394 Sentences With "gentes" | Random Sentence Generator

From left: James Gentes, Mark Silliman, and Robert Kieffer From left: James Gentes, Mark Silliman, and Robert Kieffer So the whole thing began in February as something of a lark, perhaps to fill the rainy winter days of Bend, Oregon, where the company is based.

"I laughed so hard," said Christine Gentes, who was visiting the Garden from Chicago with her daughter and sister.

The Latin text of Byrd's "Deus venerunt gentes" contains references to "the heathen [who] have set foot in thy domain".

Security head James Gentes sold his analytics company The Social Business last year, as well, and backend engineer Robert Kieffer was part of Zenbe, which Facebook bought in 2010.

Por otro lado, Renán Arango escribió un correo electrónico en el que sostiene que toda la responsabilidad no recae exclusivamente en los países de América Latina y afirma que, por ejemplo, los medios estadounidenses "nunca dicen o explican cómo gentes con un ínfima estructura superan las defensas de una superpotencia mundial".

Explicó que la nueva guerrilla no practicaría "retenciones con fines económicos", que es como las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Farc) hablaron durante años del crimen cruel y deleznable del secuestro; explicó que dialogarían con "gentes pudientes del país para buscar por esa vía su contribución", lo cual no es más que una extorsión anunciada.

MVLL: Porque yo tengo.. Mire yo creo que el gran peligro en nuestra época es el nacionalismo, ya no es el facismo, no es el comunismo, esas ideologías han quedado completamente desfasadas, pero en cambio el nacionalismo es una tara que está siempre viva en el fondo y sobre todo en los momentos de crisis puede ser muy fácilmente explotada, por demagogos, por gentes ávidas de poder.

Numerous sources describe two classes amongst the patrician gentes, known as the gentes maiores, or major gentes, and the gentes minores, or minor gentes. No definite information has survived concerning which families were numbered amongst the gentes maiores, or even how many there were. However, they almost certainly included the Aemilii, Claudii, Cornelii, Fabii, Manlii, and Valerii. Nor is it certain whether this distinction was of any practical importance, although it has been suggested that the princeps senatus, or speaker of the Senate, was usually chosen from their number.

Working with already well-formed categories, he carefully distinguished ius inter gentes from ius intra gentes. Ius inter gentes (which corresponds to modern international law) was something common to the majority of countries, although, being positive law, not natural law, it was not necessarily universal. On the other hand, ius intra gentes, or civil law, is specific to each nation.

Francisco Suárez subdivided the concept of ius gentium. Working with already well-formed categories, he carefully distinguished ius inter gentes from ius intra gentes. Ius inter gentes (which corresponds to modern international law) was something common to the majority of countries, although being positive law, not natural law, was not necessarily universal. On the other hand, ius intra gentes, or civil law, is specific to each nation.

Cicero described the history of the Papirii to his friend, Papirius Paetus, a plebeian member of the family, who was unaware of the patrician origin of the family. According to Cicero, the Papirii were one of the gentes minores, the lesser of two divisions made amongst the patrician gentes at Rome.Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, ix. 21. The gentes maiores were the greatest or most noble patrician houses, while the rest of the patrician families made up the gentes minores.

Hanlon is married to Gail Gentes. They have three children.

Gentes Herbariorum 2:143-156.Lee, T. 1985. Illustrated Flora of Korea. Hyangmunsa, Seoul.

The species was formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1943, in Gentes Herbarum.

Moore, H. E. Jr. 1953. The genus Milla (Amaryllidaceae–Allieae) and its allies. Gentes Herb. 8: 262–294.

This prevents most incestuous relationships. The separation of the patriarchal and matriarchal lines divided a family into gentes. Interbreeding was forbidden within gens (anthropology), although first cousins from separate gentes could still breed. In the pairing family, the first indications of pairing are found in families where the husband has one primary wife.

Arnobius of Sicca, Vol. 1: > The Case Against the Pagans. Paulist Press, 2002.Arnobii disputationum > adversus gentes: libri octo 4.9.

Veitchia winin is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in Vanuatu.H.E.Moore, Gentes Herb. 8: 499 (1957).

1212, 1213 ("Numa Pompilius"). A common practice in the later Republic was for gentes to claim descent from figures associated with the founding of Rome, the companions of Aeneas, or individuals who lived in the time of the kings. At least five prominent gentes claimed descent from Numa Pompilius, but if the Pompilii themselves did so, that tradition has not survived.Livy, i. 20.

Tarquinius increased the number of senators from two to three hundred or according to other sources by the double. He divided them into gentes maiores and gentes minores. He established the Roman games, doubled the number of the curiae and introduced differences of dressing for the different classes. He added two Vestals to the original four and introduced the calendar of twelve months.

He also coined the words "cultivar",Bailey, L.H. (1923). Various cultigens, and transfers in nomenclature. Gentes Herb. 1: 113-136 "cultigen",Bailey, L.H. (1918).

347, 348. Several other gentes obtained their nomina in this way, including the Quinctii from Quintus, the Sextii from Sextus, and the Octavii from Octavius.

Inde adcreuerunt gentes XIII. Primus Erminus genuit Gothos, Walagothos, Wandalos, Gepedeos, et Saxones. Inguo genuit Burgundiones, Turingos, Langobardos, Baioarios. Istio genuit Romanes, Brittones, Francos, Alamannos.

42, no. 6, 1991, pp. 339–347. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27661993. The encyclical is a successor to Vatican II documents including Lumen gentium and Ad gentes.

Side b Contributions to be made by two gentes to the brethren, and portions of flesh to be awarded them by the brethren on the decurial festival.

Chase, pp. 154, 155. Other gentes were derived from the same praenomen using different forms; the most famous was the gens Servilia, prominent throughout Roman history.Chase, p. 125.

In animal behaviour, a gens (pl. gentes) or host race is a host-specific lineage of a brood parasite species. Brood parasites such as cuckoos, which use multiple host species to raise their chicks, evolve different gentes, each one specific to its host species. This specialisation allows the parasites to lay eggs that mimic those of their hosts, which in turn reduces the chances of the eggs being rejected by the hosts.

Arnobius, an early 4th century Christian apologist, says that Dionysus' severed parts were "thrown into pots that he might be cooked".Arnobius, Adversus Gentes 5.19 (p. 242) (= Orphic fr. 34 Kern).

Arms of the Colclough family in St. Iberius Church, Wexford. Arms: Argent, five eaglets displayed in cross sable. Crest: A demi eagle displayed sable ducally gorged or. Motto: His calcabo gentes.

Louis considered the gens romana (Roman people) to be the people who lived in the city of Rome, which he saw as having been deserted by the Byzantine Empire. All gentes could be ruled by a basileus in Louis's mind and as he pointed out, the title (which had originally simply meant "king") had been applied to other rulers in the past (notably Persian rulers). Furthermore, Louis disagreed with the notion that someone of a gens could not become the Roman emperor. He considered the gentes of Hispania (the Theodosian dynasty), Isauria (the Isaurian dynasty) and Khazaria (Leo IV) as all having provided emperors, though the Byzantines themselves would have seen all of these as Romans and not as peoples of gentes.

The name was later used as a cognomen in many families. It was not normally abbreviated, but is sometimes found with the abbreviation Paul.Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & MythologyMika Kajava, Roman Female Praenomina: Studies in the Nomenclature of Roman Women (1994) The masculine praenomen Paullus was not widely used at Rome, but was used by gentes Aemilia and Fabia, which also used it as a cognomen. Both gentes had a long history of using rare and archaic praenomina.

The name gave rise to the patronymic gens Opiternia, and perhaps also gens Opetreia.RE.Kajava. The praenomen Opiter was used by the patrician gentes Verginia and Lucretia, and several prominent members of these gentes with this name held important magistracies during the first two centuries of the Republic. The name must also have been used at one time by the ancestors of gens Opiternia. As with other rare praenomina, Opiter may have been more frequently used in the countryside.

In the latter part of the Republic, it was common for various gentes to claim descent from the founding figures of Rome; the companions of Aeneas, Romulus, or those who came to Rome in the time of the kings. The Pomponii claimed to be descended from Pompo, one of the sons of Numa Pompilius, the second King of Rome, whose image appears on some of their coins. Several other gentes also claimed Numa as their ancestor.Livy, i. 20.

Some ancient sources say the novensiles are nine in number, leading to both ancient and modern identifications with other divine collectives numbering nine, such as the nine Etruscan deities empowered to wield thunderManilius, as noted by Arnobius, Adversus gentes 38–39; mentioned also, though not labeled as novensiles, by Pliny, Natural History 2.52. or with the Muses.Granius Flaccus and Aelius Stilo, as cited by Arnobius, Adversus gentes 38. The name is thus sometimes spelled Novemsiles or Novemsides.

Ad gentes is the Second Vatican Council's decree on missionary activity. The title is Latin for "To the Nations," and is from the first line of the decree, as is customary with Roman Catholic documents. It establishes evangelization as one of the fundamental missions of the Catholic Church and reaffirms the tie between evangelization and charity for the poor. Ad Gentes also calls for the formation of strong Christian communities as well as strong relations with other Christians.

Republican candidate Dan Duffy of Lake Barrington defeated Bill Gentes, the mayor of Round Lake, in the November 4, 2008 election. Peterson is the longtime Supervisor for Vernon Township in Lake County, Illinois.

The gens Manilia was derived from the same name, and its members are frequently confused with the Manlii, as are the Mallii. However, Manius was not used by any of the Manlii in historical times. The Manlii were probably numbered amongst the gentes maiores, the greatest of the patrician families. As with many patrician gentes, the Manlii seem to have acquired plebeian branches as well, and one of the family was tribune of the plebs in the time of Cicero.

139; Lucretius, 4.1168–1169. Arnobius, Adversus Gentes 3.10 (p. 157) referring to the Lucretius verse, lists "the full-breasted Cerses nursing Iaccus" as a sight "the mind longs" to see. Compare with Photius, s.v.

The nomen Numonius belongs to a class of gentilicia ending in -onius, typical of plebeian gentes, or those of Oscan origin. It is likely based on the cognomen nummus, "money".Chase, pp. 118, 119.

Some authorities consider it a subspecies of Cucurbita okeechobeensis. When the species was formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1943, in Gentes Herbarum, Bailey only had one specimen without flowers or roots to work with.

It gave rise to the patronymic gentes Proculeia and Procilia, and later became a common cognomen, or surname. The feminine form is Procula. The name was not regularly abbreviated.Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & MythologyRealencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft.

Andrew A. Gentes, "Other Decembrists: The Chizov Case and Lutskii Affair As Signifiers of The Decembrists in Siberia," Slavonica, Vol. 13, No. 2, (2007): 140 Fifteen out of 124 Decembrists were convicted of "state-crimes" by the Supreme Criminal Court, and sentenced to "exile-to- settlement." Andrew A. Gentes, "Other Decembrists: The Chizov Case and Lutskii Affair as Signifiers of The Decembrists in Siberia," Slavonica, Vol. 13, No. 2, (2007): 135 These men were sent directly to isolated locales, such as Berezov, Narym, Surgut, Pelym, Irkutsk, Yakutsk, and Viliuisk, among others.

Most gentes regularly employed a limited number of personal names, or praenomina, the selection of which helped to distinguish members of one gens from another. Sometimes different branches of a gens would vary in their names of choice. The most conservative gentes would sometimes limit themselves to three or four praenomina, while others made regular use of six or seven. There were two main reasons for this limited selection: first, it was traditional to pass down family names from one generation to the next; such names were always preferred.

In this case, Septimuleius might be cognate with the patronymic nomen Septimius.Chase, pp. 131, 150, 151. The suffix ' was typically associated with gentes from Picenum and neighboring regions, which would be consistent with an Oscan or Umbrian origin.

Michael Crawford likewise favours a depiction of the Dioscuri, instead of Fontus, as they appear on other coins of the Fonteii.Marcus Tullius Cicero, Pro Fonteio 14.Arnobius, Adversus Gentes iii. 29.Jean Foy-Vaillant, Numismata Imperatorum Romanorum (1674).

The Stenii used a variety of common praenomina, chiefly Lucius, Gaius, Publius, and Gnaeus. At least two of them bore the more distinctive praenomen Numerius, which was common in gentes of Oscan origin, but relatively scarce at Rome.

It produces an edible red berry.Bailey, Liberty Hyde. 1923. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 1(4): 150–151 It has been commercially cultivated to a limited extent in Australia as a cool season punnet fruit.

The Maenii of the Republic definitely used the praenomina Gaius, Publius, Titus, and Quintus, all of which were very common names throughout Roman history. Individuals named Marcus and Lucius probably belonged to other gentes, whose nomina have been confused with Maenius.

Led by Jacques Gentes, the new arrivals began cultivating cacao. However, the settlement was attacked by Caribs in 1656 and briefly abandoned.Reinhard H. Luthin, 'St. Bartholomew: Sweden's Colonial and Diplomatic Adventure in the Caribbean' in The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol.

On the left, Emperor Constantine IX is identified as "faithful in Christ the God, Emperor of the Romans". References to the Romans as a gens, like the Barbarian gentes, begin to appear around the time of Justinian's conquests. Priscian, a grammarian who was born in Roman North Africa and later lived in Constantinople during the late 5th century and early 6th century, refers in his work to the existence of a gens Romana. Letters written by the Frankish king Childebert II to Emperor Maurice in Constantinople in the 580s talk of the peace between the two "gentes of the Franks and the Romans".

From this celebration several whole communities were sent on mission, along with itinerant catechists, mission families, and the Missio Ad Gentes (a newer form of mission that sends three to five families to a particular area at the request of the bishop).

Cucurbita kellyana is a plant species of the genus Cucurbita. It is native to the Pacific coast of Mexico. It is part of the Cucurbita argyrosperma species group. The species was formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1948, in Gentes Herbarum.

Elaeis oleifera is a species of palm commonly called the American oil palm. It is native to South and Central America from Honduras to northern Brazil.Bailey, Liberty Hyde. 1933. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 3(2): 59, f.

Festus, s. v. Opiter. If Chase is correct, then Opiter is probably derived from the same root as the names of the plebeian gentes Opimia and Opisia, and may be the Latin cognate of the Oscan praenomen Oppius or Oppiis, as well as gens Oppia.

In the Second Vatican Council, Paul VI promulgated the decree Ad gentes, teaching that inculturation imitates the "economy of Incarnation".Walker, C. (2009). Missionary Pope: The Catholic Church and the Positive Elements of Other Religions in the Magisterium of Paul VI. IVE Press, New York. .

Bailey LH. 1930. Three discussions in Cucurbitaceae. Gentes Herbarum 2: 175–186. Molecular data including sequences from the original collection of Thunberg and other relevant type material, show that the sweet watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.) and the bitter wooly melon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum.

The Papirii Crassi appear almost simultaneously with the Mugillani, and remained a distinct family down to the Second Samnite War. Their surname, Crassus, which means "thick" or "fat", was common to a number of prominent gentes, including the Claudii and the Licinii.Chase, p. 110.

11, 13.Livy, ii. 46, 47. One of the thirty-five voting tribes into which the Roman people were divided was named after the Fabii; several tribes were named after important gentes, including the tribes Aemilia, Claudia, Cornelia, Fabia, Papiria, Publilia, Sergia, and Veturia.

Cucurbita moorei is a plant species of the genus Cucurbita. It is native to the vicinity of Ixmiquilpan, Mexico. It has dark green leaves with white markings and orange flowers. The species was formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1948, in Gentes Herbarum.

Although originally a personal name, the cognomen frequently became hereditary, especially in large families, or gentes, in which they served to identify distinct branches, known as stirpes. Some Romans had more than one cognomen, and in aristocratic families it was not unheard of for individuals to have as many as three, of which some might be hereditary and some personal. These surnames were initially characteristic of patrician families, but over time cognomina were also acquired by the plebeians. However, a number of distinguished plebeian gentes, such as the Antonii and the Marii, were never divided into different branches, and in these families cognomina were the exception rather than the rule.

The sacra publica were undertaken pro populo, i.e., collectively, (1) by the curia, pagi, or vici, into which the community was divided, whence such sacrifices were called sacra popularia; or (2) by the individual gentes and societies, i.e., the sodalitas, to which the superintendence of a particular cult had been committed by the State; or (3) by the magistrates and priests of the Roman State. The sacra of the gentes were with few exceptions performed in public, though the multitude present remained silent spectators; only in a few cases they took part in the procession to the place of worship or in the sacrificial feast.

340, 341. As a result of the end of the patrician monopoly on senior magistracies, many small patrician gentes faded into history during the 4th and 3rd centuries due to the lack of available positions; the Verginii, Horatii, Menenii, Cloelii all disappear, even the Julii entered a long eclipse. They were replaced by plebeian aristocrats, of whom the most emblematic were the Caecilii Metelli, who received 18 consulships until the end of the Republic; the Domitii, Fulvii, Licinii, Marcii, or Sempronii were as successful. About a dozen remaining patrician gentes and twenty plebeian ones thus formed a new elite, called the nobiles, or Nobilitas.

The family is generally thought to have been counted amongst the gentes maiores, the most prominent of the patrician houses at Rome, together with the Aemilii, Claudii, Cornelii, Manlii, and Valerii; but no list of the gentes maiores has survived, and even the number of families so designated is a complete mystery. Until 480 BC, the Fabii were staunch supporters of the aristocratic policies favoring the patricians and the senate against the plebs. However, following a great battle that year against the Veientes, in which victory was achieved only by cooperation between the generals and their soldiers, the Fabii aligned themselves with the plebs.Dionysius, ix.

The gens Opiternia was a Faliscan family occurring in Roman history. The nomen Opiternius is a patronymic surname, derived from the ancient praenomen Opiter, as is the related Opetreius, and perhaps shares a common root with the nomina of the gentes Oppia and Opsia.Chase, pp. 148, 149.

Cucurbita palmeri is a plant species of the genus Cucurbita. It is native to the Pacific coast of northwestern Mexico to Nicaragua. It is closely related to Cucurbita argyrosperma and Cucurbita sororia. The species was formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1943, in Gentes Herbarum.

Drumann, Geschichte Roms, vol. IV, p. 52.Orelli, Inscriptionum Latinarum. Silanus appears to be a lengthened form of Silus, "snub-nosed", which occurs as a cognomen in the Sergia and Terentia gentes, and is not connected with the Greek Silenus, who was nonetheless depicted on their coins.

The nomen Pupius seems to be derived from the Latin pupus, a child. From this it seems that the Pupii were Latins, and Chase classifies them among those gentes that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.Chase, p. 131.

The nomen Tarpeius belongs to a common class of gentilicia formed using the suffix -eius. Such names are typical of Sabine gentes, perhaps explaining the association of the Tarpeii with the war of Romulus against the Sabines at the beginning of Roman history.Chase, pp. 120, 121.

Sextus () is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was common throughout all periods of Roman history. It was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic gentes Sextia and Sextilia. The feminine form is Sexta. The name was regularly abbreviated Sex.

Each had five gentes or clans, considered to have been descended from an ancestor representing an element of each moitie. Each gens had a hereditary chief from the male line. Each moitie was represented by a head chief, and the two kept balance in the tribe.

The letter "K" was rare in Latin, and the few nomina occasionally spelled with this letter were usually spelled with "C". No Roman gentes began with "X", and the letters "Y" and "Z" occurred only in names borrowed from Greek. The letter "W" did not exist in Classical Latin.

In: Botanischer Garten München. MünchenVerlag, München 2014, , S. 18–29. The inscription on the entrance portal (by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe): FLORVM DAEDALAE TELLVRIS GENTES DISSITAE Maximiliani IOS. R. NOMINE CONSOCIATE, MDCCCXII ("The flowers over the earth scattered genera, united here at the behest of King Maximilian Joseph 1812").

I, p. 30 ("Aemilia Gens"). The Aemilii were almost certainly one of the gentes maiores, the most important of the patrician families. Their name was associated with two major roads (the Via Aemilia and the Via Aemilia Scauri), an administrative region of Italy, and the Basilica Aemilia at Rome.

The only surname of the Autronii was Paetus, a cognomen in many other gentes. It originally signified a person who had a slight cast in the eye, but it did not indicate such a complete distortion of vision as Strabo.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.

In Roman mythology, according to Arnobius, Puta presided over the pruning of trees and was a minor goddess of agriculture.Arnobius, Ante-Nicene Christian Library: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to A.D. 325. Volume 19: The Seven Books of Arnobius Adversus Gentes, 2001, p. 190. She is mentioned nowhere else.

While, according to the early 4th century AD Christian apologist Arnobius, and the 5th century AD Greek epic poet Nonnus, it is as punishment for their murder of Dionysus that the Titans end up imprisoned by Zeus in Tartarus.Arnobius, Adversus Gentes 5.19 (p. 242) (= Orphic fr. 34 Kern); Nonnus, Dionysiaca 6.206-210.

In ancient Rome, the curiales (from co + viria, 'gathering of men') were initially the leading members of a gentes (clan) of the city of Rome. Their roles were both civil and sacred. Each gens curialis had a leader, called a curio. The whole arrangement of assemblies was presided over by the curio maximus.

Bailey, L. H. Gentes Herbarum: Canna x orchiodes. (Ithaca), 1 (3): 120 (1923); Khoshoo, T. N. & Guha, I. Origin and Evolution of Cultivated Cannas. Vikas Publishing House. In orchids, the labellum is the modified median petal that sits opposite from the fertile anther and usually highly modified from the other perianth segments.

The Oscan cognate of Quintus was Pompo, a name best known from the father of Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome. The gentes Pompilia and Pomponia (both of which claimed descent from Numa Pompilius) were derived from this praenomen. The nomen Pompeius may also be a patronymic based on the name Pompo.

Rubus ortivus is uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in the northeastern United States (Maine) and eastern Canada (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1934. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 3(5): 254, f.

He was aware of the need for special categories for those cultivated plants that had arisen by intentional human activity and which would not fit neatly into the Linnaean hierarchical classification of ranks used by the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature (which later became the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants). In his 1918 paper Bailey noted that for anyone preparing a descriptive account of the cultivated plants of a country (he was at that time preparing such an account for North America) it would be clear that there are two gentes or kinds (Latin singular, gens; plural, gentes) of plants. Firstly, those that are of known origin or nativity "of known habitat". These he referred to as indigens.

The precise distinction between the two divisions is not known, nor have any lists of the families belonging to each survived from antiquity. However, it has been suggested that the gentes maiores consisted, at least in part, of the families who came to Rome in the time of Romulus, while the gentes minores consisted of the patrician families that were enrolled after the destruction of Alba Longa, or under the Tarquins. The original form of the nomen Papirius was Papisius, and all of the early Papirii would have been known by this name, although in later times they were always referred to as Papirii. A number of other ancient nomina experienced the same evolution; Fusius becoming Furius, Valesius becoming Valerius, and Vetusius becoming Veturius.

The various Latini populi (lit. "Latin peoples") lived in a society led by influential clans (gentes). Giovanni Colonna, Milieu, peuplement, phases naturelles, in Naissence de Rome, cataloged by the Petit Palais, 1977 These clans were a sign of their tribal origin, which continued in Rome as the thirty curiae which organized Roman society.Fox, p. 112.

516 ("Buca"). As with other prominent gentes of the Republic, there were some Aemilii whose relationship to the major families is unclear, as the only references to them contain no surname. Some of these may have been descended from freedmen, and been plebeians. Aemilii with a variety of surnames are found in imperial times.

Rubus hypolasius is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It grows in the east-central United States (New Jersey, Virginia).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 275, 278, figure 101Merritt Lyndon. 1947.

Rubus inclinis is a rare North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It is native to the northeastern United States, in the State of New York.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1944. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(8): 577–579, figure 265.

Rubus inferior is a North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It has been found only in the state of Florida in the southeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Bailey, Liberty Hyde 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 1(5): 263, figure 120.

Rubus prosper is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found in the State of Rhode Island in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 371–373, f.

Sky people lived in the northern half-circle of the village, the area that symbolized the heavens. Earth people lived in the southern half, which represented the earth. The circle opened to the east. Within each half of the village, the clans or gentes were located based on their members' tribal duties and relationship to other clans.

Rome was probably founded as a compromise between Etruscan residents of the area and Italic tribes nearby. The kings were Etruscan. Their language was still spoken by noble families in the early empire, although sources tell us it was dying out. Under the first king, Romulus, society consisted of gentes, or clans, arranged in 80 curiae and three tribes.

The nomen Opetreius appears to be a patronymic surname based on the ancient praenomen Opiter, best known as a result of its use by the gentes Verginia and Lucretia during the early Republic. The nomen Opiternius is derived from the same praenomen, and both are probably related to other gentilicia, including Oppius and Opsius.Chase, pp. 148, 149.

The nomen Trebonius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ', originally applied to cognomina ending in ', but later used as a regular gentile-forming suffix, and applied in cases for which there was no morphological justification. These gentes were largely plebeian, and the form Terebonius strongly hints at an Oscan origin.Chase, pp. 119, 120.

Tacitus claimed in his book Germania that in "the nations of the Sitones a woman is the ruling sex."Tacitus, Cornelius, Germania (A.D. 98) , as accessed June 8, 2013, paragraph 45. Paragraph 45:6: Suionibus Sithonum gentes continuantur, cetera similes uno differunt, quod femina dominatur: in tantum non modo a libertate, sed etiam a servitute degenerant.

Augustus, in his memoirs, mentioned that his father was a novus homo with no senatorial background.Suetonius, "The Life of Augustus," 2. The nomen Octavius is a patronymic surname, derived from the Latin praenomen Octavius. Many other gentes obtained their nomina in this manner, including the Quinctii from Quintus, the Sextii from Sextus, and the Septimii from Septimus.

The encyclical is an important elaboration on the theme of New Evangelization cited often by Pope John Paul II. The most striking part of the document is the fourth chapter where the Pope details what is involved in the mission Ad gentes to the non-Christian world.Dorr, Donal. “'Redemptoris Missio': Reflections on the Encyclical.” The Furrow, vol.

It was the published and described as Iris crocea by Jacque in 'Gentes Herbarum', Vol.8 page21 in 1949, based on an earlier description by R.C.Foster in 'Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University' Vol.114, page41 in 1936. It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003.

Dandya is a genus of about four species of flowering plants, all endemic to Mexico.Moore, Harold Emery 1953. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 8: 266 In the APG III classification system, it is placed in the asparagus family, and the cluster lily subfamily (formerly the family Themidaceae).Espejo Serena, A. & López-Ferrari, A.R. (1993).

The gens Suellia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens first appear in the time of the Republic, but few are mentioned by ancient writers. Others are known from inscriptions. The Suellii are easily confused with the Suilii, although there is a possibility that the two gentes were in fact identical.

This law, named for Licinius and his colleague, Lucius Sextius, opened the consulship for the first time to the plebeians. Licinius himself was subsequently elected consul in 364 and 361 BC, and from this time, the Licinii became one of the most illustrious gentes in the Republic.Drumann, Geschichte Roms.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol.

The decisions of a gens were theoretically binding on all of its members. However, no public enactment is recorded as having been passed by the assembly of a gens. As a group, the gentes had considerable influence on the development of Roman law and religious practices, but comparatively little influence on the political and constitutional history of Rome.

Her name shows her links to two Roman gentes, the Paccia and the Marcia - the latter also included Ulpia Marciana, elder sister of the emperor TrajanBirley, Anthony R. (1999) [1971]. Septimius Severus: The African Emperor. London: Routledge. . She originated in Leptis Magna and was of Punic or Libyan origin, but virtually nothing else is known of her.

Rubus hancinianus is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the US states of Kansas and Missouri in the central Great Plains.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 289, figure 120.

Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(6): 361–362, Rubus semisetosus var. wheeleri The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.

Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(2): 84 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.Flora of North America, Rubus Linnaeus, 1754.

Rubus burnhamii, or Burnham's blackberry, is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the State of New York in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1945. Gentes Herbarum, Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(9): 820, 823, figure.

Aulus ( , ) is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was common throughout Roman history from the earliest times to the end of the Western Empire in the fifth century. The feminine form is Aula. An alternative pronunciation leads to the variant spellings Olus or Ollus and Olla. Aulus was widely used by both patrician and plebeian gentes.

Rubus huttonii is a North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It has been found only in the state of West Virginia in the east- central United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Bailey, Liberty Hyde 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 206–208, figure 60.

Rubus ictus is a rare North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It is native to the southeastern United States, in the States of Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1925. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 1(5): 231, figure 104.

Rubus impar is a rare North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It is native to the central United States, in the states of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1934. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 3(5): 269, figure 143.

Rubus iniens is a North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It has been found only in the States of Virginia and Delaware in the east-central United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Bailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 412, 415, figure 188.

134, as Rubus semisetosus var. ortivusBailey, Liberty Hyde 1944. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(8): 568, as Rubus ortivus The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this.

1214 ("Numerius"). Although Numerius was occasionally used by patrician gentes, such as the Furii and the Valerii, the only patrician family to use the name regularly was the gens Fabia. Festus relates the story of how Numerius was introduced to the family after a survivor of the Battle of the Cremera married a daughter of Numerius Otacilius of Maleventum.Festus, p.

But > pestilences, say my opponents, and droughts, wars, famines, locusts, mice, > and hailstones, and other hurtful things, by which the property of men is > assailed, the gods bring upon us, incensed as they are by your wrong-doings > and by your transgressions.Arnobius, Adversus Gentes 1.3. Translated by > Hamilton Bryce and Hugh Campbell, c. 1885. Online at Christian Classics > Ethereal Library.

These breaks in bureaucracy afforded exiles a small capacity for betterment and activism.Andrew A. Gentes, "Other Decembrists: The Chizov Case and Lutskii Affair as Signifiers of The Decembrists in Siberia," Slavonica, Vol. 13, No. 2, (2007): 139 Wives of many Decembrists followed their husbands into exile. The expression Decembrist wife is a Russian symbol of the devotion of a wife to her husband.

The nomen of this gens, Oppidius, belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other names, in this case Oppius, by means of the suffix -idius.Chase, pp. 121, 122. The root of the nomen is probably op-, "help", which occurs in the name of the goddess Ops, as well as the gentes Opsia, Opsidia, and Opsilia,Chase, pp. 121–123.

Genius (pl. genii) was the essential spirit and generative power – depicted as a serpent or as a perennial youth, often winged – within an individual and their clan (gens, pl. gentes), such as the Julli (Julians) of Julius Caesar. A paterfamilias could confer his name, a measure of his genius and a role in his household rites, obligations and honours upon those he adopted.

More than 140 different species of birds are known to have raised young cowbirds. Unlike the common cuckoo, the brown-headed cowbird is not divided into gentes whose eggs imitate those of a particular host. Some host species, such as the house finch, feed their young a vegetarian diet. This is unsuitable for young brown- headed cowbirds, meaning almost none survive to fledge.

The Pontii were of Samnite origin, and are first mentioned in connection with the Samnite Wars, after which some of them removed to Rome. Their nomen, Pontius, is a patronymic surname derived from the Oscan praenomen Pontus or Pomptus, cognate with the Latin praenomen Quintus. Thus, Pontius is the Samnite equivalent of the Roman gentes Quinctia and Quinctilia.Chase, pp. 127–129.

The families or households are grouped into brotherhoods, and these again into clans or Schlachten (Geschlechter), corresponding to Roman gentes. Some of them could put as many as 500 warriors in the field. They took their names from ancestors and chieftains: the Wollersmannen, Hennemannen, Jerremannen, etc.; that is, the men of Woll, the men of Refine, the men of Jerre.

250x250px Atticus belonged to the patrician gens Manlia, one of the most important gentes of the Republic. Members of the family had held 9 consulships and 14 consular tribuneships before him.Degrassi, Fasti Capitolini, pp. 28–57. Atticus' father and elder brother—both named Titus—are not known, but his grandfather—also named Titus—was consul in 299 and died during his magistracy.

The nomen Sextilius is a patronymic surname, derived from the praenomen Sextus. The nomen of the gens Sextia was derived from the same name, much as the praenomen Quintus gave rise to the gentes Quinctia and Quinctilia.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol.

The patrician Lucretii favored the praenomina Titus, Spurius, Lucius, and Publius. They were one of the only gentes known to have used the name Hostus, and may also have used Opiter, which was favored by the Verginii. The main praenomina used by the plebeian Lucretii were Lucius, Marcus, Spurius, and Quintus. There are also examples of Gaius, Gnaeus, and Titus.

The Archdiocese was divided a fourth time when its Kanyakumari Mission was elevated to the status of a new diocese by the Bull Apud Indorum Gentes of John Paul II, dated 18 December 1996. The formal inauguration of the new diocese of Thuckalay and the Episcopal Ordination of Mar George Alencherry as its first Bishop took place on 2 February 1997.

While the terms of peace treaties might be said to fall broadly within the ius gentium, there was no framework of international law per se with which a treaty had to conform. As gentes were brought under Roman rule, Roman law became in effect international law.After the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC, no Western power was equal to that of Rome.

Jon Parkin, Science, Religion and Politics in Restoration England: Richard Cumberland's De Legibus Naturae (1999), pp. 26–8. Giambattista Vico called Grotius, Selden and Samuel Pufendorf the "three princes" of the "natural right of the gentes". He went on to criticise their approach foundationally.Thomas Goddard Bergin and Max Harold Fisch (translators), The New Science of Giambattista Vico (1970 edition), section 493 at p.

Salus Semonia posuit populi Victoria; cf. R. E. A.Palmer: "Studies of the Northern Campus Martius in Ancient Rome" Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 1990 80.2. p. 19 and n.21 citing M. A. Cavallaro "Un liberto 'prega' per Augusto e per le gentes: CIL VI 30975 (con inediti di Th. Mommsen)" in Helikon 15-16 (1975-1976) pp 146-186.

Brantsen was born the son of Johan Brantsen and Hester Henrietta de Vree. His father was receiver-general of the Veluwe quarter of Gelderland. Both his grandfathers were burgemeesters of Arnhem. Brantsen studied law at Leiden University where he received his law degree on 10 September 1755 with a dissertation entitled De mutuis inter diversas atque vicinas gentes officiorum humanitatis atque comitatispraestationibus.

Generally, mutilation and murder of slaves was prohibited by legislation, although outrageous cruelty continued. Apart from these families (called gentes) and the slaves (legally objects, mancipia i.e. "kept in the [master's] hand") there were Plebeians that did not exist from a legal perspective. They had no legal capacity and were not able to make contracts, even though they were not slaves.

In 2011, one of Kevans' paintings was chosen for the book cover of Elvira Lindo's new book entitled Don de Gentes. Elvira Lindo is an award-winning Spanish writer who writes for El País. Also in 2011, another of Kevans' paintings, "Mary Miles Minter", appeared in a book by fashion designer, Peter Jensen. The book looks at the role of the muse.

Cicero, Brutus, 62, Tusculanae Quaestiones, i. 16. However, the Roman historians report that the Tullii were one of the Alban noble families that came to Rome after the destruction of their city during the reign of Tullus Hostilius, the third King of Rome.Livy, i. 30. This would probably make the Tullii one of the gentes minores, the lesser patrician houses of the Republic.

Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum i. Despite ending in -a, it is a masculine name. The feminine form was probably Agrippina, which is also found as a cognomen, or surname, but no examples of its use as a praenomen have survived. The praenomen Agrippa was regularly used by two patrician gentes, gens Furia and gens Menenia, who held several consulships during the early Republic.

Rubus gulosus is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the US State of Maine and the adjacent Canadian Province of New Brunswick.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Bailey, Liberty Hyde 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(3): 172, 176, figure 70.

Rubus hanesii is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only on the Lower Peninsula of Michigan in the Great Lakes region of the United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1945. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(9): 748–751, figures 340–341.

Rubus wheeleri a North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in eastern and central Canada (Québec and Ontario) and the northern United States (New York, Michigan, and Indiana).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(7): 457, Rubus wheeleriBailey, Liberty Hyde 1932.

Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(2): 111–112, figure 43 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.Flora of North America, Rubus Linnaeus, 1754.

Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(2): 86–89, figure 30 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.Flora of North America, Rubus Linnaeus, 1754.

Rubus blanchardianus (Blanchard's dewberry) is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the State of Vermont in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1923. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 31(4): 175, figure 79, as Rubus hispidus var.

Rubus insons is a North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It has been found only in the States of New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Bailey, Liberty Hyde 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(6): 394.

Rubus insulanus is a North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It has been found only in the States of Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New York in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Bailey, Liberty Hyde 1945. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(9): 787, figure 361.

Rubus stipulatus is uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in and near the Great Lakes region of Canada (Ontario) and the United States (Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1934. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 242, figure 80, as Rubus semisetosus var.

Ad gentes focused on the factors involved in mission work. It called for the continued development of missionary acculturation. It encourages missionaries to live with the people they are attempting to convert, to absorb their ways and culture. It encourages the coordination of mission work through agencies and the cooperation with other groups and organizations within the Catholic Church and other denominations.

Bibit pauper et egrotus, bibit exul et ignotus, bibit puer, bibit canus, bibit praesul et decanus, bibit soror, bibit frater, bibit anus, bibit mater, bibit ista, bibit ille, bibunt centum, bibunt mille. Parum sexcente nummate durant, cum immoderate bibunt omnes sine meta. Quamvis bibant mente leta, sic nos rodunt omnes gentes et sic erimus egentes. Qui nos rodunt confundantur et cum iustis non scribantur.

Manius ( , ) is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was used throughout the period of the Roman Republic, and well into imperial times. The feminine form is Mania. The name was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic gentes Manlia and Manilia. Manius was originally abbreviated with an archaic five-stroke "M" (in Unicode ), which was not otherwise used in Latin.

By the 1st-century BC, Demeter suckling Iacchus had become such a commonplace, that the Latin poet Lucretius could use it as an apparently recognizable example of a lover's euphemism.Parker, p. 358 n. 139; Lucretius, 4.1168-1169\. Arnobius, Adversus Gentes (also called Adversus Nationes) 3.10 (p. 157) referring to the Lucretius verse, lists "the full- breasted Cerses nursing Iaccus" as a sight "the mind longs" to see.

In 152 BC, after the death of her husband, Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, Ptolemy VIII allegedly asked for her hand in marriage, which she refused.Plutarch Life of Tiberius Gracchus 1. This encounter was popular in neoclassical art, but it is unlikely that it ever actually took place. Even if untrue, the story may reflect close ties between Ptolemy VIII and the gentes Cornelia and Sempronia.

All nomina were based on other nouns, such as personal names, occupations, physical characteristics or behaviors, or locations. Consequently, most of them ended with the adjectival termination -ius (-ia in the feminine form). Nomina ending in , , , and are typical of Latin families. Faliscan gentes frequently had nomina ending in -ios, while Samnite and other Oscan-speaking peoples of southern Italy had nomina ending in -iis.

The name has a colourful history, but there is no consensus on which places and peoples it has referred to at different periods.Kasik 2011, p. 11 Roman historian Tacitus in his Germania (ca. 98 AD), mentioned Aestiorum gentes "Aestian tribes", and some historians believe that he was directly referring to Balts while others have proposed that the name applied to the whole Eastern Baltic.

While Tacitus did not mention the Silingi, he claimed that the Naharvali were approximately the same area as Ptolemaeus had placed the Silingi.J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz, "Gens Into Regnum: The Vandals". IN: Hans-Werner Goetz, Jörg Jarnut, Walter Pohl (ed.), "Regna and Gentes: The Relationship Between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World", Brill, 2003, ISSN 1386-4165, p.62.

The nomen Cicereius is probably derived from the same root as the cognomen Cicero, a surname of the gentes Claudia and Tullia. They appear to be connected with cicer, a chickpea, and may indicate that the ancestors of these families were engaged in the cultivation of that plant. Similar names include Bulbus, Fabius, Lentulus, Piso, and Tubero.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.

The nomen Quinctilius is a patronymic surname, based on the praenomen Quintus, meaning "fifth". Quinctilius is the correct orthography, but Quintilius is also quite common. The gens Quinctia is derived from the same praenomen. It was not unusual for multiple nomina to be derived from a common source; the Sabine name Pompo is the Oscan equivalent of Quintus, and gave rise to the gentes Pompilia and Pomponia.

P. Barker et al., The Baths Basilica, Wroxeter: Excavations 1966–90 (London, English Heritage Archaeological Reports 8, 1997). The general point of urban decline is made by A. Woolf, 'The Britons', in Regna and Gentes: The Relationship between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World, eds H.-W. Goetz, J. Jarnut and W. Pohl (Leiden, Brill, 2003), pp.

The Veturii occur regularly in the Fasti Consulares of the early Republic, with Gaius Veturius Geminus Cicurinus holding the consulship in 499 BC. Like other old patrician gentes, the Veturii also developed plebeian branches. The family declined in the later Republic, with the last consular Veturius holding office in 206 BC, during the Second Punic War.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p.

It is the progenitor and nearest relative of the domesticated species Cucurbita pepo and wild C. pepo is still found in the same areas as C. fraterna. It was formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1943, in Gentes Herbarum. Unlike most wild Cucurbita, some fruit specimens of C. fraterna have been found that were not bitter. Its usual habitat is dry upland scrub areas.

Rubus fraternalis is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found in Québec and in the northeastern United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1925. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 1(5): 262 Brainerd, Ezra, & Peitersen, A. K. 1920.

They created sod houses for winter dwellings, which were arranged in a large circle in the order of the five clans or gentes of each moitie, to keep the balance between the Sky and Earth parts of the tribe. Eventually, disease and Sioux aggression from the north forced the tribe to move south. Between 1819 and 1856, they established villages near what is now Bellevue, Nebraska and along Papillion Creek.

Like many other gentes that came to prominence in imperial times, the Servenii cannot be clearly divided into distinct families, unless the Servenii of Acmonia in Asia constituted a single family. They bore cognomina such as Capito, originally a nickname for someone with a large or prominent head,Chase, p. 109. and Cornutus, an old surname probably referring to callous or horny skin.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s.v.v. cornus.

The name was probably more widespread amongst the plebeians and in the countryside. Many other families which used Paullus as a cognomen may originally have used it as a praenomen. The feminine form, Paulla or Polla, was one of the most common praenomina in both patrician and plebeian gentes, including the Aemilii, Caecilii, Cornelii, Flaminii, Fulvii, Licinii, Minucii, Sergii, Servilii, Sulpicii, and Valerii. The name has survived into modern times.

From them were selected 8000 pedites (infantry) and 800 celeres (cavalry) of gentes-connected men. The decimal scheme seems already to have existed: one unit of fast troops for every 10 of foot. Greek hoplite The Etruscans were heavily influenced by Greek culture, which can be viewed as dominating the eastern Mediterranean. At first, under the Etruscan Kings, the massive Greek phalanx was the most desired battle formation.

Unlike many other tribes, the Omaha had a patrilineal kinship system, with inheritance passed through the male line. In 1843, Big Elk designated LaFlesche as his successor as a hereditary chief of the Weszhinste, one of the ten gentes of the Omaha. Melvin Randolph Gilmore, "The True Logan Fontenelle", Publications of the Nebraska State Historical Society, Vol. 19, edited by Albert Watkins, Nebraska State Historical Society, 1919, p.

Like any other Algonquian groups, the Anishinaabe clan system served as a system of government as well as a means of dividing labour. The five groups or phratries are listed below, listing each of the doodem clans or gentes within their group. The known Algonquin clans are marked with (Al), Mississauga clans with (Ms), Nipissing clans with (Ns), Ojibwa clans with (Oj), Odawa clans with (Od) and Potawatomi clans with (Po).

E. Peruzzi Le origini di Roma I. La famiglia Firenze 1970 p. 142 ff. Other authors, according to Plutarch, gave Numa, in addition, five sons, Pompo (or Pomponius), Pinus, Calpus, Mamercus, and Numa, from whom the noble families (gentes) of the Pomponii, Pinarii, Calpurnii, Aemilii, and Pompilii respectively traced their descent. Still other writers, writes Plutarch, believed these were fictional genealogies to enhance the status of these families.

According to tradition, the Servilia gens was one of the Alban houses removed to Rome by Tullus Hostilius, and enrolled by him among the patricians. It was, consequently, one of the gentes minores. The nomen Servilius is a patronymic surname, derived from the praenomen Servius (meaning "one who keeps safe" or "preserves"), which must have been borne by the ancestor of the gens.Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, i. 30.

In 557 the Avars sent an embassy to Constantinople presumably from the northern Caucasus. This marked their first contact with the Byzantine Empire. In exchange for gold, they agreed to subjugate the "unruly gentes" on behalf of the Byzantines: subsequently they conquered and incorporated various nomadic tribesKutrigurs and Sabirsand defeated the Antes. By 562 the Avars controlled the lower Danube basin and the steppes north of the Black Sea.

The authority of the pater familias was unlimited, be it in civil rights as well as in criminal law. The king's duty was to be head over the military, to deal with foreign politics and also to decide on controversies between the gentes. The patricians were divided into three tribes (Ramnenses, Titientes, Luceres). During the time of the Roman Republic (founded in 509 BC) Roman citizens were allowed to vote.

In ancient Rome, a gens ( or ), plural gentes, was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens was called a stirps (plural stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged.

' If a person originated from one of the major imperial regions, such as Gaul or Britannia, one might have been viewed as a Roman, but still distinct from Romans of other major regions. It is clear from the writings of later historians, such as the Gallo- Roman Gregory of Tours, that such lower levels of identity, such as being the citizen of a particular region, province or city, were important within the empire. This importance, combined with there being clearly understood differences between local populations (the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus comments on the difference between "Gauls" and "Italians" for instance) illustrates that there were no fundamental differences between the local Roman identities and the gentes-identities applied to Barbarians, though the Romans themselves would not have seen the two as equivalent concepts. In the late Roman army, there were regiments named after Roman sub-identities (such as "Celts" and "Batavians") as well as regiments named after gentes, such as the Franks or Saxons.

Andrew A. Gentes, "Other Decembrists: The Chizov Case and Lutskii Affair As Signifiers of The Decembrists in Siberia," Slavonica, Vol. 13, No. 2, (2007): 136 Concentration facilitated the guarding of prisoners, but it also allowed the Decembrists to continue to exist as a community. This was especially true at Chita. The move to Petrovsky Zavod, however, forced Decembrists to divide into smaller groups; the new location was compartmentalized, with an oppressive sense of order.

She retired from Cornell in 1957, but continued to volunteer at the Hortorium until her death in 1983. In order to transport herself to and from the Hortorium, Bailey earned her driver's license. She was the first woman in Ithaca, New York to do so. While at Cornell, Bailey contributed to Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture and the Manual of Cultivated Plants and edited the first eight volumes of the academic journal, Gentes Herbarum.

Like other Roman gentes, the Servilii of course had their own sacra; and they are said to have worshipped a triens, or copper coin, which is reported to have increased or diminished in size at various times, thus indicating the increase or diminution of the honors of the gens. Although the Servilii were originally patricians, in the later Republic there were also plebeian Servilii.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p.

The Herminii were a patrician family at Rome during the early years of the Republic. The Romans themselves regarded the family as Etruscan, and they were one of the few Roman gentes to use distinctly Etruscan praenomina; Lars Herminius held the consulship in 448 BC.Valerius Maximus, De Praenominibus, 15. However, in the legend of the Sublician bridge, Titus Herminius may have represented the Sabine element of the Roman people.Barthold Georg Niebuhr, History of Rome, vol.

Titus Livius, periocha 140: Cherusci Tencteri Chauci aliaeque Germanorum trans Rhenum gentes subactae a Druso referuntur. It was attacked in a narrow pass by Cherusci. Using the element of surprise and their advantageous position, the Germans were winning until they decided to retreat for some time, allowing the Romans to break through the force defending one of the exits and escape. Arbalo is thought to be near modern-day Hameln or Hildesheim.

In theory, each gens functioned as a state within a state, governed by its own elders and assemblies, following its own customs, and carrying out its own religious rites. Certain cults were traditionally associated with specific gentes. The gentile assemblies had the responsibility of adoption and guardianship for their members. If a member of a gens died intestate and without immediate family, his property was distributed to the rest of the gens.

Volesus, Volusus, or Volero is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was occasionally used during the period of the Roman Republic, and briefly revived in imperial times. It gave rise to the patronymic gentes Valeria and Volusia. Although not attested from inscriptions, the feminine form would have been Volesa or Volusa. Unlike the more common praenomina, which were usually abbreviated, this name was regularly spelled out, but is also found abbreviated Vol.

Rubus regionalis is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It grows in eastern and central Canada (Ontario, Québec, New Brunswick) and the north-central and northeastern United States (Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(6): 359Bailey, Liberty Hyde 1947.

Rubus novanglicus is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It grows in northeastern United States, having been found only in the State of Connecticut.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(6): 353–354, figure 163 The name "novanglicus" means "New England," referring to the 6-state region of which Connecticut is a part.

Rubus parliniiis a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to the northeastern United States (Maine, Vermont, Connecticut).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 210, figure 62 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus centralis, the Illinois dewberry, is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the east-central United States (Indiana, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania).Bailey, Liberty Hyde. 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 22(6): 330–331 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus oklahomus is a North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It has been found in Texas, and Oklahoma) in the south-central United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(6): 418 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus mollior is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in the central United States (Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1945. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(9): 693–695, figure 312 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus probabilis is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in the southeastern United States from Maryland to Mississippi.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Bailey, Liberty Hyde 1923. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 1(4): 180, figure 81 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus novocaesarius is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found in the State of New Jersey in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(2): 123 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus largus is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found in the State of New Jersey in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(2): 123 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus macvaughii is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in Texas in the south-central United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 254–256, figure 87 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus riograndis is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in Texas in the south-central United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(4): 209, figure 87 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus kelloggii is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the state of Missouri in central United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(9): 783–784, figure 359 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, making it difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus obvius is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It is endemic to the State of Maryland in the eastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 360, 362, figure 159 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus sons is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It is found in the southeastern United States from Arkansas and Louisiana to South Carolina.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2: 312, figure 154 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Origin of the Roman Republic (1877) Plasencia was born in Cañizar. His father was a rural doctor, and he was orphaned as a teenager.Biografías de Gentes de Guadalajara Under the sponsorship of several local nobles, he travelled to Madrid and entered the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, where he became one of the first students who received fellowships to the new "Academia Española de Bellas Artes de Roma".Brief biography @ the Museo del Prado website.

Lucius ( , ) is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was one of the most common names throughout Roman history. The feminine form is Lucia ( , ). The praenomen was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic gentes Lucia and Lucilia, as well as the cognomen Lucullus. It was regularly abbreviated L.Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & Mythology Throughout Roman history, Lucius was the most common praenomen, used slightly more than Gaius and somewhat more than Marcus.

Analyzed in Vasiliev 61–62. The Venetian Chronicle of John the Deacon reports that the Normanorum gentes, having devastated the suburbanum of Constantinople, returned to their own lands in triumph ("et sic praedicta gens cum triumpho ad propriam regressa est").Iohannes Diaconus 116–117. It appears that the victory of Michael III over the Rus' was invented by the Byzantine historians in the mid-9th century or later and became generally accepted in the Slavic chronicles influenced by them.

64, at GenNet, accessed 25 August 2011 The Omaha were organized into two half-tribes or moitie, which represented the Earth and the Sky. Each had five gentes or clans, which had specific responsibilities related to maintaining the tribe and cosmos. Each gens had hereditary chiefs, through the father's line, for a total of ten. One of the gens chiefs of each moitie was designated as its head; the two collaborated to maintain the balance between the two parts.

204 (1952) and C. × orchiodesBailey, L.H. - Canna x orchiodes. Gentes Herb. (Ithaca), 1 (3): 120 (1923)) to categorise the floriferous cannas being grown at that time, namely the Crozy hybrids and the 'orchid-like' hybrids introduced by Carl Ludwig Sprenger in Italy and Luther Burbank in the USA, at about the same time (1894).Comparison of Crozy & Italian Group cultivars The definition was based on the genotype, rather than the phenotype, of the two cultivar groups.

Cucurbita sororia is a plant species of the genus Cucurbita, sometimes considered to be a subspecies of Cucurbita argyrosperma, C. a. subsp. sororia. It ranges from northern Mexico to Nicaragua, mostly along the Pacific coast. This species was originally considered closely related to Cucurbita texana but C. sororia was later shown to be an ancestor of Cucurbita argyrosperma, with which it hybridizes well. The species was formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1943, in Gentes Herbarum.

Ecclesiae Sanctae – "(Governing) of the Holy Church" – is an apostolic letter or Motu proprio issued by Pope Paul VI on August 6, 1966. Paul wrote this letter on how to implement the Vatican Council, especially as regards the conciliar documents Christus Dominus (On the Pastoral Office of Bishops), Presbyterorum Ordinis (On the Life and Ministry of Priests), Perfectae Caritatis (On the Adaptation and Renewal of Religious Life), and Ad Gentes (On the Missionary Activity of the Church).

Hudhayfa is the last governor whose appointment by the governor of Ifriqiya with the consent of the caliph is recorded in the Chronicle of 754. All subsequent governors seem to have governed independently of Damascus.Ann Christys, "The Transformation of Hispania after 711", in Hans Werner Goetz, Jörg Jarnut and Walter Pohl (eds.), Regna and Gentes: The Relationship between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World (Leiden: Brill, 2003), pp. 219–241.

250x250pxTitus belonged to the patrician gens Manlia, one of the most important gentes of the Republic. It already counted 13 consulships, and 14 consular tribuneships before him.Fasti Consulares. Titus' ancestry is a bit uncertain as the Fasti Consulares list him with the same filiation ("son of Titus, grandson of Titus") as Aulus Manlius Torquatus Atticus, who was consul two times in 244 BC and 241 BC, as well as censor in 247 BC, and possibly princeps senatus.

The usefulness of euhemerist views to early Christian apologists may be summed up in Clement of Alexandria's triumphant cry in Cohortatio ad gentes: "Those to whom you bow were once men like yourselves."Quoted in Seznec (1995) The Survival of the Pagan Gods Princeton University Press pg 12, who observes (p. 13) of the numerous Christian examples he mentions, "Thus Euhemerism became a favorite weapon of the Christian polemicists, a weapon they made use of at every turn".

The Quinctia gens was one of the Alban houses removed to Rome by Tullus Hostilius, and enrolled by him among the patricians. It was consequently one of the minores gentes. The nomen Quinctius is a patronymic surname based on the praenomen Quintus, which must have belonged to an ancestor of the gens. The spelling Quintius is common in later times, but Quinctius is the ancient and more correct form, which occurs on coins and in the Fasti Capitolini.

For instance, Scipio Africanus claimed Jupiter as a personal mentor. Some gentes claimed a divine descent, often thanks to a false etymology of their name; the Caecilii Metelli pretended to descend from Vulcan through his son Caeculus, the Mamilii from Circe through her granddaughter Mamilia, the Julii Caesares and the Aemilii from Venus through her grandsons Iulus and Aemylos. In the 1st century, Sulla, Pompey, and Caesar made competing claims for Venus' favour.Festus, "Caeculus", "Aemilia" and others.

Under the able guidance of the De La Salle Brothers, a two-year special course is given to catechists from all dioceses. In the span of some 20 years, the diocese has ordained new diocesan priests. Bishop Bo also founded a Missionary Congregation of Brothers and Sisters of St. Paul. Its special charism is direct evangelization ad gentes. It started with a few teenage boys and girls in 1990 and is now a flourishing congregation of 49 professed Religious.

Flaccus was a cognomen of the ancient Roman plebeian family Fulvius, considered one of the most illustrious gentes of the city. Cicero and Pliny the Elder state that the family was originally from Tusculum, and that members still lived there in the 1st century. As usual for cognomina, "Flaccus" was likely originally a nickname, probably of Marcus Fulvius Flaccus, the founder of the family. It has been variously interpreted as meaning "big ears", "flop ears", "floppy", or "fatty".

Rubus weatherbyi is a rare North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It is found only in eastern Canada in the Provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 291–293, figure 122 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus furtivus is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It grows in northeastern United States, having been found only in the state of New York.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 216–218, figure 66 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus exeter is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the north-central United States (Minnesota, Wisconsin, Indiana). Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 228, figure 72 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus emeritus is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the Province of New Brunswick in eastern Canada.Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(2): 99–101, figure 37 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus gnarus is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to the northeastern United States (New York, Connecticut, New Jersey).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1944. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(8): 556–558, figure 253] The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus grimesii is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to the east-central United States (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1944. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 52(6): 331–332, figure 158] The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus griseus is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to the east-central United States (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1945. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(9): 834, figure 387] The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus variispinus is a rare North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It is found only in the States of Michigan and Wisconsin in the north-central United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1945. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(9): 676, figure 303 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus vigil is rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the states of Virginia and North Carolina in the eastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1925. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 1(5): 251, figure 116 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus suppar is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the Provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in eastern Canada.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 230, 233, figure 74 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus mirus is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found in the State of Rhode Island in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1925. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 1(5): 231–232, figures 105–106 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus racemiger is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in the eastern United States, in the Appalachian Mountains of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 236, figure 76 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus velox is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in Texas in the south-central United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Bailey, Liberty Hyde 1923. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 1(4): 168–169, figures 73–74 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus saltuensis is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the State of Connecticut in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1944. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(8): 566–568, figure 259 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus particularis is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the state of West Virginia in the eastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 291–293, figure 110 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus positivus is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the State of Connecticut in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1949. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(6): 501–504, figure 246 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus leviculus is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in scattered locations in the eastern and central United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 390–392, figure 176 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus uniformis is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the States of Wisconsin and Minnesota in the north-central United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 248, figure 83 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus maniseesensis a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the State of Rhode Island in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 268, 272, figure 95 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Cossus belonged to the gens Cornelia, one of the most important patrician gentes of the Republic. His father was named Marcus, and his grandfather Lucius, but no magistracy is recorded for them. He was however the brother of the more famous Aulus Cornelius Cossus, one of the only three Romans awarded the spolia opima for having killed the king of Veii Lars Tolumnius in single combat. Aulus was then consul in 428, and consular tribune in 426.

For the first several decades of the Republic, it is not entirely certain which gentes were considered patrician and which plebeian. However, a series of laws promulgated in 451 and 450 BC as the Twelve Tables attempted to codify a rigid distinction between the classes, formally excluding the plebeians from holding any of the major magistracies from that time until the passage of the Lex Licinia Sextia in 367 BC. The law forbidding the intermarriage of patricians and plebeians was repealed after only a few years, by the Lex Canuleia in 445 BC. Despite the formal reconciliation of the orders in 367, the patrician houses, which as time passed represented a smaller and smaller percentage of the Roman populace, continued to hold on to as much power as possible, resulting in frequent conflict between the orders over the next two centuries. Certain patrician families regularly opposed the sharing of power with the plebeians, while others favored it, and some were divided.Michael Grant, History of Rome (1978) Many gentes included both patrician and plebeian branches.

There is some evidence that the gentes are genetically different from one another. of the brush cuckoo Female parasitic cuckoos sometimes specialize and lay eggs that closely resemble the eggs of their chosen host. Some birds are able to distinguish cuckoo eggs from their own, leading to those eggs least like the host's being thrown out of the nest. Parasitic cuckoos that show the highest levels of egg mimicry are those whose hosts exhibit high levels of egg rejection behavior.

Hostus is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was used in pre-Roman times and during the early centuries of the Roman Republic, but become obsolete by the 1st century BC. The feminine form was probably Hosta or Hostia. The patronymic gentes Hostia and Hostilia were derived from Hostus. The name was not regularly abbreviated.De Praenominibus (epitome by Julius Paris)Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & MythologyGeorge Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol.

Other gentes which later used it as a cognomen may originally have used it as a praenomen. Because it was not a common name, there are few examples of the feminine form, but Marcus Terentius Varro listed it together with other archaic praenomina that were no longer in general use by the 1st century BC, and Plutarchus mentions that it was given to the youngest daughter of the dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla, who lived during Varro's time.Plutarch, "The Life of Sulla".

It is responsible for communities of "families in mission", called "Missio ad gentes", living in many cities around the world. Together with a priest and his socius, and some celibate women, they make present the Church in places of little or no Catholic presence. The Neocatechumenate, as an itinerary of Christian initiation, is implemented in small, parish-based communities of up to 50 people. In 2007 there were around 20,000 such communities throughout the World, with an estimated million Catholics following the itinerary.

Molecular data, including sequences from the original collection of Momordica lanata made near Cape Town by C. P. Thunberg in 1773, show that what Thunberg collected is not what has been called Citrullus lanatus, the domesticated watermelon, since the 1930s. Although this error only occurred in 1930 (Bailey, Gentes Herbarum 2: 180–186), it has been perpetuated in hundreds of papers on the watermelon. In addition, there is an older name for the watermelon, Citrullus battich Forssk. (Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 167.

Abbott, 1 These communities would often include an aristocratic board of tribal elders.Abbott, 12 The early Roman family was called a gens, or "clan". Each clan was an aggregation of families under a common living male patriarch, called a pater (Latin for "father"), who was the undisputed master of his clan. When the early Roman gentes were aggregating to form a community, the patres from the leading clans were selectedAbbott, 16 for the confederated board of elders (which later became the Roman Senate).

The gens (plural gentes) was a Roman, Italic, or Etruscan family, consisting of all those individuals who shared the same nomen and claimed descent from a common ancestor. It was an important social and legal structure in early Roman history.Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities, Second Edition, Harry Thurston Peck, Editor (1897)Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd Ed. (1970) The distinguishing characteristic of a gens was the , or gentile name. Every member of a gens, whether by birth or adoption, bore this name.

Bust of the emperor Commodus dressed as Hercules Several Roman clans (gentes) lay claim to descent from various divine figures. The Fabii traced their genealogy to a daughter of Evander who lay with Hercules in his "dug-out" (fovea) and conceived the first Fabius.Wiseman, Remus, p. 41. The cult of Hercules at the Ara Maxima was in the keeping of the gens Potitia and the gens Pinaria until 312 BC, when maintenance was transferred to the stateLipka, Roman Gods, p. 169.

Arnobius writes dismissively of dreams in his surviving book, so perhaps Jerome was projecting his own respect for the content of dreams. According to Jerome, to overcome the doubts of the local bishop as to the earnestness of his Christian belief he wrote (c. 303, from evidence in IV:36) an apologetic work in seven books that St. Jerome callsDe Viris Illustribus, lxxix. Adversus Gentes but which is entitled Adversus Nationes in the only (9th-century) manuscript that has survived.

Lucius Junius Brutus supporting the body of Lucretia Statue at Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna The gens Lucretia was a prominent family of the Roman Republic. Originally patrician, the gens later included a number of plebeian families. The Lucretii were one of the most ancient gentes, and the second wife of Numa Pompilius, the second King of Rome, was named Lucretia. The first of the Lucretii to obtain the consulship was Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus in 509 BC, the first year of the Republic.

Around 201, the couple had a daughter, Annia Aurelia Faustina, curiously not named after Severus. It appears that he named her in honor of his mother's family, the gentes Aurelia and Annia, probably to honor their links to the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. It seems that they did not to have any more children. About 216, Severus Proculus may have made a political alliance with a Senator who was a member of the Pomponia gens and married his daughter to Pomponius Bassus.

Verse 11, "Serve the Lord with fear and rejoice with trembling", appears in Hebrew over the entrance to a synagogue in Sibiu, Romania Psalm 2 is the second psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version, "Why do the heathen rage". In Latin, it is known as "Quare fremuerunt gentes". Psalm 2 does not identify its author with a superscription. Acts in the New Testament attributes it to David.

109, 146, 147.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. Gallus. The other stirps of the Asinii, with the cognomen Rufus, originally indicating someone with red hair, appears in imperial times, and may well have been related to the Polliones. As with that family, the Asinii Rufi also bore a variety of other surnames, including Bassus, stout, and Quadratus, stocky, as well as names inherited from other gentes, such as Frugi, an agnomen of the Calpurnii, and Nicomachus, a surname of Greek origin.

The word did not specifically refer to sectors of the population who were mixed but also included both Spaniards and Indians of lower socio-economic extraction, often used together with other terms such as plebe, vulgo, naciones, clases, calidades, otras gentes, etc.Ares, Berta, “Usos y abusos del concepto de casta en el Perú colonial”, ponencia presentada en el Congreso Internacional INTERINDI 2015. Categorías e indigenismo en América Latina, EEHA-CSIC, Sevilla, 10 de noviembre de 2015. Citado con la autorización de la autora.

He was named Publius Curiatius by Livy, but Publius Horatius by Dionysius of Halicarnassus, which nevertheless confirms Livy's as fact. Diodorus Siculus himself only gives Trigeminus. He could have been part of the gens Horatii and not in that of the Curiatii, two gentes that had opposed each other during the Roman monarchy in the fight of the Horatii and the Curiatii. If he was part of the gens Curiatii, he was the only member of the family to become consul.

Nonetheless, with the rise of imperial authority, several plebeian gentes were raised to the patriciate, replacing older patrician families that had faded into obscurity, and were no longer represented in the Roman senate. Although both the concept of the gens and of the patriciate survived well into imperial times, both gradually lost most of their significance. In the final centuries of the Western Empire, patricius was used primarily as an individual title, rather than a class to which an entire family belonged.

Bassus was a native of Beneventum and patron of that city,. as well as of Fabrateria Vetus. and, by family tradition, of Naples.. He belonged to the gentes Anicia and Auchenia; in some inscriptions; ; possibly . he is called "restitutor generis Aniciorum", a reference either to the fact that he was adopted into the Anicii when no other male members were still alive or, more probably, that for some time he was the only male in the family, before he married and had sons.Jones.

Rubus signatus a North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in eastern and central Canada (Québec and Ontario) and the northern United States (New York, Michigan, and Indiana).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(2): 92–93, 96, figure 33 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus spectatus a North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in eastern and central Canada (Quebec and Ontario) and the northern United States (New York, Michigan, and Indiana).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(3): 182–184, figure 75 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus wisconsinensis is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to the north-central United States (Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Iowa, Illinois).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Bailey, Liberty Hyde 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(6): 414–415, figures 178–179 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus noveboracus is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It grows in the northeastern and north-central United States (New York, Pennsylvania) and eastern Canada (Québec).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 275, 278, figure 101 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus recurvicaulis is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It grows in eastern and central Canada (Ontario, Québec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland) and the north-central and northeastern United States (Minnesota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and the 6 New England states).Biota of North America Program 2014 state- level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 275, 278, figure 101Blanchard, William Henry 1906.

Rubus apogaeus, the falling dewberry, is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is found in scattered locations in the southern United States (Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(4): 226–228, figure 97 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus alter, the Maine dewberry, is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to the states of Maine and New Hampshire in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(1): 82–84, figure 28 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus audax, the Tampa blackberry, is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is found in scattered locations in the southeastern United States (Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(6): 367–368, figure 165 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus bushii, common name Bush's blackberry, is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the central United States (Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, northeastern Texas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(6): 403–404 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus clarus, the Mt. Vernon dewberry, is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the state of Virginia in the east-central United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 398–400, figure 180 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus hispidoides is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the Commonwealth (state) of Massachusetts in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Bailey, Liberty Hyde 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 252–254, figure 86 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus obsessus is a rare North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It is found only in the States of New York and Connecticut in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 318–320, figure 137 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus ucetanus is a rare North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It is found only near Tampa Bay in the state of Florida in the southeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1925. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 1(5): 269, 272, figure 124 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus navus is a rare North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It is found in eastern Canada (Québec and New Brunswick) and in the northeastern United States (Maine).Biota of North America Program 2014 state- level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(3): 176, figure 71 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus meracus is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in the central United States, in the central Mississippi and Ohio Valleys and the Great Lakes region.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 357, figure 157 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus notatus is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in northeastern United States from Maine to West Virginia, with reports of isolated populations in Michigan.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(3): 152, 154, figure 59 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus probativus is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the states of Florida, Georgia, and Alabama in the southeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(6): 450, 452, figure 205 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus rydbergianus is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in Westchester County in the State of New York in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1945. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(9): 745, 748, figrue 339 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus suus is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in the eastern and south-central United States from Georgia north to Pennsylvania and Ohio, west to eastern Texas.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1945. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(9): 634–636, figure 281 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus rosarius is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the States of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia in the eastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 1(5): 268, figures 121–122 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus porteri is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the States of West Virginia and Pennsylvania in the eastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(2): 104, 107, figure 40 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Psalm 47 is the 47th psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version, "O clap your hands". The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek Septuagint version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 46 in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as "Omnes gentes plaudite manibus".

Calpurnius Piso bore the same name as his father, Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso. He belonged to the gens Calpurnia, one of the most distinguished Roman gentes, which was of consular rank since 180 BC. The Calpurnii Pisones formed the main branch of the gens, and already counted 8 consuls by 23 BC. Piso married a daughter of a Marcus Popillius and they had at least two sons: Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, who later became consul in 7 BC; and Lucius Calpurnius Piso, consul in 1 BC.

Atticus' first mention in history is his election as censor in 247, alongside Aulus Atilius Caiatinus, a plebeian with a distinguished career (twice consul in 258 and 254, dictator in 249). During the third century, the Manlii and the Atilii were the allies of the great patrician gens Fabia and members of these three gentes are often found together in the Fasti. Moreover, one of the consuls of 247 was Numerius Fabius Buteo. Friedrich Münzer furthermore suggested that Atticus was married to a Fabia.

For Catholics, “Missions” is the term given to those particular undertakings by which the heralds of the Gospel, sent out by the Church and going forth into the whole world, carry out the task of preaching the Gospel and planting the Church among peoples or groups who do not yet believe in Christ.Decree on the Mission Activity of the Church: Ad Gentes. (Para. 6) In Vatican II Documents, (1965), Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Vatican II made a deep impact on Catholic missions around the world.

A descendant of this family was the first to assume the cognomen Sulla, about the time of the Second Punic War. The name is probably a diminutive of Sura, a cognomen found in several gentes, including among the Cornelii Lentuli, and probably referred to someone with prominent calves. Plutarch, who erroneously believed that the dictator Sulla was the first to bear the name, thought it must have referred to a blotchy, reddish complexion, while Macrobius derives it from Sibylla, an etymology that is rejected by Quintilian.

The Claudii were a powerful gens with consuls and other high ranking politicians in several of its families across several generations. In this generation the first marriages between Claudii and descendants of the Julii Caesares took place. This however didn't mean yet that the dynastic family trees of both gentes got merged into a single one: that didn't happen until the adoption of Claudii by (adopted) Julii Caesares in the generations to come. Octavia the Younger's first husband was a Claudius from the Marcelli family.

Around 450 BC, there are some 50 patrician gentes (clans) recorded, whereas just 14 remained at the time of Julius Caesar (dictator of Rome 48–44 BC), whose own Iulii clan was patrician.Oxford Patricians In contrast, the ranks of equites, although also hereditary (in the male line), were open to new entrants who met the property requirement and who satisfied the Roman censors that they were suitable for membership.Livy XXXIX.19, 44 As a consequence, patricians rapidly became only a small minority of the equestrian order.

These may have arisen through adoption or manumission, or when two unrelated families bearing the same nomen became confused. It may also be that individual members of a gens voluntarily left or were expelled from the patriciate, along with their descendants. In some cases, gentes that must originally have been patrician, or which were so regarded during the early Republic, were later known only by their plebeian descendants. By the first century BC, the practical distinction between the patricians and the plebeians was minimal.

There are various hypotheses regarding the etymology of the word "Dugenta" and of its older variation "Ducenta". The historian Gleijeses thought that this toponym derived from 'duae gentes', in the name of the alliance between Romans and Samnites that took place in these sites during the Roman expansion. Other theories instead connect this word to the original number of the villagers, about 200, or to the Roman centuriation. The name Ducenta appeared in a certificate dating back to 833 of Sicardo, Prince of Benevento.

Rubus aptatus, the drybank dewberry, is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is found in scattered locations in the northeastern United States (Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 315, 318, figure 136 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus alaskensis, the Alaska blackberry, is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to Alaska and to western Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territory, British Columbia).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(1): 30, figure 8Tropicos, Rubus alaskensis L.H. Bailey The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus concameratus, the West Virginia blackberry, is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the state of West Virginia in the east-central United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 398–400, figure 180 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus particeps is rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the State of Connecticut in the northeastern United States, and the Province of Nova Scotia in eastern Canada.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(4): 402, figure 181 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus russeus is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found in eastern Canada (New Brunswick and Nova Scotia) and in the northeastern United States (Pennsylvania and West Virginia).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1944. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(7): 498, figure 226 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus multifer, known as fruitful dewberry, is a North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in the northeastern and north-central United States, from Maine to Minnesota south as far as Virginia and Illinois.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 262, 264 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

He has furthered argued that parts of the Getica by Jordanes, such as the account of a Gothic migration from Scandinavia towards the Black Sea, is derived from genuinly Gothic oral traditions. Liebeszhuetz maintains that the early Germanic peoples shared a common language, culture and identity, and considers the concept of Germanic peoples indispensable for scholarship.. "Germanic tribes... did indeed possess both core traditions and a sense of shared identity, and... these had evolved well before their entry into the Roman world... [T]he Germanic tribes (Germanicae gentes) spoke the same language... Caesar and Tacitus certainly thought that the people they called Germans shared elements of a common culture. Tacitus certainly knew that they shared a language... [E]ven if the different gentes did not share a sense of German identity, they did share a language, or at least spoke closely related dialects... That is why the concept of ‘Germanic’ remains useful, even indispensable... Some traditions, especially language, all the tribes had in common." In the 1990s, Liebeszhuetz was a participant in the Transformation of the Roman World project, which was sponsored by the European Science Foundation.

IN: Hans-Werner Goetz, Jörg Jarnut, Walter Pohl (ed.), "Regna and Gentes: The Relationship Between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World", Brill, 2003, , p.62. During the reign of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, (A.D. 161–180) the Silingi lived in the "Vandal mountains", source of the Elbe, which now is part of the Czech Republic.J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz "Decline and Change in Late Antiquity", 2006, Ashgate Publishing, p. 61 (google Books); also see his similar discussion "Gens Into Regnum: The Vandals" p.61.

Duffy was elected to the Illinois Senate in 2008 defeating then-Round Lake Mayor Bill Gentes by sixteen points in what was originally seen to be a competitive race. He succeeded William E. Peterson, who retired after sixteen years in the Illinois Senate. As a member of the Senate, Duffy was a co-sponsor of the bill that abolished the death penalty in Illinois. Duffy endorsed Dave McSweeney over incumbent Representative Kent Gaffney in the 2012 Republican primary and was one of the first legislators to endorse Bruce Rauner in the 2014 Republican primary.

Anthony Fernandes (born 6 July 1936 in Mangalore, Karnataka, India) is the first Bishop of the Diocese of Bareilly, within the Catholic Church in India. Fernandes became bishop on 19 January 1989, the same day the diocese was established. To create the diocese, Pope John Paul II promulgated the bull "Indorum Inter Gentes"; it was created by transferring six districts in Uttar Pradesh out of the Diocese of Lucknow: Bareilly, Nainital, Almora, Pithoragarh, Shahjahanpur and Pilbhit. The church of St. Alphonsus (Alphonsus Maria de Liguori) became the cathedral for the new diocese.

The only major family of the Mucii bore the cognomen Scaevola. This surname is said to have been acquired by Gaius Mucius, who lost the use of his right hand following his attempt on the life of Lars Porsena, and was subsequently called Scaevola because only his left hand remained. The similar cognomen, Scaeva, which occurs in other gentes, including among the Junii, is generally assumed to mean "left handed", and Scaevola could be a diminutive form; but in ordinary usage, scaevola referred to an amulet.The New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v.

Flaccus belonged to the patrician gens Valeria, one of the most important gentes of the Republic. Flaccus' ancestors reached the consulship over five generations; his grandfather was consul in 152, his father was consul in 131 and also Flamen Martialis, the sacred priest of Mars. In addition, Flaccus had two homonymous cousins active during his lifetime: Gaius Valerius Flaccus, who became consul 93, and Lucius Valerius Flaccus, consul in 86. The earliest official capacity recorded for Lucius Flaccus is monetalis ("moneyer"), a common preliminary to the political career track for young men of senatorial rank.

Nobility offered protection in exchange for service French aristocrats, c. 1774 The term derives from Latin nobilitas, the abstract noun of the adjective nobilis ("noble but also secondarily well- known, famous, notable"). In ancient Roman society, nobiles originated as an informal designation for the political governing class who had allied interests, including both patricians and plebeian families (gentes) with an ancestor who had risen to the consulship through his own merit (see novus homo, "new man"). In modern usage, "nobility" is applied to the highest social class in pre-modern societies, excepting the ruling dynasty.

"Cosa Nostra è come una rosa rossa, è bella, molto bella, ma se la prendi, ti punge" , by Laura Coltrinari, Gentes magazine, February 2006Paoli, Mafia Brotherhoods, p. 146 Rotolo received morphine base from the Turkish trafficker Yasar Avni Mussulullu who delivered the shipments close to the coast of Sicily on Rotolo's indications where they were picked by smaller fishing boats. The morphine base was refined into heroin at laboratories on Sicily and smuggled to the United States to feed the famous Pizza Connection.Blumenthal, Last Days of the Sicilians, p.

In the field of the judiciary he decided that he would only rule on public law cases and left to the pater familias and the gentes rulings on private law cases. After conquering and annexing the territories of the collis Viminalis and Esquilinus he distributed them to landless Romans. He ruled too that freed slaves couls take part in public life and be censed as if they were ordinary free men. Those who were unwilling to go back to their home land should be registered in one of the four tribes he had created.

At least two of this family bore surnames derived from other gentes; Clodianus was borne by a Lentulus who had been adopted from the Clodii, while Marcellinus belonged to a member of the family who was adopted from the Claudii Marcelli.Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum i. 19. § 2.Pliny the Elder, xviii. 3. The Cornelii Rufini appear in the latter half of the fourth century BC, beginning with Publius Cornelius Rufinus, dictator in 334 BC. From the surname Rufinus, meaning "reddish", one may infer that the first of this family had red hair.

Hoplias aimara, also known as anjumara, traira, trahira, manjuma, anjoemara and wolf fish, is a species of freshwater fish found in the rivers of South America. In Amazonia, the native populations are concerned by high levels of mercury contamination which has been linked to the consumption of contaminated fish. H. aimara is a good bioindicator of such contamination.Maury-Brachet, R., Gentes, S., Dassié, E. P., Feurtet-Mazel, A., Vigouroux, R., Laperche, V., ... & Legeay, A. (2019) Mercury contamination levels in the bioindicator piscivorous fish Hoplias aïmara in French Guiana rivers: mapping for risk assessment.

Beginning with their revolt against Tarquin, and continuing through the early years of the Republic, Rome's patrician aristocrats were the dominant force in politics and society. They initially formed a closed group of about 50 large families, called gentes, who monopolised Rome's magistracies, state priesthoods and senior military posts. The most prominent of these families were the Cornelii, followed by the Aemilii, Claudii, Fabii, and Valerii. The power, privilege and influence of leading families derived from their wealth, in particular from their landholdings, their position as patrons, and their numerous clients.

Quintus () is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was common throughout all periods of Roman history. It was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic gentes Quinctia and Quinctilia. The feminine form is Quinta. The name was regularly abbreviated Q.Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & MythologyMika Kajava, Roman Female Praenomina: Studies in the Nomenclature of Roman Women (1994) Throughout Roman history, Quintus was one of the most common praenomina, generally occupying fourth or fifth place, behind Lucius, Gaius, and Marcus, and occurring about as frequently as Publius.

Agagianian sat on the Board of Presidency of the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II), which took place from 1962 to 1965. He was appointed by Pope Paul VI as one of the four moderators who directed the course of the debates, along with Leo Joseph Suenens, Julius Döpfner, and Giacomo Lercaro. Agagianian was the only one of these four from the Curia, and represented the Eastern Catholic Churches. He had a special role in the preparation of the missionary decree Ad gentes and Gaudium et spes, the Constitution on the Church in the Modern World.

The preacher impersonates the Hebrew prophets whose Messianic utterances he works into an argument establishing the Divinity of Christ. Having confuted the Jews out of the mouths of their own teachers, the orator addresses himself to the unbelieving Gentiles— "Ecce, convertimur ad gentes." The testimony of Virgil, Nabuchodonosor, and the Erythraean Sibyl is eloquently set forth and interpreted in favour of the general thesis. As early as the eleventh century this sermon had taken the form of a metrical dramatic dialogue, the stage-arrangement adhering closely to the original.

Although it was occasionally used by families of Latin origin, the praenomen Statius occurs much more frequently in Oscan gentes, and particularly amongst the Samnites. Chase concludes that the name is clearly of Oscan origin, although it may be that it belongs to that class of names which was common to both Oscan and Latin.Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, books IX, XXIIIGeorge Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII (1897) Aulus Gellius recorded the tradition that Statius was a name originally given to persons of servile origin.

Vibius is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was occasionally used throughout the period of the Roman Republic and perhaps into imperial times. It gave rise to the patronymic gens Vibia. The feminine form is Vibia. As a praenomen, it was usually abbreviated V.Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & MythologyRealencyclopädie der Classischen AltertumswissenschaftMika Kajava, Roman Female Praenomina: Studies in the Nomenclature of Roman Women (1994) Although never especially common, the praenomen Vibius appears in a number of Roman families, including the gentes Anicia, Curia, Octavia, Oppia, Sestia, Sextia, and Vedia.

Clement of Alexandria summarized the approach in Cohortatio ad gentes, addressing the pagans: "Those to whom you bow were once men like yourselves."Quoted in Seznec (1995) The Survival of the Pagan Gods Princeton University Press pg 12, who observes (p. 13) of the numerous Christian examples he mentions, "Thus Euhemerism became a favorite weapon of the Christian polemicists, a weapon they made use of at every turn". The 18th century produced a considerable body of works that sought to "unveil" concepts from the ancient world, including the pagan gods.

Rubus rosa is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It grows in eastern Canada (Québec) and the eastern and central United States (from Maine south to North Carolina and west as far as Nebraska).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1944. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(8): 538–546, figures 244–246 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus arvensis, the field blackberry, is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is found in scattered locations in the southeastern and south-central United States (from eastern Texas to the Carolinas, with isolated populations in Kentucky).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1945. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(9): 695, 698, figure 313 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus curtipes, the shortstalk dewberry, is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It grows in scattered locations in the northeastern and north-central United States from Massachusetts west to Minnesota and south to Tennessee, but nowhere is it very common..Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 362, figure 160 Rubus curtipes is a prickly perennial with biennial canes. First-year canes are arching, sometimes rooting the tips.

Rubus felix, the woodland dewberry, is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found in scattered locations in the eastern United States (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Long Island in New York State, Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky). Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 271, figure 111 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus bigelovianus, the lowland blackberry, is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to the States of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New York in the northeastern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1934. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 3(5): 255–256, figure 136The Plant List, Rubus bigelovianus L.H.Bailey The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus provincialis is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It is found in eastern Canada (Québec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia) and in the northeastern and east-central United States (Maine, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(2): 80–82, figure 27 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus pugnax is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It is found in eastern and central Canada (Québec, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia) and in the eastern United States (Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, West Virginia).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1944. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(8): 524–525, figure 235 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus pascuus is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows only in the United States, primarily in the Ozarks of Missouri and Arkansas but with scattered populations farther east in New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(6): 440–442, figure 200 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus quaesitus is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found in the States of Minnesota and Wisconsin in the north-central United States, plus isolated populations in the Province of New Brunswick in eastern Canada.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1944. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(7): 485, 488, figure 219 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus uvidus is a North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in the province of Québec in eastern Canada, as well as in the northeastern and north-central United States (New York, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Wisconsin).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 304, figure 129 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus steelei is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows only in the United States, primarily in the upper Mississippi Valley, the Great Lakes region and the Appalachian Mountains, with isolated populations scattered in Texas, Georgia, and Alabama.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 268–269, figure 109 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus scambens is uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in the east-central United States, in the states of Maryland and Virginia, as well as in the District of Columbia (also called the City of Washington, the nation's capital).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 382 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus montensis a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the states of Pennsylvania, Maryland, North Carolina, and West Virginia in the eastern United States as well as the Province of Nova Scotia in eastern Canada.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(6): 378 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Different species use different strategies based on host defensive strategies. Female cuckoos have secretive and fast laying behaviors, but in some cases, males have been shown to lure host adults away from their nests so that the female can lay her egg in the nest. Some host species may directly try to prevent cuckoos laying eggs in their nest in the first place – birds whose nests are at high risk of cuckoo-contamination are known to 'mob' cuckoos to drive them out of the area. Parasitic cuckoos are grouped into gentes, with each gens specializing in a particular host.

Proculus was an uncommon name, but was occasionally used by both patrician and plebeian families. Those known to have used it included the Betutii, Geganii, Julii, Sertorii, and Verginii; and naturally Proculus must once have been used by the ancestors of the gentes Proculeia and Procilia. Other families which later used the name as a cognomen may originally have used it as a praenomen. The scholar Varro described Proculus as an archaic praenomen, which was no longer in general use by the first century BC. As a cognomen, however, Proculus was still common, and it became even more so during imperial times.

The term "international law" is sometimes divided into "public" and "private" international law, particularly by civil law scholars, who seek to follow a Roman tradition.There is an ongoing debate on the relationship between different branches of international law. Roman lawyers would have further distinguished jus gentium, the law of nations, and jus inter gentes, agreements between nations. On this view, "public" international law is said to cover relations between nation-states and includes fields such as treaty law, law of sea, international criminal law, the laws of war or international humanitarian law, international human rights law, and refugee law.

Záh (Zaah or Zách) was the name of a gens (Latin for "clan"; nemzetség in Hungarian) in the Kingdom of Hungary. The clan was one of the 108 gentes during the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin and located in Nógrád County along with the Kacsics, Kartal, Kökényesradnót and Tomaj clans.Magyar katolikus lexikon: Nógrád vármegye Felician Záh tries to kill the Hungarian royal family (Soma Orlai Petrich) The gens provided several high dignitaries in the era of Árpáds, including Nicholas, son of Borsa who served as ispán (Count; comes) of Sopron County between 1221 and 1233. Conrad, son of Albős (c.

Servius belonged to the patrician gens Cornelia, one of the oldest and most successful gentes of the Republic; no other gens had more consulships than the Cornelii. The cognomen Maluginensis is the first recorded among the Cornelii; it was first borne by Servius Cornelius, also the first consul of the gens. Servius was the son of Publius Cornelius Maluginensis, consular tribune in 404, and the grandson of Marcus Cornelius Maluginensis, consul in 436. He also had an elder brother, Publius Cornelius Maluginensis, the first to bear the famous cognomen of Scipio, who was consular tribune in 397, 395, and 394.

Some motets, such as Omnes Gentes developed the model almost to its limits. In these motets, instruments are an integral part of the performance, and only the choirs marked "Capella" are to be performed by singers for each part. There seems to be a distinct change in Gabrieli's style after 1605, the year of publication of Monteverdi's Quinto libro di madrigali, and Gabrieli's compositions are in a much more homophonic style as a result. There are sections purely for instruments – called "Sinfonia" – and small sections for soloists singing florid lines, accompanied simply by a basso continuo.

Ptolemy IIAlso Bartholomew, which means "son of Ptolemy." (also Ptolemæus or Tolomeo) (died 1153) was the count of Tusculum and consul of the Romans (consul Romanorum) from 1126 to his death. He was the son and successor of Ptolemy I. The younger Ptolemy entered the political scene of central Italy for the first time in 1117, when he appears as joint count with his father and is given in marriage to Bertha, illegitimate daughter of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor. At this time, the counts of Tusculum first claimed descent through the gentes Julii and Octavii, a claim Ptolemy continued.

An eldest son was usually named after his father, and younger sons were named after their father's brothers or other male ancestors. In this way, the same praenomina were passed down in a family from one generation to the next. Not only did this serve to emphasize the continuity of a family across many generations, but the selection of praenomina also distinguished the customs of one gens from another. The patrician gentes in particular tended to limit the number of praenomina that they used far more than the plebeians, which was a way of reinforcing the exclusiveness of their social status.

Another influence is the Sabine one that is reflected in the use of ox skin as a support for writing. Besides it is detectable in the character of the laws themselves as in the cases of the ones emanated by Servius Tullius, Numa Pompilius and even Romulus, as he reigned together with Titus Tatius. Etruscan influences become apparent in the period of Etruscan kings and are of political, economic and juridical nature: an example is the attitude of the king towards the gentes, whose function was weakened by Etruscan kings.G. Pugliese Istituzioni di diritto romano-Sintesi p.12.

The region was inhabited by ancestors of Western Balts – Old Prussians, Sudovians/Jotvingians, Scalvians, Nadruvians, and Curonians while the eastern Balts settled in what is now Lithuania, Latvia and Belarus. The Greek explorer Pytheas (4th century ) may have referred to the territory as Mentenomon and to the inhabitants as Guttones (neighbours of the Teutones, probably referring to the Goths). A river to the east of the Vistula was called the Guttalus, perhaps corresponding to the Nemunas, the Łyna, or the Pregola. In 98 Tacitus described one of the tribes living near the Baltic Sea () as Aestiorum gentes and amber-gatherers.

The Table as it appears in the Historia in Harley MS 3859 The red A begins Ab Hisitione autem orte sunt quattuor gentes..., "From Istio were sprung four peoples..." The Table was incorporated into the Historia Brittonum (written c. 830), where it is fully integrated into a series of genealogical texts. It follows the generations of Noah from Genesis, of which the Table itself may be an imitation, and is followed by a genealogy tracing the three brothers' descent from Adam. As in EMF, in the Historia Brittonum the main genealogy is connected to a single royal Roman progenitor.

Asina was a member of the patrician gens Cornelia, one of the leading gentes throughout the Republic. Members of the gens had held 29 consulships before him. The Scipiones were one the stirpes of the Cornelii that emerged during the fourth century, and by Asina's time it had become very influential. All his known relatives were consul in the third century: Asina's father Gnaeus Scipio Asina in 260 and 254, his grandfather Scipio Barbatus in 298, his uncle Lucius Scipio in 259, and his cousins Publius Scipio in 218 and Gnaeus Scipio Calvus in 222, the year before Asina's own consulship.

De fluminibus, fontibus, lacubus, nemoribus, gentibus, quorum apud poëtas mentio fit is made up of seven alphabetical lists of geographical names mentioned by poets, especially Virgil, Ovid and Lucan. Several of the names do not appear in our copies of the poets; unless this is the result of carelessness or ignorance by the compiler, he must have had access to sources no longer extant. The lists are: # Flumina (rivers/waterways) # Fontes (springs) # Lacus (lakes) # Nemora (forests) # Paludes (marshes) # Montes (mountains) # Gentes (peoples) The work was mainly copied by Italian humanists in the second-half of the 9th century.

65 Eutharic's status in both the Gothic and Roman world was elevated by the attentions of Theoderic the Great to whom he was related distantly through their mutual connection with Hermanric.Goetz, Regna and Gentes, p. 93 Hermanric was an Ostrogoth chief who ruled much of the territory north of the Black Sea. Eutharic was descended through five generations from Hermanric, whilst Theoderic was a descendant of Hermanric's older brother Vultwulf.O'Donnell, Cassiodorus, Ch. 2 By the late 5th century Theoderic was king of the Ostrogoths, ruling from Ravenna in Italy and a close ally of the Roman Emperor Zeno.

In practice, the extreme form of this right was seldom exercised, and was eventually limited by law.See also Severy, 9-10 for interpretation of the social, economic and religious role of the paterfamilias within the immediate and extended family and the broader community. Genius was the essential spirit and generative power – depicted as a serpent or as a perennial youth, often winged – within an individual and their clan (gens (pl. gentes). A paterfamilias could confer his name, a measure of his genius and a role in his household rites, obligations and honours upon those he fathered or adopted.

Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft The praenomen Septimus was quite rare at Rome, but it seems to have been more popular in rural Italy. It was certainly used by the gentes Marcia and Modia, and must have been used by the ancestors of gens Septimia. Chase cites two inscriptions in which it occurs after the nomen of a woman, in the place usually occupied by the cognomen. However, Septimus is not otherwise attested as a cognomen in either family, suggesting that the order of names was reversed, and that the praenomen was used by the Aebutii and Casperii.

Several stories were told of the foundation of the Aemilii, of which the most familiar was that their ancestor, Mamercus, was the son of Numa Pompilius. In the late Republic, several other gentes claimed descent from Numa, including the Pompilii, Pomponii, Calpurnii, and Pinarii. A variation of this account stated that Mamercus was the son of Pythagoras, who was sometimes said to have taught Numa. However, as Livy observed, this was not possible, as Pythagoras was not born until more than a century after Numa's death, and was still living in the early days of the Republic.

This explanation is almost certainly wrong, and is an example of false etymology. However, it probably contributed to the decline in the use of the praenomen, and gave rise to the modern adjective spurious.Sextus Pompeius Festus, epitome by Paulus DiaconusGeorge Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII (1897) While it cannot be proven that any Latin praenomina were borrowed from Etruscan, and Spurius was used by a number of gentes of indisputably Latin origin, the explanation that it was connected with a word meaning city or citizen appears reasonably likely.

Cuckoos are a canonical example of brood parasitism, a form of parasitism where the mother has its offspring raised by another unwitting individual, often from a different species, cutting down the biological mother's parental investment in the process. The ability to lay eggs that mimic the host eggs is the key adaptation. The adaptation to different hosts is inherited through the female line in so-called gentes (gens, singular). Cases of intraspecific brood parasitism, where a female lays in a conspecific's nest, as illustrated by the goldeneye duck (Bucephala clangula), do not represent a case of mimicry.

Rubus alumnus, the oldfield blackberry, is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to eastern and central Canada (Ontario, Québec, Nova Scotia) and the eastern and central United States (from Maine south to North Carolina and west as far as Oklahoma, Kansas, and Minnesota).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1941. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(1): 82–84, figure 28 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus exsularis, the fenceline dewberry, is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found in the northeastern and north-central United States, primarily in the Appalachian Mountains from New York to Kentucky, with a few isolated populations in southeastern Wisconsin.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1943. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(5): 386, 388, 390, figure 175 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus deamii, common name Deam's dewberry, is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It grows in scattered locations in the east-central United States and southern Canada, from Ontario south to Missouri, Tennessee, and West Virginia, but nowhere is it very common.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(7): 463–464, figure 203 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

However, the name was by no means unique to the Claudian gens. During a political crisis in the middle of the 5th century BC, the Capitol was seized by a force of political refugees and slaves in a brief revolt led by Appius Herdonius. Herdonius was a Sabine, like the ancestors of the Claudii, but his name shows that Appius had an existence independent of that gens. During the later years of the Republic, and continuing into Imperial times, the praenomen Appius was used by several plebeian gentes, including the Annii, Junii, Modii, Popidii, Saufeii, Silvii, and Villii.

Rubus michiganensis is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found in the Province of Ontario in central Canada, as well as in the Great Lakes region and in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States (Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, and New Jersey).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1925. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(6): 334 Rubus michiganensis has trailing stems that grow horizontally across the surface of sandy soil or slightly below the surface.

Scipio belonged to the patrician gens Cornelia, one of the most important gentes of the Roman Republic. In the second century BC, the Cornelii Scipiones were the leading family at Rome, thanks to the large victories won by its members, such as that of Scipio Africanus against Hannibal, Scipio Asiaticus against Antiochos III, Scipio Hispallus against the Spaniards, or Scipio Nasica against the Boii. Scipio Africanus had two sons, Publius and Lucius, who however did not have the same prestigious career as their father; Lucius was embroiled in a corruption scandal, and Publius, the elder, had a weak health. The latter was nonetheless a noted historian and scholar.

210-211 Tejada's library.the part handed over to RACMYP consisted of 24,000 books, Ramírez 2013, p. 210. In principle RACMYP accepts only full donations; as Tejada's widow was unwilling to cede ownership, it took complex negotiations to get the deal closed, Ramírez Jerez 2013, pp. 207-210 Already in 1977 Tejada lamented that Spanish universities were becoming mimetic replicas of the European ones;he noted that "nuestra universidad es la que corresponde a unas gentes que han perdido su identidad de patria", ABC 27.07.77, available here some claim that indeed, in the 1980s and 1990s Traditionalism as scientific school was almost entirely eradicated from Spanish academic realm,Garralda Arizcun 1995, p.

CIL: Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Berlin IRCP: José d’Encarnação: 1984, Inscrições romanas do Conventus Pacensis, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra E. Hübner: 1887, "Monumentos de Balsa (perto de Tavira)", Revista Archeologica e Histórica, Lisboa, p. 33-38 José d’Encarnação: 1987, “A população romana do litoral algarvio”, in Anais do Município de Faro, XVII, C. M. de Faro, Faro Maria Alves Dias: 1989, “A propósito de duas inscrições romanas da Quinta deTorre d’Ares (Luz, Tavira)”, in O Arqueólogo Português, IV s. n° 6/7, Lisboa José d’Encarnação: 2003, “Quão importantes eram as gentes!...”, in Tavira, Território e Poder, Museu Nacional de Arqueologia/C.

This was derived from the biblical usage of the Latin phrase gentes or gentiles, the latter form common in traditional English translations of the Bible. This terminology was abandoned, which has been taken as recognition of eventual conversion to Christianity. The literary meaning of Old Irish and Old Welsh Dub is normally given as "dark" or "black", while Middle Irish finn (Old Irish find, Modern Irish fionn) is given as "light" or "white". Smyth, referring to the Dictionary of the Irish Language by the Royal Irish Academy, adds that Dub can mean "gloomy" or "melancholy" in a moral sense, and has the intensive meaning of "great" or "mighty".

As an author he is best known for his novels Mamita Yunai (1940), which denounced the harsh condition endured by workers for the United Fruit Company and which is referenced in Pablo Neruda's Canto General, and for Marcos Ramírez (1952), a humorous bildungsroman about the life of a Costa Rican boy in the early 20th century, taken largely from Fallas's own life. Other works include Gentes y gentecillas (1947), and Mi madrina (1954). Despite his brief formal schooling and relatively meager output, Fallas is one of the most widely read Costa Rican authors. In 1962 he was awarded the William Faulkner Foundation's Ibero- American Novel Prize for Marcos Ramírez.

The first three psalms are scored in a bold, exuberant manner, contrasting with the strict, stile antico counterpoint of the a cappella fourth psalm, and the tranquility of the fifth movement. The Magnificat sees a return to the style of the opening settings. # Dixit Dominus (Psalm 110) Allegro vivace, C major, 3/4 # Confitebor tibi Domine (Psalm 111) Allegro, E-flat major, common time # Beatus vir qui timet Dominum (Psalm 112) Allegro vivace, G major, 3/4 # Laudate pueri Dominum (Psalm 113) Allegro, D minor, cut common time # Laudate Dominum omnes gentes (Psalm 117) Andante, F major, 6/8 #: Mozart departs from the structure of K. 321 in this movement.

The gens Servilia was a patrician family at Rome. The gens was celebrated during the early ages of the Republic, and the names of few gentes appear more frequently at this period in the consular Fasti. It continued to produce men of influence in the state down to the latest times of the Republic, and even in the imperial period. The first member of the gens who obtained the consulship was Publius Servilius Priscus Structus in 495 BC, and the last of the name who appears in the consular Fasti is Quintus Servilius Silanus, in AD 189, thus occupying a prominent position in the Roman state for nearly seven hundred years.

A similar objection has been made with respect to the decemvirs; while plebeians are not supposed to have been included in the first college, it has been argued that some of the decemvirs bore plebeian names.Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome, pp. 252–256. Since the Romilii vanish from history for several centuries after the time of the decemvirs, it may not be possible to prove whether the Romilii were patrician or plebeian. The Romilii mentioned in imperial times may well have been plebeians; but most patrician gentes eventually acquired plebeian branches, often descended from freedmen or newly enfranchised citizens, who assumed the nomina of their patrons.

The serious study of nomina gentilia is just beginning, due to the accumulation of sufficient names on which to base hypotheses. A family might be concentrated at one location or appear in a number of cities, and be spelled in as many as a dozen different ways. The Romans themselves identified a good many gentes at Rome that were originally Etruscan and since then scholars have spotted more. It is not unlikely that much of the patrician class, which was most powerful under the Etruscan kings, was or was derived from an Etruscan model, which dated to no earlier than the 8th century BC.

Abbott, 6 When the early Roman gentes were aggregating to form a common community, the patres from the leading clans were selectedAbbott, 16 for the confederated board of elders that would become the Roman senate. Over time, the patres came to recognize the need for a single leader, and so they elected a king (rex), and vested in him their sovereign power.Byrd, 42 When the king died, that sovereign power naturally reverted to the patres. The senate is said to have been created by Rome's first king, Romulus, initially consisting of 100 men. The descendants of those 100 men subsequently became the patrician class.

He wanted the debate to begin on 6 January, which was, as historian Steven Farmer has observed, the feast of Epiphany and "symbolic date of the submission of the pagan gentes to Christ in the persons of the Magi". After emerging victorious at the culmination of the debate, Pico planned not only on the symbolic acquiescence of the pagan sages, but also the conversion of Jews as they realised that Jesus was the true secret of their traditions. According to Farmer, Pico may have been expecting quite literally that "his Vatican debate would end with the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse crashing through the Roman skies".Hanegraaff p.

Entrance to the Tomb of the Scipios at Rome. The gens Cornelia was one of the greatest patrician houses at ancient Rome. For more than seven hundred years, from the early decades of the Republic to the third century AD, the Cornelii produced more eminent statesmen and generals than any other gens. At least seventy-five consuls under the Republic were members of this family, beginning with Servius Cornelius Maluginensis in 485 BC. Together with the Aemilii, Claudii, Fabii, Manlii, and Valerii, the Cornelii were almost certainly numbered among the gentes maiores, the most important and powerful families of Rome, who for centuries dominated the Republican magistracies.

In historic times, the two colleges of priests, known as Luperci, who carried out the sacred rituals of the Lupercalia, were known by these names, suggesting that in the earliest times, the gentes Quinctilia and Fabia superintended these rites as a sacrum gentilicium. Another example of such responsibilities concerned the Pinarii and the Potitii, who maintained the worship of Hercules. Such sacred rites were gradually transferred to the state, or opened to the Roman populus; a well-known legend attributed the destruction of the Potitii to the abandonment of their religious office. In later times, the privilege of the Lupercalia had ceased to be confined to the Fabii and the Quinctilii.

A critical point might be when he received news of a sudden enemy raid that captured his baggage and the royal entourage.Petrus Patricius, Excerpta de legationibus ad gentes at N.C. Lieu, D. Montserrat, pp.57-58 According to the peace finalized at Serdica on 1 March 317 (a date chosen deliberately by Constantine because it was the anniversary of his father's elevation), Licinius recognised Constantine as his superior in government, ceded to him all European territories except for Thrace and deposed and executed Valens. Constantine named himself and Licinius consuls while his two sons Crispus and Constantine II and Licinius' son, also called Licinius, were all appointed Caesars.

Münzer, Roman Aristocratic Parties, p. 260. The name of the Fabii was associated with one of the two colleges of the Luperci, the priests who carried on the sacred rites of the ancient religious festival of the Lupercalia. The other college bore the name of the Quinctilii, suggesting that in the earliest times these two gentes superintended these rites as a sacrum gentilicum, much as the Pinarii and Potitii maintained the worship of Hercules. Such sacred rites were gradually transferred to the state, or opened to the Roman populus; a well-known legend attributed the destruction of the Potitii to the abandonment of its religious office.

Simón Bolivar and Antonio Nariño were in favor of centralism, which was also becoming more popular in Santa Fe de Bogotá. This disagreement threw the United Provinces into an armed confrontation at the end of 1812, and a second one, without Nariño, in 1814.Hechos y Gentes de la primera Republica Colombiana (1810-1816) Luis Angel Arango Library – Virtual Library Federalists (partisans of Francisco de Paula Santander, who saw centralism as a restriction of freedom) would later evolve into the Liberal Party of Colombia. Centralists (partisans of Antonio Nariño and Simón Bolívar, who wanted to see the nation centralized) would evolve into the Colombian Conservative Party.

It was also the name of one of the legendary kings of Alba Longa, Agrippa Silvius, whose descendants came to Rome following the destruction of that city during the reign of Tullus Hostilius.Marcus Terentius Varro, quoted in De Praenominibus (epitome by Julius Paris)Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, books I-V Although the name is not known to have been used as a praenomen by any other gentes, it appeared as a cognomen in several families, including the Asinii, Fonteii, Haterii, Julii, and Vipsanii. Each of these families may once have used Agrippa as a praenomen. As a cognomen, the name survived into Imperial times.

Rubus conanicutensis called the Conanicut Island blackberry,Tree of Life, Rubus L., 1753 is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the State of Rhode Island in the northeastern United States;Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(9): 801, 804, figure 369 particularly, on its namesake island, Conanicut Island] in Narragansett Bay, which is part of the town of Jamestown, Rhode Island. The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

The responsum had prescribed human sacrifice, one man for each one of the gentes (families or clans) living near the banks of the Tiber. This early population was believed to have been of Greek origin, and hence Argei derived from Argivi (the Greek ethnonym "Argives"), specifically the companions of Evander and later those of Hercules who had decided to stay on and live there. This responsum predated the founding of Rome. One way to interpret the ritual of the Argei was that early inhabitants of what was to become Rome had practiced human sacrifice as prescribed; Ovid insists, however, that Hercules had put an end to it, and that human sacrifice was never a practice of the Romans themselves.

Gentes "Estamos ganando" headline ("We're winning") Selected war correspondents were regularly flown to Port Stanley in military aircraft to report on the war. Back in Buenos Aires, newspapers and magazines faithfully reported on "the heroic actions of the largely conscript army and its successes". Officers from the intelligence services were attached to the newspapers and 'leaked' information confirming the official communiqués from the government. The glossy magazines Gente and Siete Días swelled to 60 pages with colour photographs of British warships in flames—many of them faked—and bogus eyewitness reports of the Argentine commandos' guerrilla war on South Georgia (6 May) and an already dead Pucará pilot's attack on HMS Hermes (Lt.

The Franks, and other groups throughout Europe, were seen as different gentes but to Basil and the rest of the Byzantines, "Roman" wasn't a gens. Romans were defined chiefly by their lack of a gens and as such, Louis wasn't Roman and thus not a Roman emperor. There was only one Roman emperor, Basil himself, and though Basil considered that Louis could be an Emperor of the Franks, he appears to have questioned this as well seeing as only the ruler of the Romans was to be titled basileus (emperor). As illustrated by Louis's letter, the western idea of ethnicity was different from the Byzantine idea; everyone belonged to some form of ethnicity.

Its ancient origins, going back to the 3rd century B.C with the Roman conquest of the Picenum area in 268 B.C., are proven by early soldiers family names on many Roman tombstones, such as the gentes Baebia, Calpurnia and Flavia, but it is probable that also the social organization of the Picenes hamlets and trade center from the neighbourhood converged in the Roman centre of Septempeda.This article is based partly on the guide: Amedeo Gubinelli, San Severino Marche, Guida Storica Artistica, EDC ed. 1975. It has been adapted and translated by students and teachers of ITIS Divini San Severino Marche, 2009. Between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B.C. the conciliabulum and the possible praefectura were built.

However, only one of Tye's works, Actes of the Apostles of 1553, a verse translation of the Acts of the Apostles into four part harmony, was published during his lifetime. Compared to his polyphonic works, this work is not well regarded, although it is from this collection that his most familiar piece is derived; the most common tune of "While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks". His surviving Latin polyphonic choral works, most likely dating from the reign of Henry VIII include three full masses - the Peterhouse mass, a Westron Wynde mass and a six voice Missa Euge bone. Other surviving movements from psalms include Quaesumus omnipotens et misericors Deus, Miserere mei, Deus, Omnes gentes, plaudite manibus, Peccavimus cum patribus nostris.

While there were popular elections each year, the Republic was not a democracy, but an oligarchy, as a small number of powerful families (called gentes) monopolised the main magistracies. Roman institutions underwent considerable changes throughout the Republic to adapt to the difficulties it faced, such as the creation of promagistracies to rule its conquered provinces, or the composition of the senate. Unlike the Pax Romana of the Roman Empire, the Republic was in a state of quasi-perpetual war throughout its existence. Its first enemies were its Latin and Etruscan neighbours as well as the Gauls, who even sacked the city in 387 BC. The Republic nonetheless demonstrated extreme resilience and always managed to overcome its losses, however catastrophic.

The concept of the gens was not uniquely Roman, but was shared with communities throughout Italy, including those who spoke Italic languages such as Latin, Oscan, and Umbrian as well as the Etruscans. All of these peoples were eventually absorbed into the sphere of Roman culture.Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, Book IIDictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor The oldest gentes were said to have originated before the foundation of Rome (traditionally 753 BC), and claimed descent from mythological personages as far back as the time of the Trojan War (traditionally ended 1184 BC). However, the establishment of the gens cannot long predate the adoption of hereditary surnames.

Certain gentes were considered patrician, and others plebeian. According to tradition, the patricians were descended from the "city fathers", or patres; that is, the heads of family at the time of its foundation by Romulus, the first King of Rome. Other noble families which came to Rome during the time of the kings were also admitted to the patriciate, including several who emigrated from Alba Longa after that city was destroyed by Tullus Hostilius. The last known instance of a gens being admitted to the patriciate prior to the 1st century BC was when the Claudii were added to the ranks of the patricians after coming to Rome in 504 BC, five years after the establishment of the Republic.

Denarius of Lucius Valerius Flaccus, consul in 100 BC, and later magister equitum to the dictator Sulla. The gens Valeria was a patrician family at ancient Rome, prominent from the very beginning of the Republic to the latest period of the Empire. Publius Valerius Poplicola was one of the consuls in 509 BC, the year that saw the overthrow of the Tarquins, and the members of his family were among the most celebrated statesmen and generals at the beginning of the Republic. Over the next ten centuries, few gentes produced as many distinguished men, and at every period the name of Valerius was constantly to be found in the lists of annual magistrates, and held in the highest honour.

In the Greek language, the word logos expressed both the notions of "language" and "reason", so Greek-speakers readily conflated speaking poorly with stupidity. Further changes occurred in the connotations of barbari/barbaroi in Late Antiquity,See in particular Ralph W. Mathison, Roman Aristocrats in Barbarian Gaul: Strategies for Survival in an Age of Transition (Austin) 1993, pp. 1–6, 39–49; Gerhart B. Ladner, "On Roman attitudes towards barbarians in late antiquity" Viator 77 (1976), pp. 1–25. when bishops and catholikoi were appointed to sees connected to cities among the "civilized" gentes barbaricae such as in Armenia or Persia, whereas bishops were appointed to supervise entire peoples among the less settled.

As the Roman nomenclature system began to break down towards the end of the Western Empire in the 4th and 5th centuries, Faustus once again became a personal name, and it has survived into modern times.Realencyclopädie der Classischen AltertumswissenschaftMika Kajava, Roman Female Praenomina: Studies in the Nomenclature of Roman Women (1994) The best-known examples of this praenomen are from the family of the dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla, who in 81 B.C. named his twin children Faustus and Fausta. The name continued to be used regularly by his descendants over the next two centuries. Other gentes from which examples are known include the Antistii, Decimii, Lartii, Paccii, Veidii, and Vibii; and perhaps also the Julii, Servii, and Sestii.

She warns against assuming that the minor peoples (of 7000 hides or less) possessed any "means of defining themselves as a distinct gentes". Among these, the Isle of Wight and the South Gyrwe tribes, tiny in terms of their hidages and geographically isolated from other peoples, were among the few who possessed their own royal dynasties. P. H. Sawyer argues that the values may have had a symbolic purpose and that they were intended to be an expression of the status of each kingdom and province. To Sawyer, the obscurity of some of the tribal names and the absence from the list of others points to an early date for the original text, which he describes as a "monument to Mercian power".

Scottish chroniclers gloat over the story of his capture by Robert the Bruce, and tell how this king forced his prisoner to sing the defeat of his own countrymen as the price of his freedom. Baston's verses on this occasion are rhymed hexameters, with the rhymes disposed very irregularly. One couplet, describing Robert Bruce before the engagement, may serve as an example:— : Cernit, discernit acies pro Marte paratas; : Tales mortales gentes censet superatas. Archibald Bower gives the verses in full as "worthy for their goodness to be set on a candlestick;" but the Scottish writers of the next century were fully alive to their faults, which the English ascribed to the fact of their author's having penned them with an unwilling muse and against his conscience.

In Augustus' own words: Alpes a regione ea, quae proxima est Hadriatico mari, ad Tuscum pacari feci, nullae genti bello per iniuriam inlato ("I pacified the Alps all the way from the Adriatic to the Tyrrhenian seas, without waging an unjust war on any tribe").Res Gestae 26 Although the latter claim is questionable, there is no doubt about the comprehensive and permanent nature of Augustus' subjugation of all the mountain tribes. In 7 BC, Augustus erected the Tropaeum Alpium ("Victory Monument of the Alps") at La Turbie (Alpes-Maritimes, France) to commemorate his conquest of the Alps. The inscription on the monument, transcribed by Pliny the Elder, listed 45 Alpinae gentes devictae ("conquered Alpine tribes"), including the Raeti and Vindelici.

It was not feasible to revise the Code of Canon Law until after the conclusion of the Second Vatican Council, so that the decisions of the Council could guide the revision of ecclesiastical laws. Several of the council documents gave specific instructions regarding changes to the organization of the Catholic Church, in particular the decrees Christus Dominus, Presbyterorum Ordinis, Perfectae Caritatis, and Ad gentes. In 1966, Pope Paul VI issued norms to apply these instructions through the motu proprio Ecclesiae Sanctae. The Pontificia Commissio Codici iuris canonici recognoscendo, which had been established in 1963, continued the work of revising the Code of Canon Law through the pontificate of Paul VI, completing the work in the first years of the pontificate of John Paul II.

The Latin army that marched against the Romans on that occasion was commanded by Octavius Mamilius, the dictator of Tusculum, and a son-in-law of Tarquin's. Meanwhile, the first two consuls were each descendants of Demaratus; Brutus' mother was the king's sister, while his colleague was Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, the son of Egerius, and husband of Lucretia. Before his death at the hands of Titus Tarquinius, Brutus compelled his colleague to resign and go into exile, arguing that none of the Tarquinian gens should hold power at Rome. Three important Roman gentes claimed descent from Demaratus; the Junii, through the first consul; the Mamilii, who came to Rome from Tusculum in the fifth century BC; and the Tullii, through Servius Tullius.

It is possible that these early, suburban villas were also in fact the seats of power of regional strongmen or heads of important families (gentes). A third type of villa provided the organisational centre of the large holdings called latifundia, which produced and exported agricultural produce; such villas might lack luxuries. By the 4th century, "villa" could simply connote an agricultural holding: Jerome translated in the Gospel of Mark (xiv, 32) chorion, describing the olive grove of Gethsemane, with villa, without an inference that there were any dwellings there at all. Under the Empire, a concentration of imperial villas grew up near the Bay of Naples, especially on the isle of Capri, at Monte Circeo on the coast and at Antium (Anzio).

In 2017, Pope Francis noted the approaching centennial of this apostolic letter and called for October 2019 to be celebrated as an "Extraordinary Missionary Month". He noted that in Maximum illud Benedict tried to promote evangelization "purified of any colonial overtones and kept far away from the nationalistic and expansionistic aims that had proved so disastrous". He wrote: "The Apostolic Letter Maximum illud called for transcending national boundaries and bearing witness, with prophetic spirit and evangelical boldness, to God's saving will through the Church’s universal mission." The idea for special recognition of the Church's missionary work derived from a proposal by the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples that called for renewed consideration of Ad gentes, a 1965 decree of the Second Vatican Council on the missionary activity of the Church.

Rythmus (or Carmen) de Pippini regis Victoria AvaricaThis is its title in MGH, Poetae latini aevi Carolini, I, pp. 116ff, according to P. Wareman (1958), "Les débuts du lyrisme profane an moyen âge Latin," Neophilologus, 42(2), 99. Philip Schuyler Allen (1908), "Medieval Latin Lyrics: Part I," Modern Philology, 5(3), 440, grants it the English title Victory of Pippin over the Avari. Rosamond McKitterick (1994), Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ), 131-33, refers to it as the "Rhythm on the Avars" or "Avar Rhythm". ("Poem [song] of king Pippin's Avar victory"), also known by its incipit as Omnes gentes qui fecisti ("All peoples whom you created"), is a medieval Latin encomium celebrating the victory of King Pepin of Italy over the Avars in the summer of 796.

Lucius belonged to the patrician gens Cornelia, one of the most important gentes of the Republic, which counted more consulships than any other. He was the son of Publius, the consul of 218 who died against the Carthaginians at the Battle of the Upper Baetis in 211, and Pomponia, the daughter of Manius Pomponius Matho, consul in 233. Lucius also had an elder brother, Publius, better known as Scipio Africanus, who was the leading man of his generation and the vanquisher of Hannibal at the Battle of Zama in 202. Lucius was very close to his brother throughout his career, but had a conflicting relationship with his cousin Scipio Nasica since both of them were born circa 228, and therefore fought for the same magistracies at each stage of their cursus honorum.

At the foot of the Monte Nero there was a sacred temple, a unique one in the region, devoted to the cult of the goddess Feronia, divinity of Sabine origin to which the Liberti were consecrated. This suggests that the town of Septempeda (ancient name of uncertain origins of San Severino in the Roman age) had a pre-Roman origin. During the period of the persecutions of the Christians, the temple of Feronia was used as a catacomb and place for prayers. From the 3rd century BC, with the Roman conquest of the Piceno area in 268 BC, Septempeda became one of the first colonies of the Roman empire, as proven by many tombstones with family names of Roman soldiers, such as the gentes Baebia, Calpurnia and Flavia.

In the earliest times, when Rome still consisted of separate hilltop settlements, and into the earlier regal period until c. 550 BC, it is likely that there was no "Roman army" in the conventional sense, but war-bands based on the Roman gentes (clans), led by their clan-leaders e.g. the war-band of the Fabii, which, according to Livy numbered 306 cognati et sodales ("kinsmen and supporters") in 479 BC.Livy II.49.4 In this era, the predominant "warfare" consisted of chronic small-scale raiding and cattle- rustling against other clans and, later, neighbouring hill-tribes such as the Sabini and Aequi.Livy II.21.1 Only occasionally did the clan war-bands join together to form a larger force, in order to face a major threat from neighbouring tribes.

The Claudii became one of the greatest of the Roman gentes, supplying numerous magistrates over several centuries.Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, books I-V The Claudian gens was also one of the proudest and most conservative families at Rome, nearly always siding with the aristocratic party against the plebs and the more reform- minded amongst the patricians. Many of them were known as much by the praenomen Appius as by the nomen Claudius, and the most famous of Roman roads, the Via Appia, or Appian Way, was named for its builder, Appius Claudius Caecus. For this reason, it is often said that the Claudii, who made constant use of the name Appius, were the only family to use that praenomen, and that it must have been a Latinization of the Oscan praenomen Attius or Attus.

By the time Germanic speakers entered written history, their linguistic territory had stretched farther south, since a Germanic dialect continuum covered a region roughly located between the Rhine, the Vistula, the Danube, and southern Scandinavia during the first two centuries of the Common Era. Neighbouring language varieties diverged only slightly between each other in this continuum, but remote dialects were not necessarily mutually intelligible due to accumulated differences over the distance.; East Germanic speakers dwelt on the Baltic sea coasts and islands, while speakers of the Northwestern dialects occupied territories in present- day Denmark and bordering parts of Germany at the earliest date that they can be identified.; In the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE, migrations of East Germanic gentes from the Baltic Sea coast southeastwards into the hinterland led to their separation from the dialect continuum.

On May 12, 2005, Tyson was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Seattle and Titular Bishop of Migirpa by Pope Benedict XVI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following June 6 from Archbishop Alexander Brunett, with Bishops George Thomas and Gustavo Garcia-Siller, M.Sp.S., serving as co-consecrators. He selected as his episcopal motto: "Christo Lumen ad Gentes." In 2007, Tyson testified at a state legislative hearing on a proposed Washington initiative to offer domestic partnership benefits to same-sex couples; he promoted broadening its provisions, a controversial strategy used elsewhere by the Catholic Church, extending the definition of partnership to relationships beyond that of unmarried couples, to prevent discrimination against an elderly parent, a sibling, housemate or another in residence thus limiting its potential affirmative impact for gay rights, consistent with the Catholic Church's long- standing position.

Ann Christys, "The Transformation of Hispania after 711", in Hans Werner Goetz, Jörg Jarnut and Walter Pohl (eds.), Regna and Gentes: The Relationship between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World (Leiden: Brill, 2003), pp. 219–241. Al-Maqqari seems to believe he succeeded Yahya ibn Salama al-Kalbi in December 727 and was in turn succeeded by Hudhayfa in June or July 728,Roger Collins, Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400–1000 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995), p. 300. an inversion of the order of governors given in primary sources. The Mozarabic Chronicle does not specify how Uthman came to power and it may be that he was not appointed or approved by either his immediate superior, the governor of Ifriqiya, or the sovereign, the Umayyad caliph in Damascus.

Few of the Romani probably embodied all aspects of what the term had previously meant, many of them would have come from remote or less prestigious provinces and practiced religions and cults unheard of in Rome itself. Many of them would also have spoken "Barbarian" languages or Greek instead of Latin.'''''' The prelevant view of the Romans themselves was that the populus Romanus, Roman people, represented a "people by constitution" as opposed to Barbarian peoples such as the Franks or Goths, who were described as gentes ("people by descent"; ethnicities). To the people of the empire, "Roman" was just one layer of identification, in addition to local identities (similar to local and national identities today, a person from California can identify him/herself as a "Californian" within the context of the United States and an "American" in the context of the world).

Tradition suggests that the population of the early Roman kingdom was the result of a union of Sabines and others. Some of the gentes of the Roman republic were proud of their Sabine heritage, such as the Claudia gens, assuming Sabinus as a cognomen or agnomen. Some specifically Sabine deities and cults were known at Rome: Semo Sancus and Quirinus, and at least one area of the town, the Quirinale, where the temples to those latter deities were located, had once been a Sabine centre. The extravagant claims of Varro and Cicero that augury, divination by dreams and the worship of Minerva and Mars originated with the Sabines are disputable, as they were general Italic and Latin customs, as well as Etruscan, even though they were espoused by Numa Pompilius, second king of Rome and a Sabine.

Publius Cornelius Scipio was born by Caesarean section into the Scipio branch of the gens Cornelia. His birth year is calculated from statements made by ancient historians (mainly Livy and Polybius) of how old he was when certain events in his life occurred and must have been 236/5 BC, usually stated as circa 236 BC. The Cornelii were one of six major patrician families, along with the gentes Manlia, Fabia, Aemilia, the Claudia, and Valeria, with a record of successful public service in the highest offices extending back at least to the early Roman Republic. Scipio's great-grandfather, Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus, and grandfather Lucius Cornelius Scipio, had both been consuls and censors. He was the eldest son of the consul Publius Cornelius Scipio by his wife Pomponia, daughter of plebeian consul Manius Pomponius Matho.

The name was not regularly abbreviated, but is sometimes found as Sert.Realencyclopädie der Classischen AltertumswissenschaftGeorge Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII (1897)Mika Kajava, Roman Female Praenomina: Studies in the Nomenclature of Roman Women (1994) The praenomen Sertor was used by the plebeian gentes Mimesia, Varisidia, Vedia, and perhaps Resia, and must once have been used by the ancestors of gens Sertoria, whose most distinguished member was the Roman general Quintus Sertorius. The name was familiar to the scholar Marcus Terentius Varro, who described it as an antique praenomen, no longer in general use by the 1st century BC. As with other praenomina, it may have been more common, and survived longer, in the countryside; at least one example from Umbria dates to Varro's time or later.

Maciej Miechowita in his Tractatus de duabus Sarmatis Europiana et Asiana et de contentis in eis (1517) described it as follows: > Accipiat quinto, quod post terram Viatka nuncupatam in Scythiam penetrando > iacet magnum idolum Zlota baba, quod interpretatum sonat aurea anus seu > vetula, quod gentes vicinae colunt et venerantur, nec aliquis in proximo > gradiens aut feras agitando et in venatione sectando vacuus et sine > oblatione pertransit, quinimo si munus nobile deest, pellem aut saltem de > veste extractum pilum in offertorium idolo proicit et inclinando se cum > reverentia pertransit. Giles Fletcher in his Of the Russe Common Wealth (1591) writes that some maps and descriptions of countries, e.g., one by Herberstein, mention a "Slata Baba, or the golden hagge", an idol in the shape of an old woman who serves as an oracle for indigenous priests. However Fletcher sees this as a myth.

The conventional title Summa contra Gentiles, found in some of the earliest manuscripts, is sometimes given in the variant Summa contra Gentes. The title is taken from chapter I.2, where Thomas states his intention as the work's author: > I have set myself the task of making known, as far as my limited powers will > allow, the truth that the Catholic faith professes, and of setting aside the > errors that are opposed to it. To use the words of Hilary: 'I am aware that > I owe this to God as the chief duty of my life, that my every word and sense > may speak of Him' (De Trinitate I, 37).trans. Pegis (1955) A longer title is also given as Tractatus de fide catholica, contra Gentiles (or: contra errores infidelium), meaning "Tractate on the universal faith, against the pagans" (or, against the errors of the unbelievers).

Some villas were more like the country houses of England or Poland, the visible seat of power of a local magnate, such as the famous palace rediscovered at Fishbourne in Sussex. Suburban villas on the edge of cities were also known, such as the Middle and Late Republican villas that encroached on the Campus Martius, at that time on the edge of Rome, and which can be also seen outside the city walls of Pompeii, including the Villa of the Mysteries, famous for its frescos. These early suburban villas, such as the one at Rome's Auditorium siteLa Villa Romana dell'Auditorium or at Grottarossa in Rome, demonstrate the antiquity and heritage of the villa suburbana in Central Italy. It is possible that these early, suburban villas were also in fact the seats of power (maybe even palaces) of regional strongmen or heads of important families (gentes).

She was awarded the degree of Commander of the Order of Rio Branco (1967), of the Order of Santiago da Espada (1971) and of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1973); she was Grand Officer of the Order of Public Instruction (1973) and Officier of France's Légion d'honneur (1975); she was awarded the Europe Prize of the Académie de Marches de I'Est (1996) and the Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D. Henrique (1998). She was also a member of the Hispanic Society in America (1970), the Latin Academy (1970) and the Lisbon Science Academy (1975). The following volumes of studies were dedicated to her: O Amor das Letras e das Gentes. In Honor of Maria de Lourdes Belchior Pontes, edited by João Camilo dos Santos and Frederick G. Williams, Center for Portuguese Studies, University of California, Santa Bárbara, 1995; Romanesque.

Financial aid from relatives and wealthier comrades saved many; others perished.G.R.V. Barratt, Voices in Exile (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1974), 303–304 Despite extensive restrictions, limitations, and hardships, Decembrists believed that they could improve their situation through personal initiative. A constant stream of petitions came out of Petrovsky Zavod addressed to General Leparskii and Emperor Nicholas I.Andrew A. Gentes, "Other Decembrists: The Chizov Case and Lutskii Affair As Signifiers of The Decembrists in Siberia," Slavonica, Vol. 13, No. 2, (2007): 137 Most of the petitions were written by Decembrists’ wives who had cast aside social privileges and comfort to follow their husbands into exile.Anatole G. Mazour, The First Russian Revolution, 1825 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1937), 243 These wives joined under the leadership of Princess Mariia Volkonskaia, and by 1832, through relentless petitions, managed to secure for their men formal cancellation of labor requirements, and several privileges, including the right of husbands to live with their wives in privacy.

St Cecilia's Abbey RC Church, Appley Rise, Ryde (May 2016) (2) Founded in 1882 and dedicated to the Peace of the Heart of Jesus, St Cecilia's Abbey, Ryde, Isle of Wight, belongs to the Benedictine Order, and in particular to the Solesmes Congregation of Dom Prosper Guéranger.St Cecilia's Abbey The nuns live a traditional monastic life of prayer, work and study in accordance with the ancient Rule of Saint Benedict. As one of the institutes devoted 'entirely to divine worship in the contemplative life' (Vatican II, Perfectae Caritatis, 9) and following the tradition of Solesmes, St Cecilia's Abbey lays principal emphasis on the solemn celebration of the liturgy, with Mass and the Divine Office sung daily in Gregorian chant. The Second Vatican Council recognised the contemplative life as belonging 'to the fulness of the Church's presence' (Ad Gentes 18) and noted that such communities 'will always have a distinguished part to play in Christ's Mystical Body' (Perfectae Caritatis, 7).

Appius Claudius Pulcher (97 – 49 BC) was a Roman patrician, politician and general in the first century BC. He was consul of the Roman Republic in 54 BC. He was an expert in Roman law and antiquities, especially the esoteric lore of the augural college of which he was a controversial member. He was head of the senior line of the most powerful family of the patrician Claudii. The Claudii were one of the five leading families (gentes maiores or "Greater Clans") which had dominated Roman social and political life from the earliest years of the republic. He is best known as the recipient of 13 of the extant letters in Cicero's ad Familiares corpus (the whole of book III), which date from winter 53-52 to summer 50 BC. Regrettably they do not include any of Appius' replies to Cicero as extant texts of any sort by members of Rome's ruling aristocracy are quite rare, apart from those of Julius Caesar.

In his Institutiones (161 AD), the Roman jurist Gaius wrote that: The 1st century BC Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus indicates that the Roman institution of slavery began with the legendary founder Romulus giving Roman fathers the right to sell their own children into slavery, and kept growing with the expansion of the Roman state. Slave ownership was most widespread throughout the Roman citizenry from the Second Punic War (218–201 BC) to the 4th century AD. The Greek geographer Strabo (1st century AD) records how an enormous slave trade resulted from the collapse of the Seleucid Empire (100–63 BC).Roman Slavery: The Social, Cultural, Political, and Demographic Consequences by Moya K. Mason The Twelve Tables, Rome's oldest legal code, has brief references to slavery, indicating that the institution was of long standing. In the tripartite division of law by the jurist Ulpian (2nd century AD), slavery was an aspect of the ius gentium, the customary international law held in common among all peoples (gentes).

Jerome mentioned them as feras gentes "whose face and language are terrifying, who display womanly and deeply cut faces, and who pierce the backs of bearded man as they flee". Sozomen recounts that Uldin replied Roman commander who proposed a peace by "pointing to the rising sun and declaring that it would be easy for him, if he so desired, to subjugate every region of the earth enlightened by that luminary". While Uldin sought a large tribute in exchange to not wage war, his oikeioi and lochagos reflected a Roman form of government, philanthropic impulses, and readiness in rewarding the best men. A sufficiently large number of Huns joined the Roman camps, and Uldin, suffering significant casualties and the loss of the whole tribe called Scirii (mostly foot soldiers), was forced to re-cross Danube by March 23, 409. In the summer or fall of 409, military forces of Dalmatia, Pannonia Prima, Noricum and Raetia were entrusted by Honorius to pagan Generidus to repulse Hunnic raids.

He was first educated in the local molinese Colegio de Santa Clara, a primary school ran by the Poor Clares order, later to join Colegio Molines de los Padres Escolapios (Escuelas Pias), a prestigious provincial secondary education establishment; it is there he gained the bachelor title.Juan Pablo Calero Delso, Claro Abánades López, [in:] Diccionario Biográfico de la Guadalajara Contemporánea online, 29.12.13, available here Claro intended to pursue law in Madrid, but financial standing of his parents did not allow regular studies; in 1899 he entered Facultad de Derecho of Universidad Central (later to become Universidad Complutense) as an unenrolled student.Calero Delso 2013 Having graduated at an unspecified date he went on studying philosophy and letters, obtaining diploma in Sección de Historia in 1906.and later “doctorado” in philosophy in 1906, Gonzalo Díaz Díaz, Hombres y documentos de la filosofía española, vol. 1, Madrid 2003, , pp. 27-28 Some time afterwards he became a Doctor in both disciplines,Calero Delso 2013, Tomas Gismera Velasco, Claro Abánades Lopez, [in:] Biografias de gentes de Guadalajara 13.12.

The existence of a patrician gens of this name is attested by Livius, who expressly mentions the Curiatii among the noble Alban gentes, which, after the destruction of Alba, were transplanted to Rome, and there received among the Patres. This opinion is not contradicted by the fact that in BC 401 and 138 we meet with Curiatii who were tribunes of the people and consequently plebeians, for this phenomenon may be accounted for here, as in other cases, by the supposition that the plebeian Curiatii were the descendants of freedmen of the patrician Curiatii, or that some members of the patrician gens had gone over to the plebeians. The Alban origin of the Curiatii is also stated in the story about the three Curiatii who, in the reign of Tullus Hostilius, fought with the three Roman brothers, the Horatii, and were conquered by the cunning and bravery of one of the Horatii, though some writers described the Curiatii as Romans and the Horatii as Albans.Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, i.

Harold Emery Moore, Jr. (July 7, 1917 – October 27, 1980) was an American botanist especially known for his work on the systematics of the palm family. He served as Director of the L. H. Bailey Hortorium at Cornell University, and was appointed Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor of Botany in 1978. He was an important contributor to Hortus Third and was founding editor of the palm journal Principes (now Palms). He also edited Gentes Herbarum and provided the foundation for the first edition of Genera Palmarum, a seminal work on palm taxonomy which was later completed by Natalie Uhl and John Dransfield. Moore was born in Massachusetts in 1917. He received his B.S. from Massachusetts State College in 1939. He then moved to Harvard University where he obtained his M.S. in 1940 and Ph.D. in 1942. After graduating, he served in the United States Army from 1942 to 1946. In 1947 he joined the staff of the Gray Herbarium at Harvard. In 1948 he moved to the L. H. Bailey Hortorium at Cornell as an Assistant Professor of Botany.

A statue of Athanasius in alt= Athanasius was born to a Christian family in the city of Alexandria or possibly the nearby Nile Delta town of Damanhur sometime between the years 293 and 298. The earlier date is sometimes assigned due to the maturity revealed in his two earliest treatises Contra Gentes (Against the Heathens) and De Incarnatione (On the Incarnation), which were admittedly written about the year 318 before Arianism had begun to make itself felt, as those writings do not show an awareness of Arianism. However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328.

Rafael Cruz, Olor a pólvora y patria. La limpieza política rebelde en el inicio de la guerra de 1936, [in:] Hispania Nova 7 (2007), see hereEscolapios, Carlist Pamplona prison The only province that Requeté completely terrorised was Navarre. some claim that requeté “llevaron a cabo un trabajo sistemático de detenciones y aniquilación de las gentes de izquierda”, Nos solidarizamos con José Ramón Urtasun, autor de la exposición Navarra 1936, [in:] Change service 2016 [link blocked by Wikipedia] It was supervised and at times directed by the local Carlist political executive, Junta Central Carlista. Mikelarena Peña 2015, pp. 213, 217, 231-237 The system consisted of Requeté running an intelligence network as a specialized branch that performed arrests, terror raids, and on-the-spot executions. Requeté structures maintained “una gigantesca maquinaria informativa al servicio de la represión”, Mikelarena Peña 2015, p. 210 Mikelarena Peña 2015, p. 208. Colegio de los Escolapios served also as barracks of Requeté Auxiliar, Mikelarena Peña 2015, p. 111 Badiola Ariztimuño 2015, pp. 143-144 Two Carlist-only prisons – Colegio de los Escolapios and Colegio de los Salesianos in Pamplona – the Escolapios prison was closed by December 1936,- Mikelarena Peña 2015, p. 212 Mikelarena Peña 2016, p. 595 served as places of detention, interrogation, torture, and execution.