Riot police on horses pushed back protesting workers outside an Alstom plant in France's northern factory belt on Friday, shortly before Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire arrived to talk with workers.
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In one direction, cashed-up investors from Southern China's factory belt are moving into Hong Kong's luxury apartment sector, where prices can be more than 222 times those on the mainland.
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In the prettytime, everyone has a "hole in the wall" where they can ask the wall for a piece of clothing/accessory, and it will give it to them. Certain complex items (like hoverboards, furniture and really nice clothes) had to be requisitioned from the factory belt, where middle pretties assembled the special objects.
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Competitive devaluation combined with each successive downturn saw traditional U.S. manufacturing workers experiencing lay-offs. In general, in the Factory Belt employment in the manufacturing sector declined by 32.9% between 1969 and 1996.Kahn, Matthew E. "The silver lining of rust belt manufacturing decline." Journal of Urban Economics 46, no. 3 (1999): 360–376.
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"Midwestern Industrialization and the American Manufacturing Belt in the Nineteenth Century." Journal of Economic History 49(4):921–937. Factory Belt, or Steel Belt as distinct from the agricultural Midwestern states forming the so-called Corn Belt and Great Plains states that are often called the "breadbasket of America". The Great Lakes Megalopolis (shown in orange) is associated with the Rust Belt.
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48-49 The actual stables were demolished in the 2000s; the central core still stands. At the beginning of World War I, Leonid was drafted and became a military engineer. Alexander and Victor stayed deep in the rear, in the factory belt on the Volga. Alexander was cashiered for poor eyesight, Victor worked in defence factory construction; his most important project of the period, a textile mill and adjacent worker's town in Kineshma, was completed in 1917.
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The flourishing of industrial manufacturing in the region was caused in part by the proximity to the Great Lakes waterways, and abundance of paved roads, water canals and railroads. After the transportation infrastructure linked the iron ore found in northern Minnesota, Wisconsin and Upper Michigan with the coal mined from Appalachian Mountains, the Steel Belt was born. Soon it developed into the Factory Belt with its great American manufacturing cities: Chicago, Buffalo, Detroit, Milwaukee, Cincinnati, Toledo, Cleveland, St. Louis, Johnstown (Windber), and Pittsburgh among others. This region for decades served as a magnet for immigrants from Austria-Hungary, Poland and Russia who provided the industrial facilities with inexpensive labor.
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News media occasionally refer to a patchwork of defunct centers of heavy industry and manufacturing across the Great Lakes and midwestern United States as the snow belt, the manufacturing belt, or the factory belt - because of their vibrant industrial economies in the past. This includes most of the cities of the Midwest as far west as the Mississippi River, including St. Louis, and many of those in the Great Lakes and Northern New York.. At the center of this expanse lies an area stretching from northern Indiana and southern Michigan in the west to Upstate New York in the east, where local tax revenues relied more heavily on manufacturing than on any other sector.Garreau, Joel. The Nine Nations of North America.
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Since the 1980s, presidential candidates have devoted much of their time to the economic concerns of the Rust Belt region, which contains the populous swing states of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Michigan. Those states were also critical and decisive to Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 US Presidential Election. Delving into the past and musing on the future of Rust Belt states, the 2010 Brookings Institution report suggests that the Great Lakes region has a sizable potential for transformation, citing already existing global trade networks, clean energy/low carbon capacity, developed innovation infrastructure and higher educational network. Different strategies were proposed in order to reverse the fortunes of the former Factory Belt including building casinos and convention centers, retaining the so-called "creative class" through arts and downtown renewal, encouraging the "knowledge" economy type of entrepreneurship, etc.
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