"I was a frontal nerd — I ate, breathed, and slept frontals," she laughs.
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His frontals start at $1,000, lace front wigs go for $2000, and custom wigs go for double that.
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Beautifully woven vestments and altar frontals affirm that Armenian believers saw as much beauty in services as in the scriptoria.
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My nude painting of Michael Jackson was one that I was pleased with, and although there weren't any frontals shown, it made people uncomfortable.
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The first major museum exhibition devoted to the art of Armenia — officially its "medieval" era, but in fact spanning nearly 1,500 years — bulges with weighty stone crosses, intricate altar frontals and flamboyantly illuminated Bibles and Gospel books unlike any manuscripts you've seen from that time.
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The first major museum exhibition devoted to the art of Armenia — officially its "medieval" era, but in fact spanning nearly 1,7083 years — bulges with weighty stone crosses, intricate altar frontals and flamboyantly illuminated Bibles and Gospel books unlike any manuscripts you've seen from that time.
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The first major museum exhibition ever devoted to the art of Armenia — officially its "medieval" era, but in fact spanning nearly 219400,21212 years — bulges with weighty stone crosses, intricate altar frontals and flamboyantly illuminated Bibles and Gospel books unlike any manuscripts you've seen from that time.
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The first major museum exhibition ever devoted to the art of Armenia — officially its "medieval" era, but in fact spanning nearly 1,500 years — bulges with weighty stone crosses, intricate altar frontals and flamboyantly illuminated Bibles and Gospel books unlike any manuscripts you've seen from that time.
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In fact, in a 2015 interview with Vulture that discussed the increasing wave of onscreen full frontals, Oz producer Tom Fontana that one scripted scene where convicted drug dealer Simon (Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje) would pull out his penis and "sort of use it like a 'fuck you' thing" was nixed after the actor suggested his character wouldn't punctuate his aggression that way.
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The braincase and frontals may also have had a joint.
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Because of their disarticulation, it is likely that the frontals never fused during growth, unlike in Camarasaurus. The frontals form a portion of the skull roof, articulating with other bones such as the nasals, parietals, prefrontals and postorbitals, and they are longer antero-posteriorly than they are wide, a unique character among a eusauropodan. Like in diplodocoids (Amargasaurus, Dicraeosaurus and Diplodocus), as well as Camarasaurus, the frontals are excluded from the frontoparietal fenestra (or parietal fenestra when frontals are excluded). The frontals are also excluded from the supratemporal fenestra margin (a widespread character in sauropods more derived than Shunosaurus), and they only have a small, unornamented participation in the orbit.
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48 There are also a number of altar frontals painted on wood and other early panel paintings.
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Phocosaurus megischion is another synonym differing only in that the transition from the frontals to the snout is not abrupt.
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The frontals are triangular, and articulate with the internarial bar strongly. The prefrontals are very crushed and distorted out of their original articulation, but were positioned like Tylosaurus in life. The prefrontals exclude the frontals from participating in the orbit. Life restoration The pterygoid bone of the palate is preserved, and bears teeth like in other mosasaurs.
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The nasals of Thrinaxodon are pitted with a large number of foramina, giving the impression that this synapsid had whiskers. The nasals narrow anteriorly and expand anteriorly and articulate directly with the frontals, pre-frontals and lacrimals; however, there is no interaction with the jugals or the orbitals. The maxilla of Thrinaxodon is also heavily pitted with foramina.Estes R. 1961.
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Our altar frontals can be chosen from the existing designs below or can be designed to be in harmony with the church or building's setting.
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After reconstruction, the skull reached 55 mm long. The width of the skull was as long as the length of the skull when ignoring the quadratojugal horns as well. Some features of Leptopleuron include the size of its frontals. In contrast to other taxa, the width in the middle of the orbits are not the same as the width of its frontals in the anterior segment.
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The gape is large. The "parietals" (postparietals) are small and medially separated by the elongate "frontals" (parietals). The postrostral is large. The (rostro-)premaxilla is unpaired.
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Cranial anatomy of the cynodont Thrinaxodon liorhinus. Museum of comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 125: 165-180. On the skull roof of Thrinaxodon, the fronto-nasal suture represents an arrow shape instead of the general transverse process seen in more primitive skull morphologies. The prefrontals, which are slightly anterior and ventral to the frontals exhibit a very small size and come in contact with the post-orbitals, frontals, nasals and lacrimals.
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There was a deep groove along the midline of the nasals and the frontals; the frontals were fused into a single bone, as is seen in other adult mesoeucrocodylians. Unlike derived neosuchians, it had external antorbital fenestrae. Tykoski and colleagues subjected the skull to CT scanning, which revealed internal cavities and air passages, and showed that it had a double-walled secondary palate similar to that of true crocodylians, and similar pneumatic cavities as well.
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Paired frontals. External intracranial joint is absent. Parietal located between the orbits and main portion posterior to orbits. In P. rhombolepis, the squamosal touches the maxilla (varies among specimens though).
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Calyptommatus is a genus of Brazilian lizards in the family Gymnophthalmidae. The genus shows extreme reduction of hind limbs and absence of fore limbs. Also prefrontals, frontals, supraoculars, and frontoparietals are absent.
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The skull is low and the orbits face more dorsally than laterally with the nasals and frontals laying flat on top of the skull. In contrast to other cynodonts, the squamosal descends ventrally.
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The parietals of Allkaruen were long, being 60% of the length of the frontals; the frontals themselves were broad, flat, and extensively pneumatized. The lower jaw was about 3.5 times the length of the section of the skull that is preserved, and it is curved upwards at its tip. The dentary bore four or five tooth sockets in its front half, and in the latter half they were replaced by a groove; this combination is unique among pterosaurs. Allkaruen was a small pterosaur.
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Diagnoses provided by Maleev 1956 and Tumanova 1987, were of limited utility as they largely listed traits shared with many other ankylosaurids. Arbour also noted that the foot in fact had three toes. She established a single autapomorphy: on the frontals, at the middle skull roof, a raised V- shaped region is present. Also she determined that Talarurus differed from all known ankylosaurids with the exception of the American Nodocephalosaurus in the possession of caputegulae on the frontals and nasals, that are cone-shaped with a circular base.
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Rotational ability of the eyes could have enabled Geikia to see in a variety of directions, such as through notches in the frontals. Cruickshank indicated that these characteristics, along with the loss of tusks, could be suggestive of nocturnal behaviors.
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Like L. ferox, the premaxillaries separate the frontals. The temporal fenestra is longer than it is wide. It retains the primitive plesiosaur feature of posterior sloping of the skull. The quadrate is firmly attached, unlike the attachments seen in most polycotylids.
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The frontals are three times as long as they are wide. It possessed slightly tumid, but styliform marginal teeth. The inner teeth were large and obtuse, but there pedicles were only moderately high. The species lacked any signs of ring-vertebrae.
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However, the latter seven are much larger and more complex. These teeth increase in size towards the back of the skull and possess a pointed cusp followed by a low ridge. The nasal bones on the top of the snout are thin and separate from each other at the back of the snout to make room for the triangular front edge of the frontals. The bones of the skull roof (frontals and parietals) are not fused to their respective pairs, and the parietals form a sagittal crest between the upper temporal fenestrae on the top of the skull.
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Brown assumed that they extended from the beaks' tip to the highest spot along the crest and that, unlike those in other genera, the nasals meet in the centre and are not separated in front by an ascending premaxillary process. Brown however, mistook the praemaxillae for the nasals; the snout is actually largely formed by them and they do separate the nasals. Brown also thought that on the top and back of the crest, the whole external face is covered by the frontals. Again he made a mistake: what he assumed to be the frontals are in fact the nasals.
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As Latenivenatrix can be distinguished from Stenonychosaurus due to the structure of its frontals and metatarsal III, several isolated examples of these types of bones have also been referred to Latenivenatrix. Referred frontal specimens include CMN 12340, TMP 1979.008.0001, TMP 1980.016.1478, TMP 1986.036.
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The nasals extend slightly further back than the premaxillaries. The lacrimals articulate with both the frontals and the maxillaries, a trait that distinguishes Pennatomys from its closest relatives (which have lacrimals articulating mainly with the frontals). The interorbital region of the skull bears weak crests at its sides. The zygomatic plate, a bony plate at the side of the skull, is broad and its back margin is located in front of the first upper molar (M1). The incisive foramina, openings in the bony palate, extend back to a point next to the front root of M1. The palate itself is long and flat, extending beyond the third upper molars (M3).
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L. macrocheirus was described by Sir Philip Egerton in 1845. It could grow up to long. The trunk of the specimens are very robust, and the head measures one fifth of the total length. Like in L. elvensis, the parietals measure less than half of the frontals.
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Tapinocephalus atherstonei shoulder girdle and front limb, specimen 5611. Tapinocephalus atherstonei is known from a number of skulls and postcranial bones. The skull is large with a heavily pachyostotic skull roof, a massive bony frontals and a short weak Moschops-like snout. Taurops is a synonym.
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The building consists of a five-bay nave, three- bay chancel, two aisles and a five-stage west tower. The interior includes medieval altar frontals (c.1500), cope (c.1400) and 17th-century monuments includes a monument to silk merchant Sir Baptist Hicks and his family.
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It is usually thought that it was intended for printing cloth altar frontals or hangings. It is rare for such a block to be carved with images on both sides, and was likely not intended to be printed using a press, as that would have defaced one side.
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Albertosaurines are characterized by more slender builds, lower skulls, and proportionately longer tibiae than tyrannosaurines. In tyrannosaurines, the sagittal crest on the parietals continues forward onto the frontals. In 2014, Lü Junchang et al. described the Alioramini as a tribe within the Tyrannosauridae containing the genera Alioramus and Qianzhousaurus.
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Furthermore, although overlapping materials between the genera are limited to their partial skulls, according to Godefroit et al. (2012) Kundurosaurus can be differentiated from Kerberosaurus on the basis of the rostrocaudally longer and more robust dorsal maxillary process, more robust and more curved downwards nasal, much more robust and proportionally higher quadrate and the strong ridge extends obliquely along the lateral side of the exoccipital condyloid in Kundurosaurus. Additionally, the frontals of Kerberosaurus are particularly narrow and do not participate in the orbital margin, the rostral margin of the parietal is depressed around the contact area with the frontals, and Kerberosaurus has hook-like palatine process. Scapula Jugals Right nasals On the other hand, Xing et al.
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Life restoration Llistrofus is readily identified by the presence of a large temporal emargination, a feature shared with Hapsidopareion lepton that unites the Hapsidopareiidae. Carroll & Gaskill (1978) differentiated Llistrofus from Hapsidopareion by four features: (1) postorbital contacting the tabular; (2) postparietal contacting the squamosal; (3) frontals entering the orbit; and (4) presence of a quadratojugal. Bolt & Rieppel (2009) revised the diagnosis following additional preparation of the holotype's skull and list three features (only one of which is shared with the previous work): (1) skull length approximately twice that of Hapsidopareion; (2) frontals entering the orbit; and (3) cultriform process of the parasphenoid offset from the basal plate by a narrow base. Gee et al.
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The nares are small, only long, and almost square or trapezoid. The nasal bones are elongated and thin, but still shorter than the frontals. They are separated anteriorly by the posterior process of the premaxillae, but meet in a suture posteriorly. There are many small pits present on their surfaces.
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Allosaurus fragilis: A Revised Osteology. Utah Geological Survey Bulletin 109 (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City: Utah Geological Survey. The skull also exhibits features consistent with significant cranial kinesis: a synovial joint between the braincase and the frontals and a loose articulation between the dentary and the angular/surangular.Paul, Gregory S. (1988).
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The organism is either white or rose-coloured. The collar extends from ventral files, that extends a short distance along the right side of the body. The body is also elongated and has a tail-like portion, that has 3 frontals and 2-4 rows of ventral cirri. It has no transverse cirri.
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The altar frontal above the pulpit dates from the early 14th century. It is an oil painting measuring . About 30 such medieval frontals exist in Norway, this is the only one not in a museum. The altar frontal is made from pine boards, and the cracks between boards are covered with parchment.
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The frontal bones, which occupy the part of the skull roof between the eyes, are rectangular and form most of the upper edge of the orbits. The parietals, which are situated behind the frontals and between the upper temporal fenestrae, are smaller than the frontals and have lateral (outward) extensions which project downwards to form the rear edge of the upper temporal fenestrae. The front part of the parietals taper inwards above the orbits, and in some specimens (such as ZAR 07), a small pineal foramen can be seen, completely enclosed by that part of the parietals. The pineal foramen is a hole in the middle of the skull which in some modern reptiles houses a sensory organ sometimes referred to as a "third eye".
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The snout on its midline bears a large crest, the front of which is formed by the praemaxillan. It continues to behind over the nasals and lacrimals; its rear touches the frontals. The top of the crest runs parallel to the upper jaw edge. The ascending branches of the praemaxillae each have a forked rear.
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The organism is green coloured, and has a leaf-like shape. Just like Uroleptus musculus, it is U-shaped and has an elongated body with 3 frontals, and 2-4 rows of ventral cirri. It has no transverse cirri, and its "collar" can extend a short distance along the right side of the body.
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Laurentius Petri further revised the Swedish Mass 1557. In large part, the Swedish liturgy retained “vestments, altars and frontals, gold and silver chalices and patens” and many other “popish” customs.Senn, Christian Worship, p. 415. Following Laurentius’ death in 1573, King John III embarked on a separate, though similar, religious policy more conciliatory towards Catholicism.
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In terrestrial tetrapod Phonerpeton, there is compression between the frontals and parietals and a complex loading between the post parietals. There is no evidence of tensile strain in any sutures. Acanthostega fossil records demonstrate that no strain pattern was exhibited that relate to prey capture by means of suction. The load compression is similar to extant tetrapods.
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Nomenclature of scales (top view of head) Parietal scale refers to the scales of a snake which are on the head of the snake and are connected to the frontals towards the posterior. These scales are analogous to and take their name from the parietal bone which forms the roof and sides of the cranium in humans.
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Two nearly complete specimens of Oreochima ellioti (specimens AMNH 9910 and AMNH 9916) have an average total length of about 60 mm, with incomplete specimens represent individuals of similar size. The frontals taper anteriorly and were slightly notched where they were in contact with the nasals. The opercular bone was about twice as high as the subopercular.
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Sophineta is known from holotype ZPAL RV/175, a nearly complete right maxilla. Many specimens are referred to the species and represent frontals, parietals, prefrontal, postfrontals, postorbitals, jugals, squamosals, pterygoids, quadrates, maxillae, premaxilla, dentaries, vertebrae and ilia. Skull fragments and vertebral column were associated. All specimens are housed in the Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw.
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The lacrimal is extremely concave at the whole orbital region, creating an immense depression heading toward the snout interior. This depression is known to enter the posterior of the orbitonasal canal after analysis. The parietal occupies the space for the postfrontal as this feature is absent in Leptopleuron. The pineal foramen is large and between the parietals and frontals.
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Reconstructed frontal complex It has been estimated that Dynamoterror would have been about long. The holotype specimen, UMNH VP 28348, is an incomplete but associated skeleton consisting of cranial and postcranial elements including the left and right frontals, four vertebral centra, fragments of ribs, the right second metacarpal, the ilium, and two phalanx bones of the fourth toe of the left foot.
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It was formerly assigned to Myotis nigricans until a 2017 study revealed that it was a distinct, previously unknown species. It is the sister species to a clade containing M. cf. handleyi, M. nesopolus, and 3 possibly undescribed species from South and Central America. It can be distinguished from all other Caribbean Myotis by its small skull and steeply sloping frontals.
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He was also an authority on liturgical art and designed and painted the iconostasis, or altar screens, of the Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of St. Sava in Manhattan. He also created the official emblem of the worldwide Anglican Communion, designed the coat of arms for the Diocese of Albany, as well as Episcopal rings, stained glass windows, altar frontals, processional crosses and religious vestments.
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The prefrontal forms a thick eyebrow ridge, possibly as protection from predators. The jugal is complex, with four branches, and forms the anterior and ventral margins of the lower temporal fenestra. The dorsal branch forms a strong pillar behind the orbit, which has a more pronounced crest than other rhynchosaurs. The frontals are very long, and form a dish shape posteriorly.
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However, Hanssuesia is distinguished from other pachycephalosaurs by having a depressed parietal region, a frontoparietal dome that is wide in front as well as in the rear, a broad nasal boss on the frontals, reduced but swollen prefrontal lobes, and a reduced parietosquamosal shelf at the dome rear. A 2020 CSVP abstract found Gravitholus and Hanssuesia to be synonymous with Stegoceras.
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Outside of the Rhineland, softwood (such as pinewood) was mainly used. Of a group of twenty Norwegian altar frontals from the Gothic period (1250–1350) fourteen were made of fir, two of oak, and four of pine (Kaland 1982). Large altars made in Denmark during the fifteenth century used oak for the figures as well as for the painted wings. Lime was popular with Albrecht Altdorfer (ca.
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Its suture with the lacrimal bone is straight. The frontals are roughly triangular and have the 'internasal' foramen between them (not between the nasals). They have long posterior processes which suture with the forked processes of the parietals in a star shape, hence the specific name stellans. The postfrontal contacts the nasal over a short distance, and as in Ophthalmosaurus, has no Y-shaped anterior process.
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The crest protrudes past the edge of the skull backwards. Thin processes from the frontals and prefrontals extend along the underside of the crest, probably to strengthen it. At the end of the crest is a swelling of the nasal, which is often termed differently. The holotype of S. angustirostris is a skull and postcrania, so the cranium of the species is well-described.
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Diagnostic characters included narrow frontals, unique form of the braincase, and a well- demarcated division between the area of bone surrounding the nostrils and the bone outside of it. No reconstruction of the fragmentary partial skull was offered. In their cladistic analysis, the authors found Kerberosaurus to be the sister taxon to Saurolophus and Prosaurolophus. It's been estimated to be around 8 meters (26 ft) in length.
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Scales on a snake's head Frontal scale refers to the scales of a reptile which lie in the general region of the forehead of a snake, more specifically between the eyes and to the anterior of this area. These are analogous to the frontal bone on a human which corresponds to the forehead. Snake scales attached to the frontals and to its anterior are called prefrontals.
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At the front, the nasal formed the boundary at the lower back of the narial opening. The nasal sloped downwards at the front, whereas it flattened hindwards. The frontal bones were long, and were not fused. Each frontal was triangular when viewed from above, and as in other troodontids, the frontals were widest at the point where they contacted the (bone behind the eye socket).
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Many of the posterior and lateral teeth are unworn from use, unlike the more anterior teeth which have been worn smooth. The nasal bones are large, but no wider than the frontals. They form a pointed posterior tip with a strong zigzag suture. The lacrimal ducts are clearly visible next to the orbit, while the lacrimal bones form much of the interior surface of the orbit.
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Many skull bones are also crushed and distorted, and some such as the maxillae ("mx"), nasal bones ("ns"), and sclerotic rings ("scl") are displaced. Part of the underside of the skull roof (perhaps the frontals, "?fr") can be seen among the bones of the lower jaws, palate (palatine bone, "pl" + pterygoid, "pt"), and braincase (parasphenoid, "ps" + basipterygoids, "bpt"). Twenty-one small teeth are preserved splaying out from the jaws.
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Since the specimens had some distortions, major issues were fix at the site before it was X-rayed. In 1931, a new primitive form of crocodilian was found in the Dinosaur Canyon Beds of northern Arizona, United States. The beds are at the top of the Upper Triassic Formation and below the Lower Jurassic sediments. The crocodilian found is about 1 meter long, with flattened head and large frontals.
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While the tip of the beak is not known in this specimen, the level of curvature suggests it would have been extremely long. The unique form of the beak in this specimen led Alexander Kellner to assign it to a distinct genus, Dawndraco, in 2010. The most distinctive characteristic of Pteranodon is its cranial crest. These crests consisted of skull bones (frontals) projecting upward and backward from the skull.
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Life restoration Zuul has been estimated to have been long, with a weight of . The describing authors of Zuul, Victoria Arbour and David Evans, noted some distinguishing traits of Zuul. Some of these were autapomorphies, unique characters which set Zuul apart from all other known ankylosaurids. The caputegulae, armour tiles of the head, that lay on the nasal bones, the frontals and the parietals, are imbricated, overlapping, and pointed on top.
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The generic name combines a reference to the Amtgai site with a Greek κεφαλή, kephale, "head". The specific name refers to the provenance from the Gobi. The frontoparietal dome, formed by a fusion of the frontals in front and the parietals in the back, has a length of and a maximal thickness of . The contribution to the dome length of the parietal part is exceptionally large, with a portion of 41%.
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David Norman in 2019 examined the morphology of Scelidosaurus, comparing it with Emausaurus. In Emausaurus the maxilla has, overall, a similar morphology to that seen in Scelidosaurus. The disarticulated maxilla of Emausaurus exhibits an anteromedially directed robust process with which it met its counterpart in the midline, creating a wedge-like structure, with no obvious offset between the alveolar margins. In Emausaurus the structure of the frontals is not well preserved.
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The side of the praemaxilla features a deep groove running from an opening in the ascending branch towards an opening below the nostril. Within the depression around the upper rear side of the nostril two pneumatic openings are present, of unequal size. The rear branch of the lacrimal, above the eye socket, has a distinctive hatchet-shaped process pointing upwards. The combined frontals are rectangular and elongated with a length:width ratio of 1.67.
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Palatal view of a Sthenurus sp. skull. S. stirlingi had a large, dolichocephalic skull with a more elevated braincase position and an inflamed nasal frontal region in comparison to the contemporaneous skull of S. tindelai. S. andersoni skull fossils show a dome-like forehead that is unique to it among other otherdolichocephalic sthenurines. This is attributed to the continuous high vaulting of the frontals above the orbits and the line of the rostrum.
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Gaffney et al. united Kayentachelys with cryptodiran taxa based upon featured of the palate and braincase. Sterli and Joyce (2007) emended the diagnosis of Kayentachelys using a unique combination of ancestral and derived cranial character states, including prefrontals which do not contact one another at the midline, the absence of lacrimals, frontals which contribute to the orbit, an unpaired vomer, pterygoid teeth, the absence of palatal teeth, and a retroarticular process, among many other features.
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Nanosmilus is more primitive than Eusmilus in regards to its anatomy. Its skull is narrower than both Hoplophoneus and Eusmilus and its sagittal crest, which is smaller, separates into a "V" shape above the glenoid facet, which is different to the sagittal crest's divergence points in Eusmilus and Hoplophoneus respectively. It also differs from these genera in having narrower frontals, among other features. Its orbits are large, indicating that it had good eyesight.
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The prefrontal bone had a pronounced finger-like process which stretched forwards above the lacrimal bone, although it did not stretch as far as the front edge of the frontals which were adjacent to it. A palpebral bone was situated above the orbit, though it was small and fused to the frontal and postfrontal. The postorbital bone had two distinguishing features: a large rounded knob on its upper portion and an elongated lower branch.
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It consists of a partial and disarticulated skeleton with skull. It contains both frontal bones, a left jugal, the lower jaws, loose teeth, vertebrae of the neck, back and tail, the shoulder girdle, both humeri, a first wing phalanx, the pelvis, a shinbone and a calf bone. The fused frontals had in 2003 been incorrectly identified as a breast bone by Wellnhofer. The bones have been partly preserved as impressions only and many are fragmented.
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They are formed by a combination of the praemaxillae, nasals, prefrontals and frontals, as in Saurolophus, but instead of projecting backwards as a spine, they rise up to make the highest point above the orbit. The two halves of the crest are separated by a median suture. In front of the orbit, the crest is made of thick bone. Skull of the type specimen The nasals make up most of the crest.
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The orbit is large, at in diameter, but has no scleral ossicles present. The prefrontals form the anterior border of the orbit, and are raised in a large ridge just in front of it. The frontals are fully fused into one large bone, and this forms the small ridge between the orbits, which were on the top of the head. Its most noticeable feature is the two processes extending backwards into the parietal almost up to the pineal foramen.
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Tetanurans have two basic skull morphologies. The first skull type, typical in large theropods such as Allosaurus, is common within ceratosaurs and may be primitive for tetanurans. In this type, the skull is about three times longer than tall, with a blunter snout and frequent elaborations such as horns or spikes along the lacrimals, nasals, and frontals. In the second skull type, the skull is lower and longer, with a less elaborated skull roof and a more elongated snout.
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Dromaeosaurid fossil displayed in Hong Kong Science Museum. Dromaeosaurids are diagnosed by the following features; short T-shaped frontals that form the rostral boundary of the supratemporal fenestra; a caudolateral overhanging shelf of the squamosal; a lateral process of the quadrate that contacts the quadratojugal; raised, stalked, parapophyses on the dorsal vertebrae, a modified pedal digit II; chevrons and prezygapophysis of the caudal vertebrae elongate and spanning several vertebrae; the presence of a subglenoid fossa on the coracoid.
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The upright cranial crest of Geosternbergia is its distinctive characteristic. These crests consisted of skull bones (frontals) projecting upward and backward from the skull. The size and shape of these crests varied due to a number of factors, including age, gender, and species. Male G. sternbergi, the older species of the two described to date, had a larger vertical crest with a broad forward projection, while G. maiseyi had a short, rounded vertical crest and was generally smaller.
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The specific name of the type species, N. magnus, alludes to its extremely large size in comparison to other xenosaurids known at the time. In 1982, paleontologist Jacques Gauthier reinterpreted Nordenosaurus as a small crocodilian rather than a giant xenosaurid. The frontal bone is hour-glass shaped and covered in deep pits, unlike those of any lizard but similar to the frontals of most crocodilians. Nordenosaurus was thought to have had an arboreal lifestyle before its reclassification.
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Gregory S. Paul estimated its length at 7 meters (23 ft), its weight at 1.5 tonnes (1.65 short tons) in 2010. In 2016 Molina-Pérez and Larramendi gave a higher estimation of 8.2 meters (27 ft) and 2.6 tonnes (2.86 short tons). The cranial elements are very robust, and the frontals in particular are strongly thickened. The teeth of the maxilla are gradually recurving and rather flat; those of the premaxilla do not have a D-shaped cross-section.
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The maxillary teeth of Rugarhynchos had negligible curvature and were similar to the premaxillary teeth. The nasal is roughly textured, hosting a prominent ridge along the midline of the skull along with several other low ridges. The rear of the nasals are incised by the triangular front edge of the frontals, creating a wedge-shaped suture also seen in Proterochampsa. The prefrontal and lacrimal form the front edge of the orbit (eye socket) and connect to the maxilla.
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The nasals end at the back of the squamosals in a hooked, short process. The prefrontals also make up part of the crest; however, Brown mistook the lower upper branch of the praemaxilla for the prefrontal. The actual prefrontal, triangular in shape, is located at the side of the crest base; it was by Brown seen as a part of the frontal. The real frontals, largely internal to the crest base structure, are not visible from the side.
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The plate and vestments are rich hut late. A pax of Italian enamel is worth attention; and in the sacrarium, capilla mayor, is suspended a lamp of Genoese work—the offering of Bishop Ximenes, (1005-1690). Both the altar and credence have frontals of beaten silver; on the latter, which is at the south side of the altar, are three large salvers arranged, heraldically speaking. The gigantic paschal candle stands on the north side of the altar is about .
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When originally described, only three other trematopid taxa were recognized: Acheloma, Actiobates, and "Trematops" (now a synonym of Acheloma); Ecolsonia, which is now considered a trematopid by most workers, had recently been re- described as a dissorophid on the basis of new material. Berman et al. suggested two autapomorphies: (1) an internal naris that is half as wide as it is long; and (2) a dense covering of non-overlapping scales or osteoderms in the dorsal trunk region. They further differentiated Anconastes from Acheloma and "Trematops" by several features: (1) large orbit with a width equal to 1/3 the midline length of the skull; (2) a short suborbital bar with a maxilla entering the orbital margin; (3) pointed snout without prominent dorsomedial expansion of the postparietals; (4) nasals, frontals, and parietals of subequal length; (5) parietals approximately three times the length of the postparietals; (6) frontals not extending beyond the anterior margin of the orbit; (7) large interpterygoid vacuities; (8) an open basicranial joint; and (9) absence of an internarial opening or bone.
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Abelisaurids typically had four fingers, short arms, and, to compensate, a heavily-constructed head which was the primary tool for hunting; however, the skull was short, they probably had modest jaw musculature, and the teeth were short. Abelisaurids probably had a bite force similar to Allosaurus at around . Life restoration On the braincase, only the left sides of the parietal and frontal bones are preserved. The braincase is thick, with the frontals achieving a maximum thickness of above the eye socket.
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Further above, the lacrimal is joined by the long and slender descending branch of the three-pronged postorbital, which is convex in its upper third. From above, the forward-directed branch of the postorbital is offset from the backward-directed branch, being separated by a small recess. The frontals appeared to have been long and large, forming most of the top of the skull. The antorbital fenestra of Shuangbaisaurus is large, occupying roughly one third the length of the skull.
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He couldn't find job in Estonia so he decided to go to St. Petersburg where worked for an architect named B. von Hueck. In the World War I he worked as a commander for war remediation and in 1916-1918 he worked in Emperor Peter's maritime security building board in Tallinn, Pagari street. In 1 December 1918 he attended the World War as a volunteer. He attended the battles against Red army in Narva and Pihkva frontals, in Southern-Estonia and in Latvia.
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Andrei Zinoviev assumed it caught fish on the wing. The skull was relatively immobile, incapable of the kinesis of modern birds that can raise the snout relative to the back of the skull. This immobility was caused by the presence of a triradiate postorbital separating the eye socket from the lower temporal opening, as with more basal theropod dinosaurs, and the premaxillae of the snout reaching all the way to the frontals, forcing the nasals to the sides of the snout.
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On this note, Williston adds that the external naris are elongated along the skull margins, resulting to an oval shaped outline and oriented laterally and anteriorly. The orbits of Dissorophus are relatively large, circular, and oriented dorsally than laterally. As DeMar describes, the orbits are large enough to intersect with the frontals, palatines, post orbitals, lacrimals, and jugals. DeMar also makes points out a crucial feature that suggest why Dissorophus and Broileillus are closely related to one another than any other species.
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The type specimen or holotype of Latenivenatrix, CMN 12340, was originally described in 1969 by Dale Alan Russell and referred by him to the genus Stenonychosaurus. In 1987 it was referred to Troodon. It had been collected in 1968 by Irene Vanderloh in the Dinosaur Park Formation strata from Alberta, southern Canada. The specimen has preserved some skull bones (frontals, parietals, postorbital, basioccipital and basisphenoid), four vertebra and four ribs, some chevrons and gastralia, fairly complete forelimb and incomplete hindlimbs.
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The front part is short.Voss and Myers, 1991, p. 422 The nasal bones end bluntly close to the hindmost extent of the premaxillary bones.Weksler, 2006, pp. 27–28, table 5 The narrow interorbital region, located between the eyes, converges towards the front and is flanked by low beads.Weksler, 2006, pp. 28–30, table 5 The interparietal bone, located in the roof of the skull on the braincase, is nearly as wide as the frontals, but does not reach the squamosals.
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Pantulf regained his lands after he cleared himself of the charge,Keats-Rohan Domesday People pp. 493–494 through the mechanism of a trial by ordeal. It is not clear why the ordeal was required, with the historian David Bates speculating that either the evidence of Pantulf's involvement was not conclusive or that murder victim's family demanded the ordeal because they suspected any evidence pointing to Pantulf's innocence. Pantulf gave Saint-Evroul four altar frontals for the abbey's help after he was cleared of the charges.
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Between the frontals and the parietals the skull roof over a limited distance has not closed yet, resulting in a conspicuous diamond-shaped opening, a fontanelle that was first mistaken for damage inflicted on the fossil during the first preparation. On its inner side the supratemporal fenestra has no depression, being bounded by a high edge of the parietal. The jugal has no front vertical branch towards the lacrimal. The quadrate bone has on its front edge a large wing-like expansion, touching the pterygoid.
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These teeth are sharp, curved, and flattened from the side, indicating that Kadimakara was a carnivorous reptile. The teeth are set in deep sockets and fused to the bone in several areas. The rear edge of the maxilla clearly connects to a smaller bone known as a lacrimal, which forms the front edge of the orbit. The upper side of the snout was formed by a pair of large bones known as nasals which presumably contacted the frontals in an area which has not been preserved.
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In contrast, in Hupehsuchus and Nanchangasaurus, the lateral posterior parts of the frontals (i.e., the regions closest to the jaw joint) are tapered and extend towards the back of the skull. Based on orbit size, Eohupehsuchus was determined to have a smaller relative eye size than Nanchangosaurus, although sclerotic rings have not been found for either animal. Paleontologists have not reached a consensus on the function of the hupehsuchian "beak," although one paper argues it was used in lunge feeding, as in modern pelicans.
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This boss stops just above the edge of the nostrils, separated from the frontals by a notch, although the prefrontal bones also sport their own smaller, weakly developed boss. The rough texture of the snout implies it was covered with a layer of horny keratin, like the beak. The maxilla is robust, more so in one specimen than the other, in which the caniniform process housing the tusk is also more strongly developed. The caniniform process is vertical, and so the prominent tusks point directly downwards.
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Texacephale was, like other pachycephalosaurids, a small, bipedal herbivore. The thickened dome, formed by the fused frontals and parietals, with contributions from other bones of the skull, would have meant that the brain was covered by several inches of solid bone. The dome is likely to have been used in head-butting contests over mates and/or territory, similar to modern head-butting species such as bighorn sheep, cape buffalo, and musk oxen. Damage to the skull bone may have been sustained during combat.
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Six of the seven species are restricted to the Western Interior of North America, suggesting that the evolutionary history of the genus was centered there, although the presence of a sole species in France, A. inexpectatum, suggests a Tertiary dispersal of an unknown species from North America into Europe. Albanerpeton jaws and frontals are the most commonly recovered Albanerpeton bones found at dig sites, but these bones exhibit many characteristics that are taxonomically and phylogenetically informative for the genus and individual species within it.
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The skull had a broad snout, large orbits (eye sockets), and two temporal fenestrae (holes at the back of the skull) like other diapsid reptiles. Bones which lie at the top edge of the head, such as the nasal and frontal bones, were rectangular. The parietal bones are incomplete, but preserved portions contact the frontals along a straight edge without a parietal foramen (a hole in the skull, present in many reptiles, which houses the pineal gland). The jugal (cheek bone) was unusually shaped.
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Skull of Tiktaalik, an extinct genus transitional between lobe-finned fish and early tetrapods The skulls of the earliest tetrapods closely resembled those of their ancestors amongst the lobe-finned fishes. The skull roof is formed of a series of plate-like bones, including the maxilla, frontals, parietals, and lacrimals, among others. It is overlaying the endocranium, corresponding to the cartilaginous skull in sharks and rays. The various separate bones that compose the temporal bone of humans are also part of the skull roof series.
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The characteristic skull of pachycephalosaurs is a result of the fusion and thickening of the frontals and parietals, accompanied by the closing of the supratemporal fenestra. In some species this takes the form of a raised dome; in others, the skull is flat or wedge-shaped. While the flat-headed pachycephalosaurs are traditionally regarded as distinct species or even families, they may represent juveniles of dome-headed adults.[2][3] All display highly ornamented jugals, squamosals, and postorbitals in the form of blunt horns and nodes.
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The church contains several ornaments by Charles Eamer Kempe; the Lady Chapel was originally decorated entirely according to Kempe's designs. When it was later redecorated, the altar was moved to the head of the north aisle to become the St. John's Altar. The polychromed figures were moved throughout the church, while the original stained glass remains in place. The church also has several Kempe frontals, representing a significant proportion of the surviving embroideries from that firm, some of which are still in occasional use.
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Sacrum of holotype BYU 9047 Soft tissue from the mouth region of SMA 0002 made researchers propose in 2016 that the tooth crowns were covered by gingival tissue, and perhaps a keratinous beak. The diagnostic characters for Cathetosaurus are: the pelvis is rotated anteriorly, such that the pubis projects posteroventrally, and the ischium projects posteriorly (1), lateroventrally projecting spurs in the neural spines of the last dorsals (2); posterior cervical and anterior dorsal diapophyses bearing an anterior projection lateral to the prezygapophyses (3); frontals with anterior midline projection into the nasals (4); trapezoidal supraoccipital (more expanded dorsally than ventrally) (5); lateral spur on the dorsal part of the lacrimal (6); fenestrated pterygoid (7); and the large pineal foramen between the frontals (8). Because of this, the proportions of the genus are extremely unusual: it has a very large skull relative to the axial skeleton, the limbs are short relative to the axial skeleton, the ribcage is extremely deep, so that the bottom of the ribcage is below the knee level. These features, and the rotation of the pelvis provided larger belly volume to the species.
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The maxillary teeth are very unusual, as they more closely resemble molars or premolars from a mammal than normal crocodyliform teeth, as they are large and broad, more suited to grinding than slicing. The nasal bones just touch the borders of the nares anteriorly, and just touch the frontal bones posteriorly in a V-shaped suture, as they are very slender and elongated. Very little of the prefrontals, and none of the frontals, is preserved at all. The lacrimals are almost perfectly vertical, and much taller than they are long.
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The 22+ maxillary teeth are characteristic as well, being conical, closely spaced, and bearing longitudinal striations at their tips. The teeth are slightly heterodont, with those at the front of the maxilla having more recurved tips than those at the back of the maxilla, or the four at the premaxilla. The left and right frontal and parietal bones at the top of the skull are more robust, flatter, and unfused to their counterparts in contrast to those of Marmoretta. There may have been a small gap where the frontals and parietals meet.
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The specimen consists of an incomplete but partly articulated skull and a number of cervical vertebrae exposed in ventral view on a small slab of pink-grey limestone. The skull includes a fragmentary right maxilla (with teeth), the co-ossified frontals and parietals, right jugal, postorbitofrontals, supratemporals, squamosals, quadrates, the right dentary and fragmentary postdentary bones; the occipital region of the skull is hidden beneath a calcareous deposit. Some elements, such as the jugals, are preserved only as impressions. The skull is small, measuring only 60-70 millimeters in length.
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On the frontals near the midline is a path for the olfactory tract which is a part of smelling. The rims of the supratemporal fossae, depressions on either side of the top of the skull, form a low sagittal crest along the middle of the top of the skull. The front rims of the fossae are unusually steep. Abelisaurids, typically, had elongated fenestrae (holes in the skull) below the quadrate bone near the bottom of the skull, but Rajasaurus had elongated supratemporal fenestrae near the top of the skull.
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In both species, the frontal bones were fused and narrower between the eye sockets than they were at the front. The downward projections on the frontals known as subolfactory processes were well-developed in both species, but met at the midline only in E. schroederi. The suture between the frontal and parietal bones was convex in E. schroederi and concave in E. gouldi, unlike Ardeosaurus where it was straight. E. gouldi and most other lizards have fused parietal bones, but they were paired and unfused in E. schroederi.
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Barbaturex is an extinct genus of giant herbivorous iguanian lizards from the Eocene of Myanmar. It is represented by a single species, Barbaturex morrisoni, which is known from several partial dentaries (lower jaw bones) and a fused pair of frontals, two bones that form part of the top of the skull. Based on the size of these bones, Barbaturex morrisoni is estimated to have been about from snout to vent, and possibly up to including the tail. Barbaturex morrisoni was named after The Doors frontman Jim Morrison, a play on his epithet "The Lizard King".
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The frontal bones are fused into one large bone, as are the parietals. The frontal-parietal suture is strong and highly interdigitating; although the frontals bear a medial crest, the parietal skull table is flat save for the deep pits across it. In the juvenile specimen, the interorbital width is less than the width across the skull table (between the two supratemporal fenestrae), but in the adult interorbital width is almost twice skull table width. The supratemporal fenestrae have distinctive corners in them, formed by projections of the frontal bone.
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After the cast is set, colored plastics or the colored ends of safety matches are attached at twenty- one specific "landmark" areas that correspond to the reference data. These sites represent the average facial tissue thickness for persons of the same sex, race, and age as that of the remains. From this point on, all features are added using modeling clay. First, the facial muscles are layered onto the cast in the following order: temporalis, masseter, buccinator and occipito- frontals, and finally the soft tissues of the neck.
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Still in production, they have in recent years been used extensively in restoration work by the National Trust, in the Houses of Parliament, in colleges at Oxford and Cambridge, and by architects and decorators involved in the conservation of historic buildings. So excellent are the designs in themselves that they have continued to be used privately in houses old and new. From the firm's foundation church embroidery has been in the forefront of their work. Numberless altar frontals, banners, hangings and vestments are found in cathedrals, churches, and chapels throughout the world.
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Albanerpeton are distinct from frogs, salamanders, and caecilians, forming their own family of Lissamphibia, Albanerpetontidae. Membership of species in the family is determined by diagnostic character states of the frontals and premaxillary synapomorphies, both of which can be used to further diagnose less inclusive clades in the genus. These less inclusive clades are the gracile-snouted clade and robust-snouted clade, made up of three and four species respectively though only three of the robust- snouted clade have been fully described. The gracile-snouted clade is defined by a triangular to slit-shaped suprapalatal pit.
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NHMUK 49202 possesses plesiomorphic characters, including premaxillae that do not separate the frontals on the midline, narrow cranioquadrate passages and the lack of a constricting groove around the occipital condyle. It also shows several autapomorphies not observed in other plesiosaurians. Its posteromedial processes of the premaxillae (or possible anterior portion of the frontal) forming a dorsoventrally thick, mediolaterally expanded platform and its cultriform process of the parasphenoid is wider mediolaterally than the combined posterior interpterygoid vacuities. It also has two closely spaced foramina in the lateral surface of the exoccipital.
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B. albertoi Size of B. salgadoensis (1) and other Brazilian Cretaceous Crocodylomorphs Baurusuchus is the type genus of the family Baurusuchidae, a family consisting of crocodilians with elongated and laterally compressed skulls. Other members of that family from the Cretaceous of South America include Stratiotosuchus and Cynodontosuchus, but baurusuchids are also known from the Cretaceous of Asia (Pakistan) and the Tertiary of Europe. A study in 2011 erected a new subfamily called Baurusuchinae. Seven diagnostic features for the group were described which include the moderate size and the broad frontals.
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The Certosa possesses an important collection of stained glass windows, executed to cartoons by masters active in Lombardy in the 15th century, including Zanetto Bugatto, Vincenzo Foppa, Bergognone and Hans Witz. There are many notable decorative sculptural works which include the carved wooden choir stalls, the marble altar frontals and the bronze candelabra by Annibale Fontana. Also notable is the high altar from the late 16th century. The crypt sacristy contains, among other treasures, a triptych in ivory and hippopotamus' ivory by Baldassarre degli Embriachi, donated by Gian Galeazzo Visconti.
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Deepak Singh and his family have a stronghold in the area. While Singh has been elected as head of Block Pramukh twice in the past, He was elected as Block Pramukh from Shahgarh Block, Amethi, Uttar Pradesh in 1995–2005. In order to strength the party at the cadre level he was appointed as the secretary of the party in the year 2002. Deepak Singh was the incharge of Uttar Pradesh Youth Congress and N.S.U.I It is believed that both the frontals were gained strength during his tenure.
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Corradini's Veiled Christ terracotta bozzetto in the Certosa di San Martino. Corrodini died before the full statue could be started, and Giuseppe Sammartino's completed marble is exhibited in the Cappella Sansevero in Naples. In 1744 Corradini moved to Naples to oversee the sculptural renovation of the Sansevero Chapel (Capella Sansevero de' Sangri or Pietatella) at the request of Raimondo di Sangro, Prince of Sansevero VII. Corradini's work on the chapel is a very complex and intricate decoration of statues, pedestals, altar frontals, round and bas-reliefs, for which he prepared 36 bozzetti in clay.
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The skull is robust, with small orbits (eye holes) set towards the front of the head. Although erosion and overlap makes it difficult to distinguish individual bones of the skull, certain ones can be identified. The tip of the snout contained tiny external nares (nostril holes) preceded by premaxillary bones and followed by unusually small lacrimal and nasal bones. In order to accommodate for the small size of the nasals, the frontals and adjacent prefrontal bones are elongated, occupying the length of almost the entire upper side of the snout.
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Metatarsal I is reduced, II and IV are symmetrical and III is the longest. The nasals are long and narrow and pass from near the plane passing through the front of the orbits to the extreme anterior points of the snout. The frontals are large relatively and help to form a small part of the upper orbital margin and a large portion of the upper temporal fossa. The jugal is a large bone forming the whole of the lower orbital and almost all of the lower temporal bar.
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Wesserpeton is known from the holotype NHMUK PV R36521, nearly complete fused frontals and from the referred materials NHMUK PV R36522–36568 and R36595–36611. All specimens were collected from seven localities of the Wessex Formation on the southeastern coast of the Isle of Wight of southern England. The type locality (Bed 38) is exposed at Yaverland while the rest (Bed L2) are exposed high in the cliff at Sudmoor Point but have yielded only NHMUK PV R36539, R36522 and R36553–36558. All specimens are dating to the Barremian stage of the Early Cretaceous.
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The Stavelot Triptych and Reliquary of St. Maurus are other examples of Mosan enamelwork. Large reliquaries and altar frontals were built around a wooden frame, but smaller caskets were all metal and enamel. A few secular pieces, such as mirror cases, jewellery and clasps have survived, but these no doubt under-represent the amount of fine metalwork owned by the nobility. The Gloucester candlestick, early 12th century The bronze Gloucester candlestick and the brass font of 1108–1117 now in Liège are superb examples, very different in style, of metal casting.
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Skulls of two dicraeosaurids in dorsal view, showing the placement of the parietal fenestra and the postparietal foramen Among the nasal bones of Europasaurus, several are known, but few are complete or undistorted. The nasals are overlapped posteriorly by the frontal bones, and towards the side, they articulate bluntly with the prefrontals. Unlike the nasals of Giraffatitan, those in Europasaurus project horizontally forwards, forming a small portion of the skull roof over the antorbital fenestrae. Four frontals are known from Europasaurus, three being from the left and one being from the right.
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In Conrad's 2008 analysis, Carusia was deeply nested within Autarchoglossa as a close relative of the living genus Xenosaurus. The 2012 analysis instead found that Myrmecodaptria and Carusia were close relatives of the family Scincidae, which includes modern skinks. Both genera were placed in a family called Carusiidae. While a close relationship to scincids was only weakly supported, the grouping of Myrmecodaptria and Carusia as sister taxa was strongly supported by nine shared characteristics, including fused frontals (which, according to the analysis, evolved independently in gekkotans and Carusiidae).
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The prefrontals are moderately large, rounded, each with a small olfactory nerve foramen; frontals wide over orbit; sphenotic not contacting supraoccipital. The spines are restricted to the nape and belly. The color of the body varies, the ground color of dorsum is pale yellowish green with many irregular light browns or reddish-brown blotches. Dark brown bands cross the dorsum at the eyes, between the eyes and pectoral fin base, just behind the pectoral fin base and are extending down side at dorsal fin base, and at the caudal fin base.
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ODAN-A-22, as well as the dentary PSMUBB.ODAN-A-24 - to this family. The family is diagnosed by the above traits as well as the presence of lappets of the parietals (shared by teiioids and lacertids), the constriction of the frontals to between the eye sockets, the widening of the squamosal bones at the rear; and the absence of a prearticular crest as well as the presence of a pterygoideus process on the prearticular bone of the lower jaw. It is unclear how closely related barbatteiids are to Meyasaurus, due to a lack of comparable bones beyond the skull.
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Adelospondyls had somewhat long and low skulls, with large orbits (eye sockets) shifted towards the front of the skull. As a result, the proportions of the skull bones were affected. For example, the nasal bones along the midline of the skull in front of the eyes were much shorter than the frontal bones directly behind them, which extended forwards past the level of the eyes. The frontal bones were omitted from the edge of the orbits (eye holes) due to a contact between the pre- and post-frontals which typically lie in front of and behind the orbits, respectively.
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Top: the skull of the WGSC V260003. Bottom: annotated drawing of the skull, showing the rectangular frontals in red, and the posteriorly shifted parietal bones in pale yellow.Like other hupehsuchians, Eohupehsuchus has a superficially bird-like skull, with an elongate, narrowly tapered, edentulous snout that contributes more than half of its total length. The genus is distinguished from other hupehsuchians in part by the shape and arrangement of bones in its skull roof: its parietal bones are further towards the back of the skull than those of Hupehsuchus and Nanchangosaurus, and its frontal bones are narrow and rectangular.
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The upper beak is deep and rounded, as well as possibly hooked at the tip, compared to the short finch- like beaks of modern mousebirds. The mandible has a particularly long retroarticular process, where the muscle for opening the jaws attaches to at the back of the lower jaw. The length of this bone would have provided Oligocolius with an increased gape compared to modern mousebirds. Furthermore, the beak is attached to the cranium by a hinge between the nasal bones and the frontals, meaning the upper beak was freely mobile like those of parrots and toucans.
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Autapomorphies of Angonisaurus have not been identified, but the taxon can be differentiated from all other Triassic dicynodonts by the combination of characters displayed by the intertemporal bar (no strong break in slope between intertemporal bar and frontals; postorbitals do not extend the full length of the intertemporal bar to reach the squamosals; parietals widely exposed in dorsal view with well- developed midline groove; interparietal makes a moderate contribution to skull roof and meets the parietals along an interdigitated suture). There are 7 localities in South Africa in which Angonisaurus fossils were uncovered in the Cynognathus assemblage zone.
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From the Romanesque period onwards are the golden Altar frontal of Basel Cathedral (1022), Bonanno Pisano's bronze doors at Monreale Cathedral (1185), the font of St Michael's, Hildesheim (1240) and reliquaries, altar frontals and other such objects. In the early 15th century the renowned sculptor, Donatello was commissioned to create series of figures for the chancel screen of the Basilica di Sant'Antonio in Padua. alt=The altar and the reredos that rises behind it together are an example of German Baroque church fitting. They have polychrome marbled surfaces of pink and grey which match the columns of the church.
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However, Protoavis is also remarkedly non-bird like in that it possess only a single exit for the trigeminal. However, these characters are not robust enough to identify Protoavis as a bird. The skull has an extremely narrow parietal with block like dorsal aspect, very broad, T-shaped frontals that form the "lateral wings" that Chatterjee applies to the lack of postorbitals. There are short curved ulnae with olecranon processes, and a possible scapula with bent shaft, and the cervicals have profiles and aspects to their exterior that are very similar to the Megalancosaurus cervical series.
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Dissorophus multicinctus skull in anterior view showing frontal depressions Schoch and Sues describe the skull of Dissorophus multicinctus as “short and broad posteriorly”. DeMar and Williston mention that the skull has two equal sides and it is flat posterior to the orbit, but curved and has depressions from anterior to margins. In addition, the skull surface shows deep circular pits or depressions situated on posterior portions of the frontals and bound by narrow ridges between them and thus difficult to distinguish sutures. According to DeMar, the skull depth increases posteriorly and decreases anteriorly when in lateral view.
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Skull of E. mirabilis Estemmenosuchus could reach a body length of more than . Its skull was long and massive, up to in length, and possessed several sets of large horns, somewhat similar to the antlers of a moose, growing upward and outward from the sides and top of the head. The animal had a sprawling posture as indicated by analysing its shoulder joints. The skull superficially resembles that of Styracocephalus, but the "horns" are formed from different bones; in Estemmenosuchus the horns are located on the frontals and protrude upward, whereas in Styracocephalus the horns are formed by the tabular and extend aft.
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Byzantine corona (kamelaukion) of Constance of Aragon, wife of Frederick II king of Germany and Sicily. The "treasure of the cathedral", which is composed of sacred vestments from the 16th and 18th centuries, frontals, monstrances, chalices, a breviary with miniatures of the 15th century and the gold tiara of Constance of Aragon. Other precious objects, enamels, embroidery and jewelry, are exposed in central message boards such as for example the breviary parchment of the 1452 coat of arms with an Archbishop Simon from Bologna. The system of bells currently mounted is composed of eight elements assembled with the Ambrosian.
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Macrosqualodelphis is distinguished from other squalodelphinids by its larger size () and a less abrupt anterior tapering of rostrum in dorsal view, U-shaped left antorbital notch prominent nuchal crest higher than the frontals and nasals at the vertex, a thinner, blade-like lateral margin of the posterior portion of the rostrum, and a more voluminous temporal fossa and larger teeth.Giovanni Bianucci, Giulia Bosio, Elisa Malinverno, Christian de Muizon, Igor M. Villa, Mario Urbina and Olivier Lambert. 2018. "A New Large Squalodelphinid (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from Peru Sheds Light on the Early Miocene Platanistoid Disparity and Ecology" . Royal Society Open Science.
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Despite the differing arrangements of their pileus impressions as well as the large gap in body size that separates them, the skull roofs of Oardasaurus and Barbatteius are still united by the presence of an osteoderm encrusting with pileus impressions, with a differentiated pattern on the frontals; the origin of the temporal muscles being located on the upper portion of the parietals (similar to other teiioids but unlike lacertoids); and the unobscured upper temporal fenestrae. Meyasaurus also shares the former two traits. Codrea and colleagues thus assigned Oardasaurus and Barbatteius to the new family Barbatteiidae. They also referred some indeterminate remains of the lower jaw - the prearticular and articular bones PSMUBB.
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Interior of the MuseumThe Museum of Leather Artistry (), in Vic, is a museum dedicated to the decorative and applied leather arts, founded in 1996 and located in the refurbished convent of El Carme. It exhibits the collection of Vic tanner Andreu Colomer i Munmany, focusing on objects made totally or partially of leather, such as trunks, room separators, altar frontals, chest tables, stools, saddles, masks or shadow puppets.Omnium, Fitxa del Museu de l'Art de la Pell de Vic Of particular interest is the guadamassil technique (polychrome- or gold-embossed leather) and cordovan applied to boxes and chests. It is part of the Barcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network.
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This median fossa is the main feature which can be used to differentiate Kadimakara from its close relative Prolacerta, which either lacks this specific lowered area or has the entire rear part of the skull slightly lowered, depending on the individual. Directly above the eyes were a pair of bones known as frontals; only a small portion of these bones were preserved in the Kadimakara holotype. However, the preserved portion can be seen to stretch along the outer edges of the parietal bones. This means that the parietals had a wedge- like shape when seen from above, and that they stretched forward as far as the level of the orbits.
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One of three living species of Juliomys, Juliomys pictipes, also has a broader interorbital region. Behind the position of the nasals (which are missing in the only known skull) is an interlacrymal depression, a lowered portion of the skull; the suture (connection) between the two frontal bones is incompletely closed there. This interfrontal fontanelle is shared with Juliomys rimofrons, but not with Juliomys pictipes, nor with most specimens of Juliomys ossitenuis.Pardiñas and Teta, 2011, table 2 In Wilfredomys, a Brazilian rodent with some similarities to J. anoblepas, the premaxillary bone forms a narrow projection towards the frontals, which is absent in J. anoblepas and other Juliomys species.
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The upper edge of each orbit is formed by the upper rear branch of a prefrontal and the upper forward branch of a postfrontal (bone behind the eye). This means that the frontals (bones of the skull roof between the eyes) are separated from the orbit, a feature which is known to a lesser degree in Sphenodon and Clevosaurus, but not rhynchosaurs. Another diagnostic feature of Colobops is the fact that the skull roof possesses a very large, diamond-shaped gap between its bones, referred to as a fontanelle. Fontanelles typically can be used to characterize infant animals with skull roofs that are not completely fused.
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Likely due to different social structures, the Irish elk exhibits more marked sexual dimorphism than Alces, with Irish elk bucks being notably larger than does. In total, Irish elk bucks may have ranged from , with an average of , and does may have been relatively large, about 80% of buck size, or on average. The distingushing characters of M. giganteus include concave frontals, proportionally long braincase, proportionally short front section of the skull (orbitofrontal region), alongside the absence of upper canines and the molarisation of the lower fourth premolar (P4). The skull and mandible of the Irish elk exhibit substantial thickening (pachyostosis), with the early and complete obliteration of cranial sutures.
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Cartorhynchus and Sclerocormus were united by their short snouts, elongated nasals, deep jaws, frontals lacking expansions, rib-cages deepest near the shoulder, and scapulae (shoulder blades) wider at the bottom end than at the top end. Incorporating nasorostrans into phylogenetic analyses also provided evidence in support of the hupehsuchians as close relatives of the ichthyopterygians. In 2014, Motani and colleagues named the clade formed by Nasorostra and Ichthyopterygia as the Ichthyosauriformes, and the clade formed by Ichthyosauriformes and Hupehsuchia as the Ichthyosauromorpha. Notably, the close relation between these different groups was recovered by their analyses regardless of whether characteristics linked to aquatic adaptations were removed from the analysis.
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Mesocetus is similar to other tranatocetids in having rostral bones that override the frontals and contact the parietals, nasals dividing the maxillae on the vertex, a dorsoventrally bent occipital shield with a more horizontal anterior portion and more vertical posterior portion, and a tympanic bulla with short, narrow anterior portion with rounded or squared anterior end and wider and higher posterior portion that is particularly swollen in the posteroventral area. Shared characters with Tranatocetus include posterior ends of premaxillae fused with the maxillae and divided on the vertex by long, narrow and high (vertical plate-like) nasals and cervical vertebrae with wide transverse foramina, almost as wide as the centra.
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They found that the frontal bones of Irritator, Spinosaurus, and Sigilmassasaurus were similar in being arched, concave on top, and narrowed at the front; features that would have resulted in the eyes being positioned further up on the head than in other theropods. In particular, the broad lower jaw and narrowed frontals of Irritator resulted in the orbits facing at a steep incline towards the midline of the skull, whereas most theropods had laterally facing orbits. These traits would have permitted the animal to see above the waterline when submerged. In 2018, Aureliano and colleagues conducted an analysis on the Romualdo Formation tibia fragment.
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Contacts between the bones are difficult to discern, and sutures are hardly visible on the surface of the skull, mostly between the contacts of the frontals and the surrounding bones. The pineal foramen (the opening for the "third eye") is oval and lies across the parietal bones just behind the preparietal and is positioned relatively far back in the last quarter of the skull. The braincase and rear of the skull is somewhat weathered, but they appear similarly constructed to those of other dicynodonts. The secondary palate formed by the premaxilla is unusually short and reduced, and their contact with the palatine bones is not visible.
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A corner of the cover of the Codex Aureus of Echternach, Trier, 980s Objects for decorating churches such as crosses, reliquaries, altar frontals and treasure bindings for books were all made of or covered by gold, embellished with gems, enamels, crystals, and cameos.Lasko, Part Two (pp. 77–142), gives a very comprehensive account. Beckwith, 138–145 This was a much older style, but the Ottonian version has distinctive features, with very busy decoration of surfaces, often gems raised up from the main surface on little gold towers, accompanied by "beehive" projections in gold wire, and figurative reliefs in repoussé gold decorating areas between the bars of enamel and gem decoration.
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The external nares are dorsally positioned and fused into a single large opening (confluent), a feature found in several aquatic and semi-aquatic Archosauriformes, although the orbits are positioned laterally and slightly forwards, providing limited binocular vision. The nasals are long and occupy much of the skull length, followed by short, broad frontals that are almost excluded from the margin of the orbit by the pre- and postfrontals. The postfrontal bones are sculpted, and the jugals are similarly adorned with longitudinal ridges. The parietal bones surround a small pineal foramen ("third eye"), a feature absent in most archosauriforms but sometimes found in the proterosuchid archosauriform Proterosuchus.
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The robust-snouted clade is defined by a robust premaxillae, a short pars dorsalis that is sutured dorsally with the nasal, a short premaxillary lateral process on the maxilla, and an internasal process on frontals that are both narrow and similar to spines. The origins of these sister, snout-based clades can both be traced back to the early Late Cretaceous, and therefore antedate the Campanian. A. arthridion is interpreted as the most primitive species of Albanerpeton, being quite small. Its small size forms the basis for the hypothesis that reduced body size is derived, and was developed at least twice within the genus.
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The generic name Brasinorhynchus comes from Portuguese brasino used for red horses in south Brazil in reference to the red color of the fossils and their resemblance to a horse skull, and from the Greek rhynchos meaning "beak", a common suffix for rhynchosaur genera. The specific name shares its origin with the specimens' old nickname, the "Mariante Rhynchosaur". B. mariantensis is unique among other known rhynchosaurs by possessing a contact between the prefrontal and postfrontal bones that excludes the frontals from the eye socket. A phylogenetic analysis recovered it in an advanced position with the Stenaulorhynchinae, as the sister taxon of Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi from the late Anisian of Manda beds, Tanzania.
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The flat and heavily sculptured skull roof is formed by the paired frontal bones above the eyes and the parietal bones above the temporal fenestra. The connection between the frontal pair and the parietal pair is W-shaped, with each parietal having a triangular forward point which penetrates each frontal. A similar connection is also present at the front edge of the frontals, where each frontal is bisected by the rear tip of each nasal bone. Similar to proterochampsians and a few types of archosaurs (crocodylomorphs, dinosaurs, and shuvosaurids), Vancleavea does not possess a postfrontal, a small wedge-like bone which sometimes occupies the rear upper corner of the orbit.
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As only six good skulls, one juvenile braincase, and one recently discovered juvenile skull are known, additional material will help clear up these potential relationships. Williamson noted that in any case, juvenile Parasaurolophus probably had small, rounded crests like P. cyrtocristatus, that probably grew faster as individuals approached sexual maturity. Recent restudy of a juvenile braincase previously assigned to Lambeosaurus, now assigned to Parasaurolophus, provides evidence that a small tubular crest was present in juveniles. This specimen preserves a small upward flaring of the frontal bones that was similar to but smaller than what is seen in adult specimens; in adults, the frontals formed a platform that supported the base of the crest.
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Nevertheless, Irritator also bore unserrated teeth, a trait associated with spinosaurines. Sales and Schultz thus noted that the Araripe Basin spinosaurids Irritator and Angaturama might represent intermediate forms between the earlier baryonychines and later spinosaurines, and that further research may eventually render the former a paraphyletic (unnatural) group. Irritator is further distinguished from Baryonyx, Suchomimus, and Cristatusaurus by having slightly over half as many teeth in the maxilla, and from Spinosaurus due to its comparatively larger and more forwardly positioned nostril openings, which, unlike in Spinosaurus, are also formed by the premaxilla. The narrow sagittal crest, which ends in a knob-like process above the frontals, is another autapomorphy separating Irritator from other spinosaurids.
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The palatine bones are wide at the front and form rough, rugose pads on the roof of the mouth, also likely covered in keratinous horn. The frontals are wide, and so the eyes sit down on the side of the head and face outwards. The postorbital bars closing off the back of the orbits are short, and so the skull (and the temporal fenestra) appear relatively narrow from above for a dicynodont. The pineal foramen (the opening for the "third eye"), bordered by the preparietal in front and the elongated parietal bones behind, is oval and sits flat on the skull, and noticeably varies in size between the two known specimens (0.96 cm and 1.33 cm in length).
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"Antependium" is the word used for elaborate fixed altar frontals, which, in large churches and especially in the Ottonian art of the Early Medieval period, were sometimes of gold studded with gems, enamels and ivories, and in other periods and churches often carved stone, painted wood panel, stucco, or other materials, such as azulejo tiling in Portugal. When the front of an altar is elaborately carved or painted, the additional cloth altar frontal normally reaches down only a few inches from the top of the altar table; this is called a "frontlet". In other cases it may reach to the floor (the "frontal", properly so called). In both situations, it will usually cover the entire width of the altar.
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A phylogenetic analysis previously conducted by Venczel and Codrea to accompany the description of Barbatteius demonstrated that Barbatteius, and by extension other barbatteiids, are members of the Teiioidea. This inclusion is based on the fusion of the frontals as well as the inclusion of the prootic bone in the recessus scalae tympani, a structure of the inner ear. They also found that a number of characteristics were shared by Barbatteiidae and Teiidae, including the overlap of the squamosal by the postorbital; the origin of the temporal muscles on the upper portion of the parietals, which is overlapped by the contact between the parietals and the ectopterygoid bones; and the weakly-developed shelf on the inside of the tooth row. The phylogenetic tree is reproduced below.
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Dasyceps is the largest of the three zatracheidid genera, with a skull length approaching 30 cm. It is diagnosed by the following features: (1) proportionately long, U-shaped skull and elongate premaxillae; (2) relatively posteriorly situated nares; (3) dorsal exposure of septomaxilla replaced by nasal and maxilla, which contact posterior to the naris, excluding the lacrimal; (4) quadratojugal expanded but without spikes; (5) tabular posteriorly expanded; (6) long suture between squamosal and tabular. Compared to other zatracheidids, the internarial fontanelle of D. bucklandi forms a nearly perfect teardrop-shaped opening that divides the nasals more than in Acanthostomatops but that does not divide the frontals as is found in Zatrachys. Dasyceps bucklandi is only known from a holotype skull split into a part and counterpart block.
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Above the eye sockets however, the line of the top of the snout curves steeply upwards, resulting in a very large crest on the frontals, as high as the posterior part of the skull is deep, ending in a rounded top. Due to the angling of the skull roof the crest slightly points forwards and its base extends to the back of the roof; however, the parietal is not part of it. In front of the crest large impressions of soft tissue are visible but these are plant remains. Further diagnostic features of the skull include an infratemporal fenestra with a narrow lower end, and a jugal of which the front branch extends no further than the front edge of the fenestra nasoantorbitalis.
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On May 14, 2015, at the Turner Upfront presentation, president Kevin Reilly announced a major shift within the next few years for TBS and TNT. The expanded development slate would see TBS feature more original live-action comedies, original animated series, more late-night talk shows, and lots more of "big unscripted ideas with attitude". One of the first success stories out of this effort was the satirical news series Full Frontal with Samantha Bee, hosted by the former correspondent for Comedy Central's The Daily Show (which served as a basis for Full Frontals format). A new logo—which was previously revealed on social media 1½ months prior on September 16—made its official debut on the evening of October 31, 2015.
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The genus is named for the Judean Hills where the holotype of Judeasaurus tchernovi was discovered ("Judea lizard"), and the etymology of the species name honours Eitan Tchernov for his contributions to the paleontology of Israel. Haber and Polcyn (2005, p. 249) diagnose Judeasaurus tchernovi as a varnoid lizard: Haber and Polcyn (2005, 251-254) compare Judeasaurus with other marine varanoids (Adriosaurus and Pontosaurus), basal mosasauroids (including Tethysaurus, Haasiasaurus, and Halisaurus) and with members of the paraphyletic Aigialosauridae, and determined that Judeasaurus "represents a new taxon within Varanoidea, related to mosasauroids based on its fused frontals and circular quadrate." An affiliation with another group of Late Cretaceous marine varanoids, the Dolichosauridae, is proprosed but this relationship remains unresolved due to the poorly understood nature of dolichosaurs.
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The third section conserves the most precious liturgical vestments owned by Dominican friars, an awesome collection of copes and chasubles in multicolour silks, silver and gold linens, '700 century altar frontals, mother-of-pearl ornaments, reliquary, monstrances and candelabra. The most precious pieces of the collection are: the fantastic brocaded lampas cope by French manufacturers from 18th century, embroidered with silver thread and gold finishing; the peach tunic (end of 18th century), coming from the silk factories in San Leucio; a wonderful altar frontal (18th century) in brocade fabric embroidered with silver thread and multicolour silks on ivory satin, representing the Virgin Mary and Saint Dominic and "The Mysteries of the Rosary"; the reliquary finger of St Biagio, thaumaturge (wonderworker) of throat diseases.
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Most of the altar frontals known to us from the Romanesque period in Catalonia consist of a panel, painted in tempera, which in some cases is complemented with stucco relief elements. But alongside this more widespread form there were other technical possibilities, such as fresco painting or carved stone or marble or, as in this case, carved polychrome wood. Remember that some decoration and details, using gilded effects, resembled or imitated more luxurious items covered with precious metals. The Altar frontal from Santa Maria in Taüll is part of a series of works discovered at the beginning of the twentieth century in the churches of the valley of Boí and is one of the items of highest quality from the Ribagorza workshops.
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This species was originally described by Elizete Celestino Holanda, Ana Maria Ribeiro, and Jorge Ferigolo, in 2011, using materials from the Upper Pleistocene of the Madeira River Formation, in Araras, Nova Mamoré municipality, Rondonia state, Brazil. The type specimen of Tapirus rondoniensis is an almost complete skull with a unique combination of characteristics that differ from those of current and fossil species of Tapirus described in South America. It is mainly identified by its broad frontals that support pneumatization that extends to the frontoparietal suture, a high sagittal crest, and a weakly molarized P2. T. rondoniensis is similar in some respects to T. terrestris, but retains some primitive cranial and dental character states like T. pinchaque, such as broad fronts and a weakly molarized P2.
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Amanda Williams, "The 'superduck' that reveals how dinosaurs got their crests: 80-million-year-old creature is 'missing link' in the evolutionary tree", MailOnline 11 November 2015 Braincase of subadult Brachylophosaurus specimen MOR 940 In 2015, several distinguishing traits were established. Two of these are autapomorphies, unique derived characters. The skull crest is made of massive bone and is entirely formed by the nasal bones which, in adult individuals, overhang the supratemporal fenestrae over a distance of less than two centimetres. This crest is at its midline extremely thickened, resulting at the position of the rear frontals bones it overgrowths, in a pointed strongly triangular transverse cross-section, the upper angle of which in rear view is less than 130°.
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A characteristic of the family Barbatteiidae, which Oardasaurus and Barbatteius belong to, is the presence of an extensive crust of osteoderms, separated by deep grooves, on the bones of the skull roof (including the parietals, postorbitals, and frontals, with the latter having a slightly different arrangement). These osteoderms preserve the imprints (collectively known as the "pileus") of the scales that laid over them. In modern Teiidae, the arrangement of the pileus (which is present directly on the skull roof due to an absent or limited osteoderm crust) varies between species, while it is fairly constant in modern Lacertidae. In Oardasaurus, the occipital (rear) scale of the pileus is subdivided into three smaller osteoderms in Oardasaurus, unlike Barbatteius, Meyasaurus, and the lacertid Plesiolacerta where there is no such division.
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Scagliola work at the Certosa di Padula, Italy While there is evidence of scagliola decoration in ancient Roman architecture, scagliola decoration became popular in Italian Baroque buildings in the 17th century, and was imitated throughout Europe until the 19th century. Superb altar frontals using this technique are to be found at the Certosa di Padula in the Campania, Southern Italy. An early use of scagliola in England is in a fireplace at Ham House, Surrey, which was brought from Italy along with the window sill in the reign of Charles II. This employs the use of a scagliola background which was then cut into to lay in the design. In 1761, a scagliolisto, Domenico Bartoli, from Livorno arrived in London and was employed by William Constable of Burton Constable in Yorkshire.
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Two families are recognised: the primarily North American Taeniolabididae, composed of Taeniolabis and Kimbetopsalis, and the exclusively Asian Lambdopsalidae, composed of Lambdopsalis, Sphenopsalis and Prionessus, with Valenopsalis being a basal form outside of either clade. Some of the fossils are well-preserved. Though the possible taeniolabidoid Bubodens is known from the Lancian Late Cretaceous deposits of South Dakota, and Yubaatar is known from Late Cretaceous deposits in the Henan Province, the clade is otherwise only clearly represented in Paleocene strata. Derived characteristics of the taxon (apomorphies) include: "snout short and wide with anterior part of zygomatic arches directed transversely, resulting in a square-like shape of the skull (shared with Kogaionidae); frontals small, pointed posteriorly, almost or completely excluded from the orbital rim," (Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum 2001, p. 417).
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Texacephale langstoni dome discovered in the Aguja Formation The holotype specimen of Texacephale, LSUMNS 20010, is composed of fused frontals and parietals. A second specimen, LSUMNS 20012, is composed of an incomplete frontoparietal dome. It was found in the same WPA quarries that produced Agujaceratops, and may have been exavated and tossed aside, being mistaken for a rock or concretion, before being picked up decades later. According to the team, the fossilized dome of the animal possessed five to six vertical flanges on each lateral side, connecting it with the postorbital bone. The team interpreted these structures as interlocking "gears" that would help deal with stress on the bone during head-butting,Head-ramming dino had ‘gears’ in skull a hypothetical behavior that had earlier been challenged by other authors.
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Maxilla of specimen ZLJT01 Over the years, paleontologists referred additional specimens to D. sinensis which are now assigned to Sinosaurus. Dong (2003) referred specimen LDM-LCA10 which consists of a skull and an incomplete skeleton. In 2012, Xing referred two individuals, ZLJ0003 which consists of a partial skull and an incomplete skeleton, and ZLJT01 which is a juvenile individual that consists of a premaxillary fragment, an incomplete maxilla, a maxillary fragment, a lacrimal, both frontals, both parietals, an incomplete braincase, an incomplete dentary, an atlantal intercentrum, two dorsal rib fragments, and a partial proximal caudal neural arch, to Sinosaurus. The holotype, IVPP V34, was found in the Lower Lufeng Formation, and consists of two maxillary (upper jaw) fragments, four maxillary teeth, and a lower jaw fragment with three teeth.
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The specific name refers to the provenance from the Sierra Barrosa Formation. The holotype, MCF-PVPH-411, was found in a layer of the Sierra Barrosa Formation dating from the Coniacian. It consists of a partial skeleton with skull, of an immature individual. The skeletal elements recovered for this type specimen of Murusraptor include a partial skull consisting of a complete braincase with frontals and parietals, right lacrimal, prefrontal, postorbital, quadrate, pterygoid, epipterygoid and ectopterygoid, thirty-one teeth, the rear elements of the right lower jaw, twelve vertebrae from the back, sacrum and tail, eleven thoracic ribs, a single haemal arch or chevron bone, several gastralia, a third manual ungual, complete left ilium, part of a right ilium, proximal ends of both pubic bones, distal ends of the ischia, the right tibia, and a calcaneum.
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Because Labocania is based on fragmentary material, its affinities are uncertain. Molnar noted certain similarities between Labocania and tyrannosaurids, especially in the form of the ischium which features a low triangular obturator process and a circular lateral scar on the upper end, but he did not assign Labocania to any family, placing it as theropoda incertae sedis. Molnar especially compared Labocania with Indosaurus and "Chilantaisaurus" maortuensis, later made the separate genus Shaochilong. Labocania was considered as a possible tyrannosauroid in the 2004 review of the group by Thomas R. Holtz Jr., who, however, pointed out that the similarities with the Tyrannosauridae were shared with the Coelurosauria in general—no tyrannosauroid synapomorphies were present—and that Labocania also showed some abelisaurid traits such as the thick frontals and a reclining quadrate.
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Albanerpeton was first described by Estes and Hoffstetter. However, the genus was re-described by Gardner in 1999 after a large collection of jaws and frontals from Miocene fissure fills near La Grive- Saint-Alban in southeastern France was found. When the type species was originally described, it was considered to be a salamander, despite possessing no known features that were otherwise restricted to Urodela, as its only salamander-like features were held in common with small, limbed, and non- saltatorial amphibians in general. A. inexpectatum had many unique characteristics, distinct from salamanders and other amphibians (such as its feeding apparatus, dermal bones of the skull, and anterior cervical vertebrae) that Fox and Naylor suggested it be classified in its own order, Allocaudata, family, Albanerpetontidae, and genus, Albanerpeton, all of which were new at the time.
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The cladogram produced by Liu (2020), simplified and focused on the relationships of dicynodontoids, is shown below: The results of the analysis are almost identical to the cladograms produced from the previous studies, however, the position of the two Laotian dicynodonts Counillonia and Repelinosaurus differs from their original descriptions. The two Laotian genera were found to clade together with Taoheodon in the "core-Dicynodon" clade, contrasting with the analysis of Olivier and colleagues which originally found Repelinosaurus to be the basalmost kannemeyeriiform. Liu found Taoheodon and the Laotian dicynodonts to share a number of features, including notably short snouts, pineal foramens placed further back on the roof of the skull, anteriorly inclined occiputs, a fairly straight suture between the nasals and frontals, lacking the postfrontal bones, fairly flat postorbitals in the temporal area, and a large fossa on the ventral surface of the intertemporal bar.
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Skull of the holotype specimen Tranatocetus is similar to "Aulocetus" latus, "Cetotherium" megalophysum, "Cetotherium" vandelli, Mesocetus, and Mixocetus in having rostral bones that override the frontals and contact the parietals, nasals dividing the maxillae on the vertex, a dorsoventrally bent occipital shield with a more horizontal anterior portion and more vertical posterior portion, and a tympanic bulla with short, narrow anterior portion with rounded or squared anterior end and wider and higher posterior portion that is particularly swollen in the posteroventral area. Like other tranatocetids, the skull vertex of Tranatocetus is X-shaped in dorsal view. However, Tranatocetus differs in having a wide skull with laterally expanded squamosals, straight ascending processes of maxillae which extend parallel to each other (rather than tapering and converging posteriorly), small lateral projection of the posterior meatal crest on the posterolateral side of the postglenoid process and paroccipital processes extending far posterior to the occipital condyles.
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Head much depressed; snout long; loreal region concave; upper labials projecting, angular. Upper head- shields smooth; nostril latero-superior, pierced between an upper and a lower nasal; a small postnasal wedged in between the two nasals; these three shields more or less distinctly swollen; fronto-nasal single; pre-frontals obtusely keeled; frontal much narrowed posteriorly, grooved longitudinally; four supraoculars, first and fourth smallest, the two principal separated from the supraciliaries by a series of granules; occipital small, broader than the interparietal, with which it is usually in contact; subocular bordering the lip, between the fourth and fifth upper labials; temporal scales small, obtusely keeled; two large supra-temporals bordering the parietal; tympanic shield very large, opercle-like. No gular fold; collar usually distinguishable. Dorsal scales small, as large as laterals or slightly larger; 52 to 64 scales round the middle of the body, ventrals included.
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Like all zatracheidids, Zatrachys is easily recognized by the presence of a large opening in the snout, the internarial fontanelle or fenestra. Of the three genera of zatracheidids, that of Zatrachys is the largest, extending as far back as to fully divide the nasals and to partially divide the frontals, a unique feature (autapomorphy). Other features that distinguish this genus are the presence of prominent spiky projections from the posterior skull (maxilla and quadratojugal), bosses and ridges on the lower jaw, a supratemporal that borders the otic notch, long and slender tabular horns and short postparietal horns, contact between the palatine and the vomer to fully enclose the choana on the palate, and a U-shaped skull profile intermediate to that of Acanthostomatops (broad and parabolic) and Dasyceps (elongate). Although there are numerous reports of postcranial material attributed to Zatrachys, all of this was referred to species that are now reassigned to other temnospondyl taxa (e.g.
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A few years later, in 1393, the so-called Sempacherbrief was signed between the Acht Orte (the original eight Swiss cantons), plus the associated Canton of Solothurn. It was the first document signed by all eight (plus Solothurn), but it also defined that none of them was to unilaterally start a war without the consent of all the others. Some miles north of Sempach is the quaint village of Beromünster (973 inhabitants in 1900), with a collegiate church founded in the l0th century and dating, in parts, from the 11th and 12th centuries (fine 17th-century choir stalls and altar frontals), the chapter of secular canons now consisting of invalided priests of the canton of Lucerne: it was in Beromünster that the first dated book was printed (1470) in Switzerland, by care of the canons, while thence came Gering who introduced printing into France. Sempach is the site of the Sempach Bird Observatory.
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Zarhinocetus is a member of Allodelphinidae, a family of primitive dolphins related to the South Asian river dolphin, measuring in length. The rostrum is narrow and elongated, and the teeth are both polydont and heterodont. Zarhinocetus is distinguished from other allodelphinids in having a depressed medial part of dorsal surface of proximal part of rostrum, enlarged tubercle present on dorsolateral surface of maxilla anterior to antorbital notch, supraorbital process of frontal thicker dorsoventrally, anteroposteriorly-oriented crest present on dorsal surface of supraorbital process of maxilla, bony orbit of larger diameter, dorsal exposures of frontals on cranial vertex asymmetrical with midline suture located to left of cranial midline, zygomatic process of squamosal nearly rectangular in lateral view rather than arc shaped, nuchal crest curving anteriorly at apex posterior to cranial vertex, occipital shield larger and more vertically oriented, occipital condyles proportionally larger; petrosal more massive, with anterior process more robust, posterior process shorter, posterior articular facet for tympanic bulla smaller; tympanic bulla with outer lip more inflated.Toshiyuki Kimura and Lawrence G. Barnes (2016).
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The chapel was opened by the Bishop of Oxford and has a stained-glass window depicting John Wycliffe. A vestry was added to the south side of the chapel in the 1930s, which is now being used as a prayer room. A 1961 reordering of the east end saw the introduction of candlesticks and altar frontals, which were removed in a later reordering. The 1960s metal reredos cross is now hung in the corridor between the hall and Old Lodge. No.2 Norham Gardens, the Principal's lodge from 1930 to 1987 During the twentieth century, a number of houses in Norham Gardens were also acquired by the hall, including No.2 in 1930 (which date also saw the acquisition of the freeholds from St John's College). The gardens of No.2 and No.4 remained separately delineated by their original brick party walls for some decades, but these grounds were amalgamated with the garden of 54 Banbury Road to form a large green space on the site in the late 1960s.
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A large hole may be present between the frontal bones and the basisphenoid (Psammophis, Coelopeltis); the maxillary may be much abbreviated and movable vertically, as in the Viperidae; the pterygoids may taper and converge posteriorly, without any connection with the quadrate, as in the Amblycephalidae; the supratemporal may be much reduced, and wedged in between the adjacent bones of the cranium; the quadrate may be short or extremely large; the prefrontals may join in a median suture in front of the frontals; the dentary may be freely movable, and detached from the articular posteriorly. The deviation from the normal type is much greater still when we consider the degraded wormlike members of the families Typhlopidae and Glauconiidae, in which the skull is very compact and the maxillary much reduced. In the former this bone is loosely attached to the lower aspect of the cranium; in the latter it borders the mouth, and is suturally joined to the premaxillary and the prefrontal. In both the transverse bone and the supratemporal are absent, but the coronoid element is present in the mandible.
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