The CVT-equipped car has in theory an infinite range of gearings and can match power to driving conditions to maximize fuel-economy.
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2004; publ. 30.04.2007. – 2007. – 6 p.Sosnovskiy, L. A. Contact and Bending Fatigue of Toothed Gearings / L. A. Sosnovskiy, V. A. Zhmailik, S. S. Shcharbakou, V. V. Komissarov // Proc.
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This modernization was designed to extend the life of the destroyer by at least eight years. Eventually, all but four Gearings received FRAM I or FRAM II conversions.
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A total of 94 Gearings and 33 Allen M. Sumners received FRAM modifications 1960–1965. Many of the ships provided significant gunfire support in the Vietnam War. DASH was withdrawn from ASW service beginning in 1969 due to poor reliability.Friedman 2004, pp.
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In the 1930s, the change was made from wind to motor power, and the sails, tailpole and internal gearings were removed. All milling stopped in 1955, after which the municipally of Zevenaar became the owner in 1966. They had the windmill restored in 1969.
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The first ship was laid down in August 1944, while the last was launched in March 1946. In that time the United States produced 98 Gearing-class destroyers. The Gearing class was a seemingly minor improvement of the Allen M. Sumner class, built from 1943 until 1945. The main difference was that the Gearings were longer in the midship section, allowing for increased fuel tankage for greater range, an important consideration in Pacific War operations. More importantly in the long run, the Gearings' increased size made them much more suitable for upgrades than the Allen M. Sumners, as seen in the wartime radar picket subclass, the 1950s radar picket destroyer (DDR) and escort destroyer (DDE) conversions, and the Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization (FRAM) conversions 1960-65.
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Timmerman was originally planned as a Gearing-class destroyer in the United States Navy. Work was temporarily suspended on 7 January 1946 at 45.5% completion. She was later completed as an experimental destroyer, EDD-828. Designed to occupy the same space in standard Gearing engine spaces, Timmermans machinery was designed to generate versus the Gearings .
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In order to cope with the different gearings the tappet drive cog on the bottom drive shaft could be adjusted and there are two sizes of tapped mounting drive cogs. There was also a Dobby version. The first thirty Hattersley's were sent to the Outer Hebrides in 1919. These were 36 inches in the reed space and single shuttle.
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As designed, the Gearings' armament was identical to that on the Allen M. Sumner class. Three twin /38 caliber Mark 38 dual purpose (DP) mounts constituted the main battery. The 5-inch guns were guided by a Mark 37 Gun Fire Control System with a Mark 25 fire control radar linked by a Mark 1A Fire Control Computer stabilized by a Mark 6 8,500 rpm gyro.
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The hypoid pinion is then larger in diameter than an equivalent bevel pinion. A hypoid gear incorporates some sliding and can be considered halfway between a straight-cut gear and a worm gear. Special gear oils are required for hypoid gears because the sliding action requires effective lubrication under extreme pressure between the teeth. Hypoid gearings are used in power transmission products that are more efficient than conventional worm gearing.
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They were replaced as ASW ships by the s, which were commissioned 1975-83. These had the same ASW armament as a Gearing FRAM destroyer, with the addition of improved sonar and a piloted helicopter, initially the Kaman SH-2 Seasprite and from 1984 the Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk. Some Gearings served in the Naval Reserve Force (NRF) from 1973, remaining in commission with a partial active crew to provide training for Naval reservists.
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Slow speed handpieces work at a much slower rate that high speed and speed-increasing handpieces, and are usually driven by rotary vane motors, instead of air turbines. They work at a speed between 600 and 25,000 rpm. The internal gearings are very similar to that of a speed-increasing handpiece. The main difference between the two is that slow speed has internal gearing and they use a latch grip burr as opposed to a friction grip burr.
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All cogs of each gear component of magnetic gears act as a constant magnet with periodic alternation of opposite magnetic poles on mating surfaces. Gear components are mounted with a backlash capability similar to other mechanical gearings. Although they cannot exert as much force as a traditional gear, such gears work without touching and so are immune to wear, have very low noise and can slip without damage making them very reliable.Kravchenko A.I., Bovda A.M. Gear with magnetic couple. Pat.
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Their metal windows were fitted to buildings such as the Bank of England, London, the League of Nations Building, Geneva, ICI House, London & the Iraq Parliament House in Baghdad. In 1925 the company, who had long exported to the North American market, acquired the International Casement Company, Jamestown, New York that became Hopes Windows Inc., in 1930. Hope's 1930 catalogue Hope's Gearings, along with their metal glazing systems, were fitted to many major industrial plants such as the Ford Dagenham assembly plant at Dagenham, Essex, and power stations such as Cliff Quay, Ipswich, Suffolk.
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Freeride mountain bikes are often geared differently to downhill or other mountain bikes. There are three main types of freeride mountain bike gearings, these are single speed, short range and long range. Single speed mountain bikes use a single chainring at the front, mounted to the cranks, and a single cog at the rear, normally mounted to a freewheel or a freehub. A short range freeride bike uses a single chainring at the front, with a cassette hub, containing multiple (usually 7 or 10) cogs, ranging in size from 10 teeth to 24 teeth.
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Additionally, two new 21-inch torpedo tubes for the Mark 37 ASW homing torpedo and variable depth sonar (VDS) were added. The converted Allen M. Sumners were designed for another five years of service . Sixteen Gearings were also converted under FRAM II. These included six radar picket destroyers (DDRs) and six escort destroyers (DDEs) that retained their specialized equipment (radar or trainable Hedgehog), as well as four former DDRs that were converted to near-twins of the Allen M. Sumner- class FRAM II destroyers. No Gearing FRAM IIs received ASROC.
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The important metalworking factory of Henry Hope & Sons Ltd was based at Halford's Lane where the company manufactured steel window systems, roof glazing, gearings and metalwork. Council housing began in Smethwick after 1920 on land previously belonging to the Downing family, whose family home became Holly Lodge High School for Girls in 1922. The mass council house building of the 1920s and 1930s also involved Smethwick's boundaries being extended into part of neighbouring Oldbury in 1928. The Ruskin Pottery Studio, named in honour of the artist John Ruskin, was in Oldbury Road.
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Many of the Gearings provided significant gunfire support in the Vietnam War. They also served as escorts for Carrier Battle Groups (carrier strike groups from 2004) and Amphibious Ready Groups (Expeditionary Strike Groups from 2006). DASH was withdrawn from ASW service in 1969 due to poor reliability. Lacking ASROC, the FRAM II ships were disposed of in 1969-74. With ASROC continuing to provide a standoff ASW capability, the Gearing FRAM Is were retained in service for several years, with most being decommissioned and transferred to foreign navies 1973-80.
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On 23 June 1945 Leary completed her shakedown off the US Naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and proceeded to her home port of Norfolk, Virginia. In 1945 the Navy began converting 24 out of the 98 Gearings to radar picket ships (designated DDR in 1949) that could provide early warning of massed attack without overwhelming their Combat Information Centers. Leary was overhauled to upgrade her to a radar picket destroyer, which included installing the most advanced radar systems at the time. She then departed for Boston, Massachusetts where some fire control work was done.
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282–283 Lacking ASROC, the Allen M. Sumners were left without a standoff ASW capability, and were decommissioned 1970–1973, with most being transferred to foreign navies. The Gearings lasted somewhat longer in US service, with most decommissioned and transferred to foreign navies 1973–1980. The FRAM destroyers were replaced as ASW ships by the s (destroyer escorts prior to 1975), which were commissioned 1969–1974, and the s, which were commissioned 1975–1983. Both of the replacement classes had the same ASW armament as a Gearing FRAM I destroyer, with the addition of more and faster ASROC reloads, improved sonar, and a piloted helicopter, typically the Kaman SH-2 Seasprite.
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RAF Museum, London The final Spitfire variant, the Mk 24, was similar to the Mk 22 except that it had an increased fuel capacity over its predecessors, with two fuel tanks of 33 gal (150 l) each installed in the rear fuselage. There were also zero-point fittings for rocket projectiles under the wings. All had the larger "Spiteful" tail units; modifications were also made to the trim tab gearings to perfect the F Mk 24's handling. The F Mk 24 achieved a maximum speed of and could reach an altitude of in eight minutes, putting it on a par with the most advanced piston-engined fighters of the era.
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Depending on subseries, 1xx, 2xx or 3xx, some members of this class can drive with maximum speed , , , or (latest series), depending on the gearing. The most common gearings are for (classes 0xx, 1xx, 2xx, 3xx, 4xx, 5xx, 8xx) intended for freight and passenger trains, and (classes 6xx and 7xx) intended for passenger services, with locos for being rare and locos for all converted for . The models with higher maximum speed got less tractive power and are used for passenger or light freight trains only, whereas the models with lower maximum speed got high tractive power and are thus able to pull heavy freight trains as well.
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On most ships one depth charge rack was removed and two Hedgehog mounts added. One of the two quintuple torpedo tube mountings had already been removed on most to make way for a quadruple 40 mm gun mounting and additional radar for the radar picket mission. 33 ships were converted under the Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization II (FRAM II) program 1960–65, but not as extensively as the Gearings. Typically, FRAM Allen M. Sumners retained all three 5-inch/38 twin mounts and received the Drone Anti-Submarine Helicopter (DASH), two triple Mark 32 torpedo tubes for the Mark 44 torpedo, and two new single 21-inch torpedo tubes for the Mark 37 torpedo, with all 3-inch and lighter guns, previous ASW armament, and 21-inch torpedo tubes being removed.
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In order to provide the ships with a credible anti-submarine weapon, the FRAM I upgrade for the Gearings centered on the addition of AN/SQS-23 sonar and two new weapon systems, the ASROC rocket-assisted torpedo launcher with a range of 1–5 miles (not in FRAM II upgrades), and the DASH antisubmarine helicopter with a range of up to . Both were armed with the new Mark 44 torpedo, which was also carried in torpedo tubes on the ships. ASROC could also launch a nuclear depth charge. There were three different sets of FRAM upgrades. During refitting in the early 1950s, FRAM I Fletcher-class destroyers gave up No. 2, 3 and 4 5-inch/38 caliber gun mounts. A trainable Mark 15 Hedgehog mount took the place of No. 2 gun, connected to a new, enlarged sonar suite.
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Carpenter was laid down on 30 July 1945 at Consolidated Steel Corporation, Orange, Texas; launched on 28 September 1945, and sponsored by Mrs. Donald M. Carpenter, widow of the ship's namesake. Work ceased on the ship, however, when the contract for her construction was cancelled on 30 January 1946, resumed on 21 February, but stopped again on 21 October when the hull was transferred to Algiers Naval Station, Louisiana. The US Navy had a need for advanced anti-submarine ships to develop tactics for use against fast submarines such as the German Type XXI submarine, as the Soviet Union was expected to soon build submarines of similar capability, so the chief of naval operations decided to complete four of the incomplete Gearings as experiential escorts - two of which, Carpenter and , would be advanced "submarine killers", to act as substitutes for large, purpose-built anti-submarine ships such as , while two more, and , would be completed as simpler escort destroyers.
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