406 Sentences With "freethinkers" | Random Sentence Generator

" But she was lucky to be born into a family of "freethinkers.

Nineteenth-century freethinkers, such as Susan B. Anthony, were leading advocates of abolitionism and feminism.

We think of ourselves as freethinkers, but we are incredibly conventional and our behavior is mostly predictable.

In the weeks leading up the Ark Encounter's opening, the Freethinkers and the ministry engaged in a billboard war.

Our 18 member organizations are established 85033(c)(3) nonprofits who serve atheists, agnostics, humanists, freethinkers and other nontheistic Americans.

But to our utter astonishment, the state machinery has turned into an instrument of suppression for freethinkers, writers, bloggers and publishers.

The central conflict in La Belle Sauvage pits freethinkers against fanatics, which is not simply a conflict between atheists and believers.

"I'm appalled that they've actually gone through with it," LeeWood Thomas, member of the Arkansas Society of Freethinkers, told CNN affiliate KARK.

"I'm appalled that they've actually gone through with it," LeeWood Thomas of the Arkansas Society of Freethinkers told CNN affiliate KARK-TV.

Compared to the democratic mob, hereditary rulers—especially if well tutored by freethinkers like Voltaire himself—were less likely to become oppressive.

Sam Rivers and Anthony Braxton, on flutes and reed instruments, were structural innovators and freethinkers, deciding how wide-open improvisation could conjure stories.

Famous freethinkers have been criticized for anti-Muslim sentiment, for cheering the alt-right media personality Milo Yiannopoulos, and for lampooning feminism and gender theory.

It was started by an association called the Freethinkers Movement, which was created in 2016 and has 19793 members, according to Sofiene Kosksi, a spokesman.

Intolerant and illiberal doctrines related to martyrdom, blasphemy, honor and apostasy reliably lead to oppression and violence against women, homosexuals, freethinkers, liberals and even other Muslims.

Jo has always appealed to tomboys, rebels and freethinkers, her passion for creativity providing aspiring writers with a glimpse of how to operate in the world.

The movement gained strength in the early 2000s, as the emerging blogosphere allowed like-minded "freethinkers" to connect and opened the community to more women like Hensley.

We'd been losing gays, trans kids, freethinkers and unaccredited journalists for years, but when senators turned out to be just as vulnerable, the legislature finally took action.

The rapper's Twitter posts about "freethinkers" and the "thought police" earned him praise on the right, while some longtime supporters and collaborators were left scratching their heads.

No surprise, then, that so many "mobbings" are slickly converted into opportunities for grandstanding among self-styled freethinkers, their individuality under assault by the politically correct masses.

A diet of hypernationalism, propaganda about foreign conspirators and security paranoia imposes limits even on freethinkers, who often end up mirroring official intolerance in their own lives.

"Wrong" can feel like a tribute to the countless young artists and freethinkers who have had their tender egos crushed by someone who shouted "wrong" when they were right.

The area was an abandoned military base in 1971 when squatters broke down the barricades and occupied 84 acres of land, declaring "a self-governing society" of artists and freethinkers.

Part of East Germany during the cold war, Hiddensee became an "island of the blessed": an enclave of freethinkers where dreamers and idealists sought to escape the oppressive conformity of state socialism.

Since 2013, bloggers, freethinkers, religious minorities, foreigners, gay activists, followers of more liberal strains of Islam and others have been killed in attacks carried out mostly by groups of young men wielding machetes.

She adopted anarchism as a political philosophy and became one of the movement's most prominent and determined supporters, establishing a reputation as a transfixing speaker and earning the admiration of her fellow freethinkers.

Gossipy English tourists in the region suspected these radical freethinkers were engaging in every form of bad behavior (one fashionable hotel even furnished a telescope from which guests could spy on the villa).

His declaration caused the Freethinkers Movement to take to the streets, and it also stirred controversy on social media, which has been used by the nonfasting community to raise awareness about its cause.

"Basically, this boat is a church raising scientifically illiterate children and lying to them about science," noted Jim Helton, the leader of an atheist group called the Tri-State Freethinkers, in the LA Times.

While vengeful lovers, demented blackmailers and unscrupulous abortionists may represent universal types, the Yiddish press also gleefully reported on specifically Jewish affairs — like the pitched battles between Jewish freethinkers and so-called Sabbath enforcers.

READ: How Fox News dominates Facebook in the Trump era As conservatives like Ben Shapiro and self-styled freethinkers like Joe Rogan came to Crowder's defense, he pushed "Mug Club" memberships at a 30% discount.

"The very existence of this congressional caucus for freethinkers and humanists is a marker of how far the movement for secular and nontheist equality has come," said Roy Speckhardt, executive director of the American Humanist Association.

For the last three years, atheist writers, freethinkers, foreigners, religious minorities, gay rights activists and others have been terrorized and killed in Bangladesh by shadowy figures who have struck with machetes and sped off on motorbikes.

This underlines how important it is today that free, open and tolerant societies actively promote and protect this freedom — and give artists and freethinkers a voice by representing a safe harbor where they can be heard.

Esperanto attracted leftists and freethinkers of various stripes—Goebbels called it "a language of Jews and communists," not entirely inaccurately—and the majority of those people, like Zamenhof, conceived of the language as an ethical program.

It worked with the EP perfectly, as for me it represents the suffocation of thought, the parochial nature of supposed freethinkers, the suppression of political alternatives and the efficacy of algorithms that place us firmly in our echo chambers.

Now Columbia University is preparing to inventory some 10,000 hours of recordings from the show that it bought earlier this year to preserve a record of what such musicians, political firebrands and freethinkers were saying at formative points in their careers.

In fact, Hill says his affiliation with the temple is rather boring: He met some likeminded freethinkers at a conference in the Midwest, and even though he's actually an atheist, he decided to join their group back at home in Los Angeles.

LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Moral misgivings nearly made Michael B. Jordan, the star of HBO's cinematic revival of Ray Bradbury's beloved 1953 novel "Fahrenheit 451," turn down the leading role of a book burning fireman who hunts down a gang of underground freethinkers.

So when he tweets "only freethinkers" and "It's no more barring people because they have different ideas," he is picking up on a real phenomenon: that the boundaries of public discourse have become so proscribed as to make impossible frank discussions of anything remotely controversial.

Nor, beyond the occasional nod to "Enlightenment ideals" and "the Republic of Letters" — the network of potent intellectual exchanges that connected freethinkers in 18th-century England, France, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Prussia, Russia, Scotland and the New World — does he consider the relevance of that watershed epoch.

At times, Mary's declarations of tolerance — for foreigners, sexual nonconformists and freethinkers — sound a bit too closely tailored to 21st-century sensibilities, but the overall picture of a fractious and diverse 16th-century Britain also serves as a corrective to tidy, traditional views of the past.

Candidates who rightly denounce the persecution of Christians by radical Islamists should be ashamed of themselves for not expressing equal indignation at the persecution of freethinkers and atheists, as well as dissenting Muslims and small religious sects, not only by terrorists but also by theocracies like Saudi Arabia.

But the annual back-to-school show, which began in 2008, has moved more sharply in that direction with the ideological tightening under President Xi Jinping, as he has cracked down on corruption and freethinkers alike and deployed the language and symbolism of a purist form of Communism to unify the country.

A group of local atheist activists, the Tri-State Freethinkers, recently tried to put up billboards on the highway approaching the ark, calling it the "Genocide and Incest Park," but no billboard company would agree, said the Freethinker's founder and president, Jim G. Helton, so they plan to protest at the ark's grand opening.

The ManDoki Soulmates remains a group of musical rebels and idealistic freethinkers who continue to endeavor to be authentic and honest, and to support common global values for free people in a tolerant world by playing sociopolitically relevant jazz-rock and prog-rock together as a community of shared values on one stage with one band.

Although the failure of the Republic to sustain its ideals is appallingly self-evident, elections involving millions of people were held routinely, if imperfectly; venal bosses like Boss Tweed, instead of sending on power to his son, were tried and imprisoned; Jews worshipped freely; freethinkers flourished; immigrants settled; reformers raged against corruption, and, in a few key cases, won their battle; dissent, even radical dissent, was aired and, though sporadically persecuted was, on the whole, heard and tolerated.

Only one Freethinkers Society remains active in Wisconsin: the Freethinkers' Hall at Sauk City.

Polish Association of Freethinkers (PAF) () is a secular movement established in 1907 in Warsaw. Polish Association of Freethinkers was the first such organization in the Polish lands.

Iowa Atheists and Freethinkers, Inc. (IAF) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization operating in the state of Iowa, United States. It is a social and educational group working to provide a community of support and friendship for atheists, freethinkers, secular humanists, agnostics, and other non-religious people.Official website of the Iowa Atheists and Freethinkers.

Important Swiss freethinkers were pedagogue Ernst Brauchlin, businessman Otto Kunz and writer Jakob Stebler; socialist intellectual Konrad Farner was connected to the association. In 2011, the Freethinkers Association of Switzerland had about 1800 members.

Freethinkers` Hall, also known as "Park Hall", is a meeting hall in Sauk City, Wisconsin. Designed by Alfred Clas, Freethinkers' Hall was built in 1884 for the local Freethinkers' congregation, or Freie Gemeinde. The congregation had been formed by German immigrants in 1852, and became the last extant Freethinker' congregation in North America. It affiliated with the American Unitarian Association in 1955.

The Freethinkers Society was an American organization founded as the Freethinkers' Society of New York in 1915. Later renamed, the society was behind a number of lawsuits seeking to ensure the separation of church and state.

While attending the school, he joined the Freethinkers of Portland State University.

The Freethinkers Association of Switzerland (FAS) is a Swiss nonprofit organisation for freethought. It is the result of the merger of several late 19th century and early 20th century local freethinkers associations throughout Switzerland into a national society, currently headquartered in Bern.

Freethinkers' Pinnacle Party or Summit of Freethinkers or Freethinkers Front (, Chekad-e Azadandishan) is an Iranian principalist political party founded in 2000, mostly by Islamic Azad University academics. They competed in the 2000 Iranian legislative election and were able to gain some success. In 2001 and 2005 presidential elections, they supported Abdollah Jassbi and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani respectively. In 2009 presidential election, the party did not support any candidates, but invited people to vote.

Samuels' Cave which is an important rock shelter among ancient people is located in Barre Mills. It is on the National Register of Historic Places. Barre Mills was also home to a Freethinkers Society. The Freethinkers Society hall is now the Barre town hall.

In 1922 he became active in the organization, Union of Freethinkers for Cremation, gaining an administrative position. He started the freethought publication "Der Freidenker" in 1925. In 1927 he was elected as chairman of the German Freethinkers League. By 1930 the organization boasted 600,000 members and took on the new name.

Joseph McCabe (1945). A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Freethinkers. Haldeman-Julius Publications. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

Filipino Freethinkers was founded by Ryan "Red" Tani. It was officially established on February 1, 2009 when members of the Filipino Freethinkers Yahoo! Group had their first meetup. The organization then began meeting-up regularly in coffee shops to discuss current events, politics, theology, science, and other topics related to secularism and freethought.

With the introduction of cantonal church taxes in the 1870s, anti- clericals began to organise themselves. Around 1870, a "freethinkers club" was founded in Zürich. During the debate on the Zürich church law in 1883, professor Friedrich Salomon Vögelin and city council member Kunz proposed to separate church and state. The Deutschschweizer Freidenker-Vereinigung ("German Swiss Freethinkers Association") was founded in 1908, merged with freethought groups in the Francophone region of Romandy and the Italian- speaking Canton of Ticino, and forged close ties to the freethought movement in Germany (see German Freethinkers League).

Thaddeus B. Wakeman, also known as T.B. Wakeman, was an American attorney, politician, editor and political philosopher. He graduated from Princeton University. Generally ascribed as a liberal freethought philosopher, he was a speaker at the 1878 Freethinkers' Convention at Watkins, New York.The Proceedings and Addresses at the Freethinkers' Convention held at Watkins, N.Y., pp. 373-381.

The same year, he was elected to the Telšiai city council. He was a board member of the Freethinkers' Society of Ethical Culture.

He has been one of the leading atheist freethinkers in Finland.Uskonnonfilosofia. He was the editor in chief of the Freethinkers Union's Vapaa Ajattelija magazine for several periods since 1969. In 1982–1983 as secretary general of the Union of Freethinkers his objective was get to Finland the teaching of the "elämänkatsomustieto" ("life stance education",Usein kysyttyjä kysymyksiä an alternative to religion teaching in schools), which indeed came true later. Hartikainen complained to the human rights committee of the United Nations from the curriculum of the comprehensive school subject of the "uskontojen historia ja siveysoppi" (history of religions and ethics) in 1978.

In 1928, Lewis incorporated The Freethinkers Society, renaming it "The Freethinkers of America" and becoming its president. In March 1930, at a luncheon honoring Philip J. Peabody, it was announced the society would move to legally force the Board of Education to eliminate the reading of the Bible in public schools. It was announced that Mayor Joseph Wheless, attorney for the association, would handle the case, with aid offered by Clarence Darrow, Arthur Garfield Hays and Stephen B. Vreeland. As of November 1935, Freethinkers of America had 30,000 members at $1 a year for membership, with Lewis still president.

Vrijdenkersvereniging De Vrije Gedachte (DVG) (English: Freethinkers association The Free Thought), is a Dutch atheist–humanist association of freethinkers. It was founded in 1856 and known by the name De Dageraad ("The Dawn") before assuming its present name in 1957. De Vrije Gedachte strives to use reason, natural science and logic to liberate humanity from prejudices, clerical paternalism, dogmas and false truths.

Smith, Warren Allen. (2000). Who's Who in Hell: A Handbook and International Directory for Humanists, Freethinkers, Naturalists, Rationalists, and Non-Theists. Barricade Books. p. 175.

The organization continued in the tradition of pre-war Polish Association of Freethinkers, a group which was dominated by Communist Party activists, academics, and journalists.

MAAF Color Guard posts the colors as Greg Graffin of Bad Religion sings the National Anthem at the Reason Rally, 24 March 2012, Washington, DC The Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers (MAAF) is a community for atheists and freethinkers in the military, both within the United States and from around the world. The MAAF can assist U.S. military members to respond to illegal and insensitive religious proselytizing on military bases. It is an independent 501(c)(3) organization building community for freethinkers and other nontheists in the military. The MAAF supports constitutional separation of church and state and First Amendment rights for all service members.

Max Sievers (11 June 1887 in Berlin – 17 January 1944 in Brandenburg an der Havel) was chairman of the German Freethinkers League, writer and active communist.

A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and Nations. London: Progressive Publishing Company. p. 215 He was a former Catholic who became anti- Christian.Shipley, Stan. (1983).

The coalition consisted of the Liberal Union, the Democratic Union, the People's Party and the Freethinkers' Party. This government came to be known as the "Ecumenical government".

Logan Mitchell (1802-1881) was a British freethinker and writer.Wheeler, Joseph Mazzini. (1889). A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and Nations. London: Progressive Publishing Company. p.

Warren Allen Smith (2000). Who's who in hell: a handbook and international directory for humanists, freethinkers, naturalists, rationalists, and non-theists. Barricade Books. p. 259. . Retrieved 4 February 2017.

The HV and Humanistische Omroep cooperated under the direction of Dorothée Forma to produce two documentaries on both groups: Among Nonbelievers (2015) and Non-believers: Freethinkers on the Run (2016).

Numerous complaints have been made against chaplains for mandatory prayers, coercion, and using government money to promote Evangelical Christianity.MAAF (2009). Military Atheists Agnostics and Freethinkers. Retrieved November 28, 2010LaGrone, S. (2008).

His most well known work was A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages (1889). He was vice-President of the National Secular Society."Joseph Mazzini Wheeler". Freedom From Religion Foundation.

He is also publishing English written blogs on his website. In 2015 he featured in the documentary Among Nonbelievers about the hardships of ex-Muslims, and spoke at the Human Rights Council in Geneva on the topic of blasphemy laws. In 2016, he featured in the follow-up documentary Non-believers: Freethinkers on the Run about the dismal situation of irreligious asylum seekers in Dutch refugee camps. In 2018 he published the book 'Nieuwe Vrijdenkers' ('New Freethinkers').

Among Nonbelievers (Dutch title: Onder Ongelovigen) is a 2015 bilingual English–Dutch documentary on the situation of endangered nonbelievers, especially ex-Muslims, around the world. Set in the United Kingdom, Turkey, the Netherlands and Switzerland, the film is directed by Dorothée Forma and produced by HUMAN with the support of the Dutch Humanist Association. In 2016, it was succeeded by Non-believers: Freethinkers on the Run, which dealt with the fate of apostates and freethinkers in Dutch refugee camps.

The German Freethinkers League ('Deutscher Freidenkerbund') was an organisation founded in 1881 by the materialist philosopher and physician Ludwig Büchner to oppose the power of the state churches in Germany. Its aim was to provide a public meeting-ground and forum for materialist and atheist thinkers in Germany. By 1885, the group had 5,000 members. The largest organization of its sort in Germany at the time, by 1933, the German Freethinkers League had a membership numbering some 500,000.

Volio also affirms to be in favor of the Female Suffrage to which Jiménez is opposed assuring that the women are not freethinkers and they will vote by who says the Church.

Who's Who in Hell: A Handbook and International Directory for Humanists, Freethinkers, Naturalists, Rationalists, and Non-theists. Barricade Books. p. 590. Jensen's theories were largely criticized by Biblical scholars and theologians.Clemen, Carl. (1908).

In 1958, the Freethinkers of America filed a suit over a hospital ban prohibiting birth-control therapy in New York city hospitals. Lewis died in 1968 after decades of activity with the organization.

Surveys show that Atheists, Agnostics and Freethinkers are the least trusted group of people. The primary purpose of Freethinking Atheist and Agnostic Kinship is to improve this image through activism and community service.

He was also able to fund the Freethinkers of America's annual deficit; as a result, said freethought historian Robert W. Morrell, "it became in effect his private fiefdom." A bulletin, The Freethinkers of America, was started by Lewis in 1928. In the 1940s it was renamed Freethinker and in the 1950s to its final name Age of Reason (named after Thomas Paine's book The Age of Reason). Contributors to the bulletin were, among others, William J. Fielding, Corliss Lamont and Franklin Steiner.

Freethought holds that individuals should not accept ideas proposed as truth without recourse to knowledge and reason. Thus, freethinkers strive to build their opinions on the basis of facts, scientific inquiry and logical principles, independent of any logical fallacies or intellectually limiting effects of authority, confirmation bias, cognitive bias, conventional wisdom, popular culture, prejudice, sectarianism, tradition, urban legend and all other dogmas. Regarding religion, freethinkers hold that there is insufficient evidence to scientifically validate the existence of supernatural phenomena.Hastings, James.

The Clark Adams Memorial Information Page He was also for a time president of the Humanist Association of Las Vegas and Southern Nevada, a chapter of the American Humanist Association. Shortly before his death, he became an AHA life member. Clark Adams is one of many American freethinkers listed in Warren Allen Smith's satirically titled book, Who's Who in Hell.Warren Allen Smith, Who's Who in Hell: A Handbook and International Directory for Humanists, Freethinkers, Naturalists, Rationalists, and Non-Theists, 2000, Barricade Books, p. 7.

Freethinkers in Rotterdam protest the 1930–31 census. In 1928, after the socialist VARA had refused cooperation, De Dageraad obtained radio airtime for the first time through the foundation of the Vrijdenkers Radio Omroepvereeniging (VRO, "Freethinkers Radio Broadcasting Association"). It grew remarkably, with its membership peaking at 9000 people in 1933, much more than the association itself and its magazine.Idem, p. 138. On 29 September 1928, the VRO was allowed to broadcast for the first time as an experiment, under supervision of a governmental commission.

Otto was born in Großschirma, Saxony on 23 October, 1874. His father was a railway official. In 1889 he started to train as teacher in Oschatz. Whilst there he became involved with the German Freethinkers League.

Mukto-Monais a Bengali Language blog for secularists, atheists, and freethinkers. It was founded by Avijit Roy who was subsequently killed by Islamists in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The attackers are believed to be members of Ansarullah Bangla Team.

Logo. The Union of Freethinkers of Finland (, )International Humanist and Ethical Union - Our members - Vapaa-ajattelijain liitto ry (the Union of Freethinkers of Finland) is the largest secularist and freethought organisation in Finland. The organisation supports the rights of those Finns who hold no religious affiliation, and promotes a science-based, rational and critical world view and humanistic ethics.Freethought in Finland, by Esa Ylikoski, General Secretary in Rationalist International Conference 23-24 April 2016 Tallinn. The organisation was founded in 1937 under the name the Union of Civil Register Associations ().

Humanist Society (Singapore) is registered in 2010 as a society in Singapore for humanists, freethinkers, atheists, agnostics and other like-minded people. The non-religious make up 17% of the Singapore population as of last available Census in 2010.

The Godless Americans March on Washington (GAMOW) occurred on the National Mall in Washington, DC, on November 2, 2002, with the participation of many atheists, freethinkers, agnostics and humanists. The public cable network C-SPAN documented the event on video.

Stephens' unmarked grave features prominently in the 2007 film Profit Motive and the Whispering Wind, a narration-less documentary in which filmmaker John Gianvito silently displays grave sites and historical locations of American freethinkers and leaders of American Radical political movements.

In 1909, Abella founded the National League of Women Freethinkers with Dr. Julieta Lanteri, and in 1910 Abella founded the National Women's League in La Plata, Argentina. This organisation supported women's suffrage, and was aligned with the International Woman Suffrage Alliance.

He was disfellowshipped from the SDA faith in 1913. Plainly displeased with the various branches of Christianity brought to the Philippines by foreign missionaries, Manalo began to mingle with a diverse crowd of atheists and freethinkers who had rejected organized religion.

The League was closed down in the spring of 1933, when Hitler outlawed all atheistic and freethinking groups in Germany. Freethinkers Hall, the national headquarters of the League, was then converted to a bureau advising the public on church matters.

In 2010 Staal realized the exhibitions Art, Property of PoliticsWebsite Jonas Staal Art, Property of Politics publication and Art, Property of Politics II: Freethinkers’ Space,Website Jonas Staal Art, Property of Politics II: Freethinkers’ Space publication in 2011 Art, Property of Politics III: Closed Architecture Publishing House Onomatopee Art, Property of Politics III: Closed Architecture and in 2012 Art, Property of Politics IV: Freethinkers' Space in which he researched the role of contemporary art in the political process. The first part took place in exhibition space TENT. in Rotterdam, during the municipal elections of 2010,Redactie Metropolis M (19-02-2010) 'Kunstenaars onderzoeken politieke propaganda', Metropolis M' in which he showed the artworks of all parties involved in the elections.Schröder, Rob; Staal, Jonas Art, Property of Politics documentary The second part took place in the Van Abbemuseum in Eindhoven, the Netherlands and existed of artworks that were selected by the liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie, VVD) and the far-right Party for Freedom (Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV) in their so-called ‘Freethinkers’ Space’: and exhibition space that the parties opened in Dutch parliament for artists that had dealt with religious (Islamic) censorship.

Rudolf Jaromír Pšenka, Czech author and playwright, editor of the Chicago Daily Svornost (Concord) from 1909 until his death in 1939. As the Paroubeks were not Catholics but freethinkers,"...the Bohemians stood out from other Eastern Europeans by the high proportion who proved indifferent to Catholicism or any other religion... in the United States, the free-thought movement broadened its base and embraced a large number of Bohemian workers as well... Bohemian freethinkers greatly outnumbered Bohemian Catholics in Chicago." Edward R. Kantowicz, "The Ethnic Church". In Ethnic Chicago: A Multicultural Portrait, Melvin G. Holli & Peter d'Alroy Jones, eds.

During the 2009 holiday season, IAF launched another bus campaign. The message of the ad was "Being good for goodness' sake".IAF official website. Iowa Atheists and Freethinkers Announces Winter Bus Campaign The ad did not generate much controversy and ran without incidents.

"Soldier alleges religious bias at Lakenheath". Retrieved November 28, 2010Military Religious Freedom Foundation (n.d.) Retrieved January 4, 2011Jones, W. (2010). "Air Force Academy Cites Progress In Tackling Religious Intolerance", Huffington Post, Retrieved November 28, 2010]Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers (n.

The radio commission did acknowledge the right of freethinkers to express their nonbelief in God, but also found their broadcasts were not allowed to be offensive to believers. Violation of this rule would result in censoring some passages or entire episodes.Idem, p. 139.

Moreover, his radical rejection of slavery is unique, even within his circle of Amsterdam freethinkers. Finally, Van den Enden's concern for social problems and his proposals for organized forms of solidarity, presumably influenced by Plockhoy, must be considered original for his time.

Robert Reitzel). Organisations included the New England Free Love League, founded with the assistance of American libertarian Benjamin Tucker as a spin-off from the New England Labor Reform League (NELRL). A minority of freethinkers also supported free love.Kirkley, Evelyn A. 2000.

"Many of the anarchists were ardent freethinkers; reprints from freethought papers such as Lucifer, the Light-Bearer, Freethought and The Truth Seeker appeared in Liberty...The church was viewed as a common ally of the state and as a repressive force in and of itself".

Maryam Namazie and Gita Sahgal (right) deliver the Freethinkers' Declaration at the International Conference on Freedom of Conscience and Expression in London 2017. Gita Sahgal is the executive director of the Centre for Secular Space and an honorary associate of the National Secular Society.

Furthermore, the Communists and Social Democrats, that included several self-declared freethinkers, appeared unwilling to attack religion in the House of Representatives, because they did not want to exclude themselves from forming a ruling coalition with the Roman Catholic State Party. To oppose the now more Christian politics, some freethinkers partook in several small anti-clerical and early Fascist protest parties, that initially looked up to Mussolini as 'the former socialist and religion-fighter'.Idem, p. 152. In 1920, the main board of De Dageraad refused to found a political party that was officially linked to the association, to prevent infighting within its ranks.

Who's Who in Hell: A Handbook and International Directory for Humanists, Freethinkers, Naturalists, Rationalists, and Non-Theists. Barricade Books. p. 754. It was printed several times under different titles, most notably by the Freethought Publishing Company in 1881. Mitchell was an advocate of the Christ myth theory.

Jason Torpy is president of the Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers (MAAF), an advocacy group focused on non-religious service members and veterans. He is a veteran of the U.S. Army and a Humanist Celebrant who works to increase the visibility of "atheists in foxholes".

In February 2009, Filipino Freethinkers was formed. Since 2011, the Philippine Atheists and Agnostics Society has held its OUT Campaigns in Rizal Park and Quezon Memorial Circle. Also it held two feeding programs "Good without Religion" in Bacoor, Cavite.Catholic Philippines gains its first atheist society . Freethinker.co.uk.

Unknown parties have threatened the Luzern public transport operator VBL to set their buses on fire if they carry such messages; VBL employees were also verbally harassed.Christen senden Hassbotschaften. Article in 20 Minuten of 18 February 2009. The Freethinkers' Association received hate email from radical Christians.

His novel Spotvogel appeared in 2009, after years of silence. Bouazza, an atheist, is known for his criticism of Islam. His sister Hassnae is a noted journalist. In 2014, the Dutch freethinkers association De Vrije Gedachte honoured him with the title of "Freethinker of the Year".

The community was sponsored by the Adelsverein, and founded on idealistic philosophies of European freethinkers of the day. It is notable for the community's camaraderie and mutually respectful relations with local indigenous tribes. Lack of a formal community framework caused Bettina to fail within a year of its founding.

This spirit pervaded Poland's Commission of National Education, which completed the reforms begun by the Piarist priest, Stanisław Konarski. The Commission's members were in touch with the French Encyclopedists and freethinkers, with d'Alembert and Condorcet, Condillac and Rousseau. The Commission abolished school instruction in theology, even in philosophy.Tatarkiewicz, Zarys..., p. 12.

In 1892 the Bohemian Catholic Church, Our Lady of Lourdes, was established at the corner of 15th & Keeler. In 1909 the Czech Freethinkers School, Frantisek Palacky, was built at 1525 S. Kedvale. The Merigold neighborhood was also known as Novy Tabor (New Camp) by the Czech immigrants who settled there.

As an academic publisher, Mettler & Salz was specialized in humanities natural sciences. The publishing house also served Georges Salz as a self-publishing house for his travel literature. Mettler & Salz published during 18 years the organ of the Freethinkers Association of Switzerland.Walter Schiess: Nachruf: Totentafel: Georg Salz in: Der Freidenker, vol.

Jacques Gillot (1550? – 1619) was a French priest and jurist, and reputed author, a Gallican opponent of the Society of Jesus. Gillot was a councillor- clerk of the Parlement de Paris, and also a canon of the Sainte-Chapelle. He was notorious for associating with freethinkers; the Queen called him "the Lutheran priest".

In 2011, Dillahunty was awarded the Atheist of the Year award, nicknamed the "Hitchie" for Christopher Hitchens, by Staks Rosch writing for Examiner.com. The award process involved Rosch's readers voting for nominees he selected. He received the 2012 Catherine Fahringer Freethinker of the Year Award from the Freethinkers Association of Central Texas.

He lived an upright life. He married Miss Lydia Michener and reared four children. He was an advocate of Abolitionism, also interested in language reform, and became involved with a number of radical freethinkers within Quakerism. In August 1844, he joined a group of about fifty utopian settlers in Wayne County, Indiana.

When Home was plotted in 1901 it had increased in size to and had become home to anarchists, communists, food faddists, freethinkers, nudists, and others who did not fit in with mainstream society. Elbert Hubbard, anarchist Emma Goldman, and national communist leader William Z. Foster visited and gave lectures.LeWarne, pp. 175-6, 199.

This work included lecture cycles. The League of Militant Atheists attempted to "control and exploit the Proletarian Freethinkers," a group founded by socialists in 1925, in order to diminish the influence of religion, particularly Catholic Christianity, in Central and Eastern Europe.Dennis J. Dunn. The Catholic Church and Russia: Popes, Patriarchs, Tsars, and Commissars.

Over the years, Lewis brought a series of lawsuits, generally unsuccessful, to challenge what he saw as violations of the separation of church and state. He publicized these suits in the pages of the Freethinkers of America's successive bulletins. He also challenged notable faith healers. Some of his other initiatives proved successful.

He was a central council member of Islamic Republican Party. Jassbi is also described as a "former Motalefeh advocate". He was regarded the spiritual leader of Freethinkers' Pinnacle Party. He was nominated as one of the candidates in 1993 presidential election and received 1,511,574 and lost the election to the Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.

There, she tried to start an atheist club, but her friends opposed the idea because they considered atheism and humanism to be "harmful, Eurocentric ideologies." She realized that all the faces she had seen in reference to humanism and atheism were of white men. She became a representative of Black Freethinkers in college.

The La Barre Monument was erected in 1907 by public subscription, in commemoration of the martyrdom of the Chevalier de La Barre. Located near the station, next to the bridge on the Somme canal, the is an annual rallying point, on the first Sunday of July, for defenders of secularism and freethinkers.

The Freethinkers' Party () was a Greek nationalist and monarchist party founded and led by Ioannis Metaxas who was the Prime Minister and dictator of Greece from 1936 to 1941.Peter Davies, Derek Lynch. The Routledge companion to fascism and the far right. London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 2002.

Company of Propagation of Secular Culture () is an association created in 1969 from the merger of the Association of Atheists and Freethinkers and the Association of Secular Schools (both founded in 1957), aimed at promoting and strengthening the secular culture. Close cooperated, among others, with the Central Personnel Center of Excellence inept.

The objectors said that while they supported Christian unity, they could not support the United Christian Front, as it was mainly concerned with the Spanish Civil War and "adopts a view of it which seems to us ill-founded". Ramsay became aware of a plan to hold a conference of freethinkers in London in 1938, which was being organised by the International Federation of Freethinkers. Together with his supporters in Parliament, he denounced this as a "Godless Conference", organised by a Moscow-based organisation. On 28 June 1938, he asked for permission to introduce as a Private Member's Bill the "Aliens Restriction (Blasphemy) Bill" to prohibit conference attendees from entering Britain; he won the vote by 165 to 134, but the bill went no further.

Atheistic propaganda. In the communist Poland Association of Atheists and Freethinkers worked well – supported by the authorities – and later also Society for the Promotion of Secular Culture, formed on its basis in 1969. On the other hand, some declared atheists were involved in the activities of the democratic opposition, like Jacek Kuroń, and Adam Michnik.

Vérone was born on June 20, 1874 in Paris, France. She served as secretary at the International Congress of Freethinkers when she was 15 years old. In 1903 she became the first woman to plead before French appeals court. She supported herself as a teacher, but was dismissed for her political opinions and unionizing activities.

Over the next twenty-five years, Perrier shared her apartment with over a hundred young artists and freethinkers of diverse nationalities. Under Perrier’s direction, soirées at R-26 increased in both frequency and scope, attracting members of the French leadership including former Prime Minister Alain Juppé.Clary, Michèle. “Marie-Jacques Perrier; Le Village de Montmartre, C’est Vous.” Paris Montmartre.

Propria Cures (Latin for "Mind your own business") is a Dutch satirical student newspaper, published biweekly in Amsterdam. Established in 1890, it is one of the oldest student newspapers in the Netherlands. It is principally concerned with Dutch literature, media and politics. Since its establishment, Propria Cures (colloquially, PC) has been a forum for freethinkers, bohemians and rising talents.

The civil marriage was made legal in Finland in 1917, by a separate act. Freethinkers were expecting a lot in 1922, laid down in the independent Republic of Finland uskonnonvapauslailta. The Act came into force at the beginning of 1923, and to allow citizens to belong to religious communities. Only this law also gave the atheists full civil rights.

Constitution § 11 guaranteed by the right to freedom of thought, to use the pre-school age into custody, which selects either religious education or ethics education. Freethinkers Association has criticized FOR A day-care centers for children aloud prayer ttamista. Free-thinkers, the rukoiluttaminen infringe the child's fundamental human rights within the freedom of thought, which must be respected.

London was an atheist. He is quoted as saying, "I believe that when I am dead, I am dead. I believe that with my death I am just as much obliterated as the last mosquito you and I squashed."Who's Who in Hell: A Handbook and International Directory for Humanists, Freethinkers, Naturalists, Rationalists, and Non-Theists.

Ateizm Derneği (English: Association of Atheism) is a Turkish non-profit organisation founded on 16 April 2014 for the promotion of the concept of atheism, and serves to support irreligious people and freethinkers in Turkey who are discriminated against based on their views. Ateizm Derneği is headquartered in Kadıköy, Istanbul. As of 2019, its president is Selin Özkohen.

The Freethinkers' Society of Ethical Culture ( or LEKD) was a Lithuanian society promoting freethought active from 1923 to 1941. Chaired by Jonas Šliūpas, it promoted non-religious policies in public life (e.g. established non-religious cemeteries and lobbied for civil registration). It published magazine Laisvoji mintis (Free Thought; 1933–1941) and separate books (mainly translated from foreign authors).

Islam is the official religion of Brunei, specifically that of the Sunni denomination and the Shafi‘i school of Islamic jurisprudence. Two-thirds of the population, including the majority of Bruneian Malays identify as Muslim. Other faiths practised are Buddhism (13%, mainly by the Chinese) and Christianity (10%). Freethinkers, mostly Chinese, form about 7% of the population.

His wife survived the attack. Roy was a naturalized U.S. citizen and founder of the influential Bangladeshi blog Mukto-Mona ("Freethinkers"). A champion of liberal secularism and humanism, Roy was an outspoken atheist and opponent of religious extremism. He was the author of ten books, the best known of which was a critique of religious extremism, Virus of Faith.

Emanuel Julius was born July 30, 1889, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of David Julius (né Zolajefsky), a bookbinder. His parents were Jewish emigrants who fled Odessa (then part of the Russian Empire) and emigrated to America to escape religious persecution.Susan Jacoby, Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2004; pg. 264.

Women in modern pre-Second Republic Spain were marginalized by society, with very few legal rights. Pre-1900s, the most important feminists were in Spain were Teresa Claramunt and Teresa Mañe, who drew inspiration from foreign feminists. Prior to the 1900, literacy rates for women were at 10%. Education for women was primarily being pushed by freethinkers.

Obituaries rather than confessional names are the Christian cross other pictorial motifs, in addition to the traditional toast to the flame logo free-thinkers such as Flowers and birds.Aurejärvi-Karjalainen 1999, s. 158. Secularist is in Finland a few private cemeteries. In 1999, Prometheus ceremonies Oy, whose partners are the Freethinkers Association was founded, Finnish Humanist Association and Prometheus Camp.

In 1914, Margaret Sanger launched The Woman Rebel, an eight-page monthly newsletter which promoted contraception using the slogan "No Gods, No Masters". Sanger insisted that every woman was the mistress of her own body. Women without superstition: No gods – No Masters! by Annie Laurie Gaylor is a collection of writings by women freethinkers during the 19th and 20th century.

The German Churches Under Hitler. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 241. One of the groups closed down by the Nazi regime was the German Freethinkers League. Christians appealed to Hitler to end anti-religious and anti-Church propaganda promulgated by Free Thinkers, and within Hitler's Nazi Party some atheists were quite vocal in their anti-Christian views, especially Martin Bormann.

Hirsch , Edward, 'A Poet's Glossary' 2014 Other members of the group were the poets Rurik Ivnev, Alexander Kusikov, Ivan Gruzinov, Matvey Royzman, and the prominent Russian dramatist Nikolay Erdman. In January 1919 they issued a manifesto, whose text was largely written by Shershenevich. Most of the imaginists were freethinkers and atheists. Imaginism had its main centres in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

The Romantic period encompasses the first half of the 19th century, a time of high political tension. The conservatives defended their privileges, but the liberals and progressives fought to supplant them. This opened the way for the laity and Freemasonry to enjoy great influence. Traditional Catholic thought defended itself against the freethinkers and the followers of the German philosopher Karl C. F. Krause.

Alfred Nobel himself was an atheist later in life. Shalev's book lists many Jewish atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers as religiously Jewish. For example, Milton Friedman, Roald Hoffmann, Richard Feynman, Niels Bohr, Élie Metchnikoff, and Rita Levi-Montalcini are listed as religiously Jewish; however, while they were ethnically and perhaps culturally Jewish, they did not believe in a God and self-identified as atheists.

Račkus was active in various Lithuanian societies. In 1912, he joined the Knights of Lithuania and became the co-founder and first editors of their magazine Vytis in 1915–1916. In 1916, he published and edited Laivamanių žiedai (Flowers of Freethinkers), a satirical newspaper that was merged with Žvirblis (Sparrow) in 1917. He was an officer of the in 1918–1919.

He was co-founder and chairman of the Association of Atheists and Freethinkers and of the Polish Association for Religious Studies (). He was the founder and editor-in-chief of the "Euhemer" magazine. He was the grandmaster of the Grand Orient of Poland in 1997–2002 and was a member of the committee of the Front of National Unity in 1958.

William Stewart Ross (1844-1906) wrote under the name of Saladin. He was associated with Victorian Freethinkers and the organization the British Secular Union. He edited the Secular Review from 1882; it was renamed Agnostic Journal and Eclectic Review and closed in 1907. Ross championed agnosticism in opposition to the atheism of Charles Bradlaugh as an open-ended spiritual exploration.

Following the defeat of Greek forces in Asia Minor, King Constantine was again forced into exile by the 11 September 1922 Revolution, this time led by Col. Nikolaos Plastiras. Metaxas moved into politics and founded the Freethinkers' Party on 12 October 1922. However, his association with the failed royalist Leonardopoulos-Gargalidis coup attempt in October 1923 forced him to flee the country again.

Mukto-Mona, meaning freethinkers in Bengali, was founded by Bangladeshi-American secular blogger Avijit Roy, who was based in Atlanta, United States. He created a Yahoo group titled Mukto- Mona 26 May 2001 which he made into a website next year. He was killed in February 2015 in Dhaka, Bangladesh by Islamist militants. His wife, Rafida Ahmed Bonya was injured in the attack.

Skeptics in the Pub (abbreviated SITP) is an informal social event designed to promote fellowship and social networking among skeptics, critical-thinkers, freethinkers, rationalists and other like-minded individuals. It provides an opportunity for skeptics to talk, share ideas and have fun in a casual atmosphere, and discuss whatever topical issues come to mind, while promoting skepticism, science, and rationality.

Ball was an organiser and spokesperson for the 2010 and 2012 Global Atheist Conventions held in Melbourne, Victoria. He presented at the 2012 convention with a talk titled A Fresh Generation of Freethinkers is Among Us. He was also the co-founder and President of the Freethought Student Alliance, a coalition of Australian atheist, secular, humanist and skeptic campus groups.

On 9 October 2015, the Swiss Freethinkers awarded the Freethinker Prize of 10,000 Swiss francs for the first time. It was bestowed upon Ensaf Haidar, Raif Badawi and Waleed Abulkhair for their brave efforts for humanist and secular values in Saudi Arabia. The Freethinker Prize is financed via a bequest, and will be awarded every other year in the future.

They also campaigned for civil and political rights, the rights of children (particularly illegitimate children), legalized divorce; and against alcoholism, prostitution, and gambling. Grierson presided over the First International Women’s Conference, organized by the AMUA. Grierson was an active supporter of the Argentine Freethinkers Association (AALP), which advocated rationalism, anticlericalism, a scientific approach to life, and full equality for women.

December 8, 1907 r., Delegates and the National Congress of Polish freethinking in Warsaw, established the Polish Association of Freethinkers. Among the participants-founders were social activists Aleksander Świętochowski and Ludwik Krzywicki. Association set itself the goal of fighting for the introduction of: secular standards of public life, secular metrics, secular wedding and funeral, and abolition of coercive religious education in schools.

Prabhuvinte Makkal is the debutant venture of Sajeevan Anthikkad, who has some previous experience in documentary films. The story is loosely based on the life of a real person, who was known for his atheist views. The film was blocked on YouTube on 11 February 2015. It was uploaded on YouTube on 8 January 2015 by the Kerala Freethinkers Forum, a rationalist and secularist group.

" The Globe and Mail described it as "passionate, timely but, ultimately, muddled plea for reform in Islam." Rizvi describes the meaning of the title as follows: "In the Muslim world, there are countless freethinkers, atheists and agnostics who cannot openly speak about their views. These are people who are irreligious in their minds, but they have to pretend to be Muslim. They all live a contradictory life.

Saine's main interest was in , the period between 1770 and 1830 in German literature, and he was a well-known scholar of Goethe and the culture of 18th-century Germany. In his time at Yale, he studied mostly Enlightenment authors, especially radical theologians and freethinkers. His thesis considered the aesthetics of Karl Philipp Moritz (1756–1793). In 1972, he published the first English biography of Georg Forster.

Group portrait at the 70th anniversary of De Dageraad in 1926. In the period 1903–1933, De Dageraad's membership grew from 613 to 2700, with 40 regional branches.God noch autoriteit, p. 55. At first, there existed a lot of mistrust amongst freethinkers regarding the parliamentary democracy, seeing the adoption of universal suffrage in 1917/1919 had significantly strengthened the position of confessionalist political parties.

DVG played an important role in rethinking sexual morality, promoting women's emancipation, and reducing the influence of the churches; it often partnered with the Dutch Society for Sexual Reform (NVSH) in sex education activities. In 1978, the association changed its full name to Vrijdenkersvereniging De Vrije Gedachte ("Freethinkers' association The Free Thought"). New bylaws were agreed upon that focused on atheism and collaboration with other humanist organisations.

Radical rule alienated group after group, diminishing the strength of the Republican Party. One critical element were the German Americans, who had voted 80 percent for Lincoln in 1860, and who strongly supported the war effort. They were a bastion of the Republican Party in St. Louis and other immigrant strongholds. The German Americans were angered by a proposed state constitution that discriminating against Catholics and freethinkers.

New York: Macmillan. p. 214 Another advocate of theistic finitism was Bright's student Peter Bertocci who proposed that "God is all-good but not all-powerful". Most finitists have held that God is personal, although a few such as Henry Nelson Wieman have stated God is impersonal. A minority of historical freethinkers and rationalists advocated a finite God in opposition to the God in Abrahamic religions.

Rastgou entered Islamic Consultative Assembly's 5th term in Malayer's 1997 by-election, defeating the incumbent Hassan Zamanifar. She was a sympathizer of Executives of Construction fraction at the time. In 2000 elections, she ran for a seat in Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr as Freethinkers' Pinnacle Party's candidate and was defeated. Backed by reformist 'Coalition For Iran', she was defeated in 2004 from the same district.

In 1851 Darwin was devastated when his daughter Annie died. By then his faith in Christianity had dwindled, and he had stopped going to church. Darwin's family tradition was nonconformist Unitarianism, while his father and grandfather were freethinkers, and his baptism and boarding school were Church of England. When going to Cambridge to become an Anglican clergyman, he did not doubt the literal truth of the Bible.

The core themes of the Humanist Party are science and education, the right of self-determination of the individual, and secularization. For example, the party supports the liberal and self-responsible use of drugs, supports legal voluntary euthanasia and is against circumcision of children. Currently, the Party of Humanists is the only party in Germany that specifically targets non-religious people, freethinkers, and atheists as voters.

After the failed revolts, many Freireligiöse went to the United States (where they were known as "Freethinkers") or moved to Canada and South Africa where they acted as missionaries. In 1852, Wisconsin had 32 congregations. Their influence lasted into the early part of the 20th century, but then began to falter. The influence and lasting effect of this German movement remains in the Midwest.

Here the founder Abraham Kuyper and his four co-professors gave their lectures. In 1883 the Scottish Missionary Church became too small for the quickly growing number of students and the university bought another building. In the first half of Twentieth Century the building was called Salvatori and was used as a meeting centre. The most various groups met here, from orthodox Protestants to leftist freethinkers.

An-Nahar provided a platform for various freethinkers to express their views during the years of the Syrian occupation of Lebanon. The paper can be best expressed as centre-left, though its writers' views range across the political spectrum. Journalist Charles Glass argues that An-Nahar is Lebanon's equivalent of The New York Times. Another Lebanese daily, As-Safir, is cited as the rival of An-Nahar.

He was the author of a thesis on Sebastian Castellio, in whom he saw a "liberal Protestant" in his image. Ferdinand Buisson was the president of the National Association of Freethinkers . In 1905, he chaired the parliamentary committee to implement the separation of church and state. Famous for his fight for secular education through the League of Education, he coined the term laïcité ("secularism").

He also took part in the battle of Gratsiani (now Agiochori), where the komitadji Todor Panitsa was exterminated. He also took part in both Balkan Wars, head of 100 soldiers in Pangaion Hills. With decisive actions he succeeded in liberating Pravi (now Eleftheroupoli) during the Second Balkan War. In 1936, he was elected Member of the Prefecture of Serres with the Freethinkers' Party of Ioannis Metaxas.

George Barlow (19 June 1847, in LondonWheeler, J. M., A biographical dictionary of freethinkers, 1889 – 1913 or 1914'Mr. George Barlow', The Times, 3 Jan. 1914, p. 11) was an English poet, who sometimes wrote under the pseudonym James Hinton. Barlow was the son of George Barnes Barlow, Master of the Crown Office,Miles, Alfred Henry, The Poets and the Poetry of the Nineteenth Century, 1906, p.

Soon Bradlaugh was introduced to George Holyoake, who organised Bradlaugh's first public lecture as an atheist. At the age of 17, he published his first pamphlet, A Few Words on the Christian Creed. However, refusing financial support from fellow freethinkers, he enlisted as a soldier with the Seventh Dragoon Guards hoping to serve in India and make his fortune. Instead he was stationed in Dublin.

Edward Carpenter (29 August 1844 - 28 June 1929) was an English socialist poet, philosopher, anthologist, and early activist for gay rightsWarren Allen Smith: Who's Who in Hell, A Handbook and International Directory for Humanists, Freethinkers, Naturalists, Rationalists, and Non-Theists, Barricade Books, New York, 2000, p. 186; . and animal rights. He was a noted advocate for vegetarianism and against vivisection, topics on which he wrote extensively.

A Latin settlement (German: Lateinische Kolonie) is a community founded by German immigrants to the United States in the 1840s. Most of these were in Texas, but there were "Latin Settlements" in other states as well. These German intellectuals, so-called freethinkers and "Latinists" (German "Freidenker" and "Lateiner"), founded these communities in order to devote themselves to German literature, philosophy, science, classical music, and the Latin language.

A group of activists associated with the old leadership had left the organization and set up in 1926 Polish Association of Free Thought. In 1928. The administrative authorities resolved the Polish Association of. Most of Freethinkers the activists of the banned PAFT joined the Polish Association of Free Thought, which eventually began to refer to leftist slogans, which led to its outlawing in 1936.

Cyprian Koscielniak, a Pole by birth, drew on his fifteen years of experience as an illustrator in a country with a communist regime. Naturally, he said, he was not in favor of censorship. de Volkskrant on May 28, 2008 informed us that the liberal VVD party would be turning its parliament offices into an art gallery for 'freethinkers'. Gregorius Nekschot had agreed to an exhibition.

Roy was the founder of the Bangladeshi Mukto-Mona (freethinkers) website which was one of the nominees of The Bobs (Best of Blogs) Award in the Best of Online Activism category. The site published death threats that author Humayun Azad had received before he was assassinated. Mukto-Mona began as a Yahoo group in May 2001, but became a website in 2002. Roy described his writing as "taboo" in Bangladesh.

Antonius Jacobus Leonardus (Anton) van Hooff (born 1943) is a Dutch historian of antiquity, author and a former docent. From 2009 until 2015, he chaired the freethinkers association De Vrije Gedachte. In 1971, Van Hooff graduated with the dissertation Pax romana: een studie van het Romeinse imperialisme ("Pax Romana: a Study of Roman Imperialism"). Until 2008, Van Hooff was docent in ancient history at the Radboud University Nijmegen.

Sartre at 70: An interview Full text of the interview in which the author gives his opinion in the New York Review of Books. Actual question (at beginning of Part II) is "And which of your works do you hope to see the new generation take up again?"Infidels, Freethinkers, Humanists, and Unbelievers Sartre after Literature ¶ 3. Typical of the secondary sources referring to the actual text in the interview.

Helen and Edwin Kagin in the 1990s Edwin Frederick Kagin (November 26, 1940 – March 28, 2014) was an attorney at law in Union, Kentucky, and a founder of Camp Quest, the first secular summer camp in the United States for the children of secularists, atheists, agnostics, brights, skeptics, naturalists and freethinkers. He served as the National Legal Director of American Atheists from 2006 until his death in 2014.

Many freethinkers, democrats, and Horthy-era dignitaries were secretly arrested and extrajudicially interned in domestic and foreign Gulags. Some 600,000 Hungarians were deported to Soviet labor camps, where at least 200,000 died. 1956 Revolution; Times Man of the Year for 1956 was the Hungarian Freedom Fighter After Stalin's death in 1953, the Soviet Union pursued a program of destalinization that was inimical to Rákosi, leading to his deposition.

Secor was a staunch Freethinker, opposing organized religion. His parents were once Roman Catholic, but lost faith in the Church and became Freethinkers as well, which supposedly influenced Secor's spiritual skepticism. In 1907, Secor ran for another mayoral term, but lost to Alex Horlick, a Republican. The defeat resulted in his retirement from politics, but he remained active in producing new patents and designs for his trunks until his death.

From titles that are attributed to him, this issue comes to mind that one of the main issues between the Shiite scholars and Mo'tazeli was the pontification on that era. The debates, was considered the most prominent of his activities. There is several listed debates that referred to Mo'mean al-Tagh, For example, a debate with Khawarij and with Ibn abi al-O'ja'e that known as stubborn freethinkers.

At this time, he was a student at the University of California at Berkeley for three years. Financial constraints and his political radicalism made him move on to Stanford University, from where he earned a graduate degree in metaphysics in 1914. He socialised with leftists, anarchists and freethinkers and became aware of the plight of the underclass, the white middle class, Negroes and other East Asian immigrant groups.

Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1998. 78. Print. This undated photo from the early 1950s shows the Robert Green Ingersoll birthplace prior to its 1954 restoration by Lewis's organization. The man and woman are Arthur and Ruth Cromwell, husband-and-wife freethinkers from Rochester, New York, who served as Lewis's primary agents for much of the restoration work. Their daughter, Vashti McCollum, had been the plaintiff in McCollum v.

Colman visited President Abraham Lincoln (together with Sojourner Truth). In 1878, at the New York State Freethinkers' Association Convention in Watkins Glen, she arranged bail for one of the associates of D. M. Bennett who were selling a marriage reform and birth control tract and were arrested. She then got the charges dropped against them all. In 1880 she spoke at that very same convention, together with Robert Green Ingersoll.

Joseph Edamaruku (7 September 1934 – 29 June 2006), popularly identified by his surname Edamaruku, was a journalist and rationalist from Kerala. He was the Delhi Bureau chief of the Malayalam magazine Keralasabdam for more than twenty years, and the founder-editor of Therali, a rationalist periodical in Malayalam. He was president of the Indian Rationalist Association from 1995 to 2005. Joseph Edamaruku influenced a generation of freethinkers in 1970s and 1980s.

At the third congress of the PAFT in 1925. It made a split in the organization's supporters and liberal enlightenment tradition led by Jan Baudouin de Courtenay and Joseph Landau, and supporters of Marxism. Seized power a group of left-wing activists with Jan Hempel, for which the earlier demands of the movement were too liberal. The Association began to emphasize threads anticlerical and atheistic, acceded to the International Proletarian Freethinkers.

In 1873 he established the first kindergarten of the academy, and instituted instruction in singing, gymnastics, and drawing, as well as helping to found the Wisconsin Natural History Society. The collection of this institution was transferred to the Milwaukee Public Museum in 1882. Engelmann was also active in several organizations of freethinkers, wrote numerous articles, and lectured before liberal and scientific societies.Engelmann, Peter 1823 - 1874, Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison, United States.

The national constitution of 1919 determined that the newly formed Weimar Republic had no state church, and guaranteed freedom of faith and religion. Earlier, these freedoms were mentioned only in state constitutions. Protestants and Catholics were equal before the law, and freethought flourished. The German Freethinkers League attained about 500,000 members, many of whom were atheists, before the organisation was shut down by the Nazis in May 1933.

Freethought is a philosophical viewpoint that holds that opinions should be formed on the basis of science, logic, and reason, and should not be influenced by authority, tradition, or other dogmas. Freethinkers strive to build their opinions on the basis of facts, scientific inquiry, and logical principles, independent of any logical fallacies or intellectually limiting effects of authority, confirmation bias, cognitive bias, conventional wisdom, popular culture, prejudice, sectarianism, tradition, urban legend, and all other dogmas.

Over two thousand atheists, freethinkers, agnostics and humanists gathered in a mile-long parade down The Mall to rally for several causes, including civil rights, church-state separation and a greater voice in the national political process. Ellen Johnson, a former president of American Atheists and director of the Godless Americans March On Washington Task Force, announced at the event the formation of the Godless Americans Political Action Committee (GAMPAC), later renamed Enlighten the Vote.

Many of the community's earliest settlers were German immigrants who were members of freethinker societies. One prominent freethinker was Joachim Heinrich Thien, for whom the village is named. Thien played a significant role in the Town of Mequon's early politics and organized the Thiensville Volunteer Fire Department. The freethinkers were opposed to organized religion and actively prevented churches from being established in the community for the first eight decades of its history.

Legal challenges were suspended until a replacement monument could be installed. The new version, with protective concrete bollards, was unveiled April 27, 2018. The monument was again challenged by the ACLU, the Arkansas Society of Freethinkers, and The Satanic Temple. The Satanic Temple had successfully challenged a similar monument in Oklahoma in 2015, and in both locations has offered to install a bronze monument to Baphomet as a symbol of religious pluralism and freedom.

She has also spoken out publicly against Sharia law and supported the One law for all campaign against Sharia law in the United Kingdom, launched at the House of Lords, London, in 2008. Eggerickx was also involved in launching The Freedom of Thought Report, published annually since 2012 on International Human Rights Day, which examines the treatment of non-religious people, atheists and freethinkers across the member states of the United Nations.

On his return, Metaxas moved into politics and founded the Freethinkers' Party, but had only limited success under the Hellenic Republic. The Greek monarchy was restored in 1935, and Metaxas was appointed Prime Minister in April 1936. On 4 August 1936, with the support of King George II, Metaxas initiated a self-coup and established an authoritarian, nationalist and anti-communist regime. Metaxas attempted to maintain Greek neutrality early in the Second World War.

Douglas Krueger is an American philosopher, academic and author. He is best known as a proponent of atheism and an advocate of skepticism regarding supernatural and paranormal claims. Krueger has been a featured speaker at numerous atheist and humanist conventions and gatherings and is a co-founder of the Fayetteville Freethinkers, a secular humanist organization in Fayetteville, Arkansas. His book, What is Atheism: A Short Introduction, is a critique of religious belief, especially Christianity.

In February 2018, Ngo and his student group Freethinkers of PSU invited former Google engineer James Damore, the author of a Google diversity memo, to speak on the campus. According to Ngo, his group was threatened with violence and were intimidated by antifa protesters, but this claim has been disputed. He later stated that antifa protesters did not disrupt the event. During the event, a portion of the audience walked out in protest against Damore.

The Swiss Freethinkers' Association planned to put the statement "Wahrscheinlich gibt es keinen Gott. Kein Grund zur Sorge, geniess das Leben!" onto one public bus in ten cities of Switzerland. The campaign is a reaction to billboards with Bible quotes such as "I believe that Jesus Christ is God's son" or "Jesus is the light of life". The stated goal of the campaign was to give people a voice who feel harried by missionary messages.

East European Conference in Bucharest, Romania in 2015. Young Humanists International is the international umbrella organisation for Humanist youth organisations. Its primary mission is to bring into active association youth groups and young humanist individuals throughout the world interested in promoting humanism, as is described in the IHEU Amsterdam Declaration 2002. Young Humanists International brings together people aged 18–35 who describe themselves as humanists, atheists, agnostics, freethinkers, skeptics and similar views.

Little Blue Books are a series of small staple-bound books published from 1919 through 1978 by the Haldeman-Julius Publishing Company of Girard, Kansas. They were extremely popular, and achieved a total of 300-500 million booklets sold over the series' lifetime.pg 265 of Susan Jacoby's Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism, 2004, , . Published by Henry Holt and Company; cover design John Candell A Big Blue Book range was also published.

Bowes was an earnest and vigorous platform speaker, ever ready to combat with socialists, freethinkers, or Roman Catholics. He additionally advocated temperance and peace. In 1848, Bowes was one of the representatives of England at the Brussels Peace congress. During the greater portion of his life, Bowes refused to accept a salary for his ministrations, and he seems to have supported himself and family chiefly by the sale of his own tracts and books.

At about this time she began meeting a group of exiled French freethinkers and republicans in the town. One of these was Pascal Duprat, a former French deputy living in exile, who taught political science at the Académie de Lausanne (later the university) and edited two journals. He was 15 years older than Royer and married with a child. He was later to become her lover and the father of her son.

France remained basically Catholic. The 1872 census counted 36 million people, of whom 35.4 million were listed as Catholics, 600,000 as Protestants, 50,000 as Jews and 80,000 as freethinkers. The Revolution failed to destroy the Catholic Church, and Napoleon's concordat of 1801 restored its status. The return of the Bourbons in 1814 brought back many rich nobles and landowners who supported the Church, seeing it as a bastion of conservatism and monarchism.

They were a leading producer of Mission style products. Hubbard's second wife, Alice Moore Hubbard, was a graduate of the New Thought-oriented Emerson College of Oratory in Boston and a noted suffragist. The Roycroft Shops became a site for meetings and conventions of radicals, freethinkers, reformers, and suffragists. Hubbard became a popular lecturer, and his homespun philosophy evolved from a loose William Morris-inspired socialism to an ardent defense of free enterprise and American know-how.

Filipino Freethinkers (also known as FF) is the largest and most active organization for freethought in the Philippines. It aims to promote reason, science, and secularism as a means of improving every Filipino's quality of life. FF is active in the secularism movement, working to promote the passage of the Reproductive Health Bill. They also fight for equal rights for women and the LGBT community, and have been regular participants in Metro Manila Pride March events since 2010.

Bierut in around 1927 In 1922–25, Bierut was a member of the Cooperative Department of the KPRP Central Committee. He worked as a bookkeeper and was active in Warsaw at the Polish Association of Freethinkers. In August 1923, he was sent for party work in the Dąbrowa Basin, to manage the Workers' Food Cooperative. He lived in Sosnowiec, where he brought his wife and daughter and where he experienced the first of his many arrests.

Protest rally against antisemitism and persecution of Jews in 1935. De Dageraad earned notability through its broadcasts, creating opposition especially from Catholic organisations, who vainly tried to have the association banned. However, in 1932 the confessionalist majority in parliament adopted a blasphemy law which, although primarily aimed against Communists, also seriously limited the activities of freethinkers. The following year, civil servants were barred from membership of De Dageraad, and the association's writing were banned from public buildings.

Freethinkers strive towards the common happiness of humanity, not just that of themselves. To achieve this, in the first 150 years of its existence De Vrije Gedachte fought for freedom of expression, separation of church and state, the possibility of cremation, raising and educating children free of religious dogmas, broadening the options for divorce and the rights of labourers. Simultaneously, it protested against 'repressive' religions and churches, the double sexual standard, militarism, antisemitism, fascism and an authoritarian government.

With Alarm and Arthur Lehning's work, De Moker reinvigorated anarchist thought in the 1920s and 1930s. After the group's end, many participants remained active in the anarchist, antimilitarist, and Freethinkers movements. Many of them participated in the partisan resistance against the Nazi occupation during the Second World War, hiding Jews or carrying out acts of sabotage. Some of them, such as Jo de Haas, were executed by the Nazis, while others survived and remained active in the following decades.

The Rationalist Association, originally the Rationalist Press Association, is an organization in the United Kingdom, founded in 1885 by a group of freethinkers who were unhappy with the increasingly political and decreasingly intellectual tenor of the British secularist movement. The purpose of the Rationalist Press Association was to publish literature that was too anti- religious to be handled by mainstream publishers and booksellers. The Rationalist Press Association changed its name to "The Rationalist Association" in 2002.

Shimek allowed the Hall to be used to hold Knights of Labor meetings for working-class Czech tailors and garment workers. In 1884, the Grand Lodge Č.S.P.S. of Baltimore constructed the Bohemian National Cemetery, a cemetery for irreligious and Protestant Czechs and Slovaks. While the majority of Baltimore's Bohemians were Catholic, the Czech-Slovak Protective Society was largely composed of secular and religious freethinkers. The cemetery served as an alternative to the Catholic cemeteries where other Bohemians were buried.

Satanic Temple cleared to enter the 10 Commandments lawsuit Arkansas Times December 18, 2018. The monument is being challenged as unconstitutional by the American Civil Liberties Union. The ACLU says that the monument demonstrates a religious preference, violating the First Amendment and the religious preference prohibition clause of the Arkansas State Constitution. The Freedom from Religion Foundation, the American Humanist Association, and the Arkansas Society of Freethinkers are also involved in litigation to challenge the monument.

The society was founded in 1915. In January 1920, under the auspices of the Freethinkers' Society, Thomas Wright lectured in New York on Nietzsche and Thomas Paine in Manhattan. The society was behind a number of lawsuits seeking to ensure the separation of church and state. In 1925, the society was suing Mount Vernon, New York to stop school authorities from requiring children to attend religious services, with the case picked up as important by attorney Clarence Darrow.

Maria Deraismes Annie Besant in Masonic regalia On 14 January 1882, Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in Loge Libre Penseurs (Freethinkers Lodge), in Le Pecq, just outside Paris. Deraismes was a well known writer and campaigner for democracy, women's rights, and the separation of church and state. Her lodge, on 9 January, had seceded from la Grande Loge Symbolique Ecossaise in order to initiate her. She then resigned, to enable her lodge to rejoin their previous jurisdiction.

While primarily used to comment on the experiences of combat soldiers, the aphorism has been adapted to other perilous situations, as in "There are no atheists in Probate court". Although the adage occasionally means that all soldiers in combat are "converted" under fire, it is most often used to express the belief of the speaker that all people seek a divine power when they are facing an extreme threat."Report on Chaplains." Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers.

Malacia has a legendary curse that it can never progress or change, which is enforced by a powerful Supreme Council, which also eliminates heretics and other freethinkers. The craftsman Otto Bengtsohn, though, defies the anti-progress edicts and invents a type of early photography. Bengtsohn uses the camera to make slides of a play, which is funded by the powerful and wealthy Andrus Hoytola. De Chirolo falls in love with Hoytola's daughter, Armida, who is acting in the play.

As a graduate student at Washington University, Grothe became involved with a student freethought group there called WULF, the Washington University League of Freethinkers, as well as the Council for Secular Humanism. This second group was affiliated with The Center for Inquiry, and served as an entry point into this organization. Grothe was a member of the Center for Inquiry for ten years. From 2005 until 2009 he hosted Point of Inquiry, the official podcast of the organization.

Lewis maintained rigid control over the Freethinkers of America, leading several honorary vice presidents to resign in frustration. After his death on November 4, 1968, the organization foundered. "It had become too much an extension of Lewis himself," wrote Robert Morrell. The mid twentieth century – specifically, the period from George MacDonald's retirement as editor of The Truth Seeker in 1937 until the rise of Madalyn Murray O'Hair in 1963 – was a fallow period in American freethought.

The story was picked up nationally. As a result, the paper company canceled Evans' scholarship, and Evans contacted Joseph Lewis, president of the Freethinkers Society, and Lewis threatened the paper company with a lawsuit if the scholarship were dropped. The scholarship stayed in place, with Evans switching to a major in political science. Evans withdrew from Brown and moved to Greenwich Village in 1963, which he later described as the best move he ever made in his life.

Onciul and Lupu were elected to the regional Diet in the by-elections of June 1903, allegedly with a mixture of Romanian and Ukrainian votes.Cocuz, p. 318 Also in 1903, the PȚD leader established in Vienna a trans-ethnic League for Electoral Reform, which became in June 1904 the Liberal Alliance or Freisinnige Verband ("Freethinkers' Alliance"). Its other leaders were: Staucher, the German Arthur Skedl, the Romanian Ukrainophile Nikolai von Wassilko, and the "Young Ukrainian" Stepan Smal- Stotskyi.

Association of Atheists and Freethinkers ( [SAIWA]) is a non-governmental organization founded in 1957 that aims to actively participate in the process of secularization of Polish society. The group is active in popularizing scientific knowledge about religion, creating a Polish secular culture and secular ethics as well as in promoting the rationalistic and materialistic view of the world, and working to limit the place of clericalism.Praca zbiorowa, Polska Ludowa. Słownik encyklopedyczny, Wiedza Powszechna Warszawa 1965; pg. 351.

For this reason the Dresden building has been celebrated by freethinkers since shortly after his death. Upon Ingersoll's death in 1899, his brother-in-law and official publisher Charles P. Farrell launched the Dresden Publishing Company, named for the village of his birth, to publish a multi-volume set of Ingersoll's collected works. When published in 1900, the first volume bore an engraving of the birthplace. The birthplace has been restored and opened as an Ingersoll museum three times.

A number of contributors to Liberty were prominent figures in both freethought and anarchism. The individualist anarchist George MacDonald was a co-editor of Freethought and for a time The Truth Seeker. E.C. Walker was co-editor of Lucifer, the Light- Bearer.Wendy McElroy "The culture of individualist anarchist in Late- nineteenth century America" Many of the anarchists were ardent freethinkers; reprints from freethought papers such as Lucifer, the Light-Bearer, Freethought and The Truth Seeker appeared in Liberty.

One of his later dramas, König Enzio, was set to music by Johann Joseph Abert. As an adherent of socialism he became conspicuous, in 1871, through his opposition to the Franco-Prussian War, and his publications Patriotismus and Frömmigkeit obtained a wide circulation. In 1882 he founded in Stuttgart the first society of freethinkers in Germany, and during the last years of his life devoted his pen principally to the discussion of the radical side of religio-philosophical subjects.

The charge of being a zandaqa was a serious one, and it could cost the accused his/her life.. A history of the time states cites the "Spiller" caliph Abu al-'Abbas as having said "tolerance is laudable, except in matters which are dangerous to religious belief, or matters which are dangerous to the sovereign's dignity." The third Abbasid caliph, Al-Mahdi, ordered the composition of polemical works that were to be used to refute the beliefs of freethinkers and other heretics, and for years, he attempted to completely exterminate them, hunting them down and exterminating freethinkers in large numbers, putting anyone who was merely suspected of being a zindiq to death.. Al-Mahdi's successors, the caliphs al-Hadi and Harun al-Rashid, continued the pogroms, although they occurred with diminished intensity during the reign of the latter and were later ended by him. In turn this policy influenced the Mihna policy of al-Ma'mun which targeted those Muslim religious scholars and officials who refused to accept the doctrine of the created nature of the Quran.

Woleński is active in Poland's atheist movement. In the 1960s he was a member of the government-sponsored Association of Atheists and Freethinkers, and since 2007 he is a member of the Honorary Committee of the Polish Rationalist Association. He is widely recognized in Poland as an atheist and has promoted the replacement of religion classes with philosophy classes in Polish schools. Woleński is involved in the secular Jewish movement, writing on the common Polish-Jewish past and on today's Polish- Jewish relations.

While the well-known Christian Hebraist Johann Christoph Wagenseil attempted an elaborate refutation of Abraham's arguments, Wagenseil's Latin translation of it only increased interest in the work and inspired later Christian freethinkers. Chizzuk Emunah was praised as a masterpiece by Voltaire. On the other hand, Blaise Pascal believed that "[t]he prophecies are the strongest proof of Jesus Christ". He wrote that Jesus was foretold, and that the prophecies came from a succession of people over a span of four thousand years.

Following his departure from the governorship, Olson returned to law. He regained the public spotlight again in the 1950s, when the Legislature voted to exempt Catholic schools from real estate taxes. Olson filed an amicus curiae brief to the state Supreme Court, asking the court to explain how the state's exemption of a religious organization from civil taxes was constitutional. In 1957, Olson became president of the United Secularists of America, a body made up of secularists, atheists, and freethinkers.

Art Machine is a 2012 comedy film written and directed by Doug Karr and starring Joseph Cross, Jessica Szohr, and Joey Lauren Adams. At age six, child prodigy painter Declan Truss was propelled into the art world as a rare marvel, but by seventeen, the tightrope of notoriety is catching up with him. Declan seeks inspiration as the immense pressures of an impending coming-of- age exhibition loom. His world expands when he stumbles on a commune of rebellious freethinkers.

Mariano Sozzini Mariano Sozzini il giovane also Socini (1482–1556) was an Italian jurist after whom the cautela sociniana is named. He was descended from Mariano Sozzini the elder (1397–1467) the first of the family of freethinkers. Mariano the younger was born in Siena. He married Agnese Petrucci and had seven sons including Celso Sozzini, Lelio Sozzini, and Alessandro Sozzini, who died young, but was father of Fausto Sozzini, became the figurehead of the Unitarian "Socinian" movement in Poland.

DVG joined the Humanistische Alliantie ("Humanist Alliance"), a national umbrella for humanist organisations founded in 2001, but because they found this coalition much too postmodernist and moderate, the freethinkers were hardly involved in its activities. Under chairship of Anton van Hooff, who opined that the 'combativeness against religion and other unscientific quackery' is threatening to disappear with the 'softened' humanist groups, they left the Alliantie in 2014, and instead sought to work with amongst others Stichting Skepsis and the Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij.

De Vrije Gedachte aims to fight against dogma, prejudice and an unscientific attitude. At its foundation in 1856, its members still sought the guidance of a kind of natural theology, in the 1920s they had progressed to a positivist-empiricist view of the world. In the course of the 20th century, the realisation grew that freethinkers themselves do not "own" reason and truth either, and in the 21st century ontological and ethical judgements are starkly viewed in the light of tentativeness and conditionality.

During the middle to late 19th century, Long Lake developed like many other towns. A sawmill was erected (1866), the railroad reached Long Lake (1868), a school district was organized (1869), a general store was started (1870), the Freethinkers Hall was organized (1874), a flour mill was established (1875), and a hotel was added (1875). These institutions were all-important elements to early town development in the Upper Midwest. The late 1890s – early 1900s became known as the berry years in Long Lake.

Furthermore, her 1997 book, Women Without Superstition: "No Gods, No Masters", was the first collection of the writings of historic and contemporary female freethinkers. She has also written several articles on religion's harm to women. Other notable atheist feminists active today include Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Ophelia Benson, Amanda Marcotte, and Taslima Nasrin. and Sikivu Hutchinson author of Moral Combat, Black Atheists, Gender Politics and the Values Wars, the first book by an African-American woman on atheism, racial politics, gender justice and feminism.

New Pilgrim Baptist Church on North Washington Street, the former location of Mount Tabor Bohemian Methodist Episcopal Church, May 2019. Czech-Americans in Baltimore have largely been either Roman Catholics or freethinkers, while small but significant minorities have been Protestant or Jewish. The most prominent Roman Catholic organization has been St. Wenceslaus and the most prominent freethought organization has been the Grand Lodge Č.S.P.S. of Baltimore. The Czech-Slovak Protective Society was founded by secular Czech-Americans and promoted freethought and liberal values.

Alongside the established churches, Germany had seen a few important movements emerge with a liberated attitude towards religion. In 1859 the German Association of Free Religion Societies (Bund Freireligiöser Gemeinden Deutschlands) was founded. This was followed in 1881 by the German Association of Freethinkers (Deutscher Freidenkerbund), and in 1906 the German Association of Monists (Deutscher Monistenbund). Drews threw in his lot with both the Free Religion Association and the Monist Association, which were part of the Free Religion Movement (Freireligiöse Bewegung).

Born in Berlin, Sredzki was a lathe operator and in 1918, he joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD). In 1920, he joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). He worked in leading positions in leftwing organizations, such as member of the Reich leadership of the League of Proletarian Freethinkers and leader of the Federation of the Friends of the Soviet Union, Berlin District. After Adolf Hitler and the Nazis seized power in Germany, Sredzki was active in the resistance struggle.

Freethought is a philosophical viewpoint that holds opinions should be formed on the basis of logic, reason and empiricism, rather than authority, tradition, or other dogmas. The cognitive application of freethought is known as "freethinking" and practitioners of freethought are known as "freethinkers". Argument from authority (Latin: argumentum ab auctoritate) is a common form of argument which leads to a logical fallacy when misused. In informal reasoning, the appeal to authority is a form of argument attempting to establish a statistical syllogism.

Visiting New York City professor Albert Leighton Rawson took an interest in this outcropping of rocks. Rawson (1829–1902) was a historian, writer and spiritualist who was the author of many late 19th century religious tracts and books including Evolution of Israel's God. He had participated in and organized outdoor religious meetings set among areas of striking natural and geological beauty in New York, most notably the 1878 Watkins Glen Freethinkers Convention. Intrigued by the Chatata site, he funded excavations there.

The Gimnasio Moderno is a private all-male Elite-traditional and liberal, primary and secondary school located in Bogotá, Colombia. It was founded in 1914 by various prestigious Colombians following the leading initiative of Don Agustín Nieto Caballero. Some of the remarkable personalities who acted as co- founders of this New School (Escuela Nueva) were: Don José María Samper Brush, Don Daniel Samper Ortega, Don Tomás Rueda Vargas, and Ricardo Lleras Codazzi. These gentlemen were predominant freethinkers at the time in Colombia.

The Egyptian-owned news website Islam Online has purchased land in Second Life to allow Muslims and non-Muslims alike to perform the ritual of Hajj in virtual reality form, obtaining experience before actually making the pilgrimage to Mecca in person. Second Life also offers several groups that cater to the needs and interests of humanists, atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers. One of the most active groups is SL Humanism which has been holding weekly discussion meetings inside Second Life every Sunday since 2006.

James McMillan, "Catholic Christianity in France from the Restoration to the separation of church and state, 1815-1905." in Sheridan Gilley and Brian Stanley, eds. The Cambridge history of Christianity (2014) 8: 217-232.Nigel Aston, Religion and revolution in France, 1780-1804 (Catholic University of America Press, 2000) pp 279-335 France remained basically Catholic. The 1872 census counted 36 million people, of whom 35.4 million were listed as Catholics, 600,000 as Protestants, 50,000 as Jews and 80,000 as freethinkers.

Treue der Union monument in Comfort Steves' Hygieostatic Bat Roost Former Comfort State Bank, now the Comfort Heritage Foundation Close-up of Hotel Faust on High Street in Comfort Peter Joseph Ingenhuett (1833-1923) was a businessman and postmaster in the early years of Comfort. His restored house preserves 19th century history. Christmas is observed in Comfort with a nativity scene at Comfort Park. The town square at Christmas Comfort was established in 1854 by German immigrants, who were Freethinkers and abolitionists.

After some controversy, a cenotaph honoring "the Founding Freethinkers" was dedicated on November 2, 2002. The downtown area is possibly one of the most well-preserved historic business districts in Texas. There are well over 100 structures in the area dating back to the 19th century, and seven of them were designed by the noted architect Alfred Giles. Mr. Giles lived in San Antonio, and he would ride horses, the stagecoach, and later the train to check his building sites in Comfort.

He continued to promote freethinking – chaired Freethinkers' Society of Ethical Culture, edited reestablished Laisvoji mintis (1933–1940), lobbied for non-religious cemeteries, schools, marriage and birth registrations, published numerous anti-religious texts. For one such text, he was sued by a priest for slander and received a one-month suspended prison sentence. After the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in June 1940, Šliūpas was invited to the People's Government of Lithuania, but refused. He continued to be active in public life until his death.

Liberals, libertarians, left-libertarians, feminists, democratic socialists, social democrats, anarchists, free thinkers and progressives often claim him as an intellectual ancestor. Paine's critique of institutionalized religion and advocacy of rational thinking influenced many British freethinkers in the 19th and 20th centuries, such as William Cobbett, George Holyoake, Charles Bradlaugh, Christopher Hitchens and Bertrand Russell. The quote "Lead, follow, or get out of the way" is widely but incorrectly attributed to Paine. It can be found nowhere in his published works.

The incident occurred at the peak of the 2013 Shahbag protests in Bangladesh. Though attacks against atheist and other secular-minded writers were not a new phenomenon in Bangladesh, the death of the 30-year-old architect and Shahbag activist brought the struggle of Bangladeshi freethinkers greater prominence. Haider's murder is seen as part of a larger attack against atheist and secularist bloggers in Bangladesh. Islamic groups had been rallying for a blasphemy law along the lines of the Blasphemy law in Pakistan.

Matsell was born in New York City to George Joshua Matsell, an immigrant from Walsingham, Norfolk, England. He worked as an apprentice in his father's bookstore on Broadway during his childhood, eventually opening a bookstore of his own on Chatham Street after spending several years as a sailor. His bookstore became notorious for carrying the works of Freethinkers such as Thomas Paine, as well as spiritualists, attracting an educated clientele and making him prosperous. He married Ellen Miriam Barrett on April 6, 1834.

Avijit Roy (; 12 September 1972 – 26 February 2015) was a Bangladeshi-American engineer, online activist, writer and blogger known for creating and administrating the Mukto-Mona, an Internet community for Bangladeshi freethinkers, rationalists, skeptics, atheists and humanists. Roy was an advocate of free expression in Bangladesh, coordinating international protests against government censorship and imprisonment of atheist bloggers. He was hacked to death by machete-wielding assailants in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on 26 February 2015; Islamic militant organization Ansarullah Bangla Team claimed responsibility for the attack.

Freethinkers Association aims to separate church and state, as well as the promotion of scientific perception of reality. The member of the Federation unions has about 1 500 members. According to its statutes, the Association is a non- religious and non- religious groups of persons formed by the Associations. Its objective is to drive the confessional interests, rights and the rule of law and to promote science-based without religion the reality of an idea of the spread of the religion of criticism and freedom of thought.

The purpose of the Association is to act to improve the confessional social and legal status of initiatives by public authorities and by acting as a confessional advocate for public debate. The aim is to also provide information about irreligious individuals' rights and obligations and educating people in an irreligious culture with related methods like naming ceremonies and establishing irreligious festivities in marriage or alternatives to marriage and funeral organization.Saari 1993, s. 4. Freethinkers believe that public authorities should be neutral with respect to religion.

Idem, p. 153–154. After participating in five constituencies during the 1925 elections, with an average result of just 0.12% per constituency, the party disappeared again. On the other hand, most freethinkers quickly lost their sympathy for Fascism when that evolved into a violent movement that embraced Catholicism and capitalism. To expose the opportunism of Mussolini and pope Pius XI (who would sign the Lateran Treaty soon after), De Dageraad in 1928 published a speech by Mussolini from 1904 in which he disproved the existence of God.

On 25 October that year, together with Humanitas and the University of Humanistic Studies, they co-founded the Humanist Historical Centre (HHC). During the 2003–2005 Metamorfozeproject, the HHC digitalised over 100,000 freethinkers' publications.God noch autoriteit, p. 84. In the late 1990s, all regional branches of DVG were dissolved, and for a while it appeared the association itself would disappear, but partially due to the rise of Islam, especially after the September 11 attacks, there was once again a need for a firmly atheistic stance in society.

From 1907, the ceremony's point of departure was the Monument La Barre and it finished at the place of his execution, near the town hall. For nearly sixty years, there was a joint ceremony of freethinkers, often coming from very far away, and the Department's workers' movements and secular organisations. In 1963, around twenty organisations - political parties and trades unions - took part in the ceremony. In 1986, the Fédération nationale de la libre pensée moved to commemorate the 220th anniversary of La Barre's execution.

Haighton was a freethinker and feminist. She saw the Christian Church, whether Calvinist or Catholic, as an obstacle for women who aspired to intellectual development and autonomy. Therefore, she became a member of the freethinkers' association De Dageraad (which paid attention to the position of women in different countries), becoming the first woman to hold a management position. As the first female board member, she called on women to achieve equal access to education and the labor market with equal pay for equal work.

Eroakirkosta.fi is a Finnish website which offers an electronic service for resigning from Finland's state churches; the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland and the Finnish Orthodox Church. "Eroa kirkosta" translates to "resign from the church". The website was created by Freethinkers of Tampere, an organisation that supports a formal separation of church and state, and opened on 21 November 2003. The Finnish law on freedom of religion was updated on 1 August 2003 and then allowed resigning from religions without a visit to a bureau.

As soon as Saint Pausicacus became a bishop, he began to banish heretics and freethinkers and people who persisted in immorality from his congregation. When he became famous in Phrygia by his care of his congregation, he traveled to Constantinople, where he healed the Emperor Maurice of his illness. For this, the Emperor gave Pausicacus’s province a reward. When Pausicacus was returning from Constantinople to Synada, he obtained water source by pray, which one gave to quench the thirst of Saint and his companions.

His publisher, James Edward Hughes, ensured the Blue Grass Blade survived him and in January 1908 it became a 16-page magazine featuring portraits and photographs of prominent and local freethinkers, scientists, and skeptics on the cover until budget constraints forced it to revert to text in May 1909. The following December, more money woes led the Blade to degrade to its original 4-page format. The last known issue of Blue Grass Blade was published on August 21, 1910. Moore is buried in Lexington, Kentucky.

Freethinkers published two short-lived magazines, Vaga (Furrow) in 1931 and Laisvamanis (Freethinker) in 1933, until Šliūpas became editor of the reestablished monthly Laisvoji mintis (Free Thought) in November 1933 (it was published twice a month from 1939). Šliūpas had previously published Laisvoji mintis in the United States in 1910–1915. He continued to edit the magazine up until the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in June 1940. The magazine devoted significant attention to science and printed many articles (often translated) focused on humanities, particularly history.

In 2002 Goddard joined the Center for Inquiry Metro New York Advisory Board. That same year she was named The Student Activist on Beliefnet's Godless Who's Who. Goddard participated in the secular movement as a volunteer and activist for several years before being hired as a field organizer by the Center for Inquiry in 2006. From 2001 to 2004, she served as the volunteer publications director, then as student president of the Campus Freethought Alliance (later CFI On Campus), an international network of student freethinkers and skeptics.

Evans was born on October 12, 1942 in York, Pennsylvania. His father was a factory worker, while his mother ran a beauty shop in the front of their family home. Evans graduated from public high school in 1960, afterwards receiving a four-year scholarship from the Glatfelter Paper Company in York to study chemistry at Brown University. Evans and several friends founded the Brown Freethinkers Society, a group of self- professed "militant atheists" working against organized religion, which picketed Brown's required weekly chapel services.

Lawhorn led a mandatory suicide-prevention presentation in which he distributed a flier advocating his Christian faith; this led one of the soldiers who was at the event to contact the Military Association of Atheists & Freethinkers and ultimately resulted in a Letter of Concern from Commanding Officer Col. David G. Fivecoat on November 27, 2014 and again on December 8, 2014 condemning Chaplain Lawhorn for his actions and violation of Army policy. Numerous religious and political leaders objected to this letter. On December 9.

In April, Mohiuddin was arrested for "blasphemous" posts, along with three other bloggers. The crackdown on independent blogs, and the closure of the newspaper Amar Desh, was strongly criticised by Human Rights Watch and IHEU. Shortly after the bloggers were arrested, Mukto-Mona, an independent site of freethinkers and atheists of mainly Bengali and South Asian descent, issued a statement titled, 'Bangladesh government squishing freedom of speech by arresting and harassing young bloggers inside the country'. Amnesty International also issued a statement titled, 'Bangladesh: writers at risk of torture’.

He was born in Bristol into a family of Methodists, and showed precocious talents, giving his first lecture at the age of 14. At the age of 16 he moved to London, and worked with his elder brother John Watts (1834-1866) in a printing office. Through this work the two brothers came into contact with freethinkers including Charles Southwell and Charles Bradlaugh. John Watts became an active proselytiser for secularism, and in 1863 was appointed editor of the National Reformer, a radical periodical founded by Bradlaugh, with Charles as assistant editor.

Religion criticism and scientific debate on the perception of reality to the debate as representatives of the intelligentsia participated in Finland atheist point of view, among other things, Eino Kaila, Ilkka Niiniluoto, and Raimo Tuomela. Freethinkers Association has divided the former chairman, judge and writer Vaino Voipio According to the designated Väinö Voipio Award since 1993. The purpose of the prize is to give public recognition to the person who has raised defended scientific understanding of reality and promoted ethics and society uskontoriippumattomuutta. Professor Jorma Palo was awarded the humanist ethics raised importing writings.

Another version, slightly different from Scott's, was found in his papers. It was finally published, together with Scott's version, in 1987.The publication history of the proof in this paragraph is from Gödel 1995, p. 388 Morgenstern's diary is an important and usually reliable source for Gödel's later years, but the implication of the August 1970 diary entry—that Gödel did not believe in God—is not consistent with the other evidence. In letters to his mother, who was not a churchgoer and had raised Kurt and his brother as freethinkers,Dawson 1997, pp. 6.

In 1999, Rabbi Arnold E. Resnicoff, a U.S. Navy chaplain, proposed widening the chaplain's role to include that of engagement with local religious leaders in conflict zones to improve the military's understanding of local religious issues and include chaplains in the conflict prevention and reconciliation processes. This outreach is part of the duties listed for chaplains in Joint Publication 1-05 on chaplain operations. The Military Association of Atheists & Freethinkers supports expanding chaplain services to support atheists and humanists. Whether they are already required to support such non-theists is disputed.

The Painesville Chapel is a historic meeting hall built in 1852 by German immigrant Freethinkers in Franklin, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. In the 1830s and 40s, immigrants from Wittenberg, Germany were among the settlers near Franklin. They attended St. John's Lutheran in Oak Creek until 1851, when a dispute over doctrine caused the congregation to split, with half following Pastor Carl Gustav Rausch to form a Freie Gemeinde, a Free Congregation, whose priorities were independence of the congregation and freedom of thought for individuals.

Contrary to the generally accepted view that all Ghanaians profess one religion or the other, there is a small group of outspoken atheists, freethinkers and skeptics who form the Humanists Association of Ghana. The group organized a Humanist conference in November, 2012 which brought together Humanists from around the world to discuss issues relevant to the advancement of Humanism in Ghana. A second International Humanist conference was hosted by the same organization in December 2014. It featured discussions on additional topics relevant to Humanism such as feminism, witchcraft accusations in West Africa and Humanist ceremonies.

Confronted with the rise of totalitarian forms of both Fascism and Communism, Dageradianen started to defend parliamentary democracy more and more, even though both extremes and anarchism continued to be represented within the association.Idem, p. 154. In 1921, the bylaws of De Dageraad (article 2) stated for the first time that freethinkers, 'from the perspective of reason', placed themselves 'on an atheistic standpoint'. The Interior Minister Heemskerk (Anti-Revolutionary Party) refused to grant royal permission to this bylaws amendment in 1924, because atheism would go against morality and the public order, and lead to anarchy.

By rationally seeking the truth, thinking freely, holding free discussions and testing teachings and authorities, freethinkers strive towards the full development of the human personality, with the emphasis on moral and rational conscience. This includes amongst other things an atheistic worldview, the choice for solidarity with fellow human beings, and the realisation that life is finite and a one-off occurrence. Also, physical and emotional development is considered important for a healthy and happy life. Precisely because life is finite, it is unique and valuable, and should be experienced to the fullest.

Idem, p. 30–31. As a continuation of Licht en schaduwbeelden, the Lodge decided to found the magazine De Dageraad (The Dawn), that was issued for the first time on 1 October 1855. The magazine's motto was: "Magna est veritas et praevalebit" ("Mighty is the truth and it shall prevail"). On 12 October 1856, freethinkers association De Dageraad ("The Dawn") was founded in Amsterdam by the editorial staff of the magazine, including Günst (publisher of De Dageraad) and the first chair Rudolf Charles d'Ablaing van Giessenburg (1826–1904).

Libertarian socialists have traditionally been skeptical of and opposed to organized religion. Freethought is a philosophical viewpoint that holds opinions should be formed on the basis of science, logic and reason; and should not be influenced by authority, tradition, or other dogmas. The cognitive application of freethought is known as freethinking and practitioners of freethought are known as freethinkers. In the United States, freethought was an anti-Christian and anti-clerical movement, "whose purpose was to make the individual politically and spiritually free to decide for himself on religious matters".

Though liberals view permissiveness as a positive, social conservatives claim that it weakens the moral and sociocultural structures necessary for a civilized and valid society. For example, lower divorce rates, decreasing the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, and controlling crime are all desirable. Others answer that these issues themselves are outcomes of the very repressiveness that seeks to eliminate them. It is believed that citizens enjoying free thinking, speaking, and acting without coercion or recusancy, have contributed to a society where freethinkers thrive, that is, without having to fear repression through intolerance and injustice.

Gustav Adolf Wislicenus, a leader of the Free Congregations Despite his dismissal, Rupp said he still considered himself a Protestant minister, since the church was a Christian community and not a state institution. Some of his liberal supporters organized a Free Congregation (freie Gemeinde) and elected Rupp as chief preacher. The group was open to different Christian denominations, to Jews and freethinkers. Gustav Adolf Wislicenus gave the view of the radicals in an open letter in which he stated that the free congregations represented a complete break with the past.

Harmonia Hall is a meeting hall in Waumandee, Wisconsin which was originally used by the Harmonie Gesellschaft, a group of German and Swiss Freethinkers. The Harmonie Gesellschaft, founded in Waumandee 1861, built the hall in 1890 for the group's meetings and events. Joseph Schafer, a carpenter from Arcadia, designed and built the hall in the Mid 19th Century Revival style. The Harmonie Gesellschaft had shrunk in size by the 1930s and consequently began to meet in homes rather than the hall; the group ultimately disbanded in the 1950s.

Kathleen Johnson, who founded the Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers and served in Iraq, said that was "a denial of our contributions" and that "[a] lot of people manage to serve without having to call on a higher power."Rebecca Phillips, "Beliefwatch: Foxholes," Newsweek, August 21, 2006. American Atheists helped organize a campaign against the "no atheists in foxholes" claim. They gained approval by the US Department of Veterans Affairs for the logo of the American Atheists to be an allowed "emblem of belief" "for Placement on Government Headstones and Markers".

Henry was active in freethought organizations such as the Freethought Federation of America and the American Secular Union.. For more on this topic, see Jacoby, Susan. Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2004. Her most controversial project was her work with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and a group of women's rights activists on criticizing the new translations in the Anglicans' Bible, better known as the King James Bible, which was being revised for the first time in the 1880s since the Authorized Version of 1611.

On 2 October he was condemned by the District Court in Łódź to three years of imprisonment. After his release in 1928 he was directed by KPP to a semi-legal job at the theatre Labour Stage, whose director was Witold Wandurski. He was also active in the weavers union and in the association of freethinkers. In years 1930 – 1937 he was a labour union deputy in the factories of Kinderman and Szac, when he got arrested again and condemned for two years and seven months of imprisonment.

She was born on the Monte Alverne farm in Manhuaçu, Minas Gerais, Brazil on 16 May 1887. "She was the daughter of Modesto de Araújo Lacerda and Amélia de Araújo Lacerda, freethinkers and educated folk from whom she certainly inherited her strong anticlerical outlook". "Five years after she was born they moved to Barbacena, Minas Gerais, Brazil, the town where she started her schooling and by the age of 16 she was training as a primary teacher, the profession to which she was deeply committed." One year later she married Carlos Ferreira de Moura.

On his career Hartikainen has served as the actuary in the end of the 1960s, for nearly 20 years as the teacher of mathematics, physics and chemistry in schools, and after that since the year 1989 as teacher of information technology in the adult college of Vantaa. He was working in 1994–1998 as a statistician in the city of Vantaa. Hartikainen retired in 2005. In Union of Freethinkers of Finland ("Vapaa-ajattelijan liitto" in Finnish, the biggest atheist association in Finland) Hartikainen operated for 40 years, as a chairman in 1999–2005.

In 2008, Dawkins's website released a collection of Condell's monologues on DVD, titled Pat Condell: Anthology. In 2007 he was criticised by Christian author Dinesh D'Souza on AOL News, who said "If the televangelists are guilty of producing some simple-minded, self-righteous Christians, then the atheist authors are guilty of producing self-congratulatory buffoons like Condell." The book Raising Freethinkers: A Practical Guide for Parenting Beyond Belief, describes Condell as "breathtakingly intelligent, articulate, uncompromising, and funny". The New York Times Magazine described Condell as a "smug atheist".

In the United States, Freethought congregations have existed since the mid-19th century, when German freethinkers and anti-clericalists emigrated from their homeland in the midst of the 1848 Revolution; they were among the first to establish openly "free congregations" in the country. Today, Greg Epstein currently heads the Humanist Chaplaincy at Harvard University, which was founded in 1974 by current Chaplain Emeritus and former Roman Catholic priest Tom Ferrick. In addition, the Ethical Culture movement and most Unitarian Universalist churches carry out services for, and welcome participation from, non-theists and secular humanists.

In 2007 Prometheus Books published The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief, an 897-page reference work on atheism, agnosticism, humanism, and related philosophies edited by Flynn. The work featured a foreword by Richard Dawkins. Intended as a successor to the 1985 The Encyclopedia of Unbelief edited by freethought bibliographer Gordon Stein, the work earned mixed reviews. The International Review of Biblical Studies praised it, saying, "This is a most valuable addition to all existing encyclopedias of religion because it offers the calmly argued perspective of contemporary freethinkers, atheists and secular humanists".

Trent and Wells:126 His map of New England, which was published posthumously, was, at least in part, the basis for every map of New England published over the following fifty years. Douglass did not always fit in well with Boston society. He was a self-proclaimed "rationalist", and quickly joined in the growing dissent against official Puritanism in Boston.Trent and Wells:ix-x, 125 He was probably a member of the group of freethinkers (the "hell fire club") that contributed to The New-England Courant published by James Franklin.

A barn on the Herff–Rozelle Farm in Boerne Boerne came into being as an offshoot of the Texas Hill Country Free Thinker Latin Settlements, resulting from the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states. Those who came were Forty-Eighters, intellectual liberal abolitionists who enjoyed conversing in Latin and who believed in utopian ideals that guaranteed basic human rights to all. Freethinkers Association of Central Texas They reveled in passionate conversations about science, philosophy, literature, and music. TexFiles The Free Thinkers first settled Castell, Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC.

By noon they had sent a printed challenge to the Vice-Chancellor, the leading Doctors of Divinity, the heads of all the colleges and the Revd. Simeon: They then went around the University precincts, with Taylor immaculately dressed in university cap and gown greeting old friends, giving out circulars and seeking out freethinkers. On the Saturday morning an anticipated article about their mission failed to appear in the morning paper. The university Proctors who were in charge of discipline interrogated the landlord, then demanded his lodging-house licence.

Caricature of Šliūpas and his lobbying efforts on civil registration published in December 1938 Šliūpas established the first chapters of the Freethinkers' Society of Ethical Culture (), a society to promote freethought in Lithuania, in Biržai and Šiauliai in 1922 and 1924. Šliūpas became editor of the reestablished Laisvoji mintis (Free Thought) in November 1933 and continued to edit it up until the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in June 1940. The magazine focused on humanities, particularly history, and balanced academic articles with agitation. Šliūpas also promoted freethought policies in daily life.

Konstantinos Tsaldaris (, 1884-15 November 1970) was a Greek politician and twice Prime Minister of Greece. Tsaldaris was born in Alexandria, Egypt. He studied law at the University of Athens as well as Berlin, London and Florence. He became a prefectural politician from 1915 to 1917. In 1926, he was elected as a deputy for the first time in the Argolidocorinthia prefecture (now split into Argolis and Corinthia) with the Freethinkers' Party of Ioannis Metaxas. In 1928, he became a member of the People's Party, the leader of which was his uncle Panagis Tsaldaris.

4 (Dec. 1905), pg. 626. Despite — or perhaps due to — the distance between New York and the Owenite example on the American frontier in Indiana, interest grew in establishment parallel communities elsewhere. Despite the existence of the New York Society for Promoting Communities, it would not be the formal authority behind the creation of an Owenite colony; instead it would be a group of committed freethinkers from the New York City area, including atheist leader George Houston, who had previously suffered imprisonment in England for his anti-deist writings.

Paine dismissed her in the same tones that he had used in The Age of Reason: "pooh, pooh, it is not true. You were not sent with any such impertinent message.... Pshaw, He would not send such a foolish ugly old woman as you about with His message."Qtd. in Hawke, 390. The Age of Reason was largely ignored after 1820, except by radical groups in Britain and freethinkers in America, such as Robert G. IngersollSchwartz, Thomas D. "Mark Twain and Robert Ingersoll: The Freethought Connection". American Literature 48.2 (1976): 183–84.

These stories come from members of LifeRing Secular Recovery, SMART Recovery, and AA Freethinkers, organizations that seek to help people free themselves from addiction without pressuring them to believe things that are foreign to their world-views. None of those speaking here were powerless over their addiction; they needed to find the needed power within themselves, drawing on the support of their peers for guidance. It is that support -- positive, empathetic and informed -- that plays the key role in helping others gain sobriety. Humanly Possible shows how effective that kind of support can be.

A second edition of Parenting Beyond Belief with new contributors was released in 2016, and Sharing Reality: How to Bring Secularism and Science to an Evolving Religious World (co-authored with Jeff T. Haley) was published in 2017. He is currently at work on a book about how music communicates emotion. In January 2018, McGowan presented a TEDx talk in Atlanta on the changing nature of religion and irreligion in America. In late 2018, McGowan launched three podcasts about music (How Music Does That), raising kids without religion (Raising Freethinkers) and death (The Lucky Ones).

Retrieved 29 August 2017 Morrison and his family have been affiliated with St Donard's Parish Church, an Anglican congregation of the Church of Ireland located in east Belfast. During the Troubles, the area was described as "militantly Protestant", although Morrison's parents have always been freethinkers with his father openly declaring himself an atheist and his mother being connected to Jehovah's Witnesses at one point.Listening to Van Morrison by Greil Marcu, Introduction p. 1 Van left Northern Ireland before The Troubles started and distanced himself from the conflict, although later "yearned for" Protestant and Catholic reconciliation.

As of December 2015, the Atheist & Agnostic Alliance of Pakistan had about 3,000 members. Ilyas featured both in Deeyah Khan's British documentary Islam's Non-Believers (October 2016) and in Dorothée Forma's Dutch documentary Non-believers: Freethinkers on the Run (December 2016). Ilyas, Maryam Namazie and others demanding the release of Ayaz Nizami and others accused of blasphemy and apostasy (April 2017) In January 2017, Ilyas presented her story to the European Parliament with the International Humanist and Ethical Union. In April, she also received the International Atheist of the Year award.

Polish Association of Free Thought (PAFT) () is a secular movement, appointed in 1926 for a group of former activists of the Polish Association of Freethinkers. Chairman was Zygmunt Radliński in the board entered: Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Józef Landau. In June 1930 PAFT organized in Warsaw Circle of Intellectuals (under the leadership of T. Kotarbinski), which primary aim was to deepen the theoretical principles of free thought and to create a center, grouping intellectuals – thinkers from around the country. From October 1930 to December 1935 Circle seemed own monthly magazine "Rationalist" edited by Józef Landau.

The Institución Libre de Enseñanza (ILE) was founded by persecuted Spanish intellectuals, catering to freethinkers in educational facilities outside government control. The ILE was important in forming ideologies leading to the creation of the Second Spanish Republic. It was revolutionary in Spain in that it was one of the first organizations to recognize the potential of women, though this was still viewed as limited. To this end, ILE member Fernando de Castro, then dean of the Universidad de Madrid, created the "Sunday Lectures for the Education of Women" in 1868.

Apart from his teaching and academic activities, Rahman wrote on various issues, particularly on those related to Bangladesh. He contributed to Internet blogs and various internet e-magazines, mainly in the Bengali language, covering his interests.Mizan Rahman's Article Page in Mukto-Mona He was a prolific writer Dr. Mizan Rahman Speaks to VOA About His Writings and a regular contributor to Porshi, a Bengali monthly publication based in Silicon Valley, California. He was also the member of the advisory board of the Mukto-Mona, an Internet congregation of freethinkers, rationalists, skeptics, atheists and humanists of mainly Bengali and South Asian descent.

Her Story of an African Farm was acclaimed for the manner in which it tackled the issues of its day, ranging from agnosticism to the treatment of women. It was also the cause of one of her most significant and long-lasting friendships, as the renowned sexologist Havelock Ellis wrote to her about her novel. Their relationship soon developed beyond intellectual debate to a genuine source of support for Schreiner. She finally met Ellis in 1884 when she went with him to a meeting of the Progressive Organisation, a group for freethinkers to discuss political and philosophical views.

Wedding portrait of Alfonso XIII and Victoria Eugenie, 1906 After a falling-out over politics, Mateo Morral's father gave his son a monetary parting gift, which he took to Barcelona in 1905. Morral's father was a textiles industrialist in the town of Sabadell, and Morral had traveled widely for his father's company, in addition to his prior studies abroad. He broke with his father over his support of a radicalized group of freethinkers, republicans, and freemasons—the Librepensadores. In Barcelona, Morral grew close to the anarchist pedagogue Francisco Ferrer, whom he had befriended two years earlier.

Idem, p. 152–153. Two years later, independently from De Dageraad, the Kiesvereeniging Vrijdenkers naar het Parlement ("Electoral Association Freethinkers into Parliament", 1922–1925) was founded by some of its members, who wanted to do battle against all that "bears a slight likeness to God and servility towards God". It resisted capitalism and militarism with the slogan 'The Netherlands out of the Church's grip', pleaded for an absolute separation of church and state, and free public education. Although Catholics constantly besmirched election posters, or pulled them from the walls, the Electoral Association managed to get 1100 votes (0.4%) in the constituency of Amsterdam.

Catholic groups and the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB) became increasingly hostile towards De Dageraad. After a 16 October 1936 article in Volk en Vaderland entitled "Blasphemers", in which the NSB paper demanded the VRO broadcasts to be outlawed, several dozens of NSB members (the WA) violently disrupted a grand meeting of freethinkers in Utrecht on 26 October.Idem, p. 169. Although denying any connection to the NSB's actions, confessionalist parliamentarians soon urged the government to ban the VRO's broadcasts, to which Interior Minister de Wilde agreed on 16 November, entering in effect from 1 January 1937.

1951 commemoration of Leo Polak, co-hosted by De Dageraad and the HV. After the war, De Dageraad was reinstated and recovered quickly, helped by the fact it had taken an outspoken antifascist position before the war. Several local branches and magazines were founded, the main board convened again on 17 June 1945. During a conference on 27–28 October 1945, about 1150 members were present, and 9 branches represented. The new magazine De Vrijdenker, that counted well-known freethinkers such as Anton Constandse and Piet Spigt amongst its editorial staff, soon achieved over 2300 subscribers (1 June 1946), a year later 2645.

Gaonim who embraced Bahshamiyya Mu'tazila included Samuel ben Hofni Gaon who was familiar with the works of Ibn Khallâd and Abû 'Abd Allâh al- Basrî as well as Saadiah Gaon. Mu'tazilî doctrines and terminology provided a basis for discussion and polemical exchanges between Jewish and Shi'a scholars. Virtually banned from Sunnî Islam, Mu'tazila doctrine remains an integral part of Islamic intellectual history. The rationalistic approach of Mu'tazila towards reasoned theological issues led to the classification of Mu'tazilîs as freethinkers within Islam who had been deeply influenced by Greek philosophical thought and thus practiced apostasy and heresy.

He attended college at the University of Rochester, in Rochester, New York, and studied theology and belonged to the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity. As a young man, he became a Baptist minister and, influenced by the vestiges of the Second Great Awakening, began to travel to promote his faith and help his community. Bellamy's travels brought him to Massachusetts, where he penned the "Pledge of Allegiance" for a campaign by the Youth's Companion, a patriotic circular and magazine. Bellamy "believed in the absolute separation of church and state""Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism", Susan Jacoby.

This list of nonreligious Nobel laureates comprises laureates of the Nobel Prize who have self-identified as atheist, agnostic, freethinker, or otherwise nonreligious at some point in their lives. Many of these laureates earlier identified with a religion. In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 10.5% of all laureates, and 35% of those in literature, fall in this category. According to the same estimate, between 1901 and 2000, atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers won 8.9% of the prizes in medicine, 7.1% in chemistry, 5.2% in economics, 4.7% in physics, and 3.6% in peace.

In Montaña, Aguadilla, a group called "los bíblicos" met clandestinely under the direction of Antonio Badillo. Many freethinkers and Protestants belonged to Masonic lodges, as many in the older generation still do. In 1872, the first Protestant church was established in Puerto Rico, when Bishop W. W. Jackson, from the Anglican dioceses of Antigua provided for the creation of the Holy Trinity Anglican Church in Ponce, followed several years later by All Saints Anglican Church in Vieques. Soon after the change of sovereignty, United States Protestant denominations agreed to divide the island in order to facilitate missionary penetration.

Fredericksburg (German: Friedrichsburg) was founded in 1846 by Baron Otfried Hans von Meusebach, new Commissioner General of the "Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas", also known as the "Noblemen's Society" (in German: Mainzer Adelsverein). The emigration was in part the liberal, educated Germans fleeing the social, political, and economic conditions that later resulted in the Revolution of 1848, and in part working- class Germans. Freethinkers Association of Central Texas Baron von Meusebach renounced his noble title and became known in Texas as John O. Meusebach. The area's Barons Creek was named in Meusebach's honor.

Soon after, King George II (son of Constantine I) was also forced into exile. The monarchy was abolished, and the Second Hellenic Republic was proclaimed, in March 1924. Metaxas returned to Greece soon after, publicly stating his acceptance of the Republic regime. Despite a promising start, and his status as one of the most prominent royalist politicians, Metaxas' foray into politics was not very successful. In the 1926 elections, his Freethinkers' Party claimed 15.78% of the vote and 52 seats in Parliament, putting it almost on a par with the other main royalist party, the People's Party.

While a sitting legislator, gave an opening "prayer" for the session that quoted, not scripture, but the book Freethinkers by Susan Jacoby, as well as Walt Whitman.Maine House Record, June 17, 2005 Faircloth also advocates and speaks around the United States regarding secular public policy and the harm that he believes can come to average citizens if the secular nature of the American Constitution is not followed. In September 2011 he was appointed as Director of Strategy and Policy at the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science. He was the opening speaker for Dawkins's 2011 and 2012 book tours.

In the beginning, the association grew rapidly; the First World War caused the growth to stagnate, however. During the Interwar Period, a new upswing followed until the Great Depression and Second World War brought new setbacks. In 1933, National Councillor Hans Müller launched an attack on the freethinkers as a movement that actively fought against the Christian faith, and would thereby threaten religious peace. The attack, in the form of a motion, was adopted as a bill by the National Council on 22 June 1933 with 70 against 47 votes, but subsequently defeated in the Federal Council.

Together with other Dutch humanists and freethinkers, Van der Ham marches through The Hague to demand freedom of thought. They offer copies of the 2015 Freedom of Thought Report to ambassadors of a number of countries where nonbelievers are being persecuted and oppressed; he conducts a conversation with the Iraqi ambassador. The report is also received in the Dutch House of Representatives by the House Commission of Foreign Affairs. Elizabeth O'Casey, IHEU representative at the United Nations, explains how Muslim-majority countries internationally always invoke the argument of 'defamation of religion' to continue to violate the human rights of their citizens.

She founded the National League of Women Freethinkers and its journal, La Nueva Mujer. She helped organize the first International Congress of Women in 1910, and later helped organize the first National Child Welfare Congress. Her application for a faculty position at her alma mater's Medical School was denied on grounds that she was a still a resident alien, prompting her to apply for Argentine citizenship. Single immigrant women, however, were not generally granted citizenship in Argentina. Lanteri married Dr. Alberto Renshaw in 1910, and following an eight-month-long lawsuit, she was granted citizenship in 1911.

The Secular Coalition for America is an advocacy group located in Washington D.C. It describes itself as "representing the interests of atheists, humanists, freethinkers, agnostics, and other nontheistic Americans." The Secular Coalition has chapters in all 50 states and Puerto Rico, composed of lobbyists trained by the organization. The Coalition holds an annual lobby day and policy conference, publishes yearly Congressional report cards and voter guides, and in 2013 issued its first Model Secular Policy Guide for Legislatures.Model Secular Policy Guide for Legislatures Former White House staffer Edwina Rogers served as Executive Director from May 2012 to May 2014.

Today there are KSKJ branches all over the country offering life insurance and other services to Slovene-Americans. Freethinkers were centered around 18th and Racine Ave. in Chicago, where they founded the Slovene National Benefit Society; other Slovene immigrants went to southwestern Pennsylvania, southeastern Ohio and the state of West Virginia to work in the coal mines and lumber industry. Some Slovenes also went to the Pittsburgh or Youngstown, Ohio, areas, to work in the steel mills, as well as Minnesota's Iron Range, to work in the iron mines and also to Copper Country on the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan for copper mining.

The Enlightenment was not the offspring of the Republic of Letters, let alone the culmination of three centuries of anti- Augustinian critique, but rather the result of the singular marriage of Lucretius and Newton. When a handful of French freethinkers in the second quarter of the 18th century encountered the methodology and achievements of Newtonian science, experimental philosophy and unbelief were mixed together in an explosive cocktail, which gave its imbibers the means to develop a new science of man. Since Gay's work was published, his interpretation of the Enlightenment has become an orthodoxy in the Anglo-Saxon world.

While separating Catholics from Protestants among Christians proved difficult in some cases, available information suggests that more Protestants were involved in the scientific categories and more Catholics were involved in the Literature and Peace categories. Atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers comprise 11% of total Nobel Prize winners; but in the category of Literature, these preferences rise sharply to about 35%. A striking fact involving religion is the high number of Laureates of the Jewish faith—over 20% of total Nobel Prizes (138); including: 17% in Chemistry, 26% in Medicine and Physics, 40% in Economics and 11% in Peace and Literature each.

He also edited the Materials for the Hundred Years' History of the Imperial Academy of Arts. He authored the History of the Russian Nobility (1886, in two volumes), as well as the History of Saint Petersburg (1882). For Vsemirnaya Illyustratsia he compiled The Album of Russian Fairytales and Bylinas (1875), The Album for Peter the Great's 200th Jubilee (with Sergey Shubinsky, 1872), and the biography of Peter the Great (1873). Petrov wrote several historical novels, among them Semya Volnodumtsev (Семья вольнодумцев, Freethinkers' Family, 1872, with Viktor Klyushnikov), Balakirev (Балакирев, 1881) and Tsarsky sud (Царский суд, The Tsar's Judgement, 1877).

In the new edition Royer also toned down her eugenic statements in the preface but added a foreword championing freethinkers and complaining about the criticism she had received from the Catholic press. Royer published a third edition without contacting Darwin. She removed her foreword but added an additional preface in which she directly criticised Darwin's idea of pangenesis introduced in his Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication (1868). She also made a serious error by failing to update her translation to reflect the changes that Darwin had incorporated in the 4th and 5th English editions.

The film's plot follows the novel by Franz Werfel, which is not a documentary but a historical novel blending fact and fiction. Bernadette's real-life friend Antoine Nicolau is portrayed as being deeply in love with her and vowing to remain unmarried when Bernadette enters the convent. No such relationship is documented as existing between them. In addition, the government authorities, in particular, Imperial Prosecutor Vital Dutour (played by Vincent Price) are portrayed as being much more anti-religion than they actually were; Trochu provides background information on Bernadette's "inquisitors", revealing that they were not atheists or even freethinkers.

It also educates and trains both the military and civilian community about atheism and Freethought in the military. Flagship programs for MAAF are its local Network, with over 70 worldwide points of contact, lay leaders, and local groups from Kyrgyzstan to Japan and throughout the US and its Chaplain Outreach program to educate 5000 military chaplains on how to support atheists and freethinkers in the military. Supporting those major programs are care package delivery, lay leader and chaplain endorsement, and a robust advocacy program to identify and resolve issues, to make the military a safe place for nontheists.

Jason Torpy, President of the Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers (MAAF) at the Reason Rally held in Washington, DC on March 24, 2012. The MAAF was founded with a simple email discussion group in February 1998 by Kathleen Johnson when she was an active duty Sergeant First Class with the Army's Criminal Investigative Division (CID). It soon expanded from an online presence and affiliated with other organizations including American Atheists and the Campus Freethought Alliance (now CFI On Campus). Early membership, totalling just over 100, included several cadets and midshipmen in ROTC programs and military service academies.

The Institución Libre de Enseñza (ILE) was founded by persecuted Spanish intellectuals, and catered to freethinkers in educational facilities removed from government control. The ILE would be important in forming ideologies that would lead to the creation of the Second Spanish Republic. The ILE was revolutionary in Spain in that it was one of the first organizations to recognize the potential of women, though this potential was still viewed as limited. To this end, ILE member Fernando de Castro, then dead of the Universidad de Madrid, created the "Sunday Lectures for the Education of Women" in 1868.

Austere freethinkers with an intense hatred of the ruling National Fascist Party, Eva and Mario also refused to give their sons any education in the Catholic Faith or any other religion.Weiss, Understanding Italo Calvino, 3. Italo attended the English nursery school St George's College, followed by a Protestant elementary private school run by Waldensians. His secondary schooling, with a classical lyceum curriculum, was completed at the state-run Liceo Gian Domenico Cassini where, at his parents' request, he was exempted from religion classes but frequently asked to justify his anti-conformism to teachers, janitors, and fellow pupils.

In response to the June 14, 1954 Congressional change of the wording of the Pledge (found in U.S. Code, tit. 36 § 172) to include "under God", a series of lawsuits were filed in the New York State courts by Joseph L. Lewis challenging the constitutionality of the addition of the new phrase. Lewis was a publisher, writer, and co-founder of Freethinkers of America. As the cases involved Joseph Lewis desiring the Court to order the Commissioner of Education of The State of New York, James E. Allen, Jr. to remove the new words from the Pledge, these cases are referred to as the Matter of Lewis v. Allen.

In the first issue, which sold for one penny, the then-anonymous editor set out his ambition to fill it with "literary gossip" of interest to freethinkers, together with recording "the best liberal publications in this country". It also contained details of his father's speaking tours of Canada and the US, and regular criticisms of the Christian establishment on every front, from science and metaphysics to history and poetry. Soon afterwards, he also organised the Propagandist Press Committee, which later became the Rationalist Press Association. This provided him with a large group of subscribers, and enabled him to expand the magazine in size and with a widening readership.

Gramercy Park Hotel was designed by Robert T. Lyons and built by the developer brothers Bing & Bing from 1924–1925, with a westward extension along Gramercy Park North – a continuation of East 21st Street – designed by the firm of Thompson & Churchill and built in 1929–1930. Both wings were designed in Renaissance Revival style."Gramercy Park Hotel" on the Gramercy Park Neighborhood Associates website The hotel occupies the site of the former homes of the flamboyant architect Stanford White, political leader and defender of agnosticism Robert Ingersoll and lawyer-diarist George Templeton Strong.Jacoby, Susan (2004). Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism, p. 173. Macmillan. .

In Radical Enlightenment, Jonathan Israel presents a history of the European Enlightenment in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries considering philosophical, political, and geographical complexity. The large-scale thesis of the work concerns the scope of the Enlightenment. The most traditional way of looking at the movement is to see it primarily as a French or English Phenomenon but Israel focuses on the philosophical and scientific developments in two countries in the seventeenth century. In terms of discussion about deism he indicates some radical fringe elements– atheists, freethinkers, democrats – and shows how they lead to the expansion of toleration and the advance of reason over faith.

In his sermon "Why I am Leaving the Professional Ministry", Feinberg stated "organized religion is a deserted lighthouse" that had left him spiritually numb. His resignation from a prestigious synagogue attended by some of the richest Jews in New York attracted much publicity at the time. In Moscow, Pravda put his resignation on the front page, portraying Feinberg's resignation as due to the soullessness of American capitalism in New York, though Feinberg insisted he was only rejecting organized religion, not Judaism as a faith. Joseph L. Lewis, president of the Freethinkers of America, invited Feinberg to join him on a "crusade for truth" against all religion, an offer he declined.

In later life (after Second World War in West Berlin) he became a member (as a non-denominational humanist) of the German Freethinkers Association (later Humanist Association of Germany). After graduating from the Hindenburg School (now Humboldt-Gymnasium Düsseldorf) in 1927, he became a member of KPD which he left after five years, following a trip to Moscow (his mother's native city) in 1931, and having began to detest the ideological narrowness of the movement. Flechtheim studied law and political science at the universities in Freiburg, Paris, Heidelberg, Berlin, and finally Cologne. From 1931 to 1933 he completed his legal clerkship at the Higher Regional Court of Düsseldorf.

In the education field, she is on the advisory council of the California 3Rs (rights, respect, responsibility) religious liberty project for teachers initiated by the First Amendment Center. She is also lead curriculum developer for Worldview Education: Teaching about Religion in Support of Civic Pluralism, a religion-neutral professional web resource for educators. In the freethought movement, Futrell is vice-president and past president of Atheists and Other Freethinkers, and sits on the board of directors of the American Humanist Association and the Atheist Alliance of America. She has been an educator at all levels of instruction, from an elementary open classroom through university professor.

According to the Freedom from Religion South Africa action group, an association of freethinkers, atheists, sceptics and agnostics committed to a secular state, the charter would undermine secularity, democracy and freedom in South Africa. The group is concerned that, instead of advancing freedom of religion, the charter would advance religion and inhibit the religious freedom of those in minority religions and the non-religious. The group is concerned that the charter seeks to entrench religion in educational and state institutions using state powers and state funds. The group has drafted and proposed its own South African Charter of the Freedom from Religion in opposition to the charter.

The USPD was by this stage much diminished, however, and in September 1922 most of what remained of it reunited with the SPD, from which it had broken away five years earlier. Ackermann was one of those who rejected this reunification, and she remained a member of the (now further diminished) USPD, now under the leadership of Georg Ledebour and Theodor Liebknecht. Following the various party splits that were a feature of leftwing politics during the Weimar years, Ackermann was for many years the sole USPD member of the Cologne city council. Till 1932 she was also employed by the Cologne office of the Freethinkers League ("Deutscher Freidenkerbund").

Anarchist Emma Goldman credited the success of the school's expansion to Ferrer's methodical administrative ability. Other schools and centers in his model spread across Spain and to South America. By the time Ferrer opened a satellite school in the nearby textile center Vilanova i la Geltrú towards the end of 1905, Ferrer schools in the image of his Escuela Moderna, for both children and adults, grew across eastern Spain: 14 in Barcelona and 34 across Catalonia, Valencia, and Andalusia. The Spanish Republicans and the secular League of Freethinkers organized their own classes using materials from the school press, with around 120 such rationalist schools in all.

Ehsan Jami, co-founder of the Central Committee for Ex- Muslims in the Netherlands in 2007, has received several death threats, and due to the amount of threats its members received, the Committee was dismantled in 2008. To fill this lacuna, the Dutch Humanist Association (HV) launched the Platform of New Freethinkers in 2015. There is a Dutch-speaking group for Muslim apostates born and/or raised in the Netherlands, and an English-speaking one for ex-Muslims who recently arrived in the Netherlands as refugees. The latter fled their country because they were discriminated against or confronted with threats, violence or persecution because of their humanist or atheist life-stance.

Agustín Nieto Caballero (1889–1975) was a Colombian pedagogue who, in 1914, founded Gimnasio Moderno, a prestigious a private all-male traditional and liberal, primary and secondary school located in Bogotá, Colombia. It was founded in 1914 by various Colombians following the leading initiative of Agustín Nieto Caballero and co-founders José María Samper Brush, Daniel Samper Ortega, Tomás Rueda Vargas, and Ricardo Lleras Codazzi, freethinkers. The school is considered to be the oldest new school in South America (source?) in a time were education was dominated by the Church-ruled Catholic schools. Mr. Nieto Caballero was the preceptor of illustrious Colombians that studied at Gimnasio Moderno.

Perennial topics included conspiracy theories (typically aimed at Freemasons, socialists, communists, freethinkers, or any combination thereof), conservative Roman Catholic dogma, the domination of Quebec by English Canada, and the subversive effects of the Boy Scout movement. It survived his death and, under the editorship of his son, ceased publication circa 1920. In the 1890s, he wrote a futuristic roman à clef about Canadian politics called Pour la Patrie (translated into English the 1970s as For My Country). In it, he accused John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister of Canada, of being a Freemason who conspired with the devil to oppress Quebec and crush the French language.

1 The theater busts included (extraordinary for the times) women and freethinkers such as Thomas Paine, Robert Ingersoll, Walt Whitman, Victor Hugo, George Sand and Voltaire among others.2 The company expanded and Beckwith became a very popular man in town. He served as mayor for much of the 1880s and he invested a great deal of money and energy into various philanthropic activities. Beckwith died in January 1889 at the age of 54, leaving the management of the firm to his son-in-law, Fred E. Lee. Round Oak Stove Company officially became the Estate of P.D. Beckwith Incorporated after Beckwith’s death and continued expanding into the early 1900s.

Miletić attended Gymnasia in Novi Sad, Modra, and Požun (Bratislava), and defended a juristical doctorate in Vienna in 1854, but found his real vocation in politics, and at once constituted himself champion of the most advanced opinions. He wrote a song Već se srbska zastava vije svuda javno (Already the Serb flag is unfurled everywhere), which was sung as the anthem of Vojvodina. He was a political fighter for the freedom and rights of Serbs and other peoples in Austria- Hungary. Miletić was a founder of Ujedinjena omladina srpska (United Serb Youth), and founder and leader of the Srpska narodna slobodoumna stranka (Serb National Freethinkers Party).

Ironically, this last work came to be highly regarded by freethinkers and other religious skeptics. Corliss Lamont includes portions of the third canto in his A Humanist Funeral Service. Mallock himself, in his introduction, seems to be offering it, somewhat condescendingly, for the use of such non-Christians when he writes: > Those, however, who... are adherents of the principles which [Lucretius] > shares with the latest scientists of to-day, can hardly find the only hope > which is open to them expressed by any writer with a loftier and more > poignant dignity than that with which they will find it expressed by the > Roman disciple of Epicurus.Mallock (1900), p. xxi.

The Kiss of Love protest was sparked off in October 2014 when Jaihind TV, a Malayalam news channel owned by the Indian National Congress, telecast an exclusive report on alleged immoral activity at the parking space of Downtown Cafe in Kozhikode. The video showed a young couple kissing and hugging each other. A mob of attackers, who were later identified as belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha vandalized the cafe following the report. Following this, Rahul Pasupalan, a short film maker from Kerala together with his wife Resmi R Nair and a group of friends from a Facebook page called Freethinkers, started the Facebook page Kiss of Love.

Robert Buckman was the head of the association in Canada, and is now an honorary president. After World War II, three prominent Humanists became the first directors of major divisions of the United Nations: Julian Huxley of UNESCO, Brock Chisholm of the World Health Organization, and John Boyd-Orr of the Food and Agriculture Organization. In 2004, American Humanist Association, along with other groups representing agnostics, atheists, and other freethinkers, joined to create the Secular Coalition for America which advocates in Washington, D.C., for separation of church and state and nationally for the greater acceptance of nontheistic Americans. The Executive Director of Secular Coalition for America is Larry T. Decker.

Several humanist groups (including CFU, CFI-Canada, the British Humanist Association, American Atheists, Secular Coalition for America, and Freethinkers of University of Missouri's campus) took part in cities the US, Canada, the UK, and Bangladesh. Many writers, activists, and prominent intellectuals around the world including Salman Rushdie, Taslima Nasrin, Hemant Mehta, Maryam Namazie, PZ Myers, Avijit Roy, Anu Muhammad, Ajoy Roy, Qayyum Chowdhury, Ramendu Majumdar, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal publicly expressed their solidarity with the arrested bloggers. Three of the arrested bloggers eventually were released on bail, however the court denied bail for Asif Mohiuddin and he was sent to prison on 2 June 2013. He was released after three months but still faces charges.

The first part of the book presents an overview of the theological-juridical underpinnings of apostasy in Islam based upon the Qur’an, the hadiths and written opinions from classical schools of Islamic jurisprudence, as well as contemporary written pronouncements of Islamic jurists. The next section presents the history of the application of Islamic jurisprudence on apostates, documenting notable cases from the early centuries of Islam, such as those of freethinkers Ibn al-Rawandi and Rhazes (865–925), or skeptical poets such as Omar Khayyam (1048–1131) and Hafiz (1320–89), or Sufi (mystic) practitioners Mansur Al-Hallaj (executed in 922), As-Suhrawardi (executed in 1191), and the skeptic al-Ma'arri (973–1057).

The Venizelists entered the elections as a coalition of five "parties of the liberals" under the leadership of Eleftherios Venizelos. These parties were the Democratic Union (later the Agricultural and Labour Party) under the leadership of Alexandros Papanastasiou, the National Democratic Party led by Georgios Kondylis, the Conservative Democratic Party under Andreas Michalakopoulos and the Progressive Union under the leadership of Konstantinos Zavitsanos. Because he wanted to follow an independent line from Venizelos, Georgios Kafantaris together with some personal friends and various dissatisfied liberals founded the Progressive Party. The anti-Venizelist movement went into the elections divided as the People's Party, the Freethinkers' Party and a few independent royalists who put themselves up for election.

Dhammaloka produced a large amount of published material, some of which, as was common for the day, consisted of reprints or edited versions of writing by other authors, mostly western atheists or freethinkers, some of whom returned the favour in kind. In the early 1900s Dhammaloka published and reprinted a number of individual tracts attacking Christian missionaries or outlining Buddhist ideas. In 1907 he founded the Buddhist Tract Society in Rangoon, which produced a large number of tracts of this nature. It was originally intended to produce ten thousand copies of each of a hundred tracts; while it is not clear if it reached this number of titles, print runs were very large.

In the nineteenth century, open proclamation of atheist views were rare, although a certain part of the intelligentsia openly admitted to atheism (including Vaclav Nałkowski and Maria Sklodowska-Curie). During the Second Republic, President Gabriel Narutowicz was accused of being an atheist.M. Ruszczyc, Strzały w Zachęcie, Katowice 1987, s. 163. . In general, then Polish overt atheism was a very widespread view, even among anti-clerical and secular intelligentsia, as evidenced by the fact that in the Second Republic the traditional association of atheists – Freemasonry of the Great East - has not been established despite the existence of acting freethinking organizations: Polish Association of Freethinkers, Polish Association of Free Thought or Warsaw Circle of Intellectuals.

In Germany during the Nazi era, a 1933 decree stated that "No National Socialist may suffer detriment... on the ground that he does not make any religious profession at all". However, the regime strongly opposed "godless communism", and all of Germany's atheist and largely left-wing freethought organizations such as the German Freethinkers League (500,000 members) were banned the same year; some right-wing groups were tolerated by the Nazis until the mid-1930s. In a speech made later in 1933, Hitler claimed to have "stamped out" the atheistic movement. During the negotiations which lead up to the Nazi-Vatican Concordat of 26 April 1933 Hitler stated that "Secular schools can never be tolerated" because of their irreligious tendencies.

Alfonso II d'Este, by Girolamo da Carpi (Museo del Prado, Madrid) In 1570 the city was held by Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, vassal of Pope Pius V, a beloved ruler and a devoted liberal art patron, but careless and a big spender as an administrator. Alfonso was the main sponsor of many artists including Torquato Tasso, Giovanni Battista Guarini, Luzzasco Luzzaschi and Cesare Cremonini, confirming the reputation of Ferrara as a haven for artists and freethinkers. The emerging of the city as a cultural powerhouse came at the cost of a sharp increase in taxes. The city was a safe refuge for Jews and converts from the persistent prosecutions promoted by the Roman Catholic Church.

Euler and his friend Daniel Bernoulli were opponents of Leibniz's monadism and the philosophy of Christian Wolff. Euler insisted that knowledge is founded in part on the basis of precise quantitative laws, something that monadism and Wolffian science were unable to provide. Euler's religious leanings might also have had a bearing on his dislike of the doctrine; he went so far as to label Wolff's ideas as "heathen and atheistic". Much of what is known of Euler's religious beliefs can be deduced from his Letters to a German Princess and an earlier work, Rettung der Göttlichen Offenbahrung gegen die Einwürfe der Freygeister (Defense of the Divine Revelation against the Objections of the Freethinkers).

An Argument to Prove that the Abolishing of Christianity in England May, as Things Now Stand Today, be Attended with Some Inconveniences, and Perhaps not Produce Those Many Good Effects Proposed Thereby, commonly referred to as An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity, is a satirical essay by Jonathan Swift defending Christianity, and in particular, Anglicanism, against contemporary assaults by its various opponents, including freethinkers, deists, Antitrinitarians, atheists, Socinians, and other so-called "Dissenters." The essay was written in 1708Brian Young (1998), Religion and the Enlightenment, p.31 and, as was common at the time, was distributed widely as a pamphlet.. The essay is known for its sophisticated, multi-layered irony, and is regarded as a prime example of political satire.

The daughter of a single mother belonging to a family of freethinkers and republicans, Consuelo Berges did not go to school. She was educated by reading everything in the extensive family library, in Spanish and French. At 15 she moved to Santander, to the home of her father's family, to prepare for the entrance exam to the Normal School of Teachers, whose instructors came from Madrid's Higher School of Teaching, using methods inspired by the new pedagogical theories of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza. After finishing her training, she worked in Cabezón de la Sal, where she started at the Torre Academy, an initiative of , who did not have a teaching degree, to prepare high school students.

Part of the school day openings is a religious practice. Freethinkers Association, former Secretary General Erkki Hartikainen complained UN Human Rights Committee for the high school morning prayers, as well as the elementary school of the morning assemblies violation of church rights not listed. The new Freedom of Religion Act adjusting the Government submitted that the Act should be included in the new code of conduct, which the organizer of education would have had a duty to inform the church services and other religious practices watched in events parents of pupils, as well as to arrange for the duration of these events, other activities for those children, who do not participate in devotion. The Parliament deleted the articles proposed legislation.

For example, a critical reviewer of Weikart's book writes that "(h)is historicization of the moral framework of evolutionary theory poses key issues for those in sociobiology and evolutionary psychology, not to mention bioethicists, who have recycled many of the suppositions that Weikart has traced." Another example is recent scholarship that portrays Ernst Haeckel's Monist League as a mystical progenitor of the Völkisch movement and, ultimately, of the Nazi Party of Adolf Hitler. Scholars opposed to this interpretation, however, have pointed out that the Monists were freethinkers who opposed all forms of mysticism, and that their organizations were immediately banned following the Nazi takeover in 1933 because of their association with a wide variety of causes including feminism, pacifism, human rights, and early gay rights movements.

Annie Laurie Gaylor has argued in her collection of writings by female freethinkers that "the women's movement has not acknowledged the debt it owes to the unorthodox, freethinking women in its ranks. Their non-religious views often have been suppressed, as if shameful, when in fact repudiation of patriarchal religion is an essential step in freeing women." Indeed, "the status of women and the history of the women's rights movement cannot be understood except in the context of women's fight to be free from religion ... if there was one cause which had a logical and consistent affinity with freethought, it was feminism."A. L. Gaylor (ed.), Women Without Superstition: "No Gods – No Masters" (Madison, WI.: Freedom from Religion Press, 1997), pp. xiii-xv.

These views brought them in contact with other dissident groups and they all entered into the political arena when the Restoration-era Church refused to tolerate their "heresies". Debates over the secularization of cemeteries in particular granted spiritists a degree of public legitimacy and brought them into the circle of freethinkers who embraced republicanism.Lisa Abend, "Specters of the Secular: Spiritism in Nineteenth-century Spain," European History Quarterly (2004) 34#4 pp 507-534 The first instance of anti-clerical violence due to political conflict in the 19th century occurred during the First Spanish Civil War (1820–23). During riots in Catalunya, 20 clergymen were killed by members of the liberal movement in retaliation for the Church's siding with absolutist supporters of Ferdinand VII.

In Puerto Rico, the anarchist movement opposed the influence of the AFL, the politics of the United States, the influence of the Catholic Church and other institutions that they regarded as imposing on the freedom of Puerto Ricans. Alliances were promoted and in the long run, they created alliances with groups as diverse as the freethinkers and the Espiritistas (based on sharing a common interest in their opposition of the Catholic Church) with the posture of some like Capetillo facilitating these links. Vilar also participated in loose associations with members of the FLT and PS, collaborating in common interests. During the 1910s, Bayamón anarchists collaborated with the New York-based Cultura Obrera and Brazo y Cerebro, which were also distributed locally among other foreign publications.

Fleming, a member of the House Armed Services Committee, proposed an amendment to the fiscal year 2014 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) providing that "Except in cases of military necessity, the Armed Forces shall accommodate the beliefs, actions, and speech" of members of the armed forces.Corrie Mitchell, Conservatives say religious freedom is 'under attack' in military, Religion News Service (July 10, 2013). This amendment was supported by Christian Conservative groups such as the Family Research Council, which asserted that religious freedom was under attack in the military, and opposed by atheist groups such as the Military Religious Freedom Foundation and the Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers, which asserted that the amendment was unconstitutional and would enable harassment of LGBT people in the military.

Despite criticism from many orthodox Calvinists, Foster was becoming a celebrated preacher and academic, winning increasing recognition from many moderates within Protestant and Roman Catholic dissent, as well as from within the radical Deist wing of the Church of England. He was awarded the degree of Doctor of Divinity (DD) from the Marischal College in Aberdeen in December 1748 and was on several occasions offered livings in the conformist Church of Ireland by Bishop Thomas Rundle. Alexander Pope wrote in one of his Satires: :Let modest Foster, if he will, excel :Ten Metropolitans in preaching well. He also attracted freethinkers and London wits to his Old Jewry meetings and was respected - though disliked - by the orthodox Congregationalist Philip Doddridge of Northampton.

In Betrayal of the Innocents, Timothy Mitchell compares some of Joseph Lewis' work to Spanish anti-religious publishers and writers, who were "conducting a crude defamation campaign" against Christianity and religion as a whole, to show that, during that time period, American freethinkers were not any "more balanced" than the Spanish ones. As examples, Mitchell cites Lewis' Spain, a Land Blighted by Religion, where each and every problem faced by the cities mentioned in the books is blamed on the Catholic Church, and, as an example of Lewis' credibility, quotes him as giving the estimate of the victims of the Spanish Inquisition as totaling to more than 1 million.Mitchell, Timothy. Betrayal of the Innocents: Desire, Power, and the Catholic Church in Spain.

Among those who were fascinated by the radical Jesus were freethinkers, unionists, socialists, and anarchists, but the concept had little appeal to mainline Protestants, African-Americans, or Catholics. Burns also emphasizes division between Social Gospel and Christian socialists from "radical religionists" who emphasized Jesus as a human, political figure and rejected his divinity, as well as between those who were genuinely inspired by the story of Jesus versus those who appropriated Jesus to support their causes. Among the figures analyzed by the book are abolitionists Ernest Renan and Frederick Douglass, religious dissenters such as Robert Ingersoll and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. In the second chapter socialist conceptions of Jesus by George Herron and Cyrenus Ward are discussed, as well as religious conflict within the Socialist Party.

Also in 1903, Straucher built on his friendship with intellectuals from Bukovina's other main communities, the Romanian Aurel Onciul, of the Democratic Peasants' Party, and the Ukrainian Nikolai von Wassilko. The three of them set up a Freisinnige Verband ("Freethinkers' Alliance", as in Germany's Freisinnige Partei), noted for condemning the spread of antisemitism. Ștefan Purici, "Iancu Flondor (1865–1924). O viață în slujba dreptății", in the Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava's Codrul Cosminului, Nr. 10 (2004), p.263-264 The unifying idea of this Verband was electoral reform, that is the attempt to reduce the number of seats allocated to boyars and reassign them according to Straucher's own system; all nationalities involved in the project agreed to follow their respective agenda to a greater emancipation.

He published a 278-page work on the origins of Lithuanians (he followed the discredited theories of Jonas Basanavičius that Lithuanians hailed from the Balkans or Anatolia) in 1899 and the first two volumes of his three-volume history of Lithuania in 1904–1905. He organized the Martyrs' Committee, which raised funds for the support of Lithuanians imprisoned or exiled to Siberia due to their political or cultural work, in 1900 and became treasurer of the Union of Lithuanian Freethinkers in America () in 1901. The was established only in May 1905 after the start of the revolution in Russia. Šliūpas was elected its treasurer but withdrew within five months due to disagreements on how to distribute funds raised for the support of the revolution and Lithuanians.

But after the Decembrist revolt of December 1825 it became a conservative pro-government publication. By his own admission, Bulgarin worked with the chief of the Third Section, Count Alexander von Benckendorff, and used the knowledge gained by his position in writing reports for the police. Northern Bee enjoyed a monopoly on political news and Bulgarin used its platform to express in various ways his disgust for constitutionalism and the parliamentary speakers in France and England, representing them as screamers and freethinkers in need of looking after by the police. Having begun by publishing Pushkin and Ryleyev, including an enthusiastic review of the latter's poem "Voynarovsky", the paper turned to harassing Pushkin, mocking his antics and reproaching him for freethinking.

Monument to the Chevalier de la Barre - Paris, 18th arr. at Sacré-Cœur de Montmartre, circa 1906 The Freemasons of the Grand Orient of France and other organized freethinkers obtained the elevation of the first Chevalier de la Barre statue in Paris as "the antidote in front of poison" to the Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Paris (Sacré-Cœur) on Montmartre during 1897.Monument au chevalier de La Barre - Paris, 18e arr.. (Monument to the Chevalier de la Barre - Paris, 18th arr.). E-Monumen.net The Municipal Council of Paris during 1904 recovered 5000 m² of land wrongfully retained by the archdiocese and decided to award a 5,000-franc grant toward the completion of the statue at this location in line with the great portal of the Sacré-Cœur, Paris.

A full-size mock-up of the statue and base, as sculpted by freethinker Armand Bloch, was inaugurated on 3 September 1905 at the Congress of Freethinkers. The following year, 1906, the statue was cast in bronze and was placed 'provisionally' by the Paris City Council at the gate of the Sacré-Cœur basilica during a ceremony which was attended by approximately 25,000 spectators. In 1926 the statue of the Chevalier de la Barre on Montmartre was moved away from the approach of the basilica entrance to the nearby and lower elevation of Square Nadar. This original Chevalier de la Barre statue by Bloch was eventually toppled on 11 October 1941 and melted down with other non-religious statues by the Vichy France regime under Marshal and Chief of State of Vichy France Philippe Pétain.

Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley write that throughout their existence, organizations advocating first-day Sabbatarianism, such as the Lord's Day Alliance in North America and the Lord's Day Observance Society in the British Isles, were supported by labor unions in lobbying "to prevent secular and commercial interests from hampering freedom of worship and from exploiting workers." For example, the United States Congress was supported by the Lord's Day Alliance in securing "a day of rest for city postal clerks whose hours of labor, unlike those of city mail carriers, were largely unregulated." In Canada, the Ligue du Dimanche, a Roman Catholic Sunday league, supported the Lord's Day Act in 1923 and promoted first-day Sabbatarian legislation. Beginning in the 1840s, workers, Jews, Seventh Day Baptists, freethinkers, and other groups began to organize opposition.

The Ark replica, dubbed Ark Encounter, is a project of the apologetics ministry Answers in Genesis. The movie follows the construction of the replica largely through the eyes of three individuals: Doug Henderson, the head designer, is a biblical literalist and develops lifelike animals to populate the Ark; David MacMillan is a former creationist (and a charter member of the parent Creation Museum) who now tries to convince creationists that modern science is compatible with religion; and geologist Dan Phelps, who fights against the "non-science" promulgated by the Ark Encounter. Phelps is joined by a local pastor, Chris Caldwell, in protesting tax incentives granted to the Ark Encounter. Opening day attracted protests by Tri-State Freethinkers, led by Jim Helton, and a counter-protest organized by the creationist Eric Hovind.

Freethinkers Association believes that Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland and Finnish Orthodox Church, will be changed into ordinary associations that do not have to levy taxes. Vapaa-ajattelijain liitto ja Suomen ateistiyhdistys vaativat lainsäädännössä muun muassa # State Church system, dismantling, so that in any social activities is not required or engage in any kind of religious activity # Cessation of social support for the religious denominations # Cessation of religious education from day care centers, schools and the theological faculties the abolition of state universities # I believe peace - and blasphemy aside # General funeral action the transfer of the State and municipalities. Removing # faiths tax law and marriage marriage ceremonies. Free-thinkers, the main reason for the Finns belong to the church is the church of cemeteries maintenance, although in many European countries municipalities take care of the funeral action.

In 1914-15, after withdrawing from the Socialist Party, Harrison began work with freethinkers, the freethought/anarchist-influenced Modern School Movement (started by the martyred Spanish anarchist/educator Francisco Ferrer), and his own Radical Forum. He also spoke widely on topics such as birth control, evolution, literature, nonbelief, and the racial aspects of World War I. His outdoor talks and free speech efforts were instrumental in developing a Harlem tradition of militant street corner oratory. He paved the way for those who followed, including A. Philip Randolph, Marcus Garvey, Richard B. Moore, and (later) Malcolm X. In 1915-16, after a New York Age editorial by James Weldon Johnson praised his street lectures, Harrison decided to concentrate his work in Harlem's Black community. He wrote reviews on the developing Black Theatre and the pioneering Lafayette Players of the Lafayette Theatre (Harlem).

Dhammaloka's identification of Buddhism with free thought – and his consequent rejection of multi-faith positions – was tenable within Theravada Buddhism. In terms of the global Buddhism of his day it aligned him with Buddhist rationalists and those who aimed at a Buddhist revival resisting colonial and missionary Christianity; this contrasted both with post-Theosophist Buddhists who saw all religions as ultimately one and with those who sought recognition for Buddhism as a world religion on a par with (and by implication extending equal recognition to) Christianity. Beyond this, his Buddhism seems to have focussed primarily on the major concerns for Burmese monks of the day, above all correct observance of the Vinaya. In western terms this reflected a persistent concern of plebeian freethinkers in particular to assert that morality without threat of religious punishment was entirely possible, and to his own temperance concerns.

PLANS secretary Dan Dugan delivered prepared presentations to various organizations and PLANS distributed packets of prepared print materials to school boards which were at the time considering adopting Waldorf methods in their districts.Background corporate statement dated 10-25-1999, application for IRS tax exemption. One such presentation was delivered to the Sacramento Atheists and Other Freethinkers on Jun 9, 1996, and Sacramento Bee's Jan Ferris reported in "Will Summer Chill Waldorf Protests" (6/11/1997) that in Sacramento's John Morse Waldorf Methods School's otherwise peaceful first year, some objections to the school were made by Sacramento area atheists protesting the school's inclusion of Old Testament stories and cross-cultural creation myths. Dugan also established a webpage for the organization and moderated a public email discussion list, devoted to topics on the Waldorf curriculum, anthroposophy, and to discussion related to the Waldorf schools.

According to Derkx, freethought does not necessarily lead to atheism, but it does strive towards a pluriform society. In Derkx' view, this includes a separation of church and state in the sense that the government does not give preference to any (supporters and organisations of a) particular life stance. This means the state may either not support any religious or life stance organisation (financially) or support them all equally by, for example, giving airtime to churches as well as humanists and freethinkers within the Dutch public broadcasting system or subsidising both religious education and humanist education. Another important issue for the association is safeguarding education and teaching from indoctrination; it wants to prevent children from getting one single belief system imposed on them before they have developed the intellectual capacities to critically consider them for themselves.

Later, when Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton analyzed the influences which led to the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, they identified three causes, the first two being the radical ideas of Frances Wright and Ernestine Rose on religion and democracy, and the initial reforms in women's property law in the 1830s and 1840s. Ernestine later joined a group of freethinkers who had organized a Society for Moral Philanthropists, at which she often lectured. In 1837, she took part in a debate that continued for thirteen weeks, where her topics included the advocacy of abolition of slavery, women's rights, equal opportunities for education, and civil rights. In 1845 she was in attendance at the First National Convention of Infidels (meaning atheists). Ernestine Rose also introduced "the agitation on the subject of women's suffrage" in Michigan in 1846.

France remained basically Catholic. The census of 1872 counted 36 million people, of whom 35.4 million were listed as Catholics, 600,000 as Protestants, 50,000 as Jews and 80,000 as freethinkers The Revolution failed to destroy the Catholic Church, and Napoleon's concordat of 1801 restored its status. The return of the Bourbons in 1814 brought back many rich nobles and landowners who supported the Church, seeing it as a bastion of conservatism and monarchism. However the monasteries with their vast land holdings and political power were gone; much of the land had been sold to urban entrepreneurs who lacked historic connections to the land and the peasants. Few new priests were trained in the 1790–1814 period, and many left the church. The result was that the number of parish clergy plunged from 60,000 in 1790 to 25,000 in 1815, many of them elderly.

The secular movement refers to a social and political trend in the United States, beginning in the early years of the 20th century, with the founding of the American Association for the Advancement of Atheism in 1925 and the American Humanist Association in 1941, in which atheists, agnostics, secular humanists, freethinkers, and other nonreligious and nontheistic Americans have grown in both numbers and visibility. There has been a sharp increase in the number of Americans who identify as religiously unaffiliated, from under 10 percent in the 1990s to 20 percent in 2013. The trend is especially pronounced among young people, with about one in three Americans younger than 30 identifying as religiously unaffiliated, a figure that has nearly tripled since the 1990s. The secular movement in the United States has caused friction in the culture war and in other areas of American society.

This includes a synthesis of ideas, deities, and personalities that show how they combined to favor the rise and dominance of Christianity over religious competitors such as Mithraism, which lacked a human founder and excluded the general public, and Manichaeism, which invited the general public but lacked a deified founder. The thrust of his work is to show that Christianity evolved from pagan religions and Judaism rather than arose full-blown from the mind of a single religious prophet. Although he had no advanced degree in the subject, his works were popular with Freethinkers, and he defended his theories to his death. A longtime friend of historian Harry Elmer Barnes, Larson was a member of the Editorial Advisory Committee of the Institute for Historical Review's Journal of Historical Review from its first issue in 1980 to his death.

I > hurried through the 50 titles (and they were good ones, too, for I haven't > believed in trash at any time in my life) and got many letters expressing > satisfaction with the venture. Encouraged, I announced a second batch of 50 > titles, and called for $5 subscriptions...Meanwhile, the booklets were > selling well to readers who hadn't subscribed for batches of 50.pg 30 of The > World of Haldeman-Julius, Emanuel Haldeman-Julius, 1960, published in New > York; citation and quotation taken from Susan Jacoby's Freethinkers: A > History of American Secularism, 2004, , . Published by Henry Holt and > Company; cover design John Candell In 1919 they began printing these works at a rate of 24,000 a day in a series called Appeal's Pocket Series on cheap pulp paper, stapled and bound with a red stiff paper cover for 25 cents.

The eldest of four children, Tzimas was born to the family of Dimitrios Tzimas, a Vlach jurist and lawyer from Samarina. His mother, Ourania Alvanou, came from Moschopolis in what is now Albania. Born in Kastoria, Tzimas spent his first years in Skopje, where his father had moved, until the Balkan Wars led the family to relocate once more to Kastoria, which now had passed from the Ottoman Empire to the Kingdom of Greece. Despite his father's conservative and royalist tendencies—he even served briefly as an MP with Ioannis Metaxas' Freethinkers' Party in 1926–28—the young Andreas swiftly turned to the nascent Communist Party of Greece (KKE), leading to his expulsion from his law studies in the University of Athens in 1929. He returned to his home town of Kastoria, and performed his military service in 1930.

El Ghazzali looking over Zürich, 2014 Since 2012 El Ghazzali has been serving as International Humanist and Ethical Union Representative at the United Nations Human Rights Council, Geneva, where he criticized Saudi Arabia for persecuting freethinkers and liberals like the poet Hamza Kashgari and the blogger Raif Badawi. El Ghazali also criticised his home state of Morocco for unconstitutionally silencing the voices of atheists. During the 25th Session of the Human Rights Council, El Ghazzali criticised the fact that several states in which convicted ‘blasphemers’ are currently in jail are also current members of the Human Rights Council. At the beginning of the 37th session of the Human Rights Council, Iran's Justice Minister Alireza Avayi criticised “self-identified champions of human rights who, through finger pointing, unjustly and widely blame others for violations of human rights” at the United Nations.

Toland was a man not of his time; one who advocated principles of virtue in duty, principles that had little place in the England of Robert Walpole, governed by cynicism and self-interest. His intellectual reputation, moreover, was subsequently eclipsed by the likes of John Locke and David Hume, and still more by Montesquieu and the French radical thinkers. Edmund Burke in his Reflections on the Revolution in France wrote dismissively of Toland and his fellows: "Who, born within the last 40 years, has read one word of Collins, and Toland, and Tindal, and Chubb, and Morgan, and that whole race who called themselves Freethinkers?" Still, in Christianity not Mysterious, the book for which he is best known, Toland laid down a challenge not just to the authority of the established church, but to all inherited and unquestioned authority.

Some philosophers such as Thomas Paine, David Hume, George Holyoake, Charles Bradlaugh, Voltaire and Rousseau earned the label of infidel or freethinkers, both personally and for their respective traditions of thought because of their attacks on religion and opposition to the Church. They established and participated in a distinctly labeled, infidel movement or tradition of thought, that sought to reform their societies which were steeped in Christian thought, practice, laws and culture. The Infidel tradition was distinct from parallel anti-Christian, sceptic or deist movements, in that it was anti-theistic and also synonymous with atheism. These traditions also sought to set up various independent model communities, as well as societies, whose traditions then gave rise to various other socio-political movements such as secularism in 1851, as well as developing close philosophical ties to some contemporary political movements such as socialism and the French Revolution.

A National Day of Reason protest in Oklahoma City The National Day of Reason is a secular celebration for humanists, atheists, and other secularists and freethinkers in response to the National Day of Prayer, a legal holiday in the United States.National Day of Reason Celebrated as an Alternative to National Day of Prayer American Humanist Association Press Release The day is celebrated on the first Thursday in May of every year, to coincide with the National Day of Prayer, which many atheist and secular groups view to be unconstitutional. The purpose of the National Day of Reason is to "celebrate reason—a concept all Americans can support—and to raise public awareness about the persistent threat to religious liberty posed by government intrusion into the private sphere of worship." The National Day of Reason is also meant to help build community among the non-religious in the United States.

The association increased its membership and influence partially due to Hendrik H. Huisman (1821–1873), secretary from 1859 on and chair from 1865 on. Writer Eduard Douwes Dekker (Multatuli), who never formally became a member, achieved fame in this period through his popular passionate writings that criticised society. Thereafter the association suffered from internal disputes: in 1867, twenty deistic members seceded to form the social activist group De Humaniteit ("Humaneness"). Other members walked away, and the publication of De Dageraad was interrupted, which broke the national bond between freethinkers In an attempt to innovate, the association briefly changed its name to Het Vrije Onderzoek ("The Free Inquiry", 1873–1876), and jointly published a Manifesto with De Humaniteit in 1875 calling on 'all those free from faith in the Netherlands' to join forces for separation of church and state; poor relief by the government instead of the churches; and compulsory primary education.

The publisher of the first volume, Jacobus Hazenberg, refused to continue his association with the work; the remaining four were published by the outspoken liberal, Frans Günst, from volume three as installments (from October 1, 1855) of the newly founded journal for freethinkers, De Dageraad (Dawn). Recovered from his ills, Junghuhn returned to Java in 1855. Highly interested in botany and its practical applications, he (together with J.E. de Vrij of Bandung) became embroiled in a bitter and extended controversy with Johannes Elias Teijsmann, hortulanus of 's Lands Plantentuin at Buitenzorg (now Bogor) and J.C. Hasskarl about the effectiveness of Cinchona species in the treatment of malaria. This controversy was conducted in public and in print with open letters to and demands on "Het Natuurkundig Genootschap"; part of this exchange of minds can be followed in Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië from 1862 onwards.

Redactie NRC Handelsblad (31-07-2008) "'Vrijdenkersruimte' VVD en PVV is open"4Art, AVRO (2011) Ann Demeester in conversation with Jonas Staal on the Freethinkers' Space The third part opened in Extra City in Antwerp,Website Extra City 1:1, Hans van Houwelingen and Jonas Staal, Extra City Kunsthal Antwerpen and continued in the form of a theater piece in Frascati in Amsterdam.Theater Encyclopedia Art, Property of Politics III: Closed Architecture - Society as Prison Central in the project is a thesis entitled Closed Architecture (2004)Website Freedom Party Curriculum Vitae Fleur Agema written by the far-right MP Fleur Agema, number two on the list of the Dutch Freedom Party (Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV). The thesis comprises a sketch for a new prison model, which Agema has developed during her master's degree in Interior Design. In the project Staal expanded Agema’s sketches into a fully developed model.

During the 18th century, several notable authors and freethinkers embraced Ancient Greek religion to some extent, studying and translating ancient works of theology and philosophy, and in some cases composing original hymns and devotionals to the Ancient Greek pantheon. The English author John Fransham (1730–1810) was one example, considered an eccentric by his peers, who was also referred to as a pagan and a polytheist. In Fransham's 1769 book The Oestrum of Orpheus, he advanced a theology similar to that of the Neoplatonists: that the first cause of existence is uncreated and indestructible, but not intelligent, and that the universe is shaped by "innumerable intelligent powers or forces, 'plastic and designing,' who ruled all sublunary affairs, and may most fitly be designated by the nomenclature of the Hellenic theology." Despite his apparent belief in the Hellenic gods, Fransham does not seem to have been particularly devoted to their worship.

Secular Conference 2017 passes a resolution condemning the Egyptian government's persecution of Ismail Mohamed and all other freethinkers. During a February 2014 interview with BBC News journalist Hadya Alalawi in Alexandria, Mohamed said he and his fellow nonbelievers wanted to normalise atheism in Egypt instead of having to leave the country where his family and job are. While the interview was going on, they were interrupted by passers-by, who objected to him expressing and spreading his atheistic views publicly. Mohamed stated that he believes the El-Sisi administration is open to atheism, citing media reports of the president speaking in favour of atheists in a meeting with intellectuals in January 2015. “I believe El-Sisi understands the backwardness we’ve reached by way of prior religious speech. [El-Sisi] saved us from the darkness of Muslim Brotherhood rule,” Al-Ahram quoted Mohamed as saying.

The Progressive League was a British organisation for social reform and the promotion of scientific humanism, founded in 1932 by H. G. Wells and C. E. M. Joad under the name "Federation of Progressive Societies and Individuals" (FPSI). One of the first of a generation of non-governmental organisations, as influenced by Wells' idea of the "open conspiracy", the organisation had its heydey in the 1930s and 1940s, advancing liberal and humanistic approaches to many of the issues that animated the concerns of contemporary intellectuals and freethinkers. The organisation became quieter in the later part of the 20th century as numerous other organisations sprang up as specialised advocates for many of the same causes - many of which had originally spun-off from the League, such as the Marriage Law Reform Society. At the same time, within the humanist movement, other organisations such as the British Humanist Association became prominent as broad platform campaigners for social reform.

Between 1929 and 1934, he lectured on the Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas under the auspices of the University of London External Lectures scheme. Tens of thousands of people heard him preach in Hyde Park for the Catholic Evidence Guild, where he did not shy away from taking on all challengers—Protestants, atheists, and freethinkers—before vast crowds every Sunday, or heard him debate such luminaries as George Bernard Shaw in the city's theaters and conference halls on the burning social issues of the day. Fr. McNabb was described as a 13th-century monk living in 20th-century London, pursuing such tasks as reading the Old Testament (and taking notes on it) in Hebrew, reading the New Testament (and quoting from it) in Greek, and reading the works of St. Thomas Aquinas (and writing his reflections on them) in Latin. Throughout his life, Fr. McNabb had little to call his own, except his Bible, his breviary, and his copy of the Summa Theologica.

During 1994 the PRIDE Board made the decision to pursue a lease rather than purchase a building, in order to expedite the opening of a Pride Centre. The following year, on 25 June 1995, the PRIDE Centre was officially opened at 26 Hutchinson Street, Surry Hills PRIDE Sydney Lesbian and Gay Community Centre Annual Report (1995). Inaugural tenants included Fitness Exchange and Support of Positive YouthPRIDE Sydney Lesbian and Gay Community Centre Annual Report (1995), who were soon joined by Alternative NetworksPRIDE Sydney Lesbian and Gay Community Centre (1996); later tenants included Women's Liberation House, Sydney Leather Pride, The Luncheon Club, The Larder, Positive Access Program, Out & Out, Deaf Gay and Lesbian Association, Gay Freethinkers, Gay & Lesbian Martial Arts, Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence, Team Sydney and Sydney's Pride History Group was founded through discussions at the Centre PRIDE Sydney Lesbian and Gay Community Centre Annual Report (2002). While the Centre has closed, activities like Sydney's annual pride festival carry on in a different form.

Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen, a Freemason and notable proponent of the university's original establishment The Free University of Brussels was founded as the Free University of Belgium (Université libre de Belgique) on 20 November 1834 in the aftermath of Belgium's independence in 1830. Belgium had possessed three State universities at Leuven, Ghent, and Liège under Dutch rule but teaching had been extensively disrupted by the revolution and continued hostilities with the Dutch. As early as 1831, Belgian freemasons of the Les Amis philanthropes lodge had considered founding a new private university. News of the imminent creation of the Catholic University of Mechelen revived the initiative among those with anti- clerical ideas, especially freemasons, liberals, and other freethinkers. Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen and Auguste Baron led the fundraising for the new institution from April 1834. It was officially founded on 20 November 1834 in the former Palace of Charles of Lorraine in Brussels with the help of the mayor Nicolas-Jean Rouppe.

Jalta.nl was founded in 2014 by Joshua Livestro and Annabel Nanninga with the goal of mounting "a forward defence of the West's values against Putin and Erdogan's dictatorial sophism and the open contempt of fundamentalists" (of IS). The name Jalta refers to the Yalta Conference (February 1945), where the conflicting interests of West and East were at play. In September 2015, Boudewijn Geels from Villamedia Magazine wrote that the political climate was favorable for a right-wing blog, but that Jalta (which includes "freethinkers who aren't necessarily 'right-wing' writers") could barely take advantage of this opportunity because of its business model; the paywall prevented the attraction of many potential readers. In April 2015, Bert Brussen from ThePostOnline (TPO), too, said that, in the long term, "I don't think paywall sites like Jalta and De Correspondent are business models", although Geels remarked it did work in the latter case, and thus was possible.

He wrote: > It was winter, and I was cold, but I sat down on a bench and read that > booklet straight through, without a halt, and never did I so much as notice > that my hands were blue, that my wet nose was numb, and that my ears felt as > hard as glass. Never until then, or since, did any piece of printed matter > move me more deeply...I'd been lifted out of this world - and by a 10¢ > booklet. I thought, at the moment, how wonderful it would be if thousands of > such booklets could be made available.pg 28 of The World of Haldeman-Julius, > Emanuel Haldeman-Julius, 1960, published in New York; citation and quotation > taken from Susan Jacoby's Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism, > 2004, , . Published by Henry Holt and Company; cover design John Candell In 1919 they purchased a publishing house in Girard, Kansas from their employer Appeal to Reason, a socialist weekly which had seen better days and that Haldeman-Julius edited.

Although a soldier, he respected the tradition of chivalry and regarded war as an evil inflicted by ambitious and unscrupulous politicians. He was particularly critical of liberals, who, in his opinion, provided cover for anarchism, communism and radicalism to flourish. He opposed Freemasonry for similar reasons, as a “secret society of freethinkers and fanatics”, believing the brotherhood to have been established by the mystic Illuminati and behind the violent revolutions of the 19th century.Dennis Wheatley, 1958, The Second Seal, London, Arrow Books, p. 316; Dennis Wheatley, 1957, The Prisoner in the Mask, London, Heron Books, pp. 269, 271-272; Dennis Wheatley, 1963, Vendetta in Spain, London, Arrow Books, pp. 58 and 68; Dennis Wheatley, 1962, The Golden Spaniard, London, Arrow Books, pp. 229-232; Dennis Wheatley, 1972, Strange Conflict, London, Heron Books, p. 1; Dennis Wheatley, 1967, Dangerous Inheritance, London, Arrow Books, p. 28. In 1903, he took part in a conspiracy to restore the French monarchy and place François, Duc de Vendôme on the throne.

It seems to have been inspired in part by Émile Zola's Lourdes (1884), a blistering denunciation of the industry that sprang up in Lourdes around the allegedly miraculous spring. One of Werfel's characters, Hyacinthe de Lafite, a member of the freethinkers' club that hangs around the town cafe, is not only fictional but a thinly disguised portrayal of Zola himself, re-imagined as a failed journalist/author who smugly casts Bernadette's experience in terms of the pagan history of the area: "The shepherd girl out of the antique world who, in the year 1858, sees the guardian nymph of the spring and redeems her from two thousand years of boredom[.]" By the end of the book, Lafite, the lady's "proudest foe", believing himself to be dying of cancer, is "lying on his knees" before the image of Bernadette's lady in the grotto, and crying out, "Bernadette Soubirous, pray for me!"The Song of Bernadette by Franz Werfel, p.

By 1875 he had joined the National Secular Society (NSS) Council and in 1877 became the first paid secretary of the organisation after the brief temporary tenure of George Standring. This followed Bradlaugh and Annie Besant falling out with Charles Watts (the original NSS secretary) over Bradlaugh and Besant's republication of the pioneering birth control pamphlet Charles Knowlton's 'Fruits of Philosophy' As secretary of the NSS Forder was closely involved with Bradlaugh's successful campaigns to publish birth control literature at a price all could afford and from 1880-1886 to enter the House of Commons as an MP for Northampton when initially barred due to his atheism. After Bradlaugh's resignation as President of the NSS and his death in 1891, Forder took over the freethinkers' publishing and bookselling business which Bradlaugh and Besant had established at 28 Stonecutter Street, close to Fleet Street. From this address, and until his death, Forder continued to publish and sell literature from what will have been London's leading radical bookshop and publishing house of its era.

This wave of immigrants created numerous German institutions, including banks, insurance companies, and newspapers. German immigrants also created a thriving German-language press, including publications such as the "Baltimore Wecker" ("Alarm"). Immigration from Germany increased again after the various Revolutions of 1848 flaring up throughout Europe, bringing thousands of "Forty-Eighters" to Baltimore. By the time of the American Civil War, there were 32,613 German-born residents of Baltimore, not counting their American-born descendants of first generation along with the earlier wave of colonial and pre-revolutionary era settlers. Many German immigrants were political and social liberals and freethinkers who would become politically active in opposing slavery, which at times attracted violent opposition from old nativists and Confederate sympathizers, rising eventually into the "Know Nothings" (American Party) which was unusually strong in the Old Line State in the 1850s. During the Baltimore riot of 1861, the office of the Baltimore Wecker was destroyed by mobs; the publisher, William Schnauffer, and the editor, Wilhelm Rapp, left the city due to the violence.

Some critics have drawn comparisons of the life of the author Lucila Gamero with the character of Blanca Olmedo in the novel, identifying an autobiographical element in that she is intellectual, religious, philosophical and even political. Both exhibited an element of pantheism and believed that nature is in intimate relationship with God and cannot co-exist without each other (p. 41). Critics have noted that they were both visionary and "freethinkers" at a time in history when Honduran and Central American women regardless of ethnicity and social class occupied a subordinate role with regard to men until at least the 1920s. Adding to the effect of the novel and the role of women in Honduras, in 1897, the president at the time Policarpo Bonilla, had said in a speech that he did not believe that women should study science, law, medicine, engineering, mathematics or physics, adding that as a woman they "do not govern a nation" and therefore should not to go into politics, diplomacy, economics, and statistics.

" In an interview with Guitar Messenger, Periphery guitarist Misha Mansoor said: In a later interview with Freethinkers Blog, Misha Mansoor stated that he felt djent had become "this big umbrella term for any sort of progressive band, and also any band that will [use] off-time chugs [...] You also get bands like Scale the Summit [who are referred to as] a djent band [when] 80% of their stuff sounds like clean channel, and it's all beautiful and pretty, you know [...] In that way, I think it's cool because it groups really cool bands together [...] We are surrounded by a lot of bands that I respect, but at the same time, I don't think people know what djent is either [...] It's very unclear." Later in the interview, he stated, "If you call us djent, that's fine. I mean, I would never self-apply the term, but at the same time, it's just so vague that I don't know what to make of it.""Periphery interview part 3 of 3.

218 The Hind and the Panther is considered the major poetic result of Dryden's conversion, and presents some evidence for thinking that Dryden became a Catholic from genuine conviction rather than political time-serving, in so far as his call for an alliance of Anglicans, Catholics and King against the Nonconformists directly contradicted James II's policy of appealing to the Nonconformists as allies against the Church of England.A. W. Ward and A. R. Waller (eds.) The Cambridge History of English Literature (Cambridge: University Press, 1933) vol. 8, p. 52 The Hind and the Panther falls into three parts: the first is a description of the different religious denominations, in which the Roman Catholic church appears as "A milk-white Hind, immortal and unchanged",Part 1, line 1 the Church of England as a panther, the Independents as a bear, the Presbyterians as a wolf, the Quakers as a hare, the Socinians as a fox, the Freethinkers as an ape, and the Anabaptists as a boar;Alexandre Beljame (ed.

While separating Roman Catholic from Protestants among Christians proved difficult in some cases, available information suggests that more Protestants were involved in the scientific categories and more Catholics were involved in the Literature and Peace categories. Atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers comprise 10.5% of total Nobel Prize winners; but in the category of Literature, these preferences rise sharply to about 35%. A striking fact involving religion is the high number of Laureates of the Jewish faith – over 20% of total Nobel Prizes (138); including: 17% in Chemistry, 26% in Medicine and Physics, 40% in Economics and 11% in Peace and Literature each. The numbers are especially startling in light of the fact that only some 14 million people (0.02% of the world's population) are Jewish. By contrast, only 5 Nobel Laureates have been of the Muslim faith-0.8% of total number of Nobel prizes awarded – from a population base of about 1.2 billion (20% of the world‘s population) While 32% have identified Protestant in its various forms (208 prize).

The specific narrow focus on positive atheism taken by some professional philosophers like Nagel on the one hand, compared with the scholarship on traditional negative atheism of freethinkers like d'Holbach and Smith on the other has been attributed to the different concerns of professional philosophers and layman proponents of atheism, Everitt (2004) makes the point that professional philosophers are more interested in the grounds for giving or withholding assent to propositions: > We need to distinguish between a biographical or sociological enquiry into > why some people have believed or disbelieved in God, and an epistemological > enquiry into whether there are any good reasons for either belief or > unbelief... We are interested in the question of what good reasons there are > for or against God's existence, and no light is thrown on that question by > discovering people who hold their beliefs without having good reasons for > them.Everitt, Nicholas, The Non-existence of God: An Introduction. London: > Routledge, 2004 (), p. 10. So, sometimes in philosophy (Flew, Martin and Nagel notwithstanding), only the explicit "denial of theistic belief" is examined, rather than the broader, implicit subject of atheism.

" In a petition published in The Guardian on 22 May 2015, 150 authors, including Salman Rushdie, Margaret Atwood, and Yann Martell, called on the government of Bangladesh to put an end to the deadly attacks on bloggers, urging the Prime Minister and government "to do all in their power to ensure that the tragic events of the last three months are not repeated, and to bring the perpetrators to justice." On 7 June 2016 Bangladeshi Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan alleged that the main opposition party BNP has links to the attacks, and that these attacks are part of a wider conspiracy that also involved Mossad, the national intelligence agency of Israel. An Israeli Foreign Ministry spokesman in Jerusalem later rejected the allegation in a statement and termed the accusation of the Bangladeshi Home Minister as "utter drivel". The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, expressed concern on behalf of the United Nations on 13 June 2016 by saying, "I am very concerned about the dramatic increase in number of brutal murders in Bangladesh that target freethinkers, liberals, religious minorities and LGBT activists.