We live in an age of absolutes, where health insurance is fallaciously equated with healthcare, where progressives disdain the private sector and put all trust in the federal bureaucracy while conservatives instinctively distrust the federal Leviathan.
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Art Nouveau had until then been the province of a small avant-garde coterie, but now fallaciously dubbed "le Style Mucha" it suddenly had a vast new audience, and Mucha, via Bernhardt, became a celebrity in his own right, overnight.
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In yet another clip from the company, Moroșanu appears to be drinking and promoting a brand of wine, which supposedly gives him super-hero like fighting powers. The wine is supposed to be, albeit fallaciously, his own signature line.
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But even an eclipsed research programme may linger, Lakatos finds, and can resume progress by later revisions to its protective belt. In any case, Lakatos concluded inductivism to be rather farcical abd never in history of science actually practiced. Lakatos alleged that Newton had fallaciously posed his own research programme as inductivist to publicly legitimize itself.Larvor, Lakatos (Routledge, 1998), p 49.
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Raed Salah, leader of the northern branch of the Islamic Movement in Israel wrote that: > "The Western Wall—all its various parts, structures and gates—are an > inseparable part of the al-Aqsa compound...The Western Wall is part of Al- > Aqsa's western tower, which the Israeli establishment fallaciously and > sneakily calls the 'Wailing Wall'. The wall is part of the holy al-Aqsa > Mosque".
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Eisenstein , Charles (2011), "Sacred Economics: Money, Gift and Society in an Age in Transition" (Evolver Editions) As social ecological economist Clive Spash has noted, externality theory fallaciously assumes environmental and social problems are minor aberrations in an otherwise perfectly functioning efficient economic system. Copy also available at Internalizing the odd externality does nothing to address the structural systemic problem and fails to recognize the all pervasive nature of these supposed 'externalities'.
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The fallacy is in concluding the consequent of a fallacious argument has to be false. That the argument is fallacious only means that the argument cannot succeed in proving its consequent.John Woods, The death of argument: fallacies in agent based reasoning, Springer 2004, pp. XXIII–XXV But showing how one argument in a complex thesis is fallaciously reasoned does not necessarily invalidate its conclusion if that conclusion is not dependent on the fallacy.
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The Netherlands would become a dependent satellite, and British commerce would be excluded. Germany would rebuild a colonial empire in Africa. The ideas sketched by Riezler were not fully formulated, were not endorsed by Bethmann- Hollweg, and were not presented to or approved by any official body. The ideas were formulated on the run after the war began, and did not mean these ideas had been reflected a prewar plan, as historian Fritz Fischer fallaciously assumed.
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Bohr's response to the EPR paper was published in the Physical Review later in 1935. He argued that EPR had reasoned fallaciously. Because measurements of position and of momentum are complementary, making the choice to measure one excludes the possibility of measuring the other. Consequently, a fact deduced regarding one arrangement of laboratory apparatus could not be combined with a fact deduced by means of the other, and so, the inference of predetermined position and momentum values for the second particle was not valid.
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Shabaka Shakur was wrongfully convicted of a double murder in 1989 following the deaths of two high school classmates in 1988. Scarcella fallaciously testified that Shakur had confessed to him that he had killed two men after an argument about car payments. Shakur was sentenced to two consecutive 20-to-life sentences. Steadfast in his innocence, Shakur served 28 years in prison before Judge Desmond Green vacated his conviction in 2015, writing that there was "reasonable probability" that the confession was "indeed fabricated" and attributing a "propensity to embellish or fabricate statements" to Scarcella.
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Survivorship bias (or survivor bias) is a statistical artifact in applications outside finance, where studies on the remaining population are fallaciously compared with the historic average despite the survivors having unusual properties. Mostly, the unusual property in question is a track record of success (like the successful funds). For example, the parapsychology researcher Joseph Banks Rhine believed he had identified the few individuals from hundreds of potential subjects who had powers of ESP. His calculations were based on the improbability of these few subjects guessing the Zener cards shown to a partner by chance.
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Perhaps the most famous critique of the construct of g is that of the paleontologist and biologist Stephen Jay Gould, presented in his 1981 book The Mismeasure of Man. He argued that psychometricians have fallaciously reified the g factor as a physical thing in the brain, even though it is simply the product of statistical calculations (i.e., factor analysis). He further noted that it is possible to produce factor solutions of cognitive test data that do not contain a g factor yet explain the same amount of information as solutions that yield a g.
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Kapp, Karl William (1971) Social costs, neo-classical economics and environmental planning. The Social Costs of Business Enterprise, 3rd edition. K. W. Kapp. Nottingham, Spokesman: 305–18 Charles Eisenstein has argued that this method of privatising profits while socialising the costs through externalities, passing the costs to the community, to the natural environment or to future generations is inherently destructiveEinsentein, Charles (2011), "Sacred Economics: Money, Gift and Society in an Age in Transition" (Evolver Editions) Social ecological economist Clive Spash argues that externality theory fallaciously assumes environmental and social problems are minor aberrations in an otherwise perfectly functioning efficient economic system.
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The ideas were formulated on the run after the war began, and did not mean these ideas had been reflected a prewar plan, as historian Fritz Fischer fallaciously assumed. However they do indicate that if Germany had won it would have taken a very aggressive dominant position in Europe. Indeed, it took a very harsh position on occupied Belgian and France starting in 1914, and in the Treaty of Brest Litovsk imposed on Russia in 1917, which liberated many of the subject peoples of Russia from Finland to Ukraine.Tombs, The English and their history (2014) p 611.
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In June 1940, just before the first German bombing raids over the town, Matthews evacuated the school to a safer location in the village of Brent Knoll in Somerset - the move almost certainly being prompted by fear of German invasion of the South Coast of England following the fall of France. What had been the school building in Gaudick Road, Eastbourne, was subsequently damaged on 16 August 1940 when a German pilot was killed falling onto its roof after his parachute failed to open. The school's new location was at Somerset Court in Brent Knoll, which was locally (but fallaciously) remembered as one of Judge Jeffreys' court-houses in the aftermath of the 1685 Monmouth Rebellion.
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Decisions and conclusions made on the basis of "the squeaky wheel gets the grease" may be reached fallaciously if one assumes a problem will out itself with contrary evidence rather than finding positive evidence to support a conclusion. Sreenivasan & Narayana (2008) identify the squeaky wheel fallacy as a fallacy to avoid during "problem formulation, analysis, interpretation and action" in the continual improvement process: > This fallacy operates on the principle that [the] squeaky wheel gets the > grease. If something is wrong with a conclusion it will 'squeak'. If we do > not hear any complaints from the shop one can assure that the change adopted > is OK. In experimental work, this fallacy arises when decisions are based on > the absence of contrary evidence rather than the presence of supporting > evidence...The cure for this fallacy lies in reaching conclusions based on > the presence of positive supporting evidence rather than lack of contrary > evidence.
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