Other interventions include building flood prevention structures like gabion walls, and stabilizing slopes by planting shrubs with deep roots and fast-growing trees such as poplars.
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To separate the outdoor courtyard from the parking area, the architects created a gabion wall — a fence-like steel cage filled with broken bricks and planted with vines.
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Wooden groynes, sheetpile groynes, sandbag groynes, rubble mound or gabion groynes, etc.
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Gabion stepped weirs are commonly used for river training and flood control; the stepped design enhances the rate of energy dissipation in the channel, and it is particularly well suited to the construction of gabion stepped weirs. A gabion wall is a retaining wall made of stacked stone-filled gabions tied together with wire. Gabion walls are usually battered (angled back towards the slope), or stepped back with the slope, rather than stacked vertically. The life expectancy of gabions depends on the lifespan of the wire, not on the contents of the basket.
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Gabion stepped weirs are commonly used for embankment protection, river training and flood control; the stepped design enhances the rate of energy dissipation in the channel, and it is particularly well-suited to the construction of gabion stepped weirs. For very low flow, a porous seepage flow regime may be observed, when the water seeps through the gabion materials and there is no overflow past the step edges.
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Trenches were used by besieging forces to approach a fortification while protected from missiles. Sappers would build "saps", or trenches, that zig-zagged towards the fortress being attacked. They piled the excavated dirt to make a protective wall or gabion. The combined trench depth and gabion height might be .
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Most of Saratoga Creek contains natural channel with some modifications (e.g., gabion walls) and a few sections of hardened channel.
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Sack gabions in Casalecchio di Reno Bridge abutment with gabions A Maccaferri gabion is a name given to a type of gabion produced by the Maccaferri family. In 1893, in Casalecchio di Reno near Bologna, Italy, for the first time large amounts of wire mesh Maccaferri sack gabions were used to repair dams destroyed by a flood of the river Reno. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Maccaferri family purchased a patent for a new type of box gabion, so called Palvis (Gabbioni a scatola Palvis) and started the industrial production and introduction on a vast scale of gabions and mattresses for civil engineering use. In 1911, Gaetano Maccaferri established business relationships in Spain, Greece and Austria.
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Hanover: University Press of New England, 2001. 10. Print. Besides using mortar, stones can also be put in a gabion.Stones in gabion for foundation, done in Diez Casas Para Diez Familias (10x10)'s Casa Rosenda; see Design Like You Give a Damn 2 book by Kate Stohr One disadvantage is that if using regular steel rebars, the gabion would last much less long than when using mortar (due to rusting). Using weathering steel rebars could reduce this disadvantage somewhat.
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Later Colonel Tiboel was court-martialed. He was acquitted after explaining that the fortress had not been properly prepared. There were no gabion baskets, nor other material to make gun ports, i.e. no people able to handle these.
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Lower down it forms the rough boundary between the Berryessa and Alum Rock districts of San Jose. Unlike most creeks in the Santa Clara Valley, it follows a mostly natural course and does not have concrete or gabion embankments.
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With the understanding that private homeowners could not afford the expensive repairs needed to protect their property (such as installing Gabion walls), Murphy strongly promoted a new erosion control policy wherein the city would take responsibility for preserving the drainage areas.
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" International Airlines Group. Retrieved on October 2, 2016. Postal address: International Airlines Group Waterside (HAA2), PO Box 365 Harmondsworth, UB7 0GB" The building and landscaping, which cost £200 million,"Niels Torp in the UK - New Headquarters for British Airways." Gabion Hugh Pierman.
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Groynes are generally straightline but could be of various planview shapes, permeable or impermeable, built from various materials such as wood, sand, stone rubble, or gabion, etc. In a river, groynes slow down the process of erosion and prevent ice-jamming, which in turn aids navigation.
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In Elkton, Maryland, contaminated sediment was discovered with excess amounts of volatile organic components and dense non-aqueous phase liquids, resulting is severe discharge. The cap system constructed over the contaminated waste involved a geotextile working mat, a GCL, a scrim-reinforced polypropylene liner, a geotextile cushion, and a gabion mat.
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The man-made structure is a small gabion located at the entrance of Caspers Wilderness Park, which is near the west boundary of the Cleveland National Forest. The second is a natural sandstone outcropping below a bridge. The former is beginning to lose its original use and may be washed out by one large flood.
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Planning for the trail to reach the site began soon thereafter. Arizona Public Service donated $229,000 towards the construction of the trail. In January 2016, workers from the American Conservation Experience began work on the main trail. Construction of a small parking lot at the trail head began in March, followed by the memorial gabion baskets.
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The elevation near the mouth of Chapman Creek is above sea level. The elevation of the creek's source is above sea level. The Snyder County Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan has proposed a project that would enhance streambank stability along of Chapman Creek, reducing erosion along the creek's banks. This project would involve quarry rock/riprap or gabion baskets.
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There are also areas with gabion baskets, wing walls, and concrete bridge piers. Near Elm Street in Scranton, the stream flows through a ravine with a depth of . In this ravine, the stream flows through the remains of an open channel. From Pittston Avenue downstream to its mouth, it flows through an open box culvert built in 1960 for flood control purposes.
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HESCO MIL units stacked two units high around portable toilets in Iraq. German base (Norwegian section) inside Camp Marmal near Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan. Note the internal lines of gabions to reduce and compartmentalize mortar effects. The Concertainer, known colloquially as the HESCO MIL, Hesco barrier, or Hesco bastion, is a modern gabion primarily used for flood control and military fortifications.
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Benches were installed along the routes, trees planted, interpretive panels and guide signs were installed. Green Gabion Baskets were placed along sections of the Shandwick Street trail to act as retaining walls where side slopes were steep. Drainage culverts were installed or improved along the trail where required. Two parking lots were created and decorative arches were installed to enhance the trail entrances.
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It is also issued to the pioneer corps of most regiments. In the Indian Army, it is given the name "knife gabion". A non-military use as a weapon was a "pruning bill", described as the weapon used in the Pierre Rivière parricide case of 1835. The Finnish military engineer NCOs have a billhook as the part of their personal gear instead of field shovel.
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Channelized Creek The Taylor- Massey Creek watershed exists entirely within an urban setting and has suffered severe degradation. The upper portion of the creek is encased almost entirely in concrete lined channels which increases the flow of the river and provides little habitat. Other sections are constrained by rock filled gabion baskets. The water is heavily polluted from storm water outfalls that empty directly into the creek.
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At the turn of the century, Maccaferri obtained exclusive rights to the patent for a new, box shaped gabion, designed by the Cremona engineer, Edigio Palvis. Due to its regular shape and dimensions, the box gabion proved more successful than sack gabions as used at the closure of the breach at Caselecchio di Reno at creating retaining structures and river training works Manuela Escaramaeia, “River and Channel Revetments: A Design Manual” published by Thomas Telford Publications London 1998 which were becoming increasingly important. In the early 1900s, Maccaferri began industrialising the technology, and the first branch factories were built in Grenoble and Naples. Key structures built at this time included protection to the River Tiber in Rome in 1906 and alongside the River Arno in 1908 for the National Railway Company. The company's first sales catalogue was produced in 1906 and in 1907 the company became “Officine Maccaferri & Pisa”.
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Boulders and rocks are wired into mesh cages and placed in front of areas vulnerable to erosion: sometimes at cliffs edges or at right angles to the beach. When the ocean lands on the gabion, the water drains through leaving sediment, while the structure absorbs a moderate amount of wave energy. Gabions need to be securely tied to protect the structure. Downsides include wear rates and visual intrusiveness.
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Increasing population has led to shrinking farm and grazing areas. Declining soil fertility, increased incidence of crop pests and weeds, along with cultural attitudes have made Guba Lafto as one of the food insecure woredas of the Amhara Region."AMAREW 2005 extension plan" , p. 3 (accessed 15 April 2009) To help combat this, the AMAREW project helped inhabitants of kebeles located in the Lenche Dima watershed to create micro-enterprises to manufacture gabion wire boxes.
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This type of soil strengthening, often also used without an outside wall, consists of wire mesh "boxes", which are filled with roughly cut stone or other material. The mesh cages reduce some internal movement and forces, and also reduce erosive forces. Gabion walls are free-draining retaining structures and as such are often built in locations where ground water is present. However, management and control of the ground water in and around all retaining walls is important.
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Other gabions were toppled into channels as trees grew and enlarged on top of gabion revetments, leveraging them toward the river channels. Gabions have also been used in building, as in the Dominus Winery in the Napa Valley, California, by architects Herzog & de Meuron, constructed between 1995 and 1997. The exterior is formed by modular wire mesh gabions containing locally quarried stone; this construction allows air movement through the building and creates an environment of moderate temperatures inside.
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Physical conservation structures such as stone bunds and check dams also intercept runoff. Observing that, in rivers with coarse bedload, gabion check dams were destroyed by abrasion, boulder- faced log dams were installed transversally across this torrent. They were embedded in the banks of torrent, 0.5–1 m above the bed, and their upstream sides were faced with large rocks. Such dams lead to temporary water ponding, spreading of peak flow over the entire channel width, and sediment deposition.
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The city then extended the park from George Street to King's Road and by 1961, the park assumed its present boundaries. The modern history of the Park shows fewer changes than occurred during the first one hundred years of use. During the 1960s, the Kiwanis Club built the Bandshell, the first major change to the Park since the turn of the last century. More recently, gabion baskets were installed to limit erosion of the banks along the waters edge.
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To protect against future flooding, work has begun on a new west-bank levee replacement to be finished in 2013. A few check dams exist on small upper tributaries of San Juan Creek, mostly inside the Cleveland National Forest. A larger gabion-type dam is located on the middle part of San Juan Creek near the Cañada Gobernadora. Although the dam has silted in and is no longer used for water storage, its roughly drop still poses a problem for migrating steelhead.
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Historically, Adobe Creek was perennial and hosted runs of steelhead trout entering from southwestern San Francisco Bay. "Thicket" is a watershed sculpture woven and shaped of willow and elderberry by Daniel McCormick and Mary O'Brien. This living art stabilizes a creek bank in Redwood Grove and slows flows unlike concrete or gabion retaining walls. 1862 George F. Allardt Map of the San Francisco and San Jose Railroad – note dual connections to Baylands Marsh as well as to San Francisquito Creek.
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Fulton Creek has been culverted most of its way, in order for the City of Edmonton to build neighbourhoods in the surrounding areas. Due to being culverted, the creek's discharge into the river is very minimal and tends to dry up in the summer. Spring melt can cause the creek to overflow, allowing melt water to access the river. Over time, the City of Edmonton Drainage Department has added culverts and Gabion Check dams to address erosion and high flow incidents.
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Physical conservation structures such as stone bunds and check dams also intercept runoff. Log dam in Arwadito River Observing that, in rivers with coarse bedload, gabion check dams were destroyed by abrasion, boulder-faced log dams were installed transversally across this torrent. They were embedded in the banks of torrent, 0.5–1 m above the bed, and their upstream sides were faced with large rocks. Such dams lead to temporary water ponding, spreading of peak flow over the entire channel width, and sediment deposition.
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Just as in colonial periods, comparatively obsolete fortifications are still used for low-intensity conflicts. Such fortifications range in size from small patrol bases or forward operating bases up to huge airbases such as Camp Bastion/Leatherneck in Afghanistan. Much like in the 18th and 19th century, because the enemy is not a powerful military force with the heavy weaponry required to destroy fortifications, walls of gabion, sandbag or even simple mud can provide protection against small arms and anti-tank weapons – although such fortifications are still vulnerable to mortar and artillery fire.
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In urban combat they are built by upgrading existing structures such as houses or public buildings. In field warfare they are often log, sandbag or gabion type construction. Such forts are typically only used in low level conflict, such as counterinsurgency conflicts or very low level conventional conflicts, such as the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation, which saw the use of log forts for use by forward platoons and companies. The reason for this is that static above ground forts can not survive modern direct or indirect fire weapons larger than mortars, RPGs and small arms.
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The public entrance of the Scottish Parliament building, opened in October 2004. Since September 2004, the official home of the Scottish Parliament has been a new Scottish Parliament Building, in the Holyrood area of Edinburgh. The Scottish Parliament building was designed by Spanish architect Enric Miralles in partnership with local Edinburgh Architecture firm RMJM which was led by Design Principal Tony Kettle. Some of the principal features of the complex include leaf-shaped buildings, a grass-roofed branch merging into adjacent parkland and gabion walls formed from the stones of previous buildings.
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Physical conservation structures such as stone bunds and check dams also intercept runoff. Log dam in Adawro river Log dam building in Adawro Observing that, in rivers with coarse bedload, gabion check dams were destroyed by abrasion, boulder-faced log dams were installed transversally across this torrent. They were embedded in the banks of torrent, 0.5–1 m above the bed, and their upstream sides were faced with large rocks. Such dams lead to temporary water ponding, spreading of peak flow over the entire channel width, and sediment deposition.
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This structure is 17m across, with the three doors measuring 5.5m each. There is also be a bridge spanning the channel at the structure; this bridge is 5m wide and 18m long. The wing walls of the structure are reinforced with geotextile fabric and the channel bed is protected both at the inlet and outlet sides of the structure by gabion mattresses, extending several metres outwards. Water Levels in the canal can be determined by graduated gauges (Unit being Ft GD) placed at specific locations in both the Hope Canal and the EDWC.
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Gabion Wall Gabions are baskets, usually now of zinc-protected steel (galvanized steel) that are filled with fractured stone of medium size. These will act as a single unit and are stacked with setbacks to form a revetment or retaining wall. They have the advantage of being well drained, flexible, and resistant to flood, water flow from above, frost damage, and soil flow. Their expected useful life is only as long as the wire they are composed of and if used in severe climates (such as shore-side in a salt water environment) must be made of appropriate corrosion-resistant wire.
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Received mayor improvements in 2019, where gabion walls were constructed near Puriscal downtown to stabilize the sides of the road, similar work was done at Route 317. On October 4, 2019, the central government announced plans to invest CRC ₡7,083,000,000 to pave with asphalt the 51.89km gravel road between Puriscal and Parrita, due to its importance as an alternative route from the Greater Metropolitan Area to the Pacific. For forty five years, a local committee asked for this work to be done. Works will start on April 2020, with the first 10 kilometers awarded to a private contractor.
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17th- and 18th-century German, Prussian and Swedish fascine knives were more like cavalry swords, often with a brass handle and a hand guard, but later models were more like billhooks in shape and appearance. By the 20th century, it became the Pioneer's billhook in the British Army, used in World War I for making machine gun emplacements. In the Indian Army, it is known as a Knife Gabion (gabions, like fascines, are used for supporting earthworks). Some types of fascine knife are probably descended from 16th century sidearms weapons like the baselard or the Swiss sword.
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This was based in Gesso, near Lavino. As a blacksmith, the company of Raffaele Maccaferri manufactured items such as gates, fences, columns, staircases and railings used in the churches, houses and businesses in the Bologna area. Of the two sons of Raffaele, the eldest, Angelo, guided the commercial growth of the business, whilst Luigi was the industrial specialist. He expanded the capacity and introduced technology for wire-drawing into the factory. Soon afterwards the “gabion” was re- invented using wire mesh (gabions had been in existence for millennia prior to this, but had been constructed from natural materials).
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Gabions with cannon, from a late 16th-century illustration Reinforced earth with gabions supporting a multilane roadway, Sveti Rok, Croatia Bank protection made with mattresses in Vrtižer, Slovakia A gabion (from Italian gabbione meaning "big cage"; from Italian gabbia and Latin cavea meaning "cage") is a cage, cylinder or box filled with rocks, concrete, or sometimes sand and soil for use in civil engineering, road building, military applications and landscaping. For erosion control, caged riprap is used. For dams or in foundation construction, cylindrical metal structures are used. In a military context, earth- or sand-filled gabions are used to protect sappers, infantry, and artillerymen from enemy fire.
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Cyclone Zoe in December 2002 devastated the vegetation and human settlements in Tikopia. Despite the extensive damage, no deaths were reported, as the islanders followed their traditions and sheltered in the caves in the higher ground. The narrow bank that separated the freshwater lagoon from the sea was breached by the storm, resulting in the continuing contamination of the lagoon and the threatened death of the sago palms on which the islanders depend for survival. A remarkable international effort by "friends of" the island, including many yacht crews who had had contact with Tikopia over the decades, culminated in the construction in 2006 of a gabion dam to seal the breach.
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In December 1986, a truck driver was killed when his truck skidded across some rocks that had spilled across the road just east of Crab Orchard between miles 331 and 333. In response, the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) flattened the cutslopes along this stretch of Interstate and moved the road away from the problematic cliffside. Twenty rockslides occurred along the Walden Ridge section, miles 341–346, of the eastern plateau in 1968 alone, prompting various remedial measures throughout the 1970s, including the employment of rock buttresses, gabion walls, and horizontal drains. A minor rockslide shut down the right lane of westbound I-40 at mile 343 on May 6, 2013.
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Galvanising the steel wire with zinc was a standard approach within the wire industry. In the 1950s and 1960s PVC coating was added to the wire to offer a longer design life, especially in more demanding applications. This new coating technology was useful when the Reno Mattress was invented soon afterwards; a larger flatter gabion with a smaller mesh size, used for river erosion protection works. Maccaferri's products were used to reconstruct roads and river banks following the devastating floods in Florence in 1966. In the ‘70’s, the company opened new factories in Canada (Agincourt, Ontario), USA (Williamsport, Maryland) and, Brazil (Jundiai, São Paulo). Until the early 1990s, the company only supplied solutions using products manufactured from the company’s double twist steel wire hexagonal mesh.
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Hard engineering techniques were employed in the scheme, including a gabion running to the north of Chiswell, an extended sea wall in Chesil Cove, and a culvert running from inside the beach, underneath the beach road and into Portland Harbour, to divert flood water away from low-lying areas. Portland Harbour was home to the Royal Navy. Their former barracks are in the foreground. At the start of the First World War, HMS Hood was sunk in the passage between the southern breakwaters to protect the harbour from torpedo and submarine attack. Portland Harbour was formed (1848–1905) by the construction of breakwaters, but before that the natural anchorage had hosted ships of the Royal Navy for more than 500 years.
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The Legend Cafe, East WashingtonThere are many businesses in Irvington, including eateries (The Legend Cafe, Rock Cola 50's Cafe, Wyliepalooza Ice Cream Emporium, Jockamo Upper Crust Pizza, The Mug, Black Acre Brewery, the Wine Market), Lodge Design Marketing & Advertising, drug stores (CVS), auto shops, doctor's offices, coffee houses (Coal Yard Coffee Shop, Starbucks), hair salons (Snips, tHAIRapy Salon, Evolve Salon), real estate (The Deb Kent Gallery of Homes), recording studio (Playground Productions Studio), banks, gift shops, interior design and home furnishings shop (Hampton Designs), James Dant Menswear, Black Sheep Gifts, Bonna Shops, "What's in the Attic?" Estate Liquidation and Appraisal Service], gabion and water features builder (ALSinc]) and several other small businesses. The Irvington Plaza, located in east Irvington, has several businesses such as: furniture stores, barbershop, Dairy Queen, Taco Bell, and Flea Market.
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Artillery with gabion fortification Bombards were of value mainly in sieges. A famous Turkish example used at the siege of Constantinople in 1453 weighed 19 tons, took 200 men and sixty oxen to emplace, and could fire just seven times a day. The Fall of Constantinople was perhaps "the first event of supreme importance whose result was determined by the use of artillery" when the huge bronze cannons of Mehmed II breached the city's walls, ending the Byzantine Empire, according to Sir Charles Oman.Holmes, p.70 Bombards developed in Europe were massive smoothbore weapons distinguished by their lack of a field carriage, immobility once emplaced, highly individual design, and noted unreliability (in 1460 James II, King of Scots, was killed when one exploded at the siege of Roxburgh).
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Ross was about 33 years old, and serving as a corporal in the Corps of Royal Engineers, British Army, in the Crimean War, when he undertook the actions for which he later was awarded the VC. On 21 July 1855 at Sebastopol, Crimean Peninsula, Corporal Ross went out at night in charge of a working party of 200 men each carrying an entrenching tool and a gabion, and before morning they had connected the 4th parallel right attack with an old Russian rifle-pit in front. On 23 August the corporal was in charge of the advance from the 5th parallel right attack on the Redan in placing and filling 25 gabions under a very heavy fire. Again, on 8 September he crept up to the Redan at night and returned to report its evacuation, bringing with him a wounded man. He later achieved the rank of sergeant.
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After the promulgation of Environmental Protection Act (EPA) for the first time during the basic design of section II Sindhulibazar Khurkot section, a Complete Environmental Impact Assessment was conducted. Extensive discussion on various aspects on environmental issues was discussed with the local people and their concerns are properly addressed. Furthermore, various slope stabilization techniques has been adopted, this includes use of retaining and breast walls, crib works, gabion works, geotextiles and most interesting being the bio-engineering works which includes the locally available techniques like plantation of trees, shrubs including turfing and the soil seeding method imported from Japan. Though initially this technique has been found little expensive because most of the materials used in this method being imported from Japan and for making this method economical effort has been made to use the locally available materials so that this method could be extensively used in Nepal.
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