Yet, despite this, she was trapped in a near endless cycle of poverty, street life, substance abuse, and precarity, which likely came as a result of her double oppression as a First Nations person and as a woman.
|
|
Portrait of Englishman Archibald Belaney, who 'reinvented himself' as Grey Owl. Photo by Yousuf Karsh, 1936. Born in England, Belaney went to Canada and, among non-Natives, successfully passed as a First Nations person for many years. Other persons have passed as Native American or First Nations people.
|
|
Her students included Rémi Bouchard, Scott Baker, Thelma Harper, Peggy Kennedy, Kevin Kowal, Arlene Powell, Margaret Randell, Rupert Ross, Tom Stevenson (the first Canadian First Nations person to receive the Associate of The Royal Conservatory (ARCT)) and June Stinson. Holtby died in Winnipeg at the age of 86.
|
|
Vollman features historical figures as major characters, including Jean de Brébeuf, Isaac Jogues, Samuel de Champlain, Marc Lescarbot, Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt et de Saint-Just, Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts, and Kateri Tekakwitha, a Catholic Mohawk religious woman who was canonized in October 2012, the first Native American/First Nations person to be so honored.
|
|
"First Nations" (most often used in the plural) has come into general use for the Indigenous peoples of North America located in what is now Canada, and their descendants, excluding the Inuit and Métis, who have distinct identities.(R.S., 1985, c. I–5) Canadian Constitution Act, 1982, sections 25 and 35. The singular commonly used is "First Nations person" (when gender-specific, "First Nations man" or "First Nations woman").
|
|
Chief William Jeffrey (born 1899, date of death unknown) was a Canadian hereditary Tsimshian Chief, First Nations activist and carver. He attended residential school from 1914 to 1917. Though he desired to be a lawyer, his status as a First Nations person and government policy at the time prevented him from attending college for any profession other than the clergy. In 1930 he co-founded the Native Brotherhood of British Columbia.
|
|
Graydon Nicholas was born into a Maliseet family on the Tobique First Nations Reserve. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from St. Francis Xavier University and, in 1971, a Bachelor of Law degree from the University of New Brunswick. He was the first First Nations person in Atlantic Canada to earn a law degree. He also obtained a Master of Social Work degree from Wilfrid Laurier University in 1974.
|
|
Alan Overfield was born a First Nations person on Manitoulin Island and is considered to have been a Canadian white supremacist. He was a founding member of the Edmund Burke Society, established by Paul Fromm, Don Andrews, and Leigh Smith. He was also part of an attempted takeover by Fromm of the Ontario wing of the national Social Credit Party of Canada. Overfield appears to have run for office under the banner of the Social Credit Party in the riding of Beaches-Woodbine.
|
|
Because of this, he was defrocked by the Methodists. The Copways moved to New York City, where he wrote and published a memoir, The Life, History and Travels of Kah-ge-ga-gah-Bowh (1847), republished in London in 1850 as Recollections of a forest life; or, the life and travels of Kah-ge-ga-gah-bowh. It was the first book published by a Canadian First Nations person. It had six printings in the first year and rapidly became a bestseller.
|
|
When incorporation came in 1899, as the Town of Strathcona, Rutherford became the new town's secretary-treasurer after he had acted as returning officer in its first election. Throughout that period, he practised law, from 1899 with Frederick C. Jamieson, who later was elected as a Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. He employed single women as secretaries in an era that.erical workers were predominantly male, and he defended a First Nations person accused of murder when most lawyers refused such cases.
|
|
Oliver Milton Martin (1893-1957) was a member of the Kanien'kehá:ka nation from the Six Nations Grand River Reserve, Martin served in the First and Second World Wars, gaining the rank of brigadier and was the highest ranking First Nations person of the Second World War. After leaving the military he was a school teacher, principal and provincial magistrate. Martin was the first Indigenous person to be appointed a provincial magistrate in Ontario. The Royal Canadian Legion Branch #345 in Toronto is named in his honour.
|
|
Gene Boy Came Home is a 2007 documentary film by First Nations filmmaker Alanis Obomsawin, produced by the National Film Board of Canada. The film tells the story of Eugene "Gene Boy" Benedict, who is a First Nations person raised on the Odanak Indian Reserve, approximately an hour and a half east of Montreal. He left home at age 15 to work in construction in New York City. At 17, adrift and beginning to lose his way, he accepted a dare and enlisted in the United States Marine Corps.
|
|
Kona Williams (born ca 1978) is a forensic pathologist, the first First Nations person in that profession in Canada. The daughter of Gordon Williams, a Cree from Peguis First Nation in Manitoba, and Karen Jacobs-Williams, a Mohawk from Kahnawake, she was born in Ottawa. She studied medicine at the University of Ottawa, received her M.D. in 2009, and spent five more years as an anatomical pathology resident there. She continued with a post-graduate fellowship in the department of laboratory medicine and pathobiology at the University of Toronto.
|
|
His herd rarely included less than 100 horses, which made him the second wealthiest First Nations person in the area. Though his horses carried a number of diverse brands, he could always produce bills of sale (even though he could not read them himself) for most of them. Those without papers, if they were American horses, were sold in Canada while paperless Canadian horses were sold south of the Medicine Line. Those branded with the markings of the US Cavalry were sold as far north as possible unless he had papers proving they had been purchased legally.
|
|
In Canada, the term non-status Indian refers to any First Nations person who for whatever reason is not registered with the federal government, or is not registered to a band which signed a treaty with the Crown. For several decades, status Indian women automatically became non-status if they married men who were not status Indians. Prior to 1955, a status Indian could lose their status and become non-status through enfranchisement (voluntarily giving up status, usually for a minimal cash payment), by obtaining a college degree or becoming an ordained minister. The 2013 Federal Court case Daniels v.
|
|
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. The author and environmentalist Grey Owl was born in United Kingdom as a white man named Archibald Belaney; he made a life in Canada and claimed to be a First Nations person. When asked to explain his European appearance, he lied and claimed he was half Scottish and half Apache. Belaney performed what he said were Ojibwe cultural practices and wilderness skills, and adopted an anachronistic and stereotypical lifestyle, as part of a persona which he was successful in marketing to non-Native audiences.Donald B. Smith, From the Land of Shadows: the Making of Grey Owl, (Saskatoon: Western Prairie Books, 1990) The United States actor Iron Eyes Cody, who was of Sicilian descent, developed a niche in Hollywood by playing roles of Native Americans.
|
|
The story of Pitt Lake gold begins in 1858, the year of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, when a number of maps were published in San Francisco promoting the gold fields of British Columbia.Derek Hayes shows the three maps on pp 151-154 of his Historical Atlas of BC and the Pacific Northwest Sasquatch Books, 1999. Two of these maps show the words "gold" and "Indian diggings" in the country above Pitt Lake. Another map from that time shows the words "much gold bearing quartz rock” on the north side of Pitt Lake, where a decade later, in 1869, an Indian “Indian” is used here because it was the term used at the time of the publication of the original articles. Today the term “First Nations person” is preferred. brought “... a good prospect of gold…which he states he found in a little stream on the north side of Pitt Lake” to New Westminster. The report created “great excitement” in the city, and parties set out to find the diggings.Discovery of diggings at Pitt River," New Westminster Mainland Guardian, 10 November 1869.
|
|