All that seems to be missing are cobblestone streets, gas lamps and flannel uniforms.
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Leeries rode around on bicycles and climbed up lamp posts with ladders, lighting gas lamps.
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According to German newspaper Der Tagesspiegel, about 30,000 gas lamps were still in service as of January 2019.
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You'll gather that pretty quickly from the gas lamps, the cobblestone streets and the still-under-construction Williamsburg Bridge.
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On Friday evening, I had dinner with a journalist friend; we could barely see our plates under gas lamps.
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It faces a quiet residential street and has a white picket fence and period gas lamps in the front yard.
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Before the queen's arrival, her guards, decked out in royal red, trekked down to the cellars, gas lamps in hand.
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By the eighteen-seventies, plenty of homes were lit with indoor gas lamps, but they produced terrible fumes and covered everything in soot.
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"I was thinking, like, Eliza Doolittle," Eisenman told Colaianni, whose studio resembles a George Bernard Shaw set (crystal decanters, faux gas lamps, creaky chairs).
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Rental cottages and vacation homes are also spread across the property, which is draped by Spanish moss and that is lighted by flickering gas lamps.
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Overhead hang gas lamps, long ago converted to electricity but still suggestive of turn-of-the-century shopping expeditions for Eastern European face creams and pre-antibiotic remedies.
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In this New York, lit only by dull gas lamps, all matter of dastardly deeds can transpire in damp alleyways, without being discovered by forensic analysis and street cameras.
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Worst yet, open kerosene flames are common causes for burn trauma and home destruction, and much like cigarette smoke, the fumes from gas lamps may also contribute to cancer.
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In Hong Kong's business district, stone steps dating back to the late 1800s, which featured the city's only remaining working gas lamps, were heavily damaged by a tree brought down by Mangkhut's heavy winds.
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This exhibition is the first to explore the ways in which artists depicted older oil and gas lamps and the newer electric lighting that began to supplant them by the turn of the twentieth century.
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We enjoyed good food and good company as we ate under the famous gas lamps, and the waiters did their jobs perfectly, as we had heard they would, and we told funny family stories as we ate.
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SAN DIEGO — The first thing you notice in San Diego's historic Gaslamp Quarter is not the brick sidewalks, the rows of bars and the roving gaggles of bachelorette parties and conferencegoers, or even the actual gas lamps.
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Inside their kitchen, they light the gas lamps, and it's all very lulling — until, out of nowhere, comes a thunderclap so bold and startling that, at the performance I saw, at least a half dozen spectators visibly jumped out of their seats.
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After a particularly anarchic version of the festival in 1996, in which one participant ran his car over a number of people in tents, Harvey oversaw Burning Man's transformation into Black Rock City — a temporary urban environment with roads, gas lamps and an army of volunteers.
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The doors were finally unlocked in July, revealing a row of tables under electrified gas lamps and a row of stools in front of a white-oak bar that looks as if it was built to last at least until Van Brunt Street sinks into the sea.
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Its 1876 stone house and red schoolhouse are now a cultural museum that traces the stories of the region's early inhabitants, from the Mescalero Apaches, whose mescal cooking pits and petroglyphs have been found nearby, to the hardy (and yes, legume-loving) homesteaders who ingeniously rigged all kinds of handmade contraptions to pump water and keep the gas lamps lit.
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To the side walls of the chancel are gas lamps on swivelling brackets. The later addition of the vestry is lined with narrow boards. It houses a dresser, washstand, bed, wardrobe, and the bellows organ. Also stored here are the original gas lamps from the roof, and the dedication chalice and plate.
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Gas lamps at the In November 1874, Brown and Co.—a predecessor of Osaka Gas, established with the investment of many of the firms in the settlement—began supplying gas to the settlement, the first area in Hyōgo to receive it. Gas lamps were set up inside the settlement to replace the previous oil lamps.Maejima et al. 1989, p.
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"South Orange tests device to automate gas lamps", The Star-Ledger, August 22, 2010. Accessed October 21, 2015. "The hope is that after a yearlong testing period, the battery-powered device, developed by PSE&G; together with the Northeast Gas Association and others, will be installed in each of the village's 1,438 gas lamps." As of 2019, these devices have not been installed.
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Originally the tunnel was lighted by gas lamps. It is now permanently lit by electricity as part of a cycle path project, and in constant use.
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Duddell Street Steps and Gas Lamps are Declared monuments of Hong Kong. Three of the four street lights have been destroyed on 16 September 2018 during Typhoon Mangkhut.
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The property originally had a circular drive made of cinders that was lighted with gas lamps. The estate also contained carriage barns, a summer kitchen, an ice house, and a plum grove.
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One could get from there to the sprawling basement, lit with innumerable gas lamps, where a railway had been set up to bring food from the kitchens under the Rue de Rivoli.
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Owen, Lorrie K., ed. Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places. Vol. 1. St. Clair Shores: Somerset, 1999, 658. An 1875 inventory counted 5290 public gas lamps connected by of mains and supply pipes.
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Firemen stand by to watch for any gas leaks after the gas lamps at Duddell Street, Hong Kong, were damaged by Typhoon Mangkhut (2018). Damage to the stairs and missing gas lamps in September 2018 The street is famous for its four gas-powered street lamps. While all other street lamps in Hong Kong are now electric, these four still use town gas. The Hong Kong and China Gas Company continues the operation of the lamps as objects of historical interest.
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The village nickname is "The Gaslight Village" because it is lit day and night by 30 gas lamps which use natural gas drawn from near-by shallow gas pockets under a 99-year contract.
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In December 1890 the Hongkong Electric company went into production with help from Catchick Paul Chater. It was the first step in allowing the transition of gas lamps to light bulbs.Coates, Austin. [1977] (1977).
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Bates as a radical - always cites God, Nature. He seems to think that electricity is only for the rich and prefers primitive gas lamps etc. Has dramatic flair. In the name of God, misapplication of cause.
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Only two establishments took the risk of lighting with gas; a bathhouse on rue de Chartres and a café near the Hôtel de Ville, which boldly took the name Café du gas hydrogène. The first four municipal gas lamps were illuminated on the place du Carrousel on 1 January 1829, along with twelve more on the rue de Rivoli. The experiment was judged a success, a design for a lamppost was selected and gas lamps appeared the same year on rue de la Paix, place Vendôme, rue de l'Odeon and rue de Castiglione.
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The Zabriskie House has multiple wall surfaces, high multiple rooftops, a round turret, straight and round-arched windows and prominent gables and chimneys. The house is currently in excellent condition, including still-functioning original gas lamps throughout the house.
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In 1889, he undertook a nationwide tour. He claimed that his apparatus could revive humans who had drowned or been poisoned by gas lamps, and should be available in all hotels and lodging houses to deal with gas poisoning.
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Building of pavements started in 1858, first in Chowringhee and then elsewhere. The pavements were built to facilitate the erection of gas lamps. The traders objected as their customers were forced to park their carriages some distance from the shops.
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The street lighting in Paris between 1814 and 1830 was provided by 4,645 oil lamps, called reverbères. They were spaced far apart and provided only a dim illumination. The gas lamp had been patented in 1799 and first installed in a Paris residence on rue Saint-Dominique in 1800, and the first gas lamps were installed in the Passage des Panoramas in January 1817 by a German businessman named Winsor. He received a commission to install gas lights in one of the legislative chambers of the Luxembourg Palace, but opponents of gas lamps warned of a risk of explosions, and blocked the project.
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The author gives an example of the law in his original essay. During a trip to London, he wonders why at that time it was still lit by gas lamps, rather than electric lights as were by then common in other European capitals like Amsterdam. His explanation was that London's head start—their possession of street lights before most other cities—was now holding them back in replacing them with the more modern electric lights. As the streets were already lit there was no pressing need to replace gas lamps, despite the other advantages of electric lighting.
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In 1887 electric lighting replaced the original gas lamps. Seven years later, more space was needed, and the upper gallery was added, the last significant change to the building. Some alterations have also been made to the heating system over the years.
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Duddell Street is a small street located near the Lan Kwai Fong district in Central, Hong Kong. Named after George and Frederick Duddell, it stretches from Ice House Street to Queen's Road Central. The street is noted for containing the city's last four gas lamps.
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More original furnishings, including fixtures for gas lamps, are up the disappearing staircase in the attic. Many of the doors in the house and their hardware are original. A three-car-garage and breezeway are connected to the house. Built later, they are architecturally sympathetic.
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Although there was a plan to remove the setts, local protests convinced the council to restore them. At the same time the existing concrete street lights were replaced with late 19th century cast-iron gas lamps. Both developments acted as a traffic calming measure.
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One of Watson's gas lamps on Melville Street Edinburgh (converted to electric use) John Kippen Watson FRSE (1818-1891) was a 19th-century Scottish businessman. He is associated with major improvements to Edinburgh's gas lighting including the iconic lamp standard found throughout the New Town.
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In olden days, Kolkata streets had oil lamps. Then came the gas lamp and electricity. For sometime there was a tussle between gas lamps and electricity. In 1914, high-powered Keith lamps of 1,000 candle power were fixed on Corporation Street, and Chowringhee Road.
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The company operated 123 gas lamps across the city as well as a special one outside the office. The lamps were removed when the city turned to electric lighting but during restoration work, an original lamp was located and returned to the site where it now stands.
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Gas lighting was pioneered in Birmingham, and subsequently spread around the world. Gas lamps were later replaced with electric fittings. 1802: The exterior of the Soho Foundry is lit with gas lighting by William Murdoch. Murdoch, its developer, worked for Matthew Boulton and James Watt at Soho.
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With the incorporation as a borough, the main problems to overcome were: street lighting, sidewalks, and, several years later, water. The borough accepted public water in September 1896. Electric streetlights were installed after much discussion in 1915. Before that, gas lamps were used to light the streets.
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The construction was nonetheless completed and the hall was opened to the public in 1896. Originally the hall featured 151 shops, of which 53 were dedicated to fresh meat products. The hall was lit with gas lamps as the hall did not have electricity until 1932.
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Gas pipe for the original gas lamps is still in place; several lamps are in storage. When the barn was used for housed cows and horses, the upper floor was used to store up to of hay. It was loaded into the mow by a horse drawn elevator.
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The village is ancient and the earliest extant remains are parts of the church and bell-tower (now a chapelry), dating from the 13th century. Excavations discovered the stone foundations of an even earlier church on the site. The church has no electricity and is lit by gas- lamps and candles.
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Some places had diesel or alternately powered generators.Prince George Citizen, 23 Mar 1950 Otherwise, oil or gas lamps provided light and wood-burning stoves heat. Around 1950, the sawmill wired and supplied electricity to many company houses, which ceased when the mill closed. There are no BC Hydro transmission lines.
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His Bank of New South Wales in Princes Street was completed in 1866, a refined, three storey masonry building.Stacpoole, 1971, p.94. Recessed from the street and ornamented with gas lamps and pillars, it won high praise and a careful description from the Otago Daily Times.Otago Daily Times 18 May 1866.
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The general reading room also contained Mission style furniture, as well as electric and gas lamps. The room's floors consisted of a wooden finish. The directors' and librarian's office was located to the west of the general reading room. An alcove was located to the North of the reading room.
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A number of railway stations were opened, including Berngardovka, Vsevolozhskaya, and Melnichny Ruchey. Settlements eventually developed around the stations. The whole area was a part of Shlisselburgsky Uyezd of St. Petersburg Governorate. The settlement of Vsevolozhskoye, around Vsevolozhskaya railway station, was the first settlement in Russia where street gas lamps were installed.
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The 19th century saw many changes in St Boswells. The water-fountain in Main Street erected by Lord Polwarth of Mertoun is a remnant of the first public water system fed from Clintmains by lead pipes. Paraffin street lamps introduced in 1870 were replaced by gas-lamps in 1912. Electric street-lighting came in 1929.
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On August 4, 1902, the current boathouse (the first concrete structure in the US) was dedicated. Detroit continued to grow. Horse-drawn trolleys were being replaced by electric streetcars, planked sidewalks were paved, and gas lamps were replaced by electric lights. On the river, sleek racing sculls became standard equipment, and canoeing became popular.
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Young, p. 345. At first, the stone was put inside a gilded birdcage, but after complaints about its dull appearance, the Koh-i- Noor was moved to a case with black velvet and gas lamps in the hope that it would sparkle better. Despite this, the flawed and asymmetrical diamond still failed to please viewers.Rose, p. 31.
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The company was founded by William Coffin Coleman, who began selling gasoline pressure lamps in 1900 in Kingfisher, Oklahoma. In 1905, the company provided a demonstration for the 1905 Cooper vs. Fairmount football game (now called Sterling College and Wichita State University). Coleman gas lamps were provided to play the first night football game west of the Mississippi River.
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However, bankers refused to finance the warehouse, and the venture failed within twenty months. There was little manufacturing in Dallas. The city began to light its streets with gas lamps in 1874 and began to brick over dirt lanes. In 1880, the first telephone switchboard came to Dallas, linking the water company and the fire station.
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Graffiti was sandblasted from the walls and hanging baskets, milk churns and original gas lamps were brought in to adorn the platforms. Track materials came from a British Rail surplus at Croydon and three sidings were subsequently laid out with a small headshunt together with a special connection to facilitate the easy unloading of stock delivered by road.
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In 1896, Scottish immigrant Alexander Winton, owner of the Winton Bicycle Company, turned from bicycle production to an experimental single-cylinder automobile before starting his car company. The company was incorporated on March 15, 1897. Its first automobiles were built by hand. Each vehicle had fancy painted sides, padded seats, a leather roof, and gas lamps.
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Clinton Gilson was the builder hand traveled, with a crew, houses and barns. He installed a windmill to grind feed, an elevator to transport hay to the haymow, and gas lamps and piping: Two other barns in Boone Township have been identified Gilson barns. Neither the Maplehurst Farm Barn and the Arthur Gilson Barn have ornamental features.
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Baltimore first U.S. street gas light Gaslit outdoors fountain at Grand Army Plaza (Brooklyn, New York, 1873–1897) Church interior with gas torchieres (Reading, England, c. 1875) A lamplighter lighting a gas streetlight in Sweden, 1953. By this time, remaining gas lamps were rare curiosities. Among the economic impacts of gas lighting was much longer work hours in factories.
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The entablature is topped with another cornice. Either side of the arch a granite tablet is applied which supports ornate metal brackets which held gas lamps to illuminate the entry to the bridge. A similar tablet is located on the sides of the structure at the same level. The three lowest courses have been treated with a "rockfaced" surface.
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In 1900 St John the Baptist Church was removed from the Tingalpa parish, and the Tingalpa rector concentrated his efforts on the booming Wynnum-Manly district. In 1906 Rev. J. H. Whitehead was appointed rector of Tingalpa parish, and due to his enthusiastic parish work Christ Church was renovated in 1907 and acetylene gas lamps installed.
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During the healthier years, the company exported cars to Europe, Australia, South America, South Africa, and Russia.Kimes, p.807. Early 4-cylinder cars sold for $1,350 in basic form, and for $1,565 when fully equipped with windshield, hood, and gas lamps. By 1914, even the V8-powered car was only $1,350, and was advertised as the "World's First Popular-Priced V8".
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Stearns 1908, p. 1969. He was instead buried roughly a mile west, in Park Cemetery in Tilton. Arch in 1909 When the Memorial Arch was built, gas lamps were placed at each corner of the monument to illuminate it. Because there were no electric street lights in Tilton at this time, the arch was the only illuminated object for miles.
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Historically many "self-lighting" gas lamps, ovens, and stove burners used platinum black to catalyze the oxidation of a small amount of gas, lighting the device without a match or spark. This works particularly well for producer gas, town gas, and wood gas which contain a substantial fraction of hydrogen gas (H2) which is particularly well catalyzed by platinum black.
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But gas lamps produced poor light, wasted heat, made rooms hot and smoky, and gave off hydrogen and carbon monoxide. They also posed a fire hazard. In the 1880s electric lighting soon became advantageous compared to gas lighting. Electric utility companies established central stations to take advantage of economies of scale and moved to centralized power generation, distribution, and system management.
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In 1891, the Carl Zeiss Foundation founded two years earlier by Ernst Abbe became a partner in the glass laboratory. The invention of borosilicate glass, resistant to chemicals, heat and temperature change, paved the way for new technical glasses for thermometers, laboratory equipment and gas lamps. Products of Jenaer Glaswerks Schott & Gen at an exhibition in 1951.The company experienced economic success.
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There was also a small house nearby for the clerk and park. By 1867 there were 5,287 passengers taking the train that year from Grorud to Christiania. The area could thereafter gradually establish itself as a suburb and industrial area. The station received an extension in the 1890s,Norwegian Trunk Railway: 122 followed by gas lamps in 1900 and 1901.
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In 1924 there were 1,369 street lamps lit by gas with only 469 powered by electricity. However, by 1936, few gas lamps remained. Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in December 1941. During the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in December 1941, a number of staff at the North Point power plant held the Japanese at bay in an epic defence.
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Bates was the head coach for the 1905 Cooper vs. Fairmount football game played on October 6, 1905 at Association Field in Wichita The game was played at night under gas lamps as a demonstration by the Coleman Company and was the first night football game played west of the Mississippi River. Fairmount won by a score of 24–0.
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Another Sheffield example on Rural Lane at Wadsley. Biogas forming in sewers via anaerobic digestion can be a potentially foul- smelling and explosive hazard (chiefly due to chemical spills). Unlike ordinary gas lamps for street lighting, the main purpose of sewer gas destructor lamps is to remove sewer gases and their hazards. Joseph Edmund Webb of Birmingham patented a sewer gas destructor lamp.
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Interior of the bar The exterior is decorated in polychromatic tiles. This includes a mosaic of a Crown on the floor of the entrance. The interior is also decorated with complex mosaics of tiles. The red granite topped bar is of an altar style, with a heated footrest underneath and is lit by gas lamps on the highly decorative carved ceilings.
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In 1848, the Kingston Gas Light Company began operation. (Gas lamps would be used until 1947.) By that time, the town was connected to the outside world by telegraph cables. The Grand Trunk Railway arrived in Kingston in 1856, providing service to Toronto in the west, and to Montreal in the east. Its Kingston station was two miles north of downtown.
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Electric lighting was highly desirable. The light was much brighter than oil or gas lamps, and there was no soot. Although early electricity was very expensive compared to today, it was far cheaper and more convenient than oil or gas lighting. Electric lighting was so much safer than oil or gas that some companies were able to pay for the electricity with the insurance savings.
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The Ramble is a common area of landscaped with streams and paths. Period gas lamps line the curving streets of the community. The Llewellyn Park Ladies Association is largely responsible for the beautification of the Park. Its activities include annual plantings; purchasing, and selecting appropriate sites for rustic architecture including gazebos and benches; and directing the Park's maintenance staff to care for the trees, shrubs and flowers.
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Behind the altar is an oak reredos with fluted Corinthian columns having gilded capitals. In the central panel of the reredos is a painting of the Virgin and Child and other figures. The pews have wrought iron candle holders, and at the west end of the church are two box pews with brass gas lamps. The west gallery is supported by fluted pilasters with gilded capitals.
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New lights crafted to look like antique gas lamps were placed in the park. A new steel 3/4 size replica of the original gazebo built by Bradley Iron Works was placed on the site. This restoration was made possible by the Dubuque Jaycees who made a large financial contribution to the City of Dubuque. Also the Dubuque Jaycees had put together a time capsule using a donated grave vault.
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Gambrill House, also known as Boscobel House and Edgewood, is a house near Frederick, Maryland in the Monocacy National Battlefield. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The house is associated with James Gambrill, owner of nearby Araby Mill and the Frederick City Mill. Gambrill's house boasted advanced features such as hot and cold running water, imported Italian marble fireplaces, gas lamps and a coal furnace.
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A venture involving other banks resulted in the opening of a factory in Warsaw, Poland. In 1902, in addition to lamps, the company began making portable stoves for heating and cooking, bicycle headlights and brass sheeting and wire. The company grew to 1200 employees and the value of the stock increased several times. By 1913, the company was a major producer of all types of petroleum and gas lamps.
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The periodical "Engineering" carried a full description, including drawings, plans and sections, for Bridge Number 8 in the issue dated 26 November 1897.Engineering, Volume 63, issue dated 26 November 1897 Floating Bridge No. 11 and the two subsequent ferries were powered by diesel engines. Originally the ferries were lit by oil lamps. Ferry No 3 was fitted with gas lamps from new in 1862 but reverted to oil in 1869.
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Fire at Boyes, Ouse Bridge, York Boyes opened in York in 1906, on Bridge Street near the River Ouse in a former paint warehouse. The store was destroyed by fire on 8 December 1910. The fire was thought to have begun in the toy department when gas lamps came into contact with Christmas decorations. The fire took six hours to put out, but all staff and customers were safely evacuated.
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The 1905 Cooper vs. Fairmount football game was a college football game between (now Sterling College) and (now Wichita State University) played on October 6, 1905, at Association Field in Wichita The game was played at night under gas lamps as a demonstration by the Coleman Company and was the first night football game played west of the Mississippi River. Fairmount won by a score of 24-0.
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The Main Street Opera House in Town Square is the oldest building in Disneyland. It formerly served as the park's lumber mill between 1955 and 1961. The cannons that are displayed in the center of the square were used by the French army during the 1800s, although they were never fired in battle. The gas lamps that line the street originally came from St. Louis and were bought for $.
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City's first electric tram in 1907 Gas lamps of the early 20th century In 1905, "Bombay Electric Supply & Tramway Company Limited" (B.E.S.T.) was formed. The B.E.S.T. Company was granted the monopoly for electric supply and the running of an electric tram service in the city. It bought the assets of the Bombay Tramway Company for Rs.. Two years later in 1907, the first electric tram debuted in the city.
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Prison cells were heated by tiled stoves opened from the side of prison corridors. Large rooms and workshops were lightened by gas lamps. On the premises of the prison there were the following facilities: a pigsty, a carpenter workshop, a basket workshop, a noodle factory, garages and two chapels, Catholic and Protestant. In the mid 50's a pulmonary diseases hospital was opened in a separate part of the prison.
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Electric lights transform into gas lamps and buildings begin to disappear frame by frame. A short cutaway sequence shows the city regressing into the past, shrinking to a small Saxon settlement before disappearing entirely. Returning to the main sequence, the three men's clothes and hairstyles are adjusted into Bronze Age equivalents as they pass through thickening woodland. A close-up of one of the characters shows his features quickly transformed into those of a caveman.
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Very little changed in the park in the next 50 years. The railings and entrance gates are presumed to have been removed during the Second World War, along with those of other sites in Poole such as Poole Park. Supposedly this was to supply material for munitions, but many believe it was simply a morale boosting exercise. The old-style gas lamps were converted in 1965 and replaced with modern lamp posts.
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In 1955 Truma released the first quick-acting valve to shut off to the gas lines. The gas lamps became popular in camping and caravanning, and Philip Kreis decided to enter this market with other products. In 1961, the Truma-matic hit the market, the first officially recognized caravan heater that worked independently from the power supply on the basis of LPG. In 1969 Truma started with the gas pressure regulator Duomatic.
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A green light is the universal symbol of permission to go Green can communicate safety to proceed, as in traffic lights.Oxford English Dictionary Green and red were standardized as the colors of international railroad signals in the 19th century. The first traffic light, using green and red gas lamps, was erected in 1868 in front of the Houses of Parliament in London. It exploded the following year, injuring the policeman who operated it.
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Harchandrai was elected mayor of the Karachi Municipal Committee in 1911 until 1921. Under his mayorship, civic improvements led to the installation of gas lamps along the city's streets and the introduction of footpaths. Electricity was introduced in Karachi in 1913 by Mayor Harichand Rai. That’s why Karachi was called (and still is) ‘city of lights.’ Interestingly, it didn’t become common in US till 1920, even though the electric bulb was invented there.
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The second bandstand was designed by Walter MacFarlane & Co and founded in Glasgow. It was installed in 1896.Information on the bandstand from the Scottish Ironwork website Also the only remaining examples of the original Leamington cast iron gas lamps can be found alongside the south side of the gardens. The gardens originally contained decorative flower beds but with the decline in fortunes of the Pump Rooms themselves these have been grassed over.
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But this enterprise was not to survive long, Emperor Joseph II replacing the university with the famous Piarist Highschool, where the teaching was done in Latin. The first Hungarian-language newspaper was published in Klausenburg in 1791, and the first Hungarian theatrical company was established in 1792. In 1798, the city was heavily damaged by a fire. For lighting, oil lamps were introduced in 1826, gas lamps in 1861 and electric lights in 1906.
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Thorp also invented the rotary gas meter in 1902,Gerhard (1908), p. 152. and, what his obituary describes as "a tiny device ... for economical regulation of gas delivery [that] has been very widely employed by manufacturers and public authorities." Other inventions included a push-tap for water and improvements to gas lamps and pneumatic tools. Thorp retired from business at the age of 50 to devote more time to his scientific studies.
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During that evening, Jacques Offenbach's Les Contes d'Hoffmann was scheduled. When the visitors assumed their seats at 7 PM, behind the stage five display cases were illuminated with gas lamps. Because the electro-pneumatic ignition control succeeded to light the gas only at the second attempt, the gas that had already flowed out exploded. The subsequent fire burned the fly system, and the fire quickly spread to the rest of the stage and the auditorium.
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That Sunday morning the rector and sexton lit the gas lamps for the Sunday morning service. The Christmas greens caught fire; the building blazed to ruins in less than an hour. Under the direction of a new rector, the Reverend Walker Gwynne, the parish purchased land for the present building, at the corner of Woodland and DeForest Avenues. Completed in 1896, the present building, of granite with trimmings of Ohio and Indiana limestone, seats 700.
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The first Test double century was scored at The Oval in 1884 by Australia's Billy Murdoch. Surrey's ground is noted as having the first artificial lighting at a sports arena, in the form of gas-lamps, dating to 1889.Cricket's Strangest Matches, page 34, The current pavilion was completed in time for the 1898 season. In 1907, South Africa became the second visiting Test team to play a Test match at the ground.
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The following newspaper quote details the proposed switch on of the new power scheme. On 22 December 1924 the Bathurst town electricity supply scheme was switched on. This scheme included 370 electric street lights to replace street gas lamps at a cost of 40,000 pounds. Included in this conversion to electricity were 105 street lamps dating from 1872 and they are still a feature of Bathurst main streets and are Heritage listed.
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Of the many legacies left to the town by its founders, the one that has become its trademark is the gas lamps. With only 3,000 gaslights remaining in operation in the entire United States, Glen Ridge has 665 such lamps lighting its streets.Read, Phillip. "In Glen Ridge, the future has a Manhattan flair and a French twist; Work begins on a big ratable: Luxury condos with the fancy name", The Star-Ledger, March 30, 2005.
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The rules also forbid corner shops and pubs on the south side of what was then known as the border. From 1900 gas lamps were set up. Argyle Road was built in 1902 as well as a cut through towards Upper Albert Road. In the 1930s Laver's developed the upper side of Meersbrook (behind the Coop and Post Office) using names deriving from Holly, Thorpe and House, much to the confusion of its inhabitants.
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In 1930 the art gallery was relocated to the Exhibition Building Concert Hall . Both Executive Council and Cabinet met in the building from 1905 until 1971, when new offices were constructed at 100 George Street, known as the Executive Building. Since then this former Executive Building has been known as the Land Administration Building. The gas lamps on the pavements at the William and George Street entrances were erected by about 1911.
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Hillfoot Bridge This bridge carries Neepsend Lane (B6074) over the River Don. On 11 March 1864, the previous wooden bridge was swept away by the Great Sheffield Flood, caused by the collapse of Dale Dike Dam. The bridge was replaced by a three-arched stone structure in 1885. Alterations made in 1912 included rounded approaches, and lighting was provided by cast-iron gas lamps, contributed by the Neepsend Gasworks, which was located nearby.
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Perforated tubes bent into the shape of letters were used to form gas lit advertising signs, prior to the introduction of neon lights, as early as 1857 in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Gas lighting is still in common use for camping lights. Small portable gas lamps, connected to a portable gas cylinder, are a common item on camping trips. Mantle lamps powered by vaporized petrol, such as the Coleman lantern, are also available.
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Immediately after the liberation, starting from January 1945, repair of the gasworks was launched, and gas production to the city resumed in February. With city population growth and industrial development, the demand for gas increased. At the same time Bydgoszcz began to move away from gas street lighting: the last town gas lamps have been removed at the beginning of the 1970s. In 1951, the complex evolved into "Bydgoszcz District Gas Plant".
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The Cave Gardens are the garden located in the centre of Mount Gambier in the Australian state of South Australia that contain a 90-ft-deep cave. The cave was initially used as a water source for the town. In 1870 the area became a reserve, and by the 1890s trees, gas lamps and seating were installed in the area. On 2 August 2001, the Cave Gardens were declared a State Heritage area.
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Truma was founded in 1949 by Philipp Kreis who after returning from World War II initially ran a language school for English in Munich. The unreliable power supply in the postwar period with constant power cuts was a major problem for the night school. Philipp Kreis used the functioning gas pipelines and developed gas lamps, which brightly illuminated the school even during power outages. Quickly, the school turned into a company for the production of gas lights.
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The new building was constructed of white marble quarried near Cockeysville, Maryland with accents of pink Ohio sandstone. Designed in the Victorian Gothic style, it reached a height of with a tower and spire that was visible across much of the city. The interior featured cast iron columns and timber trusses and was illuminated by gas lamps. Despite the gift of William Corcoran, the church continued to have financial problems and by 1877 was facing the possibility of dissolution.
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Six paper birch trees were taken from Runnymede Meadow in Windsor Great Park, near Windsor Castle. It was there that King John signed Magna Carta on 15 June 1215. The ten gas lamps surrounding the corner come from King Charles Street which runs from Whitehall to St. James Park, London, near the Houses of Parliament. They were erected in 1908 during the reign of Edward VII, whose royal cypher E.R. VII appears on the base of each lamp.
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The helmsman′s stand was located on the forward end of the main deck. Below decks she had two state rooms and a saloon for dining and socializing. The crew′s compartment aft had a floor space of and contained the galley, the engine, storage space, and two hammock berths. She was well-lighted by skylights and portholes, and also had acetylene gas lamps for lighting throughout, and her ventilation funnels offered ample ventilation of her interior spaces.
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The Old Convocation house was repaired in 1759 at the cost of £144. In 1751, the Trustees also agreed to the construction of twenty obelisks to hold gas lamps, which the University agreed to maintain. Only 14 were actually erected and in 1755 the Trustees reimbursed the University for the cost of maintaining them up to that point and took on the obligation itself out of the £100 per annum left by Radcliffe for the Library's upkeep.
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In 1990, a plan was approved by the Board of Architectural Review which would have replaced the leopards with gas lamps, but the plan was not executed. The leopards were removed for repair in 2003 and reinstalled the following year. In June 2011, the leopard on the right of the entrance was destroyed by vandalism. The remaining statue was moved indoors, and both were reproduced in 2013 by Kevin McLean, an art student at the College of Charleston.
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A lead-acid battery was used to provide proper voltage when the generator could not, and was recharged at higher engine speed or lower electrical load. The automobile self starter was an early engine system to use this. Lighting, which had previously been provided by kerosene lamps or gas lamps, was one of the first common electrical accessories. Early systems used 6 volts, but 12 volts became the standard because it provided greater power with less current.
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"LaSalle County Jail", (PDF), Illinois Historic Sites Survey Inventory Form, 1972, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, accessed May 11, 2008. Within Washington Park there were original 1857 gas lamps oriented in a circle as a memorial to W.D. Boyce, Ottawan and founder of the Boy Scouts of America. The lamps were located where the reflecting pool is today. There are also properties that are not considered a part of the district, or what is known as "non-contributing properties".
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In 1909, a treatment plant was built on the peat bog in the south, the current Edelbergsparken. The same year, the City Council appointed a committee with the task of looking more closely at the electricity issue and in 1911 the first transformer station was ready. In the 1920s, the gas lamps in Eslöv were changed to electric lighting. A new treatment plant was ready in Ellinge in 1937 and a new main transformer station was commissioned in 1952.
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In the center, three kneeling tritons support another, smaller and higher vasque. Water spouts from a crown at the top, cascades down into the smaller vasque, and then down into the larger vasque before spilling into the main basin. The cascade of water was illuminated by the gas lamps (later replaced with electric globes), making it one of the first monuments in Washington, D.C. to be lit at night, and therefore a popular evening destination in the 1880s.
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An unusual measure, which was intended to boost the travelling public's perception of its safety, the interior of the tunnel was whitewashed and lit by gas lamps, the latter being supplied from a small gas works south of Merstham station. However, this practice was soon abandoned as the large quantities of soot emitted by steam locomotives prevented effective illumination of the tunnel anyway. On 12 July 1841, the Mertham Tunnel was officially opened to traffic.Turner 1977, p. 141.
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Gas mains were installed in the neighborhood by the city of Philadelphia, and gas was metered into each home for cooking and illumination. The meter was in the basement, and required someone in the household to occasionally feed it coins to keep the gas flowing. On Port Richmond sidewalks, tall gas lamps illuminated the streets. During each evening a lamplighter would come by to light the street lamps by igniting them with a very long device he held up in his hands.
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Extract > Worse than the slave trade in Appendix 1, Barty-King, H (1985). The first public piped gas supply was to 13 gas lamps, each with three glass globes along the length of Pall Mall, London in 1807. The credit for this goes to the inventor and entrepreneur Fredrick Winsor and the plumber Thomas Sugg, who made and laid the pipes. Digging up streets to lay pipes required legislation and this delayed the development of street lighting and gas for domestic use.
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The Mizunokojima Lighthouse began operating on 20 March 1904, after a torturous four-year construction marked by difficulties brought on by the remoteness of the location. The location had to be abandoned on 4 May 1945 during World War II due to Allied strafing and bombs, but service was restored with acetylene gas lamps by 17 May 1946. On 15 November 1950, the normal light was finally repaired. The lighthouse was manned until 1986, when it transitioned to automatic control.
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A knocker-upper would also use a 'snuffer outer' as a tool to rouse the sleeping. This implement was used to put out gas lamps which were lit at dusk and then needed to be extinguished at dawn. There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in larger industrial towns such as Manchester. Generally the job was done by elderly men and women but sometimes police constables supplemented their pay by performing the task during early morning patrols.
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In 1909, accompanying the construction of a street car along the Nagahori-dori road, the iron bridge was replaced with Osaka's first stone bridge. It was a Western-styled, elegant double arched bridge with a row of four-leafed clovers carved into the railings. At night the bridge was illuminated by eight gas lamps. The bridge was affectionately nicknamed "Eyeglasses bridge" by the townspeople because, with the reflection of its two stone arches in the water, it looked like a pair of glasses.
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Original pole installed in 1930 by NSW Railways to supply Bathurst and still in use. Until the advent of electricity and its introduction into towns across the world the primary form of lighting was by candle, oil and gas lamps. This was generally poor quality light and often not safe due to the presence of a flame. In the early years of electrical generation and distribution the main use for electricity in homes, businesses, and public areas was for electric lighting.
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Other sidings served Waterlow's printing works, the Great Northern coal yard from 1871, and the Associated Portland Cement works at Houghton Regis from 1925. Due to subsidence a new 50-lever signal box replaced the LNWR one from 16 August 1958; it was only to have a short life as closure came just over a decade later on 23 March 1969. At this time the station was still lit by gas lamps. Central Bedfordshire Council offices on the site of Dunstable North station.
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Woodham- Smith, p. 249. Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when it was decided to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty. Following the Queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with addressing the design faults of the palace.
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Paul lights the gas lamps to search the closed-off upper floors, which causes the rest of the lamps in the house to dim slightly. When Bella comments on the lights' dimming, he tells her that she is imagining things. Bella is persuaded that she is hearing noises, unaware that Paul enters the upper floors from the house next door. The sinister interpretation of the change in light levels is part of a larger pattern of deception to which Bella is subjected.
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Herring catches from the North Sea contributed to the 50,000-60,000 tons of fish landed annually in the early part of the twentieth century, the bulk of which were sent by rail to London. Fishing boats returning with their catches were moored alongside the pier on which were railway wagons ready to receive the fish. A spacious covered market was opened by the Great Eastern in 1865 by the North Pier, lit by gas lamps and with landing stages long.
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A carbide lamp The earliest bicycle lamps were oil-powered and started to be manufactured in 1876 for the Ordinary (High- Bicycle) and solid-tired tricycles. From 1896 acetylene gas lighting for bicycles started to be introduced and later in 1899 acetylene gas lamps for the motor-car became popular. Their carbide lamps were powered by acetylene gas, produced by combining calcium carbide with water. The light given was very bright, often called artificial daylight but the lamps required regular maintenance.
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Many of Gaslight Square's gas lamps were sold to Six Flags during the construction of Six Flags St. Louis in the late 1960s, for use in the park's Missouri section (now 1904 World's Fair). Most of them of are still in use. By the late 1990s most of the buildings were long gone; those that remained stood open and rapidly deteriorating. For the 20–30 years the district was almost completely vacant, with many empty lots and the remaining building dilapidated and empty.
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Businessman James Herring opened the Apollo Gallery in New York City in 1838, to provide a place for American artists to exhibit and sell their art. The Apollo Gallery was the first gallery open at night; from nine a.m. and “every fair evening until nine o’clock” with the use of gas lamps.(Baker:98) It was at this time that he received an analysis of the second year experiment from “The Edinburgh Association for the Promotion of Fine Arts in Scotland”.
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He married his childhood sweetheart, Joan Campion, in 1949 and they had four children. He started to paint as a means of relaxation. There were two great influences in his life that were to effect his own development as a painter. One was the work of L. S. Lowry and the other was the memories of the happy years he spent as a boy in the Manchester of the 1930s with its smoke-laden skies, rattling tramcars and gas lamps.
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The making of Canakkale ceramics was often a very time-consuming process. Canakkale ceramics were often painted with over with creamy glazes (usually clear). They were, however, very diverse in appearance, including plates, open and closed bowls, long necked bottles, gas lamps, vases, and even animal figurines, (mostly the 19th and 20th centuries), among many others. The ceramics would be coated with either red earthenware or engobe, then left out in the sun to dry, after which they would be painted.
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The house's exterior is complex; typical for Queen Anne houses. Key exterior features include a tower capped by a conical roof, bay windows, high gables with decorative woodwork, carved brackets and moulding, and a wraparound porch with grouped turned columns and spindlework valances. The home contains 20 intricately detailed rooms. Interior architectural elements include pocket doors, non-rectilinear walls and ceilings, detailed mantels, an intricate main stair with gas lamps placed on top of carved newels, and Victorian woodwork detailing throughout.
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The company office is located next to the chief engineer's cottage, and once looked out across the North Esk until the levee system was built over the wharves. The original building was a brick cottage but in the 1880s it had its facade rebuilt in a Victorian style. The headquarters have now been restored along with the other buildings on the site's north facing Boland Street. Out in front of the company office is one of the original gas lamps used in the city.
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Originally, Washington Park included many buildings: several shelters of untrimmed logs, a pavilion, wellhouse, croquet shelter, and lakehouse once dotted the landscape. The wooden lake house was replaced in 1929 with a "modern" brick structure while the others over time succumbed to age and changing use-patterns for the park and no longer stand. The footbridge over Washington Park Lake, erected in 1875, is the only remaining original structure in Washington Park. The lamps on the bridge were originally gas lamps, but they were electrified in 1881.
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Upon arrival, staff and senior boys dug air raid shelters before settling into life outside of Southampton. Andover Grammar School had their lessons in the mornings while Itchen carried out theirs in the afternoon and evenings, generally between 13:30 and 17:30, and allowed alternate Saturday mornings off. This schedule posed difficulties for the students, as classrooms were full of stale air and they had to conduct lessons using gas lamps with blackout curtains up at the windows. Finding accommodation was also difficult.
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It serves as the residence of the Archbishop of Hong Kong (Anglican). The next landmark on the route is the flight of stairs that descend onto Duddell Street and contain four gas lamps from the 1870s that are declared monuments. Before the street intersects with Queen's Road Central, it passes the Club Lusitano. The club, which is the meeting point for Portuguese expatriates in the city, has been located on the site since 1920 when it moved down from its original 1866 site in Shelly Street.
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Travel conditions were terrible: the wagons, many of them boxcars, illuminated by gas lamps, were cold; the windows had no glass, but planks that could not keep out the cold air. Travellers sitting on the roofs of the wagons died from the cold temperatures. "To our horror, a man and a 10-year-old boy were taken down frozen. Other shadows that were staggering, hardened by cold, recounted that, at some curves, many people – men and women – had been thrown off the train," Yvonne Blondel wrote.
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The tunnels generally rise approaching a station, to aid braking, and fall when leaving, to aid acceleration. The Central London Railway was the first underground railway to have the station platforms illuminated electrically. All the platforms were lit by Crompton automatic electric arc lamps, and other station areas by incandescent lamps. Both the City and South London Railway and the Waterloo and City Railway were lit by gas lamps, primarily because the power stations for these lines were designed with no spare capacity to power electric lighting.
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Dunn, Sarah (2008), Wilf noses out locations of old gas lamps, in The Diary, Sheffield Star, 16/July/2008 This survey found 25 remaining lamps in Sheffield. Twenty of these are grade II listed. In 2016 Sheffield residents campaigned for the lamps to be restored when the city council's replacement of every lamppost began, as part of the 25-year Streets Ahead road improvement programme. Sheffield Council plans to repaint the lamps and convert them to solar power with LED lights to replicate the original lighting.
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The Metropolitan borough of Wandsworth bought a Manulectric Standon model in 1957, to assist in the maintenance of electric street lamps, as they replaced gas lamps. The 160 Amp-hour battery gave a range of per day, enabling the operator to service between 35 and 45 lamp standards. Manulectric displayed a pedestrian controlled vehicle and a conventional driven vehicle at the 1958 Dairy Show. The fleet of Windsor and Eton Dairies included 4 Manulectric 13 cwt standing driver vehicles with solid tyres in 1963.
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Rochdale Council redeveloped the remaining section of Toad Lane outside of the building, which had been a cul-de-sac since the 1960s. The new characteristics of the area were cobbled streets, flanked by 19th-century gas lamps and a unique Victorian post-box. The official reopening was in 1981 and this commemorative ceremony was attended by Princess Alexandra. In 2000, the management of the Rochdale Pioneers Museum was transferred to the Co-operative College, and it became recognised as a registered museum in 2001.
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It was during the Victorian era that much of the town's architecture was constructed, including some grand residences and many listed buildings, so that by 1898 it had much of its present form. and a population of over 1000. This also saw the advent of Shotley Bridge railway station (closed 1952) and a gasworks which closed in the 1960s, electric lighting having replaced gas lamps from 1950. The closure of the steelworks at Consett in 1980 caused an economic decline, however since then the village has become more popular.
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This short street includes, at its southern end, a flight of granite steps that were built between 1875 and 1889;Central and Western Heritage Trail - Duddell Street Steps and Gas Lamps these lead up to Ice House Street. The street was named in honour of brothers George and Frederick Duddell. Both were landowners in the early days of the colony, having emigrated from Macau after the 1841 annexation of Hong Kong. George was an auctioneer and ultimately a significant property owner in the area around the present Duddell Street in the mid-19th century.
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The station was lit by gas lamps, which were activated by the station staff. The signal box was situated at the far end of the Eastbound platform, and the signalmen used to hand the pouches containing the tokens for the stretch of track to Tayport from a platform situated on the stair leading up to the signal box. The strip of land between the up track and Norwood Terrace contained allotments. The land on the other side of the main tracks was taken up by a goods yard.
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In the first year of operation for the company, a ten per cent dividend was paid to shareholders from profits. By 1894 13 per cent of business and street lighting in Geelong was gas powered. In the City of Geelong there were 263 street gas lamps, in the City of Newtown and Chilwell there were 48, in the City of Geelong West there were 45, and there was a single lamp in the Shire of South Barwon. The street lights used gave the equivalent light of 15 sperm candles for each of gas burnt.
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A gold trade center in the 1860s, Old Sacramento has been faithfully restored with cobblestone streets, gas lamps and wooden sidewalks. More than 200 shops and restaurants are housed in Gold Rush-era structures, including a firehouse built in 1853, California’s first theater, and a replica of the city’s first schoolhouse built in 1849. Of special interest is the B.F. Hastings Building, built in 1853, which served as the terminus for the Pony Express and the chambers of the first California Supreme Court. In 1965 Old Sacramento became California Historical Landmark #812.
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Located in the central business district, the Pedder Building is surrounded by skyscrapers and modern architecture. Opposite the building is The Landmark, a mecca of high-street fashion brands and luxury shops. The passage next to the building is filled with local speciality booths including shoe repair, watch repair and a 'chop' maker. In addition, the Pedder Building is part of the Central and Western Heritage Trail on the Central Route, together with other historic buildings and sites such as the Steps and Gas Lamps on Duddell Street nearby.
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As it now exists, the Adams Building is the product of several distinct phases of construction from 1854 to around 1874. The earliest phase is the building facing Stoney Street, with its elaborate symmetrical frontage behind a railed courtyard. It was designed as a lace showroom and warehouse, in which lace products brought in from outlying factories were finished off and then sold. The main display area seems to have been a two-storey lightwell in the centre of the building (now closed up), originally lit by decorative gas lamps; approached by a grand staircase.
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Born in 1814, Andrew Barclay was only 25 years of age when he set up a partnership with Thomas McCulloch to manufacture mill shafts in Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire, Scotland. It was only a couple of years later that he branched out on his own to manufacture his patented gas lamps. In 1847 he set up workshops specializing in the manufacture of winding engines for the local coal mining industry. However, the money from the gas lamp patent sale was never paid and sequestration of the company came the following year.
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On 28 August 1915 Henry Westcott Climie's son Henry ("Harry") Richmond Climie with the assistance of Mr. H.M. Millar, Assistant Electrical Engineer of the Public Works Department, commenced commissioning of the power station. On 2 October 1915 the Borough had electrical street lights for the first time, replacing the system of gas lamps. The output from Omanawa was carried to Tauranga on a three phase 11 kV line. Tauranga incurred a debt of £17,250 to build the power station and associated reticulation, which came to £11 per head.
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The Bal Mabille was opened in 1831 by Monsieur Mabille, a dance instructor, and was originally only for his pupils. It was later opened to the public, and in 1844 his sons decided to refurbish it as a sort of enchanted garden, with sand paths, lawns, trees and shrubs, galleries and a grotto. It was equipped with 3,000 gas lamps, very modern for the time, and was thus able to stay open after dark. Coloured-glass globes illuminated the areas under trees, and strings of lights and chandeliers were suspended between them.
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And although the changeover to electric was rejected at the time, the light output of the lamps was increased to provide more adequate lighting. There have been claims that South Orange has more operating gaslights than any other community in the United States. In 2010, the village initiated a project that would automatically shut the lamps in the morning and light them at dusk, as part of an effort to save as much as $400,000 each year in energy costs for the 1,438 gas lamps across the village.Khavkine, Richard.
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The open wooden passenger cars were propelled by a coke-fueled steam locomotive and lit with gas lamps to provide illumination in the tunnels. The line was such a success, carrying 9.5 million passengers in its first year of operation. An extension to the western suburb of Hammersmith was built and opened in 1868. In 1884 the Metropolitan was linked with the Metropolitan District Line at Aldgate to form an inner circle encompassing Central London (the modern Circle Line), with a short stretch running from Aldgate to Whitechapel.
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A proposal to erect a new central railway station and use the hall for the exhibition, was considered A painting by Thomas H. Lewis showed Merry Cricket Club Matches in Hyde Park's north - the park was apparently only planted from Park Street south if the painting was accurate.Clouston, 2006: 39 In 1871 additional planting was undertaken. In 1876 the parkland was redefined and enclosed with a dwarf stone wall and iron palisade fence. In 1878 Hyde Park was formally delineated, its corners demarcated with gates and sandstone piers surmounted by gas lamps.
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Seeing opportunity in this chaotic state of affairs, the great northern European powers planned the division of its provinces and colonies. The period of Liberal government (1820–1842) was marked by wars and guerrilla actions, but even so, many reforms and public works projects were introduced. The long-planned project to provide lighting in the city was finally implemented; and introduced in many private homes of the bourgeoisie between the years 1823 and 1837. Initially, lamps were lit by olive oil, and later fish oil, then were replaced by gas lamps in 1848.
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Certain buildings and monuments were also illuminated: the Arc de Triomphe was crowned with a ring of gaslights, and they outlined the Hôtel de Ville. The Champs-Elysees was lined with ribbons of white light. The major theaters, cafés, and department stores were also brightly lit with gaslight, as were some rooms in apartments in the new Haussmann buildings. The concert gardens, in which balls were held in summer, had gas lighting, as well as small gas lamps in the gardens, where gentlemen could light their cigars and cigarettes.
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When the planetarium was first opened, it was installed with a Spitz Intermediate Space Transit Planetarium projector. The projector was highly advanced for its time, weighing almost 1000 pounds less than similar projectors of its time, allowing it to move in ways most projectors could not. The Spitz projected using lights and lenses, with a star hemisphere map on each end of the projector. Each side of the projector has 4000 holes to represent the night sky and is lit with high pressure xenon gas lamps inside the arc lamps.
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31 Of the 94 gas lamps from the period, two are in front of the , while another is at the Meiji-mura museum and theme park. Reconstructions are also placed around the Kobe City Museum and the Kobe branch of the Daimaru department store chain.Doi 2007, pp. 75–79 Electricity became available in Kobe from November 1888, and electric lamps were put up around the city, but there was opposition within the foreign settlement, mainly from Brown and Co. This delayed the introduction of both electricity supply and electric lamps to the settlement.
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The Cincinnati Street Gas Lamps are a historic district in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Composed of more than 1,100 street lamps scattered throughout the city, the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Cincinnati's system of streetlights has been seen as historic because it is representative of the application of early- to mid-nineteenth-century technology to daily life. Prompted by a newly founded firm known as the "Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company," the city of Cincinnati began to implement streetlights in 1837.
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It was lit by gas lamps and light bulbs, and heated by a modern steam heater. On the ground floor, it featured a mess hall, a reading room with daily newspapers and a library. The underground floor held cleaning rooms, a luggage room, a bicycle storage room as well as a shoemaker's and a tailor's workshop. Moreover, the dormitory included a sick room with a resident physician, a disinfection chamber for the de-lousing of new residents, washrooms, a shaving room and a bathroom with sixteen showers and four bathtubs.
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The Covered Passage of Paris () are an early form of shopping arcade built in Paris, France primarily during the first half of the 19th century. By the 1850s there were approximately 150 covered passages in Paris but this decreased greatly as a result of Haussmann's renovation of Paris. Only a couple of dozen passages remain in the 21st century, all on the Right Bank. The common characteristics of the covered passages are that they are: pedestrianised; glass-ceilings; artificially illuminated at night (initially with gas lamps); privately owned; highly ornamented and decorated; lined with small shops on the ground floor; connecting two streets.
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The surpluses were diverted to other local causes such as illuminating Market Place's clock. In the mid 1840s, Neville's oil lamps were replaced by cheaper gas lamps, supported by heavier brackets; these in turn were replaced by tall lamp posts affixed to the ground rather than the monument itself in 1890. In 1911 the lamps were shut down and replaced with baskets of flowers. Although the original railings surrounding the structure had been an elaborate design of palmettes alternating with flame palmettes, by 1880 these had been replaced by railings of a more austere and functional design.
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The four-story house, plus an observatory, encompasses . The complex includes a barn, a carriage house, a well house used as a gazebo, and the original Lord & Burnham conservatory greenhouse. The house's main floor is surrounded by a veranda decorated with carved wooden gingerbread detailing and lit with gas lamps. The interior of the house includes an entrance hall, a solarium, a library, a curio room, a music room in the Egyptian Revival style, a 360-degree "dance room" added by Stiner, a billiard room, a wine cellar, seven bedrooms and three bathrooms, two kitchens and a pantry.
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A man on a tall bicycle in rural New Zealand, 1949 Historically, one of the first practical uses of the tall bike was as a late 19th-century lamp lighting system, by which a worker would mount a specialized tall bicycle while equipped with a torch for lighting gas lamps. As the worker rode to each lamp, they would lean against the lamp post, light the lamp, and then ride to the next. Upon completing the circuit of lamps, an assistant would help the rider dismount. The term 'lamplighter' is still sometimes used to refer to a very tall bicycle, for this reason.
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The reports differed in their statements on the attendance and size of the room; the NFPA said there were 200 to 250 people in attendance in a 25 by 36 foot room, while the Oklahoma Inspection Bureau said that there were 150 people in a 20 by 36 foot room. The schoolhouse was a light wood frame building, which offered no fire resistance. Gas lamps were used to light the building, which quickly exploded due to the heat from the fire. The ceiling had been freshly painted with white oil paint, which made the fire flashover once it reached the ceiling.
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This was only four years after the historic implementation of a similar system in Godalming. Gas lamps by Strode & Co. of London were provided external to each shop for illumination in the event of generator failure, or for decorative purposes. :Three fountains were erected in the promenade, and an underground tea-room was provided, as well as toilet facilities more than adequate for the expected large clientele. :Colonial material was used as far as possible, external walls being entirely of local bricks (2 million in total from the Metropolitan Brick Company, owned by Wendt) and faced with Portland cement.
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The district is bounded by Front Street on the east, Elm Street on the north, Acushnet Avenue and the Central New Bedford Historic District on the west, and Commercial Street on the south. This area includes 11 city blocks and part of a twelfth. On these 19.6 acres (7.9 ha) are 20 buildings, mostly historic but with some modern intrusions, mainly parking lots, a gas station and newer additions to the New Bedford Whaling Museum. Cobblestone paving and gas lamps have been added since the historic district was designated, in order to recreate the neighborhood's 19th-century appearance.
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The plant was coal fired and produced of gas per day. It was run directly from Britain until 1954 when a majority shareholding was purchased by local firm Wheelock and Marden Company Limited who moved the company's registered domicile from the UK to Hong Kong. As of 2011, the only surviving four gas lamps installed by the company are situated at the top and bottom of a flight of broad granite steps linking Ice House Street and Duddell Street. These are still maintained by Towngas, while the site is one of the Declared monuments of Hong Kong.
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Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet, one if its leaders, signed an agreement with the government in Hanover, and the gas lamps were used on streets for the first time in 1826.Johannes Körting, Geschichte der Deutschen Gasindustrie mit Vorgeschichte und bestimmenden Einflǜssen des Auslandes, Vulkan, 1963, p. 104-5, 107 Gaslight was first introduced to the US in 1816 in Baltimore by Rembrandt and Rubens Peale, who lit their museum with gaslight, which they had seen on a trip to Europe. The brothers convinced a group of wealthy people to back them in a larger enterprise.
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The former Southern California Gas Company building on Flower Street This gas company's roots trace back to the 1800s when new settlers arrived in Los Angeles in search of a new frontier. In 1867, Los Angeles Gas Company, the forerunner of today's Southern California Gas Company, installed 43 new gas lamps along Main Street, making the city safer at night. The gas lighting business was run by five entrepreneurs who manufactured the gas from asphalt, a tar-like substance, and later from oil. The company was enjoying modest success until Thomas Edison introduced his electric light in 1879.
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The colonial outpost prospered and had developed into an elegant city with stone buildings having replaced most of the early pioneering structures. By the mid-1840s, Hobart Town's shops were said to be as good as in many English towns, although at night the only lights in the streets were the lamps outside hotels and public houses. Some of these shop fronts can still be seen around Hobart's streets, such as the old Conner's family store in Murray Street. Hobart Town's main streets were lit by oil lamps from the 1840s, and eventually by gas lamps in 1857.
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Fletcher was born in Bolton, Lancashire and educated at the University of London and the Slade School of Art and won a scholarship of the British School at Rome. His drawings appeared in British newspapers such as The Guardian and The Sunday Times, and he worked for The Daily Telegraph, writing and illustrating a column, from 1962 to 1990. He used this medium to promote his drawings and texts about London, focusing on such mundane sights as gas lamps, Edwardian tea rooms, cast-iron lavatories and crumbling terraces. The term 'Geoffrey Fletcher London' is used to refer to his idiosyncratic descriptions.
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Edlington railway station was a small railway station at the eastern terminus of the Dearne Valley Railway. The station's full title as shown on the station nameboard is "Edlington for Balby Doncaster" (with the words 'for' and 'Doncaster' in lettering half size compared to the others). It was built to serve the mining village of Edlington and the Doncaster suburb of Balby in South Yorkshire, England. The station, like others on the Dearne Valley, consisted of a bed of sleepers set at track level with an old L&Y; coach body lit by a couple of gas lamps for a waiting shelter.
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Experimenting with technical stage effects, it soon acquired the reputation of being the most technically advanced theatre in Russia. Korsh's was the first totally electrified Moscow theatre in the days when even the Bolshoi and Maly Theatres relied mostly on gas lamps. Initially 'cheap' comedies and vaudevilles (by Arkady Kryukovskoy, Dmitry Mansfeld and Ivan Baryshev among others) dominated the theatre's repertoire, but it was on their commercial success that the Korsh Theatre built its financial independence and started producing serious work, including plays by Henrik Ibsen, Hermann Sudermann and Edmond Rostand.Dubnova, E. Russian Art in the late 19th - early 20th Centuries.
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Middleby roadster, 1909 The Middleby Auto Company (1908-1913) was a defunct American automobile manufacturer, based in Reading, Pennsylvania. The company was founded by Joseph Middleby, who purchased the Duryea Power Company from Charles Duryea. Its first Model A automobile (1908) was a runabout with a 108-inch wheel base and 30 x 3 1/2 inch tires, and a four-cylinder, air-cooled engine with a sliding-gear, shaft-drive transmission with three speeds forward and one reverse. Standard equipment included two gas lamps, two side oil lamps, one rear lamp, tools, and a French horn. Its price was $850.
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In time, oil lamps were replaced by gas lamps, these in turn were replaced by electric lights in 1883. Interior of the opera house in 1900 The original structure was renovated in 1907, when it was given its current layout with 1,987 seats. In 1943, during World War II, La Scala was severely damaged by bombing. It was rebuilt and reopened on 11 May 1946, with a memorable concert conducted by Arturo Toscanini—twice La Scala's principal conductor and an associate of the composers Giuseppe Verdi and Giacomo Puccini—with a soprano solo by Renata Tebaldi, which created a sensation.
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The South Eastern and Chatham Railway opened a new halt at the growing village of Cheriton on 1 May 1908, away from Shorncliffe later Folkestone West. The station, comprising two wooden platforms, was perched on the embankment just to the east of the underbridge on the B2063 Risborough Lane. Each platform was equipped with basic facilities: a ticket hut and waiting shelter, running-in boards and a row of gas lamps kept by the resident haltkeeper. The station was served solely by Elham Valley Railway trains and closed as a wartime economy measure during both wars, before closing definitively with the rest of the Elham Valley Railway in 1947.
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The Ludlow Avenue business district has been designated Cincinnati's first "Main Street neighborhood" in a program sponsored by the National Trust for Historic Preservation; the Gaslight District contains many independent shops, restaurants and a movie theater specializing in independent and foreign films. Side streets are lit using original gas lamps, hence the name "Gaslight District." There is a great diversity of retail outlets and dining and drinking establishments situated along Ludlow and intersecting streets. Businesses include the historic rock concert hall the Ludlow Garage where the Allman Brothers recorded their famous album “Live at the Ludlow Garage,” and Ludlow Wines, the oldest wine shop in Cincinnati.
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Reading Market during the Second World War. By now the monument (right) was almost completely obscured by surrounding structures In 1956 the monument was Grade II listed. By this time, the structure was severely dilapidated, and described as "effectively ruined". In 1965 responsibility for the monument was transferred to Reading Borough Council. In 1971 the baskets of flowers hanging from the disused lamp brackets were removed, and electric light bulbs in mock gas lamps installed, while in the mid-1970s the market itself was relocated across the town centre to Hosier Street, near its original site prior to its relocation to Market Place in the twelfth century.
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Tamworth was the first town in Australia to light its streets by municipally generated electritown in 1888. A larger power station was established in 1923 at a site in Marius Street, East Tamworth due to the high demand of electritown and the main building was demolished in 1982. The Tamworth Power Station Museum's purpose is to tell the story of the town's role in the development of electric street lighting, from the early days of oil lamps in 1876 and gas lamps in 1882, through to the installation of the first electric lights in November 1888. The museum has one of Australia's largest collections of early 20th century electrical appliances.
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St. Mary's in the Lace Market Once the heart of the world's lace industry during the days of the British Empire, it is full of impressive examples of 19th-century industrial architecture and thus is a protected heritage area. It was never a market in the sense of having stalls, but there were salesrooms and warehouses for storing, displaying and selling the lace. Most of the area is typical Victorian, with densely packed 4-7 storey red-brick building lined streets. Iron railings, old gas lamps and red phone boxes a plenty also help give the through walker a sense of going back in time to Victorian England.
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But there were increasingly unsanitary conditions, and poor quality housing; again reflecting a trend seen across the United Kingdom. The open sewage, middens (domestic waste dumps), and smell from the harbour at low tide all contributed to the town's uncleanliness. Oil and gas lamps first appeared in the late 1820s and 1830s, the first hospital to join the Dispensary was built in 1850, and in 1832 the scenic Tower of Refuge was built in Douglas Bay to offer shelter and provisions for sailors awaiting rescue. Douglas in the first half of the 19th century often suffered from the destitution of its population and the many epidemics, in particular cholera.
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The school was designed in 1891 by George Craig, a Leith architect for Leith school Board.Edinburgh City Council, listed building summary On 4 September 1893, Craighall Road School was opened with Thomas Trotter, formerly of North Fort Street, as rector. With a frontage deemed 'of a superior kind to most other schools' it had cost £18,850 and five shillings, (excluding the purchase of the land from the Laird of Bonnington, James Clerk-Rattray) and had electric bells and voice tubes connecting the Rector's room to the classes and gas lamps throughout. This part of the school has retained many of its original features and as such, is a listed building.
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Soon after saw the building of the first formal school. The Virginia Institute was officially opened 9 November 1908 and lit by gas lamps - over the years the Institute has been used for a variety of purposes from church celebrations, dances, fetes, library and is still used by the community. On the land next to the Institute approximately 17 trees were planted on 1 September 1916 in memory of the soldiers who fought in World War I. A remount depot was built by the Army during World War I, as a place to train horses for cavalry units. The depot was located near the five corners intersection.
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The lamps were installed at places where sewer gases were likely to collect, such as at the tops of hills. The city of Sheffield, being a hilly area, had many sewer gas destructor lamps and many remain. Sheffield on the Net has a section on the old gas lamps, which states: > Eighty-four of these street lamps were erected in Sheffield between 1914 and > 1935, the largest number in any British town, due mainly to the many hills > in the area where gas could be trapped.Sheffield on the Net - City > Curiosities The Sheffield Star newspaper reported a local survey of the lamps by W Jessop.
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The lights were removed and replaced by conventional electric street lighting but restored as an electric version of the original gas-lamps using moulds made by the Edinburgh New Town Conservation Trust in the early 1980s. Cast- iron balconies, despite being common, were not part of the original design and were added on an ad hoc basis mainly in the period 1830 to 1890. This is why the design of the balconies varies from house to house. The fashion for full length windows at first floor (beginning around 1860) causes further subtle change, dropping many windows and making them five panes high rather than four panes as designed.
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After the passing of the Public Health Act (1848), Penzance was one of the first towns to petition to form a local board of health, doing so in September that year. Following a report by a government inspector in February, the Board was established in 1849 which led to many facilities to enhance public health. The report shows that most streets were macadamised or sometimes paved, and the town was lit by 121 gas lamps from October to March each year, although they were not lit when there was a full moon. Water was supplied from 6 public pumps, and there were a further 53 private wells.
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The last entry in the journal of the House on April 25 reads: After breaking the windows and the gas lamps on the outside, a group entered the building and committed various acts of vandalism. According to Perry's account, he, together with Augustus Howard and Alexander Courtney, broke into the building after a first unsuccessful attempt to open the locked doors. Someone ordered a fire truck brought over, and then Perry and a notary, John H. Isaacson, used the truck's 35-foot ladder as a battering ram to break down the doors. He entered with a few followers and reached the House of Assembly.
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Along the broad Reforma, double rows of eucalyptus trees were planted, gas lamps installed, and the first mule-drawn streetcars were introduced. The development was the catalyst for a new phase of growth from downtown Mexico City to the west, a direction that would define the city's structure for the next half century. During President Porfirio Díaz's terms (1876–1880, 1884–1911), patrons and practitioners of architecture manifested two impulses: to create an architecture that would indicate Mexico's participation in modernity and the emphasize Mexico's difference from other countries through the incorporation of local characteristics into the architecture. The first goal took precedence over the second during most of the 19th century.
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This left the plaza bare again, except for some ash trees and flower gardens that were planted and protected by stone borders. Santa Anna wanted to build a monument to Mexican Independence in the center of the plaza but his project got only as far as the base (zócalo), which stayed there for decades and gave the plaza its current popular name. It stayed this way until 1866 when the Paseo (path) del Zócalo was created in response to the numbers of people who were using the plaza to take walks. A garden with footpaths was created; fountains were placed at each corner; 72 iron benches were installed and the area was lighted by hydrogen gas lamps.
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At the time of the invention of his revolutionary illumination scheme as a graduate student at the University of Giessen, Köhler was working on overcoming problems with microphotography. Microscopes were illuminated by gas lamps, mirrors or other primitive light sources, resulting in an uneven specimen illumination unsuited for producing good quality photomicrographs using the slow-speed emulsions available at the time. Over the course of his work for his doctorate degree, Köhler developed a microscope configuration that allowed for an evenly illuminated field of view and reduced optical glare from the light source. It involved a collector lens for the lamp that allowed the light source to be focused on the front aperture of the condenser.
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The English Civil War saw the harbour in the firing line in 1643 between the Royalist held Castle Cornet and the Parliamentarian held town. Cannonballs fired from the castle caused some damage to the town. A low-level oblique photograph taken from one of 3 Bristol Beauforts of No. 86 Squadron RAF, attacking shipping in St Peter Port, Guernsey. The aircraft are passing over St Julian's Pier at its junction with White Rock Pier: bombs can be seen falling from the aircraft in the left-hand corner, which was itself nearly hit by bombs dropped from the photographing aircraft (seen exploding at the bottom). In 1831 gas lamps replaced oil lamps on quays, in 1857 electric lights were demonstrated.
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They were proposed by the railway engineer J. P. Knight of Nottingham who had adapted this idea from his design of railway signalling systems and constructed by the railway signal engineers of Saxby & Farmer. The main reason for the traffic light was that there was an overflow of horse-drawn traffic over Westminster Bridge which forced thousands of pedestrians to walk next to the Houses of Parliament. The design combined three semaphore arms with red and green gas lamps for night-time use, on a pillar, operated by a police constable. The gas lantern was manually turned by a traffic police officer with a lever at its base so that the appropriate light faced traffic.
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The Naum Theater and the Jardin des Fleurs Hotel were previously located at the modern site of Avrupa Pasajı, but these buildings were burned along with many others during the Great Beyoğlu Fire of 5 June 1870. After the fire, architect Pulgher developed a neoclassical shopping arcade project for the cleared area and this project was built by the Ottoman Armenian merchant Onnik Düz in 1874. Initially the arcade was illuminated by gas lamps placed in front of its famous mirrors, giving rise to its other name "Aynalı Pasaj". In the early years shops in the arcade included a shoemaker, two hairdressers, two tailors, a grocery store, a haberdasher, two soap-makers and a carpet seller.
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St Mary Street façade The theatre was built in 1878 to a Venetian Gothic design by the architects W. D. Bleasley and T. Waring, during a period when Cardiff, then a prosperous coal-exporting port, was rapidly expanding. The building was a prompt replacement of Cardiff's old Theatre Royal in Queen Street (built 1827, which had burnt down in December) doubling the audience capacity to almost 2000, and was opened on 7 October 1878. The main stage was 56 feet wide and 46 feet deep, framed by a proscenium arch 30 feet high, topped with the royal coat of arms. Interior decoration was in gold and white and the building was illuminated after dark using 800 gas lamps.
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Returning to Britain, he started a gasworks and in 1807 lit one side of Pall Mall, London, with gas lamps. In 1804–09 he was granted various patents for gas furnaces and application to Parliament for a charter for the Gas Light and Coke Company having failed, Winsor once more moved to France, but unlike the success he had in United Kingdom in Paris his company in made little progress and was liquidated in 1819. The distilling retort Winsor used consisted of an iron pot with a fitted lid. The lid had a pipe in the centre leading to the conical condensing vessel, which was compartmented inside with perforated divisions to spread the gas to purify it of hydrogen sulphide and ammonia.
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Walker stood unsuccessfully as Conservative candidate for his local ward, but became a City Commissioner and a Churchwarden of St Denys Church, Walmgate. He 'for many years paid the expenses of instructing the men in his employment in singing, and by this means raised an efficient church choir'. [Yorks Gazette 2 July 1853] Beginning locally, supplying the first gas lamps and railings for St Leonards Place, the firm prospered and in 1845-6 supplied the gates to Kew Gardens, London. This commission earned Walker the patronage of Queen Victoria in 1847 and he was granted permission to add "Ironfounders & Purveyors of Smithy Work to the Queen" to his letterheading. In 1850-53 his firm supplied the gates and railings to the British Museum, London.
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The first private residence in the US illuminated by gas has been variously identified as that of David Melville (c. 1806), as described above, or of William Henry, a coppersmith, at 200 Lombard Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1816. In 1817, at the three stations of the Chartered Gas Company in London, 25 chaldrons (24 m3) of coal were carbonized daily, producing 300,000 cubic feet (8,500 m3) of gas. This supplied gas lamps equal to 75,000 Argand lamps each yielding the light of six candles. At the City Gas Works, in Dorset Street, Blackfriars, three chaldrons of coal were carbonized each day, providing the gas equivalent of 9,000 Argand lamps. So 28 chaldrons of coal were carbonized daily, and 84,000 lights supplied by those two companies only.
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The aspidistra is a hardy, long-living plant that is used as a house plant in England, and which can grow to an impressive, even unwieldy size. It was especially popular in the Victorian era, in large part because it could tolerate not only weak sunlight but also the poor indoor air quality that resulted from the use of oil lamps and, later, coal gas lamps. They had fallen out of favour by the 20th century, following the advent of electric lighting. Their use had been so widespread among the middle class that they had become a music hall jokeXenia Field Indoor Plants Hamlyn 1966 appearing in songs such as "Biggest Aspidistra in the World," of which Gracie Fields made a recording.
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David Mocatta and John Urpeth Rastrick of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway were the likely designers of this romantic, medieval castle-like surround. The octagonal turrets stand tall in the cutting either side of the turreted and castellated north portal. Along with its attached cottage (private dwelling) perched directly over the line, is one of the more unusual and photogenic railway features on the Brighton Main Line and is now a Grade II listed building, having being designated on 11 May 1983. The single-storey cottage over the north portal, which is built in contrasting red brick and sits curiously off centre, was added in 1849 for the purpose of housing the lamp-lighter, who was tasked with relighting the gas lamps in the tunnel after passing trains snuffed them out.
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"The Inquest: Statement of Thomas B. Jackson, Architect" British House of Commons page 5 The drama was entirely lit with gaslight controlled at a gas table, where an operator could light a lamp with an electric spark and vary its intensity through regulating gas flow.'William Webster' "The Inquest: Continuation of the Testimony Before the Coroner's Jury" Brooklyn Daily Eagle December 23, 1876 page 2 column 8 "The Gas Table" Behind the Scenes of an Opera-house page 451, column 2 Arrayed on the side of the proscenium arch were gas-lit border lamps, equipped with tin reflectors that cast light backstage and onto the borders. Each border lamp was in a wire cage intended to keep the canvas borders at least a foot () away from the gas lamps within.
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The East Midlands Archaeological Research Framework Project Officially opened as a show cave in 1853 by the 6th Duke of Devonshire, the cave was already a tourist attraction, being listed as one of the Wonders of the Peak by Charles Cotton in 1683. Early tour guides would attempt to extort money out of visitors by threatening to extinguish the lights and run away, leaving the visitor in darkness, if more money was not forthcoming. Mary, Queen of Scots, is claimed to have been an early visitor. Under the management of the Duke's overseer, Frank Redfern, the entrance was widened and, in 1859, a system of gas lamps was installed to light the caverns (one of the earliest uses of gas in this context), which remained in use until the cave closed in 1965.
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In line with Bathurst's status as the main regional station the railway environs were lit by gas lamps in 1878, the gas lighting of the railway facilities continued until 1934. In 1890 a major expansion of the railway facilities were approved, these included a second passenger platform with underground pedestrian subway, two mainlines, extra shunting tracks, and a new Signal Box. By 1896, Bathurst had become a major rail facility with a locomotive depot housing 100 locomotives and a staff of 400. Many of the railway staff lived in an area known as Milltown which was close to the depot on the northern side of the railway line By 1916 the locomotive depot had become a major steam engine overhaul workshop and catered for all locomotives assigned to the west of the mountains.
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By 1924, that section of the timber fence opposite Queen's Hotel, near the intersection of Wickham Street and The Strand, had been replaced with park entrance gates and fencing of wrought-iron panels set between masonry pillars. Also by 1924, several canon, probably trophies from the 1914–18 war, were located east and west of the bandstand; the park was lit by gas lamps; and a children's playground had been constructed at the western end of the park, near the sea baths. No evidence of this early playground survives. In October 1925, the park was described as being tastefully laid out and planted with ornamental trees, shrubs with foliage of variegated colours, and lawns of couch grass, and attracted hundreds of people to the Sunday evening band and orchestral concerts.
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During the remainder of 1871 and the early part of 1872, Adriatic was fitted out. As a part of this process, a technology new to that era was tried on the ship. Up to this point, ships' cabins had been lit by oil lamps, but the builders decided to try new gas lamps on Adriatic. A machine was added to the engine room to produce gas from coal, the first ship in the world to have such a system, but problems with gas leaks meant it had to be removed before the ship went into service. Adriatic left on her maiden voyage on 11 April 1872, sailing from Liverpool to New York, under Captain Sir Digby Murray, who had captained the maiden voyage of the White Star's first ship, Oceanic the year before.
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A three mantle gas lamp in modern use The use of natural gas (methane) for indoor lighting is nearly extinct. Besides producing a lot of heat, the combustion of methane tends to release significant amounts of carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas which is more readily absorbed by the blood than oxygen, and can be deadly. Historically, the use of lamps of all types was of shorter duration than we are accustomed to with electric lights, and in the far more draughty buildings, it was of less concern and danger. There are no suppliers of new mantle gas lamps set up for use with natural gas; however, some old homes still have fixtures installed, and some period restorations have salvaged fixtures installed, more for decoration than use.
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Storey pole used in masonry A storey pole (or story pole, storey rod, story stick, jury stick, scantling, scantillon) is a length of narrow board usually cut to the height of one storey. It is used as a layout tool for any kind of repeated work in carpentry including stair-building, framing, timber framing, siding, brickwork, and setting tiles. The pole is marked for the heights from (usually) the floor platform of a building for dimensions such as window sill heights, window top heights (or headers), exterior door heights (or headers), interior door heights, wall gas jet heights (for gas lamps) and the level of the next storey joists. It makes for quick, repeatable measurements without the need of otherwise calibrated measuring devices or workers skilled in using them.
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In February 1862, the concession to supply gas to the city of Victoria (the centre of which now referred to as Central), was obtained from then governor Sir Hercules Robinson by William Glen, a newcomer to the gas industry. p. 221 Incorporation took place on 3 June 1862 and, by 3 December 1864 that year, there were of pipes and 500 gas lamps along Queen's Road and Upper Valley Road. Across the harbour, residents in Kowloon continued to rely on candles and oil lamps until gas was laid on 28 years later. The company's original generating plant, the first in Asia, stood on the waterfront at West Point near Whitty Street and provided gas for lighting to government offices and army barracks as well as Jardine's offices, the Hong Kong Dispensary and the Hong Kong Hotel.
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The opening on 21 September 1841 of Hassocks Gate station (named after the nearby toll gate on the turnpike road to Brighton, but now known simply as Hassocks) on the London to Brighton railway saw the beginning of the village that we know today. South of the village the railway passes beneath the chalk escarpment of the South Downs through Clayton Tunnel, which at is the longest of the five tunnels on the railway. The north entrance of the tunnel is distinguished by a castellated portal with a dwelling house between the two towers. The latter might have been built for the use of the man who had to look after the gas lighting in the tunnel (for several years after opening the interior of the tunnel was whitewashed and lit by gas lamps, presumably to allay the fears of early railway travellers).
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As artificial lighting became more common, the desire grew for it to be readily available to the public: partly because towns became much safer places after gas lamps were installed in the streets, reducing crime rates. In 1809, accordingly, the first application was made to Parliament to incorporate a company in order to accelerate the process, but the bill failed to pass. In 1810, however, the application was renewed by the same parties, and though some opposition was encountered and considerable expense incurred, the bill passed, but not without great alterations; and the London and Westminster Chartered Gas-Light and Coke Company was established. By 1816, Samuel Clegg obtained the patent for his horizontal rotative retort, his apparatus for purifying coal-gas with cream of lime, and for his rotative gas meter and self-acting governor.
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Over the next few years, the company began making gas lamps, the production of which soon increased with the growing use of gas lighting. Schneider took over his partner's share of the business in 1871 and by 1880, the firm had grown from a simple factory to an industrial plant, with 200 employees. It soon grew to over 300 employees and began exporting not just to other European countries, but also to South America, Asia and Australia. Schneider died on June 1, 1888 and his son, Johnannes Schneider-Dörfel took over the business. In 1899, with the involvement of Darmstädter Bank für Handel und Industrie (known as Darmstädter Bank) and other banks, the firm was established as an aktiengesellschaft, manufacturing metal goods under the name "Hugo Schneider AG (Hasag)". Schneider's sons retained 63 percent of the company, but bankers now sat on the board controlling the company.
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Maiden Lane was a street of shops by the end of the 18th century, even before the new fashion for multi-paned shop windows caught on in the city. In 1827 the skylit New York Arcade, banking on the fashionable success of London's Burlington Arcade (1819), spanned the block between Maiden Lane and John Street east of Broadway with forty smart shops; however, while regarded as beautiful by many, it was also financially disastrous, and Charles Haynes Haswell recalled that "it had not the success that had been anticipated...and survived but a few years". Maiden Lane was soon one of the first city streets to be lit with gas lamps, which led to its being a popular shopping street. The slip at the foot of Main Lane was infilled in the early 19th century, accounting for the widened stretch in the last blocks before South Street, the present waterfront.
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In its early years, Citizens' Hall was used as the primary social-gathering site in South Lyndeborough. The Lafayette Artillery held drills in the ballroom and dinners in the dining room, and stored most of its arms on-site. (The group's 1844 brass cannon was kept in a shed adjacent to Citizens' Hall.) The group also hosted public events, including the annual Washington's Birthday Levee and Ball, until after World War II. On the occasion of the annual ball, Artillery members would erect a 50-foot flagpole atop Citizens' Hall, from which they would fly the company flag. The Town of Lyndeborough appropriated money to complete the interior of the building in the early 1890s, and in 1910 purchased a pressed-tin ceiling for the ballroom. In the 1920s, when South Lyndeborough received electricity, the Artillery paid to have the building wired, and purchased new electric light fixtures to replace the old gas lamps.
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Ten gas lamps only were lit, one at the top of Hollowstone, one at the top of Drury Hill, five in Bridlesmith Gate and three in front of the Exchange. Crowds flocked to witness the miracle of a flame burning without a wick but these crowds were terrified lest the pipes conveying the gas to the burners should explode and blow them up.J. Holland Walker, An itinerary of Nottingham, 1935. Increased demand led to a second holder at Butchers Close in the early 1820s and by 1835 this had increased to five. The Nottingham Gas Act 1842 extended the limits of supply to include Sneinton, Radford, Lenton and Basford. The company expanded over the next 30 years under the capable leadership of managing engineer Thomas Hawksley. There were new works built at Radford (1844) and Basford (ca.1854). On 7 November 1853 a specially convened meeting of the Town Council appointed a committee to look into taking over the supply of gas.
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Cast iron, a durable material that take on any shape, was also popular from the mid 19th Century for street furniture. Not only park and building fences, often with elaborate gates, but also street lamps, bollards, tree grates and guards, as well as the UK red post box, and in Paris it was used for the elaborate advertising columns, newspaper kiosks and pissoirs the city is known for (though almost all are now contemporary reproductions in other materials). In the 1870s philanthropist Charles Wallace funded the installation of numerous ornate drinking fountains across Paris, and over 100 Wallace Fountains are still in use. Decorative street lamps in cast iron were used all over the world, from gas lamps in the second half of the 19th Century to electric ones in the first decades of the 20th - a collection of examples used in California in the 1920s and 30s now form a display outside the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, called Urban Light.
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This spacious black-light chamber, set within the home of the White Rabbit, was characterized by a plethora of stylized furniture fixed upside-down to the relatively-low ceiling; the ceiling itself was painted to resemble a floor decorated with patterned rugs. Upon entering the scene, guests viewed their upside-down reflections in the circular mirror of a ceiling-bound dresser as Alice's voice was heard once again: "The next thing I knew, I was in the Upside-Down Room — with the floor where the ceiling should be." Passing under tables and chairs of varying designs, as well as flower vases, bookshelves, gas lamps, and even an occupied fish bowl, the White Rabbit was heard singing I'm Late before swinging into an upside-down doorway at the far end of the room with his trumpet in hand. Guests' caterpillar cars then performed a sharp turn into the opposite direction and continued toward a crackling fireplace (the same one seen in the film as Alice descends the rabbit hole), whose hanging, upside-down tea kettle produced a long, shrill squeal.
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Governor Obligado obtained passeage of the Constitution of Buenos Aires on April 12, 1854, and initiated an ambitious public works program, installing the first gas lamps and running water system in the city, and establishing what later became the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires, as well as a network of public primary schools for the largely illiterate population at the time. The 1854 constitution, drafted by Dalmacio Vélez Sársfield, asserted the sovereignty of Buenos Aires, including its right to engage in its own diplomatic relations, as well as a bicameral legislature and freedom of worship. Obligado reformed the practice of emphyteusis, after which land could be sold at a regulated rate of 16,000 silver pesos (pesos fuerte, nearly at par with the U.S. dollar) per square league (4,428 acres). He established a national mint under the auspices of the Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires, and subsidies for industry and commerce; on August 30, 1857, the recently established Buenos Aires Western Railway inaugurated its first line, designed by British engineer William Bragge.
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The goods warehouse building at St. Leonards Whishaw says > The main line, which runs from the Edinburgh station to South Eske, is level > for about half its length; and the remainder has an inclination of 1 in 234, > the whole distance being miles … The Leith branch is level for about one- > third of its length; and the remaining portions have inclinations of 1 in > 300 and 1 in 69 respectively, the whole length being 4 miles … The > Musselburgh branch [i.e. Fisherrow] is altogether on an inclination of 1 in > … In the main line we counted seven bridges over the railway, four bridges > under, six level road-crossings … the main line being double throughout … > There is one tunnel 572 yards in length, which is on the Edinburgh inclined > plane … the Tunnel is lighted by twenty-five gas lamps … The gauge is 4 feet > 6 inches … the rails are of the fish-bellied form, weighing 28 lbs to the > yard … the whole way is laid with freestone blocks … Near [South Eske] > station is a long wooden bridge, which carries the Marquess of Lothian's > railway over the river Eske.
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Construction work was led by German engineer Heinrich Gruder. Material for decoration of the façade (moulded bricks and floor tiles) was brought from Charlottenburg near Berlin. Stained glasses adorning the choir and sacristy were produced by the Imperial Institute of stained glass in the Berlin, founded by Emperor William I. The building was equipped with underfloor gas heating, a central boiler room set under the chancel, two heaters with hot air ducts, and approximately 200 gas lamps. Its organ was built by a well-known company of Wilhelm Sauer from Frankfurt (Oder). Lutheran rite liturgy was performed until 1945. Organ of St Peter and St Paul church in Bydgoszcz On September 3, 1939, during Bydgoszcz "Bloody Sunday" episode, German irregulars shot at retreating troops of the Polish Army from the temple spire. During World War II, the building was severely damaged, both in 1939 following the Bydgoszcz "Bloody Sunday" and in 1945 during the firing of the city. On February 2, 1945, the Catholic Church took over the building, its dedication being presided over by Mgr Jan Konopczyński on the day of the celebration of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple.
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Jurist Pastor Obligado was elected governor by the Legislature on June 28, 1853. He obtained passeage of the Constitution of Buenos Aires on April 12, 1854, and initiated an ambitious public works program, installing the first gas lamps and running water system in the city, and establishing what later became the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires, as well as a network of public primary schools for the largely illiterate population at the time. The 1854 constitution, drafted by Dalmacio Vélez Sársfield, asserted the sovereignty of Buenos Aires, including its right to engage in its own diplomatic relations, as well as a bicameral legislature and freedom of worship. Obligado reformed the practice of emphyteusis, whereupon land could then be sold at a regulated rate of 16,000 silver pesos (pesos fuerte, nearly at par with the U.S. dollar) per square league (4,428 acres). He established a national mint under the auspices of the Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires, and subsidies for industry and commerce; on August 30, 1857, the recently established Buenos Aires Western Railway inaugurated its first line, designed by British engineer William Bragge.
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The history of the Russian gas industry began with retired Lieutenant Pyotr Sobolevsky (1782–1841), who improved Philippe le Bon's design for a "thermolamp" and presented it to Emperor Alexander I in 1811; in January 1812, Sobolevsky was instructed to draw up a plan for gas street-lighting for St. Petersburg. The French invasion of Russia delayed implementation, but St. Petersburg's Governor General Mikhail Miloradovich, who had seen the gas lighting of Vienna, Paris and other European cities, initiated experimental work on gas lighting for the capital, using British apparatus for obtaining gas from pit coal, and by the autumn of 1819, Russia's first gas street light was lit on one of the streets on Aptekarsky Island. In February 1835, the Company for Gas Lighting St. Petersburg was founded; towards the end of that year, a factory for the production of lighting gas was constructed near the Obvodny Canal, using pit coal brought in by ship from Cardiff; and 204 gas lamps were ceremonially lit in St. Petersburg on September 27, 1839. Over the next 10 years, their numbers almost quadrupled, to reach 800.
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