101 Sentences With "Gastarbeiter" | Random Sentence Generator

Cem Özdemir of the Greens was the two-year-old baby of Anatolian gastarbeiter living in the hills outside Stuttgart.

" Many Turks came to Germany as "Gastarbeiter' (guest workers) in the 1960s and 1970s and contributed to the country's postwar "economic miracle".

Waves of "Gastarbeiter," or guest workers, were brought to Germany in the 823s and 1960s because of labor shortages, many of them from Turkey.

Merkel said last year Germany needed to learn from its mistakes in dealing with "Gastarbeiter" or guest workers in the post-war period and integrate refugees and asylum seekers from the moment they arrive in the country.

The Italians and Turks imported into West Germany to alleviate labour shortages in the post-war economic boom were called Gastarbeiter (guest workers), implying that their stay would be limited, and few efforts were made to integrate them.

At one point, the actors introduce themselves as Gastarbeiter ("guest workers") from other European nations, including Hungary, Ukraine and Luxembourg, and try to make a sincere point about diversity among Europeans within a parody of white nationalist rhetoric.

The conditions East German Gastarbeiter had to live in were much harsher than the living conditions of the Gastarbeiter in West Germany; accommodation was mainly in single-sex dormitories.Stepahn Lanz: "Berlin aufgemischt - abendländisch - multikulturell - kosmopolitisch? Die politische Konstruktion einer Einwanderungsstadt". 2007. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag; p.

As of December 31, 2009, Lohberg had 6,000 residents. Because of the high number of Gastarbeiter at the coal mine, approximately 40% of them have a Turkish background.

Due to a shortage of laborers during the Wirtschaftswunder ("economic miracle") in the 1950s and 1960s, the West German government signed bilateral recruitment agreements with Italy in 1955, Greece in 1960, Turkey in 1961, Morocco in 1963, Portugal in 1964, Tunisia in 1965 and Yugoslavia in 1968. These agreements allowed the recruitment of so-called Gastarbeiter ("guest workers") to work in the industrial sector in jobs that required few qualifications. Children born to 'Gastarbeiter' received the right to reside in Germany but were not granted citizenship; this was known as the Aufenthaltsberechtigung ("right of residence"). Many of the descendants of those Gastarbeiter still live in Germany and many have acquired German citizenship.

The presence in central Europe of Gastarbeiter communities, for example, is not a result of colonialism, yet their literature does have much in common with, say, British-Asian literature.

Picking up on the term Gastarbeiter and using it affirmatively, Rafik Schami has used the terminology of guest and host to express some of the dynamics of migrant situations.

In late 1963, the Supreme Council began the program with the government of West Germany to recruit South Korean nurses and miners as Gastarbeiter. The costs of the nurses and miners sent to West Germany were largely paid for by the South Korean government, with only their wages and some language services paid for by their employers in West Germany. The Gastarbeiter South Koreans have since been argued as a major cause of South Korea's rapid economic growth in the late 20th century.

Some host countries set up a program to invite guest workers, as did the West Germany from 1955 to 1973, when over one million guest workers (German: Gastarbeiter) arrived, mostly from Italy, Spain and Turkey.

113 In addition, contact between guest-workers and East German citizens was extremely limited; Gastarbeiter were usually restricted to their dormitory or an area of the city which Germans were not allowed to enter - furthermore sexual relations with a German led to deportation. Female Vertragsarbeiter were not allowed to become pregnant during their stay. If they did, they were forced to have an abortion.Karin Weiss: "Die Einbindung ehemaliger vietnamesischer Vertragsarbeiterinnen und Vertragsarbeiter in Strukturen der Selbstorganisation", In: Almut Zwengel: "Die Gastarbeiter der DDR - politischer Kontext und Lebenswelt".

Cattle rising and apple production constitute the main revenues of the town. There are also some small scale workshops. Another source of revenue is the former town residents who now are working in Germany as gastarbeiter.

Helvadere is a typical agricultural town. Potato, apple and cherry are among the more important crops. Some members of the town work in western Europe as industrial workers (gastarbeiter) and they also contribute to the town's economy.

In the modern times, these migrants are called гастарбайтеры (gastarbeiter) in Russian. The style of payment for the job was so-called "аккордно-премиальная" (piecework/bonus): total payment for the whole job done plus bonus for beating the schedule.

Apart from these factors, hard work and long hours at full capacity among the population in the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s and extra labor supplied by thousands of Gastarbeiter ("guest workers") provided a vital base for the economic upturn.

In contrast to such words as gastrolle (гастроль, сoncert tour), "gast professor" (invited to read the course at another university), which came to Russian from German, the word gastarbeiter is not neutral in modern Russian and has a negative connotation.

West Germany and Turkey reached an agreement in 1961.Heike Knortz: Diplomatische Tauschgeschäfte. "Gastarbeiter" in der westdeutschen Diplomatie und Beschäftigungspolitik 1953-1973. Böhlau Verlag, Köln 2008 After 1961 Turkish citizens (largely from rural areas) soon became the largest group of guest workers in West Germany.

With a booming economy short of unskilled workers, especially after the Berlin Wall cut off the steady flow of East Germans, the FRG negotiated migration agreements with Italy (1955), Spain (1960), Greece (1960), and Turkey (1961) that brought in hundreds of thousands of temporary guest workers, called Gastarbeiter. In 1968 the FRG signed a guest worker agreement with Yugoslavia that employed additional guest workers. Gastarbeiter were young men who were paid full-scale wages and benefits, but were expected to return home in a few years. The agreement with Turkey ended in 1973 but few workers returned because there were few good jobs in Turkey.

Montenegrins living in Germany () are supported and represented by various associations. They number around 30,000. Some Montenegrins immigrated during the 1960s and 1970s as Gastarbeiter ("guest workers") when Montenegro was still a part of Yugoslavia. A minority arrived as refugees during the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s.

By state major projects such as the Kaprun hydroelectric plant or the West Autobahn, unemployment fell and social peace was ensured. In the 1950s the first Gastarbeiter from Southern Italy and Greece arrived in the country, as more manual labour was required to maintain the economic upswing.

Gülşen Aktaş was born in Tunceli, Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey in 1957. Her father died at an early age. Her mother moved without the children to Germany to work as a Gastarbeiter. She worked for years in a factory to provide for her four daughters in Turkey.

An exhibition in Vienna about Gastarbeiter in Austria has the Serbian title gastarbajteri. A particularly avid student is called štreber (German Streber is striver). Schlag for cream is derived from the Austrian short form for Schlagobers. The Serbian word for tomatoes, Парадајз (paradajs), is influenced from the Austrian Paradeiser.

The settlement was probably founded in the 17th century by a certain Yörük (nomadic Turkmen) named İlyas. It is a typical Anatolian agricultural town, the main product being cereals. There is also a ceramic mine around the town. Another town revenue is from İlyaslı residents working in Germany as gastarbeiter.

Vickers & Pettifer, p. 52. The Democratic Party platform promised the transformation of living standards through membership in the European Community, strong ties with the United States and other Western nations, Gastarbeiter jobs in Italian and German factories abroad, and immediate steps towards a free-market economy.Vickers & Pettifer, pp. 55-56.

The first mention of Albanians being present in Germany was during the wars of Austrian Succession fighting as stratioti mercenaries for Empress Maria Teresa.Howard, Michael (2009). War in European History. Oxford University Press. In the modern era, Albanian migrants came to Germany as gastarbeiter in the middle of the 20th century.

However socioeconomic factors cannot explain all the differences. The Spanish, for example, also arrived as Gastarbeiter, but soon started moving up the social ladder. This difference has been attributed to culture. In Germany Hauptschulen, Realschulen and Gymnasien (schools of the tripartite system) exist alongside comprehensive schools such as the Gesamtschule.

Hüseyin Yıldırım was born in Kırşehir, Turkey on March 10, 1928. In 1964, he moved with his family to Germany as a Gastarbeiter (literally: guest worker). In the 1970s, he attended a school for automotive engineering on a scholarship of Mercedes-Benz. He worked in the automotive plant near Stuttgart until 1979.

Dilek Gürsoy was born in Neuss in 1976 to parents, who emigrated in 1969 from Fatsa, Ordu in Turkey to work in Germany as Gastarbeiter. She has two brothers. Her father died from sudden cardiac death as she was ten years old. Her mother Zeynep was an assembly-line worker at Pierburg plant.

However, the organization was promptly dissolved following the Anschluss. Ehrenfels, being a critic of the Nazi Party, fled Austria. In 1943, another Muslim association was founded under Salih Hadžialić with funding from the government. Substantive Muslim immigration to Austria began in the 1960s when Gastarbeiter from Yugoslavia and Turkey moved to the country.

Spanish Gastarbeiter were more likely to marry Germans, which could be considered an indicator of assimilation. According to a study in 2000, 81.2% of all Spanish or partly Spanish children in Germany were from a Spanish-German family.Thränhardt, Dietrich (4 December 2006). "Spanische Einwanderer schaffen Bildungskapital: Selbsthilfe-Netzwerke und Integrationserfolg in Europa " (in German).

Giousouf was born on 5 May 1978 in Leverkusen to ethnic Turkish Gastarbeiter parents, who immigrated in the 1970s from Greece, where they lived as a minority in Western Thrace. Soon after her birth, Giousouf was sent back to her uncle in Greece. At the age of two, Giousouf returned to her family in Germany. Giousouf has a brother.

Marko Perković in Frankfurt Perković was born in 1966 in Čavoglave (at the time SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia) to Marija and Ante. He rarely saw his father, who worked as a Gastarbeiter in Germany and rarely came home. He finished high school in Split. In 1991, Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia, prompting the Croatian War of Independence.

Some students, nurses, and industrial trainees from South Korea had already been in West Germany in the late 1950s. However, mass migration did not begin until the 1960s, when West Germany invited nurses and miners from South Korea to come as Gastarbeiter; their recruitment of labourers specifically from South Korea was driven not just by economic necessity, but also by a desire to demonstrate support for a country that, like Germany, had been divided by ideology. The first group of miners arrived on 16 December 1963, under a programme paid for largely by the South Korean government; German enterprises were not responsible for travel costs, but only for wages and language training. They had high levels of education compared with other Gastarbeiter of the same era; over 60% had completed high school or tertiary education.

Sokol, a middle aged man, together with his family, emigrates from Kosova to Turkey due to sociopolitical pressures. There he faces a foreign and unknown world. His son Bardhi, emigrates again from Turkey to Germany in order to work as a gastarbeiter and keep his family financially solvent. Sokol, remains in Turkey to look after his son's wife and children.

It was based on the German sister party, the National Democratic Party of Germany. Its first chairman was student Rudolf Watschinger. The party ran in the 1970 legislative election, receiving 2,631 (0.1%) of the votes cast. It advocated the Anschluss of Austria into Germany and the re-introduction of the death penalty, it also agitated against "superalienation" and "infiltration" by foreign workers (Gastarbeiter).

Serbs constituted a low percentage of the Swedish population prior to the 1960s. Some came after World War II, mostly seeking political asylum. The greatest proportion of Serbs came together with Greeks, Italians and Turks under the visa agreements in times of severe labour shortages or when particular skills were deficient within Sweden, as migrant workers (called arbetskraftsinvandring, see gastarbeiter). Serbia Government Offices of Sweden.

Modern Greek uses a few German loanwords for terms related to German or Austrian culture, such as snitsel (σνίτσελ; Schnitzel) and froilain (φροϊλάιν, from Fräulein, "Miss", used only for young women from Germany or Austria). Some loan words were introduced by the gastarbáiter ( γκασταρμπάιτερ , German Gastarbeiter), who have spent part of their life in Germany or Austria, such as lumben (λούμπεν), meaning "riffraff", from German Lumpen, "rogues".

Dağ was born in Turkey but came to Austria with his family when he was 8 years old. His father was a Gastarbeiter. Dağ grew up in Leibnitz and holds Austrian and Turkish dual nationality, making him eligible for both countries. Dağ chose Austria over Turkey, and was due to make his debut on 31 May 2009; however this dream was stopped by injury.

Quandt & Händel, Leipzig 1867 (Nachdruck. Olms, Hildesheim u. a. 1987, ). The Hammersteiner Baumwollspinnerei of F. A. Jung was reported closed in 1869.Historische Informationen aus Wuppertal Stadt, Schwebebahn, Menschen, Firmen und vieles mehr Zugriff Januar 2009 In 1938, 20 families lived in the workers' quarters, who were Gastarbeiter from Kirchen, 50 miles to the south east where the Jung family had their first mill, Spinnerei Jungenthal, established in 1799.

430 Today, this school is the Helmholtz-Gymnasium. Nordstadt Dortmund grew as a working-class district in the 19th century. The history of today's Nordstadt and this street and district was shaped especially after the Second World War. Due to the increased influx of immigrant workers from Turkey, their influence became prominent in this neighborhood, due to Nordstadt's low rents and the cooperation among the so-called Gastarbeiter (guest/migrant workers).

In 1995, Germany paid $140 million to the Vietnamese government and made a contract about repatriation which stated that repatriation could be forced if necessary. By 2004, 11,000 former Vietnamese guest workers had been repatriated, 8,000 of them against their will.Minority rights group international. World directory of Minorities and Indigenous people --> Europe --> Germany --> Vietnamese The children of the Vietnamese Gastarbeiter caused what has been called the "Vietnamese miracle".

Yıldırım was born into a family of Turkish Gastarbeiter (guest workers.)abendblatt.de. At the age of 11, he began to write stories and, at the age of 14, published his first book: the horror novel Graue Nächte (1993). After graduating from gymnasium, Yıldırım studied at the Hamburg Media School.hamburgmediaschool.com. His first short films led Fatih Akın to call him "the most talented German young director"Petra Haase: Hamburger Ghetto-Story.

The critic Herbert Muschamp described him in the New York Times as: Together with Cooper Union graduate Moritz Müller as contact architect in Berlin, Hedjuk worked on the designs between 1984-87. Upon completion, the DAAD Artists-in-Berlin Program did not move into the tower. Instead, all 55 apartments across the three buildings were given over to social housing, in what was, at the time, a largely Turkish Gastarbeiter demographic in Kreuzberg.

Most Arabs came to Germany in the 1970s, partly as Gastarbeiter from Morocco, the Turkish Province of Mardin (see: Arabs in Turkey) and Tunisia. However, the majority of Arabs in Berlin are refugees of the conflicts in the Middle East, e.g. the Lebanon Wars, Palestinian exodus, the recent Iraq War, Libyan Civil War and Syrian Civil War. The Arabs in Berlin are not a homogeneous group because they originate from about 20 countries.

However, large scale didn't occur until the 20th century. Germany suffered an acute labor shortage after World War II and, in 1961, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) officially invited Turkish workers to Germany to fill in this void, particularly to work in the factories that helped fuel Germany's economic miracle. The German authorities named these people Gastarbeiter (German for guest workers). Most Turks in Germany trace their ancestry to Central and Eastern Anatolia.

View of Kakanj. Mosque in Kakanj The most recent census of the 2013 show that in the municipality of Kakanj live 37,441 people, of which 32,341 are Bosniaks, 2,973 are Croats, 281 are Serbs and rest others. Cement factory The economy in Kakanj, notwithstanding promises, does not start off, and many young people leave or do not come back from gastarbeiter workplaces in Germany and elsewhere. Over 16,000 town inhabitants, more than 4,000 are unemployed.

This is true for Hall's (1966) notion of the pidgin-creole life cycle as well as Bickerton's language bioprogram theory. There are few undisputed examples of a creole arising from nativization of a pidgin by children. The Tok Pisin language reported by is one example where such a conclusion could be reached by scientific observation. A counterexample is the case where children of Gastarbeiter parents speaking pidgin German acquired German seamlessly without creolization.

Rafik Schami) use the terminology of "guest" and "host" provocatively. The term Gastarbeiter lives on in Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Slovene languages, generally meaning "expatriate" (mostly referring to a second generation from the former Yugoslavia or Bulgaria born or living abroad). The South Slavic spelling reflects the local pronunciation of gastarbajter (in Cyrillic: гастарбаjтер or гастарбайтер). In Belgrade's jargon, it is commonly shortened to gastos (гастос), and in Zagreb's to gastić.

Gastarbeiterdeutsch is a pidgin spoken in Germany which draws its vocabulary from the German language. The grammatical structure is simplified German but is also influenced by the structure of other component languages, for example Turkish one of the input languages. Emerging in the 1960s, Gastarbeiterdeutsch was mainly spoken by the first generation of foreign workers from Southern Europe and North Africa, and later Turkey, who immigrated to Germany. They were called ‘Gastarbeiter’ (guest workers ).

This invitation ended in 1973 and these workers were known as Gastarbeiter. 1 March has become a symbolic day for transnational migrants' strike. This day unites all migrants to give them a common voice to speak up against racism, discrimination and exclusion on all levels of social life. The transnational protests on 1 March were originally initiated in the US in 2006 and have encouraged migrants in other countries to organise and take action on that day.

Cathedral of Saint Sava in Düsseldorf, seat of the Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Düsseldorf and all of Germany Serbs (; /Srbi u Nemačkoj) are the seventh largest group of foreigners in Germany. Most Serbs living in Germany moved during the 1960s and 1970s as Gastarbeiter or "Guest workers" when Serbia was part of Yugoslavia. A small percentage of Serbs migrated to Germany as refugees during the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. Distribution of Serbian nationals in Germany.

These Gastarbeiter as they became known in Germany were mainly young unskilled males who very often left their families behind in their country of origin and migrated alone as 'economic migrants'. They worked predominantly in certain areas of the economy where working conditions were poorer than those of indigenous Germans and where the rates of pay were considerably lower. Ultimately they came to predominate in low-paid service-rated employment. The situation remained unchanged until the 1970s economic recession.

The scale of the Germans' defeat was unprecedented. Nationalism and Pan-Germanism became almost taboo because they had been used so destructively by the Nazis. Indeed, the word "Volksdeutscher" in reference to ethnic Germans naturalized during WWII later developed into a mild epithet. From the 1960s, Germany also saw increasing immigration, especially from Turkey, under an official programme aimed at encouraging "Gastarbeiter" or guestworkers to the country to provide labour during the post-war economic boom years.

Being oppressed and persecuted throughout the 20th century for their religion, many arrived from Turkey seeking a better life. The first wave arrived in the 1960s and 1970s as part of the German economic plan of "Gastarbeiter". As Germany was seeking immigrant workers (largely from Turkey), many Assyrians saw an opportunity for freedom and success and applied for visas along with Turks. Assyrians started working in restaurants or as construction workers for companies and many began running their own shops.

Tito's calling card from 1967 Starting in the 1950s, Tito permitted Yugoslav workers to go to western Europe, especially West Germany as gastarbeiter ("guest workers"). The exposure of many Yugoslavs to the West and its culture led many people in Yugoslavia to view themselves as culturally closer to Western Europe than Eastern Europe. On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on religious expression.

Boards and tiles used commonly in Okey and in Rummikub Okey () is a tile-based game, very popular in Turkey. It is almost always played by four players, although, in principle, it can be played by two or three players. It is very similar to the game Rummikub, as it is played with the same set of boards and tiles, but under a different set of rules. The game was derived from the original Rummikub after cultural contacts of Gastarbeiter in Germany.

In the 1960s, financial need forces him to travel to Europe with his best friend Dal-goo, where they find dangerous work as Gastarbeiter (guest workers) in German coal mines to pay for his brother's tuition at Seoul National University. There, Deok-soo falls in love with a fellow migrant worker, nurse Young-ja. Deok-soo survives a mining accident and leaves Germany after his visa expires. Young-ja returns to Korea months later and tells him she's pregnant with his child.

Salvatore Granata is a rather poor man who lives with his wife, son and daughter in Calabria in Italy. One day Salvatore decides to move to Belgium to work in the coal mine of Waterschei as a Gastarbeiter. His family will stay in Italy as Salvatore will only be in Belgium for three years. He hopes to earn much money in a rather small timeframe so he can buy a forge for his son Rocco who is now still a 9-year-old boy.

Lupo Martini Wolfsburg is a German association football club from the city of Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony. The club's greatest success has been promotion to the tier four Regionalliga Nord in 2015–16. The original club, Sportclub Lupo, was formed in 1962 by Italian migrant workers (German: Gastarbeiter) at the Volkswagen factory in Wolfsburg, and merged in 1981 with another Italian migrant worker club, US Martini, to form the current club. Lupo is the Italian word for Wolf, in reference to the city's name, Wolfsburg.

Anica Kovač (; née Martinović ; born 3 March 1976) is a Croatian former model best known for being the First Runner-up in the Miss World 1995 competition and for her marriage to the Croatian football player Robert Kovač. Kovač was born to Croatian gastarbeiter parents from the village Borčani in Duvno, Bosnia and Herzegovina. She began modelling at an early age and became the winner of the national beauty contest Miss Croatia in 1995. At the 1995 Miss World competition, she finished as the First Runner-up to the eventual winner, Jacqueline Aguilera of Venezuela.

The show follows the adventures of Šurda, a man in his mid 30s from Vlasotince who comes to Belgrade to work and get rich. In Belgrade he lives in a small house with his granny and uncle Firga, a retired mason. Šurda buys a local barbershop, but this job doesn't suit him, so Šurda sells the barbershop and buys a car to become a taxi driver. He is not successful in this job either, so Šurda, after listening to Bob's story about better life abroad, decides to become gastarbeiter, a guest worker in Germany.

In the 1970s, Zdravko with his two brothers (older Stojan and younger Zoran) moved from Bjelovar to the Zagreb suburb of Sesvete while their father was off working in West Germany as part of the gastarbeiter programme. Mamić's first direct contact with GNK Dinamo Zagreb was through the Bad Blue Boys, Dinamo's ultras supporters group. Maybe the most important year in Mamić's life is 1980, when Dinamo's new manager became Miroslav Blažević, whom Mamić soon befriended and made his way into Dinamo. In February 2016, he resigned as executive director, but returned as an advisor.

Kruzhka are not fast food restaurants like McDonald's or KFC, nor are they self-service "cafeteria" style restaurants, which can be found at places like Kaferii and Moo-Moo and were common in Soviet times. Instead orders are taken by orange t-shirt wearing waiters and waitresses and food is served at your table. As in many cafes and restaurants these jobs are relatively poorly paid, and so are usually taken by young people or Gastarbeiter () from the former Soviet republics. Menus are available in English as well as Russian.

Born in Bad Urach, a small town in the hills between Stuttgart and Ulm, Cem Özdemir is the son of a Turkish gastarbeiter ("guest worker") of Circassian provenance, hailing from Tokat, Turkey; in 1983 he and his immigrant parents acquired German citizenship. After graduating from a German Hauptschule and a Realschule Özdemir completed an apprenticeship, becoming an early childhood educator. After qualifying for advanced technical college entrance he studied social pedagogy at the Evangelical Technical College (') in Reutlingen, Germany. After completing his studies in 1987, Cem Özdemir worked as an educator and a freelance journalist.

The beginning of the Guest Worker program in Germany started with the postwar labor recruitment treaty. The Federal Republic of Germany signed a treaty with Italy in 1955 which defined what a “guest” worker or Gastarbeiter is and the application process that allowed them to enter the country. Guest Worker programs came about due to the high labor demand from industrialized economies of Western Europe and the excess labor supply from less industrialized countries. Germany received mainly Turkish workers, which promised them more work opportunities that would lead to upward mobility.

Max Merten was Kriegsverwaltungsrat (military administration counselor) of the Nazi German occupation forces in Thessaloniki. He was convicted in Greece and sentenced to a 25-year term as a war criminal in 1959. On 3 November of that year, Merten benefited from an amnesty for war criminals, and was set free and extradited to the Federal Republic of Germany, after political and economic pressure from West Germany (which, at the time, hosted thousands of Greek Gastarbeiter). Merten's arrest also enraged Queen Frederica, a woman with German ties,Anagnosis Books: Queen Frederika.

The national and regional standard varieties of the German language The Austrian federal states of Carinthia and Styria are home to a significant indigenous Slovene-speaking minority while in the easternmost state, Burgenland (formerly part of the Hungarian portion of Austria–Hungary), there are significant Hungarian- and Croatian-speaking minorities. Of the remaining number of Austria's people that are of non-Austrian descent, many come from surrounding countries, especially from the former East Bloc nations. Guest workers (Gastarbeiter) and their descendants, as well as refugees from the Yugoslav wars and other conflicts, also form an important minority group in Austria.

The German Democratic Republic (GDR) recruited workers from outside its borders differently. It criticized the Gastarbeiter policy, calling it capitalist exploitation of poor foreigners, and preferred to see its foreign workers as socialist "friends" who traveled to the GDR from other communist or socialist countries in order to learn skills which could then be applied in their home countries. Most of these came from North Vietnam, North Korea, Angola, Mozambique and Cuba. Following German reunification in 1990 many foreign workers in the new federal states of the former GDR had no legal status as immigrant workers under the Western system.

Morris travels to Germany to contrast the modern success stories of Şahinler founder Kemal Şahin, MEP Cem Özdemir, Head-On director Fatih Akın and footballers Ümit Davala and Tayfun Korkut with the original generation of Gastarbeiter who failed to integrate and examine how Turkey directs this group to lobby for EU accession via the Presidency of Religious Affairs funded Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs (DITIB) but faces competition from more extremist elements such as Milli Görüş and Metin Kaplan’s Caliphate State which cause the likes of French Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin and Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger to question multicultural Europe.

Margalit's latest research topic was an oral history project on German Turks. Turkish immigrants started arriving in West Germany in 1960, after an agreement between Turkey and the Federal Republic on supplying Gastarbeiter ("guest workers") for the German labour market. 10 years later, they had become the biggest community of foreigners in the Federal Republic of Germany. His research focused in the Turkish experience of living among Germans, focuses at the religious and cultural difference and otherness of the Turks to their German surroundings, and the prejudices against them, which turns their integration into a complicated and significant challenge.

The (Foreigners Act) of 1965 attempted to control immigration to West Germany. During the 1950s and 1960s, a group known as Gastarbeiter participated in an organised immigration programme to the former West Germany because of labour shortages in the country. The former East Germany also had labour shortages but their "guest worker" programme tended to encourage immigration from other socialist and communist countries. Although the German government did not plan the program as a permanent method of keeping the "guest workers", after unification and the reform of German Naturalization Laws of the 1990s, former "guest workers" increasingly became German citizens.

He is a declared foe of the SPD government ruining the country only to sell it to the Mongols, of foreigners, Gastarbeiter, Jews and the women's movement. During his term of service in the Wehrmacht he had spent time in Paris, which finds expression in his (dubious) language skills. Alfred's appearance, small in physique with a moustache and side-parted hair, along with his passionate politicking with a high-pitched voice and frequent hand movements, make his character somewhat reminiscent of Adolf Hitler. Raised in Berlin he is a dedicated fan of Hertha BSC, which makes life somewhat hard in the Ruhr area.

Italian emigrants in Germany (called "Gastarbeiter"), receiving instruction in 1962 Large numbers of Italians have resided in Germany since the early Middle Ages, particularly architects, craftsmen and traders. During the late Middle Ages and early modern times many Italians came to Germany for business, and relations between the two countries prospered. The political borders were also somewhat intertwined under the German princes' attempts to extend control over all the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from northern Germany down to Northern Italy. During the Renaissance many Italian bankers, architects and artists moved to Germany and successfully integrated in the German society.

Türkendeutsch is an alteration of the superstrate German language where Turkish sounds and lexical features are mixed into the grammatical structure of German. Some Turks belonging to the second or third generation of ‘Gastarbeiter’ continue to deliberately mix Turkish and German. Here an example: ’Thomas I simdi bi vergessen et fuer ne zeitlang‘ = The sentence structure is German, in this case SVO, but the lexicon is mixed; the words in italic belong to the Turkish lexicon while the words in non-italic belong to the German lexicon. In English: ’Well, just forget Thomas for a while’.

He also provided some cinematography and stills for the 1989 film, Play Me Something, written by Berger, directed by Timothy Neat, and starring Berger, Hamish Henderson, and Tilda Swinton. He has been the subject of several BBC films, mostly with Berger, including A Photographer Among Men(1975), Pig Earth (1979) and Another Way of Telling (1988), both concerning books by Berger, and Traveling with Jean Mohr. His photos were also used in the stage setting of the 1987 opera production Gastarbeiter (Guest Workers) by Vinko Globokar. His work with theatre companies included a production called Check Up by Edward Bond and directed by Carlo Brandt.

There was little he could do directly in Yugoslavia. But there were many Croatian emigrants in North and South America, as well as some in Western Europe - including increasing numbers of Croats working in Germany (‘Gastarbeiter’) – who had been, or were, HSS supporters or potential recruits. He devoted the rest of his life to meeting and organizing émigré HSS groups, especially in Canada and the US, during regular travels to North America. He also wrote frequently for emigrant newspapers, especially for ‘Hrvatski Glas’, edited and published by HSS supporters in Canada. After Vladko Maček’s death in 1964, he became the president of HSS in exile.

Subsequently, there was increased cooperation between corporate and government leaders in modernizing the economy. South Korea's economic boom came at the expense of severe restrictions on workers rights, and labor movements that arose during industrialization to secure greater protections for workers were actively suppressed by the Third Republic government. The Third Republic continued the program with the government of West Germany to recruit South Korean nurses and miners as Gastarbeiter, which began in the final months of the Supreme Council. The costs were largely paid for by the South Korean government, with only their wages and some language services paid for by their West German employers.

The Koreans in Germany were able to wire large sums of money to South Korea because their wages, much higher than available back home, greatly exceeded their subsidized living costs. The Gastarbeiter South Koreans have since been argued as a major cause of South Korea's rapid economic growth in the late 20th century. In 1970, the Saemaul Undong (New Community Movement) was introduced that set out to modernize the countryside and their economies, in response to the growing wealth disparity with the richer urban areas. The Saemaul Undong encouraged communalism and the government provided free materials for locals to develop some infrastructure themselves, rather than relying totally on government-built infrastructure.

Before Turkish hip hop took hold in Turkey, specifically Istanbul and Ankara, it originally grew out of Turkish ethnic enclaves in Germany. Owing its large population to the Turkish migrants that came to Germany in the 1960s as Gastarbeiter (guest-workers), 2/3 of all Turks in Germany are under the age of 35 and half are under 25.(Statistiches Landesant Berlin, 1999) Exclusionary practices on behalf of the government, particularly in terms of citizenship status, create systematic discrimination of Turks in Germany that fuels racism against migrant workers. Although born in Germany, the children of these Gastarbeiters are not recognized as citizens by Germany or their parents' country of origin.

Ganz unten ("Lowest of the Low") (1985) documented Wallraff's posing as a Turkish "Gastarbeiter", and the mistreatment he received in that role at the hands of employers, landlords and the German government. In 1986 he was awarded Laureate of the International Botev Prize. In January 2003, Russia turned away Wallraff and two other Germans, the former labour minister for the CDU Norbert Blüm and Rupert Neudeck, head of the relief organisation Cap Anamur, as they tried to enter the country to work on a human rights article about Chechnya. In May 2007, Wallraff announced that he had started yet another undercover journalist work, this time at a German call centre.

By the early 1980s, the low Interflug ticket prices had resulted in a considerable impact on Berlin Tegel Airport in West Berlin, which experienced a severe decline of holiday flights. Reportedly, pilots of Pan American World Airways, which had a hub at Tegel, considered operating flights to Greece without payment, in order to allow the airline to compete with Interflug. With Turkish Airlines, Interflug had signed an agreement, by which the two airlines were established as the only ones to offer dedicated flights for Turkish Gastarbeiter to and from West Germany and West Berlin. With KLM, Interflug set up a partnership for a joint operation on the East Berlin-Amsterdam route during the 1980s.

The companies asked for legislation to extend the residence permits. Many of these foreign workers were followed by their families in the following period and stayed forever. Until the 1970s, more than four million migrant workers and their families came to Germany like this, mainly from the Mediterranean countries of Italy, Spain, the former Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey. Since about 1990, came for the disintegration of the Soviet bloc and the enlargement of the European Union and guest workers from Eastern Europe to Western Europe Sometimes, a host country sets up a program in order to invite guest workers, as did the Federal Republic of Germany from 1955 until 1973, when over one million guest workers (German: Gastarbeiter) arrived, mostly from Italy, Spain and Turkey.

Sometimes, in a negative context, they would be referred as Švabe, after the Danube Swabians that inhabited the former Yugoslavia. This is often equated to the English term "rich kid/spoiled brat" due to the unprecedented wealth that gastarbeiters accumulate compared to their relatives that still live in the former Yugoslavia that often struggle to get the equal amount due to high employment rates across that region. In modern Russia, the transliterated term gastarbeiter (гастарбайтер) is used to denote workers from former Soviet republics coming to Russia (mainly Moscow and Saint Petersburg) in search of work. These workers come primarily from Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, and Tajikistan; also for a guest worker from outside Europe, from China, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Angola, Mozambique, and Ethiopia.

This helped West Germany to more than double the value of its exports during and shortly after the war. Apart from these factors, hard work and long hours at full capacity among the population in the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s and extra labour supplied by thousands of Gastarbeiter ("guest workers", since the late 1950s) provided a vital base for the sustainment of the economic upturn with additional workforce. From the late 1950s onwards, West Germany had one of the world's strongest economies. The East German economy also showed strong growth, but not as much as in West Germany, due to the bureaucratic system, emigration of working-age East Germans to West Germany and continued reparations to the USSR in terms of resources.

The Semmering Pass on the provincial border of Lower Austria and Styria connects the Viennese Basin with the Mürz and Mur valleys, thus providing northeast–southwest access to Styria and Slovenia, and, via Carinthia, to Italy. The Pyrhn Pass between the provinces of Upper Austria and Styria and the Tauern Pass between the High Tauern range and the Lower Tauern range of the Central Alps in Salzburg, provide access to the Mur Valley in Styria and the Drau Valley in Carinthia, respectively. The highways that run through these passes are important northwest–southeast lines of communication through the Alps. The Pyrhn highway has been nicknamed the Fremdarbeiterweg ("foreign workers' route") because millions of Gastarbeiter ("guest workers") in Germany use it to return to their homes in the Balkans and Turkey for vacation.

Initial sections near the interchange with the later West Autobahn in the southern suburbs of Salzburg and a tunnel near Spittal an der Drau were already under construction when work ceased in 1942 because of World War II. Construction was not resumed until 1968, upon a 1966 resolution of the Austrian National Council parliament, in view of the increasing mass tourism from Germany to the Adriatic Coast and the Gastarbeiter traffic to the Balkans and Turkey. The difficult crossing of the Alpine divide started in 1971. On 16 May 1975, within the section between Gmünd and Spittal, the falsework of a newly built bridge collapsed and fell from a height of , killing ten workers. The Spittal junction opened in 1980; the A10 down to Villach was completed in 1988.

The forged papers in the name of Joe Soap used by Bruce in the Tea Chest escape He is thought to be the inventor of the 'triple identity' ploy for use when captured, which he explains in the Imperial War Museum Sound Archive tapes. The triple identity meant that he had three personae; his real identity as himself, the identity shown on his false ID papers; and another identity that he would only reveal under pressure. When he was captured, he was disguised as a Belgian Gastarbeiter or 'guest worker' named Josef Savon (his false ID is still in the possession of the Bruce family) another example of Bruce's fondness of disguises. The use of the Josef Savon disguise is also another example of Bruce's predilection for pranks, as Josef Savon translates into 'Joe Soap'.

Today the term Gastarbeiter is no longer accurate, as the former guest worker communities, insofar as they have not returned to their countries of origins, have become permanent residents or citizens, and therefore are in no meaningful sense "guests". However, although many of the former "guest workers" have now become German citizens, the term Ausländer or "foreigner" is still colloquially applied to them as well as to their naturalised children and grandchildren. A new word has been used by politicians for several years: Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund (German term for: people with an immigration background). The term was thought to be politically correct because it includes both immigrants and those who, being naturalized, cannot be referred to as immigrants—who are colloquially (and not by necessity xenophobically) called "naturalized immigrants" or "immigrants with a German passport".

The history of Filipinos in Germany goes back to the 19th century; national hero José Rizal lived in Germany for some time and finished writing his famous novel Noli Me Tangere while living there, and published it with the assistance of professor Ferdinand Blumentritt; the house where Rizal lived in Berlin sports a commemorative plaque, and efforts are underway to purchase the building from its owner. Mass migration from the Philippines to Germany began in the late 1960s, with large numbers of Filipina nurses taking up employment in German hospitals; however, with the onset of the 1973 oil crisis, German recruitment of gastarbeiter largely came to a halt. Immigration through marriage began in the 1980s, with roughly 1,000 women a year applying at the Philippine Embassy for a Certificate of Legal Capacity to Contract Marriage up until 1990.

The main programme of the 4th London Russian Film Festival included the controversial One War by Vera Glagoleva, a moving relook at crime and punishment during the Second World War, and Svetlana Proscurina's latest thought provoking film The Truce, an unsettling portrayal of provincial Russia laced with humour and lyricism which won Russia's Kinotavr’s main prize. Also amongst the main programme's feature films were the applauded Gastarbeiter by Yusup Razykov and Reverse Motion by Andrey Stempkovsky. The documentary programme looked back at last decade in Russia, offering a window into the real Russia, with screenings of the ten finest Russian documentary films, one for each year. Garri Bardin’s The Ugly Duckling, a children's stop-motion animated film with Orwellian overtones deemed so politically subversive it was banned from showing on Russian television, was the opening night film.

The New German Cinema dealt with contemporary German social problems in a direct way; the Nazi past, the plight of the Gastarbeiter ("guest workers"), and modern social developments, were all subjects prominent in New German Cinema films. Films such as Kluge's Abschied von Gestern (1966), Herzog's Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972), Fassbinder's Fear Eats the Soul (1974) and The Marriage of Maria Braun (1979), and Wenders' Paris, Texas (1984) found critical approval. Often the work of these auteurs was first recognised abroad rather than in Germany itself. The work of post-war Germany's leading novelists Heinrich Böll and Günter Grass provided source material for the adaptations The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum (1975) (by Schlöndorff and Margarethe von Trotta) and The Tin Drum (1979) (by Schlöndorff alone) respectively, the latter becoming the first German film to win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

However, the success of the protests laid some foundation for further professional cooperation among Chinese restaurateurs. Germany also boasts a small number of Uyghurs, a Turkic-speaking ethnic minority of China who live in the Xinjiang region in northwest China; they form one of the few obvious communities of Chinese national minorities in Europe. Though they are Chinese citizens or formerly held Chinese citizenship, their ethnic and political identity is defined largely by opposition to China, and for the most part they do not consider themselves part of the Chinese community. The initial Uyghur migrants to Germany came by way of Turkey, where they had settled after going into exile with the hope of one day achieving independence from China; they remigrated to Munich as a small part, numbering perhaps fifty individuals, out of the millions of gastarbeiter who came from Turkey to Germany beginning in the 1960s.

The German-Filipino relation start goes back to the 19th-century national hero José Rizal, who lived in Germany for some time and finished writing his famous novel Noli Me Tangere while living there, and published it with the assistance of professor Ferdinand Blumentritt; the house where Rizal lived in Berlin sports a commemorative plaque, and efforts are underway to purchase the building from its owner. A life-size statue of Jose Rizal stands in a fountain in a small park in Wilhelmsfeld, Heidelberg. Mass migration from the Philippines to Germany began in the late 1960s, with large numbers of Filipina nurses taking up employment in German hospitals; however, with the onset of the 1973 oil crisis, German recruitment of gastarbeiter largely came to a halt. Hiring of Filipina nurses restarted in 2013, as part of the Agreement between German Federal Employment Agency and Philippine Overseas Employment Administration.

Teenage Torbica either commenced security management studies at the University of Sarajevo or he immediately entered the workforce, spending time in a series of low-skilled labour jobs. The specifics of his possible time as labourer are also sketchy as details change frequently depending on what effect he's going for in a given discussion since he mostly brings up personal past when arguing a point. He thus may have been employed at the Pobeda metallurgical plant in Novi Sad, spent two years in SR Slovenia doing road construction, worked in Šipad's wood production facility in Travnik, or even tried his luck as carpenter in West Germany where his uncle brought him as part of the gastarbeiter program. Eventually, sometime during the early 1980s, Torbica ended up in Novi Sad where he got a driver job at the company, often acting as personal chauffeur to the upper management which at the time consisted of Čvarkov and Marjanović.

17, No. 3. (Oct., 1998), pp. 255-265."Hip Hop in Germany: Syncretism of a Devalued Culture" 3/27/08 Throughout their career, Islamic Force continued to present the point of view of the minorities in German society, often focusing on the plight of the Gastarbeiter, or guest workers, who were usually viewed as second-class citizens, regardless of their skills or education levels. From the song "Selamın Aleyküm": Köyden İstanbul'a vardılar Alman gümrüğünde kontrol altında kaldılar Sanki satın alındılar bunları kullanıp kovarız sandılar Ama aldandılar... "They arrived in Istanbul from their villages / And got searched in German customs / As if they'd been purchased / They thought they’d use them and kick them out / But they were wrong…" These lyrics express the situation and hardships of the Guest Workers in German society and the feelings of hostility they experienced, presenting the situation in such a way that empowered minority groups to stand up for their rights and not succumb to being mistreated.

A Turkish woman working in a market in Berlin, 1990, shortly after the fall of the Wall. In the mid-twentieth century, West Germany experienced the Wirtschaftswunder ("economic miracle"); however, the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 exacerbated West Germany’s labour crisis by restricting the flow of immigrants from East Germany. Consequently, in the same year, the West German government signed a labour recruitment agreement with the Republic of Turkey on 30 October 1961, and officially invited the Turkish people to emigrate to the country. By 1961–62, German employers played a crucial role in pressuring the State to end the two-year limitation clause of the "Gastarbeiter" ("guest worker") agreement so that Turkish workers could stay in West Germany for longer.. Most Turkish people who immigrated to West Germany intended to live there temporarily and then return to Turkey so that they could build a new life with the money they had earned.

By the early 21st century, issues of intersectionality between diverse social groups gained the attention of a larger number of feminists and other social reformers in Germany and beyond. After decades of pushing for greater legal recognition as full citizens, Gastarbeiter (guest workers) and their children (often born and raised in Germany) won some reforms at the national level in the late 1990s. During this time, women's rights groups had not, in general, made the guest worker issue a feminist cause. There were sporadic instances of women's rights groups voicing support for women guest workers' right to vote, and to have other women's rights included in the government's 1998 draft law for guest workers. Before 1997, the definition of rape in Germany was: "Whoever compels a woman to have extramarital intercourse with him, or with a third person, by force or the threat of present danger to life or limb, shall be punished by not less than two years’ imprisonment". In 1997 there were changes to the rape law, broadening the definition, making it gender-neutral, and removing the marital exemption.

The train between Germany and Turkey, between Europe and Asia is the landscape, which closely describes the life and the work of Emine Sevgi Özdamar. In her most autobiographical texts, Özdamar takes the reader with her on these train journeys between two worlds, where one can experience the complexity of feelings and impressions that come with migration, with moving to a new space, returning to the old, and finding oneself in-between strangeness and familiarity. „Özdamar has made migration a key conceptual and aesthetic programme in her work“, so the jury states after congratulating Özdamar on winning the 2001 Nordrhein-Westfalen artist award (Künstlerinnenpreis). Identity, German-Turkish Identity Özdamar's prose “often calls attention to the heterogeneity of Turkish culture and so represents an important intervention in the nationalist discourses of ‘Turkishness’ circulating in both Turkey and Germany.” In her short story collection Der Hof im Spiegel (Courtyard in the Mirror, 2001), for example, she writes „Ich liebe das Wort Gastarbeiter, ich sehe immer zwei Personen vor mir. Einer ist Gast und sitzt da, der andere arbeitet” (I love the word guest-worker, I always see two people in front of me.