All deserve freedom from fear, anxiety, & threats of discrimination.
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This version of Freedom From Fear includes actor Michael Ealy.
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Peace and freedom from fear are necessary for humans to thrive.
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For we, Australians, in 221 freedom from fear is almost taken for granted.
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For us, it is a battle for survival, and for freedom from fear.
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For we, Australians, in 2016 freedom from fear is almost taken for granted.
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Among the 4 freedoms laid out by Franklin D. Roosevelt is 'freedom from fear.
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When she was in confinement for being Myanmar's conscience, Ms Suu Kyi wrote "Freedom from Fear".
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We've been so grateful for the freedom from fear and the abundance of peace that we have experienced.
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Veteran activist and former legislator Leung Kwok-hung said the government's move risked removing Hong Kongers' "freedom from fear".
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Freedom of speech, freedom from fear of being fired unlawfully from your job and fear of a relative getting arrested.
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"Freedom of Speech" (2018) "Freedom of Worship" (2018) "Freedom From Want" (2018) "Freedom From Fear" (2018) In his 1941 State of the Union address, President Franklin D. Roosevelt laid out his vision of a world based on "four essential human freedoms": freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want and freedom from fear.
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Remote historic figures such as Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt gained new relevance with their themes of courage, defiance, and freedom from fear.
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In the strange and frightening forest, the Buddha found freedom from fear by facing it down and recognizing it as a temporary mind state.
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"Freedom from Fear" shows two parents putting their young children to bed, a moment of fragile peace in the shadow of a world at war.
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The Byblos festival committee has appealed to people to urge the Lebanese state to ensure the right of artists to freedom of expression and freedom from fear.
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In August, near a public event in New Delhi called Freedom From Fear, an unknown gunman tried to shoot Umar Khalid, a student activist who was close to Lankesh.
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I think we should be spending more, in order to keep it equitable and make sure that everyone can get — make sure that everyone has freedom from fear, essentially.
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The park is named after a 1941 speech in which FDR outlined four "essential human freedoms": freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want and freedom from fear.
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Now Norman Rockwell's artistic monument to those freedoms — freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear — will spend several months in the New-York Historical Society.
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Wade | Dems threaten to subpoena Juul MORE (D-Calif.) said last week Congress looks forward to "swiftly advancing" the Hong Kong legislation because the city deserves real autonomy and freedom from fear.
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Op-Ed Contributor GEBZE, TURKEY — On June 163, I began walking from Ankara to Istanbul on a 280-mile march for democracy, justice and freedom from fear and authoritarian rule in Turkey.
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Hundreds of thousands of vulnerable people have given up everything to pursue the dream of freedom from fear in the United States, as our asylum laws allow and America's founding values require.
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Mr. Peterson, 463, was unnerved by the 2014 fatal shooting of Michael Brown by a police officer in Ferguson, Mo. "We do not all have freedom from fear," he said in an interview.
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Widely considered one of the best SOTU addresses, FDR famously outlined four freedoms "everyone in the world" should be entitled to: freedom of worship, freedom of speech, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.
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He hoped the exhibition, "Freedom From Fear", in an east London gallery, featuring refugees from Iran, Somalia, Bangladesh, and other countries would highlight the positive contribution that refugees have made to society for decades.
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In some I.I.P. publications, the reader senses an obviously corrective subtext for the hypothetical foreign audience — "A Practical Guide to Journalism Ethics," for example, or "Freedom From Fear: Creating Safe Spaces for L.G.B.T. Youth".
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In his State of the Union address, Roosevelt defined four freedoms that were pivotal to any decent society in the modern world — freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.
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Rockwell depicted a New England town meeting for "Freedom of Speech", heads bowed in prayer for "Freedom of Worship", a Thanksgiving meal for "Freedom from Want" and parents watching children sleeping in "Freedom from Fear".
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Even I am also afraid of my personal safety after this incident happened, I still believe we should continuously fight for freedom from fear because it is an important core value that we should uphold .
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Seventy-five years ago, Franklin Delano Roosevelt's State of the Union address spoke of America's commitment to a universal struggle for four freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want and freedom from fear.
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For us, it is a battle for survival, and for freedom from fear The leaderless and unrelenting nature of the movement reflects a deep, fundamental discontent with the political system and the authoritarian ideology imported from Beijing.
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If the NYHA passed, it would make New York the first state in the union to guarantee free access to healthcare (and freedom from fear of health-related bankruptcy) to all of its residents, including undocumented people.
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At the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial, Indira stood underneath Roosevelt's Four Freedoms — freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear — her arms raised high above her head, as if exulting in the message.
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President Franklin Delano Roosevelt outlined the interlocking nature of liberties in his famous 1941 Four Freedoms speech, in which he imagined a world premised on freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from fear and freedom from want.
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Defending a truly free press requires freedom from fear and favor and the support of journalists and citizens everywhere; for the kind of threat now facing WikiLeaks — and all publishers and journalists — is a step into the darkness.
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In 1941, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, in a speech to Congress, described four essential human rights — freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want and freedom from fear — and inspired Rockwell to create his series of oil paintings.
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I've been talking a lot lately about the Four Freedoms on which President Franklin Delano Roosevelt said every man, woman and child should be able to rely: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear.
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The works illustrate four American ideals—Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from Fear, Freedom from Want—that President Franklin Roosevelt spoke of in a 1941 State of the Union address on the eve of American involvement in WWII.
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The exhibition features a set of photographs re-envisioning Norman Rockwell's "Four Freedoms," titled after Franklin D. Roosevelt's 265 State of the Union Address, which advocated for freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.
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But if the regime's travails prove anything, it's that China's current despot is no more enlightened than despots elsewhere, and China's people are no less eager to have what people have elsewhere: justice, fairness, rights, freedom from fear, freedom itself.
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They are "Freedom of Speech," depicting a dignified Everyman standing up to speak his mind; "Freedom of Worship," with a group in prayer; "Freedom From Want," with an idyllic family dinner; and "Freedom From Fear," which shows parents tucking in their children.
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Inspired by Norman Rockwell's 1940s paintings of Franklin D. Roosevelt's Four Freedoms (freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear), the billboards created through this project utilize Mr. Thomas's photographic and advertising acumen in a smart, productive way. (Mr.
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The For Freedoms Super PAC is partly inspired by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's 1941 State of the Union Speech, in which he outlined his vision of four essential human freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.
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That vision can be traced to Roosevelt's 1941 State of the Union address, when he famously affirmed the "Four Freedoms" — freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want and freedom from fear — to counter the anti-liberal regimes that launched a world war.
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Nixon also presents these things but seems to more quickly pivot to his visage of hope: I see a day when every child in this land, regardless of his background, has a chance for the best education our wisdom and schools can provide, and an equal chance to go just as high as his talents will take him... I see a day when we can look back on massive breakthroughs in solving the problems of slums and pollution and traffic which are choking our cities to death... I see a day when we will again have freedom from fear in America and freedom from fear in the world.
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The series, which began appearing in 1982 and has since won three Pulitzer prizes, includes some exceptional individual volumes, such as James McPherson's "Battle Cry of Freedom", about the civil war, and David Kennedy's "Freedom From Fear", which covered the Depression and the second world war.
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And listening to Roosevelt's stirring voice as he invoked the freedom of speech, the freedom of worship, the freedom from want and the freedom from fear — freedoms that Roosevelt demanded for "everyone in the world" — I was reminded of what the real foundations of modern American liberalism are. Opinion
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Many, I am sure — indeed I hope — will choose to go to law school to become more proficient in the details of how laws are made, enforced and changed in the endless pursuit of equal justice, opportunity, freedom from fear and want, and on behalf of individual expression.
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Founded by Hank Willis Thomas, a photographer and conceptual artist, and Eric Gottesman, a video artist and activist, the super PAC is named after Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" wartime address in 1941 — a call to safeguard the freedoms of speech and worship, the freedom from want, and the freedom from fear.
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Norman Rockwell's "Four Freedoms" series presented an image of America intended to bolster patriotic spirit during World War II. Based on a 1941 speech by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in which he extolled the global right to freedom of speech and worship, freedom from want, and the freedom from fear, Rockwell's canvases were a celebration of Americana.
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Besides proselytizing for democracy with his epic Four Freedoms series (a quartet of paintings depicting freedom of speech and worship as well as freedom from fear and want — the last of these featuring his celebrated image of a family's Thanksgiving feast), he'd regaled Post readers with covers featuring a regally posed Rosie the Riveter and a youthful soldier's homecoming.
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" The group's mission, its website says, is to "hack the culture and shine a bright light on the bloody hands of the NRA and the politicians they purchase" as well as to "inform, register and mobilize voters to reject NRA-funded candidates for office" and "raise funds for partner organizations who share our vision for a changed narrative and freedom from fear of gun violence.
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By serving as an advocate for the mentally ill, Freedom From Fear works to reduce the stigma behind mental illness through education. Freedom from Fear specializes in the treatment of clinical depression and anxiety disorders. Freedom From Fear is located in Staten Island, New York at 308 Seaview Avenue.
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In 1943, painter Norman Rockwell created Freedom from Fear, in his series of four paintings called Four Freedoms. It is an important concept for Burmese Aung San Suu Kyi, who published a book on it in 1991 with the title Freedom from Fear. In 1999 historian David M. Kennedy published a book called Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945.
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Freedom From Fear is a national nonprofit mental illness advocacy organization located in Staten Island, New York. This organization was founded in 1984 by director Mary Guardino as an outgrowth of her own personal experiences having suffered from anxiety and depression for more than 25 years. The mission of Freedom From Fear is to impact, in a positive way, the lives of all those affected by anxiety, depressive and related disorders through advocacy, education, research and community support. Freedom From Fear is dedicated to improving the lives of those experiencing mental illness.
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He won the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for History for Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (1999).
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Kennedy, David M. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945. Paperback ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
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Freedom from Fear is both an essay by Aung San Suu Kyi, and a book of the same name comprising a collection of her essays. In honor of Aung San Suu Kyi and the human rights abuses in Burma, The Freedom Campaign released a feature documentary film entitled Freedom from Fear in 2008. A preview is available at the Freedom Campaign's website.
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Kennedy, Freedom From Fear, p.212 The Agriculture Secretary, Henry A. Wallace, sided with Smith and agreed to cancel the directive.Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.213 As it turned out, the most effective way for Black sharecroppers to escape a life of poverty in the South was to move to the North or California.
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A copy of the Bennington Banner is shown in Norman Rockwell's painting Freedom from Fear, one of the paintings in his Four Freedoms series.
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In 2017, Jiménez Moreta was one of the recipients of the MacArthur Fellows Program. The same year, she was awarded the Freedom From Fear Award.
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Security is described as freedom from fear and terror, except under brief and exceptional circumstances. She says that permanent fear causes a "semi-paralysis of the soul".
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Randolph subsequently visited the White House on 27 September 1940, where President Roosevelt seemed to be equally sympathetic.Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.
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Interpersonal therapy focuses on improving the relationships that the patient has with others that contribute to anxiety or depression. Psychiatrists are also available to prescribe any necessary medication. Inpatient evaluations are also provided on a walk in basis to determine whether or not Freedom From Fear can provide patients with adequate assistance. The services provided by Freedom From Fear all have the goal of positively impacting the lives of patients by treating mental illness.
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The conference culminated with the first ever Freedom from Fear Awards program, which highlighted fearless immigration activism and featured an original song from Jill Sobule, titled They Say They Want Our America Back.
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773 At Port Chicago on 17 July 1944, while mostly Black stevedores were loading up two Navy supply ships, an explosion occurred that killed 320 men, of which 202 were Black.Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.773-774 The explosion was widely blamed on the lack of training for Black stevedores, and 50 of the survivors of the explosion refused an order to return to work, demanding safety training first.Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.
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Freedom From Fear advocates for those that are mentally ill by spreading awareness of the importance of good mental health. This organization participates in and encourages others to support Mental Health Wellness Week which takes place during the month of November. Founded by Freedom From Fear, this national campaign emphasizes the importance of a healthy mind and body. Throughout this week, mental health practices as well as individuals throughout the country educate their community about how to increase mental health by combating everyday stress and anxiety.
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Retrieved on 2013-07-14. In November 1937 Roosevelt decided that big businesses were trying to ruin the New Deal by causing another depression that voters would react against by voting Republican.Kennedy, Freedom From Fear p.
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The Five Freedoms are: freedom from hunger, thirst, and malnutrition; freedom from physical and thermal discomfort; freedom from pain, injury, and disease (including parasitical infections); freedom to express normal behavior; and freedom from fear and distress.
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Freedom From Fear also advocates for the mentally ill by participating in National Anxiety and Depression Awareness week which occurs during the month of May. This campaign focuses on increasing awareness about the effects of anxiety and depression. Freedom From Fear provides mental health agencies as well as individuals with materials such as videos, books, handouts and screening forms to aid participants in educating the public. Workshops about these illnesses, screenings of educational movies, and giving the community information about local treatment centers are all common throughout this week.
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Epicureanism was founded by Epicurus (c. 341 – c. 270 BCE). The goal of his philosophy was to attain a state of tranquility (ataraxia, Greek: ἀταραξία) and freedom from fear, as well as absence of bodily pain (aponia, Greek: ἀπονία).
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In 1982 he received the inaugural Freedom from Fear Award and in 1984 he received the Wateler Peace Prize for his diplomatic efforts. He received an Honorary Doctor of Civil Law from The University of Toledo on June 8, 1957.
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Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.771-772 Of the Black men from the South drafted, 84% fell into the two lowest categories on the AGCT.Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.772 Owing to the high failure rate caused by the almost non-existent education system for African-Americans in the South, the Army was forced to offer remedial instruction for Afro-Americans who fell into the lower categories of the AGCT. By 1945, about 150, 000 Black men had learned how to read and write while in the Army. The poor living conditions in rural America which afflicted both white and Black Americans led the Army to undertake remedial health work as well. Army optometrists fitted 2.25 million men suffering from poor eyesight with eyeglasses to allow them to be drafted while Army dentists fitted 2.5 million draftees who would have been otherwise disqualified for the bad state of their teeth with dentures.Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.710 Most of the Army's 231 training camps were located in the South, which was mostly rural and where land was cheaper.Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.
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Norman Rockwell's Freedom from Fear was made into a poster during World War II to help motivate the civilian workforce. Freedom from Fear is the last of the well-known Four Freedoms oil paintings produced by the American artist Norman Rockwell. The series was based on the four goals known as the Four Freedoms, which were enunciated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in his State of the Union Address on January 6, 1941. This work was published in the March 13, 1943, issue of The Saturday Evening Post alongside an essay by a prominent thinker of the day, Stephen Vincent Benét.
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D'Amuro received several rewards, like the Presidential Rank Award of the FBI. In 2004 he was honored with an honorary doctorate in law from Mercy College in Dobbs Ferry, New York. In 2009 D'Amuro obtained a Four Freedoms Award in the category Freedom from fear.
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Prominent projects were the Lincoln Tunnel, the Triborough Bridge, the LaGuardia Airport, the Overseas Highway and the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.Kennedy, Freedom From Fear p. 252 The Rural Electrification Administration used cooperatives to bring electricity to rural areas, many of which still operate.
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WPA poster promoting the benefits of employment The Great Depression hit Black America hard. In 1930, it was reported that 4 out of 5 Black people lived in the South, the average life expectancy for Black people was 15 years less than whites, and the Black infant mortality rate at 12% was double that of whites.Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.18 In Chicago, Black people made up 4% of the population and 16% of the unemployed while in Pittsburgh blacks were 8% of the population and 40% of the unemployed.Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.
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The fact that the Civil Works Administration paid the same wages to Black workers as white workers sparked much resentment in the South and as early as 1933 conservative Southern politicians who claiming that federal relief payments were causing Black people to move to the cities to become a "permanent welfare class".Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.194 Studies showed that Black people were twice likely to be unemployed as whites, and one-fifth of all people receiving federal relief payments were Black, which was double their share of the population.Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.
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Freedom from Fear was published in the March 13, 1943 Issue of The Saturday Evening Post with a matching essay by Stephen Vincent Benét as part of the Four Freedoms series. Coincidentally, the day it was published, poet, novelist, and short-story writer Benét died.Murray and McCabe, p. 62.
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Cristina Jiménez Moreta (born 1983 or 1984) is an Ecuadoran immigration activist who co-founded United We Dream in 2008. In 2017, Jiménez Moreta was named a MacArthur Fellow and won the Freedom From Fear Award. Jiménez was included in Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2018.
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Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear p.486-487. The release of the plan caused an uproar among the isolationist bloc in the United States, but the controversy died off quickly only three days later, after news of the attack on Pearl Harbor was received and a formal declaration of war was made.
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Before going into broadcasting, Harkness was the Washington correspondent for The Philadelphia Inquirer. Journalism scholar Edward Bliss Jr. wrote that Harkness "suggested that [President Franklin D.] Roosevelt include freedom from fear in his 'Four Freedoms' speech before Congress in January 1941."Bliss, Edward Jr. (1992). Now the News: The Story of Broadcast Journalism.
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Griffith drafted detailed specifications for the observatory. In drafting the plans, he consulted with Walter Adams, the future director of Mount Wilson Observatory, and George Ellery Hale, who founded (with Andrew Carnegie) the first astrophysical telescope in Los Angeles. As a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project,Kennedy, David (1999). Freedom From Fear, pp.
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Freedom from Fear is the last of a series of four oil paintings entitled Four Freedoms, painted by Norman Rockwell. The works were inspired by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a State of the Union Address delivered to the 77th United States Congress on January 6, 1941; the speech itself is often called the Four Freedoms. The Four Freedoms theme was eventually incorporated into the Atlantic Charter, and it became part of the charter of the United Nations. The series of paintings was printed in The Saturday Evening Post, accompanied by essays from noted writers, on four consecutive weeks in early 1943: Freedom of Speech (February 20), Freedom of Worship (February 27), Freedom from Want (March 6) and Freedom from Fear (March 13).
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57–64; Moreno, Black Americans and Organized Labor: A New History, 2006, p. 198–199; Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945, 1999, p. 763–768. President Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to persuade Randolph to call off the march, worried it would harm defense mobilization, but Randolph refused.
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David M. Kennedy, Freedom From Fear, The American People in Depression and War 1929 – 1945, Oxford University Press, 1999, , p. 280 Conservative critics of the New Deal considered this a burden on business growth. Facing widespread and fierce criticism, the tax was reduced to 2½ percent in 1938 and completely eliminated in 1939.Benjamin Graham.
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The series of paintings ran in The Saturday Evening Post accompanied by essays from noted writers on four consecutive weeks: Freedom of Speech (February 20), Freedom of Worship (February 27), Freedom from Want (March 6), and Freedom from Fear (March 13). Eventually, the series was widely distributed in poster form and became instrumental in the U.S. Government War Bond Drive.
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The series of paintings ran in The Saturday Evening Post accompanied by essays from noted writers on four consecutive weeks: Freedom of Speech (February 20), Freedom of Worship (February 27), Freedom from Want (March 6) and Freedom from Fear (March 13). Eventually, the series became widely distributed in poster form and became instrumental in the U. S. Government War Bond Drive.
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Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p. 768. Through originally intended for black Americans, the slogan of "double victory" was taken up by Asian-American groups as well.Azuma, Eiichiro "Interment and World II History" p.135-154 from The Oxford Handbook of Asian American History, edited by David Yoo & Eiichiro Azuma, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016 p.
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Hinduism and Buddhism both suggest ten freedoms needed for good life. These are – Ahimsa ('freedom from violence'), Asteya ('freedom from want, stealing'), Aparigraha ('freedom from exploitation'), Amritava ('freedom from early death') and Arogya ('freedom from disease'), Akrodha ('freedom of anger'), Jnana or Vidya ("freedom from ignorance"), Pravrtti ("freedom of conscience"), Abhaya ('freedom from fear') and Dhrti ('freedom from frustration and despair').
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Receiving the Wateler Peace Prize, 1984.Freedom from Fear Award, 1982. Van Roijen's diplomatic career began in the 1930s when he joined the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1930 and was an attache in Washington for three years. He also held positions in embassies in Tokyo as well as positions at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Hague.
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166-170 online Following the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Haiti, the only U.S. military forces remaining in the Caribbean were stationed in the Panama Canal Zone or the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base.David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945 (1999) pp 391–392. In 1934, Congress enacted Cordell Hull's key program, the Reciprocal Tariff Act.
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The Tathagata does the same, and he is without > falsehood. First he preaches the three vehicles to attract and guide living > beings, but later he employs just the Great Vehicle to save them. Why? The > Tathagata possesses measureless wisdom, power, freedom from fear, the > storehouse of the Dharma. He is capable of giving to all living beings the > Dharma of the Great Vehicle.
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Williams appeared in multiple episodes of the reality TV show Basketball Wives, from seasons 1-4. Eric also went on to appear in the 2013 film The Caribbean Heist.Ex-NBA Player and ‘Bball Wives’ Star Eric Williams in ‘The Caribbean Heist’ In 2015 Williams was featured in the painting, "Freedom from What," a critically acclaimed artwork by Pops Peterson based on "Freedom from Fear," by Norman Rockwell.
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That backfired in the recession and the heated political atmosphere of 1937.Kennedy, Freedom From Fear p. 352 Keynes did not think that The New Deal under Roosevelt ended the Great Depression: "It is, it seems, politically impossible for a capitalistic democracy to organize expenditure on the scale necessary to make the grand experiments which would prove my case — except in war conditions."Quoted by P. Renshaw.
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It is split into seven chapters that introduce the school and discuss parenting, sex, morality and religion, "children's problems", "parents' problems", and "questions and answers". The school is run as a democracy, with students deciding affairs that range from the curriculum to the behavior code. Lessons are non-compulsory. Neill emphasizes "self-regulation", personal responsibility, freedom from fear, "freedom in sex play", and loving understanding over moral instruction or force.
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He was a member of the Club of Rome global think-tank, being one of the six member "inner group" at the time its influential work the Limits to Growth was published. He was a former member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group. He was the Founding European Chairman of the Trilateral Commission. In 2004, Kohnstamm was awarded the 'Freedom from Fear' Four Freedoms Award by the Roosevelt Stichting.
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The segregated 93rd Division, which served in the Pacific, was assigned "mopping up" duties on the islands that the Americans mostly controlled. Black servicemen greatly resented segregation and those serving in Europe complained that German POWs were served better food than what they were. The Navy was segregated and Black sailors were usually assigned menial work such as stevedores.Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.
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Freedom From Fear also specializes in the treatment of Depression. Depression affects approximately 20 million adult Americans causing them to have symptoms such as hopelessness, sleep problems and feelings of being "down" and "blue". Depression is a chronic condition that impairs individuals in getting the most out of their daily lives. In depression, neural circuits responsible for the regulation of moods, thinking, sleep, appetite, and behavior fail to function properly.
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Freedom From Fear, along with Clinical Management Consultants, provides counseling service to patients experiencing Anxiety or Depressive disorders. Treatment for adults, adolescents and children are provided. Licensed psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, social workers and other licensed mental health practitioners provide cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy to patients. The focus of cognitive behavioral therapy is to change dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors the lead to a heightened sense of anxiety.
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Rockwell's Four Freedoms—Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from Want, and Freedom from Fear—were first published on February 20, February 27, March 6, and March 13, 1943 along with commissioned essays from leading American writers and historians (Booth Tarkington, Will Durant, Carlos Bulosan, and Stephen Vincent Benét, respectively). They measure × except Freedom of Worship which measures × . Rockwell used live models for all his pantings.Schick, p. 17.
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Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.771 Tensions at army and navy training bases between Black and white trainees resulted in several outbreaks of racial violence with Black trainees sometimes being lynched. In the so-called Battle of Bamber Bridge on 24–25 June 1943 in the Lancashire town of Bamber Bridge saw a shoot-out between white and Black soldiers that left one dead.Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.770 In an attempt to solve the problem of racial violence, the War Department in 1943 commissioned the director Frank Capra to make the propaganda film The Negro Soldier. The segregated 92nd Division, which served in Italy, was noted for the antagonistic relations between its white officers and Black soldiers. In an attempt to ease the racial tensions, the 92nd Division was integrated in 1944 by having the all Japanese-American 442nd Regimental Combat Team together with one white regiment assigned to it.
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Harrington who became the devout old woman in Freedom of Worship and a man named Jim Martin who appears in each painting in the series (most prominently in Freedom from Fear). The intention was to remind America what they were fighting for: freedom of speech and worship, freedom from want and fear. All the paintings used a muted palette and are devoid of the vermilion Rockwell is known for.Hennessey and Knutson, p. 102.
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David M. Kennedy, Freedom From Fear, The American People in Depression and War 1929–1945, (1999) p. 258, 260 The most important program of 1935, and perhaps of the New Deal itself, was the Social Security Act. It established a permanent system of universal retirement pensions (Social Security), unemployment insurance and welfare benefits for the handicapped and needy children in families without a father present. It established the framework for the U.S. welfare system.
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Martin Dies, Jr. was named chair of the committee, and charged with continuing the investigations into Nazi propaganda and initiating new investigations into the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. When committee members voiced support for the Klan and ignored the Nazi threat, Dies concentrated the committee's work on communist infiltration of the labor movement.Kennedy, David M. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
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To relate to the, local as well as global, and appreciate the issues at the interface of science, technology and society. To acquire the requisite theoretical knowledge and practical technological skills to enter the world of work. To nurture the natural curiosity, aesthetic sense and creativity in science and technology. To imbibe the values of honesty, integrity, cooperation, concern for life and preservation of environment and to cultivate 'scientific temper'-objectivity, critical thinking and freedom from fear and prejudice.
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The Four Freedoms is a series of four 1943 oil paintings by the American artist Norman Rockwell. The paintings—Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from Want, and Freedom from Fear—are each approximately × ,Schick, p. 221. and are now in the Norman Rockwell Museum in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. The four freedoms refer to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's January 1941 Four Freedoms State of the Union address in which he identified essential human rights that should be universally protected.
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The Freedoms were published in a series of four full-color, full-page editions, each accompanied by an essay of the same title. The panels were published in successive weeks in the order corresponding to Roosevelt's speech: Freedom of Speech (February 20), Freedom of Worship (February 27), Freedom from Want (March 6), and Freedom from Fear (March 13). For the authors of the accompanying essays, Hibbs had numerous options given the number of regular contributors to The Post.
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Freedom of Speech, 1943 In 1943, during World War II, Rockwell painted the Four Freedoms series, which was completed in seven months and resulted in him losing fifteen pounds. The series was inspired by a speech by Franklin D. Roosevelt, wherein Roosevelt described and articulated Four Freedoms for universal rights. Rockwell then painted Freedom from Want, Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship and Freedom from Fear. The paintings were published in 1943 by The Saturday Evening Post.
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The human security paradigm outlines a non-military approach that aims to address the enduring underlying inequalities which fuel terrorist activity. Causal factors need to be delineated and measures implemented which allow equal access to resources and sustainability for all people. Such activities empower citizens, providing 'freedom from fear' and 'freedom from want'. This can take many forms, including the provision of clean drinking water, education, vaccination programs, provision of food and shelter and protection from violence, military or otherwise.
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Southern Democrats formed a key part of the bipartisan conservative coalition in an alliance with most of the Midwestern Republicans. The economically activist philosophy of Franklin D. Roosevelt, which has strongly influenced American liberalism, shaped much of the party's economic agenda after 1932.David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945 (2001). From the 1930s to the mid-1960s, the liberal New Deal coalition usually controlled the presidency while the conservative coalition usually controlled Congress.
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Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945 is a Pulitzer Prize–winning book written in 1999 by the American historian David M. Kennedy. It is part of the Oxford History of the United States. The book covers America's coping with the Great Depression and World War II. The book was awarded the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for History, the 2000 Francis Parkman Prize, the 2000 Ambassador Book Award, and the 2000 California Gold Medal for Literature.
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87 In January 1934, the journalist Lorena Hickok reported from rural Georgia that she had seen "half-starved Whites and Blacks struggle in competition for less to eat than my dog gets at home, for the privilege of living in huts that are infinitely less comfortable than his kennel".Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.193 She also described most Southern Black people who made worked as sharecroppers as living under a system very close to slavery.
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Today, freedom means many things including the freedom to pursue one's dreams and the freedom to be left alone. People disagree about the freedoms that are most important: freedom to possess guns, freedom to make decisions that affect one's body, freedom from fear or violence, and freedom of movement. Depending on one's ideological orientation, the ideograph of freedom represents many things, which is why it can be so powerfully used by politicians. Ideographs succeed in political discourse because of their inability to be concretely understood.
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A visiting British journalist wrote she "had traveled over most of Europe and part of Africa, but I have never seen such terrible sights as I saw yesterday among the sharecroppers of Arkansas".Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.208 The New Deal did not have a specific program for Black people only, but it sought to incorporate them in all the relief programs that it began.Roger Biles, A New Deal for the American People (1991), pp. 172–93.
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The Glass–Steagall Act limited commercial bank securities activities and affiliations between commercial banks and securities firms to regulate speculations. It also established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insured deposits for up to $2,500, ending the risk of runs on banks.Susan E. Kennedy, The Banking Crisis of 1933 (1973) This banking reform offered unprecedented stability as while throughout the 1920s more than five hundred banks failed per year, it was less than ten banks per year after 1933.Kennedy, Freedom From Fear (1999) pp.
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The National Labor Relations Act of 1935, also known as the Wagner Act, finally guaranteed workers the rights to collective bargaining through unions of their own choice. The Act also established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to facilitate wage agreements and to suppress the repeated labor disturbances. The Wagner Act did not compel employers to reach agreement with their employees, but it opened possibilities for American labor.David M. Kennedy, Freedom From Fear, The American People in Depression and War 1929–1945, Oxford University Press, 1999, , p.
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The first two freedoms, of speech and religion, are protected by the First Amendment in the United States Constitution. His inclusion of the latter two freedoms went beyond the traditional Constitutional values protected by the U.S. Bill of Rights. Roosevelt endorsed a broader human right to economic security and anticipated what would become known decades later as the "human security" paradigm in social science and economic development. He also included the "freedom from fear" against national aggression and took it to the new United Nations he was setting up.
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The Prajñāpāramitā sutras also teach of the importance of the other paramitas (perfections) for the Bodhisattva such as Ksanti (patience): "Without resort to this patience (kṣānti) they [bodhisattvas] cannot reach their respective goals".Orsborn, Matthew Bryan. “Chiasmus in the Early Prajñāpāramitā: Literary Parallelism Connecting Criticism & Hermeneutics in an Early Mahāyāna Sūtra”, University of Hong Kong , 2012, page 124. Another quality of the Bodhisattva is their freedom from fear (na √tras) in the face of the seemingly shocking doctrine of the emptiness of all dharmas which includes their own existence.
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Indeed, labor shortages encouraged industry to look for new sources of workers, finding new roles for women and blacks.David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear (1999) pp 615–68 However, the fervor also inspired anti-Japanese sentiment, leading to internment of Japanese Americans.Roger Daniels, Prisoners Without Trial: Japanese Americans in World War II (2004) This was taken under the directive of President Roosevelt, who signed Executive Order 9066. The terms of this executive order resulted in some 120,000 people of Japanese descent living in the US removed from their homes and placed in internment camps.
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During an interview with Dr. Eric Hollander on Biggers & Summers, Summers revealed that he has obsessive compulsive disorder. Summers went public about his condition on various television shows, including The Oprah Winfrey Show and The Today Show. In 1999, Summers produced a VHS video box set with Hollander about his experience, called Everything in Its Place: My Trials and Triumphs with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Summers also participated in a series of VHS videos for Freedom from Fear, a non- profit organization with the goal of addressing anxiety disorders and other related behavioral disorders.
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Animal biological function is impaired when normal behaviors are inhibited. Signs include increased morbidity, stunted growth, self-inflicted injuries, and abnormal behaviors. Five principles, known as the Five Freedoms, are used to determine whether animal welfare is being respected: freedom from hunger and thirst; freedom from discomfort; freedom from pain, injury and disease; freedom to express normal behavior, and freedom from fear and distress. In 2009, the European Fur Breeders' Association launched its "WelFur" program to perform onsite assessments at fur farms to ensure that the five principles were being followed.
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Eirene, goddess of peace in ancient Greek religion, with her son Pluto. Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a social sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict (such as war) and freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups. Throughout history leaders have used peacemaking and diplomacy to establish a certain type of behavioral restraint that has resulted in the establishment of regional peace or economic growth through various forms of agreements or peace treaties.
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President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed the first federal black judge, William H. Hastie, and created an unofficial "black cabinet" led by Mary McLeod Bethune to advise him.Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.378 Roosevelt ordered that federal agencies such as the CCC, WPA and PWA were not to discriminate against Black Americans. The president's wife, Eleanor Roosevelt (who was a close friend of Bethune's), was notably sympathetic towards African-Americans and constantly in private urged her husband to do more to try help Black Americans.
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In January 1947, she found out that a delegation from Burma was in London to discuss the terms of Burma's independence with Clement Attlee's government. She contacted Tin Tut at the Dorchester and he took her to meet the delegation. That was the first meeting of her with Bogyoke (General) Aung San. Than E later wrote in Freedom from Fear that Bogkyoke met a crowded assembly of Burmese students, expatriates and visitors in a Burmese restaurant and addressed to them and later talked to each of them informally.
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Many of their actions have been met by police violence, such as the use of rubber bullets, strip searches, tear gas, and violent arrests of Native people. The people fighting against the pipeline see themselves as protectors of their culture, their community, the land and the water, and see it as their duty to stand against what they see as American settler colonialism. The United Nations defines human security as having two major components, freedom from fear and freedom from want. Human security can be threatened by indirect or structural threats.
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Successes in recent years in recovering billions of dollars of stolen assets has demonstrated that asset recovery is feasible. For example, by 2005 Nigeria had recovered $1.2 billion stolen by former President Sani Abacha by requesting assistance from multiple jurisdictions including Switzerland, Jersey, and Liechtenstein. To recover Nigerian assets, the Swiss government designated the Abacha family a "criminal organization", allowing it to bypass the need for a conviction.Radha Ivory, Criminal Assets: A Little Lateral Thinking in Freedom from Fear Magazine, October 2008 Additionally, asset recovery was recognized as "a fundamental principle" of the UNCAC.
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The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the post-war independence of British and French possessions, and much more are derived from the Atlantic Charter. The Atlantic charter was made to show the goals of the allied powers during World War II. It first started with the United States and Great Britain, and later all the allies would follow the charter. Some goals include access to raw materials, reduction of trade restrictions, and freedom from fear and wants. The name, The Atlantic Charter, came from a newspaper that coined the title.
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Tadjbakhsh was a student during the Soviet-Afghan War: here, Tajbeg Palace as Red Army HQ (1982) As a leader of the Human Security Specialization at the Institute of Sciences Po, Tadjbakhsh advocates for broad definition of "Human Security" to encompass not only freedom from fear but also freedom from want and indignity. In May 2013, she delivered a Kapuscinski Lecture sponsored by UNDP and the European Commission on the theme of Human Security, delivered at the University of Riga and the Stockholm School of Economics in Riga, Latvia.
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The Five Freedoms Forum (FFF) was a group of anti-apartheid organizations made up of mostly white people. It was launched in Johannesburg on 18 March 1987. The name of the group was based on five freedoms: "freedom from want, freedom from fear, freedom from discrimination, freedom of speech and association and freedom of conscience." Several organizations fell under the umbrella of the Five Freedoms Forum including NUSAS, Black Sash, Young Christian Students, Jodac, the Catholic Church Commission for Justice and Peace, Concerned Social Workers, Jews for Social Justice and the Detainees' Parents Support Committee.
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In modern popular usage, an Epicurean is a connoisseur of the arts of life and the refinements of sensual pleasures; Epicureanism implies a love or knowledgeable enjoyment especially of good food and drink. Because Epicureanism posits that pleasure is the ultimate good (telos), it has been commonly misunderstood since ancient times as a doctrine that advocates the partaking in fleeting pleasures such as sexual excess and decadent food. This is not the case. Epicurus regarded ataraxia (tranquility, freedom from fear) and aponia (absence of pain) as the height of happiness.
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Boys play among the bombed-out ruins of Gaza City, 2009 Human security is the name of an emerging paradigm which, in response to traditional emphasis on the right of nation states to protect themselves, has focused on the primacy of the security of people (individuals and communities). The concept is supported by the United Nations General Assembly, which has stressed "the right of people to live in freedom and dignity" and recognized "that all individuals, in particular vulnerable people, are entitled to freedom from fear and freedom from want".
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The Four Freedoms Speech was popular, and the goals were influential in postwar politics. However, in 1941 the speech received heavy criticism from anti-war elements.Kennedy, David M., Freedom From Fear: the American people in depression and war, 1929-1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 470–76 Critics argued that the Four Freedoms were simply a charter for Roosevelt's New Deal, social reforms that had already created sharp divisions within Congress. Conservatives who opposed social programs and increased government intervention argued against Roosevelt's attempt to justify and depict the war as necessary for the defense of lofty goals.
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The right-wing elements in Indonesian politics, especially religious-based political parties and organisation have publicly condemned LGBT rights. Some argued that currently, Indonesia is under the threat of global LGBT "propaganda", which promotes an "LGBT lifestyle". Same-sex marriage or civil union became the main issue discussed in public regarding LGBT rights, although LGBT activists have argued that currently they do not fight for same-sex marriage, but simply seek the fundamental human rights of security, freedom from fear and freedom of assembly. The comic Alpantuni depicts a gay Indonesian character who faces anti-LGBT sentiment.
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Many in the government felt this would impose a level of sacrifice that the American people would be unwilling to accept. The Feasibility Dispute ended in 1942 with the "civilian" fraction triumphing over the military as Roosevelt decided upon what was known as the "90 division gamble". Roosevelt decided that all of the evidence he received since the Harriman-Beaverbrook mission indicated that the Soviet Union would not be defeated as the Victory Program had assumed, and accordingly the 215 division force envisioned was not necessary and instead he would "gamble" with a 90 division force.Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear p.630-631.
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The series of paintings ran on four consecutive weeks in The Saturday Evening Post, accompanied by essays from noted writers: Freedom of Speech (February 20), Freedom of Worship (February 27), Freedom from Want (March 6) and Freedom from Fear (March 13). For the essay accompanying Freedom of Worship, Post editor Ben Hibbs chose Durant, who was a best-selling author at the peak of his fame. At the time, Durant was in the midst of working on his ten-volume The Story of Civilization, coauthored with his wife, Ariel Durant. Will Durant also lectured on history and philosophy.
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The ICBL estimates that anti-personnel mines were the cause of 5,751 casualties in 2006. Whereas traditionally, states would justify these negative impacts of mines due to the advantage they give on the battlefield, under the human security lens, this is untenable as the wide-ranging post-conflict impact on the day-to-day experience of individuals outweighs the military advantage. The Ottawa Convention, which led to the banning of anti-personnel landmines, is seen as a victory for the Human Security agenda. The Ottawa Convention has proved to be a huge step forward in the 'Freedom from Fear' approach.
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Avalon Project. Yale Law School. 2008. Roughly two months later, the United States and United Kingdom issued a joint statement elaborating these goals, known as the Atlantic Charter. It called for no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people, the right to self- determination for all peoples, restoration of self-government to those deprived of it, reduction of trade barriers, global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for the world, freedom from fear and want, freedom of the seas, and abandonment of the use of force, including mutual disarmament after the war.
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In fact, the falsification of Am-lire was a very large phenomenon; some were crude counterfeits, while others were hardly distinguishable even by experts. The reverse of all the banknotes read in English the Four Freedoms enshrined in the Four Freedoms speech: the freedom of speech, the freedom of religion, the freedom from want, and the freedom from fear. After 1946, they ceased to be the sole currency and were used along with normal notes, until June 3, 1950. In total, 917.7 million Am-lire were printed, a weight of 758 tons were shipped to Italy in 23,698 cases.
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The Allies called themselves the "United Nations" (even before that organization formed in 1945), and pledged their support to the Atlantic Charter of 1941. The Charter stated the ideal goals of the war: no territorial aggrandizement; no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people; restoration of self-government to those deprived of it; free access to raw materials; reduction of trade restrictions; global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for all; freedom from fear and want; freedom of the seas; and abandonment of the use of force, as well as the disarmament of aggressor nations.
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Freedom From Fear specializes in the treatment of Anxiety Disorders. While anxiety is a common experience of everyday life, mental health professionals deal with anxiety that is excessive and interferes with daily life. Clinicians recognize about 12 relatively distinct subtypes of anxiety disorder: Panic Disorder, with and without Agoraphobia, Agoraphobia Without a History of Panic Disorder, Specific Phobia, Social Phobia, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Acute Stress Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Anxiety Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition, Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder, and Anxiety Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. The prevalence of these disorders is startling.
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President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, painted by Frank O. Salisbury, 1947 The Four Freedoms Award is an annual award presented to those men and women whose achievements have demonstrated a commitment to those principles which US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt proclaimed in his historic speech to United States Congress on January 6, 1941, as essential to democracy: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear. The annual award is handed out in alternate years in New York City by the Roosevelt Institute to Americans and in Middelburg, Netherlands, by the Roosevelt Stichting to non-Americans.
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79 Charles Lawrence of Fisk University described "resentment of status given Negro members of the armed forces" as "perhaps the greatest single psychological factor in the making of the Harlem riot", as Bandy came to represent black soldiers and Collins came to represent white suppression.Lawrence 1947, p. 244 When Franklin D. Roosevelt gave his Four Freedoms speech, calling for freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear for people "everywhere in the world", many African Americans felt they never had such freedoms themselves. They became willing to fight for them domestically.
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Black women served in the Army's WAAC and WAC, but very few served in the Navy.Sandra Bolzenius, "Asserting Citizenship: Black Women in the Women’s Army Corps (wac)," International Journal of Military History and Historiography 39#2 (2019) : 208–231. The draft starkly exposed the poor living conditions of most African-Americans with the Selective Service Boards turning down 46% of the Black men called up on health grounds as compared to 30% of the white men called up.Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.768 At least a third of the black men in the South called up by the draft boards turned out to be illiterate.
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He could also produce works from new perspectives and the Four Freedoms represented "low vantage point of Freedom of Speech, to close-up in Freedom of Worship, midrange in Freedom from Fear, and wide angle in Freedom from Want". In 1939, Rockwell moved to Arlington, Vermont, which was an artist-friendly community that had hosted Robert Frost, Rockwell Kent, and Dorothy Canfield Fisher. Of the move from New Rochelle, New York, Rockwell said "I was restless... The town [of New Rochelle] seemed tinged with everything that happened to me". In New Rochelle, he had both endured a divorce and run with a fast crowd.
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The advertisement, entitled "A Catholic Statement on Pluralism and Abortion", stated that "direct abortion ... can sometimes be a moral choice" and that "responsible moral decisions can only be made in an atmosphere of freedom from fear of coercion." The ad directly challenged Church authority. The Catholic Church took disciplinary measures against some of the nuns who signed the statement, sparking controversy among American Catholics, and intra-Catholic conflict on the abortion issue remained news for at least two years. In the end, CFC was seen to gain credibility and status by the advertisement, while the Church hierarchy was unable to advance their political goals on the topic of abortion.
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February 17, 1932. More than 3,500 union members struck for shorter working hours and higher wages on June 17, 1931, collective bargaining goals which were considered madness by nearly all labor leaders. Yet, Gold won an increase in working hours,During the Great Depression, employers often cut working hours to 30, 20 and even 15 hours a week, leading to significant reductions in worker pay. See: Kennedy, David M. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. leading to a guaranteed 40-hour work week well as increased pay—an achievement important in the establishment of the standard American work week.
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In the 1930s many Americans, arguing that the involvement in World War I had been a mistake, were adamantly against continued intervention in European affairs.Bodnar, John, The "Good War" in American Memory. (Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010) 11 With the Neutrality Acts established after 1935, U.S. law banned the sale of armaments to countries that were at war and placed restrictions on travel with belligerent vessels.Kennedy, David M., Freedom From Fear: the American people in depression and war, 1929–1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 393–94 When World War II began in September 1939, the neutrality laws were still in effect and ensured that no substantial support could be given to Britain and France.
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The Harriman-Beaverbrook mission, whose more optimistic appraisal of Soviet fighting power ran contrary to the more pessimistic assessment, challenged one of the basic assumptions of the Victory Program. The Victory Program, with its call for a 215-division army plus men for the Army Air Corps, the Navy and the Marines that would require massive amounts of equipment, leading to what was known as the Feasibility Dispute within different departments of the government.Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear p.627-628. To build the necessary weapons for such a massive force would require the government essentially to end all civilian production in the U.S, a measure estimated to cause a 60% reduction in living standards.
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She bursts into the trader's mansion where the marriage proceedings are going on and stuns all the men folk by breaking the marriage of her daughter and vows to ensure that such a marriage will never take place in the village, thus taking a lead to walk away into freedom – freedom from fear and oppression. This film is based on the short story ‘Mutthuchera’ by Boluwar Mohammad Kunhi, well known for pioneering the projection of various aspects of Muslim Life in Kannada Literature. Boluwar Mohammad Kunhi has won three Sahithya Academy Awards including Fellowship. With this maiden directorial venture, P. Sheshadri, opens up a new avenue for fresh and sensitive subjects for films.
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The downturn was perhaps due to nothing more than the familiar rhythms of the business cycle. But until 1937 Roosevelt had claimed responsibility for the excellent economic performance. That backfired in the recession and the heated political atmosphere of 1937.David M. Kennedy, Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (1999) p. 352 Business-oriented conservatives explained the recession by arguing that the New Deal had been very hostile to business expansion in 1935–1937, had threatened massive antitrust legal attacks on big corporations and by the huge strikes caused by the organizing activities of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
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Epicureanism is a system of philosophy based upon the teachings of Epicurus (), founded around 307 BC. Epicurus was an atomic materialist, following in the steps of Democritus and Leucippus. His materialism led him to a general stance against superstition or the idea of divine intervention. Following Aristippus—about whom very little is known—Epicurus believed that the greatest good was to seek modest, sustainable "pleasure" in the form of a state of tranquility and freedom from fear (ataraxia) and absence of bodily pain (aponia) through knowledge of the workings of the world and the limits of our desires. The combination of these two states is supposed to constitute happiness in its highest form.
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In an opinion piece published in The New York Times, opposition leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu stated that he and others were marching for "democracy, justice and freedom from fear and authoritarian rule in Turkey." Kılıçdaroğlu listed democracy, rule of law, freedom of expression, the jailing of parliament members, and dysfunctional courts as reasons for the march. The march began in Ankara on June 15, 2017 after CHP member Enis Berberoğlu was sentenced to 25 years in prison for providing the opposition paper Cumhuriyet with a video that showed Turkish intelligence agents smuggling weapons into Syria. Turkish government officials have confirmed the authenticity of the videos, but have maintained that the videos were published by FETÖ members.
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In addition to these, he is the founder of the Helsinki Parliament of Citizens (Bosnia & Herzegovina) as well as author of four books and 150 articles. In 1993, Zdravko received an award from the European Rectors Club “For peace, and against racism and xenophobia”, and in 1994 he was honored with The Franklin Four Freedoms Award-medal for work in the field of “freedom from fear”. In 2017, Grebo has signed the Declaration on the Common Language of the Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins. He graduated from the Sarajevo Law School in 1970 and attended the postgraduate course at the Department of Legal Theory of the Belgrade Law School where in 1976 he earned his PhD.
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764 & 766 Randolph felt very betrayed where he learned the military was to remain segregated after all despite the president's warm words.Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p. 766 Roosevelt had begun a program of rearmament, and feeling the president was not to be trusted, Randolph formed the March on Washington Movement, announcing plans for a huge civil rights march in Washington DC that would demand desegregation of the military and the factories in the defense industry on 1 July 1941. In June 1941 as the deadline for the march approached, Roosevelt asked for it to be cancelled, saying that 100, 000 Black people demonstrating in Washington would create problems for him.
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"Freedom from fear is a thing of the past for Hong Kong and this applies to everyone: businessmen or student," said a spokesman for the Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor. Although alternative options to doing business with China are few for the business sector, many companies large and small, including within the important financial sector, are uneasy about the changing political climate. The head of the one business association in Hong Kong said: "The middle-class, the professionals, even the accountants: people are just freaked out about what is going on... The last bastion of Hong Kong's guarantees is the law. What we have left is our legal system, but people fear that this may be under attack too".
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The controversial work of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) was also part of the First New Deal. The Second New Deal in 1935–1936 included the National Labor Relations Act to protect labor organizing, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) relief program (which made the federal government the largest employer in the nation), the Social Security Act and new programs to aid tenant farmers and migrant workers. The final major items of New Deal legislation were the creation of the United States Housing Authority and the FSA, which both occurred in 1937; and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which set maximum hours and minimum wages for most categories of workers.Kennedy, David M. Freedom from Fear (1999).
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US annual real GDP from 1910 to 1960, with the years of the Great Depression (1929–1939) highlighted Unemployment rate in the United States from 1910–1960, with the years of the Great Depression (1929–1939) highlighted (accurate data begins in 1939) From 1929 to 1933 manufacturing output decreased by one third, which economist Milton Friedman called the Great Contraction. Prices fell by 20%, causing deflation that made repaying debts much harder. Unemployment in the United States increased from 4% to 25%. Additionally, one-third of all employed persons were downgraded to working part-time on much smaller paychecks. In the aggregate, almost 50% of the nation's human work-power was going unused.Kennedy, Freedom From Fear (1999) p. 87.
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David M. Kennedy wrote that "the achievements of the New Deal years surely played a role in determining the degree and the duration of the postwar prosperity".David M. Kennedy, Freedom From Fear, The American People in Depression and War 1929–1945 (Oxford University Press, 1999) p. 363 Paul Krugman stated that the institutions built by the New Deal remain the bedrock of the United States economic stability. Against the background of the 2007–2012 global financial crisis, he explained that the financial crises would have been much worse if the New Deals Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation had not insured most bank deposits and older Americans would have felt much more insecure without Social Security.
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The Nazi Party's manipulation of all forms of media from newspaper, books and films became omnipresent and extended beyond Germany. Filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl created two epic propaganda films, Der Sieg des Glaubens or Victory of Faith (1933) and Triumph des Willens or Triumph of the Will (1935) that depicted the fervent Nazi multitudes in the 1930s Nuremberg Rallies. Despite President Franklin D. Roosevelt's passionate address in his 1941 State of the Union, articulating the Four Freedoms: Freedom of speech, Freedom of worship, Freedom from want and Freedom from fear, a homegrown German American Bund was formed, espousing Nazi values. By the time they entered the global conflict, Americans rejected the politics of fear and hate.
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With the revision of the Neutrality Act in 1939, Roosevelt adopted a "methods-short-of-war policy" whereby supplies and armaments could be given to European Allies, provided no declaration of war could be made and no troops committed.Kennedy, David M., Freedom From Fear: the American people in depression and war, 1929–1945 (1999) 427–434 By December 1940, Europe was largely at the mercy of Adolf Hitler and Germany's Nazi regime. With Germany's defeat of France in June 1940, Britain and its overseas Empire stood alone against the military alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan. Winston Churchill, as Prime Minister of Britain, called for Roosevelt and the United States to supply them with armaments in order to continue with the war effort.
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Harold G. Vatter, The U.S. Economy in World War II (1988) pp 27–31David Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (2001) pp 615–68 The Allies – the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union, China, as well as Poland, Canada, and other countries – fought the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan. The Allies saw Germany as the main threat and gave the highest priority to Europe. The U.S. dominated the war against Japan and stopped Japanese expansion in the Pacific in 1942. After losing Pearl Harbor and in the Philippines to the Japanese, and drawing the Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942), the American Navy inflicted a decisive blow at Midway (June 1942).
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During his 1941 State of the Union address, President Franklin D. Roosevelt articulated the Four Freedoms: Freedom of speech, Freedom of worship, Freedom from want and Freedom from fear that people "everywhere in the world" ought to enjoy. These freedoms have become the basis of the fight in which the Allied nations are engaged. With the fall of France in 1940, it is Great Britain and the Commonwealth nations that stand up against the Axis powers and their attack on freedoms throughout the world. A number of victories on the high seas with the defeat of the Graf Spee, in the desert and Far East have shown that Great Britain still has the reserves and military forces to fight a global war.
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Although Epicureanism is a form of hedonism, insofar as it declares pleasure as the sole intrinsic good, its conception of absence of pain as the greatest pleasure and its advocacy of a simple life make it different from "hedonism" as it is commonly understood. EpicurusIn the Epicurean view, the highest pleasure (tranquility and freedom from fear) was obtained by knowledge, friendship and living a virtuous and temperate life. He lauded the enjoyment of simple pleasures, by which he meant abstaining from bodily desires, such as sex and appetites, verging on asceticism. He argued that when eating, one should not eat too richly, for it could lead to dissatisfaction later, such as the grim realization that one could not afford such delicacies in the future.
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Economists for Peace and Security (EPS) is a New York-based, United Nations accredited and registered global organization and network of thought-leading economists, political scientists, and security experts founded in 1989 that promotes non-military solutions to world challenges, and more broadly, works towards freedom from fear and freedom from want for all.EPS Homepage Since 1995 EPS has been registered with the United Nations Economic and Social Council and the United Nations Department of Public Information. Since 2006 the UK branch of EPS publishes a peer reviewed journal, the Economists for Peace and Security Journal (EPSJ).EPS Journal In 1995 EPS was involved with criticism of the United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico, producing several reports on the subject.
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Dana is, as with Hindu texts like Mitaksara and Vahni Purana and in Buddhist texts, described as a virtue and duty in Jainism.Maria Heim (2004), Theories of the Gift in Medieval South Asia: Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain, Routledge, , pages 47-49 It is considered an act of compassion, and must be done with no desire for material gain.Thomas Watts (2006), Encyclopedia of World Poverty, SAGE Publications, , page 143 Four types of Dana are discussed in the texts of Jainism: Ahara-dana (donation of food), Ausadha-dana (donation of medicine), Jnana-dana (donation of knowledge) and Abhaya-dana (giving of protection or freedom from fear, asylum to someone under threat). Dāna is one of ten means to gain positive karma, in the soteriological theories of Jainism.
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341 When a Black minister, Marshall L. Shepard, delivered the opening prayer at the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia in 1936, Senator Ellison D. Smith stormed out, screaming: "This mongrel meeting ain't no place for a white man!" Though Smith's reaction was extreme, other Democratic politicians from the South made it clear to Roosevelt that they were very displeased. In the 1936 election, African- Americans who could vote overwhelmingly did so for Roosevelt, marking the first time that a Democratic candidate for president had won the Black vote.Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.285 In November 1936, the American duo Buck and Bubbles became the first Black people to appear on television, albeit on a British television channel.
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The awards were first presented in 1982 on the centennial of President Roosevelt's birth as well as the bicentennial of diplomatic relations between the United States and the Netherlands. The awards were founded to celebrate the Four Freedoms espoused by President Roosevelt in his speech: #Freedom of speech #Freedom of worship #Freedom from want #Freedom from fear For each of the four freedoms an award was instituted, as well as a special Freedom medal. In 1990, 1995, 2003 and 2004 there were also special awards. In odd years the awards are presented to American citizens or institutions by the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute in New York City, though in the past the American awards were given in Hyde Park, New York.
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The South African branch of IDAF was banned in South Africa on March 18, 1966 under the Suppression of Communism Act and the government made it illegal for anyone to receive funds from IDAF. Because of this the organization in London created three different programs which had different names in order to send money to South Africa. Under Programme 1 which focused on political trials and defence was the Freedom From Fear International Charitable Foundation, under Programme 2 which focused on the families of political prisoners was the Freedom From Hunger International Charitable Foundation and Programme 3 focused on research and publications and used the Freedom From Hardship International Trust. Activist, Phyllis Altman, who worked with the South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU), became the general secretary of projects under Programme 1.
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Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly at Placentia Bay in Newfoundland in August 1941, and issued a policy statement that became the foundation document for the Allies who later joined the war against Germany.-- A country had to join to gain admission to the United Nations. The Atlantic Charter defined the Allied goals for the post world war. The Charter stated the ideal goals of the war—no territorial aggrandizement; no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people, self-determination; restoration of self-government to those deprived of it; reduction of trade restrictions; global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for all; freedom from fear and want; freedom of the seas; and abandonment of the use of force, as well as disarmament of aggressor nations.
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Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations...
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The African-American newspaper The Pittsburgh Courier called for the "double victory" or "Double V campaign" campaign in a 1942 editorial, saying that all Black people should work for "victory over our enemies at home and victory over our enemies on the battlefield abroad".Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p. 768. The newspaper argued that a victory of the Axis powers, especially Nazi Germany, would be a disaster for African-Americans while at the same time the war presented the opportunity "to persuade, embarrass, compel and shame our government and our nation...into a more enlightened attitude towards a tenth of its people". The slogan of a "double victory" over fascism abroad and racism at home was widely taken up by African-Americans during the war.
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Most knowledge of his teachings comes from later authors, particularly the biographer Diogenes Laërtius, the Epicurean Roman poet Lucretius and the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus, and with hostile but largely accurate accounts by the Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus, and the Academic Skeptic and statesman Cicero. For Epicurus, the purpose of philosophy was to help people attain a happy, tranquil life characterized by ataraxia (peace and freedom from fear) and aponia (the absence of pain). He advocated that people were best able to pursue philosophy by living a self- sufficient life surrounded by friends. He taught that the root of all human neurosis is death denial and the tendency for human beings to assume that death will be horrific and painful, which he claimed causes unnecessary anxiety, selfish self-protective behaviors, and hypocrisy.
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Post editor Hibbs said the Four Freedoms were an "inspiration... in the same way that the clock tower of old Independence Hall, which I can see from my office window, inspires me." Roosevelt wrote to Rockwell "I think you have done a superb job in bringing home to the plain, everyday citizen the plain, everyday truths behind the Four Freedoms... I congratulate you not alone on the execution but also for the spirit which impelled you to make this contribution to the common cause of a freer, happier world". Roosevelt wrote to The Post, "This is the first pictorial representation I have seen of the staunchly American values contained in the rights of free speech and free worship and our goals of freedom from fear and want."Murray and McCabe, p. 61.
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Works Progress Administration (WPA) poster promoting the LaGuardia Airport project (1937) Roosevelt nationalized unemployment relief through the Works Progress Administration (WPA), headed by close friend Harry Hopkins. Roosevelt had insisted that the projects had to be costly in terms of labor, beneficial in the long term and the WPA was forbidden to compete with private enterprises—therefore the workers had to be paid smaller wages., Kennedy, Freedom From Fear pp. 250–52 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was created to return the unemployed to the workforce.Peter Fearon, War, Prosperity, and Depression (1987) The WPA financed a variety of projects such as hospitals, schools, and roads, and employed more than 8.5 million workers who built 650,000 miles of highways and roads, 125,000 public buildings as well as bridges, reservoirs, irrigation systems, parks, playgrounds and so on.
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Of course, the exact definition of peacebuilding varies depending on the actor, with some definitions specifying what activities fall within the scope of peacebuilding or restricting peacebuilding to post-conflict interventions. Even if peacebuilding has remained a largely amorphous concept without clear guidelines or goals, common to all definitions is the agreement that improving human security is the central task of peacebuilding. In this sense, peacebuilding includes a wide range of efforts by diverse actors in government and civil society at the community, national, and international levels to address the root causes of violence and ensure civilians have freedom from fear (negative peace), freedom from want (positive peace) and freedom from humiliation before, during, and after violent conflict. Although many of peacebuilding's aims overlap with those of peacemaking, peacekeeping and conflict resolution, it is a distinct idea.
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Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.775 In 1943, Roosevelt gave the FEPC a budget of half-million dollars and replaced the unpaid volunteers who had previously staffed the FEPC with a paid staff concentrated in regional headquarters across the nation with instructions to inspect the defense industry's factories to ensure the spirit and letter of Executive Order 8802 was being obeyed. Roosevelt believed that having Black men and women employed in the defense industry working as skilled laborers would give them far higher wages than what they ever had before, and ultimately form the nucleus of a Black middle class. When the president learned that some unions were pushing for black employees to be given menial "auxiliary" jobs in the factories, he instructed the National Labor Relations Board to decertify those unions.
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Throughout his political career Roosevelt championed the cause of human rights. In his annual State of the Union address to Congress of January 6, 1941, which was delivered at a time when Nazi Germany occupied much of Western Europe, he asked the American citizens to support war efforts in various ways. He stated his vision of a better future, founded upon four freedoms: "In the future days which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms," some traditional and some new ones: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. Roosevelt's January6 State of the Union address became known as his "Four Freedoms Speech", due to its conclusion that described the President's vision of a worldwide extension of the American ideals of individual liberties summarized by these four freedoms.
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During World War II, the Allies—known formally as the United Nations—adopted as their basic war aims the Four Freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from fear, and freedom from want.Bodnar, John, The "Good War" in American Memory. (Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010) 11 Towards the end of the war, the United Nations Charter was debated, drafted, and ratified to reaffirm "faith in fundamental human rights, and dignity and worth of the human person" and commit all member states to promote "universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion". When the atrocities committed by Nazi Germany became fully apparent after the war, the consensus within the world community was that the UN Charter did not sufficiently define the rights to which it referred.
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In addition, the American Meditation Institute publishes a variety of media through AMI Publishers, including the magazine Transformation, the Journal of Yoga Science as Mind-Body Medicine, and books including The Heart and Science of Yoga: A Blueprint for Peace, Happiness and Freedom from Fear. This encyclopedic resource for experiencing the healing connection between mind, body, and spirit was the recipient of six major book awards during 2006 and 2007 including the Benjamin Franklin, ForeWord Magazine, Independent Publisher Book Awards, Eric Hoffer Awards and Nautilus Awards. The book has been endorsed by noted physicians Mehmet Oz, Dean Ornish, Bernie Siegel, and Larry Dossey. In 2009, The American Meditation Institute hosted its First Annual Comprehensive Training in Holistic Mind-Body Medicine course for healthcare practitioners."Dr. Bernie Siegel Joins Leonard Perlmutter to Teach Holistic Medicine Course (Beth Netter, M.D. Blog)"; 2010. 2011-01-25.
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His materialism led him to a general attack on superstition and divine intervention. Following the Cyrenaic philosopher Aristippus, Epicurus believed that the greatest good was to seek modest, sustainable pleasure in the form of a state of ataraxia (tranquility and freedom from fear) and aponia (the absence of bodily pain) through knowledge of the workings of the world and limiting desires. Correspondingly, Epicurus and his followers shunned politics because it could lead to frustrations and ambitions which can directly conflict with the Epicurean pursuit for peace of mind and virtues. Although Epicureanism is a form of hedonism insofar as it declares pleasure to be its sole intrinsic goal, the concept that the absence of pain and fear constitutes the greatest pleasure, and its advocacy of a simple life, make it very different from "hedonism" as colloquially understood.
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The inclusion of additional accessories and condiments led to the development of an accessory package.Koehler, Franz A., Special Rations for the Armed Forces: Army Operational Rations – A Historical Background, QMC Historical Studies, Historical Branch, Office of the Quartermaster General, Washington, D.C. (1958) The brown butcher paper accessory pack contained sugar tablets, halazone water purification tablets (for a brief period in 1945), a flat wooden spoon, a piece of candy-coated chewing gum, 3 "short" sample 3-packs or one "long" sample 9-pack of commercial-grade cigarettes and a book of 20 cardboard moisture-resistant matches, a paper-wrapped P-38 can opener printed with instructions for its proper use, and typically 22.5 sheets of toilet paper (compared to 3 sheets for the British Army).Kennedy, David M. , "The American People in World War II: Freedom from Fear: Part Two", Oxford University Press, 2003, p.288 The P-38 can openers were generally worn on the GI's "dog tag" chain to facilitate opening the next meal's cans.
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Co- founded in 2016 by Hank Willis Thomas, a photographer and conceptual artist, and Eric Gottesman, a visual artist and teacher, For Freedoms was inspired by Norman Rockwell's paintings of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “Four Freedoms” wartime address in 1941—a call to safeguard the freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. In January 2016, For Freedoms was registered as the first artist-run political action committee and began raising money for national advertising through the artistic collaboration Postcards from America, a project of Magnum Foundation artists Jim Goldberg, Gilles Peress, and Alec Soth. The Postcards from America Photographs, as well as works from Carrie Mae Weems, Rashid Johnson, Xaviera Simmons, Bayeté Ross Smith, Fred Tomaselli, and Marilyn Minter, were exhibited at Jack Shainman Gallery in summer of 2016. In July of that year, outside of For Freedoms headquarters, a flag by Dread Scott was added to the show, drawing immense attention.
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The UNICRI products of greatest success include the first UN report on counterfeiting, the first manual of Criminal Procedure for International Tribunals, the Master LLM on international crime and justice, the report on environmental crimes, the international magazine Freedom From Fear, the innovative program on land rights in cooperation with Terra Madre and Slow Food, the program of public- private partnerships on security of major events and the knowledge management system for risks from CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear) substances. In 2008 Calvani became Chairman of the Global Agenda Council on Illicit Trade, an initiative of the World Economic Forum. He later joined the Global Agenda Council on Poverty of the World Economic Forum.Members, reports and issues related to the Global Agenda Council on Poverty & Economic Development 2010 of the World Economic Forum During his career Calvani has participated in specialized courses on leadership development at Harvard University (Cambridge, Massachusetts) and the management of major health emergencies in Leuven (Belgium).
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Jamie Hales of The Oregonian called the event "historic" and "a veritable stoner's paradise", writing: > In a city where recreational marijuana events have struggled just to get off > the ground, Weed the People represented an effort that, while it had its > issues, was unprecedented ... In cities around the country, carrying around > seven grams of cannabis can mean serious jail time. In Portland on Friday, > it was a cause for celebration ... It meant freedom to consume a drug people > many had already been consuming, it meant freedom from fear of arrest for > doing so, it meant the opportunity to smoke, to eat and to vaporize freely—a > freedom many in Oregon will be exercising enthusiastically. Willamette Week Martin Cizmar said the event was described as a "shitshow" on social media, and believed "Weed the People" was a financial success. KATU's Reed Andrews described the event as the "first of its kind" and said it "is testing the limits for what's legal when it comes to marijuana in Oregon".
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In 1941, Roosevelt advocated freedom from want and freedom from fear as part of his Four Freedoms goal. In 1944, Roosevelt called for a Second Bill of Rights that would have expanded many social and economic rights for the workers such as the right for every American to have access to a job and universal healthcare. This economic bill of rights was taken up as a mantle by the People's Program for 1944 of the Congress of Industrial Organizations, a platform that has been described as "aggressive social-democratic" for the post-war era. Harry S. Truman, president of the United States (1945–1953), whose Fair Deal was a continuation and expansion of the New Deal While criticized by many leftists and hailed by mainstream observers as having saved American capitalism from a socialist revolution, many communists, socialists and social democrats admired Roosevelt and supported the New Deal, including politicians and activists of European social-democratic parties such as the British Labour Party and the French Section of the Workers' International.
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Engraving of the Four Freedoms at the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial in Washington, D.C. The Four Freedoms were goals articulated by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt on Monday, January 6, 1941. In an address known as the Four Freedoms speech (technically the 1941 State of the Union address), he proposed four fundamental freedoms that people "everywhere in the world" ought to enjoy: # Freedom of speech # Freedom of worship # Freedom from want # Freedom from fear Roosevelt delivered his speech 11 months before the surprise Japanese attack on U.S. forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii that caused the United States to declare war on Japan, December 8, 1941. The State of the Union speech before Congress was largely about the national security of the United States and the threat to other democracies from world war that was being waged across the continents in the eastern hemisphere. In the speech, he made a break with the tradition of United States non-interventionism that had long been held in the United States.
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In a July 30, 2002 editorial for the Gazette, retired West Virginia State College economist Aaron Metz identified two issues arising from the affair; freedom of speech and "freedom from fear", writing "Freedom of speech suffers in an environment of fear. Katie was afraid to go to school because law and order ceased to exist there." Metz observed that the story had caught the attention of Poles, some of whom wanted Sierra to come and study in their country, and to the Japanese, whose response he called "more irrational", saying they "didn't want her; they just wanted to get that T-shirt in their hands" and were "making fun of West Virginia, a state 50th in education, for expelling a good student - a sort of sideshow using Katie and her T-shirt on TV for entertainment". In the context of adult control of adolescent expression, a December 2003 editorial in the Gazette wrote that the Sissonville High's administrators "overreacted" in Sierra's case, feeding a backlash against the student instead of "taking advantage of her youthful energy and curiosity to craft meaningful civics lessons".
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On 18 June 1941, Randolph met with Roosevelt with the mayor of New York, Fiorello H. La Guardia serving as a mediator, where in a compromise it was agreed that the march would be cancelled in exchange for Executive Order 8802, which banned discrimination in factories making weapons for the military.Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p. 767 In 1941, the Roosevelt administration, through officially neutral, was leaning in very Allied direction with the United States providing weapons to Great Britain and China (to be joined by the Soviet Union after 22 June 1941), and the president needed the co-operation of Congress as much possible, where isolationist voices were frequently heard. Roosevelt argued to Randolph that he could not antagonize the powerful bloc of conservative Southern Democrats in Congress, and desegregation of the military was out of the question as the Southern Democrats would never accept it; by contrast, as La Guardia pointed out, most of the factories in the defense industry were located in California, the Midwest and the Northeast.
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774 At the subsequent court martial for the "Port Chicago 50" on the charges of mutiny, their defense lawyer, Thurgood Marshall stated: "Negroes in the Navy don't mind loading ammunition. They just want to know why they are the only ones doing the loading! They want to know why they are segregated; why they don't get promoted, and why the Navy disregarded official warnings by the San Francisco waterfront unions...that an explosion was inevitable if they persisted in using untrained seamen in the loading of ammunition". Though the sailors were convicted, the Port Chicago disaster led the Navy in August 1944 to allow Black sailors to serve alongside white sailors on ships, through Black people could only make up 10% of the crew. Through the Army was reluctant to send Black units into combat, famous segregated units, such as the Tuskegee Airmen and the U.S. 761st Tank Battalion proved their value in combat.Kennedy, David Freedom from Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.772-773 Approximately 75 percent of the soldiers who served in the European theater as truckers for the Red Ball Express and kept Allied supply lines open were African-American.Williams, Rudi.
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A major result of the full employment at high wages was a sharp, long lasting decrease in the level of income inequality (Great Compression). The gap between rich and poor narrowed dramatically in the area of nutrition because food rationing and price controls provided a reasonably priced diet to everyone. White collar workers did not typically receive overtime and therefore the gap between white collar and blue collar income narrowed. Large families that had been poor during the 1930s had four or more wage earners and these families shot to the top one-third income bracket. Overtime provided large paychecks in war industriesKennedy, Freedom from Fear ch 18 and average living standards rose steadily, with real wages rising by 44% in the four years of war, while the percentage of families with an annual income of less than $2,000 fell from 75% to 25% of the population.America in our time: from World War II to Nixon—what happened and why by Godfrey Hodgson In 1941, 40% of all American families lived on less than the $1,500 per year defined as necessary by the Works Progress Administration for a modest standard of living.
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In May 1943, in Mobile, Alabama, when the local shipyard promoted some Black men up to be trained as welders, white workers rioted and seriously injured 11 of their Black co-workers. In Los Angeles, the Zoot Suit riots of 3–8 June 1943 saw white servicemen attacking Chicano (Mexican-American) and Black youths for wearing zoot suits. On 15 June 1943, in Beaumont, Texas, a pogrom saw a white mob smash up Black homes while lynching 2 Black men. In Detroit, which expanded massively during the war years with 50, 000 Black people from the South and 200, 000 "hillbilly" whites from Appalachia moving to the city to work in the factories, competition for sparse rental housing had pushed tensions to the brink. On 20 June 1943, false rumors that a white mob had lynched 3 Black men led to an outbreak of racial rioting in Detroit that left 34 dead, of whom 25 were Black. On 1–2 August 1943, another race riot in Harlem left 6 Black people dead. Politically, Black people left the Republican Party and joined the Democratic New Deal Coalition of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, whom they widely admired.David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (2001).
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