cuyahoga River and borders Sagamore Hills Township and Boston Township, southern border Richfield Township (all three townships in Summit County), western border Broadview Heights and northern border Independence.
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The Knockshinnoch disaster was a mining accident that occurred in September 1950 in the village of New Cumnock, Ayrshire, Scotland. A glaciated lake filled with liquid peat and moss flooded pit workings trapping more than a hundred miners underground. For several days rescue teams worked non-stop to reach the trapped men. Most were eventually rescued three days later, but 13 died.
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The total area of the archipelago is about , of which about 90 percent is glaciated. The Inaccessible Islands about to the west are considered part of the South Orkneys. The climate of the South Orkneys is generally cold, wet, and windy. Summers are short and cold (December to March) when the average temperatures reach about and fall to about in July.
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The area currently classified as taiga in Europe and North America (except Alaska) was recently glaciated. As the glaciers receded they left depressions in the topography that have since filled with water, creating lakes and bogs (especially muskeg soil) found throughout the taiga. Yukon, Canada. Several of the world's longest rivers go through the taiga, including Ob, Yenisei, Lena, and Mackenzie.
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The Low Olympics ecoregion contains foothills and lower mountains of the Olympic Range, with U-shaped valleys and high gradient streams. It rises to an elevation of approximately . Higher areas were glaciated. Copious precipitation (up to a year) supports a lush, epiphyte-rich rainforest of western hemlock, western red cedar, and Douglas-fir, with Pacific silver fir at higher elevations.
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The Cascade Crest Montane Forest ecoregion consists of an undulating plateau punctuated by volcanic buttes and cones that reach a maximum elevation of about . Volcanism in the Pliocene epoch overtopped the existing Miocene volcanics of the Western Cascades Montane Highlands. Later, Pleistocene glaciation left numerous rock- basin lakes throughout the plateau. Sinuous, medium gradient streams cross the subdued, glaciated terrain.
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Petzeck (3,283m) is the highest mountain of the Schober Group in the High Tauern range, Austria. The mountain has a 1,000m high north face but its southern slope is more gentle, with lakes such as Kreuzsee and Wangenitzsee on its slopes. Its south western slope is glaciated. The mountain is quieter than its near neighbours such as Grossglockner or Hoher Sonnblick.
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The first scenario proposes a total extinction of species within glaciated areas with survival events in peripheral refugia in the south and successive massive postglacial migration into empty areas (tabula rasa hypothesis). The second scenario proposes long-term in situ survival within glaciated regions (glacial survival hypothesis), either in isolated northern ice-free micro-refugia at the edge of the ice sheet, or on exposed mountains not covered with ice within the ice sheet (nunatak hypothesis). For boreal and cold-tolerant species the glacial survival hypothesis is credible, though controversial, and a growing body of molecular data are now supporting it for both plant and animal species. A number of recent studies have shown that several northern regions (above latitudes >45° N) have supported low-density boreal and temperate tree populations during the late-glacial or Early Holocene [e.g.
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Bencorr sits on its own mini-massif and is linked by a short high rocky north-eastern ridge to Bencorr North Top at , which gives Bencorr the profile of a "double summit" when viewed from a distance. One of Bencorr's more distinctive features is its long rocky north-easterly spur, known as Carrot Ridge (), on which sits the subsidiary peaks of Binn an tSaighdiúra (whose prominence of only eight metres, making it an easy peak to miss), and at the far end of the spur, Bencorrbeg . Bencorr (and Bencorr North Top) lie at the junction of two major glaciated U-shaped valleys. To the northeast is the Gleninagh Valley (, meaning "Valley of Ivy", from which the Gleninagh river flows; to the west of Bencorr is the glaciated valley of the Glencoaghan River, which is bounded by several Bens.
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The Northeastern Nebraska Loess Hills have an older, coarser loess mantle that is not as weathered as in ecoregions to the south. The climate is generally cooler with slightly less annual precipitation than in southern glaciated regions. Cropland agriculture, especially corn, is common, and there is more irrigated agriculture and pastureland, but fewer scattered woodlands than in neighboring Western Corn Belt Plains (47) regions.
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Edgeøya (bottom) and Barentsøya (top) The reserve is dominated by strandlines and patterned ground, although large sections are glaciated. On Edgeøya, many areas have raised beach deposits, giving distinct strandline, and showing whale bones formerly below sea level. The most popular places are Kapp Lee, Diskobukta and Halvmåneøya for tourists. There is an all-year visitation ban on Zieglerøya, Delitschøya, Spekkholmen, Haudegen and large parts of Halvmåneøya.
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A connected body of water, the Ramsay Sea, stretched from the Danish islands region to the shores of Estonia. The Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland were still glaciated, as well as nearly all of Sweden north of Scania. In the Allerød warm-period, rising land in the Denmark region created the Baltic Ice Lake. It egressed through a small channel in the Strait of Øresund.
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The Tordrillos are primarily a volcanic range, like most of the neighboring Aleutian Range; however some of the peaks (for example, Mount Torbert) are not volcanoes. Mount Spurr, the southernmost peak in the range, had its most recent eruption in June 1992. They are heavily glaciated, partly due to their location near Cook Inlet. Major glaciers include the Capps Glacier, Triumvirate Glacier, Hayes Glacier, and Trimble Glacier.
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Map of Kenai Fjords National Park The park lies on the southeastern side of the Kenai Peninsula, about south of Anchorage. The nearest large town is Seward, immediately to the east of the park on Resurrection Bay. The park includes the region's deeply indented glaciated coastline and its interior icefields. The most significant fjords include Aialik Bay, Harris Bay, McCarty Fjord and Nuka Bay.
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Predominant rock types include shale and graywacke, with greenstone, tuff and chert. The erosive power of the glaciers produces sediment as rock flour coloring the waters around the toes of glaciers, carrying minerals into the ecosystem that support phytoplankton, which in turn sustain larger animals. Kenai Fjords is extensively glaciated, with 51% of the park covered by ice. The Harding Icefield receives of snowfall per year.
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The plant communities at Kenai Fjords are shaped by glacial retreat. New lands exposed in former glacier beds are at first stony, lacking in soil. The first plants to appear in recently glaciated areas are lichens and mosses, with a few hardy plants such as dwarf fireweed and yellow dryas. These pioneers are followed by other plants as the moss and lichen break rock down into soil.
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Other important summits are the Schärhorn, the Clariden, the Düssi, the Gross Windgällen, the Gross Ruchen, Piz Giuv and the Bristen. The Maderanertal include two large lateral valleys: the Etzlital and the Brunnital, drained by the Etzlibach and the Brunnibach respectively (both left tributaries). The upper valley is heavily glaciated, the largest glacier being the Hüfi Glacier. The Maderanertal belongs to the municipality of Silenen.
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The upper parts of the Rees River occupies a formerly glaciated valley that was fed by the Tyndall Glacier, which now drains into the adjacent Dart Valley. Below Rees Saddle the river valley is constrained by a series of steep alluvial fans that are fed from tributary basins. The lithology of the Rees catchment is highly erodible schist of the Aspiring lithologic association.Turnbull, I. M. (2000).
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Cunorana (possibly from Aymara for a variety of potato of the qhini group, (see: Variedad de papa qhini)) is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is situated in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Cunorana lies southeast of Millo in the northeastern part of the large glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain").
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The habitats of the black bears are generally the southern forested areas of the bay. However, the brown bears are mostly found in the northern, more recently glaciated zones of the Glacier Bay. Occasionally, black bears are sighted near the glaciers or near Gustavus town. Black bears with black dots and brown bears with brown dots have been seen over the last 10 years.
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Chipmunk Mountain (middle), an extinct Miocene volcano that formed during the time of Pemberton Belt volcanism. About southeast of Lillooet Lake is the Crevasse Crag Volcanic Complex. It is about 16 million years old, situated on the summit of a glaciated mountain ridge made of Late Cretaceous and younger intrusive rocks. These form part of the large Coast Plutonic Complex, which extends along the British Columbia Coast.
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The Svalbard Archipelago is in the Arctic Ocean, from the North Pole. The islands are mountainous with permanently snow-covered peaks, some glaciated; there are occasional river terraces at the bottom of steep valleys and some coastal plains. In winter, the islands are covered in snow and the bays ice over. Spitzbergen Island has several large fiords along its west coast and Isfjorden is up to wide.
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Mount Silverthrone is glaciated mountain summit located in Denali National Park and Preserve, in the Alaska Range, in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is situated east of Denali. The first ascent of this peak was made April 23, 1945, by Bradford Washburn. It was so named by the U.S. Army Forces Cold Weather test party because of its stately appearance at the head of Brooks Glacier.
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In glaciated areas where the glacier moves faster than one km per year, glacial earthquakes occur. These are large scale earthquakes that have seismic magnitudes as high as 6.1."Seasonality and Increasing Frequency of Greenland Glacial Earthquakes" , Ekström, G., M. Nettles, and V.C. Tsai (2006) Science, 311, 5768, 1756–1758, "Analysis of Glacial Earthquakes" Tsai, V. C. and G. Ekström (2007). J. Geophys. Res.
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Crescent shaped cracks in the glaciated pavements at Hallett Cove show that the ice flowed N/NW towards what is now the center of Australia. The ice thus originated in the uplands of land to the south. If current theories of continental drift are correct, this land was Antarctica. The Permian record at Hallett Cove not only records the passage of glaciers but their retreat.
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Fossil sandar (i.e. no longer active) are found in areas which were formerly glaciated. An example would be the Usk Valley of South Wales where towards the end of the last ice age, the receding Usk valley glacier left behind a series of recessional moraines and sandar deposits down-valley of them. Many of the sandar surfaces are still visible albeit degraded over succeeding millennia.
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The valley takes its name from the Cachapoal River that flows through Rapel Valley along with its tributaries, the Claro and Cortaderal rivers. All these watercourses flow into Rapel Lake. Cachapoal River begun to incise in the rising Andes in the Miocene epoch. Later, as glaciers developed in the Andes the upper part of the valley was glaciated and reshaped into a glacial valley.
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The Sasoma–Sasser La Road or the Sasoma–Saser Pass Road is a road being constructed in Ladakh, which once complete could provide an alternative route to the Daulat Beg Oldi (DBO), currently being served by Sub-Sector North road. Being constructed at a height of by the Border Roads Organisation under Project Himank, it will be the "world's first glaciated motorable road" once completed.
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The park has seven natural altitude zones, ranging from mountain steppe to alpine and glaciated peaks. Approximately one-third of the park is forested, including sparse forests of juniper. The non-forest land includes rocky peaks and over 11 km2 of glaciers. The area is known for having many wild varieties of well-known cultivated fruit and nut trees: apple, pear, walnut, plum, and grape.
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Mount Valhalla, elevation (12,135 ft), is a glaciated summit located northwest of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. It's set on land managed by Chugach National Forest. This remote mountain, fourth-highest in the Chugach range, is situated northeast of Mount Witherspoon, and north of Mount Einstein. It is named after Valhalla, the seat of the gods in Norse mythology.
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Girls Mountain is a glaciated mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated east of Valdez, north-northwest of Thompson Pass, and west of the Richardson Highway. Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from its glaciers drains into tributaries of the Tsina River, which in turn is part of the Copper River drainage basin.
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The closest peak to Fernow is Copper Peak, to the north, and the nearest higher peak is Bonanza Peak, to the north. Mount Fernow is flanked by several glaciers. Other large glaciated peaks are nearby, such as Seven Fingered Jack to the south. The headwaters of the Entiat River rise from the south slopes of Mount Fernow and the east slopes of Seven Fingered Jack.
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Aletsch Glacier The Jungfrau-Aletsch site is almost untouched, except for trails and mountain huts. It is deeply glaciated. About half of the area is higher than 2,600 metres, a few hundred metres lower than the limit between the glaciers accumulation and ablation zones. The total area covered by glacier is 35,000 ha, it constitutes the largest continuous area of ice in the Alps.
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The Glaciated Allegheny Plateau southeast of Cleveland included steep Appalachian Mountains foothills that thousands of years ago had a dense Beech-Maple forest. By the time that Europeans made contact with Native Americans, the Erie Plain had wide river estuaries, coastal marshes, small prairies, and a mixed oak forest. The Central Till Plain had areas of native beech-oak-hickory woodland and "rolling terrain of glacial soils".
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Huanacune (possibly from Aymara wanaku, wanaqu guanaco, -ni Aymara suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with the guanaco") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is situated in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Checacupe District. Huanacune lies northwest of the glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain"), southwest of Unollocsina and Millo. Tallacunca is to the southwest.
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The Svalbard Archipelago is in the Arctic Ocean from the North Pole. The islands are mountainous, with permanently snow-covered peaks, some glaciated; there are occasional river terraces at the bottom of steep valleys and some coastal plains. In winter, the islands are covered in snow and the bays ice over. Spitzbergen Island has several large fiords along its west coast and Isfjorden is up to wide.
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Coniston Water is situated within Furness, part of the North Lonsdale exclave of the historic county of Lancashire. Since 1974, it is within the administrative county of Cumbria. Coniston Water is an example of a ribbon lake formed by glaciation. The lake sits in a deep U-shaped glaciated valley scoured by a glacier in the surrounding volcanic and limestone rocks during the last ice age.
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Refuge lands extend eastward toward the headwaters of the Selawik River and the Continental Divide. The refuge is administered from offices in Kotzebue. Some of the land includes alpine tundra, arctic tundra, taiga, lake and wetland complexes, large river deltas, open grass and sedge meadows, and previously glaciated mountains and river valleys. Rolling, vegetated sand dunes were formed by the last retreat of the glaciers.
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MacKlintok Island or McClintock Island, named after Irish explorer of the Arctic Francis Leopold McClintock, lies to the east of Brady Island, which lies to the east of Leigh-Smith Island and Hooker Island. This island, located within latitude 80.20° N and longitude 54.80° E, is roughly square-shaped. Its maximum length is and its mapped shore length is . Its area is , It is largely glaciated.
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142-143 The Xiaoxiang Range was heavily glaciated during the last glacial period leaving many cirques and tarns dotted along the ridgeline today. The Xiaoxiang Range is drained to west by the Anning River and its tributaries. The Anning separates the Xiaoxiang from the Miaoniu Mountains to the west. To the north and east, the Xiaoxiang is drained by tributaries of the Dadu River.
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Mt. Pisgah is a peak located in northeastern Pennsylvania's Glaciated Low Plateau region, also known as the Endless Mountains. The mountain peak lies next to a state park named after the mountain, Mt. Pisgah State Park. There is a hiking trail to the summit that has a view of the surrounding countryside, feet below. Stephen Foster lake is also located at the base of the mountain.
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Mount Gilbert is a prominent glaciated mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated east of Anchorage, northeast of Whittier, and northeast of Mount Muir, on land managed by Chugach National Forest. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the mountain rises up from tidewater at Harriman Fjord in Prince William Sound in less than six miles.
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The Svalbard Archipelago is in the Arctic Ocean from the North Pole. The islands are mountainous, with permanently snow- covered peaks, some glaciated; there are occasional river terraces at the bottom of steep valleys and some coastal plains. In winter, the islands are covered in snow and the bays ice over. Spitsbergen Island has several large fiords along its west coast and Isfjorden is up to wide.
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After studying the moraines, Gregory put forward the theory that at one time the whole summit of the mountain was covered with an ice cap, and it was this that eroded the peaks to how they are today. The lower slopes of the mountain have never been glaciated. They are now mainly cultivated and forested. They are distinguished by steep-sided V-shaped valleys with many tributaries.
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Looking down the Little Su River and across the Matanuska Valley at the Chugach Range, from near Hatcher Pass.The Fishhook Road rises to to cross Hatcher Pass at the head of Fishhook and Willow Creeks in the southwestern corner of the Talkeetna Mountains. The area has been heavily glaciated. Steep-walled cirques, jagged aretes, and hanging valleys above U-shaped valleys characterize the terrain.
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Most of the land surrounding Prince William Sound is part of the Chugach National Forest, the second largest national forest in the U.S. Prince William Sound is ringed by the steep and glaciated Chugach Mountains. The coastline is convoluted, with many islands and fjords, several of which contain tidewater glaciers. The principal barrier islands forming the sound are Montague Island, Hinchinbrook Island, and Hawkins Island.
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Andorra was extensively glaciated during the Quaternary; glaciers flowed down all of the major valleys of Andorra, merging into one large glacier at Escaldes-Engordany, which in the coldest stage reached as far south as Pont de la Fontaneda near Santa Coloma.Govern d'Andorra (1991). Atlas d'Andorra, map of northwestern Andorra, p.51. Andorra has numerous glacial erosional features, including U-shaped valleys, cirques, arêtes, and roche moutonnées.
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For the Pyrenees as a whole 50–60% of the glaciated area has been lost since 1991. The Balaitus, Perdigurero and La Munia glaciers have disappeared in this period. Monte Perdido Glacier has shrunk from 90 hectares to 40 hectares. As initial cause for glacier retreat in the alps since 1850, a decrease of the glaciers' albedo, caused by industrial black carbon can be identified.
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Location map of Clendinning RangeThe Clendenning Range is a subrange of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains of British Columbia. About 1500 km2 (580 sq mi) in area and lies to the northwest of the better-known Tantalus Range near Squamish. Heavily glaciated and very rugged, with severe weather year- round, it is between the valleys of the Elaho River (east) and the Toba River (west).
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The Comeragh Mountains () are a glaciated mountain range situated in the south east of Ireland in County Waterford. They are located between the towns of Carrick-on-Suir and Clonmel on the County Tipperary border and the villages of Kilrossanty and Kilmacthomas in County Waterford. The twelve mountains which form the Comeragh Mountains are popular for mountain climbers and hikers. The highest peak is Fauscoum at .
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The coalfield area is underlain by Coal Measures which consist mainly of mudstone with beds of sandstone and many seams of coal. The sandstones resist erosion so they form a recurring pattern of escarpments that stand out from the shallow mudstone floors of the valleys. The major rivers crossing the area have carved broad valleys which have been glaciated and are floored by fertile alluvial deposits.
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Yate Volcano is a large, glaciated stratovolcano located in the southern Andes, in the Los Lagos Region of Chile, south of the Reloncaví Estuary. Yate lies on the major regional Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone, and is located 10 km north-east of the smaller Hornopiren volcano. There are no historical records of recent volcanic activity, but there is strategic evidence of smaller eruptions sometime in the Holocene.
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Mount Jimmy Jimmy is a glaciated mountain located in the Coast Mountains in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is situated northwest of Squamish, and northwest of Ossa Mountain, which is its nearest higher peak. Mt. Jimmy Jimmy is the highest point of the Tzoonie-Clowhom Divide. Precipitation runoff from the peak and meltwater from its immense glaciers drains into tributaries of the Squamish River and Clowhom River.
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When the structure is broken by a shock or sufficient shear, it enters a fluid state. Quick clay is found only in northern countries such as Russia, Canada, Alaska in the U.S., Norway, Sweden and Finland, which were glaciated during the Pleistocene epoch. Quick clay has been the underlying cause of many deadly landslides. In Canada alone, it has been associated with more than 250 mapped landslides.
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Roches Moutonnees There are Pictish carved stones nearby and two Stone Age coffins were found in the 1880s in a burial cairn in Curr Wood."Dulnain Bridge ...the TwinFlower Village" dulnainbridge.com. Retrieved 19 July 2008 At the north end of the village sit a display of glaciated rocks called the roche moutonnées. Around 18,000 years ago Dulnain Bridge was covered by a sheet of glacier ice.
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The formation was an episodic process caused by the collision of the African and Eurasian plate. They are strongly karstified, where rain and snow quickly seep into a karst system. Nowhere in the Balkans have glaciers left so much evidence of erosion. In contrast to the Alps in Central Europe, the Albanian Alps are the most glaciated mountains in Europe located south of the Scandinavian ice sheet.
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However, one or two tephra layers on a moraine close to the village of Viraco on the southern side have been dated to be about 41,000 and 30,00031,000years old. These ages correspond to radiocarbon ages of and . These tephras may have originated in fissure eruptions associated with the three recent lava flows. In postglacial times lava bombs, lapilli and volcanic ash were deposited on previously glaciated terrain.
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These horns are a common shape for mountain tops in highly glaciated areas. The number of faces of a horn depends on the number of cirques involved in the formation of the peak: three to four is most common. Horns with more than four faces include the Weissmies and the Mönch. A peak with four symmetrical faces is called a Matterhorn (after The Matterhorn).
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In the glaciomarine environment, glacially-related deposits are interbedded with to those similar to those on non-glaciated tidal areas; the tidal environment will show undertow dominated fans. The transitional environment is characterized by both mixed marine and fresh water life in a delta environment. In an essentially dry environment, the glacial flow carries sediment which accumulates much as it would in any stream bed.
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Tarucani (possibly from Aymara taruja deer, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with the deer") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is situated in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District, west of Corani (Qurani). Tarucani lies southeast of the mountain Jachatira east of the large glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain").
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Hess Mountain, also known as Mount Hess, is an elevation glaciated summit located on the crest of the Alaska Range, in Alaska, United States. It is the seventh-highest peak in the Hayes Range, a subset of the Alaska Range. This remote peak is situated west of Mount Hayes, and south of Fairbanks. Mount Deborah, the nearest higher neighbor, is positioned to the west.
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Moby Dick is a elevation glaciated summit located at the head of the Trident Glacier in the eastern Alaska Range, in Alaska, United States. It is the fourth-highest peak in the Hayes Range, a subset of the Alaska Range. This remote peak is situated southeast of Mount Hayes, and southeast of Fairbanks. Mount Shand, the nearest higher neighbor, is set to the east.
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The central group is further divided into a northern and southern section by the Markham Strait. The largest island is Prince George Land, which measures , followed by Wilczek Land, Graham Bell Island and Alexandra Land. Eighty-five percent of the archipelago is glaciated, with large unglaciated areas being located on the largest islands and many of the smallest islands. The islands have a combined coastline of .
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Rorippa sessiliflora is native to midwestern and eastern United States from South Dakota south to Texas and east from Maryland south through Florida. The species is more frequent in the midwest than southeast. The northerly distribution limit coincides with the southern edge of the Wisconsin glaciation, with the occasional collections from previously glaciated areas further north and in Massachusetts possibly attributable to anthropogenic dispersal.
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Upper SE face seen from the Selwyn Range Mount Robson boasts great vertical relief over the local terrain. From Kinney Lake, the south-west side of the mountain rises to the summit. The north face of Mount Robson is heavily glaciated and of ice extends from the summit to the Berg Glacier. The north face can be seen from Berg Lake, and reached by a hike.
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Such lack of glaciation is also observed on other mountains in the neighbourhood such as Aucanquilcha and is probably due to the arid climate. In the past however the mountain was probably extensively glaciated, with glacier lobes forming at its foot and cirques developing around the summit. Terminal moraines lie in the Quebrada Ojos de Hécar and Quebrada Acamarachi, with several individual moraines between elevation.
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Even larger examples are known from Sweden where they are referred to as flyggbergs. The Swedish flyggbergs have been interpreted by Sten Rudberg and others as reshaped inselbergs. Ice-smoothed bedrock bumps which lack the steep, plucked lee side faces are referred to as whalebacks or rock drumlins. Prest (1983) specifies a distinction between a glaciated "roches moutonnées surface" and a simple "stoss and lee" glacial feature.
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The glaciated northeastern flank of Plinth Peak. Also shown is the inconspicuous ice and debris-covered Bridge River Vent in the middle of the photo. The Bridge River Vent is a relatively young volcanic crater that formed during an eruption about 2,400 years ago. This eruption ranged in character from explosive to effusive and involved lava dome extrusion, pyroclastic flows, lahars and lava flows.
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Oregon is ecologically diverse. The west side of the state has a marine-influenced climate and receives plentiful precipitation three seasons of the year. In contrast, Eastern Oregon lies in the rain shadow of the Cascades and is much drier. The climatic gradient is evident in the state's landscapes: forested mountains, glaciated peaks, shrub- and grass-covered plains, agricultural valleys, beaches, desert playas, and wetlands.
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The Subalpine- Alpine Zone ecoregion includes high elevation, glaciated mountains with arêtes, cirques, and tarns. High gradient streams have boulder and cobble substrates. Elevation varies from 6,500 to 9,900 feet (1,981 to 3,018 m). The region begins where the forest cover becomes broken by alpine meadows and continues through alpine meadowland to include the exposed rock, permanent snowfields, and glacial ice of the highest mountain peaks.
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In 1990, Moelwyn Mawr was designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest of national scientific importance. The glaciated landscape of the mountain provides fine examples of two specific Pleistocene features. On the north-east flank of the mountain is a terrain of patterned ground, consisting of small-scale vegetated stripes. On the west side, a debris tongue formed by a rock glacier extends into Cwm Croesor.
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This prehistoric cemetery was acquired by the state in 1935 as a donation from the Fish family. It became an archaeological state preserve in 1968. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It is located in the Driftless Area of Iowa, a region which escaped being glaciated during the last ice age, near the mouth of the Upper Iowa River.
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Reuss Ice Age Visitor Center The Kettle Moraine State Forest is a state forest in southeastern Wisconsin. The chief feature of the reserve is the Kettle Moraine, a highly glaciated area. The area contains very hilly terrain and glacial landforms, such as kettles, kames and eskers. The forest is divided into two large and three small units, which are spread across a hundred miles.
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It was classified as an "unsafe non-emergency dam". The dam is an earthfill dam with a height of , a length of , and a width of at the top. Lake Louise is in the Glaciated Low Plateaus section of the Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province. The main rock formation underlying the lake is the Devonian-age Susquehanna Group, which consists of conglomerate, siltstone, sandstone, and shale.
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Lake Menéndez (Lago Menéndez) is a large lake in Chubut Province, Argentina. Lake Menéndez is in the chain of lakes in the Futaleufú River system of Argentina which via Yelcho Lake and the Yelcho River flows into the Pacific Ocean in Chile. Located in the Andes, Lake Menendez is Y-shaped, of glacial origin, and occupies two narrow valleys between glaciated peaks. The lake is in the Los Alerces National Park.
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Gelli The river has two major tributaries, the Rhondda Fawr and the Rhondda Fach (respectively, the "big" and the "little" Rhondda). Despite these names, both tributaries are of similar length. Both valleys display the U-shape cross-sections typical of glaciated valleys, having been eroded during successive ice ages. They cut deeply into the thick South Wales Coal measures which comprise sandstones and mudstones and coal seams of Carboniferous age.
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Sea otter, Kenai Fjords Fin whale in Kenai Fjords Harding Icefield Kenai Fjords National Park is dominated by a glaciated landscape. The park's glaciers have retreated through the twentieth century, exposing new lands to colonization by plant and animal life. The park also features a significant marine environment. Large terrestrial mammal species in the park include timber wolf, porcupine, Canadian lynx, brown bear, black bears, moose and mountain goat.
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The Glaciated Bitterroot Mountains and Canyons ecoregion is spread out by volcanic ash and sediment left from glaciers. It is characteristically underlain by granite. The summits of mountains are high enough here to capture moisture from the Pacific Ocean, unlike in nearby ecoregions. Common vegetation includes grand fir, Douglas-fir, and western larch, while Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir can be found on north-facing slopes and at high elevations.
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Ruth Peak is a glaciated mountain summit located within Olympic National Park in Clallam County of Washington state. Ruth Peak is the third-highest peak in the Bailey Range, which is a subrange of the Olympic Mountains. Its nearest higher neighbor is Mount Carrie, to the northwest, and Mount Fairchild is set to the north. In clear weather, the mountain can be seen from the visitor center at Hurricane Ridge.
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The volcano and its eruptive products are protected in Garibaldi Provincial Park. Founded in 1927 as a Class A provincial park, this wilderness park covers an area of . Lying within its boundaries are a number of other volcanoes, such as Mount Garibaldi and The Black Tusk. Located north of Vancouver in the glaciated Coast Mountains, Garibaldi Provincial Park contains diverse vegetation, iridescent waters and a rich geological history.
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It rises 305 meters above glaciated basement rocks. The tuya formed by effusion of flatlying flows within erratics on its summit and lack of erosional features attributable to glacial suggest that The Table was also formed during the early Holocene. Clinker Peak is a stratovolcano on the west shoulder of Mount Price on the west side of Garibaldi Lake. It has produced two large lava flows about 9,000 years ago.
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Chickamin Glacier, east face of Dome Peak (1965) Dome Peak is a high, massive, glaciated mountain in the Glacier Peak Wilderness of Washington's North Cascades. The remote location of Dome Peak, combined with its height, make it a less common destination for Cascade Range mountaineers. Dome Peak is at the southern end of the Ptarmigan Traverse mountaineering route. It is located at the extreme southeast corner of Skagit County.
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A longer ascent route starts from below the cable-way Mir station and heads west over glacier slopes towards the Khotiutau pass. Some distance before reaching this the south spur of the Kiukurtliu Cupola is climbed to a broad glaciated saddle behind pt.4912 (top of the SW spur). Now a rising traverse north is made to attain the easy northwest spur by which the summit is gained.
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Waubee Lake (also incorrectly Wabee) is a small freshwater lake situated 2 miles (3 km) southeast of Milford, Kosciusko County, Indiana, United States. Waubee is typical in structure of natural lakes of the glaciated portions of the upper Midwest. Like other lakes in the general area, Waubee is lined with vacation homes and year-round residences. Part of the extreme upper west shore is void of residences and borders farm land.
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Local relief is dominated by the Patagonian Andes, with some elevations greater than above sea level. A portion of the Puyuhuapi Volcanic Group form part of the park, specifically the area south of the Lake Risopatrón. The park comprises two small ice fields, with glaciers of up to long. The largest glaciated area is Queulat ice cap, which encompasses about and contains the park's centerpiece, the Queulat Hanging Glacier.
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Surface geology of Tasmania The geology of Tasmania is complex, with the world's biggest exposure of diabase, or dolerite. The rock record contains representatives of each period of the Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cainozoic eras. It is one of the few southern hemisphere areas that were glaciated during the Pleistocene with glacial landforms in the higher parts. The west coast region hosts significant mineralisation and numerous active and historic mines.
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It would be characterized as ashlar stonework, even though it started as heterogeneous mix of "fieldstones" (not one type of stone) like rubble masonry. This sort of stone building construction is common in the glaciated areas of the United States. The sedimentary rock construction material was obtained from an assortment of bedrock in western Michigan . The igneous rock and metamorphic rock used in the construction came from Canada.
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With an elevation of , Helmet Peak is the highest volcano in the Milbanke Sound Group. During its eruption, basaltic tuff breccia was sent throughout the surrounding landscape that deposited on glaciated granitic rock and unconsolidated beach gravel near the volcano. This basaltic tuff breccia covers parts of Lake Island and nearby Lady Douglas Island. Blocks of basement granodiorite, some up to wide, are randomly suspended within the breccia.
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La Luna has a lava dome surrounded by a glaciated but unaltered lava table. Cerro Tres Monos (3.4–2.78 mya) forms a northbound long ridge with at least six vents. Hydrothermal alteration has affected some lavas and pyroclastics from Tres Monos, and the western side has lateral and terminal moraines. The Aucanquilcha platform (3.6–2.7 mya) sits underneath the main Aucanquilcha volcano, and its lava mostly flowed north.
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Nevado de Acay from Abra de Acay Nevado de Acay is a mountain in Argentina. It is a volcanic intrusion that formed during the Miocene and was later exposed. The intrusion is formed by monzonite and is associated with a fault system that also connects to neighbouring volcanoes. While not presently glaciated, it contains a seasonal snowpack and is the source of several streams and rivers, including the Rio Salado.
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Runcu Tauja (possibly from Quechua runku basket, tawqa pile, heap, "basket heap") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Checacupe District, and in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Runcu Tauja lies northwest of the glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain"), west of Quimsachata and north of Millo.
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The Brooks Range has existed since Cretaceous time, and is composed mainly of shales, limestone and chert, with intrusions of igneous rocks from more recent volcanism. The valleys are composed of limestone, sandstone and siltstone, with deposits of sand, gravel, silt and clay. During the Wisconsonian glaciation the area as incompletely covered by ice, with higher regions glaciated. Permafrost exists in higher regions, becoming patchy at lower levels.
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They are not very steep, especially the Tsanfleuron Glacier, as the rock strata are close to horizontal. The smaller and higher Diablerets Glacier, however, is much wilder than the Tsanfleuron Glacier as it is steeper and more crevassed. The Tsanfleuron plateau, between Le Dôme and the Sanetsch Pass is only partly glaciated. Below 2,600 m is a large karst zone, called Lapis de Tsanfleuron and covering an area of about .
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The South Shetlands consist of 11 major islands and several minor ones, totalling of land area. Between 80 and 90 percent of the land area is permanently glaciated. The highest point on the island chain is Mount Irving on Clarence Island at above sea level. The South Shetland Islands extend about from Smith Island and Low Island in the west-southwest to Elephant Island and Clarence Island in the east-northeast.
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However the park's caves were closed to humans between 2010 and April 2012 in the hopes of protecting the resident bats from white nose syndrome. The park is in the Driftless Area of Iowa. This region escaped being glaciated in the last ice age, while regions to the east and west were not spared. The park has been subjected to hundreds of thousands of years of natural non-glacial erosion.
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The Northern Mixed Grasslands is one of 867 terrestrial ecoregions defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. This ecoregion includes parts of the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba, north-central and eastern (except extreme eastern) North Dakota, most of east South Dakota, and small portions of western Minnesota in the American Great Plains. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines this ecoregion as the Northern Glaciated Plains.
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Khingan is located in the Amur meadow steppe ecoregion. This is a low-lying fertile floodplain, with patches of deciduous subtaiga forests. Situated in the middle Amur River in the Russian Far East, and northeast China, trees are generally found only in the upland areas, due to the frequent flooding of the plains. Species endemism is low, in part because the area was not glaciated in the latest Ice Age.
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Heavily crevassed glaciers on the southeast side of the mountain Glaciers of Mount Adams In the early 21st century, glaciers cover a total of 2.5% of Adams' surface. During the last ice age about 90% of the mountain was glaciated. Mount Adams has 209 perennial snow and ice features and 12 officially named glaciers. The total ice-covered area makes up , while the area of named glaciers is .
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The Yukon River is the main feature of the preserve, one of the largest rivers in North America. The Yukon's valley is bordered by bluffs and terraces along its course, representing river downcutting through alluvial deposits. The lowlands were never glaciated during the last ice age, but higher valleys did see glaciation, in which the ice-free land was mostly tundra. As the climate warmed, forests advanced from the south.
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The uplands of the north and west of England enjoy the wettest climate and are home to the majority of waterfalls in the country. In areas such as the Lake District which were formerly glaciated, they are commonly found at the lower ends of hanging valleys. Typical of those in the Pennines, are falls which form at points where the watercourse encounters erosion-resistant rock layers such as Millstone Grit.
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Mont Collon (3,637 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais. Its glaciated north face dominates the view south from the village of Arolla. The ascent over the West Ridge, first made by A. Cust and F. Gardiner with the guides Peter Knubel and Johannes Knubel of St. Niklaus in the canton Valais on 3 August 1876, is now the normal route.
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Known as laccoliths, they formed when igneous rock protruded through cracks in the sedimentary rock. The underlying surface consists of sandstone and shale. Surface soils in the area are highly diverse, and greatly affected by the local geology, whether glaciated plain, intermountain basin, mountain foothills, or tableland. Foothill regions are often covered in weathered stone or broken slate, or consist of uncovered bare rock (usually igneous, quartzite, sandstone, or shale).
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Where the original shape of the shield volcano is still preserved, there have been millions of years for streams to erode the hillside. This area is therefore characterised by frequent deep fluvial V-shaped valleys. The gradual transition from glaciated to fluvial valley can be clearly observed. Rivers which start on Mount Kenya are the tributaries of two large Kenyan rivers: the Tana and the Ewaso Ng'iro rivers.
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Athens Township is located in the Glaciated Plateau of Northwest Pennsylvania. Oil Creek drains the eastern side and Muddy Creek, a tributary to French Creek, drains the western side of the township. The lowest elevation, , is located where Muddy Creek leaves the township, while the highest elevation, , is located just east of Grange Hall Road. Lakes in the township include Puckerbush Lake and Spring Lake, both of which are impounded.
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In the spring, the Arctic fox's attention switches to reproduction and a home for their potential offspring. They live in large dens in frost-free, slightly raised ground. These are complex systems of tunnels covering as much as and are often in eskers, long ridges of sedimentary material deposited in formerly glaciated regions. These dens may be in existence for many decades and are used by many generations of foxes.
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Hypericum majus is a more northern relative of Hypericum pauciflorum. H. majus differs from its relative in its annual habit, thinner leaves, smaller flowers, and doubly branching inflorescence. In the past the species was the western part of a vicariant species including the more eastern Hypericum canadense. The two species became sympatric when north-eastern North America became glaciated and the two now hybridize, most notably in Wisconsin.
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Waterville is an unincorporated community in the dense woods of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau in south- central Cummings Township. It lies in the deep valley of Pine Creek, Pine Creek Gorge, at the mouth of Little Pine Creek. Pennsylvania Route 44 travels through Waterville, heading south-southeastward along Pine Creek to the borough of Jersey Shore. The city of Williamsport, the county seat of Lycoming County, is to the east.DeLorme.
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The North Branch of the Susquehanna River and the Lackawanna River flow through this valley. Large-scale coal mining and its accompanying industry and railroads have long been abandoned. Unlike the southern and middle anthracite fields, the anthracite valley has been recently glaciated repeatedly. This action has left many talus slopes at the base of Moosic Mountains, and the soils often contain large boulders that make excavation difficult.
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Geologically, Galdhøpiggen belongs to the Caledonian folding, like most of Southern Norway's mountain ranges. The peak is made of gabbro, a hard but rather coarse-grained rock which is found in most of the Jotunheimen range. During the ice ages it was heavily glaciated and got its present form. The theory that the highest summits in Norway stayed above the ice as nunataks has been abandoned by most geologists.
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The Bennett Juniper grows on Sardine Meadow, an open area at elevation just off the top of a ridgeline. The site was heavily glaciated during the last ice age stripping the site of any previous soils. Current soils vary between and thick and are derived from the underlying volcanic bedrock. While sitting in a dry spot, the roots on one side of the tree can reach a seasonal drainage.
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The upper montane forest is dominated by Podocarpus trees. Above this is the timberline forest, characterized by Hagenia (rosewood). Directly above the treeline are heathland (on the wetter aspect) and subalpine chaparral (on the drier aspects). Higher up the mountain the vegetation becomes more specially adapted to the cold in the Afro-alpine zone, and the largely unvegetated area that has until recently been glaciated is known as the nival zone.
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Cerro Napa is a Pliocene stratovolcano north of the Salar de Coposa, straddling the border between Bolivia and Chile. The wide volcano rises about above its surrounding terrain and has a partially preserved summit crater. Part of its slopes are covered with pyroclastics; radiometric dating has yielded ages of 11.9 ± 0.6, 9.99 ± 0.1 and 1.38 million years ago. In the past the volcano was glaciated, with glaciers descending to elevations of .
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Mountainous glaciated areas in Canada are along the British Columbia Coast: from the Alaskan border along the Portland Canal to Indian Arm. Kingcome Inlet is a typical west coast fjord. In Newfoundland and Labrador, Saglek Fiord, Nachvak Fiord, and Hebron Fiord, are in Labrador. While Western Brook Pond, Trout River Big Pond, and Bonne Bay in Gros Morne National Park are located along the coastline of the island of Newfoundland.
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Only the smooth north face is completely glaciated, the other faces being mostly rocky. The south-west ridge is called the Arbengrat while the north-north-west ridge is the Arête du Coeur. The south-east ridge looking over the Ober Gabeljoch (3,597 m) is the Gabelhorngrat. The Wellenkuppe is a lower prominence on the north-east ridge; it is usually climbed as part of the normal route.
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The wilderness contains some of the most spectacular and highest peaks of the Sierra Nevada, with 57 peaks over in elevation. The peaks are typically made of granite from the Sierra Nevada Batholith, and are dramatically shaped by glacial action. The southernmost glacier in the United States, the Palisade Glacier, is contained within the wilderness area. Notable eastside glaciated canyons are drained by Rock, McGee, and Bishop Creeks.
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McGinnis Peak is an elevation glaciated summit located at the head of McGinnis Glacier in the eastern Alaska Range, in Alaska, United States.Dictionary of Alaska Place Names, Donald J. Orth author, United States Government Printing Office (1967), page 609. It is the eighth-highest peak in the Hayes Range, a subset of the Alaska Range. This remote peak is situated southeast of Mount Hayes, and southeast of Fairbanks.
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Mount Shand is a elevation glaciated summit located at the head of the Trident Glacier in the eastern Alaska Range, in Alaska, United States.Dictionary of Alaska Place Names, Donald J. Orth author, United States Government Printing Office (1967), page 860. It is the third-highest peak in the Hayes Range, a subset of the Alaska Range. This remote peak is situated east-southeast of Mount Hayes, and southeast of Fairbanks.
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This type of deposit is common in former glacial lakes. When fine sediments are delivered into the calm waters of these glacial lake basins away from the shoreline, they settle to the lake bed. The resulting seasonal layering is preserved in an even distribution of clay sediment banding. Quick clay is a unique type of marine clay indigenous to the glaciated terrains of Norway, Canada, Northern Ireland, and Sweden.
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It flows by heavily glaciated mountains with names like Monarch Mountain, The Queen, The Pretender, The Throne, The Serf, and Concubine Peaks. Knot Lakes, tributary to the North Klinaklini River, extend north into Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park. After its confluence with the North Klinaklini River the main Klinaklini flows south along the western side of the Pantheon and Waddington Ranges. Along the way it is contained in Klinaklini Canyon.
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Brown (2000), p. 1 The area has a low, gently undulating topography that drops down from the top of Corstorphine hill to the shore in three gradual stages and is intersected by the River Almond which flows northward into the Forth.Cramond Heritage Trust (1996), p. 4 During the last ice age the area was heavily glaciated, and the main direction of the ice flow was west to east.
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Amphu Labtsa pass, elevation , is a glaciated pass covered in serac cliffs at the head of the Honku valley. It provides a way out of the otherwise relatively isolated Honku valley. The base of the valley is at and has several glacial lakes including the Panch Pokhri or Five Sacred Lakes. The Amphu Labtsa pass is crossed by mountaineers en route to Island Peak or Baruntse expeditions and involves technical mountaineering.
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They were soil color, organic content, soil structure, drainage, erodibility, and nature of subsoil. Soil provinces were established and soil series were confined to their area. Series at first were identified where the soils formed from the same accumulated parent material: glaciated, wind blown, alluvial etc. Geological Survey maps were generally unavailable and early soil surveyors used the plane table and alidade to develop their own base maps.
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The High Southern Cascades Montane Forest ecoregion is an undulating, glaciated, volcanic plateau punctuated by isolated buttes and cones. Many tarns occur. With an elevation that varies from , it is an intermediate zone between the Southern Cascades and the Subalpine/Alpine zone. Cryic soils support mixed coniferous forests dominated by mountain hemlock, lodgepole pine, and Pacific silver fir; they are colder than the mesic and frigid soils of the Southern Cascades.
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Monte Burney, painting of 1871 Monte Burney is a volcano in southern Chile, part of its Austral Volcanic Zone which consists of six volcanoes with activity during the Quaternary. This volcanism is linked to the subduction of the Antarctic Plate beneath the South America Plate and the Scotia Plate. Monte Burney is formed by a caldera with a glaciated stratovolcano on its rim. This stratovolcano in turn has a smaller caldera.
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The climate of the Patagonian region is influenced both by the close distance to Antarctica and by the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies. Polar cold air outbreaks, cool ocean upwelling, orographic precipitation and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current further affect the regional climate. About four stages of glaciation have been recognized in the area during the Pleistocene, although the glacial history is poorly known. Monte Burney was glaciated during the last glacial maximum.
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Bald Mountain is a prominent peak in Northeastern Pennsylvania which stands above the Wilkes-Barre and Scranton area (also known as the Wyoming Valley). On the summit is an outcrop of Catskill conglomerate (Devonian age) known as the "Pinnacle Rock". From the summit you may view the northernmost extension of the geologic province known as the Glaciated Low Plateaus section. The mountain itself is in the Ridge and Valley Appalachians.
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Calabozos is a Holocene caldera in central Chile's Maule Region (7th Region). Part of the Chilean Andes' volcanic segment, it is considered a member of the Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ), one of the three distinct volcanic belts of South America. This most active section of the Andes runs along central Chile's western edge, and includes more than 70 of Chile's stratovolcanoes and volcanic fields. Calabozos lies in an extremely remote area of poorly glaciated mountains.
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These lakes are often surrounded by drumlins, along with other evidence of the glacier such as moraines, eskers and erosional features such as striations and chatter marks. These lakes are clearly visible in aerial photos of landforms in regions that were glaciated during the last ice age. The coastlines near these areas are typically very irregular, reflecting the same geological process. By contrast, other areas have fewer lakes that often appear attached to rivers.
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Eruption products consist chiefly of alkaline basalt and basanite. Volcanism in the Austral Volcanic Zone is less vigorous than in the Southern Volcanic Zone. Recorded eruptions are rare due to the area being unexplored well into the 19th century; the cloudy weather of its western coast might also have prevented sightings of eruptions. The Austral Volcanic Zone hosts both glaciated stratovolcanoes as well as subglacial volcanoes under the Southern Patagonian Ice Field.
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The natural area is located on the outer part of the Magnesian Escarpment/Black River Escarpment, with the soil for the area being glaciated sandy loams, which sit on top of the Galena-Platteville dolomite cap and St. Peter sandstone. Inside the natural area is a flat-topped butte called "Gibraltar Rock." It sits above sea level and is the highest point in Columbia County. There is a trail leading up to the Rock.
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Sugar Creek is a tributary of the Tuscarawas River in northeastern Ohio in the United States. It is 45 miles (72 km) long. Via the Tuscarawas, Muskingum, and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 356 square miles (922 km²) on glaciated and unglaciated portions of the Allegheny Plateau. It is the namesake of Sugarcreek, Ohio and of townships in Stark, Tuscarawas and Wayne counties Ohio.
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A geomorphological feature created by the same process on a smaller scale is known as dilation-faulting. It occurs where previously compressed rock is allowed to return to its original shape more rapidly than can be maintained without faulting. This leads to an effect similar to what would be seen if the rock were hit by a large hammer. Dilation faulting can be observed in recently de-glaciated parts of Iceland and Cumbria.
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Duck Mountain is a feature of the Manitoba Escarpment, and is a rise of forested (formerly glaciated) land between the Saskatchewan prairie and the Manitoba lowlands. It is some 200m higher than the floor of the Assiniboine River valley to the west, and some 400m higher than the Manitoba lowlands to the east. The landscape is rolling, with numerous ponds and creek channels. The soils are stony and are underlain with glacial till.
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According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, the Glaciated Pocono Plateau region of the central and western Poconos would have a dominant vegetation type of Northern Hardwood (106) with a dominant vegetation form of Northern hardwood forest (26). The peak spring bloom typically occurs in early-May and peak fall color usually occurs in early-October. The plant hardiness zone is 5b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of .
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Morphological Discrimination of Notrus Stigmosus and N. Eleutherus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) In the Ohio River Basin. Southeastern Naturalist 1:325-338. It is not found on the Cumberland Plateau or the high reaches on the Blue Ridge mountain streams, due to large boulders found in the streams that lack vegetation. It is not generally found in glaciated regions, nor is it found with any other madtom species except the pygmy madtom (Noturus stanauli).
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The Theodulhorn (3,469 m) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, overlooking the Theodul Pass on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It lies south of Zermatt (in Valais) and east of Breuil-Cervinia (in the Aosta Valley). The northern side of the mountain is heavily glaciated and is part of a ski area. The Theodulhorn is the easternmost summit of the range descending from the south-east ridge of Matterhorn, named Furgggrat.
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The term is not precise, but typically refers to topography where the peaks rise at least to above the surrounding terrain (as opposed to above sea level). The summits usually do not reach the tree line and were not glaciated after the last glacial period. In contrast, Hochgebirge is used to refer to mountain ranges rising above approximately to . The delineation corresponds with the differentation between Montane and Alpine level according to altitudinal zonation.
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The Penny Ice Cap, formerly Penny Icecap,Penny Ice Cap (Formerly Penny Icecap) is a ice cap in Auyuittuq National Park of Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. It forms a high barrier on the Cumberland Peninsula, an area of deep fjords and glaciated valleys. It is a remnant of the last ice age. During the mid-1990s, Canadian researchers studied the glacier's patterns of freezing and thawing over centuries by drilling ice core samples.
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As it leaves Caernarfon it passes the site of the Roman legionary fort Segontium and later crosses the Afon Seiont and the course of the Caernarfon-to-Llanberis railway. After 1.5 miles it crosses a roundabout at Caeathro. The road as far as Waunfawr is reputed to be a Roman road and is fairly straight. After Waunfawr the road joins the Gwyrfai Valley, a glaciated U-shaped valley along the west side of Snowdon.
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Skiing enthusiasts are able to explore over of challenging and beginner trails covering a rolling topography around Silverthorne Lake. Many locals frequent the Nanika-Kidprice Lakes Basin canoe route. This basin lies on the eastern slope of the Coastal Mountain Range and forms the upper watershed of the Morice-Bulkley rivers. The basin area is above sea level and is surrounded by glaciated and snow-capped peaks that rise as high as .
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Uig Bay contains a vast strand of shell beach which produces a fertile "machair" fringe. Other shell sand beaches and machair are found at Tràigh na Beirgh, Bhaltos, Cliff, Capadale, Mangurstadh and Mealastadh. The Atlantic west coast from Gallan Head to Loch Reasort is dominated by cliffs and many small chasms known as "geodhs". Inland the land contains a glaciated profile with thin acidic soil and large rock outcrops of Lewisian gneiss.
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Major fault at the dividing line between the Allegheny Plateau and the true Appalachian Mountains in Williamsport, Pennsylvania Elevations vary greatly. In the glaciated Allegheny Plateau, relief may only reach one hundred feet or less. In the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau in southeastern Ohio and westernmost West Virginia, relief is typically in the range of two hundred to four hundred feet. Absolute highest elevations in this area are often in the range of .
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Anticyclonic snow-bearing winds episodically dropped large amounts of snow, which then gradually removed superficial sediment from slopes by solifluction and snowmelt overland flow (sheetwash), washing the deposits down to stream valleys that ultimately flowed into the Mississippi River. In the adjacent glaciated regions, the glacial retreat left behind drift, which buried all former topographical features. Surface water was forced to carve out new stream beds. "Native American use of the Mississippi River".
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Aerial view of Edgeoya and Barentsøya Barentsøya has an approximately square shape, with maximum lengths and widths of about fifty kilometers, and an area of . A significant part of the island, more than , is glaciated. The ice cap of Barentsjøkulen covers a large part of the island, with the largest offspring Besselsbreen (north), Duckwitzbreen (west), Freemanbreen (south), and Hübnerbreen (southeast). Barentsjøkulen has the two large ice domes of Peer Gyntslottet and Solveigdomen.
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Meteorite Mountain is a prominent glaciated mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is situated southeast of Valdez, south of Hogback Ridge, and southeast of Mount Francis. In January 1927, a meteorite hit this mountain, which is how the mountain got its name.The Valdez Miner, July 9, 1927 The mountain's name was in local use when it was first published in 1953 by U.S. Geological Survey.
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Millo (possibly from Aymara for a kind of salpeter / light brown, reddish, fair-haired, dark chestnut,aymara.ucb.edu.bo Quechua for salty,) is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is situated in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Checacupe District, and in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Millo lies northwest of the large glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain") and west of Unollocsina.
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The highest mountain on this island is Gora Sovetskaya with an elevation of above mean sea level, although mostly the mountains are a little over above mean sea level. The island's mountain ranges terminate at sea cliffs at either end of the island. Blossom Point is the westernmost point and Waring Point (Mys Uering) the easternmost point of the island. Despite the mountainous terrain and the high latitude, Wrangel Island is not glaciated.
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A lahar is a type of natural event closely related to a volcanic eruption, and involves a large amount of material originating from an eruption of a glaciated volcano, including mud from the melted ice, rock, and ash sliding down the side of the volcano at a rapid pace. These flows can destroy entire towns in seconds and kill thousands of people, and form flood basalt. This is based on natural events.
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Both paved and unpaved roads are used, although most are paved. In several sections where an unpaved road is used, a paved road alternative is offered. The route passes through terrain as varied as thick evergreen forests, apple orchards, wide river canyons, grasslands, glaciated high Sierra canyons, and high desert. The PCBT was first publicized by Bil Paul in his 1990 guidebook Pacific Crest Bicycle Trail, which is now out of print.
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The Gissaro-Alai open woodlands ecoregion (WWF ID:PA0808) covers the western foothills winding around two western offshoots of the Tian Shan Mountains in western Tajikistan, and parts of eastern Uzbekistan and western Kyrgyzstan, in Central Asia. The woodlands are typically of Juniper trees and shrubs, fitting the altitude zone situated between the desert valley floor (mostly on the west), and the tree line, above which the mountain ridges are glaciated and barren.
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Tutupaca is a volcano in the region of Tacna in Peru. It is part of the Peruvian segment of the Central Volcanic Zone, one of several volcanic belts in the Andes. Tutupaca consists of three overlapping volcanoes formed by lava flows and lava domes made out of andesite and dacite, which grew on top of older volcanic rocks. The highest of these is usually reported to be tall and was glaciated in the past.
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Eldridge Glacier is a major glacier in Denali National Park and Preserve in the U.S. state of Alaska. The long glacier originates on the east side of Explorers Peak, flowing northeast to a basin below Mount Eldridge, gathering flow from several glaciated cirques, then flowing southeast to the valley of the Chulitna River, where it gives rise to the Fountain River. A large unnamed tributary glacier joins Eldridge Glacier a few miles above its terminus.
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Geologists debate whether the 11,918 foot tall Charleston Peak was glaciated as well. Dozens of large lakes filled the valleys in the region, accumulating fine silt and developing alkaline chemical conditions that precipitated tufa calcium carbonate mounds. Lake Lahontan in the northwest was the largest lake overall and flooded up to 8600 square miles 14,000 years ago. The lake grew in three different phases, with volcanic ash and silt at its bottom.
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Nura is a village in Alay District, Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan, at the point where the A371 road from China turns northwest to go over the pass into the Alay Valley. Its population was 891 in 2009. It is at the mouth of a valley that goes south into some glaciated mountains on the Chinese border. The town and border crossing of Irkeshtam is to the northeast, and Ikazak is to the north.
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The Rheic Ocean was formed as a result of this. By the end of the period, Gondwana had neared or approached the pole and was largely glaciated. The Ordovician came to a close in a series of extinction events that, taken together, comprise the second- largest of the five major extinction events in Earth's history in terms of percentage of genera that became extinct. The only larger one was the Permian- Triassic extinction event.
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Approximately of the total glaciated area was in the Sierra Nevada de Mérida, and of that amount, the largest concentration, , was in the areas of Pico Bolívar, Pico Humboldt [], and Pico Bonpland []. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the moraines are older than 10,000 BP, and probably older than 13,000 BP. The lower moraine level probably corresponds to the main Wisconsin glacial advance. The upper level probably represents the last glacial advance (Late Wisconsin).
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The Ladakh Range has no major peaks; its average height is a little less than , and few of its passes are less than . The Pangong range runs parallel to the Ladakh Range for about northwest from Chushul along the southern shore of the Pangong Lake. Its highest point is about and the northern slopes are heavily glaciated. The region comprising the valley of the Shayok and Nubra rivers is known as Nubra.
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While unable to distinguish from the ground, from the air the designs range from simple patterns to hummingbirds and llamas. After photographing South America, the couple crossed the Atlantic to Cape Town, South Africa. While there, she photographed the ice dome and crater of Mount Kilimanjaro and the glaciated pinnacles of Mount Kenya. In addition, her photographs include different views of native villages, urban areas, and the Egyptian pyramids, as well as several other subjects.
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One hundred animal bones samples from On Your Knees Cave underwent carbon-14 dating and the results indicated that during the past 40,000 years there was almost continuous occupation and use of the cave by animals, indicating the island was never completely glaciated or uninhabitable during this interval. The stone tools that were found within the cave were made at the site, but not of materials known to be from the site such as obsidian.
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The headwaters of the Lackawanna River are in the glaciated plateau physiographic province of the Appalachian Mountains. However, the Lackawanna Valley is in the northernmost part of the ridge and valley physiographic province. The river also flows through a portion of the Northern Anthracite Coal Field. The Lackawanna Valley is part of the Lackawanna/Wyoming Syncline, which is a large syncline in the Allegheny Front and is the main geological feature of the watershed.
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Mount Bear is a high, glaciated peak in the Saint Elias Mountains of Alaska. It lies within Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park, about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the Yukon border. The Barnard Glacier flows from its southwest slopes, while the Klutlan Glacier lies to the north. Its principal claim to fame is that it is a fourteener, and in fact one of the highest 20 peaks in the United States.
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Porcher Island is part of the Hecate Lowland Ecosection, a once heavily glaciated band of narrow lowland rain forest and coastal archipelago that stretches from Portland Inlet in the north to Queen Charlotte Strait in the south. Hecate Lowland terrain is generally rough and rocky, with wide areas of muskeg wetland and bog forest. Tree species include western red cedar, yellow cedar, mountain hemlock and fir. Salal, ferns, and skunk cabbage are commonly found undergrowth.
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Futalaufquen Lake (Lago Futalaufquen) is a large lake in Chubut Province, Argentina. Futalaufquen Lake is in the chain of lakes of the Futaleufú River system of Argentina which via Yelcho Lake and the Yelcho River flows into the Pacific Ocean in Chile. Located in the Andes, Lake Futalaufquen is three- lobed, of glacial origin, and occupies narrow valleys between glaciated peaks. It is located in the Andes within Los Alerces National Park.
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These mountains extend up to almost , but above a few hundred metres they are almost completely devoid of vegetation. The Verkhoyansk Range was extensively glaciated in the Pleistocene, but the climate was too dry for glaciation to extend to low elevations. At these low elevations are numerous valleys, many of them deep and covered with larch forest, except in the extreme north where the tundra dominates. Soils are mainly turbels (a type of gelisol).
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The island consists of an agglomeration of glaciated hills with the highest peak being the tall Hermannsdalstinden mountain. It is elongated from southwest to northeast and it is about long and wide. It also has a very uneven shoreline. The island is connected to the nearby island of Flakstadøya by the Kåkern Bridge which is part of the European route E10 which ends on the Moskenesøya island at the village of Å.
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In the northwest and west, mineral-rich volcanic rock can be seen at Mount Read near Rosebery, or at Mount Lyell near Queenstown. Also present in the south and northwest is limestone with caves. The quartzite and dolerite areas in the higher mountains show evidence of glaciation, and much of Australia's glaciated landscape is found on the Central Plateau and the Southwest. Cradle Mountain, another dolerite peak, for example, was a nunatak.
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The Cascades Subalpine/Alpine ecoregion is an area of high, glaciated, volcanic peaks rising above subalpine meadows, with cascading streams, glacial cirques, and tarns. Pleistocene glaciation reshaped the mountains above , leaving moraines, glacial lakes, and U-shaped glacial canyons. Glaciers and permanent snowfields still occur on the highest peaks, decreasing from north to south. The vegetation is adapted to high elevations, cold winter temperatures, a short growing season, and a deep winter snow pack.
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This dissection has resulted in a variety of landforms, such as valleys, crags and domes. Small graveled creeks flow from alpine mountains out onto the regional prairies where there are pale blue rock-bottomed lakes, including the so-named Itcha Lake. Three streams drain the Itcha Range, namely Corkscrew Creek, Downton Creek and Shag Creek. Although the Itcha Range has been dissected by stream erosion and subsequently glaciated, its original shape has been largely preserved.
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The Sagehen Hills are a low mountain range in Nevada County, California. The Sagehen Hills are part of the Sagehen Creek watershed and lie entirely within the Sagehen Experimental Forest.Sagehen Experimental Forest Research has been a major management focus for the Sagehen basin since the founding of Sagehen Creek Field Station in 1951. The Sagehen basin, including Sagehen Hills, differs from the surrounding watersheds in that it is essentially formed of un-glaciated volcanic overburden.
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Columbia is located in a region of massive granite intrusion that was glaciated in the Wisconsin age. The glacier caused till (unsorted, poorly drained soil) to be deposited over the entire region. This poorly drained till formed bogs and ponds and altered the drainage pattern. The underlying granite caused the till to be more thickly deposited on the northwest sides of ridges: on the southeast sides boulders were "plucked" and transported further south.
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As its name implies, the Transitional Sandy Plain ecoregion contains some of the characteristics of Sand Hills (44a) in the west and the glaciated regions to the east. This level to rolling plain has fine sandy loams to fine sands with soils coarser and sandier than other regions in 47. Potential natural vegetation is a combination of Sand Hills (44a) prairie, tallgrass prairie, and some wet meadows, and lacks the oak-hickory forest component found in more eastern regions.
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The peninsula is mountainous, with the highest summit reaching 2,144 m.Nuussuaq, Saga Map, Tage Schjøtt, 1992 The spinal range splits in two to the northwest of the base of the peninsula, with the southern arm forming the coastal range, the central arm almost entirely glaciated, and continuing northwest the entire length of the peninsula. The two arms are dissected by a deep Kuussuaq Valley, partially filled in the center with Sarqap Tassersuaq, a glacial, emerald lake.
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Most of the lake water comes from snowmelt; for much of the year the landscape around the lake is covered with snow. The area of Laguna del Maule was glaciated during the last ice age, with a glacial maximum occurring between and years ago. During this time a -wide ice cap covered the volcano and the surrounding valleys. Probably due to changes in the position of the Westerlies, after 23,000years ago the glaciers retreated above Laguna del Maule.
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The oldest volcano in the group, known as Sham Hill, is a high volcanic plug with a potassium-argon date of one million years. It is about wide and its uncovered glaciated surface is strewn with glacial erratics. Its massive level rock columns were constructed inside the main volcanic vent of a stratovolcano that has since been reduced by erosion. To the southeast, the Salal Glacier volcanic complex was constructed between 970,000 and 590,000 years ago.
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Kimberlite pipes may have formed during eruptions in the Cretaceous marking an end to volcanic activity. In the Cenozoic Lesotho experienced high rainfall and was one of the few places in southern Africa glaciated during the Pleistocene. As a result, extreme erosion formed cobble beds with sand and clay layers in lower elevation valleys, with material up to 20 meters thick. Donga is a local term for the steep-sided ravines common in Lesotho that formed in this material.
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Sugar Bush Knolls withdrew in 1965 and both Kent and Brady Lake formally separated from the township in 1993. Franklin Township is included in the Akron Metropolitan Statistical Area and the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area. Located on the western end of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau, the topography of Franklin Township includes rolling hills and varied terrain. Lake Rockwell, the main drinking water source for the city of Akron, is in the northeastern part of the township.
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Commander Mountain is a 3,371 meter (11,060 ft) glaciated mountain summit located west-southwest of Invermere in the Purcell Mountains of southeast British Columbia, Canada. It is the seventh-highest mountain in the Purcells. The nearest higher peak is Jumbo Mountain, to the south, and The Lieutenants is set to the west. The first ascent of Commander Mountain was made August 4, 1915, by A.H. & E.L. MacCarthy, M. & W.E. Stone, B. Shultz, and Conrad Kain via the north ridge.
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Volcanic processes have been building the mountains of Tongariro National Park for over two million years. Three volcanoes (Tongariro, Ngauruhoe and Ruapehu) remain active, while the park's two northernmost volcanoes (Pihanga and the Kakaramea-Tihia Massif) last erupted over 20,000 years ago. They have however produced significant historic mudflows. A glaciated valley on the southeast side of Mount Ruapehu Erosion and deposition by mountain glaciers has also played an important role in shaping Tongariro and Ruapehu volcanoes.
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The Sweetgrass Hills as seen from Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park in Canada. The hills were formed in the early Paleogene period, and geologically are known as stocks - intrusive igneous rock forced up from below and solidified. Because of uplift and erosion, the overlying rock formations have disappeared. The upper slopes of the hills have not been glaciated and would have stood above the ice sheet that covered the area during the last ice age. pp.84-85.
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There are at least 22 cones, and all volcanic landforms older than 12,000 years have been glaciated, the oldest the Soda Peaks basalt lava flows, dated to 0.36 million years old. Trout Creek is a shield volcano. Small in size, it is topped by two nearby cinder cones that produced dark gray olivine basalt lava flows with glomeroporphyritic olivine inclusions. Hornblende andesite can also be found northwest of the Trout Creek Hill volcano, near West Crater.
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Pinnacle in the northwestern ridge of Qalorujoorneq The island is hilly, and unlike its immediate neighbours, not glaciated, albeit covered with ice for more than half of the year. The highest point on the island is the summit of Qalorujoorneq, at topping a wide mountain massif in the southeast, directly above the Kulusuk Airport. Qalorujoorneq has three ridges. Its southeastern ridge extends to the southeastern promontory on the island, with two distinct peaks: Saajat at and Kangeq at .
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Its arcuate shape is the result of a large sector collapse one million years ago, which formed the "Arequipa volcanic landslide". Pichu Pichu was glaciated in the past, and this glaciation has left recognizable traces on the mountains including cirques, glacial troughs, hanging valleys and moraines. These moraines occur at elevations of and outwash plains are located beneath them. The removal of the western flank of the volcano was also originally considered to be the result of glacial erosion.
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Therefore, periglacial environments are anywhere that freezing and thawing modify the landscape in a significant manner. The tundra climate or periglacial zone is just outside of glaciated areas. The processes of erosion in these glacial-peripheral zones are markedly different than present processes, therefore their effects have been noted. Areas that are too dry for glaciation to occur but that display characteristics of oversteepened slopes, solifluction slumps and cirques indicate the presence of a periglacial zone.
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Barringer Slough, a remnant of the extensive prairie wetlands that once covered the Des Moines Lobe Often called the Prairie Pothole Region, the Des Moines Lobe was glaciated up until 12,000 years ago during the Wisconsin glaciation. The area is marked by rolling terrain and ridges. Historically, this area was peppered with small interconnected swamps, most of which were drained for farmland. The Iowa Great Lakes occur along the western edge of the Des Moines lobe.
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Mount Fairchild, also known as Mount William Fairchild, is a glaciated mountain summit located within Olympic National Park in Clallam County of Washington state. Mt. Fairchild is the second-highest peak in the Bailey Range which is a subrange of the Olympic Mountains. Its nearest higher neighbor is Mount Carrie, to the southwest, and Ruth Peak is set to the south. In clear weather, the mountain can be seen from the visitor center at Hurricane Ridge.
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Jatun Quenamari (possibly from Quechua hatun bigDiccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005 (Quechua-Spanish dictionary) (jatun in Bolivia), Aymara or Quechua qinamari (a possible spelling)) is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is situated in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Jatun Quenamari lies east of the large glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain"), southwest of Cuncunani.
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Jaquehuata (possibly from Aymara jaqhi cliff, wat'a island, see: jaqi vel jaqhi and isla "cliff island") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Jaquehuata lies east of the large glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain"). It is situated at the Anjasi valley and at an affluent of the Corani River northeast of Pata Anjasi and southeast of Cuncunani.
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Western Bhutan is basically made up of the valleys of Ha at , Paro at , and Thimphu at . The upper valley of Ha Chhu is glaciated but in its lower and middle course it flows along a deep V-shaped valley. There are many rocky outcrops along this river. The Ha valley is situated on Bhutan’s border with China, from Paro. One can climb to Chele La (mountain pass) at a height of , the highest point on Bhutans’ roads.
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The highest ridge is the easternmost and the Ain flows southwards in the lowest valley, which lies towards the western side of the Jura. The westernmost ridge is again rather higher as the plain of the Saône valley is subducted below the Jurassic rocks (Dercourt). The whole has been glaciated but there is relatively little till remaining in the Jura. The lower Ain flows on the plain where there is much Pleistocene material, much of it glacial till.
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The landscape of Kuiu Island has much in common with other areas of the Alexander Archipelago — heavily glaciated mountains alternating with narrow, deep fjords. Within the wilderness areas can be found a variety of ecological communities, including muskeg, Pacific temperate rain forest dominated by Sitka spruce and western hemlock, and alpine tundra zones as low as 2,000 feet above sea level. Prior to European colonization, significant populations of Tlingit native people lived on the island, particularly in Tebenkof Bay.
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An expedition led by Major Albert Bowman Rogers up the Illecillewaet discovered a viable pass in 1881. Rogers was awarded a five thousand dollar prize for locating a route through the mountains. In 1885, the CPR constructed a line through Rogers Pass and the following year trains were travelling west to the Pacific for the first time in Canada. The federal government and the CPR quickly realized the tourism potential of the mountainous, heavily glaciated area.
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Wellington: A.H. & A.W. Reed. p. 182 The Humboldts run roughly north- south for a distance of some , its eastern and western edges defined by the roughly parallel glaciated valleys of the Hollyford and Dart Rivers. They are separated from the Ailsa Range to the south by the smaller valley of the Caples River. In the extreme southeast, the range drops straight to the waters of Lake Wakatipu, close to the small settlements of Kinloch and Glenorchy.
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Crevasse Crag is a jagged steep-sided prominence on the summit of a glaciated mountain ridge in the Lillooet Ranges of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is located about southeast of the village of Pemberton. Situated on the boundary between New Westminster Land District and Kamloops Division Yale Land District, the peak has a maximum elevation of and a topographic prominence of . The name of the peak was adopted on March 31, 1969 as submitted by climber Christian Adam.
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Notable glaciated areas in this range are: Leon Huaccanan-Azuljanka, which is a plateau of 10 km. long and 2½ km. wide that rises eastward, to a steep cliff in its eastern margin; a tiny ice plateau at the union of the Yarupac-Torre de Cristal ridges; and finally mount Santa Rosa which has the most of the remaining glacier ice. Permanent snow begins at about 5000m in the northern and central parts of the range.
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Castle Lake with the headwall at the right, and the terminal moraine at the left. The lake's origins date to the Pleistocene Era (more than 10,000 years ago) when a glacier carved a basin in the location of the current lake. During that era, much of North America was glaciated. Castle Lake is a typical glacier cirque lake (or tarn), reaching depths of up to near the southern, granitic part of the lakeshore (the cirque face).
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The sand dunes at Forvie can be divided into three distinct parts. The southernmost point of the reserve consists of a sand spit at the point where the River Ythan enters the sea. To the north the sand rests on raised beaches terraces and glaciated rocks. North of this region is an area where the sand lies on top of a rock plateau, with glacial deposits of varying depths sandwiched between the rock and the sand.
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The subspecies is endemic to the islands of Svalbard, where it has lived for at least 5,000 years, and has become well adapted to the harsh climate, being found on nearly all non-glaciated areas of the archipelago. By 1925 they had almost gone extinct due to over-hunting in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Over recent decades their population has increased. As of 2019 the total population across the archipelago is approximately 22,000.
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Starting in the east near the Academy of Sciences Range by Mount Garmo, it stretches from Mount Garmo roughly southwestwards between the Vanj River and Panj River (following the flows of the two), and the Obikhingou, a tributary of the Vakhsh River. The Vanj River separates it from the Vanj Range. Roughly 750 km2 of the mountain chain are glaciated. The highest summit of the range is Arnavad Peak (Qullai Arnavad), a 6083 m high ultra-prominent peak.
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Due to relative ease of access and proximity to the major population centers of Alaska, Byron Peak and the surrounding area is a popular destination for mountain climbers, hikers, and, occasionally, skiers. The Byron Glacier Trail is a short and easy walk to the base of Byron Peak, and offers visitors panoramic views of steep glaciated mountains and Portage Lake. Continuing upward from the floor of the valley toward the peak requires technical skill and climbing equipment.
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A small islet lies shortly upstream of the dam, where the James River previously split into two channels. The dam and reservoir rest on a wide plain of shale where the James River cut a canyon up to wide and deep. The shale (called Pierre Shale) has a dark gray, bedded appearance, and is mostly claystone or siltstone. The valley also contains many traces of alluvium, mainly deposited during the last ice age when the area was heavily glaciated.
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The Edaga Arbi Glacials fill the bottom of north-south oriented valleys, that were carved by glaciers, into the Precambrian basement and in Early Palaeozoic sediments. These valleys were often several kilometres wide and tens of meters deep. Indeed, northern Ethiopia was glaciated in the Early Palaeozoic (Late Ordovician; ~445 Ma), and in the Late Palaeozoic (Carboniferous-Permian; ~300 Ma). This has led to the presence of glacial sediments as well as erosional landforms in eastern Tigray.
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This raised the possibility that the species would become extinct, because there might be no surviving females. One male bird was captured in the Milford area in 1975, christened "Richard Henry", and transferred to Maud Island. All the birds the Wildlife Service discovered from 1951 to 1976 were in U-shaped glaciated valleys flanked by almost-vertical cliffs and surrounded by high mountains. Such extreme terrain had slowed colonisation by browsing mammals, leaving islands of virtually unmodified native vegetation.
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The Felber Tauern join the Venediger Group to the Granatspitze Group. Whilst clearly defined side ridges regularly branch off northwards from the main chain of the Venediger Group, towards the south the mountain tend to sprawl over a larger area forming their own subgroups: the Durreck Group, the Panargenkamm and the Lasörling Group. Located between the heavily glaciated main crest and the Lasörling Group west of Matrei, the Virgen valley the only permanently settled valley within the Venediger Group.
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Perhaps the most important evolutionary development of the time was the evolution of amniotic eggs, which allowed amphibians to move farther inland and remain the dominant vertebrates for the duration of this period. Also, the first reptiles and synapsids evolved in the swamps. Throughout the Carboniferous, there was a cooling trend, which led to the Permo-Carboniferous glaciation or the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse. Gondwana was glaciated as much of it was situated around the south pole.
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Topographical map of Svalbard The Svalbard Archipelago is in the Arctic Ocean from the North Pole and a similar distance north of Norway. The islands are mountainous, the peaks permanently snow- covered, some glaciated; there are occasional river terraces at the bottom of steep valleys and some coastal plain. In winter the islands are covered in snow and the bays ice over. Spitsbergen Island has several large fiords along its west coast and Isfjorden is up to wide.
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Other nearby communities include Brady Lake and Ravenna to the east and Sugar Bush Knolls and Streetsboro to the north. It is included in the Akron Metropolitan Statistical Area and the larger Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area. Located on the western end of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau, the topography of Kent includes rolling hills and varied terrain. The Cuyahoga River passes through the city, cutting a gorge with a drop of nearly adjacent to the downtown area.
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Scientists have been studying the impact of climate change and water use. For example, each year more water is diverted from rivers for snowmaking in the ski resorts, the effect of which is yet unknown. Furthermore, the decrease of glaciated areas combined with a succession of winters with lower-than-expected precipitation may have a future impact on the rivers in the Alps as well as an effect on the water availability to the lowlands.Chatré, Baptiste, et al.
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The main period of glaciation to shape the Lake District was the Devensian (the British name for the last glacial period). There were undoubtedly earlier glacial phases, but all signs of them were removed by erosion associated with the Devensian phase. The radial pattern of the main deeply glaciated valleys is thought to reflect the original radial pre-glacial drainage pattern of the massif. At various times, the peaks were either completely covered by ice or formed protruding nunataks.
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A cirque typically will be partially surrounded on three sides by steep cliffs, with a fourth side a form of morraine constructed from glacial till, which forms the lip, threshold or sill, from which either a stream or glacier will flow away from the cirque. Tarns form from the melting of the cirque glacier. They may either be seasonal features as supraglacial lakes, or permanent features which form in the hollows left by cirques in formerly glaciated areas.
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The Wildkarspitze rises on the municipal territory of Krimml in the Pinzgau. It is the highest summit on the Gerloskamm, a north-south running ridge in the Reichenspitze Group, which forms the eastern boundary of the Zillertal Alps. To the west of the mountain is the valley of Wildgerlostal, to the east that of the Krimmler Achental. Whilst the western mountainside of the Wildkarspitze has a rocky character, the northern and eastern sides are heavily glaciated.
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The three fittest men—Shackleton, Crean, and Worsley—were decided to trek across the island's glaciated surface, in a hazardous 36-hour journey to the nearest manned whaling station.Alexander, p. 156 This trek was the first recorded crossing of the mountainous island, completed without tents, sleeping bags, or map—their only mountaineering equipment was a carpenter's adze, a length of alpine rope, and screws from the James Caird hammered through their boots to serve as crampons.Worsley, pp.
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Akron () is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Summit County. It is located on the western edge of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau, about south of Cleveland. As of the 2019 Census estimate, the city proper had a total population of 197,597, making it the 125th largest city in the United States. The Greater Akron area, covering Summit and Portage counties, had an estimated population of 703,505.
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All-America Bridge Akron is located in the Great Lakes region about south of Lake Erie, on the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau. It is bordered by Cuyahoga Falls on the north and Barberton in the southwest. It is the center of the Akron Metropolitan Statistical Area which covers Summit and Portage Counties, and the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area. Located on the western end of the plateau, the topography of Akron includes rolling hills and varied terrain.
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Mount O'Neel is a glaciated mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated northeast of Cordova, and southeast of Mount Williams, on land managed by Chugach National Forest. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the south face of the mountain rises up over 5,400 feet (1,646 m) in less than one mile from the immense Childs Glacier. The peak can be seen from the Copper River Highway.
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In the USA, the natural types of GIWS are: prairie pothole wetlands, playas, Nebraska’s Rainwater Basin and Sandhills wetlands, West Coast vernal pools, sinkhole wetlands, Carolina bays, intradunal and interdunal wetlands, desert springs, endorheic basin in the Great Basin, and kettle-hole in glaciated regions. Non-floodplain wetlands are classified in three categories which include GIWs: depressional wetlands, slope wetlands and flats wetlands. Depressional wetlands occur in topographic depressions with or without surface outlets.Brinson, M. M. 1993.
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The Kaçkar Mountains (; ) or simply Kaçkars (), formerly known as the Lazistan Mountains are a mountain range that rises above the Black Sea coast in eastern Turkey. With highest peak Kaçkar Dağı at an elevation of , and mountain plateaus at about in elevation, it is the highest part of the Pontic Mountains. The Kaçkars are glaciated mountains that are alpine in character, with steep rocky peaks and numerous mountain lakes. The area was declared a national park in 1994.
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White Pond has recently attracted scientific attention as having preserved a relatively long record of sediment accumulation in the pond. Several scientists have taken various core samples from White Pond that could reveal information on temperatures of non-glaciated areas during the Ice Age, and information on plant and animal life in the area during the past.Watts, W.A., 1980, Late-Quaternary vegetation history at White Pond on the inner Coastal Plain of South Carolina: Quaternary Research, v.
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Under the Köppen climate classification, Kamchatka generally has a subarctic climate (Dfc), but higher and more northerly areas have a polar climate (ET). Kamchatka is much wetter and milder than eastern Siberia. It is essentially transitional from the hypercontinental climate of Siberia and northeast China to the rain- drenched subpolar oceanic climate of the Aleutian Islands. There is considerable variation, however, between the rain-drenched and heavily glaciated east coast and the drier and more continental interior valley.
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The park sits on limestone laid down on the floor of a shallow sea 500 million years ago. Torrents of runoff at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation 10,000 years ago carved the bed of the Mississippi River down into this limestone, leaving high bluffs along its banks. The park is situated in the Driftless Area, an atypically rugged region of the Upper Midwest because it was never glaciated and covered with a layer of glacial till, or drift.
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The cold period was followed by another warming which continues today and during which the glaciers are retreating. However, even in the Holocene there have been variations in temperature and ice advances, the last one in the modern era being the so-called Little Ice Age. The Holocene is considered an "interglacial" of a larger ice age, since the poles and the high mountain areas are still glaciated. For stratigraphic chronology see the sister article: Weichselian glaciation.
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The Pamirs in particular are heavily glaciated, and Tajikistan is home to the largest non-polar glacier in the world, the Fedchenko Glacier. The Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan lie in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province (GBAO) in the east half of the country. The northern border is formed by the Trans-Alay Range (Independence Peak , Kyzylart Pass ). The highest peak is Ismoil Somoni Peak () (formerly known as Stalin Peak and Communism Peak), on the north-western edge of GBAO.
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Guardian Mountain is a glaciated mountain summit located in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in the southern portion of the Juneau Icefield, northeast of Juneau, and southwest of Slanting Peak which is its nearest higher neighbor. Guardian Mountain is a nunatak surrounded by the Norris Glacier, on land managed by Tongass National Forest. This peak's local name was published in 1960 by the U.S. Geological Survey.
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The Svalbard Archipelago is in the Arctic Ocean, from the North Pole and a similar distance to Norway to the south. The islands are mountainous, with permanently snow-covered peaks, some glaciated; there are occasional river terraces at the bottom of steep valleys and some coastal plains. In winter, the islands are covered in snow and the bays ice over. To the west, Spitzbergen Island has several large fiords along its west coast; Isfjorden being up to wide.
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Sahale Mountain is a jagged, glaciated mountain, in North Cascades National Park, in northern Washington state. The summit of Sahale Mountain is referred to as Sahale Peak. It is south of its higher neighbor, Boston Peak, and the saddle between the two is lower than Sahale's summit. Quien Sabe Glacier is to the west of the ridge between the two peaks while Davenport Glacier is in a cirque east of this ridge and above Horseshoe Basin.
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In the park visitors can enjoy the wide open waters of the lake in a boat, or canoe through a maze of islands among smooth glaciated rocks and vertical rock walls. In the clear water, you will be able to catch a glimpse of the depths that are the domain of wild brown trout. You can also trek from herb-rich forests to high cliffs for a view over the magnificent landscape of the osprey.Southern Konnevesi National Park. Outdoors.fi.
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Much of the surrounding area is a mire type of wetland: characterized by living, peat-forming plants. The most common forms of mire are wet meadows and grass bogs. Underlying the area is a thick layer of clay that prevents drainage through the soil. Species diversity is high due to the favorable conditions; Endemism is high because the area was not glaciated in the Pleistocene, creating in the area both a refuge and a migratory route for species.
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If the ice had advanced outward and then retreated leaving behind an outwash, kettles may have formed. Outwash kettle lakes are usually shallow and their numbers are much smaller than in other glaciated regions. The abundant sand quickly can fill in the depressions and composes most of the beaches of these lakes. Because Minnesota has had glacial movements into the state from both the northeast and northwest, the landscape has been modified by overlapping glacial regions.
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Just a few kilometres west of Cho Oyu is Nangpa La (5,716m/18,753 ft), a glaciated pass that serves as the main trading route between the Tibetans and the Khumbu's Sherpas. This pass separates the Khumbu and Rolwaling Himalayas. Due to its proximity to this pass and the generally moderate slopes of the standard northwest ridge route, Cho Oyu is considered the easiest 8,000 metre peak to climb. It is a popular objective for professionally guided parties.
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Another water source in the Great Plains is wetlands, with the greatest concentrations located in the northern glaciated region of the plains. Up to half of areas in the northern Great Plains are wetlands. These, as well as the wetlands in the Nebraska Sandhills, serve as major breeding, staging, and nesting habitat for migratory waterfowl. Playas, or temporary lakes, in the southwestern United States also provide habitats for migrating waterfowl from Canada and the United States during the winter.
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This region was glaciated during the last ice age, and contains prominent glacial features including till and drumlins, as well as the valleys containing the Finger Lakes. Part of the area was covered by Glacial Lake Iroquois, while regions further to the east were flooded under the Champlain Sea. At one point during the melting of the glaciers, the Great Lakes drained down the Hudson River to the Atlantic Ocean.Eyles, N. Ontario Rocks: Three Billion Years of Environmental Change.
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The Partly Forested Mountains ecoregion occupies the elevational belt above the Semiarid Uplands on the Jarbidge, Independence, Owyhee, and Steens mountains, from 6,500 to 10,900 feet (1,981 to 3,322 m). These are partially glaciated, high, rugged mountains with glacial features including moraines, cirques, and tarn (lake)s. Perennial or intermittent, high gradient, cold streams are fed by snowmelt and springs, supporting federally threatened bull trout and Lahontan cutthroat trout in Nevada. Riffle segments have cobble or boulder substrates.
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The Vogelberg is a 3,218 metres high mountain of the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. It is the highest summit of the Lepontine Alps south of the Rheinwaldhorn. The Vogelberg is a large glaciated massif consisting of several secondary summits: Pizzo Cramorino (3,134 metres) on the west side and Rheinquellhorn (3,200 metres) on the east. The northern flanks are covered by the Paradies Glacier at the source of the Hinterrhein.
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The Northwest Iowa Loess Prairies ecoregion is a gently undulating plain with a moderate to thick layer of loess. It is the highest and driest region of the Western Corn Belt Plains, as it rises to meet the Northern Glaciated Plains (46) of the Dakotas. Although loess covers almost all of the broad upland flats, ridges, and slopes, minor glacial till outcrops occur near the base of some of the side slopes. Silty clay loam soils have developed on the loess.
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Lake Rivadavia (Lago Rivadavia) is a lake in Chubut Province, Argentina. Lake Rivadavia is the second lake, after Lake Cholila, in the chain of lakes in the Futaleufú River system of Argentina which via Yelcho Lake and the Yelcho River flows into the Pacific Ocean in Chile. Located in the Andes, Lake Rivadavia is of glacial origin and occupies a narrow north to south valley between glaciated peaks. All the lake except the northern tip is in the Los Alerces National Park.
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Events such as the Western States Endurance Run and the equestrian Western States Trail Ride, (popularly called The Tevis Cup) cross portions of the wilderness. The Pacific Crest Trail also passes through along the east edge of the wilderness. This region is extensively glaciated and has features such as hanging valleys, cirques and U-shaped valleys, but few lakes. Just outside the wilderness boundary there are two large recreation reservoirs, Hell Hole Reservoir to the south and French Meadows Reservoir to the west.
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The Sawtooth Wilderness has a history of alpine glaciation, and while no surface glaciers exist today, perennial snow fields and rock glaciers remain, usually on north or east facing slopes. There have been 202 perennial snow fields mapped in the Sawtooth Mountains. The Sawtooth Mountains were last extensively glaciated in the Pleistocene, but glaciers probably existed during the Little Ice Age, which ended around AD 1850. Remnants of glacial activity include glacial lakes, moraines, horns, hanging valleys, cirques, and arêtes.
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These deposits belong to a large area of sedimentation, which is triangular in plan. The key points can be described for example by the location of the places Saarlouis, Beckingen and Bilsdorf. Diefflen as part of the Saarland was never glaciated during the ice ages. However, Saar and Prims were only able to transport their material for removal, which fell in large quantities under the climatic conditions of the cold ages, so that it was accumulated on wide valley floors.
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Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Selwyn is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports an intensely glaciated area around the mountain including the Fox Glacier on the north aspect, The Bishops Glacier on the south, the Deville Névé to southeast, and the Deville Glacier to the east. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into the Beaver River.
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The region is generally lightly populated, with much of its southwestern part being uninhabited national park. Much of the scenery was heavily glaciated during the last ice age, and as such contains many broad U-shaped valleys, several of which are filled with large lakes. These include the country's deepest lake, Lake Hauroko, and three of the country's four largest lakes. If the Mackenzie Basin is included, seven of the country's ten largest lakes form part of the Southern Lakes.
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The Dwarfie Stane with the entrance to the tomb Plan of Dwarfie Stane 19th- century Persian inscription on the Dwarfie Stane The Dwarfie Stane is a megalithic chambered tomb carved out of a titanic block of Devonian Old Red Sandstone located in a steep-sided glaciated valley between the settlements of Quoys and Rackwick on Hoy, an island in Orkney, Scotland."The Dwarfie Stane, Hoy" Orkneyjar. Retrieved 27 May 2010. The stone is a glacial erratic located in desolate peatland.
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The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz, measuring 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Despite the fact that it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses.
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Atlin/Áa Tlein Téix'i Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. Situated in the remote northwestern corner of the province, the park protects large tracts of boreal forest, alpine tundra and glaciated terrain. The southern third of Atlin Lake, the largest natural body of freshwater in the province, is within the park boundary. The park is very undeveloped; no roads traverse it and no facilities, supplies, developed campsites or maintained hiking trails are available inside the park.
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The prominent spine of Mount Fee rising above the lightly glaciated northern subglacial dome of Ember Ridge. Human habitation at Mount Fee extends from hundreds to thousands of years ago. Glassy volcanic rocks, such as rhyodacite, were widely used to make knives, chisels, adzes and other sharp tools before the arrival of Europeans in the 18th century. It was collected from a number of minor outcrops on the flanks of Mount Fee, as well as at the Mount Cayley massif and Mount Callaghan.
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Duck Mountain Provincial Park was designated a provincial park by the Government of Manitoba in 1961. The park is considered to be a Class II protected area under the IUCN protected area management categories. The Duck Mountains are a rise of forested (formerly glaciated) land between the Saskatchewan prairie to the west and the Manitoba lowlands to the east. They are some 200m higher than the floor of the Assiniboine River valley to the west, and some 400m higher than the Manitoba lowlands.
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The snow-free debris hills around the lagoon are lateral and terminal moraines of a valley glacier in Nepal. A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (regolith and rock) that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions on Earth (i.e. a past glacial maximum), through geomorphological processes. Moraines are formed from debris previously carried along by a glacier, and normally consist of somewhat rounded particles ranging in size from large boulders to minute glacial flour.
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Severnaya Zemlya, Russia Severnaya Zemlya comprises four major islands – October Revolution, Bolshevik, Komsomolets, and Pioneer – and around 70 smaller islands, covering a total area of about . It is separated from the Taymyr Peninsula by the Vilkitsky Strait. Four of the main islands are largely glaciated, October Revolution, Komsomolets, and Pioneer, as well as the smaller Schmidt Island at the northwestern limit. The glacierised area on Bolshevik, the southernmost main island of the group, covers about a quarter of its land's surface.
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However, other evidence suggests that the period of was generally colder and more glaciated than the last 500 million years. This is thought to be the result of solar radiation approximately 20% lower than today. Solar luminosity was 30% dimmer when the Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago, and it is expected to increase in luminosity approximately 10% per billion years in the future. On very long time scales, the evolution of the sun is also an important factor in determining Earth's climate.
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Desolation Sound Marine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, and is located approximately 32 km north of Powell River and 150 km north of Vancouver. This provincial marine park, which is about 84 km² in size is only accessible by boat. It is distinguished by its many picturesque sheltered coves and anchorages, and is frequented by yachts and pleasure craft. The scenery consists of waterfalls, rugged glaciated peaks, and their steep forested slopes that fall into the ocean.
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Llanthony Priory () is a partly ruined Arches at Llanthony Priory:: OS grid SO2827 :: Geograph British Isles – photograph every grid square! former Augustinian priory Llanthony Priory:: OS grid SO2827 :: Geograph British Isles – photograph every grid square! in the secluded Vale of Ewyas, a steep-sided once-glaciated valley within the Black Mountains area of the Brecon Beacons National Park in Monmouthshire, south east Wales. It lies seven miles north of Abergavenny on an old road to Hay-on-Wye at Llanthony.
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The Teifi and its tributaries are underlain by ancient Ordovician and Silurian mudstones which have been extensively glaciated during the ice ages. The resultant landform is one of gently rolling hills supporting a range of agriculture in which dairy and sheep farming dominate. Ceredigion had the reputation of supplying London with its milk in the 19th century. The landscapes of the Teifi valley are very attractive and the Teifi is considered by many to be one of the most beautiful rivers in Wales.
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The newly upgraded U.S. Route 59 freeway between Ottawa, Kansas and Lawrence, Kansas US-59 is a highway which runs from south to north in eastern Kansas. It enters the state from Oklahoma south of Chetopa and passes through Parsons, Ottawa, Oswego, Moran, Garnette, and Lawrence. The route leaves Kansas for Missouri by crossing the Missouri River at Atchison. Most of the route climbs the cuestas of the Osage prairie, while north of the Kansas River, it cuts through the glaciated region.
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Mount Francis is a glaciated mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. This landform is situated southeast of Valdez, southwest of Hogback Ridge, and northwest of Meteorite Mountain. This feature was named in 1898 by Captain William R. Abercrombie who led an 1898 expedition seeking a route from coastal Alaska to the Klondike. Precipitation runoff and meltwater from the mountain's glaciers drains into tributaries of the Lowe River, which in turn empties to Prince William Sound.
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Hogback Ridge is a glaciated mountain ridge located in the Chugach Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. This landform is situated east of Valdez, west of Thompson Pass, and the Richardson Highway traverses the southern base of the mountain. This feature takes its name from the Hogback Glacier on its northern slopes, and in turn the glacier was named in 1898 by Captain William R. Abercrombie. Abercrombie led an 1898 expedition seeking a route from coastal Alaska to the Klondike.
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Mushko Valley is a valley in Drass in the Indian union territory of Ladakh. Considered to be glaciated and unsuitable for human habitation, it came into prominence in 1999 during the Kargil conflict when Pakistan infiltrated troops across the Line of Control. The Mushkoh valley is the limit of at the western extremity of Ladakh, west of which lies the northern reaches of the Kashmir valley. The Mushko Valley is nestled in Drass – the second coldest inhabited place in the world.
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It is very mountainous, culminating in two peaks in its central part. The mountain tops at the spine of the peninsula are partially glaciated, with the Sermikassaq mountain glacier flowing to the north from the highest point. While the small bay near the Nuussuaq settlement provides a sheltered harbour, the remainder of the southeastern coastline is not developed. There are several fjords on the northwestern shore, from Qasigialissuaq in the southwest, to Qasigiassuit and much larger Kangerluarsuk in the northeast.
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There is a number of smaller mountain lakes on the island, and one larger Tasersuaq Lake at the lower, eastern end of the island. The island is very mountainous, with a glaciated ridge spanning its entire length. The highest point on the island is an unnamed peak of in the center of the island. Several other summits of the island ridge exceed , from the massif overlooking Tasersuaq Lake in the east to the bastion over the Wilcox Head promontory in the west.
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The Table, a flow-dominated tuya rising above the southwestern side of Garibaldi Lake. A number of volcanic features in the Garibaldi Belt are protected by provincial parks. Garibaldi Provincial Park at the southern end of the chain was established in 1927 to protect the abundant geological history, glaciated mountains and other natural resources in the region. It was named after the stratovolcano Mount Garibaldi, which in turn was named after the Italian military and political leader Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1860.
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The Rieserferner Group forms the southwesternmost part of the High Tauern, its foothills running towards the southwest as far as Bruneck in the Puster Valley. Its name is derived from the Rieserferner, a glacier on the northern flank between the Hochgall (highest summit in the range at ) and the Schneebiger Nock (). The Rieserferner Group is rather small in comparison with other Alpine ranges. It is, however, popular with climbers and hikers due to its prominent and steep, partly glaciated summits.
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K-7 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is mostly a small country highway winding its way through the Osage Questas and Glaciated Regions of eastern Kansas, although a portion of the highway passes through the Kansas City metropolitan area. Significant portions of the highway overlap with U.S. Route 169 (US-169) and US-73. It also has junctions with two Interstate highways, Interstate 35 (I-35) in Olathe and I-70 in Bonner Springs.
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The southern end of the Primorsky maritime province was not glaciated in the most recent ice age, creating conditions for high levels of biodiversity. Zov Tigra occupies the highlands at the southern end of the region, on the ridge of the Sikhote-Alin mountains. The Milogradovik River flows from the area south to the Sea of Japan, some 50 miles to the south. Flowing to the north, tributaries of the Ussuri River make their way to the Amur River basin.
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The Canadian Rockies are overall more jagged than the American Rockies, because the Canadian Rockies have been more heavily glaciated, resulting in sharply pointed mountains separated by wide, U-shaped valleys gouged by glaciers, whereas the American Rockies are overall more rounded, with river-carved V-shaped valleys between them. The Canadian Rockies are cooler and wetter, giving them moister soil, bigger rivers, and more glaciers. The tree line is much lower in the Canadian Rockies than in the American Rockies.
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Summit of Sajama Above , Sajama is extensively glaciated. It is among the southernmost mountains in the region with significant glaciers; farther south the atmosphere is too dry to permit the development of glaciers. Two ice cores were taken in 1997 from the summit area after a preceding religious ceremony, as the local Aymara people feared that the mountain deities would be angered by the drilling otherwise. Rock glaciers also occur above the zero degree isotherm above , such as on lateral peaks.
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St. Moritz (also , , , ) is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the district of Maloja in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair () overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and eponymous lake: Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
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Kebnekaise (; from Sami or , "Cauldron Crest") is the highest mountain in Sweden. The Kebnekaise massif, which is part of the Scandinavian Mountains, has two main peaks. The glaciated southern peak used to be the highest at above sea level, but has shrunk by 24 meters during the last 50 years, making the northern icefree peak at the highest. Kebnekaise lies in Swedish Lapland, about north of the Arctic Circle and west of Kiruna near the Kungsleden hiking trail between Abisko and Hemavan.
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The Thuchi River is the district boundary between Tharaka Nithi and Embu. Mount Kenya is a major water tower for the Tana river which in 1988 supplied 80% of Kenya's electricity using a series of seven hydroelectric powerstations and dams. The density of streams is very high, especially on the lower slopes which have never been glaciated. The ice cap which used to cover the mountain during the Pliocene eroded large U-shaped valleys which tend to only have one large stream.
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As a result, the topography of this section of the plateau is relatively flat in comparison to the rest of the physiographic province. This portion of the plateau is marked with evidence of a glaciated past including bogs, lakes, and small hills of sand and gravel. The topography of the rest of the plateau was created mainly from stream erosion. The result is a rugged landscape, unlike many other plateaus, that includes many narrow stream valleys surrounded by steep ridges.
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The prehistory of New England is an important topic of research for New England archaeologists. Humans reached the current-day New England region by at least 10,500 years ago and likely earlier, occupying a recently de- glaciated environment. Pre-contact Native American groups in New England did not have full-fledged market economies and physical artifacts tended to change very slowly. However, technological shifts brought agriculture and ceramics to the region prior to the arrival of European settlers in the 17th century.
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The upper side is glaciated, the second largest glacier of the Alps, the Gorner Glacier lies at the foot of Monte Rosa (4,634 m), while the Zmutt Glacier lies at the foot of the Matterhorn (4,478 m). Around the village of Randa are located the Weisshorn (4,505 m) and the Dom (4,545 m). The difference of height between the talweg and the summits on both side reaches over 3 km. The total length of the valley is about 40 km.
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Glaciation in this area of the plateau removed the sharp relief that is seen in unglaciated areas of the plateau. The line of the distant peaks approximates the level of a peneplain that was uplifted to form the plateau. The Glaciated Allegheny Plateau is that portion of the Allegheny Plateau that lies within the area covered by the last glaciation. As a result, this area of the Allegheny Plateau has lower relief and gentler slopes than the relatively rugged Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau.
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Wales Island lies on the northern edge of the Hecate Lowland Ecosection, a once heavily glaciated band of narrow lowland rain forest and coastal archipelago that stretches from Portland Inlet in the north to Queen Charlotte Strait in the south. Hecate Lowland terrain is generally rough and rocky, with wide areas of muskeg wetland and bog forest. Tree species include western red cedar, yellow cedar, mountain hemlock and fir. Salal, ferns, berry bush and skunk cabbage are commonly found undergrowth.
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There are three settlements in the vicinity of the fjord. The only village on the mainland is Kuummiit, located on the central fjord's eastern coast, perched on the tip of a partially glaciated peninsula. The main settlement of the Ammassalik archipelago is the town of Tasiilaq, located on the island of Ammassalik, near the mouth of the tributary Tasiilaq Fjord (), just south of the mouth of Ammassalik Fjord. Further to the southeast, Kulusuk village occupies the northern shore of Kulusuk Island.
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The first mountaineering visit at Mount Silverthrone was by the famous pioneering climbing group of Don and Phyllis Munday in 1936 by walking up the Klinaklini Glacier from the head of Knight Inlet. Because Silverthrone is heavily glaciated, Don Munday called the mountain "home of the snows".Ha-Iltzuk Icefield in the Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-11-13 Skiing on Mount Silverthrone includes skiing on the largest ice field in the southern Coast Mountains, the Ha-Iltzuk Icefield.
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The Chon-Kemin valley was glaciated up to its inflow into the Chu valley. From the west-elongation of the Kungey Alatau—that is the Kirgizskiy Alatau range (42°25′N/74–75°E)—the glacial glaciers flowed down as far as into the mountain foreland down to 900 m asl (close to the town Bishkek). Among others the Ak- Sai valley glacier has developed there a mountain foreland glacier. Altogether the glacial Tian Shan glaciation occupied an area of c. .
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MacGillycuddy's Reeks () is a sandstone and siltstone mountain range in the Iveragh Peninsula in County Kerry, Ireland. Stretching , from the Gap of Dunloe in the east, to Glencar in the west, the Reeks is Ireland's highest mountain range, and includes most of the highest peaks and sharpest ridges in Ireland, and the only peaks on the island over in height. Near the centre of the range is Carrauntoohil, Ireland's highest mountain at . The range was heavily glaciated which carved out deep corries (e.g.
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In environmental science, attrition is a form of coastal or river erosion, when the bed load is eroded by itself and the bed. As rocks are transported downstream along a riverbed, the regular impacts between the grains themselves and between the grains and the bed cause them to be broken into smaller fragments. This process also makes them rounder and smoother. Attrition can also occur in glaciated regions, where it is caused by the movement of ice with embedded boulders over surface sediments.
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There are no endemic fish within the Columbia Glaciated region itself. Riparian vegetation is mostly found along the lower two-thirds of the Kootenay and many of the tributaries that join within the United States. The other sections of the river flow through far more rugged terrain and are characterized by braiding, low nutrient content, shifting channels and coarse sediments, making it difficult for riparian zones to be established, as is with most of its upper and lower tributaries.Characterization of Biomes, p.
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Mount Nagishlamina is an 11,068-foot (3,374 meter) glaciated mountain summit located in the Tordrillo Mountains of the Alaska Range, in the US state of Alaska. The mountain is situated west of Anchorage, northwest of Mount Spurr, and southeast of Mount Torbert, which is the nearest higher neighbor. It is the fifth-highest peak in the Tordrillo Mountains, a subset of the Alaska Range. The mountain takes its Denaʼina language name from the Nagishlamina River which drains the west side of the peak.
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Location of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands. Sotos Point is a glaciated point projecting 180 m into the southeast part of Discovery Bay, Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and forming the east side of the entrance to Montecinos Cove (). Sotos Point was named by the 1949-50 Chilean Antarctic Expedition after several members of the expedition with the surname Soto, while Montecinos Cove was named by the 1947 Chilean Antarctic Expedition after a member of the expedition.
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In January 1958 Bonatti was in Patagonia, (Argentina), to participate in a mixed Italian-Argentinian expedition in the glaciated mountains of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. The objective was to climb with Carlo Mauri the unclimbed Cerro Torre (). The climb started from the west side of the mountain 2 February in conditions of fair weather, but the route would prove to be difficult and the climbing equipment (ropes and pitons) insufficient. Very likely, the climb itself was above the skills of the best climbers of those years.
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Disputed evidence of the oldest remains of human inhabitation in North America have been found in the Yukon. A large number of apparently human-modified animal bones were discovered in the Old Crow area in the northern Yukon that have been dated to 25,000-40,000 years ago by carbon dating. The central and northern Yukon were not glaciated, as they were part of Beringia. At about 800, a large volcanic eruption in Mount Churchill near the Alaska border blanketed the southern Yukon with ash.
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The whole of the basins of the Lake Ladoga, Lake Onega and the White Sea were glaciated at the time of the LGM. These basins possibly canalized the Weschelian ice into streams that feed the lobes found further east and south. Highlands made up of hard bedrock like Valdai and Tihvin had the opposite effect of diverting ice into basins. The three main lobes of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet in Russia during the LGM followed the basins of Rybisnk and the rivers of Dvina, Vologda.
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The Ticaña phase was accompanied by a drop in water level. The Tauca and Coipasa phases are sometimes considered separate. Lakes Tauca and Minchin have been considered the same lake system and called Lake Pocoyu, after the present-day lakes in the area. "Minchin" is also used by some authors as a name for the system. The Tunupa volcano was glaciated during the Tauca episode The Chita tuff was deposited in Lake Tauca at altitude approximately 15,650 years BP, when the lake may have been regressing.
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The Grand Combin is a mountain massif in the western Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais. With its highest summit, the Combin de Grafeneire, it is one of the highest peaks in the AlpsConsidering peaks with at least 300 metres prominence, it is the eighth highest. and the second most prominent of the Pennine Alps. The Grand Combin is also a large glaciated massif consisting of several summits, among which three are above 4000 metres (Combin de Grafeneire , Combin de Valsorey , Combin de la Tsessette ).
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The Haystacks are enigmatic mounds of sandstone that outcrop in Loyalsock Creek south of Dushore in Sullivan County. They are a single bed of quartz sandstone with an undulating upper surface with up to one meter relief. The origin of the mounds is debatable.The Haystacks, "Ricketts Folly," and The End of the World: Geology of the Glaciated Allegheny High Plateau, Sullivan, Luzerne, and Columbia Counties, Pennsylvania, 71st Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists (field trip guide book), J. D. Inners, G. M. Fleeger, eds.
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A number of volcanic features in the Canadian Cascade Arc are protected by provincial parks. Garibaldi Provincial Park was established in 1927 to protect the abundant geological history, glaciated mountains and other natural resources in the region. It was named after the high stratovolcano of Mount Garibaldi, which in turn was named after the Italian military and political leader Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1860. To the northwest, Brandywine Falls Provincial Park protects Brandywine Falls, a high waterfall composed of at least four basaltic lava flows with columnar joints.
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"Once the Indians got wind of it, they ordered 300 outfits—twice as many as we had—and rushed their men up to Siachen". The acquisition of key supplies needed for operations in glaciated zones marked the start of major combat operations on the glacier. A memorial at the headquarters of the Dogra Regiment of the Indian Army in remembrance of members of the regiment who died or served in the Siachen Conflict. April 1984 Operation Meghdoot: Indian Army under the leadership of Lt. Gen.
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Hikers follow the Garden Wall section of the trail The Highline Trail in Glacier National Park is a scenic hiking trail stretching from Logan Pass to Granite Park Chalet, and continuing another from there to Fifty Mountain Campground. The trail follows the Garden Wall ridge and the continental divide for most of its length. The trail offers scenic views of glaciated U-shaped valleys. A round trip side trail takes hikers up the side of the Garden Wall to an overlook to Grinnell Glacier.
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The Carboniferous Period saw the Eastern Highlands of Australia form as a result of its collision with what are now parts of South America (e.g. the Sierra de Cordoba) and New Zealand. At the time they were formed they are believed to have been as high as any mountains on the planet today, but they have been almost completely eroded in the 280 million years since. Another notable feature of Carboniferous Australia was a major ice age which left over half of the continent glaciated.
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On the western side of the Andes the ice sheet reached sea level as far north as in the 41 degrees south at Chacao Channel. The western coast of Patagonia was largely glaciated, but some authors have pointed out the possible existence of ice-free refugia for some plant species. On the eastern side of the Andes, glacier lobes occupied the depressions of Seno Skyring, Seno Otway, Inútil Bay, and Beagle Channel. On the Straits of Magellan, ice reached as far as Segunda Angostura.
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A cruise ship docked in Skagway Skagway is located at (59.468519, −135.305962). Skagway is located in a narrow glaciated valley at the head of the Taiya Inlet, the north end of the Lynn Canal, which is the most northern fjord on the Inside Passage on the south coast of Alaska. It is in the Alaska panhandle 90 miles northwest of Juneau, Alaska's capital city. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , of which is land and (2.5%) is water.
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A longer 5-hour variation is to continue north along the summit ridge from Mount Brandon to Piaras Mor, and then descend to Ballyknockane. East face of Mount Brandon seen from the Faha Route, at Cloghane. A scenic variation is the 4–5-hour Faha Route, the Pilgrim's Path, which starts from the east via the car park at the Faha Grotto () just outside Cloghane. The route to the summit is marked, and offers views of the deep corries and paternoster lakes on Brandon's glaciated east face.
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Oreobolus obtusangulus is a thick cushion grass native to South America. It grows in the highlands of Colombia and Venezuela, alpine wetlands of Central Chile and Neuquén Province of Argentina. Further south it grows at lower elevations including Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands. Oreobolus obtusangulus grows in parts of Patagonia that were glaciated during the last glaciation, a genetic study suggest that the survived glaciation in three separate glacial refugia; these being south-central Chile, the eastern Patagonian Andes and eastern Tierra del Fuego.
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In the US, the Pembina Escarpment is a Level 4 ecoregion, as defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The ecoregion covers , and is part of the Level 3 Northern Glaciated Plains ecoregion. In Canada, the Pembina Escarpment is considered to be an Ecodistrict within the Southwest Manitoba Uplands Ecoregion, and the Southwest Manitoba Uplands Ecoregion is part of the Prairies Ecozone. A Canadian Ecodistrict is equivalent to a US Level 4 Ecoregion and a Canadian Ecoregion is equivalent to a US Level 3 Ecoregion.
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Yurac Huayruro (possibly from Quechua yuraq white, wayruru a type of tree, Aymara wayruru red and black seeds of a plant (Abrus precatorius, Ormosia coccinea or Ormosia minor); also meaning something very beautiful, (see: Pepa) "white wayruru") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District, northeast of the large glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain"). Yurac Huayruro lies northwest of Tarucani and Jachatira and northeast of Cunorana.
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The volcano is currently not glaciated despite its height, due to the aridity of the climate. The Quebrada de Chaigüire valley originates at the foot of Aucanquilcha. The Rio Loa river drains the western and northwestern sides of the volcano; the eastern side drains into the Salar de Ollagüe salt pan, the northeastern into the Salar de Laguani, and the southeastern into the Salar de Carcote. Most valleys only intermittently transport water, if at all, but it forms the headwaters of the Rio Loa.
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As land became exposed following the glaciation of the last ice age, a variety of geographic settings ranging from the tropics to the Arctic and Antarctic became available for the establishment of vegetation. Species that now exist on formerly glaciated terrain must have undergone a change in distribution of hundreds to thousands of kilometers, or have evolved from other taxa that have once done so in the past.Bennett, K.D., 1988, Post-glacial vegetation history: ecological considerations, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Handbook of Vegetation science, vol.7, pp.
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The Spectrum Range, formerly called the Spectrum Mountains and the Rainbow Mountains, is a subrange of the Tahltan Highland in the Stikine Country of northwestern British Columbia, 20 km west of the Stewart-Cassiar Highway, south of Mount Edziza and north of the Arctic Lake Plateau. The Spectrum Range falls within Mount Edziza Provincial Park. The range is lightly glaciated, as compared to the other ranges to the west. It is accessible only by foot or via helicopter; there are no roads to the range.
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The Jefferson Park Glacier on the mountain's northwest face At , Mount Jefferson is the second tallest mountain in Oregon. It is a stratovolcano with slopes mantled by five glaciers - Whitewater, Waldo, Milk Creek, Russell, and Jefferson Park. Three Fingered Jack is a heavily eroded and deeply glaciated shield volcano and consists mainly of basaltic andesite lava. At , it is made up of the solidified lava plug flanked by ridges of the old volcano's subsidiary lava dikes and lies at the southern end of the Mount Jefferson Wilderness.
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New South Wales State Heritage boundaries Willandra's archaeological record demonstrates continuous human occupation of the area for at least 40,000 years. It was part of the history of inland exploration (Burke and Wills expedition) and of the development of the pastoral industry in western New South Wales. The area contains a relict lake system whose sediments, geomorphology and soils contain an outstanding record of low-altitude, non-glaciated Pleistocene landscape. The area contains outstanding examples of lunettes including Chibnalwood Lunette, the largest clay lunette in the world.
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View to the south from the main summit: the road to Sisimiut Airport, Kangerluarsunnguaq Bay, Sisimiut, Nasaasaaq, Amerloq Fjord, Maniitsorsuaq Island, Uummannaarsuk, Ikertooq Fjord, Itilleq, and Paornaqussuit Qavat, the glaciated mountain range bounding Kangerlussuaq Fjord from the northwest. Palasip Qaqqaa has two distinct summits: the western () and the main, eastern summit, culminating in two peaks at . The summits are separated by a depression of a very wide saddle. The massif is separated from the remainder of the ridge via several indistinctive saddles in the east.
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The Pali-Aike area was glaciated during the middle Pleistocene, and glaciers eroded contemporary lava flows. In part on the basis of the dates of these lava flows, it was established that the older and larger glaciation (Bella Vista Glaciation) occurred between 1.17and 1.02million years ago. The last glaciation (Cabo Vírgenes, Río Ciaike and Telken VI-I) was less extensive but reached the Atlantic Ocean at times. This glaciation ended before 760,000years ago; there is no evidence of last glacial maximum/Llanquihue glaciation glaciers in the area.
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Map of Hocking River Athens The Hocking River (formerly the Hockhocking River) is a right tributary of the Ohio River in southeastern Ohio in the United States. The Hocking flows mostly on the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau, but its headwaters are in a glaciated region. It rises in Bloom Township in Fairfield County and flows generally southeastwardly through Fairfield, Hocking, and Athens counties, through the Hocking Hills region and past the cities of Lancaster, Logan, Nelsonville, Athens and Coolville. It joins the Ohio River at Hockingport.
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The Venediger Group is the most glaciated mountain range in the High Tauern. The renown of the main summit in the group, the Großvenediger, rather overshadows the other regions and mountains, though the group has a great number of peaks, mountain paths and Alpine huts. The origin of its name is unclear. According to a legend, when local shepherds saw the giant mass of the Venediger glacier for the first time they thought they were looking at the glistening surface of the sea with a town (“Venice”).
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Graham Bell Island, the easternmost island of Franz Josef Land, is immediately to the northeast of Wilczek Land across the Morgan Strait and is one of the larger islands in the archipelago, with an area of . Partially glaciated, its highest point is near the southern centre. Cape Kohlsaat, the easternmost point of the archipelago at 81°14′N, 65°10′E, lies on Graham Bell Island's eastern shore. Cape Kohlsaat marks the northwesternmost corner of the Kara Sea, therefore it is a significant geographical landmark.
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1–2 where the zone of discontinuous permafrost reaches northern Heilongjiang. However, because the winds from Siberia are exceedingly dry, snow falls only on a few days every winter, and it is never heavy. This explains why corresponding latitudes of North America were fully glaciated during glacial periods of the Quaternary while Manchuria, though even colder, always remained too dry to form glaciersEarth History 2001 (page 15) – a state of affairs enhanced by stronger westerly winds from the surface of the ice sheet in Europe.
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Mount Castner is a elevation glaciated summit located west of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska, on land managed by Chugach National Forest. It is situated at the head of Ranney Glacier and Dartmouth Glacier. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the mountain rises from tidewater at Unakwik Inlet and College Fjord of Prince William Sound in approximately three miles. The mountain's name was applied in 1910 by Lawrence Martin, and officially adopted by the United States Geological Survey.
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Peat, concentrated in areas like the Souris River in McHenry County is used in gardens, but not widely produced, and the state has up to 100,000 tons of reserves. Fine sand is common, suitable for foundries as well as mortar and plaster. Both sand and gravel are most common in the formerly glaciated parts of the state northeast of the Missouri River where beach deposits formed after the ice sheets melted. Shale is common in the western Red River Valley and appears frequently in glacial till.
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This area is entirely within Tuolumne County, California and is approximately east of San Francisco, California and south of Lake Tahoe. The Emigrant Wilderness is a glaciated landscape of scenic beauty. The northeastern third of the Wilderness is dominated by volcanic ridges and peaks; the remaining areas consist of many sparsely vegetated, granitic ridges interspersed with numerous lakes and meadows. To see that contrast, compare the red volcanic rock in the image of Emigrant Meadow (below Right) with the granite in the other images.
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Much of the New England province's bedrock aquifers are in consolidated rocks of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic origin. Some of these aquifers, mainly in the western portion of Vermont, consist of carbonate rocks (primarily limestone, dolomite, and marble). These consolidated rocks yield water primarily from bedding planes, fractures, joints, and faults, rather than from intergranular pores. Like the adjacent physiographic provinces, a large part of the New England province was peneplained during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, then uplifted, extensively dissected, and finally glaciated.
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This exposure includes a narrow coal sequence, which was once worked commercially. During the Pleistocene Ice Age, a small ice-cap existed on Ben Lomond, which was the only plateau in the north-east to be glaciated. The effects of these glaciers account for much of the contrast between the alpine scenery of Ben Lomond and that of the other mountains in the north-east. The most notable relict periglacial depositional features are the blockfields, which cover over a quarter of the Ben Lomond plateau.
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Mount Elbert is part of the Sawatch Range, an uplift of the Laramide Orogeny which separated from the Mosquito Range to the east around 28 million years ago. The tops of this range were heavily glaciated, leaving behind characteristic summit features and other such clues. For example, the base of Elbert on the eastern side exhibits large igneous and metamorphic rocks deposited when the glaciers receded, which lie on a lateral moraine. Further up the eastern side there is a large cirque with a small tarn.
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Quick clay regains strength rapidly when salt is added, which allows clay particles to form complexes with one another. Quick clay is found only in northern countries, such as Russia, Canada, Norway, Sweden, and Finland, and in Alaska, United States since they were glaciated during the Pleistocene epoch. In Canada, the clay is associated primarily with the Pleistocene-era Champlain Sea, in the modern Ottawa Valley, the St. Lawrence Valley, and the Saguenay River regions. Quick clay has been the underlying cause of many deadly landslides.
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During the Last Glacial Maximum valley glaciers merged and descended from the Andes occupying lacustrine and marine basins where they spread out forming large piedmont glacier lobes. Glaciers extended about 7 km west of the modern Llanquihue Lake but not more than 2 to 3 km south of it. Nahuel Huapi Lake in Argentina was also glaciated by the same time. Over most Chiloé glacier advance peaked in 26,000 yrs BP forming a long north–south moraine system along the eastern coast of Chiloé Island.
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Related to the proposed ancient age for the canyon is the hypothesis that the canyon was glaciated during the Late Paleozoic, roughly 300 million years ago.Soreghan, G.S., Soreghan, M.J., Poulsen, C.J., Young, R.A., Eble, C.F., Sweet, D.E., and Davogustto, O.C., 2008, Anomalous cold in the Pangaean tropics: Geology, v. 36, p. 659-662. The hypotheses of a Paleozoic age and glacial origin for the canyon, remain debated,Hood, W.C., 2009, An exhumed Late Paleozoic canyon in the Rocky Mountains-- A Discussion: Journal of Geology, v.
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It consists of mostly monogenetic scoria cones, each of which produced three or four lava flows. There are at least 22 cones, and all volcanic landforms older than 12,000 years have been glaciated, the oldest the Soda Peaks basalt lava flows, dated to 0.36 million years old. The West Crater-Soda Peaks zone covers an area of , to the southeast of Mount St. Helens. A monogenetic volcanic field, it consists of 13 basaltic to andesitic volcanic edifices that vary from 360,000 years old to 2,000 years old.
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A submergent landform: the drowned river valley (ria) of Georges River in the greater Sydney area, Australia Submergent coastlines are stretches along the coast that have been inundated by the sea by a relative rise in sea levels from either isostacy or eustacy. Submergent coastline are the opposite of emergent coastlines, which have experienced a relative fall in sea levels. Features of a submergent coastline are drowned river valleys or rias and drowned glaciated valleys or fjords. Estuaries are often the drowned mouths of rivers.
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In some instances, such as the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, up to 1 km of incision has been shown to have occurred over the last 5 million years (Lavé 2001). "River erosion is one of the primary agents of landscape evolution. Outside of glaciated regions, rivers are responsible for sculpting uplifted terrain into arborescent valley networks and creating the relief that drives gravitational transport processes such as landsliding" (Tucker, et al. 2002). Rivers and streams that cross tectonic boundaries are subject to immense geomorphic change.
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The northern end of the range was glaciated during Pleistocene time, forming u-shaped valleys in the canyons. The high ridge of the range forms a relatively difficult barrier between South Park and the Arkansas headwaters. Several of the high peaks of the range are prominently visible from the southern side of Fremont Pass along State Highway 91 between Climax and Leadville. The range is not traversed by any major highway, but only in two places by backroads over high passes: Mosquito Pass and Weston Pass.
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Parks Highway The Talkeetna Mountains (Dghelaay tahwt’aene in Ahtna) () are a mountain range in Alaska. The Matanuska and Susitna River valleys, with towns such as Trapper Creek, Talkeetna, Wasilla, Palmer, Sutton, and Chickaloon, roughly bound the Talkeetnas in the westerly parts of the range. Sovereign Mountain rises to in the remote and heavily glaciated central part of the range. The east side of the range fronts a broad, about wide, lake- studded lowland of forests and swamps, across which rises the gigantic Mount Wrangell () volcanic edifice.
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This massive eruptive period was approximately coincident with the Permian–Triassic extinction event. The volcanic event is said to be the largest known volcanic eruption in Earth's history. Only the extreme northwest was glaciated during the Quaternary, but almost all is under exceptionally deep permafrost, and the only tree that can thrive, despite the warm summers, is the deciduous Siberian Larch (Larix sibirica) with its very shallow roots. Outside the extreme northwest, the taiga is dominant, covering a significant fraction of the entirety of Siberia.
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Mount White-Fraser is a glaciated mountain located in the Boundary Ranges of British Columbia, Canada. It is situated north-northwest of Stewart, and northwest of Mount Bayard. Precipitation runoff from the peak and meltwater from the surrounding Salmon Glacier drains into the Salmon River. The mountain was named by the International Boundary Survey for one of its own members, George White-Fraser (1872-1920), who also served with the Canadian Infantry in France during World War I. The mountain's name was officially adopted March 31, 1924.
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Uderns in the Ziller Valley The Ziller Valley () is a valley in Tyrol, Austria that is drained by the Ziller river. It is the widest valley south of the Inn Valley () and lends its name to the Zillertal Alps, the strongly glaciated section of the Alps in which it lies. The Tux Alps lie to its west, while the lower grass peaks of the Kitzbühel Alps are found to the east. The Ziller Valley is one of the valley areas in Tyrol most visited by tourists.
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Yarrow Reservoir was begun in 1867 and designed by Thomas Duncan, the Liverpool Borough Engineer. The Rivington watershed comprises 10,000 acres (40 km²) of land and the average flow rate through the filter beds at Horwich is 8.96 million litres/day (2.24 million gallons/day). To the east of the area can be found the separate chains of Belmont, Delph, Turton and Entwistle, Wayoh and Jumbles reservoirs. Situated in the northeast is Haslingden Grane, a glaciated valley with three reservoirs, Calf Hey, Ogden and Holden Wood.
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Of the twelve major fiords on Fiordland's west coast, Milford Sound is the most famous. The fiords of New Zealand are all located in the southwest of the South Island, in a mountainous area known as Fiordland. A fiord is a narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep slopes, which results from marine inundation of a glaciated valley. The spelling fiord is used in New Zealand rather than fjord, although all the maritime fiords instead use the word sound in their name.
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One cause for forebulge formation is loading of the continental lithosphere by ice sheets during continental glaciations. Because of the removal of the ice sheets, the formerly-glaciated areas are currently rising in a phenomenon known as post-glacial rebound. Because of the coupling of the mantle with the plates, data from post-glacial rebound are used as a direct probe of the viscosity of the upper mantle. As the ice melts and the land under it rises by isostatic recovery, the forebulge also subsides.
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Haslingden Grane is the glaciated upper portion of the valley of the River Ogden, which lies west of Haslingden and is in the north east section of the West Pennine Moors. To the north is Oswaldtwistle Moor, and to the south Musbury Heights. It was once the home of Grane village, and is easily accessible via the B6232/A6077 Grane Road which links to the M65 motorway and the A56. Grane valley is dominated by its three reservoirs, Holden Wood, Calf Hey and Ogden.
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The Ruwenzori, also spelled Rwenzori and Rwenjura, are a range of mountains in eastern equatorial Africa, located on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The highest peak of the Ruwenzori reaches , and the range's upper regions are permanently snow-capped and glaciated. Rivers fed by mountain streams form one of the sources of the Nile. Because of this, European explorers linked the Ruwenzori with the legendary Mountains of the Moon, claimed by the Greek scholar Ptolemy as the source of the Nile.
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Nugget Mountain is a glaciated mountain summit located in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated near the southern periphery of the Juneau Icefield, northwest of Split Thumb, east of Bullard Mountain, and northeast of Juneau. Nugget Mountain rises above the northeast end of Heintzleman Ridge, and east-southeast of Nugget Towers. Nugget Mountain is set south of the head of the Nugget Glacier, and west of Norris Glacier, on land managed by Tongass National Forest.
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But as the glacier continues its forward progress it subjects the stone to frost shattering, ripping pieces away from the rock formation. Studies show that the plucking of the lee side is a much more significant erosional process than the abrasion of the stoss side. The side profile of a stoss and lee glaciated, bedrock knob (an erosional feature) is opposite to that of a drumlin (a depositional feature). In a drumlin, the steep side is facing the approaching glacier, rather than trailing it.
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Peripheral glacial refugia still exists within the mountain system but contrary to nunataks, which exist on the peaks, this type of refugia is located along the borders of mountain systems. Evidence for this type of mountain refugia can be found along the borders of the Carpathian Mountains, Pyrenees or European Alps, all of which were formally glaciated mountain systems. For example, using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique, researchers have been able to infer the survival of Phyteuma globulariifolium in peripheral refugia in the European Alps.
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Abundant plant and marine fossils from Paleogene marine sediments that outcrop on Seymour Island indicate the presence of cool and moist, high-latitudes environment during the early Eocene. Detailed studies of the paleontology, sedimentology, and stratigraphy of glacial and nonglacial deposits within the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent parts of the Weddell Sea and its Pacific continental shelf have found that it has become progressively glaciated as the climate of Antarctica dramatically and progressively cooled during the last 37 million years. This progressive cooling was contemporaneous with a reduction in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. During this climatic cooling, the Antarctic Peninsula was probably the last region of Antarctica to have been fully glaciated. Within the Antarctic Peninsula, mountain glaciation was initiated during the latest Eocene, about 37–34 . The transition from temperate, alpine glaciation to a dynamic ice sheet occurred about 12.8 . At this time, the Antarctic Peninsula formed as the bedrock islands underlying it were overridden and joined together by an ice sheet in the early Pliocene about 5.3–3.6 . During the Quaternary period, the size of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has fluctuated in response to glacial–interglacial cycles.
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The Küchlspitze (which means "little Kuchenspitze") is the third highest peak in the range after the Hoher Riffler and 1 metre higher Kuchenspitze immediately to the north. It is a striking, three-sided pyramid. On the main ridge the eastern arête descends to the Rautejöchli () and Rautekopf (), the southwestern arête to the Schönpleisjöchli () and twin peaks of the Schönpleisköpfe (northern , southern ), and the northern arête runs in an S-shape to the Kuchenspitze. The mountain is glaciated; in the north cirque (Nordkar) of the Kuchenspitze lies the Großer Küchlferner glacier.
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SFGate In Canada, North American river otters occupy all provinces and territories, except for Prince Edward Island. Historical records indicate North American river otters were once populous throughout most major drainages in the continental United States and Canada prior to European settlement. North America's largest North American river otter populations were found in areas with an abundance and diversity of aquatic habitats, such as coastal marshes, the Great Lakes region, and glaciated areas of New England. In addition, riverine habitats in interior regions supported smaller, but practical, otter populations.
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The explorers are believed to have seen the Glacier Bay ice at its peak, which coincided with their visits.Catton, Ch.1 Russians were chiefly concerned with the area until the 1880s, when Americans were drawn to Alaska and the Klondike by the Klondike Gold Rush of the 1890s. John Muir visited Glacier Bay in 1879, just prior to the 1880 establishment of Yosemite National Park, Muir's first great cause. Muir came to Alaska to learn about glaciers as a means of understanding the formation of the glaciated landscape of the Yosemite Valley.
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The upper part of Villarrica is permanently covered by snow and has some 40 km2 of glaciers, the largest of which is the Pichillancahue-Turbio Glacier situated on its southeastern flank. Ash from the eruptions can increase the ablation of snow and ice by absorption of solar radiation. Some ash coverings are thicker than 5 cm and insulate the glacier, decreasing ablation instead of enhancing it. Between 1961 and 2003, Villarrica lost 25% of its glaciated surface and the glaciers shrank at an average rate of -0.4 km2 each year.
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In the past during the Late Quaternary, the mountain was more extensively glaciated, with about nine glaciers surrounding it including a subsidiary summit to the south. Former glaciers did reach lengths of and their tongues descended to elevations of on the northern, eastern and southern flanks; they have left well developed glacial striae, glacial valleys and various types of moraines. The lowest moraines are found on the eastern flank, with the northern flanks having the highest moraines and the southern flank moraines reaching intermediate elevations. Some ancient tills have been overrun by porphyries.
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Slanting Peak is a glaciated mountain summit located in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in the southern portion of the Juneau Icefield, northeast of Juneau, and northeast of Guardian Mountain, which is its nearest neighbor. Slanting Peak is surrounded by the North Branch Norris Glacier to its west, and Taku Glacier on the east, and set on land managed by Tongass National Forest. This peak's descriptive name was published in 1960 by the U.S. Geological Survey.
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National Park Service, 1978-08. It lies in the floodplain of a small stream, Sugar Creek, which flows about below the site, approximately to the northeast; the soil is largely clay, but due to the presence of the stream, much of the immediate vicinity is typically marshland. The surrounding countryside is the heavily glaciated prairies typical of much of Illinois, although before settlement the region straddled the boundary between the open plains to the west and the woodlands to the east. A gravel road traverses the fields a short distance west of the site.
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The Lake District National Park is formed from a core of lower Palaeozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks, underpinned by a granitic batholith. This sequence was intensely faulted and folded during the Caledonian orogeny and is surrounded by a relatively unaffected Carboniferous succession of limestones and sandstones with Triassic sandstones along the southwest coastal strip. It was heavily glaciated during the succession of Quaternary glaciations giving rise to many features in its landscape such as glacial cirques and tarns, aretes and finger lakes for which it is well-known.
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At the next sub-level, it is part of the Northwestern Glaciated Plains Ecoregion, the predominant ecoregion throughout the Milk River watershed. With its diverse landscape of grasslands, shrubs, badlands, wetlands, and riparian woodlands, the Milk River Natural Area supports a large number of rare, threatened, and endangered species in a relatively small amount of space. Overall, 80% of Alberta's species at risk are concentrated in the Milk River Watershed area as a whole. Fire is a significant ecological process, with the last large wildfire having occurred in August 2007.
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The argument for a serial strike would be greatly strengthened if the ages of the other 38th parallel structures could be constrained to the same period as the Weaubleau structure. The Weaubleau structure is one of the fifty largest known impact craters on earth and the fourth largest in the United States. The three larger ones in the US either have been glaciated and buried (Manson crater), are under water (Chesapeake Bay crater), or have been subjected to orogeny (Beaverhead crater). Therefore, the Weaubleau structure is the largest exposed untectonized impact crater in the US.
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The range has the highest summits in the Eastern Alps and is the most glaciated. In the transition zone between the East und West Alps its peaks clearly dominate the region to the west (Piz d'Err, Piz Roseg). On the perimeter, however, there are also less high, often less rugged mountain chains, like the Gurktal Alps and the eastern foothills. The Eastern Alps is separated from the Western Alps by a line from Lake Constance to Lake Como along the Alpine Rhine valley and via the Splügen Pass.
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However, later studies involving the surface exposure dating of glacial erratics, nunataks, and other formerly glaciated exposures using cosmogenic dating contradicted the above arguments and assumptions.Carlson, A.E., and P.U. Clark (2012) Ice sheet sources of sea level rise and freshwater discharge during the last deglaciation. Reviews of Geophysics. 50(4):1944-9208. These studies tentatively concluded that the actual amount of thinning of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet is too small and likely too gradual and too late to have contributed any significant amount of meltwater to meltwater pulse 1B.
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Tunnel Mill: the story of an historical grist mill and an historic Boy Scout camp by Gary D. Purlee (2005), pg 9 It is navigable for from the Ohio River. It is a State Heritage Program Site and a popular canoe trail.NRC: Home Downstream from the bridge of Tunnel Mill Road The creek was formed when glaciated water flowed through the unglaciated stream valley that is now the creek. It is lined by limestone cliffs, and the region is noted for its karst sinkholes, hidden waterfalls, and small caves.
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Many areas of periglaciation have relatively low precipitation—otherwise, they would be glaciated—and low evapotranspiration. which makes their average river discharge rates low. However, rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean adjacent to northern Canada and Siberia are prone to erosion resulting from earlier thawing of snow pack in the upper, more southerly reaches of their drainage basins, which leads to flooding downstream, owing to obstructing river ice in the still-frozen, downstream parts of the rivers. When these ice dams melt or break open, the release of impounded water causes erosion.
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Large glaciers advanced through the valleys of the Gave d'Ossau, Gave de Pau, Garonne, and Ariège on the French northern side. Today about 20 smaller true glaciers as well as cirques and glacier remnants subsist (examples are the Aneto glacier, the Ossoue glacier in the Vignemale massif and glaciers on Maladeta and Monte Perdido). All these glaciers have undergone a large retreat since 1850 due to global warming. The total glaciated surface area amounted to 45 km2 in 1870, whereas in 2005 a mere 5 km2 were left.
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Hahn graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1984. In 2014, he was inducted into The State University of New York at Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame. In 1999, Hahn, who specializes in guiding high, glaciated mountains, led the team that discovered the remains of celebrated English climber George Mallory at on Mount Everest's North Face. Mallory died on the mountain in 1924, along with fellow climber Andrew Irvine, but it has never been determined whether or not he first reached the top.
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Location of Brabant Island in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Stribog Mountains (, ‘Planina Stribog’ \pla-ni-'na 'stri-bog\\) is the principal mountain system of Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica rising to 2520 m (Mount Parry). The feature is 40 km long in north-south direction and 15 km wide, connected to Stavertsi Ridge on the northeast by Viamata Saddle, to Avroleva Heights on the east by Doriones Saddle, and to Solvay Mountains on the south by Aluzore Gap. It is heavily glaciated, with steeper and partly ice-free west slopes.
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Pata Anjasi (possibly from Quechua pata elevated place; above, at the top; edge; bank (of a river), shore, anqasi cobalt salt used for dyeing,Diccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005 (Quechua-Spanish dictionary)) is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Pata Anjasi is situated east of the large glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain") and the peaks of Jatun Quenamari, and southeast of Cuncunani.
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Huascarán National Park protects the Cordillera Blanca, which is the world's highest tropical mountain range. Located in the central Peruvian Andes, the park's 340,000 hectares cover an elevational range from around 2,500 m to the several snow-capped peaks above 6,000 m. Among those peaks are Huascarán (Peru's highest at 6,768 m), Huandoy, Copa, Huantsán and many others. Other geographical features inside the park include: U-shaped valleys, 660 tropical glaciers (the largest glaciated area in the tropics), 300 glacial lakes and high plateaus intersected by ravines with torrential creeks.
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The highest point of the island, , is the summit of Kupol Lunny (Купол Лунный) "Dome of the Moon", a large ice dome covering most of the western part of the island. At the western end of the western glaciated area lies the Nordenskiöld Glacier; other glaciers in the island are the Worcester Glacier (HMS Worcester Glacier) and the Payer Glacier. The northern part of the island is unglacierized and its eastern end forms a peninsula stretching southwards, the Polyarnykh Letchikov Peninsula. This peninsula is covered by Kupol Kropotkina (Купол Кропоткина), a smaller ice dome.
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By using the same type of data for the Pleistocene glacial record, the project tries to generate data comparable in between ancient and recent glaciations. The studied area is the North Sea that was glaciated during the Last Glacial Maximum as well as the Northwestern Europe. On the sea floor, around the North Sea and into the kilometre of sediments below, many traces and evidences of the glacial events are recorded. As this place is a petroleum province, many data, especially geophysics ones are currently released or could be borrowed for academic purposes.
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In the early Cenozoic, changes in regional structural geology led to widespread erosion and fission track analysis of apatite indicates that in the Beaufort-Mackenzie area, rocks cooled from temperatures around 110 degrees Celsius after one mile of rock eroded above them in the early Eocene. The Northwest Territories was heavily glaciated during the Pleistocene. In the Mackenzie Mountains, moraine glacial till overlies older Paleogene gravel, paleosols and different till shed off of mountains. In the vicinity of the Mackenzie River delta and Sitidgi Lake till and sediments formed into the unglaciated Eskioma Lakes area.
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The mountains of the East-Zagros, the Kuh-i-Jupar (), Kuh-i- Lalezar () and Kuh-i-Hezar () do not currently have glaciers. Only at Zard Kuh and Dena some glaciers still survive. However, before the Last Glacial Period they had been glaciated to a depth in excess of , and during the Last Glacial Period to a depth in excess of . Evidence exists of a wide glacier fed along a long valley dropping approximately along its length on the north side of Kuh- i-Jupar with a thickness of .
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Mississippi River from Frontenac State Park, Minnesota (USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service) Corresponding to the southeast geological region of Minnesota, the colloquial "Driftless Area" (though the whole region was glaciated) begins at about Fort Snelling. Starting as a narrow sliver against the Mississippi, it widens to the west as one goes south. The western boundary is the Bemis-Altamont moraine."Rochester Plateau Subsection", Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Retrieved July 23, 2007 Another more easily located reference to the western boundary is the approximate line of Minnesota State Highway 56.
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It was part of the history of inland exploration (Burke and Wills expedition) and of the development of the pastoral industry in western New South Wales. The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales. The area contains a relict lake system whose sediments, geomorphology and soils contain an outstanding record of low-altitude, non-glaciated Pleistocene landscape. The area contains outstanding examples of lunettes including Chibnalwood Lunette, the largest clay lunette in the world.
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The Jungfrau-Aletsch protected area (officially Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch) is located in south-western Switzerland between the cantons of Berne and Valais. It is a mountainous region in the easternmost side of the Bernese Alps, containing the northern wall of Jungfrau and Eiger, and the largest glaciated area in western Eurasia, comprising the Aletsch Glacier. The Jungfrau-Aletsch protected area is the first World Natural Heritage site in the Alps; it was inscribed in 2001.Approval of site extension and management plan for Jungfrau-Aletsch-Bietschhorn World Natural Heritage, DETEC .
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Mount Einstein is an elevation glaciated summit located northwest of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. This remote mountain, sixth-highest in the Chugach range, is situated at the head of Yale Glacier on land managed by Chugach National Forest.Chugach Mountains, Peakbagger.com The mountain was named in 1955 by members of the Chugach Mountains Expedition, and officially adopted by the United States Geological Survey to honor physicist Dr. Albert Einstein (1879–1955), one of the greatest scientists of all time, known for his Theory of relativity.
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The Volcano, also known as Lava Fork volcano, is a small cinder cone in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is located approximately northwest of the small community of Stewart near the head of Lava Fork. With a summit elevation of and a topographic prominence of , it rises above the surrounding rugged landscape on a remote mountain ridge that represents the northern flank of a glaciated U-shaped valley. Lava Fork volcano is associated with a small group of related volcanoes called the Iskut-Unuk River Cones.
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These volcanoes are unlike others throughout the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt in that they are mainly composed of volcanic rocks with mafic compositions, including alkaline basalt and hawaiite. The different magma compositions might be related to a smaller degree of partial melting in the Earth's mantle or a descending plate edge effect. The oldest volcano in the group, known as Sham Hill, is a high volcanic plug with a potassium-argon date of one million years. It is about wide and its uncovered glaciated surface is strewn with glacial erratics.
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These rocks were deposited during the rifting of Pangea during the Triassic and Jurassic Periods. Much of the northern segment of this region was glaciated and the resultant shaping help to form New York and Newark harbors. A small portion of the Pennsylvania Piedmont Highlands called the Trenton Prong extends into New Jersey through Trenton and are mostly Ediacaran and Cambrian aged rocks, that includes the Wissahickon Formation. The Manhattan schist exists in New Jersey, largely below New York harbor and in the vicinity of Bayonne and Jersey City.
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Location of Felipe Solo (Obligado) Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula. Felipe Solo (Obligado) Peninsula is the heavily glaciated 13.5 km wide peninsula projecting 19.8 km in northwest direction from Danco Coast on the west side of Graham Land, Antarctica. It is bounded by Barilari Bay to the southwest and Bigo Bay to the northeast, ending in Cape Garcia to the northwest, and separated from Biscoe Islands to the northwest by Grandidier Channel. The peninsula is named both by Argentina and Chile, in the latter case after the Chilean hydrographer Felipe Solo de Zaldívar.
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Adams Glacier cascades down the northwest face of Mount Adams in a series of icefalls. The small, 15.8 acre lake is popular for fishing, camping, and photography, while offering outstanding views of Mount Adams and its sheer, glaciated northwest face as well as Adams Glacier, the second largest glacier in the contiguous United States. Adjacent Olallie Lake Campground is administered by the Cowlitz Ranger District of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest. The small, but semi-popular five site campground features a boat ramp allowing non-motorized boating and canoeing.
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The Inman River was named through association with Inspector Henry Inman, founder and first commander of the South Australia Police, who pursued two allegedly escaped convicts there in August 1838. Two indigenous names are recorded for the river: Moo-oola and Moogoora. The mouth was called Mugurank, meaning 'place of hammerstones'. Selwyn Rock, named after Alfred Richard Cecil Selwyn who first discovered it in 1859, is a glaciated pavement in the bed of the river near the settlement of Inman Valley which clearly shows evidence of Glacial striation.
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The mountains of Bhutan define its three main geographic zones: the Great Himalaya, the Lower Himalayan Range (or Inner Himalaya), and the Sub-Himalayan Range. The snowcapped Great Himalaya in the north ranges from about to peaks of over above sea level, extending along the Bhutan-China border. The northern region consists of an arc of glaciated mountain peaks with an arctic climate at the highest elevations. Watered by snow-fed rivers, alpine valleys in this region provide pasturage for livestock tended by a sparse population of migratory shepherds.
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Jungfrau-Aletsch area seen from space The Jungfrau-Aletsch area is located in the eastern Bernese Alps in the most glaciated region of the Alps. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch) in 2001 and further expanded in 2007. Its name comes from the Aletsch Glacier and the two summits of the Jungfrau and Bietschhorn, which constitute some of the most impressive features of the site. The actual site (after the extension) includes other large glacier valleys such as the Fiescher Glacier and the Aar Glaciers.
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Orton Scar, Cumbria, England Limestone pavements can be found in many previously-glaciated limestone environments around the world. Notable examples are found in the Yorkshire Dales and Cumbria in Northern England, such as those above Malham Cove, on the side of Ingleborough, and above Grange-over- Sands. They are also found in the Stora Alvaret in Öland, Sweden; in the Burren, County Clare, Ireland, the Great Northern Peninsula on Newfoundland, and in the Désert de Platé,Geology - Refuge de Platé Retrieved on 2010-08-09 in the French Alps.
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Mount Muir is a prominent glaciated mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in Chugach National Forest, in the U.S. state of Alaska. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the southern aspect of the mountain rises from the sea-level Harriman Fiord of Prince William Sound. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1910 by the United States Geological Survey, probably after conservationist John Muir (1838-1914) who visited the Alaska area four times, including as a member of the 1899 Harriman Alaska expedition that explored this immediate area.
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In the Atacama Desert high mountains (>5000) have remained ice-free through the whole Quaternary period. Similarly the dry areas east of the Andes in Patagonia were not glaciated but developed periglacial features like ice wedges, patterned ground, pingos, rock glaciers, palsas, soil cryoturbation, solifluction deposits during the Llanquihue glaciation. The coast of Chile north of 42° S and most of the Chilean Coast Range remained glacier-free and parts of it also free from periglaciation though the glaciation. Yet, small glaciers existed in the highest part of the Chilean Coast Range.
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Mont Blanc de Cheilon (also spelled Mont Blanc de Seilon) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located in the Swiss canton of Valais. The mountain lies between the valleys of Bagnes and Arolla. Culminating at 3,870 metres above sea level, it is one of the highest summits between the Grand Combin to the west and the Dent Blanche to the east. The massif is glaciated, with the Cheilon Glacier to the north, the Giétro Glacier to the west, the Brenay Glacier to the south and the Tsijiore Nouve Glacier to the east.
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The ranges of the Baffin Mountains are separated by deep fjords and glaciated valleys with many spectacular glacial and ice-capped mountains. The snowfall in the Baffin Mountains is light, much less than in places like the Saint Elias Mountains in southeastern Alaska and southwestern Yukon which are plastered with snow. The largest ice cap in the Baffin Mountains is the Penny Ice Cap, which has an area of . During the mid-1990s, Canadian researchers studied the glacier's patterns of freezing and thawing over centuries by drilling ice core samples.
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The Whitemantle Range is a subrange of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia. Located between the heads of Bute Inlet on the east and Knight Inlet on the west, it is extremely rugged and glaciated. Its highest summit is Whitemantle Mountain 2985 m (9793 ft). The range is approximately 3400 km2 (1310 sq mi) in area and just south of the much higher and even more rugged Waddington Range, which is the highest part of the Pacific Ranges and also of the Coast Mountains.
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Princess Peak is a glaciated mountain summit located in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. Emperor Peak is situated in the Taku Range of the Juneau Icefield, north of Juneau, and south of Emperor Peak, on land managed by Tongass National Forest. The Taku Range is a north–south trending ridge on the edge of the Taku Glacier. This mountain was named in 1964 by members of the Juneau Icefield Research Project, and officially adopted in 1965 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.
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Emperor Peak is a glaciated mountain summit located in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. Emperor Peak is situated in the Taku Range of the Juneau Icefield, north of Juneau, and south-southwest of Taku Towers, on land managed by Tongass National Forest. The Taku Range is a north–south trending ridge on the edge of the Taku Glacier. This mountain was named in 1964 by members of the Juneau Icefield Research Project, and officially adopted in 1965 by the U.S. Geological Survey.
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Monte Sarmiento is a pyramidal peak with a glaciated saddle-shaped summit located within Alberto de Agostini National Park, in the Chilean portion of Tierra del Fuego. It rises abruptly from the east shore of the Magdalena Channel and marks the western border of the Cordillera Darwin. The mountain is frequently shrouded in clouds, but when it is visible is "the most sublime spectacle in Tierra del Fuego" according to the words of Charles Darwin, one of the many people who have been captivated by the beauty of this mountain.
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Later, but not precisely dated, eruptions from the Lassen volcanic area have formed over 30 smaller steep-sided, mound-shaped accumulations of volcanic rock, called lava domes. Crescent Crater, which at first glance appears as a parasite on Lassen's northeast flank, has been more heavily glaciated and thus is older. Other dacite domes which rose on Tehama's flanks are Bumpass Mountain, Helen Ridge, Eagle Peak, Vulcan's Castle and Reading Peak. An upper limit of 10,000 years has been set for the domes next to Lost Creek (north domes).
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Permafrost typically forms in any climate where the mean annual air temperature is lower than the freezing point of water. Exceptions are found in humid boreal forests, such as in Northern Scandinavia and the North-Eastern part of European Russia west of the Urals, where snow acts as an insulating blanket. Glaciated areas may also be exceptions. Since all glaciers are warmed at their base by geothermal heat, temperate glaciers, which are near the pressure-melting point throughout, may have liquid water at the interface with the ground and are therefore free of underlying permafrost.
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'Life in a postglacial landscape: Settlement- subsistence change during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Southern New England' in Geological Archaeology in Glaciated Landscapes in the Northeast. Cleemens, J. L. and Hart, J. P. (eds). Albany, NY: University of the State of New York. pp. 75-90. The colonial seal of Massachusetts Bay from 1676, depicts a Massachusett man with a bow and arrow. The bow and arrow first appeared in New England around 700 AD. The start of the Archaic Period ushered in a very volatile time as the climate rapidly warmed.
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Mount Mummery is a 3,331-meter (10,928-foot) glaciated double summit mountain located in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. It is the highest point in the Mummery Group, and fourth-highest in the Freshfield Icefield Ranges. The mountain is situated north of Golden on the southern edge of the Freshfield Icefield, in the Blaeberry Valley, less than from the Continental Divide. The mountain was named in 1898 by J. Norman Collie after Albert F. Mummery (1855-1895), a famous British mountaineer who perished attempting to climb Nanga Parbat in the Himalayas.
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The Des Moines River () is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the upper Midwestern United States that is approximately long from its farther headwaters.U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high- resolution flowline data. The National Map , accessed May 26, 2011 The largest river flowing across the state of Iowa, it rises in southern Minnesota and flows across Iowa from northwest to southeast, passing from the glaciated plains into the unglaciated hills near the capital city of Des Moines, named after the river, in the center of the state.
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Their varied morphologic segmentation is responsible for the area's original and highly valuable aesthetic character. From a botanical standpoint the Dunajec River Gorge serves as an example of area-specific vegetation dating back to the glacial age, even though the Pieniny Mountains were not glaciated. From a geographical standpoint it exists apart from the West Carpathians flora (Carpaticum occidentale) with their endemics and subendemics. From a zoological standpoint the valleys cut in Mesozoic rocks have an extraordinary importance for preservation of many species and fauna of the Carpathians.
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While the mountains of the United Kingdom are not very tall, they contain much formerly glaciated terrain with steep cliffs, talus slopes, high peaks and cirque basins, and generally experience a sub-Arctic climate at relatively low altitudes. Snow and high winds, sometimes in excess of , are possible any month of the year. Rescue operations in these conditions require personnel with specialised mountaineering training and equipment. The Royal Air Force mountain rescue teams are credited with some of the earliest development of mountain rescue techniques and teams in the United Kingdom and overseas.
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Mount Bayard is a glaciated mountain located in the Boundary Ranges on the international boundary line of Alaska and British Columbia. It is situated north-northwest of Stewart, southeast of Mount White-Fraser, and east of Mount Lindeborg, which is its nearest higher peak. Precipitation runoff from the peak and meltwater from the Boundary and Salmon Glaciers that surround the peak drains into the Salmon River. Mount Lindeborg was the name adopted for this feature in 1921, however by 1924 it was renamed Mount Bayard in lieu of Lindeborg.
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Similar structures elsewhere in Wisconsin would have been bulldozed away by glaciers, but these bluffs lie in the Driftless Area; that part of the American Midwest which was never glaciated. The bluffs are all outliers of the Franconia Cuesta to the south. During the last ice age a tongue of ice dammed the Wisconsin River, causing the water to back up into Glacial Lake Wisconsin. It is estimated that the lake was about deep in this area, so the taller bluffs became islands while the shorter ones would have been entirely underwater.
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Lawrence County's North Beaver Township. I-376 begins at a cloverleaf interchange with I-80 and Pennsylvania Route 760 located four miles east of Ohio within the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau. From there, it travels in a southerly direction on the Beaver Valley Expressway, a four-lane freeway with a wide grass median. Paralleling PA 18, I-376 has its first interchange with that state highway in West Middlesex. I-376 soon meets US 422 and forms an overlap with that highway along the west side of New Castle.
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View from Winnyhill showing the shape & contour of The Valley. Newmilns lies at the foot of a glaciated valleyVarious, Historical Aspects of Newmilns, Chapter: Natural History of Newmilns and district (Fred R. Woodward B.Sc. FLS.), 1990 and is mostly surrounded by farmland and woodland. Of particular interest is the Lanfine Estate, which lies to the south of the town. The estate, although much older, came into the possession of the Brown family in 1769 and expanded from an initial to over by the end of the following century.
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Politically, Quelccaya is part of the Cuzco Department. The Andes in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia are subdivided into several separate mountain ranges, many of which are glaciated above elevation. Peru contains about 70% of all tropical glaciers, and Quelccaya together with ice bodies in New Guinea and the Rwenzori Mountains in Africa is one of the few tropical ice caps in the world, or even the only one; during glacial times there were more ice caps which may have resembled Quelccaya. In 1968, the existence of two smaller ice caps south of Quelccaya was reported.
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The Flandrian is traditionally seen as the latest warm interglacial in a series that has been occurring throughout the Quaternary geological period. The first part of the Flandrian, known as the Younger Atlantic, was a period of fairly rapid sea level rise,Tooley, M. J. (1979) Sea-level Changes: North-West England During the Flandrian Stage Clarendon Press, Oxford, England, known as the Flandrian transgression. It is associated with the melting of the Fenno-Scandian, Scottish, Laurentide and Cordilleran glaciers. Fjords were formed during the Flandrian transgression when U-shaped glaciated valleys were inundated.
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Pilot Peak is an elevation glaciated summit located northwest of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. Set on land managed by Chugach National Forest, this remote peak is situated east of Mount Einstein, and southwest of Tazlina Tower. The mountain was so named in 1955 by Lawrence E. Nielsen "because it is a very distinctive landmark that helped guide us back to camp in our explorations during 1955."Dictionary of Alaska Place Names, Donald J. Orth author, United States Government Printing Office (1967), page 756.
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Rainer Island has a roughly round shape, with a diameter of . Its area is and practically all of it is glaciated. Its highest point is and it is the summit of the Kupol Vostok Vtoroy (Купол Восток Второй) ice dome that covers the central part of the island. This island was named by the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition after nobleman Rainer Joseph Johann Michael Franz Hieronymus, Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, also known as the Archduke Rainer of Austria, one of the aristocrats who helped to finance the private venture.
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East Peak is a glaciated mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated east of Valdez, northeast of Mount Francis, and immediately north of Hogback Ridge. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the western aspect of the mountain rises up from tidewater of Prince William Sound in approximately six miles. The mountain received its descriptive name in 1898 from Captain William R. Abercrombie, who led an 1898 expedition seeking a route from coastal Alaska to the Klondike.
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Mount Moulton is formed by a complex of glaciated but largely uneroded shield volcanoes with ice-filled calderas, each of which is about wide. The calderas are apart. Additionally the Prahl Crags – remnants of the former caldera rim – are found south, Gawne Nunatak west, Edwards Spur northeast and the Moulton Icefalls on the northern side of the mountain. The total volume of the complex is about , comparable to that of Mount Shasta in the Cascade Range, and is one of the largest volcanoes in the Flood Range and Ames Range.
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Western Georgia features a fairly well-developed glacial system, with numerous glaciers occurring from the source of the Bzyb River in western Abkhazia to the Mamison Pass on the border with North Ossetia. The nation's largest glaciers lie in the Inguri River basin of this region. Eastern Georgia's glaciers generally occur in smaller, isolated groups. In addition, the mountain ranges that rise to the north of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range are more glaciated than the adjacent ranges that branch out from the southern slopes of the Caucasus.
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Crossing Black Bridge – turn left (roughly NNW) following the landrover road up Glen Lui and towards The Derry. This part of Glen Lui is a broad glaciated valley dotted with moraines – the remains of the ancient glacial past. Other remains – seen as grassy, roughly rectangular outlines – are those of the townships and farms. In Gordon (1925) the author laments: Fortunately for us – in Gordon (1925) and Gordon (1948) the author has done much to record local place-names, and knowledge of the Cairngorms, that would otherwise be lost.
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This suggests that the Itcha Range was glaciated repeatedly during the Pleistocene epoch. Glacial striae on polished surfaces of some of the oldest volcanic rocks in the eastern part of the shield and the local presence of drift deposits throughout the stratigraphy indicate that glaciation and volcanism were contemporaneous through much of the volcanic history of the Itcha Range. With a maximum elevation of , the Itcha Range is the lowest of the three Anahim shield volcanoes. Its highest point is Mount Downton, which is situated in the middle of the shield.
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The Dyfi is a glaciated catchment of predominantly hill land with thin, acidic soils developed on lower Palaeozoic sedimentary strata. Broadleaf woodlands, typically sessile oak or ash dominated, are a feature of the valley slopes and its many tributaries, although conifer plantations now dominate large areas. The bryophyte, lichen and fern communities of the shady, damp valley woods are particularly notable, with large numbers of Atlantic species. Several areas of upland moorland occur, comprising mixtures of acid grassland, blanket bog and dwarf shrub heath, often contiguous with larger upland areas and supporting important bird populations.
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The Aosta Valley region of Italy Cervinia lies at above sea level, at the foot of the Matterhorn (in Italian, Monte Cervino; in French, Mont Cervin, in patois valtournain, the local dialect, Gran Becca), in a valley surrounded by high, glaciated mountains and the sheer rock face of the Jumeaux. It shares a ski area with Zermatt in Switzerland, connected through the Plateau Rosa glacier (). Some of the runs are very long, the longest is Ventina (nr. 7), which stretches from the Testa Grigia (in French, Tête Grise) down to Cervinia in Italy.
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Central Park has two ice skating rinks: Wollman Rink in its southern portion and Lasker Rink in its northern portion. During summer, the former is the site of Victorian Gardens seasonal amusement park, and the latter converts to an outdoor swimming pool. Central Park's glaciated rock outcroppings attract climbers, especially boulderers, but the quality of the stone is poor, and the climbs present so little challenge that it has been called "one of America's most pathetic boulders". The two most renowned spots for boulderers are Rat Rock and Cat Rock.
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US 20/IL 84 bridge over the Galena River Galena is located at (42.418171, −90.431472) along the Galena River, which is one of many tributaries of the Mississippi River. According to the 2010 census, Galena has a total area of , of which (or 99.83%) is land and (or 0.17%) is water. Galena is located in the Driftless Zone, an area that was not covered by glaciers during the recent ice ages. This area, which includes the far northwestern corner of Illinois, escaped glaciation, while almost the entire state was glaciated, nearly to its southern tip.
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Lava flows from the two cinder cones lie on glaciated bedrock without an intervening paleosol, indicating an early Holocene age. Eruptions near Ray Lake built a cinder cone known as Dragon Cone and concluded with an approximately long aā lava flow that has been radiocarbon dated at about 7,600 years old. This lava flow, known as "Dragon's Tongue", is at least thick at the proximal end, but thins to at the distal end, damming the southern end of Clearwater Lake. Tree molds are maintained within the lava flow at the lower end.
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The river rises in the far north glaciated Hindu Kush mountains of Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Downstream as far as the town of Mastuj it is known as the "Mastuj River" from there to its confluence with the Lotkoh River just north of the important regional centre of Chitral. It is then called the "Chitral River", before flowing south into the upper Kunar Valley of Afghanistan. At the confluence in Asadabad, historically Chaga Sarai, it meets with Pech River and finally empties into the Kabul River just to the east of the city of Jalalabad in Afghanistan.
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Once covered with tallgrass prairie, over 75 percent of the Western Corn Belt Plains is now used for cropland agriculture and much of the remainder is in forage for livestock. A combination of nearly level to gently rolling glaciated till plains and hilly loess plains, average annual precipitation of 26–37 inches, which occurs mainly in the growing season, and fertile, warm, moist soils make this one of the most productive areas of corn and soybeans in the world. Major environmental concerns in the region include surface and groundwater contamination from fertilizer and pesticide applications as well as impacts from concentrated livestock production.
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Several glaciers and a pool of meltwater The earliest traces of human occupation at Glacier Bay date to about 10,000 years before the present, with archaeological sites just outside the park dating to that time. Evidence of human activity is scarce, because so much of the area is or was glaciated for much of the period and because advancing glaciers may have scoured all traces of historical occupation from their valleys. Ongoing uplift of the land may reveal new sites that had been submerged by rising sea levels. Most archaeological evidence is from the last 200 years.
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Snowpatch Crag is a elevation glaciated mountain summit located in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. Snowpatch Crag is a nunatak surrounded by the Taku Glacier, and is situated near the west side of the Juneau Icefield, north of Juneau, and northeast of The Snow Towers, on land managed by Tongass National Forest. The mountain was named by members of the Juneau Icefield Research Project in 1964, and was officially adopted in 1965 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.Dictionary of Alaska Place Names, Donald J. Orth author, United States Government Printing Office (1967), page 894.
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Aerial view of volcanic features of the Iskut-Unuk River volcanic center showing the Unuk River The Unuk River is a river in the U.S. state of Alaska and the Canadian province of British Columbia. It flows from the Coast Mountains southwest to Behm Canal, northeast of Ketchikan, Alaska. From its headwaters in a heavily glaciated area in British Columbia, south of the lower Iskut River, the Unuk flows west and south for , crossing into Alaska and emptying into Burroughs Bay, an inlet of Behm Canal. In Alaska the river flows through the Misty Fjords National Monument.
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Pomanota (possibly from Aymara puma cougar, puma, -n(i) a suffix, uta house, "house of the puma") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is situated in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, San Pablo District and in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District as well as in the Melgar Province, Nuñoa District.escale.minedu.gob.pe - UGEL maps of the Canchis Province and the Carabaya Province (Cusco Region) Pomanota lies southeast of the Joyllor Puñuna, the highest elevation in the glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain"), and northwest of the Jonorana.
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Juniperus communis on Lüneburg Heath in Germany Rhododendron tomentosum The Boreal Kingdom or Holarctic Kingdom (Holarctis) is a floristic kingdom identified by botanist Ronald Good (and later by Armen Takhtajan), which includes the temperate to Arctic portions of North America and Eurasia. Its flora is inherited from the ancient supercontinent of Laurasia. However, parts of the floristic kingdom (and most of its Circumboreal Region) were glaciated during the Pleistocene and as a consequence have a very young flora. Cenozoic relicts found refuge in the southern and mountainous parts of the kingdom, especially in the Eastern Asiatic Region and southern North American Atlantic Region.
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Temperatures were about 4–5 °C lower than today. Much of the Southern Alps and Fiordland were glaciated and much of the rest of New Zealand was covered in grass or shrubs, due to the cold and dry climate.New Zealand during the last glacial maximum from Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand These vast tracks of exposed land with little vegetation cover increased wind erosion and the deposition of loess (windblown dust). This deforestation led to a reduction in the forest cover and many canopy species were restricted to the northern areas of the country.
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Winds blowing off the elevated glaciated plateaus of Greenland and Antarctica experience the most extreme form of katabatic wind, of which the Santa Ana is a type, for the most part. The winds start at a high elevation and flow outward and downslope, attaining hurricane gusts in valleys, along the shore, and even out to sea. Like the Santa Ana, these winds also heat up by compression and lose humidity, but because they start out so extraordinarily cold and dry and blow over snow and ice all the way to the sea, the perceived similarity is negligible.
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More than half the park is best described as mountainous, from the eastern edge of the syncline to the crest of the main range. On their eastern side, an assortment of hanging valleys, truncated spurs, towering bluffs and cirques overlook deep glaciated valleys running north and south. The predominant ancient granite and gneiss rocks of the Paparoa mountains bear a closer geological resemblance to those in distant Fiordland than to the main range of the Southern Alps. This is because the Alpine Fault has separated them from their original neighbours over the last 10 million years.
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The tombolo connecting St Ninian's Isle with the Shetland Mainland Monte Argentario, Tuscany, Italy Chesil Beach, seen from the Isle of Portland The Angel Road of Shōdo Island, Japan Mount Maunganui, New Zealand, to the city of Tauranga The eastern end of Bennett Island with its glaciated tombolo in the background Satellite view of Gwadar, Pakistan Sutton which connects Howth Head and County Dublin The shoreline moves toward the island (or detached breakwater) due to accretion of sand in the lee of the island where wave energy and longshore drift are reduced and therefore deposition of sand occurs.
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A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread inland seas and the carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwanaland was glaciated throughout the period, though it is uncertain if the ice sheets were a holdover from the Devonian or not. These conditions apparently had little effect in the deep tropics, where lush swamps, later to become coal, flourished to within 30 degrees of the northernmost glaciers. Generalized geographic map of the United States in Middle Pennsylvanian time.
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The Bridge River Cones consist of small trachybasaltic and basaltic eruptive centers. Sham Hill (), a high steep-sided volcanic plug, is the oldest volcano in the field with a potassium-argon date of one million years. The plug is approximately wide and its bare glaciated surface, strewn with glacial erratics, consists of large subhorizontal columns formed within the central conduit of an eroded stratovolcano. The Salal Glacier volcanic complex (), with a potassium-argon date of 0.97 to 0.59 million years, contains subaerial tephra and thin scoriaceous flows in the upper part of the pile are surrounded by ice-ponded flows up to thick.
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The Pantheon Range is a subrange of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia. It is located between the edge of the Chilcotin Plateau at Tatla Lake on its northeast and the Klinaklini River on its west, with a southeastern boundary along Mosley Creek, a major tributary of the Homathko River. The range is 5550 km² (2150 sq mi) in area and extremely rugged, with many sharp, glaciated peaks. As is shown in the Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia map, the Pantheon Range is north of the Waddington and Niut Ranges, which corresponds with the official 1:50,000 maps.
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Humans have inhabited Quebec for 11,000 years beginning with the de-glaciated areas of the St. Lawrence River valley and expanding into parts of the Canadian Shield after glaciers retreated 5000 years ago. Quebec has almost universally acidic soils that destroy bone and many other traces of human activity, complicating archaeological research together with development in parts of southern Quebec. Archaeological research only began in earnest in the 1960s and large parts of the province remain poorly researched. Southern Quebec was influenced by Indian cultures, closely related to Ontario, New York, New England and Newfoundland, while northern Quebec has an Inuit influence.
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These landforms suggest that the mountain was formerly glaciated. Three sets of moraines have been described, one at elevation possibly linked to the last glacial maximum, an older one at elevation and a third at elevation which may have formed during the Little Ice Age; moraines reach thicknesses of . There is an additional set of moraines at elevation that has been correlated to pre-last glacial maximum glaciations, as well as traces of ice cored moraines and rock glaciers. Some rock glaciers still exist; unlike other glacial bodies in Chile the fronts of rock glaciers on Tacora are not retreating.
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Situated on the slopes of the Southern Altai mountains, the park is mountainous and glaciated, with altitudes often reaching over . The park is bordered on the north by the Altai Republic of Russia, on the southeast by China, on the west by the Farpusnaya River, and on the south by the northern slopes of the Sarymsakty and Tarbagatai ranges of the Southern Altai Mountains. 34% of the park is forested, the remainder being mountain meadows or rocky slopes and glaciers. The slopes are steep, with terrain formed by the glaciers: trough-shaped valleys, cirques, and moraines.
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The presence of older glacial deposits south of the Interstate Park demonstrates that the Laurentide Ice Sheet repeated glaciated it and surrounding areas over the Pleistocene Epoch. Within Wisconsin, these older glacial deposits consist of remnants of, highly weathered dark-gray loam till and lake sediment with reversed magnetic polarity and a deeply weathered, pre-Sangamonian Stage, reddish-brown, sandy loam till with normal magnetic polarity. Both the landforms and deposits related to these earlier glaciations have been either eroded or buried by the latest advance of the Laurentide Ice Sheet over this area of the Last Glacial Maximum.Johnson, M.D., 2000.
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East Nyenchen Tanglha, located in Nagqu Prefecture, Chamdo and Nyingchi Prefecture, marks the water divide between the Yarlung Tsangpo to the south and the Nak Chu river (which becomes the Nujiang and Salween in its lower reach) to the north. The rugged and heavily glaciated range counts more than 240 peaks over , culminating with Sepu Kangri (6,956 m) which has a 2,213 m topographic prominence and is away from a higher point. Large areas of the eastern sector are snow-covered. Two-thirds of the glaciers, accounting for five-sixths of the area, lie in the eastern section.
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Lake Wawasee is a spring fed lake with exposed springs flowing into Wawasee from south, west, and east sides. Lake Papakeechie, sitting a few feet higher in elevation, provides a vast amount of water from a spillway at Buttermilk Bay at Wawasee's south end. Wawasee's structure is typical of natural lakes in the formerly glaciated portions of the Midwest. It is supplied by a watershed of 23,618 acres (95.5 km²) which starts at Little Knapp Lake and Harper Lake in Noble County and flows down through 10 lakes by way of Turkey Creek into Lake Wawasee.
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Mount Grosvenor is a elevation glaciated summit located west of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska, on land managed by Chugach National Forest. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the mountain rises from tidewater at Unakwik Inlet of Prince William Sound in approximately three miles. The mountain's name was applied in 1910 by Lawrence Martin, and officially adopted by the United States Geological Survey. This peak's name honors Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (1875–1966), President of the National Geographic Society, father of photojournalism, and the first full- time editor of National Geographic magazine.
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Dacitic explosive eruptions have taken place within the last 50,000 years at Lassen Peak, Chaos Crags, and Sunflower Flat, and effusive eruptions of basalt have occurred at Tumble Buttes, Hat Mountain, and Prospect Peak. Pyroclastic flows and lahars could easily occur near glaciated areas and in river valleys like Hat Creek Valley. In addition to the volcanic hazards that could possibly occur, one volcano did erupt in the 20th century in LVNP: (Lassen Peak). Lassen's eruptions (1914–21, though most activity occurred between 1914–17) were very small compared to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.
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The second noteworthy event took place about 320,000 years ago with the split of the western Cassini group from its conspecifics to the east. The Decim and the Decula clades experienced similar western splits, but these are estimated to have taken place 270,000 and 230,000 years ago, respectively. The 13- and 17-year splits in Cassini and Decula took place after these events. The 17-year cicadas largely occupy formerly glaciated territory, and as a result their phylogeographic relationships reflect the effects of repeated contraction into glacial refugia (small islands of suitable habitat) and subsequent re-expansion during multiple interglacial periods.
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The South Ural Reserve terrain consists of several mountain ridges (Mashak, Zigalga, Nara Kumardak and Yamantau) running in parallel from southwest to northeast, with broad inter-mountain valleys and cross-river cuts that create a lattice structure. The area was not fully glaciated, but shows evidence of local glaciation (moraine deposits) on the mountain and plateaus. All of the rivers in the territory are classified as small rivers or streams; the longest is the Small Inzer River, which is 93 km long and runs entirely within the reserve boundaries. The streams have fast currents and rocky beds.
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Since the glacial isostatic adjustment process causes the land to move relative to the sea, ancient shorelines are found to lie above present day sea level in areas that were once glaciated. On the other hand, places in the peripheral bulge area which was uplifted during glaciation now begins to subside. Therefore, ancient beaches are found below present day sea level in the bulge area. The "relative sea level data", which consists of height and age measurements of the ancient beaches around the world, tells us that glacial isostatic adjustment proceeded at a higher rate near the end of deglaciation than today.
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Location of Pefaur (Ventimiglia) Peninsula on Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula. Pefaur (Ventimiglia) Peninsula is the heavily glaciated peninsula projecting 11 km in northwest direction from Danco Coast on the west side of Antarctic Peninsula. Bounded by Hughes Bay to the northeast and Charlotte Bay to the south, and separated from Brabant Island to the northwest by Gerlache Strait. The peninsula is named both by Argentina and Chile, in the latter case for Jaime E. Pefaur, biologist at the University of Chile who worked on board the naval vessel Yelcho during the 1967-68 Chilean Antarctic Expedition.
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Terrestrial annelids can be invasive in some situations. In the glaciated areas of North America, for example, almost all native earthworms are thought to have been killed by the glaciers and the worms currently found in those areas are all introduced from other areas, primarily from Europe, and, more recently, from Asia. Northern hardwood forests are especially negatively impacted by invasive worms through the loss of leaf duff, soil fertility, changes in soil chemistry and the loss of ecological diversity. Especially of concern is Amynthas agrestis and at least one state (Wisconsin) has listed it as a prohibited species.
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The distribution of Mysis relicta is restricted to previously glaciated regions in Northern Europe, including North-West Russia, Finland, Sweden, south-east of Norway, and parts of Germany, Poland, and Lithuania. Previously M. relicta was treated as a circumpolar taxon also present in North America and the Eurasian Arctic. A revision in 2005 divided these circumpolar freshwater Mysis populations into four distinct species. Apart from the North European M. relicta, these include Mysis diluviana in lakes of the United States and Canada, Mysis segerstralei in the circumpolar Arctic, and Mysis salemaai in some European lakes and the Baltic.
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The Ruby Mountains-East Humboldt, close to Elko, and the Snake Range, close to Utah, are the two most researched core complexes. At the time of the Pleistocene glaciations, Nevada experienced temperatures up to 15 degrees Fahrenheit lower, eight inches more of annual rainfall and lower evaporation. Although it was drier overall than many neighboring areas, glaciers did form in the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range. Small areas of eastern Nevada in the White Pine, Grant Ranges, Snake and Schell Creek mountains were also glaciated, along with the Toquima, Toiyabe and Monitor Ranges in the center of the state.
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Volcanic activity in the Santiam Pass and McKenzie Pass has included eruptions of basalt and basaltic andesite lava flows from cinder cones and shield volcanoes. Most of these events occurred within the past 7,650 years after the deposition of Mazama Ash, yielding lava flows with rugged surfaces, unlike the more ancient, glaciated lava deposits that preceded them. Ash from these eruptions is also present. Three regional pulses of eruptive activity took place: the first from 4,000 to 3,000 years ago, the second from 2,900 to 2,500 years ago, and the third from 2,000 to 1,300 years ago.
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Formed by the confluence of the Eldon and South Eldon rivers, the King River rises near Eldon Range on the slopes of the West Coast Range between Mount Huxley and Mount Jukes. The river flows generally south and then west, joined by nine tributaries including the Tofft, Governor, Nelson, Princess, and Queen rivers before emptying into Macquarie Harbour near , and merging with the Southern Ocean. The river descends over its course. The upper section of the river lies in a glaciated valley, with glacier scouring scars high up on the upper parts of the mountains of the West Coast Range.
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Mount Denison is a stratovolcano and one of the highest peaks on the Alaska Peninsula. Discovered in 1923 by Harvard professor Kirtley Fletcher Mather, the mountain was named for the geologist's alma mater, Denison University.Denisonians Plan Expedition to Mt. Denison, page 2 The mountain's connection to Denison also include its first climbers: all members of the first two ascent teams as well as the group that attempted in 1977 were either students, alumni, or faculty of the University. Mount Denison is located at the end of a volcanic chain in a heavily glaciated and very remote sectionGlobal Volcanism Program of Katmai National Park.
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Mount Watson is a 12,497-foot (3,809 meter) glaciated mountain summit located in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in southeast Alaska, United States. It ranks as the fifth-highest peak in the Fairweather Range. The peak is situated in Glacier Bay National Park, west of the Canada–United States border, and north of Mount Fairweather, which is the highest peak in the Fairweather Range. The mountain's name was officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1924 to commemorate David Thompson Watson (1844-1916), who was US Counsel to the 1903 Alaska Boundary Tribunal.
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Mount Turner, also known as Boundary Peak 162, is an 8,661+ foot (2,640+ meter) glaciated mountain summit located in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, on the Canada–United States border between southeast Alaska and British Columbia. The peak is situated on the shared boundary of Glacier Bay National Park with Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Park, west of Tarr Inlet, and southwest of Mount Forde, which is the nearest peak. Turner is the highest point on the divide which separates Ferris Glacier from Margerie Glacier. The mountain's name was officially adopted by the Geographical Names Board of Canada on March 31, 1924.
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Mount Bertha is a 10,204-foot (3,110 meter) glaciated mountain summit located in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in southeast Alaska, United States. The peak is situated in Glacier Bay National Park, east- northeast of Mount Crillon which is the nearest higher peak, and southeast of Mount Fairweather, which is the highest peak in the Fairweather Range. The mountain's name first appeared in 1910 when published by U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. The USGS claims it was named after S.S. Bertha, an Alaska Commercial Company steamer in service from 1888 until it wrecked at Uyak Bay on July 18, 1915.
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Using argon geochronology and paleoclimatic records, scientists have identified that the Sand Creek, Sun Creek, and Annie Creek canyons were carved by the advance of ice over lava flows, pushing debris towards Klamath Marsh and Klamath Graben or nearby rivers. A glacial cirque can be seen on Mount Scott's northwestern flank, and glacial till occurs on Mazama's slopes, especially on the western slopes and at lower elevations. Till and fluvial sediments occur in the caldera walls, forming particularly thick deposits under Roundtop and Wineglass. Many lava flows that were glaciated have since been covered by more recent lava flows.
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Shield volcanoes near Mazama feature lava flows made of agglutinated mafic andesite, which form sheets about thick, as well as more deposits from more viscous andesite and dacite magma that reach thicknesses up to . Many of these deposits (both dacitic and andesitic) contain undercooled, crystal-poor segments of andesite, including at Mount Scott and Phantom Cone. Lava and ice interactions are suggested by exposures of glassy breccia in Mazama's caldera, and lava flows cover glaciated lava deposits. About 70,000 years ago, several silicic (rich in silicon dioxide), explosive eruptions occurred, including a significant event at Pumice Castle on the eastern wall of Mazama.
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A prominent ridge, the Stüdlgrat, named after the Prague Alpinist Johann Stüdl (1839–1925), runs from the Grossglockner away to the southwest. Together with its extension, the Luisengrat, it separates the West Face and the Teischnitzkees glacier at its foot from the South Face and its Ködnitzkees glacier. A couloir known as the Pillwaxrinne crosses the South Face below the Obere Glocknerscharte; most of the South Face lies east of this gully below the Kleinglockner. The east side of the Kleinglockner, the Glocknerleitl, is glaciated to just below the summit and is continued by the Kleinglocknerkees and Hofmannskees before reaching the Pasterze.
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The Bale Mountains were formed prior to the formation of the Great Rift Valley, from lava outpourings which covered all underlying rock formations between 38 and 7 million years ago. The rocks of the volcanic outpourings are predominantly trachytes, but also include rhyolites, basalts, and associated agglomerates and tuffs. The main Bale highlands consist of the vast lava Sanetti Plateau, with at least six volcanic cones, each more than 4,200 meters high and considerably flattened by repeated glaciations. There have been at least two glacial periods in the history of the mountains and they were glaciated as little as 2,000 years ago.
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Nimishillen Creek is a tributary of Sandy Creek, 24.5 miles (39.4 km) long, in northeastern Ohio in the United States. Via Sandy Creek and the Tuscarawas, Muskingum and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 187 square miles (484 km²), including the city of Canton. Nimishillen Creek flows on both glaciated (in the north) and unglaciated (in the south) portions of the Allegheny Plateau, in Stark and Tuscarawas Counties. It is formed in Canton by the confluence of the East Branch Nimishillen Creek and the Middle Branch Nimishillen Creek.
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The Clinton Formation, a band of red hematite across the county, led to a thriving iron industry during the 19th century. Furnaces were located in the Towns of Ontario and Wolcott. Wayne County is included in the Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Lowlands ecoregion, which extends along the south shores of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River to Lake Champlain, and south down the Hudson River. This region was glaciated during the last ice age, and contains prominent glacial features including till and drumlins, as well as the valleys containing the Finger Lakes.
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The Keeskogel, a mountain with a height of , lies in the Venediger Group of the High Tauern in Austria. The summit is located about 4 km as the crow flies northwest of the Großvenediger (). The waymarked, glacier-free normal route from the Kürsinger Hut (), is a relatively straightforward climb in dry and snow-free condition and takes about 1½ to 2 hours to reach the summit (sure- footedness required). Especially impressive in good weather is the view from the summit of the north side of the Großvenediger and the main chain of the Tauern and the glaciated landscape of the Obersulzbachkees and Untersulzbachkees.
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The location of Norway Kingdom of Norway An enlargeable map of continental Norway The following outline provides an overview of, and topical guide to, the Kingdom of Norway. Norway is a sovereign constitutional monarchy, located principally in the western part of Scandinavia in Northern Europe. The country has land borders with Sweden, Finland, and Russia, while the United Kingdom and the Faroe Islands lie to its west across the North Sea and Denmark to its south across the Skagerrak strait. The country's long and glaciated Atlantic coastline is deeply indented by fjords, rising precipitously to high plateaux.
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By using scientific dating methods, or examination of marine fossils found on the platform, it is possible to work out when the platform was formed, thus giving geographers and geologists information about sea levels at known times in the past. This has been used in the United Kingdom and other previously glaciated areas to calculate the rate at which land is rising now that it is no longer covered in ice. Where the coastline itself is changing due to seismic action, there may be a series of platforms showing earlier sea levels and indicating the amount of uplift caused by various earthquakes.
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Piz Palü is a mountain in the Bernina Range of the Alps, located between Switzerland and Italy. It is a large glaciated massif composed of three main summits, on a ridge running from west to east. The main (and central) summit is 3,900 metres high and is located within the Swiss canton of Graubünden, although the border with the Italian region of Lombardy runs about 100 metres west of it at almost the same height (3,898 m). The western summit (3,823 m; on the international border) is named Piz Spinas and is the only one not covered by ice.
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Historically, it formed a land bridge that was up to wide at its greatest extent and which covered an area as large as British Columbia and Alberta together, totaling approximately . Today, the only land that is visible from the central part of the Bering land bridge are the Diomede Islands, the Pribilof Islands of St. Paul and St. George, St. Lawrence Island, and King Island. The term Beringia was coined by the Swedish botanist Eric Hultén in 1937. During the ice ages, Beringia, like most of Siberia and all of North and Northeast China, was not glaciated because snowfall was very light.
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Quaternary Research Association, London, 9-24. Although icesheets have repeatedly covered the Monadh Liath, they have done little to change its character: there are no corries away from the Munros fringe, and only a few short glaciated troughs, notably Glen Killin on the north. It has just become recognised that thin ice on the plateau is frozen to the ground, but as it starts to flow into the troughs it thickens, accelerates, and warms up so it can erode and enlarge them. This has occurred as recently as the very last (Younger Dryas) glacial period ~12000 years ago.
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The Important Bird Area (IBA) lies 50 km to the east of Brabant Island, with Cierva Point forming both the northwest extremity of Sladun Peninsula and the south side of the entrance to Cierva Cove. The IBA is defined by the same boundary as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA 134) which includes Cierva Point, Midas Island, Sterneck Island, Moss Islands and other offshore islands as well as the intervening sea and intertidal zone. At Cierva Point the south-facing slopes are glaciated, whilst the north- and west-facing slopes are ice-free. The land rises to over 500 m at the coastal cliffs.
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It is considered proven that the Black Forest was heavily glaciated during the peak periods of at least the Riss and Würm glaciations (up to about 10,000 years ago). This glacial geomorphology characterizes almost all of the High Black Forest as well as the main ridge of the Northern Black Forest. Apart from that, it is only discernible from a large number of cirques mainly facing northeast. Especially in this direction snow accumulated on the shaded and leeward slopes of the summit plateau to form short cirque glaciers that made the sides of these funnel-shaped depressions.
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Mount Dagelet is a glaciated mountain summit located in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in southeast Alaska, United States. The peak is situated in Glacier Bay National Park, south of Mount Crillon, and northwest of Mount La Perouse, which is the nearest highest peak. Topographic relief is significant as the mountain rises up from tidewater in less than nine miles. The mountain was named in 1874 by William Healey Dall of the U.S. Geological Survey, for Joseph Lepaute Dagelet (1751-1788), a French astronomer and mathematician who accompanied Lapérouse when he explored this coastal area in 1786.
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Mount Williams is a glaciated mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated northeast of Cordova, and northwest of Mount O'Neel, on land managed by Chugach National Forest. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant as it rises over 5,000 feet (1,500 m) in less than one mile from the immense Childs Glacier. The peak was named in 1910 by Lawrence Martin for Alfred Williams, assistant engineer for the Copper River and Northwestern Railway, which built a $1,500,000 steel bridge across the Copper River near this mountain in 1909-1910.
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Comparison between the mountain's glacier, 1950 and 2011 respectively. During the Merida glaciation in the Pleistocene epoch, the glaciated area had a maximum extent of 600 km2 and covered mountains with a height of at least 3,000 m. At the end of the glaciation, the area covered by the glaciers progressively shrank, and before the start of the Little Ice Age they had possibly all disappeared. It is estimated that in 1910 the area covered by glaciers was around 10 km2, divided in two large areas, one embracing Picos Bolívar, Espejo and Concha and the other embracing Picos Humboldt and Bonpland.
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Because of its distinctive nature, pebble- to boulder- size fragments of jasper conglomerate can be recognized as glacial erratics in Pleistocene glacial tills and drift within large parts of the glaciated Midwestern United States. Fragments of jasper conglomerate were eroded by continental ice sheets from Northern Ontario and spread across all of Michigan and as far south as Ohio and Kentucky during repeated glacial advances and retreats. For example, pebble to boulder-size fragments of jasper conglomerate are quite common on Drummond Island, Michigan where it is called Drummond Island puddingstone.Slawson, C.B. (1933) The Jasper Conglomerate, an Index of Drift Dispersion.
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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.8%) is water. Fairfield County sits just on the edge of Ohio's Appalachian region. While the once-glaciated northern portion of the county is fairly flat, as one travels south along U.S. 33 one can easily recognize the foothills of a mountainous region beginning around the village of Carroll. Although not officially part of the state or federal definition of Appalachia, certain areas of Fairfield County—particularly south of U.S. 22—bear a distinctly Appalachian feel in both physical geography and demographics.
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I. orjenii in the wild Iris orjenii is exclusively confined to Orjen, the highest mountain of the coastal Dinaric Alps, towering over the Bay of Kotor in southwestern Montenegro. Heavy glaciated during the Pleistocene period, glaciokarstic morphology dominates the higher portions of the mountain. Outstanding for intense precipitation averaging 5000 mm/a (maxima >8000 mm/a), Mount Orjen has by far the highest amount of rainfall in the Mediterranean and also one of the highest in Europe. The taxon shows a significant syntaxonomic affinity to open altimediterranean pastures within the Seslerion robustae alliance and open Mediterranean mountainous coniferous Pine woodland – Pinion heldreichii alliances.
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Bowron Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park located in northern British Columbia, Canada, roughly east of the city of Quesnel. Other nearby towns include Wells and the historic destination of Barkerville. Once a popular hunting and fishing destination, today the park is protected and known for its abundant wildlife, rugged glaciated mountains, and numerous freshwater lakes. The park's standout attraction is the recreational paddling circuit through the Cariboo Mountains, which connects a majority of the park's lakes via waterways and short portages, and has been named by Outside magazine as one of the top 10 canoe trips in the world.
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Sonam Wangchuk's Maha Vir Chakra citation reads: > Mahavir Chakra (MVC) Awardee: Lt Col Sonam Wangchuk, MVC > Gazette Notification: 17 Pres/2000,15.8.99 Operation: Vijay - Kargil Date > of Award: 1999 > > Citation: > On 30 May 1999, Major Sonam Wangchuk was leading a column of The Indus > Wing, Ladakh Scouts as a part of ongoing operations in Op VIJAY in the > Batalik Sector. The column was tasked to occupy Ridge Line on the Line of > Control in a glaciated area at a height of about 5,500 metres. This was > essential so as to pre-empt its occupation by the enemy and any subsequent > infiltration.
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Oxisols and orthents are the dominant groups, though a few more fertile soils have been found, such as the extensive andisols mentioned earlier from Jurassic Siberia. Evidence for widespread deeply weathered soils in the Paleocene can be seen in abundant oxisols and ultisols in now-heavily glaciated Scotland and Antarctica. Mollisols, the major agricultural soils of the present, are unique in their geological youth, being known from the Eocene but common only from the Miocene, as grasslands evolved. The most abundant paleopedological record is that of the Quaternary with few soils different from types widely found today.
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Mount Edison is an elevation glaciated summit located northwest of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. Set on land managed by Chugach National Forest, this remote peak is situated northwest of Mount Einstein, near the head Columbia Glacier. It is part of the Dora Keen Range, which is a 25-miles-long divide separating Harvard Glacier from Yale Glacier. The mountain was named by members of the Chugach Mountains Expedition in 1955, and later officially adopted by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names to honor Thomas Edison (1847–1931), who has been described as America's greatest inventor.
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The area is geologically unique and ecologically diverse. It is bisected by the divide separating waters flowing into the Yukon River and eventually the Bering Sea from those flowing into the Mackenzie River and eventually the Beaufort Sea. The divide is part of an igneous belt of granitic and syenitic rock, known as the Cretaceous Tombstone Suite, that stretches from Fairbanks, Alaska, to the Ross River. Multiple glaciations intruded into the region from the east, separating it from areas to the north and west, known as Beringia, that were not glaciated, and creating a pocket of rugged terrain.
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The Breithorn (German for literally "broad horn"; 13,661 ft. or 4,164 m) is a mountain range of the Pennine Alps with its highest peak of the same name (but also called Breithorn (Western Summit)), located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It lies on the main chain of the Alps, approximately halfway between the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa and east of the Theodul Pass. Most of the massif is glaciated and includes several subsidiary peaks, all located east of the main summit: the Central Breithorn, the western Breithorn Twin (or Eastern Breithorn), the Gendarm (or eastern Breithorn Twin) and the Roccia Nera.
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The Andes stretch northwards along the western coast of South America from Tierra del Fuego to Venezuela forming the longest mountain chain in the world. More regionally, the volcano is in the , a mountain range which lies at an average of from the Pacific coastline, and contains nearly one hundred glaciers. Coropuna is in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, which contains 44 stratovolcanoesincluding many of the world's highestand several glaciated volcanoes. Besides Coropuna, some of the latter are Sara Sara, Solimana, Mismi, Ampato, Hualca Hualca, Sabancaya, Chachani, Misti, Ubinas, Huaynaputina, Tutupaca, Yucamane and Casiri.
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The higher elevations of Coropuna consist of an ice cap and glaciated terrain but old lava flows with gentle slopes and blocky lava crop out from underneath the ice. Regions of hydrothermally altered rocks, lava flows, pyroclastic flows and areas covered by volcanic ash occur all around the mountain. Glacial activity has eroded these volcanic rocks, carving valleys into them or removing them altogether. This process created U-shaped valleys such as Buenavista, Cospanja and Tuilaqui on the southern flank, and glacial valleys such as Chaque, Mapa Mayo, Río Blanco, Torcom and Ullulo on the northern slopes.
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The Tavan Bogd Mountains and glaciers According to satellite measurements, the total area of the glaciation in the Tavan Bogd massif area amounted to 204 km2 in 2009. The glaciates area was 213 km2 in 1989; in other words, the glaciers lost 4.2% of their area over the 20 years. Out of the countries that share the massif, the largest glaciated area is in Mongolia; it includes the Potanin Glacier (Mongolia's longest) and the Alexandra Glacier. According to a 2011 estimate, the northern (Russian) slope of the Tavan Bogd massif contains 12 glaciers, which cover the total of 22.8 km2.
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The Ansel Adams wilderness spans in elevation from , forming the northern end of the High Sierra. The centerpiece of the Ansel Adams wilderness is the Ritter Range, which includes dark metavolcanic glaciated mountains such as Mount Ritter, Banner Peak, and The Minarets. Immediately to the east of the Ritter Range is the Middle Fork of the San Joaquin River, which contains Devils Postpile, a series of basaltic columns that were revealed and smoothed by glacier action. The Middle Fork originates from Thousand Island Lake, at the foot of Banner Peak, one of the largest backcountry lakes in the Sierra.
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The North Central Hardwood Forests are a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion (no. 51 in the EPA Level III ecoregions of the United States) in central Minnesota, central Wisconsin, and northwestern Lower Michigan, embedded between (clockwise) the Western Corn Belt Plains in the south, the Northern Glaciated Plains, the Red River Valley, the Northern Minnesota Wetlands, and the Northern Lakes and Forests (ecoregion 50, approx. identical with WWF's Western Great Lakes forests). It forms the northern part of the upper Midwest forest-savanna transition, which also includes regions 52 (Driftless Area) and 53 (Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains).
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The Clark Fork-Pend Oreille system, whose watershed is almost entirely within the United States, is considered part of the "Canadian portion" because the Pend Oreille meets the Columbia just north of the border. there are 447 species of terrestrial vertebrates. Most of the Kootenay basin lies within the Columbia Glaciated ecoregion which encompasses much of northeastern Washington, northern Idaho, northwestern Montana and southern British Columbia. Fish fauna in the region are largely shared with those of the Columbia Unglaciated ecoregion to the south, which has about fifty species of fish and only one endemic species.
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On clear days it dominates the southeastern horizon in most of the Seattle-Tacoma metropolitan area to such an extent that locals sometimes refer to it simply as "the Mountain". On days of exceptional clarity, it can also be seen from as far away as Corvallis, Oregon (at Marys Peak), and Victoria, British Columbia. With 26 major glaciers and of permanent snowfields and glaciers, Mount Rainier is the most heavily glaciated peak in the lower 48 states. The summit is topped by two volcanic craters, each more than in diameter, with the larger east crater overlapping the west crater.
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Two morainic complexes have been recognized in the Cordillera de Mérida: one between 2,600 and 2,800 m altitude, and another one between 2,900 and 3,500 m. These two levels have been considered as Early and Late Stades, respectively, of the Mérida Glaciation. The moraines of the Late Stade are topographically well represented, and several superposed moraines, or morainic complexes, are found. The glaciated area in Cordillera de Mérida during the Last Glacial Maximum was approximately 600 km2 In the Sierra de Perija, the existence of moraines has been mentioned at altitudes between 2,700 and 3,100 m.
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Map of ancient sites on the Beara Peninsula The peninsula was glaciated during the quaternary period; evidence from this era survives in the form of striae around Hungry hill, and erratics on the western road into Glengarriff. The first signs of human activity date to c 3000 BC, and consist of traces of Early Bronze Age settlements. The landscape is rich in megalithic monuments and other prehistoric archeological sites, including over 70 standing stones, 22 stone rows, 38 dolmens, as well as wedge tombs, stone circles. Later the area became a Viking settlement, as evident in place names such as Longhart.
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The parish of Tux covers the higher and largest part of the Tuxertal, a side valley of the Zillertal that branches off at Mayrhofen. The territory of the parish extends to the glaciated peak of Olperer (3,476 m) and the 2,338 m high saddle of the Tuxer Joch, a crossing between the Zillertal and Wipptal valleys that was heavily used even in the protohistoric period. Other prominent peaks within the municipality are the 3,288 m high Gefrorene Wand Spitze and the 3,231 m high Hoher Riffler. The highest farmsteads lie at a height of 1,630 m.
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The Duvanny Yar section exposes the yedoma ice complex or suite and is studied by many scientists as it represents a key strategic cross-section of Late Quaternary East Siberian stratigraphyvia Wiley and "an important key section for the palaeo-environmental history of the Late Pleistocene Beringia Land, the non-glaciated landmass between the Taymyr Peninsula and Alaska." Near Duvanny Yar is the Pleistocene Park, (), a nature reserve on the Kolyma River south of Chersky where an attempt is being made to recreate the northern subarctic steppe grassland ecosystem that flourished in the area during the Last Glacial Period.
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Thus, if the speed of flow is doubled, the flow would dislodge objects with 64 times as much submerged weight. In mountainous torrential zones this can be seen as erosion channels through hard rocks and the creation of sands and gravels from the destruction of larger rocks. A river valley that was created from a U-shaped glaciated valley, can often easily be identified by the V-shaped channel that it has carved. In the middle reaches where a river flows over flatter land, meanders may form through erosion of the river banks and deposition on the inside of bends.
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In the process, Shackleton accompanied by Frank Worsley and Tom Crean trekked the island's glaciated and rugged terrain between King Haakon Bay and the Stromness whaling station.Carol Fowl. Unplanned epics – Bligh's and Shackleton's small-boat voyages, website of the National Maritime Museum, first published in the magazine Sailing Today, Issue 75, July 2003. Another Antarctic explorer with a special place in South Georgia's history was Duncan Carse. His comprehensive 1951–57 South Georgia Survey resulted in the classical 1:200000 topographic map of South Georgia, occasionally updated but never superseded since its first publication by the British Directorate of Overseas Surveys in 1958.
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The main reason for this Ice Age Monument is that Blue Rapids was founded in a place with abundant natural resources brought or created by the glaciers of the Ice Age over 10,000 years ago. The namesake rapids on the Blue River that were harnessed to power early industries, the sand and gravel deposits used for construction and roads, and the rich soils for agriculture are all here because of the Ice Age glaciers. The Monument honors this ancient geological heritage. Glacial erratic that was deposited in the glaciated region of Kansas during the Pleistocene era.
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Mount Miller is the high point of the east-west trending Barkley Ridge, located on the south side of the Bagley Icefield, one of the largest icefields in North America. The Bering Glacier flows from the Bagley Icefield at the western end of the ridge, while the southeast slopes of the ridge head the Yahtse Glacier. The only side of the ridge that is not completely glaciated is the south side, where the Robinson Mountains lie between Barkley Ridge and the Gulf of Alaska. Since Mount Miller is so isolated, and is not of extraordinary absolute elevation by Alaskan standards, it was not climbed until very recently.
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Cliff-like slopes, down which ice and glaciated debris combine and converge, form the three or more higher sides. The floor of the cirque ends up bowl-shaped, as it is the complex convergence zone of combining ice flows from multiple directions and their accompanying rock burdens. Hence, it experiences somewhat greater erosion forces and is most often overdeepened below the level of the cirque's low-side outlet (stage) and its down-slope (backstage) valley. If the cirque is subject to seasonal melting, the floor of the cirque most often forms a tarn (small lake) behind a dam, which marks the downstream limit of the glacial overdeepening.
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Over her career, Lucy Braun wrote four books and 180 articles published in over twenty journals. Her most remembered and lasting scholarly achievement was Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America (1950). Francis Fosberg said of her book "one can only say that it is a definitive work, and that it has reached a level of excellence seldom or never before attained in American ecology or vegetation science, at least in any work of comparable importance." The book was the culmination of her researches into vascular plant floristics and the composition of various deciduous forest plant communities, which had begun with her investigations of glaciated and unglaciated regions of southern Ohio.
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In its description, UNESCO mentions: "(It) may be the most biologically diverse temperate region on earth" and "An exceptional range of topographical features - from gorges to karst to glaciated peaks -- is associated with the site being at a 'collision point' of tectonic plates". Due to its topography and geographical location, the Three Parallel Rivers region contains many climate types. Average annual precipitation ranges from 4,600 mm in the Dulongjian area in the west of Gongshan county to 300 mm in the upper valleys of the Yangtze river. The protected areas are home to around 6,000 species of plants, 173 species of mammals, and 417 species of birds.
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Old Red Sandstone is the dominant rock within the Brecon Beacons National Park, forming peaks such as Pen y Fan, Sugar Loaf and the Carmarthen Fans but to the south of these Devonian rocks, a narrow band of Carboniferous Limestone stretches east-west through the park. It gives rise to characteristically karstic landscapes and hosts Britain's deepest (Ogof Ffynnon Ddu at 274.5m) and several of its longest caves such as Ogof Draenen and Ogof Agen Allwedd. The Brecon Beacons were glaciated during the last ice age and cirque lakes such as those at Llyn Cwm Llwch and Llyn y Fan Fach are amongst the most popular destinations for visitors.
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The Endicott Mountains are separated from the Schwatka Mountains by Walker Lake, the upper reaches of the West Fork of the Kobuk River (Kaluluktok Creek), Akabluak Pass, and the Noatak River. The Endicott Mountains are separated from the mountains north of the Schwatka by Lucky Six Creek, Gull Pass, Gull Creek, a portion of the Alatna River and the Killik River. From south to north the Endicott Mountains present long, broad glaciated valleys with rounded hills between rising in the center of the range to steep tors and aretes. The northern slopes of the Endicotts are steeper and more heavily incised, before they give way to the Arctic Coastal Plain.
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According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, the Glaciated Low Plateau region of the northern and eastern Poconos would have a dominant vegetation type of Northern Hardwood (106) with a dominant vegetation form of Northern hardwood forest (26) north and west of Lake Wallenpaupack, and a dominant vegetation type of Appalachian Oak (104) with a dominant vegetation form of Eastern Hardwood Forest (25) south and east of Wallenpaupack. The peak spring bloom typically occurs in early-May and peak fall color usually occurs in early-October. The plant hardiness zone is 5b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of .
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Tim Jarvis founded the 25zero Project to highlight the retreat of glaciers on the world's 25 glaciated equatorial mountains. He assembled a team of mountaineers and film-makers to join him in advance of COP21 to document the impact of climate change and to communicate how each of the 25 equatorial mountains will lose its glacier 'within an average 25 years'. The first short-film was broadcast live at COP21 during a government-sponsored press conference. At the time of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 25 mountains had glaciers, although since that time, four have gone extinct, leaving only 21 mountains with glaciers at the equator.
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Zumbro River in downtown Rochester Rochester lies alongside the South Fork of the Zumbro River which is 57.6 miles long and is ringed by gentle hills and largely surrounded by farmland within a deciduous forest biome. The Zumbro Watershed flows through 1,422 square miles of agricultural and urban lands. Located in southeast Minnesota, the City of Rochester falls within the Driftless Area: the only region in North America that was never glaciated and contains deeply-carved river valleys. The rugged terrain is due both to the lack of glacial deposits, or drift, and to the incision of the upper Mississippi River and its tributaries into bedrock.
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The ecoregion covers the formerly-glaciated central plains of Central Europe, from eastern Germany and the shores of the Baltic Sea, through large parts of the Czech Republic, Poland, Southern Lithuania, Belarus, Eastern and Central Ukraine, and a part of Russia (in Bryansk and Kaliningrad Oblasts). The terrain is mostly flat lowlands in the center, hilly moraine-dominated in the north, and uplands to the south along the Carpathian mountains. To the north is the Sarmatic mixed forests ecoregion, the forests of which feature more spruce and pine. To the east is the East European forest steppe, in which the forest stands thin out into grasslands.
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Cuncunani (possibly from Aymara kunkuna a plant (Distichia muscoides),Jorge Araya-Presa, Francisco A. Squeo, Lina Barrientos, Eliana Belmonte, Manuel Mamani, Gina Arancio, Manual de Plantas y Canciones en Aymara, PROYECTO EXPLORA-CONICYT ED7/02/085: Etnobotánica y Etnomusicología Aymara: Divulgación de la sabiduría ancestral sobre plantas nativas del Altiplano de Arica, Chile, 2003 -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with kunkuna") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is situated in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Cuncunani lies in the east of the large glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain") and southeast of Cunorana.
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Further lowering the group's spirits, their zoologist, Nicolai Hanson, fell ill, failed to respond to treatment, and died on 14 October 1899. When the southern winter ended and sledging activity became possible, Borchgrevink's assumptions about an easy route to the interior were shattered; the glaciated mountain ranges adjoining Cape Adare precluded any travel inland, restricting exploration to the immediate area around the cape. However, Borchgrevink's basic expedition plan—to overwinter on the Antarctic continent and carry out scientific observations there—had been achieved. When Southern Cross returned at the end of January 1900, Borchgrevink decided to abandon the camp, although there were sufficient fuel and provisions left to last another year.
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The Moraine Park Amphitheater The Moraine Park Museum and Amphitheater, also known as the Moraine Park Lodge and the Moraine Park Visitor Center, are located in Moraine Park, a glaciated meadow between two moraines in Rocky Mountain National Park. The two structures were built to serve visitors to the park, and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The museum was built in 1923 by Imogene Green MacPherson as the center of her private tourist development, and was then known as the Moraine Park Lodge. The National Park Service purchased the property in 1931 and demolished the surrounding cabins in following years.
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Since the area is not believed to have been glaciated, this probably indicates that the course of the rivers pre-dates the modern topography. The highest point is Milk Hill (near Alton Barnes) at 295m / 968 ft above sea level, with the adjacent Tan Hill summiting at 294m / 965 ft. The vale is not used by any major roads, but is followed by a railway and canal as a route between the London Basin and the west. To the north of Burbage the head of the Avon valley, draining west into the vale, meets the head of the River Dun, draining east to the Kennet and the Thames.
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The Glacier Environmental Change group researches patterns, processes, and impacts of environmental change, mostly in glaciated regions.Water Resources Overview, Youtube Video, Big Ten Network We integrate methods of glacial geology, climatology, hydrology, and biogeochemistry.Journal of Glaciology Tropical glacier meltwater contribution to stream discharge: a case study in the Cordillera Blanca, PeruAdvances in Geosciences Characterizing contributions of glacier melt and groundwater during the dry season in a poorly gauged catchment of the Cordillera Blanca Peru Specializing in tropical mountain regions, we study sites along the entire American Cordillera, in Africa, and in Central Ohio. Glaciers impact environments and societies on different scales, from valleys to mountain ranges, spanning far into Earth’s past.
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Two Hulls House Port Mouton, Nova Scotia (2008 - 2011) Two Hulls House is a family of four's permanent residence, located in the maritime climate on a glaciated coastal landscape. The design is composed of two pavilions, a day pavilion for living spaces and night pavilion for sleeping, both separated by a central foyer. The two forms rise above the shore like two ship's hulls that are docked for the winter, while also shaping protected exterior spaces between and beneath them. Resembling a pair of binoculars, the residence acts as a tool to view the landscape, resting lightly on the land and looking outwards to the ocean.
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After climbing part of the lower south-east face above the Schali Glacier, they reached the Schaligrat (south-west ridge) and continued to the summit. The complete ridge (which was considered too difficult and dangerous in its lower part) was first climbed in 1895 by J. M. Biner, A. Imboden and E. Broome. The south-east face was completely climbed in 1906 by Geoffrey Winthrop Young and R.G. Mayor with the guide Josef Knubel of St. Niklaus in the canton Valais. The west face The glaciated north-east face was first climbed in 1871 by J. H. Kitson with guides Christian Almer and his son.
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Dryas octopetala has a widespread occurrence throughout mountainous areas where it is generally restricted to limestone outcrops. These include the entire Arctic, as well as the mountains of Scandinavia, Iceland, the Alps, Carpathian Mountains, Balkans, Caucasus and in isolated locations elsewhere. In Great Britain it occurs in the Pennines (northern England), at two locations in Snowdonia (north Wales), and more widely in the Scottish Highlands; in Ireland it occurs on The Burren and a few other sites. In North America it is found in Alaska, most frequently on previously glaciated terrain, and through the Canadian rockies reaching as far south as Colorado in the Rocky Mountains.
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The Taiya River is unique as it passes through a number of different ecosystems over a short distance. From alpine tundra to temperate rainforest a variety of fauna and flora reside in the Taiya River and its valley. The Taiya River valley and the synonymous Taiya River watershed are actually confined to a very small area as the valley is a very steep-sided glaciated valley (as a sidenote, because of glaciation, the valley is also experiencing post-glacial rebound). There are a number of small glaciers and icefields that the river drains from the surrounding mountains, but for the most part, it's relatively a very small watershed for its size.
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Ice, water and mantle rocks have mass, and as they move around, they exert a gravitational pull on other masses towards them. Thus, the gravity field, which is sensitive to all mass on the surface and within the Earth, is affected by the redistribution of ice/melted water on the surface of the Earth and the flow of mantle rocks within. Today, more than 6000 years after the last deglaciation terminated, the flow of mantle material back to the glaciated area causes the overall shape of the Earth to become less oblate. This change in the topography of Earth's surface affects the long-wavelength components of the gravity field.
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The 1978 novel Last Son of Krypton by Elliot S! Maggin contains descriptions of Krypton, mainly referencing the Silver Age version; it describes the planet as a "failed star" with massive surface gravity and extremely hostile, glaciated conditions, which forced extreme adaptation and rapid evolution in the descendants of humanoid space travelers (and their dogs) who became stranded on its surface in prehistory. This led to an extremely strong, dense, and durable Kryptonian species with unusual physical properties. Maggin describes the rise of a civilization which uses geothermal heat as its primary power source, developing science and technology, but finding it difficult to escape the massive world's gravity.
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It is located on the western slopes of the glaciated Conwy valley, below the ridge of Cefn Cyfarwydd, the village having been largely built in a semicircle at the point where the river Crafnant flows from its hanging valley to join the river Conwy. The river Crafnant still provides power for the woollen mill, and in the past provided power for a number of other industries based along its banks, such as a forge which provided quarry tools. The community includes the hamlet of Llanrhychwyn. Most of the village lies within the Snowdonia National Park, the boundary running down the main street of the village.
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Columbia Peak is a elevation glaciated summit located northwest of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. This remote mountain is situated west-southwest of Mount Defiant, near the head of Meares Glacier, between the First Branch and Second Branch Columbia Glacier, on land managed by Chugach National Forest. Columbia Peak is named in association with the Columbia Glacier, which in turn was named after Columbia University, and is one of several glaciers in the area named for elite U.S. colleges by the Harriman Alaska expedition in 1899. The mountain's local name was reported in 1906 by the United States Geological Survey.
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This region has the highest rates of seismicity and the largest earthquakes in the Himalaya region. Ranging from the coastal areas of the south to the glaciated mountains of the north, Pakistan's landscapes vary from plains to deserts, forests, hills, and plateaus. Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River plain, and the Balochistan Plateau. The northern highlands contain the Karakoram, Hindu Kush, and Pamir mountain ranges (see mountains of Pakistan), which contain some of the world's highest peaks, including five of the fourteen eight-thousanders (mountain peaks over ), which attract adventurers and mountaineers from all over the world, notably K2 () and Nanga Parbat ().
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Alaniya National Park (), is a heavily glaciated, mountainous section of the northern slope of the Central Caucasus Mountains. It covers the southern third of the Irafsky District of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The park was created to have a dual purpose of serving as an ecological refuge - it has very high levels of biodiversity and vulnerable species, such as the near- endangered west Caucasian tur – and also an area of high cultural heritage and potential for recreational tourism. The park contains widespread archaeological ruins from several notable past civilizations, including the Bronze Age Koban people (1200–300 BCE), and the Alans people (100 BCE – 1234 AD).
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The valley extends about from the Lötschenlücke (3178 m) at the top of the Langgletscher to the mouth of the valley at Steg/Gampel (630 m). It is surrounded by 3,000 meter high mountains, including the Bietschhorn (3,934 m), the Hockenhorn (3,293 m), the Wilerhorn (3,307 m) and the Petersgrat (3,205 m). The Jungfrau-Aletsch Protected Area is the most glaciated area in the Swiss Alps, and was declared a Natural World Heritage Site by decision of UNESCO on December 13, 2001, along with southern and eastern parts of the Lötschental. The main villages of the Lötschental are Wiler and Kippel, with 538 and 383 inhabitants respectively.
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The mountain mass of Kasaan Peninsula exhibits characteristic glaciated topography. That the entire peninsula was at one time overridden by ice streams is evident from the glacial erratics which lie on the highest summits, the moraine deposits which occur on the lower levels, and the many basins which stand at various elevations on the mountain slopes and are now occupied by lakes. During the period in which this area lay beneath the ice many of the minor topographic features, such as the earlier erosion level, were partly destroyed. Some of the valleys were more deeply eroded, lake basins were formed, and wide areas of glacial silt and debris were laid down.
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The view from the top of Olallie Butte Part of the High Cascades segment of the larger Cascade Range, Olallie Butte is part of a stretch of shield volcanoes in Oregon with an unusually low elevation, meaning they have undergone less erosion over time than surrounding volcanic centers. Olallie Butte forms part of the Jefferson Reach, an axis of shield volcanoes, scoria cones, and lava domes in width that contains at least 175 Quaternary volcanoes. The Jefferson Reach's northern portion has an unusually low number of young volcanic centers (early Pleistocene or younger). The subsection including Olallie Butte consists mostly of Pleistocene or younger volcanoes, which are often glaciated.
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Though the glacier continues to incise vertically, the shape of the channel beneath the ice eventually remain constant, reaching a U-shaped parabolic steady-state shape as we now see in glaciated valleys. Scientists also provide a numerical estimate of the time required for the ultimate formation of a steady-shaped U-shaped valley—approximately 100,000 years. In a weak bedrock (containing material more erodible than the surrounding rocks) erosion pattern, on the contrary, the amount of over deepening is limited because ice velocities and erosion rates are reduced. Glaciers can also cause pieces of bedrock to crack off in the process of plucking.
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Located in the glaciated Appalachian Plateau area of Central New York, midway between Syracuse and Binghamton, this predominantly rural county is the southeastern gateway to the Finger Lakes Region. Scattered archaeological evidence indicates the Iroquois also known as the Haudenosaunee controlled the area beginning about AD 1500. What was to become Cortland County remained within Indian territory until the American Revolution. It became part of the Military Tract, when, in 1781, more than 1¼ million acres (5,100 km2) were set aside by the State's Legislature to compensate two regiments formed to protect the State's western section from the English and their Iroquois allies, at the close of the Revolution.
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Mount Glenn is a elevation glaciated summit located northwest of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. This remote mountain north of Prince William Sound, set on land managed by Chugach National Forest, is situated west-southwest of Mount Witherspoon, and west of Mount Einstein. It is part of the Dora Keen Range, which is a 25-miles-long divide separating Harvard Glacier from Yale Glacier. The mountain's name was applied in 1911 by Lawrence Martin, and officially adopted in 1930 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names to honor Edwin Forbes Glenn (1857–1926), an Army officer who explored this College Fjord area in 1898.
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Prostar Sailing Directions 2005 Greenland and Iceland Enroute, p. 102 At this point the northeastern part of Odinland forms the Kangerajiip Apusiia (Colberger Heide), a large glacier-covered headland, limited in the southeast by the small Quseertaliip Kangertiva (Otte Krumpen Fjord), to the east by the Irminger Sea, to the north by the Umivik Bay and to the northwest by the Vikingevig. Unlike the peninsulas further south Odinland is heavily glaciated, with the large Sleipner Glacier flowing westwards from its central part and the Gjallerbroen flowing eastwards. The Ydun Glacier, Gerd Glacier and Gymer Glacier are smaller glaciers flowing into the Bernstorff Fjord from the southern shore.
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The village of Fieschertal is located in the valley of the Wysswasser, a tributary of the Rhone that drains the Fiescher glacier. In addition to the village, the municipality includes a number of nearby hamlets, including Wichul, Zer Flie and Wirbul. However, most of the municipality's area comprises sparsely inhabited high mountain landscape and is heavily glaciated, including most of the Aletsch glacier and its tributary glaciers, together with the whole of the Fiescher glacier. The mountains of the Jungfrau, Mönch, Fiescherhorn, Agassizhorn, Finsteraarhorn, Oberaarhorn, Wasenhorn, Grunhorn, Wannenhorn, Eggishorn, Aletschhorn, Mittaghorn and Gletscherhorn are all either within or on the boundary of the municipality, as is the Märjelen lake.
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Discontinuous permafrost is often further divided into extensive discontinuous permafrost, where permafrost covers between 50 and 90 percent of the landscape and is usually found in areas with mean annual temperatures between , and sporadic permafrost, where permafrost cover is less than 50 percent of the landscape and typically occurs at mean annual temperatures between . In soil science, the sporadic permafrost zone is abbreviated SPZ and the extensive discontinuous permafrost zone DPZ. Exceptions occur in un- glaciated Siberia and Alaska where the present depth of permafrost is a relic of climatic conditions during glacial ages where winters were up to colder than those of today.
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The Shawangunk Conglomerate is very hard and resistant to weathering; whereas the underlying shale erodes relatively easily. Thus, the quartz conglomerate forms cliffs and talus slopes, particularly along the eastern margin of the ridge. The entire ridge was glaciated during the last Wisconsin glaciation, which scoured the ridges, left pockets of till, and dumped talus (blocks of rock) off the east side of the ridge. On top of the ridge, the soils are generally thin, highly acidic, low in nutrients, and droughty, but in depressions and other areas where water is trapped by the bedrock or till, there are interspersed lakes and wetland areas.
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Individual with velvet-covered antlers from the southern herd. Satellite view of the extensively glaciated island of South Georgia Map showing Leith Harbour and Ocean Harbour where reindeer were released Reindeer in South Georgia are an example of an animal which has been introduced outside its native range. The reindeer, a species of deer adapted to arctic and subarctic climates, was introduced to the subantarctic island of South Georgia by Norwegian whalers in the early 20th century. The reason for the introduction was to provide both recreational hunting and fresh meat for the numerous people working in the whaling industry on the island at the time.
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The drift continues and is the cause of the frequent earthquakes in the Himalayan region. Crossing the Himalayas by the dip of the Zoji-la, the crest-line of the range remains at a relatively modest level, the highest peaks near the pass being little more than 5000–5500 m above sea level. South-east of Zoji-la the scale increases, reaching a climax in the mighty massif of Nun-Kun, with two summits over 7000 m. The Suru and Zanskar valleys form a great trough at the foot of the northern, heavily glaciated flank of the Himalayas, while opposite rise the mountains of the Zanskar range.
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During winter snow covers the peaks; meltwater formed during spring has cut gullies into the mountains. There are not many creeks on Antofalla that carry water year round, although deep ravines with evidence of flash flood activity can be discerned. The main Antofalla volcano may have been glaciated during the Pleistocene, but this is disputed especially for the lower mountains of the complex. It is likely that in the past, more water was available and led to the deposition of alluvial fans at the margins of basins although there is no evidence that a lake ever formed in the Salar de Antofalla, unlike in other salars farther north.
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Mount Defiant is an elevation glaciated summit located northwest of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. This remote mountain is situated east-northeast of Columbia Peak, south of Mount Einstein, near the head of Columbia Glacier's Second Branch, on land managed by Chugach National Forest. Mount Defiant was named in 1957 by members of the Chugach Mountains Expedition which was sponsored by the Arctic Institute of North America, because the rugged ice-covered peak defied all their attempts to find a route to the summit.Dictionary of Alaska Place Names, Donald J. Orth author, United States Government Printing Office (1967), page 264.
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Coropuna seen from Lake Pallacocha Lakes lie on the flanks of the volcano. These include Lake Pallarcocha on the southwestern flank on formerly glaciated terrain, Laguna Pucaylla on Coropuna's northeastern side and Laguna Caracara on the southeastern side. A number of streams and rivers originate on the mountain. Clockwise around Coropuna, these include Quebrada Chauqui-Huayco, Rio Amayani on the northern side, Quebrada Chinchina/Infernillo, Quebrada Jollpa, Quebrada Caspanja with the lake Laguna Caracara, Quebrada Buena Vista, Quebrada Tuallqui, Rio Testane on the southern flank, Rio de Huayllaura on the southwestern flank, Quebrada del Apacheta, Quebrada Sigue Chico and Quebrada Sepulturayoc on the western flank.
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Another deep col to the north, known as Maumnascalpa connects Benfree and Muckanaght to the northern Ben of Benbrack , which sits on its own small massif with the subsidiary peaks of Knockbrack , and another peak named Benbaun, at . Benbaun sits at the apex of two major glaciated U-shaped valleys. To the east is the Gleninagh Valley (), from which the Gleninagh river flows. This valley is bounded by two large long north-easterly rocky spurs, and the southern spur contains "Carrot Ridge" (), an important area for rock-climbing in the Bens, with climbs varying from Diff (D) to Very Severe (VS) and ranging from 150 to 320 metres in length.
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On Thursday, 7 September 1950 at approximately 7.30 pm – during the afternoon shift – a large volume of liquefied peat or moss broke down into the No. 5 Heading section of the 'Main coal' seam in the South Boig district of the mine. The liquid matter had come from a glaciated lake just below the surface. The inrush occurred at the point where the No. 5 Heading (or Drift) was being driven towards the surface at a gradient of 1 in 2. The inrush of liquid rushed back down the incline filling miles of underground workings and sealing off all escape routes to the surface.
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Fieldstone is common in soils throughout temperate latitudes due to glacial deposition. The type of field stones left through glaciation, are known as glacial erratics. In Canada and the northern United States, the advance of the Laurentide Ice Sheet pulverized bedrock, and its retreat deposited several dozen meters of unsorted till in previously glaciated areas as far south as New England and the Upper Midwest. Although a coarse layer of glacial ablation would settle on top of the deeper lodgment till, it was these more deeply set stones that would prove a persistent challenge for settled human agriculture because they would be frost-churned into surface soils during harsh winters.
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Scientists have argued that the Mount Meager massif, made of altered volcanic rock which breaks apart easily, is the most unstable mountain massif in Canada and may also be its most active landslide area. More than 25 landslides have occurred there in the last 8,000 years, and debris flows, mainly from the massif, have also filled Meager Creek valley to a depth of . Large volcano-associated debris flows known as lahars pose a threat to populated areas downstream from glaciated volcanoes. Although lahars are typically associated with the effects of volcanic eruptions, they can occur whenever conditions allow collapse and movement of mud originating from existing volcanic ash deposits.
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Borchgrevink's party sailed in the , and spent the southern winter of 1899 at Cape Adare, the northwest extremity of the Ross Sea coastline. Here they carried out an extensive programme of scientific observations, although opportunities for inland exploration were restricted by the mountainous and glaciated terrain surrounding the base. In January 1900, the party left Cape Adare in Southern Cross to explore the Ross Sea, following the route taken by Ross 60 years earlier. They reached the Great Ice Barrier, where a team of three made the first sledge journey on the Barrier surface, during which a new Farthest South record latitude was established at 78° 50′S.
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In 1916, Ernest Shackleton and a small crew landed on the unpopulated southern coast of South Georgia at King Haakon Bay after an arduous sea voyage from Elephant Island in the lifeboat, . Shackleton, along with Tom Crean and Frank Worsley, then trekked across South Georgia's mountainous and glaciated interior in an effort to reach help on the populated northern shore of the island. After 36 hours of crossing the interior, they arrived at the Stromness administration centre which also was the home of the Norwegian whaling station's manager. This building has been dubbed the "Villa at Stromness" because it represents relative luxury compared to its surroundings.
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The town is situated near the centre of Low Furness, on the eastern crest of a glaciated valley which runs obliquely across the peninsula. Just over a mile to the south lie the ruins of Furness Abbey, and four miles to the south west is the nearest major town, Barrow-in-Furness. The area is generally reached by the A590, the link road from the M6 motorway to the Furness region, which now by-passes the town, reducing the traffic flow, and enabling traffic calming measures which have proved to be rather controversial. Dalton railway station, which serves the town, is located on the Furness Line, giving connections to Barrow, Ulverston, Grange-over-Sands and Lancaster.
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The rocks are of the Devonian, in common with their companion peaks of the Brecon Beacons to the east. The area was glaciated during the ice ages and a number of fresh moraines are to be found beneath the spectacular north and east facing sandstone scarps in the north-east of the range, especially below Fan Hir. There are smaller moraines lying immediately below the cliffs of Waun Lefrith and Picws Du. Llyn y Fan Fawr, below Fan Brycheiniog in the Black Mountain The lakes below the escarpment of Llyn y Fan Fawr and Llyn y Fan Fach are also remnants of glacial action, having been created by other moraines blocking drainage by forming deep hollows below the cliffs.
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Scott Peak is an glaciated mountain summit located in Denali National Park and Preserve, on the crest of the Alaska Range, in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is situated southeast of the Eielson Visitor Center, at the head of the Sunset Glacier, and northeast of Denali. This mountain was named in 1953 by Reynold E. (Pete) Isto of the U.S. Geological Survey and Bradford Washburn to honor Lieutenant Gordon D. Scott (1925–1953), a surveyor for the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey who was killed in a plane crash during mapping operations of this area.Dictionary of Alaska Place Names, Donald J. Orth author, United States Government Printing Office (1967), page 305.
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Three major ranges of the Alps – the Northern Calcareous Alps, Central Alps, and Southern Calcareous Alps – run west to east through Austria. The Central Alps, which consist largely of a granite base, are the largest and highest ranges in Austria. The Central Alps run from Tyrol to approximately the Styria-Lower Austria border and include areas that are permanently glaciated in the Ötztal Alps on the Tyrolean-Italian border and the High Tauern in East Tyrol and Carinthia. The Northern Calcareous Alps, which run from Vorarlberg through Tyrol into Salzburg along the German border and through Upper Austria and Lower Austria toward Vienna, and the Southern Calcareous Alps, on the Carinthia-Slovenia border, are predominantly limestone and dolomite.
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Although the crystalline rocks from Canada and some of the more resistant stratified rocks south of the Great Lakes occur as boulders and stones, a great part of the till has been crushed and ground to a clayey texture. The till plains, although sweeping in broad swells of slowly changing altitude, often appear level to the eye with a view stretching to the horizon. Here and there, faint depressions occur, occupied by marshy sloughs, or floored with a rich black soil of postglacial origin. It is thus by sub- glacial aggradation that the prairies have been levelled up to a smooth surface, in contrast to the higher and non-glaciated hilly country just to the south.
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Zhongar-Alatau National Park (, Jońǵar Alataýy ulttyq parki), also Jungar Alatau, or Dzungurian Alatau, was created in 2010 to protect the unique ecology of the Dzungarian Alatau, an isolated, glaciated mountain range in Kazakhstan, on the southeastern border with China. One stated reason for creating the park is to protect forests of wild fruit trees, including apricots, barberry, cherries, and currants. Approximately 1% of the land area of the park is forested with Sievers Apple trees, which are the progenitors of all cultured apple varieties in the world. The park is 300 km long (west-to- east), and spreads across Aksu District, Sarkand District and Alakol District of Almaty Region, 300 km northeast of the regional city of Almaty.
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The Neblina massif is a glaciated tor composed of a tilted block of sandstone overlying Precambrian metamorphic rocks. In contrast to the sharp tooth shape of its higher neighbour, Pico 31 de Março has a smoother shape and is sometimes difficult to be clearly distinguished from Pico da Neblina on photographs, depending on the angle and distance from which the photograph was taken. Due to its equatorial latitude, while it can be cold on top, sub- freezing temperatures and frost appear to be rare (no permanent measurements are undertaken), and there is no snow. One non-authoritative source gives an average temperature of during the day and at night for nearby Pico da Neblina.
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Sandurs are found in glaciated areas, such as Svalbard, Kerguelen Islands, and Iceland. Glaciers and icecaps contain large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as they erode the underlying rocks when they move slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier. An outwash plain might contain surficial braided stream complexes that rework the original deposits.
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New Russian polar station at Severnaya Zemlya Parts of the shore of the island are deeply indented, with Mikoyan Bay in the north and Solnechny Bay in the south, as well as fjords such as the large Akhmatov Fjord, and the smaller Thaelmann Fjord, Spartak Fjord and Partizan Fjord. Bolshevik Island is comparatively less glaciated than the other islands of Severnaya Zemlya. Only about 30% of the island is covered by glaciers while the coastal plains have a sparse vegetation of moss and lichen. The Leningrad Glacier, Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky Glacier, Kropotkin Glacier, Mushketov Glacier and Aerosyomki Glacier are located in the interior of the island and do not reach the sea.. Oceandots.com.
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The North Cascade Glacier Climate Project measures the annual balance of 10 glaciers, more than any other program in North America, to monitor an entire glaciated mountain range, which was listed as a high priority of the National Academy of Sciences in 1983. These records extend from 1984–2008 and represent the only set of records documenting the mass balance changes of an entire glacier clad range. North Cascade glaciers annual balance has averaged −0.48 m/a from 1984–2008, a cumulative thickness loss of over 13 m or 20–40% of their total volume since 1984 due to negative mass balances. The trend in mass balance is becoming more negative which is fueling more glacier retreat and thinning.
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Floods, faults, and fire: Geological Field Trips in Washington States and Southwest British Columbia The latest basaltic eruption deposited wood in lacustrine sediments under the lava flows that have been dated years old. These youngest lavas form isolated ridges above the older glaciated Cheakamus Valley basalts and were described as "esker-like" by Canadian volcanologist Bill Mathews. Columnar jointing is present all through the most recent basalt lava flow and pillow basalts exist in the lowermost unit, portions of which are underlain by hyaloclastite breccia. Bill Mathews suggested that these esker-like lava flows were deposited during subglacial eruptions that traveled away from the vent inside tunnels or trenches melted in the overlying ice sheet.
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The Arctic Cordillera is a terrestrial ecozone in northern Canada characterized by a vast, deeply dissected chain of mountain ranges extending along the northeastern flank of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from Ellesmere Island to the northeasternmost part of the Labrador Peninsula in northern Labrador and northern Quebec, Canada. It spans most of the eastern coast of Nunavut with high glaciated peaks rising through ice fields and some of Canada's largest ice caps, including the Penny Ice Cap on Baffin Island.Ice Cap The Canadian Encyclopedia Retrieved on 2008-02-10 It is bounded to the east by Baffin Bay, Davis Strait and the Labrador Sea while its northern portion is bounded by the Arctic Ocean.
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The Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre is a research and exhibition facility located at km 1423 (Mile 886) on the Alaska Highway in Whitehorse, Yukon, which opened in 1997. The focus of the interpretive centre is the story of Beringia, the 3200 km landmass stretching from the Kolyma River in Siberia to the MacKenzie River in Canada, which remained non-glaciated during the Pleistocene due to light snowfall from an arid climate. Beringia is of special interest to archeologists and paleontologists as it played a crucial role in the migrations of many animals and humans between Asia and the Americas. The term Beringia was first coined by the Swedish botanist Eric Hultén in 1937.
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But in the latter part of the epoch, the temperatures warmed significantly, resulting in the absence of glaciated poles and the presence of verdant, tropical forests. The warmer climate increased ocean temperatures leading to a proliferation of species such as coral and other invertebrates. A 2018 published study estimated that early Palaeogene annual air temperatures, over land and at mid- latitude, averaged about 23–29 °C (± 4.7 °C), which is 5–10 °C higher than most previous estimates. Or for comparison, 10 to 15 °C higher than current annual mean temperatures in these areas, the authors also suggest that the current atmospheric carbon dioxide trajectory, if it continues, could establish these temperatures again.
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Several dissected lava domes and volcanic plugs are present on its glaciated summit, as well as a clearly defined volcanic crater with a lava dome placed within it. At least eight volcanic vents compose the complex and have been the sources for volcanic activity throughout massif's 2.2 million year history. A well-documented history of volcanism is present at the Mount Meager massif, with its most recent eruption about 2,350 years ago that was similar in character to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and the continuous eruption of Soufrière Hills on the island of Montserrat. This is the largest recorded Holocene explosive eruption in Canada, originating from a volcanic vent on the northeastern flank of Plinth Peak.
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Mount Wachusett and flat environs Wachusett Mountain is a glaciated monadnock: a single mountain on a relatively flat landscape. Glacial activity that shaped the mountain can be seen at Balance Rock on the northeast side of the mountain: two large boulders were stacked one on top of each other by moving glaciers thousands of years ago. Wachusett Mountain is bordered to the south by Little Wachusett Mountain and Brown Hill, to the north by Church Rock, to the east by Pine Hill, and to the northeast by the Crow Hills. The nearest mountain of comparable size is Mount Watatic, 1,832 feet (558 m), to the north on the New Hampshire border in Ashburnham, Massachusetts.
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Soils of the subarctic are in which leaching of nutrients takes place even in the most heavily glaciated regions. The dominant soil orders are podsols and, further north, gelisols. Subarctic regions are often characterized by taiga forest vegetation, though where winters are relatively mild, as in northern Norway, broadleaf forest may occur—though in some cases soils remain too saturated almost throughout the year to sustain any tree growth and the dominant vegetation is a peaty herbland dominated by grasses and sedges. Typically, there are only a few species of large terrestrial mammals in the subarctic regions, the most important being elk, moose (Alces alces), bears, reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), and wolves (Canis lupus).
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The start of the high mountain tour at the end of the 18th century: contemporary portrait of Horace-Bénédict de Saussure on Mont Blanc in 1787 In glaciated terrain the risk of crevasses means that even technically easy walks require the use of rope, crampons and ice axes as well as knowledge of safety and rescue techniques. Techniques and equipment, the use of which can become especially important in high mountain tours, include crevasse rescue, the T anchor, the ice screw and snow protection. Walking with a rope requires a roped team to be formed and makes trekking alone dangerous. In addition, a certain level of fitness and height acclimatization is often unavoidable.
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Evidence of the erosion is found in the Turtle Mountains, which were originally part of a continuous plateau before up to 600 feet of sandstone and shale eroded between the two features prior to glaciation. Pliocene erosion created the Red River Valley, as a tributary of the Cheyenne River eroded a gently sloping escarpment 1000 feet down (the ground surface of the valley is higher, due to glacial and lake bed sediments). The Killdeer Mountains are up to 1300 feet above the Little Missouri River, leading to inferences about the previous height of the plain. The state was glaciated six to seven times during the Pleistocene, contributing to erosion and rechanneling rivers.
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Mount La Perouse is a 10,728-foot (3,270 meter) glaciated mountain summit located in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in southeast Alaska, United States. The peak is situated in Glacier Bay National Park, southeast of Mount Dagelet, south-southeast of Mount Crillon which is the nearest higher peak, and southeast of Mount Fairweather, which is the highest peak in the Fairweather Range. Topographic relief is significant as the mountain rises up from tidewater in less than nine miles. The mountain was named in 1874 by William Healey Dall of the U.S. Geological Survey, for Jean- François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse (1741-1788), a French navigator who explored this coastal area in 1786.
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The first winter ascent of the Grossglockner was made on January 2, 1875 by William Adolf Baillie Grohman, a member of the Alpine Club. In 1876 Count Pallavicini and his guide Hans Tribusser undertook the first expedition up the steep glaciated Northeast Face, chopping 2,500 steps into the Pallavicinirinne in an ice climbing master stroke not repeated for 23 years. Großglockner summit cross, 2006 condition In 1879 Count Pallavicini dedicated a new iron summit cross on the occasion of the silver wedding of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria and Empress Elisabeth; both had visited Heiligenblut and walked to the present-day Franz-Josefs-Höhe viewpoint in 1865. The cross was installed on 2 October 1880.
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Swiss Alps seen from the Swiss Jura in December 2010 The Alps cover 60% of Switzerland's total surface area, making it one of the most alpine countries. Despite the fact that Switzerland covers only 14% of the Alps total area,Werner Bätzing, Henri Rougier, Les Alpes: Un foyer de civilisation au coeur de l'Europe, page 21, Area defined by the Alpine Convention (website: alpconv.org ) 48 out of 82 alpine four- thousanders are located in the Swiss Alps and practically all of the remaining 34 are within of the country's border. The glaciers of the Swiss Alps cover an area of — 3% of the Swiss territory, representing 44% of the total glaciated area in the Alps i.e. .
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The Carboniferous extends from about 358.9 ± 0.4 to about 298.9 ± 0.15 Ma. A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the period, though it is uncertain if the ice sheets were a holdover from the Devonian or not. These conditions apparently had little effect in the deep tropics, where lush coal swamps flourished within 30 degrees of the northernmost glaciers. A mid-Carboniferous drop in sea-level precipitated a major marine extinction, one that hit crinoids and ammonites especially hard.
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Other areas of the Northern Hemisphere did not bear extensive ice sheets, but local glaciers in high areas. Parts of Taiwan, for example, were repeatedly glaciated between 44,250 and 10,680 BP as well as the Japanese Alps. In both areas maximum glacier advance occurred between 60,000 and 30,000 BP. To a still lesser extent glaciers existed in Africa, for example in the High Atlas, the mountains of Morocco, the Mount Atakor massif in southern Algeria, and several mountains in Ethiopia. In the Southern Hemisphere, an ice cap of several hundred square kilometers was present on the east African mountains in the Kilimanjaro massif, Mount Kenya and the Rwenzori Mountains, still bearing remnants of glaciers today.
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The soil of intermountain basins usually consists of clay, gravel, sand, silt, and volcanic ash, much of it laid down by lakes which covered the region during the Oligocene 33 to 23 million years ago. Tablelands are often topped with argillite gravel and weathered quartzite, occasionally underlain by shale. The glaciated plains are generally covered in clay, gravel, sand, and silt left by the proglacial Lake Great Falls or by moraines or gravel-covered former lake basins left by the Wisconsin glaciation 85,000 to 11,000 years ago. Farther east, areas such as Makoshika State Park near Glendive and Medicine Rocks State Park near Ekalaka contain some of the most scenic badlands regions in the state.
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Misty Icefield showing Stave Peak The Misty Icefield (sometimes referred to as the Misty Icefields) is a high glaciated plateau in the Garibaldi Ranges of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains. It is located in the eastern part of Garibaldi Provincial Park and the northern portion of Golden Ears Provincial Park. The Misty Icefield was mapped and named in 1955, and rarely visited since, mainly due to its remote location.Fairley The area includes the Stave Glacier, and the Snowcap GlacierCanadian Mountain Encyclopedia entry on the Misty Icefield The area is difficult to get to on foot, taking 3–5 days on skis,CAJ-Waddington-1985BCM-Ley-1998VOCJ-McKillop-2000 and there are few documented visits to the area.
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Chimborazo from the south The top of Chimborazo is completely covered by glaciers, with some north- eastern glacier arms flowing down to 4,600 m. Its glacier is the source of water for the population of the Bolivar and Chimborazo provinces of Ecuador. Chimborazo glacier's ice mass has decreased over the past decades, which is thought by some to be due to the combined influences of global warming, ash covers from recent volcanic activity of Tungurahua, and the El Niño phenomenon. As on other glaciated Ecuadorian mountains, Chimborazo's glacial ice is mined by locals (the so-called Hieleros from Spanish Hielo for Ice) to be sold in the markets of Guaranda and Riobamba.
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The Oligocene climate change was a globalLorraine E. Lisiecki Nov 2004; A Pliocene–Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records Brown University, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, VOL. 20 increase in ice volume and a 55 m (181 feet) decrease in sea level (35.7–33.5 Ma) with a closely related (25.5–32.5 Ma) temperature depression.Kenneth G. Miller Jan–Feb 2006; Eocene–Oligocene global climate and sea-level changes St. Stephens Quarry, Alabama GSA Bulletin, Rutgers University, NJ The 7-million-year depression abruptly terminated within 1–2 million years of the La Garita Caldera eruption at 28–26 Ma. A deep 400,000-year glaciated Oligocene Miocene boundary event is recorded at McMurdo Sound and King George Island.
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Brittany was never glaciated during the Quaternary, owing to its latitude, proximity to the coast and absence of significant mountain ranges. However, even though free of glaciers, Palaeolithic Brittany was extremely cold compared to its present climate, with annual mean temperatures at the last glacial maximum estimated at -3 °C (27 °F). Permafrost was present with only a very shallow active layer estimated at only 1 foot (30 cm) thawing each summer, so that only a very light (less than 5 percent) cover of tundra could grow. This vegetation could only support very low densities of grazing mammals like reindeer, which (in Europe) are found today only in areas then uninhabitable due to the presence of thick ice sheets.
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Global mean sea surface temperatures are thought to have been higher than in the Holocene, but not by enough to explain the rise in sea level through thermal expansion alone, and so melting of polar ice caps must also have occurred. Because of the sea level drop since the Eemian, exposed fossil coral reefs are common in the tropics, especially in the Caribbean and along the Red Sea coastlines. These reefs often contain internal erosion surfaces showing significant sea level instability during the Eemian. A 2007 study found evidence that the Greenland ice core site Dye 3 was glaciated during the Eemian, which implies that Greenland could have contributed at most to sea level rise.
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In the heavily glaciated Kronotsky Peninsula, where maritime influences are most pronounced, annual precipitation can reach as high as , whilst the southeast coast south of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky generally receives around of rainfall equivalent per year. Considerable local variations exist: southern parts of the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky metropolitan area can receive as much as more than the northern part of the city. Temperatures here are very mild, with summer maxima around and winter lows around , whilst diurnal temperature ranges seldom exceed due to persistent fog on exposed parts of the coast. South of 57˚N there is no permafrost due to the relatively mild winters and heavy snow cover, whilst northward discontinuous permafrost prevails.
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Location of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands Gleaner Heights from Miziya Peak The survey route of Tangra 2004/05 including Gleaner Heights Topographic map of Livingston Island and Smith Island The Gleaner Heights are a series of elevations extending for southwest from Leslie Hill in the eastern part of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. They are separated from Leslie Hill by Elhovo Gap, and from Hemus Peak off the northwest extremity of Bowles Ridge by Gurev Gap. The feature is heavily glaciated, with a small rock exposure on its northwest slopes. Gleaner Heights surmount Saedinenie Snowfield to the northwest, Kaliakra Glacier to the east and Perunika Glacier to the southwest.
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All mountains in West Papua are in the Maoke Mountains, a translation of the name “Sneeuwgebergte” or Snowy Mountains endowed to them in 1623 by Jan Carstensz, at which time many of the peaks indeed were covered by extensive ice caps. By the beginning of the 20th century, at least five such glaciated regions remained on the highest mountains. In 1913, the 4520–4550 m high Prins Hendrik-top (now Puncak Yamin) was named and reported to have some "eternal" snow.E.J. Brill, Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1913, p. 180. The ice cap of Wilhelmina Peaks vanished between 1939 and 1963, while the Mandala / Juliana ice cap disappeared in the 1990s.Klein, A.G., Kincaid, J.L., 2008.
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Aberdeen is at the eastern end of Grays Harbor, near the mouth of the Chehalis River and southwest of the Olympic Mountains. Grays Harbor is notable as the northernmost ria on North America's Pacific Coast because it has remained free of glaciers throughout the Quaternary due to unfavorable topography and warm temperatures. It is thought that, during glacial periods of the Quaternary, the Chehalis River was a major refugium for aquatic species, as was the west coast from the Olympic Peninsula southward for plants that later formed the northern part of the Pacific temperate rainforest in formerly glaciated areas. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
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The Quelccaya (also known as Quenamari) Ice Cap is the second largest glaciated area in the tropics, after Coropuna. Located in the Cordillera Oriental section of the Andes mountains of Peru, the ice cap covers an area of with up to thick ice. It is surrounded by tall ice cliffs and a number of outlet glaciers, the largest of which is known as Qori Kalis Glacier; the terrain surrounding the ice cap features lakes, moraines, peat bogs and wetlands and features a rich flora and fauna, including birds which have been observed to nest on the ice cap. Water from Quelccaya eventually nourishes the Inambari River and the Vilcanota River and is an important source of water.
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Mount Elusive is an elevation glaciated summit located northwest of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. Set on land managed by Chugach National Forest, this remote peak is situated northeast of Mount Edison, southwest of Mount Valhalla, and north of Mount Einstein, near the head Columbia Glacier. It is part of the Dora Keen Range, which is a 25-miles- long divide separating Harvard Glacier from Yale Glacier. The mountain was so named in 1957 by Lawrence E. Nielsen because of the peak's "elusive character in trying to locate its position on the map from aerial photos," and later officially adopted by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names in 1965.
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Discrete debris accumulation (DDA) is a non-genetic term in mountain glacial geology to aid identification of non-lithified sediments on a valley or mountain slope or floor. It is intended that the debris accumulation is discrete such that it can be mapped, in the field and/or from aerial or satellite imagery. The origin or formative process may well not be known clearly or be changed by subsequent investigators it is advisable to have a non-genetic field reference so that discussion can then be used to ascertain, if possible, the origin. Mountain areas may currently have glaciers (glacierized) or have had glaciers (glaciated) or be subject to forms of periglacial activity.
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Stumps from the lumber era and lily pads in the bog natural area at Black Moshannon State Park The bogs at the park contain large amounts of sphagnum moss; this decomposes very slowly, causing layers of dead moss to build up at the bottom of the bog, creating peat. In 1994, of bog at the state park were protected as the "Black Moshannon Bog Natural Area"; this was originally conceived as part of the State Parks 2000 strategic plan of the DCNR, and fourteen years later the total area of bog protected as a Natural Area had increased to . Most bogs exist in glaciated areas, but Black Moshannon State Park is on the Allegheny Plateau. This area was not covered by glaciers during the last ice age.
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During the Last Glacial Maximum valley glaciers in the southern Andes (38–43° S) merged and descended from the Andes occupying lacustrine and marine basins where they spread out forming large piedmont glacier lobes. Glaciers extended about 7 km west of the modern Llanquihue Lake but not more than 2 to 3 km south of it. Nahuel Huapi Lake in Argentina was also glaciated by the same time. Over most Chiloé glacier advance peaked in 26,000 yrs BP forming a long north–south moraine system along the eastern coast of Chiloé Island (41.5–43° S). By that time the glaciation at the latitude of Chiloé was of ice sheet type contrasting to the valley glaciation found further north in Chile.
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According to the Trewartha climate classification system, the Glaciated Low Plateau region of the northern and eastern Poconos has a Temperate Continental climate (Dc) with warm summers (b), cold winters (o) and year-around precipitation (Dcbo). Dcbo climates are characterized by at least one month having an average mean temperature ≤ , four to seven months with an average mean temperature ≥ , all months with an average mean temperature < and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. Although most summer days are comfortably humid on the Low Plateau, episodes of heat and high humidity can occur with heat index values > . Since 1981, the highest air temperature was on 08/06/2001, and the highest daily average mean dew point was on 08/01/2006.
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According to the Trewartha climate classification system, the Glaciated Pocono Plateau region of the central and western Poconos has a Temperate Continental climate (Dc) with warm summers (b), cold winters (o) and year-around precipitation (Dcbo). Dcbo climates are characterized by at least one month having an average mean temperature ≤ , four to seven months with an average mean temperature ≥ , all months with an average mean temperature < and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. Although most summer days are comfortably humid on the Pocono Plateau, episodes of heat and high humidity can occur with heat index values > . Since 1981, the highest air temperature was on 07/22/2011, and the highest daily average mean dew point was on 08/01/2006.
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The HIMI wetland is listed on the Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia and, in a recent analysis of Commonwealth- managed wetlands, was ranked highest for nomination under the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention) as an internationally important wetland. Six wetland types have been identified from HIMI covering approximately 1860 ha: coastal ‘pool complex’ (237 ha); inland ‘pool complex’ (105 ha); vegetated seeps mostly on recent glaciated areas (18 ha); glacial lagoons (1103 ha); non-glacial lagoons (97ha); Elephant Spit (300 ha) plus some coastal areas. On Heard Island, the majority of these types suites are found below 150 m asl. The wetland vegetation occurs in the ‘wet mixed herbfield’ and ‘coastal biotic vegetation’ communities described above.
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The Uri Alps (also known as Urner Alps, ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps. They extend into the cantons of Obwalden, Valais, Bern, Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps (Grimsel Pass) and the Emmental Alps to the west (the four lakes: Lungerersee, Sarnersee, Wichelsee, and Alpnachersee), the Schwyzer Alps to the north (Lake Lucerne), the Lepontine Alps to the south (the valley of Urseren with Andermatt) and the Glarus Alps to the east (Reuss). The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass. The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part, which culminates on Titlis, has lower summits but greater extent.
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In biogeography, particularly phytogeography, the nunatak hypothesis about the origin of a biota in formerly glaciated areas is the idea that some or many species have survived the inhospitable period on icefree land such as nunataks. Its antithesis is the tabula rasa hypothesis, which posits that all species have immigrated into completely denuded land after the retreat of glaciers. By the mid-20th Century, the nunatak hypothesis was widely accepted among biologists working on the floras of Greenland and Scandinavia. However, while modern geology has established the presence of ice-free areas during the last glacial maximum in both Greenland and Scandinavia, molecular techniques have revealed limited between-region genetic differentiation in many Arctic taxa, strongly suggesting a general capacity for long-distance dispersal among polar organisms.
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Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) regard the valley as a "stunning example of a glaciated U-shaped valley, with oversteepened cliff sides and a flat floor". The valley dates from the last glacial period called the quaternary glaciation or Ice Age, and contains moraines marking the positions of the ice-front as it retreated back towards the source area higher up in the centre of the Wicklow mountains. The GSI highlight an impressive moraine about halfway between the waterfall and Laragh and can be seen as a boulder-strewn mound running right across the valley. Glenmacnass Waterfall flows over grey-colored, smooth porphyritic granite bedrock (part of the Lugnaquilla pluton, which is itself from the late-Caledonian (405 Ma) Leinster Granite Batholith Formation).
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During and before the Pleistocene, the upper portion of the watershed was heavily glaciated during successive ice ages, with valley glaciers flowing as much as down the river's three forks, carving the "V"-shaped river canyons into the "U"-shaped gorges of Kings Canyon, Tehipite Valley and others. The Sierra is composed mainly of granitic igneous rock; however, in the foothill area the Kings River flows through roof pendant formations of older sedimentary and metamorphic rock which were accreted to the Sierra Nevada crustal block as it rose above the surrounding landscape. The lower Kings River forms a large and gently sloping inland delta, or alluvial fan, extending laterally across the Central Valley – the resulting material from millions of years of erosion that carved Kings Canyon.
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Most of the Midlands is a region of relatively low plains drained mostly by tributaries of the Tamar River in the north and Jordan River in the south. The natural vegetation was predominantly grassland, but all of it is either grazed by cattle and sheep or cleared for growing better pasture species. On the eastern side it rises into low, unglaciated dolerite hills and mountains, largely covered with dry sclerophyllous forests, but on the west lies the high doleritic Lake Country, which was extensively glaciated during Quaternary glacial periods and is covered with large numbers of lakes consequently carved into the very hard and erosion-resistant rock. Sheep in Longford, Tasmania The climate of the Midlands is the driest in Tasmania, with annual rainfalls ranging from .
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Map showing extent of the Driftless Area Typical terrain of The Driftless Area as viewed from Wildcat Mountain State Park in Vernon County, Wisconsin Glacial map of the great lakes region. Areas with diagonal hatching were glaciated previously. Retreating glaciers leave behind material called drift composed of silt, clay, sand, gravel, and boulders. Glacial drift includes unsorted material called till and layers deposited by meltwater streams called outwash."The Driftless Area" , Minnesota Conservation Volunteer, March 2007 (popular article from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MDNR)), Retrieved July 7, 2007 While drift from early (pre-Illinoian) glaciations has been found in some parts of the region,"Yellow River State Forest" , Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR), Retrieved July 7, 2007Byron Crowns.
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Among the features left behind by the ice are the glaciated U-shaped valleys of the Lake District and erratics (blocks of rock) that have been transported by ice, including some from the Oslo region and deposited on the coast of Yorkshire. St Mary in the Marsh on the flat peat landscape of Romney Marsh Over the last twelve thousand years during the Holocene epoch the most significant new geological features have been the deposits of peat, as well as in coastal areas that have recently been artificially drained such as the Somerset Levels, The Fens and Romney Marsh. Since humans began clearing the forest during the New Stone Age, most of the land has now been deforested, speeding the natural processes of erosion.
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The montane zone extends from , followed by the sub-Alpine zone from . The Alpine zone, extending from tree line to snow line, is followed by the glacial zone, which covers the glaciated areas of the mountain. Climatic conditions show variances within the same zones; for example, weather conditions at the head of a mountain valley, extending directly from the peaks, are colder and more severe than those at the mouth of a valley which tend to be less severe and receive less snowfall.Viazzo (1980), 17 Various models of climate change have been projected into the 22nd century for the Alps, with an expectation that a trend toward increased temperatures will have an effect on snowfall, snowpack, glaciation, and river runoff.
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During the Last ice age, the Bale Mountains were one of the most extensively glaciated areas in present-day Ethiopia, with a total area of ice in Bale of approximately 180 km2. There was a 30 km2 ice cap around the peak of Tulu Dimtu (the second highest mountain in Ethiopia) on the Sanetti Plateau and individual glaciers of considerable thickness reached down to 3,200 meters. As a consequence, the landscape as we see it today is the lava outpourings much modified by over 20 million years of erosion by water, wind and ice. There are certain geological features that remain an enigma to geologists and glaciologists such as the striations that appear on shallow hillsides on the Sanetti Plateau.
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Map of the Caniapiscau Reservoir Caniapiscau Reservoir The natural lakes of the region were formed about nine thousand years ago as glaciers left Quebec after having scoured the Canadian Shield for ninety thousand years. The prototype of these lakes was an ice dam lake that drained southwards into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence at a time when areas further north (Nunavik) were still glaciated. As post-glacial rebound elevated the southern part of the Canadian Shield more rapidly than the north, the region began to drain northward into the Caniapiscau River, a tributary of the Koksoak River, and ultimately into Ungava Bay. Prior to impoundment, Lake Caniapiscau covered about and was frequented by hunters and fur traders in the 19th century.
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The U.S. section of the North Cascades and the adjoining Skagit Range in British Columbia are most notable for their dramatic scenery and challenging mountaineering, both resulting from their steep, rugged topography. While most of the peaks are under in elevation, the low valleys provide great local relief, often over . The summits of the rest of the Canadian Cascades are not glaciated in the same way and feature rock "horns" rising from plateau-like uplands, with the Manning Park and Cathedral Park areas known for their extensive alpine meadows, as is also the case with the eastern flank of the US portion of the range. Portions of the US side of the range are protected as part of North Cascades National Park.
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In the more maritime and generally wetter Russian Far East, Kamchatka, exposed during winter to moisture from the Aleutian Low, has much more extensive glaciation totaling around with 448 known glaciers as of 2010. Despite generally heavy winter snowfall and cool summer temperatures, the high summer rainfall of the more southerly Kuril Islands and Sakhalin in historic times melt rates have been too high for a positive mass balance even on the highest peaks. In the Chukotskiy Peninsula small alpine glaciers are numerous, but the extent of glaciation, though larger than further west, is much smaller than in Kamchatka, totaling around . Details on the retreat of Siberian and Russian Far East glaciers have been less adequate than in most other glaciated areas of the world.
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John Clarke, CM (February 25, 1945 - January 23, 2003) was a Canadian explorer, mountaineer, conservationist, and wilderness educator. He was born in Ireland to Brigit Ann Clarke (née Conway) and Thomas Kevin Clarke, and died in Vancouver, British Columbia of a brain tumor. From 1964 until his death in 2003 Clarke spent at least six months of each year on extended backcountry trips, usually into the Coast Mountains of British Columbia using the technique of dropping food caches from small planes along an intended route, then traveling that route for weeks at a time. His routes regularly led him along the high ridges and glaciated icefields of the west coast, and allowed him to make hundreds of first ascents of the many mountains along the way.
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The Siachen Glacier lies immediately south of the great drainage divide that separates the Eurasian Plate from the Indian subcontinent in the extensively glaciated portion of the Karakoram sometimes called the "Third Pole". The glacier lies between the Saltoro Ridge immediately to the west and the main Karakoram range to the east. The Saltoro Ridge originates in the north from the Sia Kangri peak on the China border in the Karakoram range. The crest of the Saltoro Ridge's altitudes range from 5,450 to 7,720 m (17,880 to 25,330 feet). The major passes on this ridge are, from north to south, Sia La at 5,589 m (18,336 ft), Bilafond La at 5,450 m (17,880 ft), and Gyong La at 5,689 m (18,665 ft).
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The original name was probably Dent d'Hérens, the actual name of the nearby Dent d'Hérens which does not overlook the Val d'Hérens. The nearby north face of the Dent d'Hérens is glaciated while the Dent Blanche holds much less snow, it was even called Dent Noire (Black Tooth) on the Woerl Atlas of 1842. In fact on older maps, in the area where lie both summits, only the name Weisszahnhorn (from German: White Tooth Peak) was indicated, the French name (Dent Blanche) appearing in 1820 only. Because cartographers usually made their observations far away from the mountainous remote areas and also because the Dent d'Hérens is sometime hidden behind the Dent Blanche thus less visible, the latter received the name.
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Bear with a salmon The islands of the Kodiak Archipelago have a subpolar oceanic climate with cool temperatures, overcast skies, fog, windy conditions and moderate to heavy precipitation throughout most of the year. Although the archipelago only covers about , a rich variety of topography and vegetation ranges from dense forests of Sitka spruce on the northern islands, to steep, glaciated mountains rising to Koniag Peak's along the central spine of Kodiak Island, to rolling hills and flat tundra on the south end of the archipelago. About 14,000 people live on the archipelago, primarily in and around the city of Kodiak and six outlying villages. Roads and other human alterations are generally limited to Afognak Island and the northeastern part of Kodiak Island.
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The Karakoram is in one of the world's most geologically active areas, at the plate boundary between the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate. A significant part, somewhere between 28 and 50 percent, of the Karakoram Range is glaciated covering an area of more than , compared to between 8 and 12 percent of the Himalaya and 2.2 percent of the Alps. Mountain glaciers may serve as an indicator of climate change, advancing and receding with long-term changes in temperature and precipitation. The Karakoram glaciers are slightly retreating, unlike the Himalayas where glaciers are losing mass at significantly higher rate, many Karakoram glaciers are covered in a layer of rubble which insulates the ice from the warmth of the sun.
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The Donner und Blitzen River is a river on the eastern Oregon high desert which drains a relatively arid basin, the southern portion of Harney Basin, from roughly 20 to 80 miles (30 to 130 km) south-southeast of Burns including Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Though much of its course is marsh, it offers scenic glaciated canyons, unique ecosystems, and exceptional wild trout fisheries. Named by soldiers of German origin, the Donner und Blitzen River translates as "thunder and lightning". The name usually brings to mind two of Santa Claus's reindeer, but the river is named for a thunderstorm the soldiers experienced as they crossed the river; dry lightning is an almost daily occurrence in the region during certain times of the year.
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She complains to the police and quickly encounters obstruction and hostility from the authorities and other sources. Working with Peter, a mechanic neighbour who had also known and liked Isaiah, and with whom she begins an affair despite her fear of dependency, Smilla discovers that there is a conspiracy centred on Gela Alta (a possible reference to the Latin verb gelo, "to freeze", and the places called Alta in North Norway or Alta Lake in Canada or the feminine Latin adjective alta, "high, deep"), an isolated glaciated island off Greenland. Previous expeditions have found something there (Isaiah’s father was a diver who died on one of them, allegedly in an accident) and now plans are afoot to return for it. Isaiah’s death is linked to this conspiracy in some way.
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After early research on petrology, Jamieson studied the glaciated rocks of Scotland, providing evidence for the then-fledgling theory of ice ages. Later work on marine sediments found above sea level in the Forth Valley convinced Jamieson that the area had once been beneath sea level, and that this was caused by the weight of glaciers depressing the land. While these views brought Jamieson into conflict with the prevailing orthodoxy of the Geological Survey of Scotland (now the British Geological Survey), he continued to elaborate them, identifying raised shorelines around Scotland at a series of elevations (7.6, 15.0 or 30.5 metres). Despite these efforts, and his election to the Geological Society of London in 1862, his views on the geological history of Scotland only gained full acceptance in the late 20th century.
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The Alpine orogeny caused extensive folding and faulting of Mesozoic and early Tertiary sediments from the Tethys geosyncline. The Tibetan and Mongolian plateaux, and the structural basins of Tarim, Qaidam, and Junggar, are delimited by major east–west lithospheric faults that were probably the results of stresses caused by the impact of the Indian Plate against Laurasia. Erosion of the mountains caused by this orogeny has created a large amount of sediment, which has been transported southwards to produce the alluvial plains of India, China, and Cambodia, and which has also been deposited in large amounts in the Tarim and Dzungarian basins. Northern Asia was glaciated in the Pleistocene, but this played a less significant part in the geology of the area compared to the part that it played in North America and Europe.
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Oceanic islands with glaciers include Iceland, several of the islands off the coast of Norway including Svalbard and Jan Mayen to the far north, New Zealand and the subantarctic islands of Marion, Heard, Grande Terre (Kerguelen) and Bouvet. During glacial periods of the Quaternary, Taiwan, Hawaii on Mauna Kea and Tenerife also had large alpine glaciers, while the Faroe and Crozet Islands were completely glaciated. The permanent snow cover necessary for glacier formation is affected by factors such as the degree of slope on the land, amount of snowfall and the winds. Glaciers can be found in all latitudes except from 20° to 27° north and south of the equator where the presence of the descending limb of the Hadley circulation lowers precipitation so much that with high insolation snow lines reach above .
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While these states are for the most part relatively flat, consisting either of plains or of rolling and small hills, there is a measure of geographical variation. In particular, the following areas exhibit a high degree of topographical variety: the eastern Midwest near the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains; the Great Lakes Basin; the heavily glaciated uplands of the North Shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota, part of the ruggedly volcanic Canadian Shield; the Ozark Mountains of southern Missouri; and the deeply eroded Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin, southeast Minnesota, northeast Iowa, and northwest Illinois. Proceeding westward, the Appalachian Plateau topography gradually gives way to gently rolling hills and then (in central Ohio) to flat lands converted principally to farms and urban areas. This is the beginning of the vast Interior Plains of North America.
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The Großer Möseler is part of the Zillertal main crest, a dominant mountain chain of peaks over 3,000 metres high. Its neighbouring summits are: the subpeak of Möselekopf (3,390 m) to the south and separated by the Westliche Möselescharte notch; the Breitnock (Dosso Largo, 3,215 m) further along the Southwest Arête and separated by Nöfes Saddle a crossing at 3,029 metres; the 3,188-metre-high Furtschaglspitze on the North Arête; and the 3,304-metre-high Roßruggspitze and the Turnerkamp (Cima di Campo, 3,418 m) to the east, separated by the 3,240-metre-high Östliche Möselescharte ("Eastern Mösele Notch"). The Möseler is surrounded by the glaciated areas of the Schlegeiskees and Furtschaglkees to the west, the Waxeckkees to the north and the West Nevesferner (Westlicher Nevesferner) and East Nevesferner (Östlichen Nevesferner) to the south.
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The origins of Wirksworth are thought to have depended on the presence of thermal warm water springs nearby,M. Wiltshire, 2016, "Wirksworth: A History", Bannister Publications (Chesterfield). coupled with a sheltered location at the head of a glaciated valley, capable of producing cereals such as oats and providing timber suitable for building. The area of Wirksworth in the White Peak is known for Neolithic and Bronze Age remains.C. R. Hart, 1984, "The North Derbyshire Archaeological Survey to AD 1500", Derbyshire Archaeological Society, pp. 17–68.Bar Moot hall on Chapel Lane Woolly rhino bones were found by lead miners in 1822 in Dream Cave, on private land between Wirksworth and present-day Carsington Water. A nearby cave at Carsington Pasture yielded prehistoric finds in the late 20th century.Wirksworth history site Retrieved 24 June 2018.
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For Anatolia this assumption is confirmed by concentrations of endemism on highly isolated and relatively old massifs such as Uludağ and Ilgaz Dağ, whereas very young volcanic cones such as Ercyes Dağ and Hassan Dağ are surprisingly poor in endemics.Gypsum hills south of Sivas: gypsum and serpentine areas are exceptionally rich in endemic species As local endemics take a long time to evolve, we also have to compare the history of the central and north European mountains with the Anatolian ones. During each of the glacial periods the former were covered by thick shields of permanent ice, which destroyed most pre-glacial endemism and hindered neo- endemics from forming. Only less glaciated, peripheral areas, the so-called “massifs de refuge”, offered suitable conditions for the survival of local endemics during glacial periods.
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Although no mass extinctions of marine diatoms have been observed during the Cenozoic, times of relatively rapid evolutionary turnover in marine diatom species assemblages occurred near the Paleocene–Eocene boundary, and at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. Further turnover of assemblages took place at various times between the middle Miocene and late Pliocene, in response to progressive cooling of polar regions and the development of more endemic diatom assemblages. A global trend toward more delicate diatom frustules has been noted from the Oligocene to the Quaternary. This coincides with an increasingly more vigorous circulation of the ocean's surface and deep waters brought about by increasing latitudinal thermal gradients at the onset of major ice sheet expansion on Antarctica and progressive cooling through the Neogene and Quaternary towards a bipolar glaciated world.
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Mount Adams is unique in that it is one of the only glaciated peaks situated on or to the west of the main divide that is accessible as a weekend trip from a west coast road end.FederatedMountain Clubs of New Zealand, FMC Bulletin July 2008, Number 176, The standard route to the summit starts from a hidden layby off SH6 and heads up Dry Creek/Little Man River to a steep spur where a marked route starts. The marked route ends at the bushline and the remainder of the climb is on tussock, rock, and eventually the summit ice cap glacier. Although this route is technically not difficult, it involves multiple river crossings, off track travel up Dry Creek/Little Man River and above the bushline, and glacial travel requiring an ice axe and crampons.
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The region in which the Mont Blanc massif is located has been occupied by humans for at least 70,000 years, although, as now—and because of the great height and glaciated nature of the mountains—only the lower parts of the valleys around its perimeter would have been inhabited or used as routes of communication. The Romans, who occupied the region 2,000 years ago, used the main valleys around the massif for military purposes. They gave the name Alpes Penninae, or Poeninae, to the highest parts of the Alpswhich extended from Mont Blanc to Monte Rosa. They took over Aosta from the Salassi Celtic tribe in 25 AD and engineered roads which extended northwards into Europe via the Great St Bernard Pass and the Little St Bernard Pass.
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A subglacial topographic model of the southern drainage area of the Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf system – results of an airborne ice thickness survey south of the Prince Charles Mountains. Terra Antarctica, 14, 85-94. The Amery Ice Shelf occupies a very large U-shaped valley with exposed nunataks along the flanks reaching 1500 m in elevation and total relief as high as 3000 m. Seaward of the Amery Ice Shelf, Prydz Bay shows bathymetry typical of glaciated margins with deeper water near the coast with a broad topographic basin, the Amery Depression that is around -700 m MSL along the front of the Amery Ice Shelf. The Amery Depression shoals gently to outer shelf banks around 100–200 m deep. The shelf break is at around 400–500 m.
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Formation of cirque. Rapid subglacial erosion produced overdeepenings, which have the glacier bed rising in the direction of the ice flow, may form in cirques near glacier heads. The concave amphitheatre shape is open on the downhill side corresponding to the flatter area of the stage, while the cupped seating section is generally steep cliff-like slopes down which ice and glaciated debris combine and converge from the three or more higher sides. The floor of the cirque ends up bowl shaped as it is the complex convergence zone of combining ice flows from multiple directions and their accompanying rock burdens, hence experiences somewhat greater erosion forces, and is most often scooped out somewhat below the level of cirque's low-side outlet (stage) and its down slope (backstage) valley.
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Köppen climate map of Afghanistan Afghanistan has a continental climate with harsh winters in the central highlands, the glaciated northeast (around Nuristan), and the Wakhan Corridor, where the average temperature in January is below and can reach , and hot summers in the low- lying areas of the Sistan Basin of the southwest, the Jalalabad basin in the east, and the Turkestan plains along the Amu River in the north, where temperatures average over in July and can go over . The country is generally arid in the summers, with most rainfall falling between December and April. The lower areas of northern and western Afghanistan are the driest, with precipitation more common in the east. Although proximate to India, Afghanistan is mostly outside the monsoon zone, apart from Nuristan Province which occasionally receives summer monsoon rain.
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Though the plot is a straightforward adventure, the book offers a subtle parody of American culture. For instance, the final President of the United States was the then- current governor Jerry Brown of California, who was a promising face in American politics at the time of the novel. His small, ironic role represents both the triumph and ultimate failure of West Coast liberalism of the late Cold War era: when faced with a massive ecological crisis that threatens (and indeed ultimately destroys) the nation, Brown's solution is to build a large youth center, a twice-life-size fiberglass replica of the Taj Mahal, and then abandons the country so he can devote himself to self-improvement. The novel states that Brown dies at age 114 in a Buddhist Monastery in a glaciated Japan.
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Sometimes considered a subfeature of the Mount Washington shield volcano, Hoodoo forms one of several glaciated remnants of Pleistocene volcanoes in the region, other nearby examples including Maxwell Butte and Cache Mountain. It is a cinder cone and possesses an intact summit crater, since the neighboring andesite lava dome of Hayrick Butte prevented Pleistocene glaciers from reaching Hoodoo's summit. The crater is open to the east as a result of its irregular topography, which led to uneven distribution of ejected material such that most of the volcanic rock that forms the edifice was deposited elsewhere. The cinder cone is surrounded by volcanic ash from the Sand Mountain Cones that was moved by water, and some of this ash forms a layer on the floor of the summit crater.
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Findings within the backdirt piles contained numerous finding characteristic of Late Woodland wares, including several Angelo Punctated sherds as well as pieces of Madison ware, characterized by a single cord-twist neck and three Madison Plain rims. Excavations also found one Aztalan Collard rim, which is ultimately dated somewhere between 1050 and 1150 A.D. and was relatively rare in the driftless area in which it was found despite being more common in the heavily glaciated southeastern Wisconsin. Middle Mississippian ceramics ceramics were also found, namely grit-tempered and shell-tempered rolled rims, the latter of which was found in both burnished and red-slipped varieties. The excavation ground itself contained mostly Angelo Punctated body sherds and rims, as well as pieces shell-tempered Middle Mississippian vessels including two Ramey Incised jars.
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Bergiselschanze ski jumping facility Due to its location between high mountains, Innsbruck serves as an ideal place for skiing in winter, ski- jumping and mountaineering in summer. There are several ski resorts around Innsbruck, with the Nordkette served by a cable car and additional chair lifts further up. Other ski resorts nearby include Axamer Lizum, Muttereralm, Patscherkofel, Igls, Seefeld, Tulfes and Stubai Valley. The glaciated terrain in the latter makes skiing possible even in summer months. The Winter Olympic Games were held in Innsbruck twice, first in 1964, then again in 1976, when Colorado voters rejected a bond referendum in 1972 to finance the Denver games, originally awarded in 1970. The 1976 Winter Olympics were the last games held in the German-speaking Alps (Austria, Germany, or Switzerland).
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The peak's name derives from the Spanish name form pico Falsa Aguja (False Needle Peak) that probably dates back to 1957,Helmet Peak. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer. (The narrative includes details of the origins of the place name pico Falsa Aguja misidentified as relating to Helmet Peak.) with ‘great’ becoming established in usage and considered more suitable than ‘false’ as this heavily glaciated, major peak could hardly be associated with the ‘true’ Needle Peak (pico Aguja), a sharp rocky peak of elevation just 370 m situated near Samuel Point 8 km away.L.L. Ivanov et al., Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands (from English Strait to Morton Strait, with illustrations and ice-cover distribution), 1:100000 scale topographic map, Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, Sofia, 2005.
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The Eiger is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, overlooking Grindelwald and Lauterbrunnen in the Bernese Oberland of Switzerland, just north of the main watershed and border with Valais. It is the easternmost peak of a ridge crest that extends across the Mönch to the Jungfrau at , constituting one of the most emblematic sights of the Swiss Alps. While the northern side of the mountain rises more than 3,000 m (10,000 ft) above the two valleys of Grindelwald and Lauterbrunnen, the southern side faces the large glaciers of the Jungfrau-Aletsch area, the most glaciated region in the Alps. The most notable feature of the Eiger is its nearly north face of rock and ice, named Eiger-Nordwand, Eigerwand or just Nordwand, which is the biggest north face in the Alps.
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Sunny Shore of Horseshoe Lake Peninsula Trail and Lake Sign The lake is popular for fishing, camping, and boating, and often clearly reflects Mount Adams. Adjacent Horseshoe Lake Campground is administered by the Cowlitz Ranger District of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest. The popular eleven-site campground features the Green Mountain Trail, which halfway circles the lake, offering more views of the mountain, and up to the top of Green Mountain, offering outstanding views of Mount Adams and its sheer, glaciated northwest face as well as Adams Glacier, the second largest glacier in the contiguous United States. The lake is a popular summer destination, and can be accessed via Primary Road 23, to Road 5601, and Road 2329 from Trout Lake at the southern side of Mount Adams.
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Stephen Cummings Porter (April 18, 1934 – February 19, 2015) was an American geologist who taught in the department of Geological Sciences (now called the department of Earth and Space Sciences) and directed the Quaternary Research Center at the University of Washington. He was chief editor of the journal Quaternary Research from 1976 until his retirement in 2001. He died in 2015 at the age of 80. Porter was well known for his work in glacial geology, and was a pioneer of the subject, particularly in China, which he visited for fieldwork and conferences more than 30 times over the course of his career.. He also did field work in several many and formerly glaciated areas around the world, including Alaska's Brooks Range, The Italian Alps, Chilean Andes, New Zealand Alps, Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, and Hawaii's Big Island.
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The water would have reached the Culebra Creek and eventually the Red River at La Junta Point; the Red River constituted the headwater of the Rio Grande during that time. The overflow of Lake Alamosa into the Rio Grande expanded its catchment by about -, adding the high, glaciated San Juan Mountains, Sangre de Cristo Mountains and Sawatch Range to its watershed. Water levels dropped quickly after the overflow began, preventing the formation of the repeated shorelines that are common at shrinking pluvial lakes where the decline in water levels is paced by evaporation. The decline probably was not as quick as during the Bonneville flood of Lake Bonneville, another example of a lake overflow event in North America, as the rocks at Lake Alamosa were more solid and there is no clear indication of a catastrophic overflow flood.
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Both these effects return carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, reversing the "snowball" effect and forcing greenhouse warming, with CO2 levels rising to 300 ppm in the following Permian period. Over a longer period the evolution of termites, whose stomachs provided an anoxic environment for methanogenic lignin-digesting bacteria, prevented further burial of carbon, returning carbon to the air as the greenhouse gas methane. Once these factors brought a halt and a small reversal in the spread of ice sheets, the lower planetary albedo resulting from the fall in size of the glaciated areas would have been enough for warmer summers and winters and thus limit the depth of snowfields in areas from which the glaciers expanded. Rising sea levels produced by global warming drowned the large areas of flatland where previously anoxic swamps assisted in burial and removal of carbon (as coal).
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In females, the ductus bursae is kinked at the junction of the forward (membranous) and hind (sclerotized) parts, with a particularly heavy sclerotized triangle bearing small teeth half-hidden in the kink.Clarke (1986) They are common across the world's continents except in deserts, on high mountains, and in glaciated areas. In addition, they are apparently even able to disperse over water well, as evidenced by the Polynesian radiations which occur mainly from Hawaiian Islands to the Austral Islands as well as on New Zealand; several of these island endemics might nowadays be rare or extinct due to disappearance of their food plants, but overall the genus is not yet very well studied. As far as is known, the caterpillar larvae of most Eudonia feed on mosses, namely of subclasses Bryidae and Dicranidae; some also eat lichen.
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This makes a large difference between the south, where the lateral short valleys descend abruptly into the deep trench forming the valley of the Rhône and the north, where the Bernese Alps extends through a great part of the canton of Bern (Bernese Oberland), throwing out branches to the west into the adjoining cantons of Vaud and Fribourg. There the mountains progressively become lower and disappear into the hilly Swiss Plateau.John Ball, The Alpine guide, Central Alps, 1866, London The north face of Fiescherhorn with the Finsteraarhorn in the back (left) The main chain west of Gemmi Pass consists mainly of a few large prominent summits (as the Wildhorn) slightly above , generally covered by glaciers. On the eastern part, the main chain became suddenly wider and the peaks reach over , in the most glaciated part of the Alps.
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In geology, the effect is common in formerly glaciated areas such as New England and areas in regions of permafrost where the landscape is shaped into hummocks by frost heave — new stones appear in the fields every year from deeper underground. Horace Greeley noted "Picking stones is a never-ending labor on one of those New England farms. Pick as closely as you may, the next plowing turns up a fresh eruption of boulders and pebbles, from the size of a hickory nut to that of a tea-kettle." excerpt from Recollections of a Busy Life , by Horace Greeley 1869 A hint to the cause appears in his further description that "this work is mainly to be done in March or April, when the earth is saturated with ice-cold water". Underground water freezes, lifting all particles above it.
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Comparative analysis of indigenous religious beliefs across South America have led academics to suspect that the first Paleo-Indian colonists of the continent would have believed in a multi-layered universe in which the Earth was suspended between a celestial outer sphere and a cavernous inner sphere. There would have been strong taboos against incest, something that would have prevented inbreeding (a particular problem amongst the genetic homogeneity of the Indigenous South Americans), and instead marriage was controlled by social conventions, such as the development of moiety systems of societal duality.Moseley 2001. p. 88. The first pioneers in South America, migrating down south from the Isthmus of Panama, would likely have avoided the largely mountainous Andean region, because the upper Cordillera was glaciated, cold and sparsely vegetated, making life there difficult, whilst these early populations would have suffered from hypoxia.
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4000 BC, and putting less insistence on their violent or quasi-military nature, essentially modified Gimbutas' theory making it compatible with a less gender-political narrative. David Anthony, focusing mostly on the evidence for the domestication of horses and the presence of wheeled vehicles, came to regard specifically the Yamna culture, which replaced the Sredny Stog culture around 3500 BC, as the most likely candidate for the Proto-Indo-European speech community. Anthony describes the spread of cattle-raising from early farmers in the Danube Valley into the Ukrainian steppes in the 6th–5th millennium BC, forming a cultural border with the hunter-gatherers whose languages may have included archaic PIE. Anthony notes that domesticated cattle and sheep probably didn't enter the steppes from the Transcaucasia, since the early farming communities there were not widespread, and separated from the steppes by the glaciated Caucasus.
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Dating the initial coastal migration is challenging because of the flooding of early settlement sites by the rise of the eustatic sea level accompanying deglaciation. Dates for sites such as ones at Ground Hog Bay in SE Alaska (10.2 ka) and Namu, about 800 km south of Ground Hog Bay near modern Bella Coola (9.7 ka) thus represent early mainland settlement above the present-day sea level after earlier waterborne migration while the sea level was lower and the coastal mainland was still glaciated. Full understanding of the initial migration requires careful reconstruction of the land and ecological resources available to the migrants in their contemporary environment. Evidence from Southeast Alaska and Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands) in British Columbia, provides some data about food and land resources during early settlement. Fedje and Christensen (1999:642) have identified several sites on Haida Gwaii that date to post 9ka.
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The Coast Mountains are also part of the American Cordilleraa Spanish term for an extensive chain of mountain rangesthat consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western backbone of North America, Central America, South America and Antarctica. The Coast Mountains are approximately long and average in width. The range's southern and southeastern boundaries are surrounded by the Fraser River and the Interior Plateau while its far northwestern edge is delimited by the Kelsall and Tatshenshini Rivers at the north end of the Alaska Panhandle, beyond which are the Saint Elias Mountains, and by Champagne Pass in the Yukon Territory.S. Holland, Landforms of British Columbia, Province of British Columbia, 1976, pp 41 map from Bulletin 48: Landforms of British Columbia Covered in dense temperate rainforest on its western exposures, the range rises to heavily glaciated peaks, including the largest temperate-latitude ice fields in the world.
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The Upper Midwest and Great Lakes region of North America was repeatedly covered by advancing and retreating glaciers throughout this period. The Driftless Area escaped much of the scouring and depositional action by the continental glaciers that occurred during the last ice age, which created significant differences in the topography and drainage patterns within the unglaciated area compared to adjacent glaciated regions. The region has been subjected to large floods from the melting Laurentide Ice Sheet and subsequent catastrophic discharges from its proglacial lakes, such as Glacial Lake Wisconsin, Glacial Lake Agassiz, Glacial Lake Grantsburg, and Glacial Lake Duluth. The last phases of the Wisconsin Glaciation involved several major lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: the Des Moines lobe, which flowed down toward Des Moines on the west; the Superior lobe and its sublobes on the north; and the Green Bay lobe and Lake Michigan lobes on the east.
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The Diablerets massif from the north including the Oldehore (left), the Scex Rouge (centre) and the main summit (right) The main summit from the southeast side Along with the Muverans, the Wildhorn and the Wildstrubel, the Diablerets are one of the four distinct and glaciated massifs of the Bernese Alps that lie between the Rhone elbow and the Gemmi Pass. The main section of the mountain, between the cantons of Vaud and Valais, is part of the Rhone basin, through the rivers Grande Eau (north) and Lizerne (south). The easternmost part of the massif, that lies in the canton of Bern, is part of the Rhine basin, through the river Sarine (French, Saane in German). The Oldehore (Swiss German, Germanized: Oldenhorn) is the tripoint of the three cantons of Vaud, Valais and Bern, and several of the peaks have a German as well as a French name.
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They suggest that the adjacent parts of the prehistoric Antarctic Peninsula were covered by forests that grew in a cool and moist, high-latitude environment during the early Eocene. During the Cenozoic climatic cooling, the Antarctic Peninsula was the last region of Antarctica to have been fully glaciated according to current research. As a result, this region was probably the last refugium for plants and animals that had inhabited Antarctica after it separated from the Gondwanaland supercontinent. Analysis of paleontologic, stratigraphic, and sedimentologic data acquired from the study of drill core and seismic acquired during the Shallow Drilling on the Antarctic Continental Shelf (SHALDRIL) and other projects and from fossil collections from and rock outcrops within Alexander, James Ross, King George, Seymour, and South Shetland Islands has yielded a record of the changes in terrestrial vegetation that occurred within the Antarctic Peninsula over the course of the past 37 million years.
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Takhlakh Lake between the Trees The lake is popular for fishing, camping, and photography, often clearly reflecting Mount Adams. Adjacent Takhlakh Lake Campground is administered by the Cowlitz Ranger District of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest. The popular campground features a boat ramp and wheelchair-accessible Takhlakh Loop Trail #134, which encircles the lake, offering more views of the mountain, and accesses the Takh Takh Meadows Interpretive Trail #136 (foot only) that climbs up into the edge of the Takh Takh Lava Flow and Takh Takh Meadows, offering outstanding views of Mount Adams and its sheer, glaciated northwest face as well as Adams Glacier, the second largest glacier in the contiguous United States. The lake is a very popular summer destination, and can be accessed via Primary Road 23, to Road 5601, and Road 2329 from Trout Lake at the southern side of Mount Adams.
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The last glacial period is the best-known part of the current ice age, and has been intensively studied in North America, northern Eurasia, the Himalaya and other formerly glaciated regions around the world. The glaciations that occurred during this glacial period covered many areas, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere and to a lesser extent in the Southern Hemisphere. They have different names, historically developed and depending on their geographic distributions: Fraser (in the Pacific Cordillera of North America), Pinedale (in the Central Rocky Mountains), Wisconsinan or Wisconsin (in central North America), Devensian (in the British Isles), Midlandian (in Ireland), Würm (in the Alps), Mérida (in Venezuela), Weichselian or Vistulian (in Northern Europe and northern Central Europe), Valdai in Russia and Zyryanka in Siberia, Llanquihue in Chile, and Otira in New Zealand. The geochronological Late Pleistocene includes the late glacial (Weichselian) and the immediately preceding penultimate interglacial (Eemian) period.
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A forest in SichuanBamboo forest in Lushan, China1000-year-old Cercidiphyllum japonicumThe Eastern Asiatic Region (also known as Oriasiaticum, Sino-Japanese Region, East Asian Region, Temperate Eastern Region) is the richest floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom and situated in temperate East Asia. It has been recognized as a natural floristic area since 1872 August Grisebach's volume Die Vegetation der Erde and later delineated by such geobotanists as Ludwig Diels, Adolf Engler (as Temperate Eastern region), Ronald Good (as Sino-Japanese Region) and Armen Takhtajan. The Eastern Asiatic Region is dominated by very old lineages of gymnosperms and woody plant families and is thought to be the cradle of the Holarctic flora. Moreover, this floristic region wasn't significantly glaciated in the Pleistocene, and many relict Tertiary genera (such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, ancestors of which were once common throughout the Northern Hemisphere up to subpolar latitudes) found refuge here.
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Antarctic Tern, one of the species for which the Important Bird Area Byers Peninsula merits protection Except for its offshore islets and rocks, in 2016 Ivanov Beach was incorporated in an enlarged Antarctic Specially Protected Area ASPA 126 Byers Peninsula, and further designated within it as a restricted zone of scientific importance to Antarctic microbiology, with greater restriction placed on access with the aim of preventing microbial or other contamination by human activity. Inland from the beach, the restricted zone includes also the northern part of the ridge Urvich Wall, and the adjacent glaciated area on the west and northwest slopes of Rotch Dome bounded on the east by longitude 60°53′45″W, on the south by latitude 62°38′30″S and on the west by longitude 60°58′48″W.Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 126 Byers Peninsula. Measure 4 (2016), ATCM XXXIX Final Report.
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Avery also made attempts on Artesonraju in Peru in 1997 (the mountain in the Paramount Pictures logo), Aconcagua in Argentina in 1998 and Cho Oyu in September 2006, when alongside teammate Kenton Cool he was aiming to be the first Briton to ski down an 8,000-metre peak. Avery was forced to turn back at approximately 6,500 metres after suffering a retinal hemorrhage, whilst Cool went on to summit and ski back down. In 2000 Avery completed the Haute Route alpine traverse on skis, and in 2002, whilst training for the South Pole, he and his teammates made the first ski descent of the western (Melchior) breach of the Franz Josef Glacier in New Zealand's, Southern Alps, naming the route Sandfly. In 2006, Avery led the first British team ever to complete the Patrouille des Glaciers, the largest ski mountaineering race in the World, involving 4,000 metres of both ascent and descent over 53 km of glaciated terrain between Zermatt and Verbier.
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Thompson Peak has an unnamed glacial lake in the cirque just northeast of its peak Sawtooth National Forest has a history of alpine glaciation that is most obvious in the Sawtooth Mountains, and while no surface glaciers exist today, perennial snow fields and rock glaciers remain, usually on north or east facing slopes. There have been 202 perennial snow fields mapped in the Sawtooth Mountains, and while none have been mapped elsewhere on the forest, some may still exist in the Boulder, Pioneer, and White Cloud Mountains. The Sawtooth Mountains were last extensively glaciated in the Pleistocene, but glaciers probably existed during the Little Ice Age, which ended around 1850 AD. Evidence of past glaciation is abundant in the Sawtooth, White Cloud, Boulder, and Smoky mountains, as well as the north and east-facing slopes of the Albion, Raft River, and Soldier mountains. Remnants of the glaciers include glacial lakes, moraines, horns, hanging valleys, cirques, and arêtes.
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The Western System comprises the Coast Mountains, the Canadian portion of the Cascade Mountains (known in the US as the Cascade Range), the southeasternmost Saint Elias Mountains and the Coastal Trough, which includes the Georgia Depression and its subunit the Fraser Lowland and other low-lying coastal areas. The Western Mountain System's Coast Mountains are the westernmost range of the Pacific Cordillera, running along the western shore of the North American continent, extending south from the Alaska Panhandle and covering most of coastal British Columbia. The range is covered in dense temperate rainforest on its western exposures, the range rises to heavily glaciated peaks, including the largest temperate-latitude icefields in the world, and then tapers to the dry Interior Plateau on its eastern flanks, or to the subarctic boreal forest of the Skeena Mountains and Stikine Plateau. Mount Waddington (4016 m) is the highest mountain within B.C. and Fairweather Mountain in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains on the B.C. and Alaska border has the highest point.
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The inhabitants of the Huasco valley, a semi-arid region, depend on water resources from the upper catchments in high-altitude Andes glaciers which contribution to the discharge of two Huasco River headwaters: the Estrecho River and the Potrerillos River which arise from two small neighboring catchments, they actually belong to two major subcatchments of the Huasco Basin. A collaborative study between the Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA) and the Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement (LGGE) investigated the glacier contribution to the Huasco River basins by two glaciated headwater catchments which included the monitoring of five Andean glaciers (Toro 1, Toro 2, Esperanza, Guanaco, Estrecho and Ortigas) between 2003/2004 and 2007/2008 hydrological years. The Andean "glaciers accelerated retreat" represents a "striking example of climate change impacts." Concerns were raised by Sustainable Chile Program president, Sara Larraín, a Chilean politician and environmentalist who ran for president in 1999 presidential election, that the Andean glaciers, particularly Toro 1, Toro 2 and Esperanza, were endangered by the Pascua Lama project.
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The De Long Islands were once major hills within the Great Arctic Plain that once formed the northern part of Late Pleistocene “Beringia” between Siberia and Alaska during the Last Glacial Maximum (Late Weichselian Epoch). These islands are what remains of about of the formally subaerial Great Arctic Plain that now lies submerged below the Arctic Ocean and East Siberian Sea. At this plain's greatest extent during the Last Glacial Maximum, sea level was 100–120 m below modern sea level and the coastline was located north of its current position. This plain was neither extensively glaciated during the Late Pleistocene nor during the Last Glacial Maximum because it lay in the rain shadow of the Northern European ice sheet. The Great Arctic Plain was submerged, except for the New Siberian and other isolated islands, within a relatively short time span of 7,000 years during the Early-Middle Holocene.Anisimov, M.A., and V.E. Tumskoy, 2002, Environmental History of the Novosibirskie Islands for the last 12 ka. 32nd International Arctic Workshop, Program and Abstracts 2002. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, pp 23–25.
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