But the industry, which previously targeted the very affluent, has begun courting middle-class people who own policies with face values of $100,2803 to $500,000.
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Higher face values and interest rates due to inflation helped to drive growth in the region, especially in Brazil, compensating for a decline in the number of beneficiaries in that country.
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SinfulColors Professionals nail polish, available at Harmon Face Values or Target for $1.99You don't need to spend a ton of money on a nail polish color to get a salon-grade manicure.
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Ramalho explained that the deposit rate is lower for zero-coupon bonds as they will be bought at a premium compared to market prices and will allow for the full recovery of invested amounts despite a steep discount from face values.
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In 1993, two Airport Charge stamps with face values 800/- and US$10 and two Seaport Charge stamps with face values of 300/- and US$5 were issued. The Airport Charge 800/- (and possibly the other value) also exist with a handstamped surcharge 1000/-.
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Funeral and burial insurance is similar to whole life insurance, but with lower face values, fewer rider options, and no medical underwriting.
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Uncut sheets are sold for more than their respective face values. Uncut sheets of large size notes (issued before 1928) also exist, but are extremely rare.
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However, a lack of standards caused face values to wildly fluctuate. A nationwide standard paper currency was not produced until 1274, two years before the Southern Song's fall.
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The face values of B shares are set in Renminbi. In Shanghai, B shares are traded in US dollars, whereas in Shenzhen they are traded in Hong Kong dollars.
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The platinum coins were made of .9995 pure platinum in four denominations of different sizes, consisting of 1 troy ounce (oz), oz, oz, and oz. bearing the face values of $50, $20, $10, and $5, respectively.
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Because its face values corresponded to the introduced gold standard, the series usually goes under the name of "Gold Standard". These stamps are also known as "Small Head" issues. They were thoroughly described by H. L. Aronson.
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One of the earliest numismatic collection was the Olympic Five and Ten Dollar coins for the 1976 Montreal Olympics. Starting in 1973, the RCM issued four coin sets (two five dollar coins and two ten dollar coins). At the behest of the Federal Government, led by then-Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau, it was agreed that these coins would help finance while commemorate the 1976 Summer Olympics. The plan was to have thirty coins, twenty-eight silver coins with face values of $5 and $10, and two gold coins with face values of $100.
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Forestry fund stamps were used to pay a fund to aid afforestation. It was a compulsory tax from 1995 to 1996, and voluntary after that. Only two were issued, with the face values of 1000 and 50000 lira.
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In 1896 revenue stamps were issued for use in the Tati Concessions Land. Six stamps were issued with the design of an African elephant, and with the face values of 1s, 2s6d, 5s, 10s, £1 and £5. All of these are rare and now command high prices.
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The coins come in denominations of RM200, RM100 and RM50 which are nominal face values, and weighs 1 oz, ½ oz and ¼ oz respectively. RM is the notation for the Malaysian ringgit. The purchase and resale price of Kijang Emas is determined by the prevailing international gold market price.
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9999 purity, featuring a new portrait of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse. The coins have legal tender status in Canada, but as is often the case with bullion coins, the face values of these coins is lower than the market price of the material they are made from.
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Pakistan Security Printing Press uses three processes in the production of stamps. These are: recess, photogravure and lithography. Definitive stamps of high and medium face values are printed using the recess method as are special stamps.Collection of Pakistan Postage Stamps 1992 & 1993, Islamabad, Pakistan Postal Services Corporation p.
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Art-Hanoi CURRENCY TYPES AND THEIR FACE VALUES DURING THE TỰ ĐỨC ERA. This is a translation of the article “Monnaies et circulation monetairé au Vietnam dans l’ère Tự Đức (1848-1883) by François Thierry de Crussol (蒂埃里). Published in Revue Numismatique 1999 (volume # 154). Pgs 267-313.
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The face value of Maundy money coins was maintained, increasing all their face values by a factor of 2.4, as the coins continued to be legal tender as new pence. The numismatic value of each coin, though, greatly exceeds face value. All predecimal crowns remain legal tender, with a face value of 25p.
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A coin's value as a collector's item or as an investment generally depends on its condition, specific historical significance, rarity, quality, beauty of the design and general popularity with collectors. If a coin is greatly lacking in all of these, it is unlikely to be worth much. The value of bullion coins is also influenced to some extent by those factors, but is largely based on the value of their gold, silver, or platinum content. Sometimes non-monetized bullion coins such as the Canadian Maple Leaf and the American Gold Eagle are minted with nominal face values less than the value of the metal in them, but as such coins are never intended for circulation, these face values have no relevance.
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A unique piece in the Austrian collection is the Vienna Philharmonic coin. This coin is struck in pure gold, 999.9 fine (24 carats). It is issued every year, in four different face values, sizes and weights. It is used as an investment product (bullion coin), although it finishes almost always in hands of collectors.
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Banker's acceptance ratesBodie, Zvi. "Investments", page 28, 6th Canadian Edition. Canada: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2008 are the market rates at which banker's acceptances trade, and are determined by current values relative to face values. They represent the return received if an acceptance were purchased today at the market price and held until the payment date.
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They are the first of the Modern Olympic coins with face values of one hundred dollars. Due to the incredibly high mintage (over 20 million coins were produced), these coins have no investment value whatsoever. Most of these coins today are usually sold for their silver content. After the Olympic coin venture, the numismatic line expanded to include $100 Gold coins.
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The number of numismatic releases would increase on an annual basis starting in 2003. Numismatic three cents, five cents, and ten cents would be introduced, along with numismatic three dollars and eight dollars. Luxury coins would not be immune to the dramatic increases that ensued. Coins with face values of 250, 300 and 350 dollars would be introduced by 2006.
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While the Eagle, Maple Leaf, and Sovereign coins have nominal (purely symbolic) face values, the Krugerrand does not. Historically, a considerable variety of coinage metals (including alloys) and other materials (e.g. porcelain) have been used to produce coins for circulation, collection, and metal investment: bullion coins often serve as more convenient stores of assured metal quantity and purity than other bullion.
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Silver Britannias also are issued in fractional sizes of one-half, one-quarter, and one-tenth of a troy ounce and with face values of £1, 50p, and 20p respectively. Like the gold coins in 2013 two additional sizes were introduced, a five-ounce coin of face value £10, and a fractional size of one-twentieth of face value 10p.
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The 1s and 5s values of the 1887 Fee set also exist further overprinted FREE for use as Free Fee stamps. In 1890 postage stamps with the same face values were overprinted FREE FEE at once and replaced the 1887 issue. Trinidad also issued a customs stamp to pay the duty on opium in the 1880s. Trinidad revenues were also used in Tobago from 1896 to 1908.
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In 1921, Malta was granted a limited form of self- government which led to the establishment of a Senate and Legislative Assembly. To commemorate this, 1899–1922 definitive stamps were locally overprinted ' and were issued between 12 January and 29 April 1922. Between August 1922 and 1926, a set of stamps known as the Melita issue was released, with face values between ¼d and £1.
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The architectural signature of the asylum was its water tower, which at tall held 156 tons of water that was electrically pumped there from the asylum's deep well. In 1937 there were discussions on creating an internal currency to reward patients for their toil. A system of brass tokens was introduced with face values from ½d to 4/- each denomination varied in shape from circular, oval, hexagonal and octagonal.
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Most contemporary British stamps with face values up to 10/- can be found used in Malta. These include line-engraved issues such as the Halfpenny Rose Red, Penny Red, Three Halfpence Red and Two Pence Blue, the embossed stamps and surface-printed issues such as the Penny Venetian Red, Penny Lilac and the 1883–1884 Lilac and Green issue. Some British postal fiscals also exist used in Malta.
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The problem was that the coins were over-rated: their face values were greater than their bullion value. Banks would only accept them at a discount, while farmers and merchants found they had to take them at par value. The difference in values affected the farmers and merchants, and also had the effect of crowding the government one-dollar and two-dollars notes out of circulation.Graham, p. 107.
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After 1905, a third "Gothic" style of "China" overprint was applied to Germania stamps which also obliterated the stamps' face value as stated in German mark and pfennig values, and replaced them with equivalent face values in Chinese dollars and cents. All German post offices in China closed after China declared war on Germany on 16 March 1917 if they were still operating on that date.Michel 2007: p. 257. Some had closed prior to this.
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Slovenia joined the Eurozone on January 1, 2007. Although they did not mint any collectors' coin in 2007, in such a short time they already built a small collection, with face values ranging from €3 to €100. Is right here, in the face value, where the uniqueness of the Slovenian coins can be found. They have so far €3, €30 and €100 coins; using other materials, silver and gold for each of those coins.
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A new design of revenue stamps which depicted the country's coat of arms was issued in around 2000. This was printed by BDT International Security Printing and it has face values ranging from $1 to $1000. A modified version of this design was later issued in self-adhesive format, and it had the same denominations and was also printed by BDT. Apart from revenue-only issues, Guyana also issued dual-purpose postage and revenue stamps.
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The commemorative coins of Netherlands are minted by the KNM (the Royal Dutch Mint) The value of a Dutch silver coin corresponds with the theme of the coin. If the coin has a royal theme, then the face value is 10 euro. Any other subject and the coin will be of face value 5 euro. The same principle with the gold coins, which have face values of 10 euro and 20 euro.
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In 1932, pictorial designs with the portrait of King George V similar to the contemporary postage stamps but with a different inscription were issued. Similar issues but with the portraits of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II followed in 1938 and 1955 respectively. In 1961 the 1955 stamps were issued surcharged in South African rand. In 1965, a set of six stamps with face values from 25c to 4R was issued for Local Government Tax.
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All the higher values now command high prices and are quite rare. In addition to this issue, the same Natal £5 is known with a different overprint in violet, but it is not known if this was a legitimate issue or not. Natal's high value revenues were replaced by the postage stamps with face values up to £5 which were issued in 1894. The higher values of this set were mainly intended for fiscal rather than postal use.
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The Bavarian government did not pay the full amount for reparation claims above $600. Instead, claimants received a first installment in cash, and a second in the form of compensations checks that couldn't be renewed until 1 January 1954. Displaced persons, who were often desperate for money, would sell these notes to banks from 30 to 50 percent of their face values to banks. The banks by 1950 had bought up about $2 million dollars worth of these notes.
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On 2 February 2009, the RBZ announced that a further 12 zeros were to be taken off the currency, with 1,000,000,000,000 third Zimbabwean dollars being exchanged for 1 new fourth dollar. New banknotes were introduced with face values of Z$1, Z$5, Z$10, Z$20, Z$50, Z$100 and Z$500. The banknotes of the fourth dollar circulated alongside the third dollar, which remained legal tender until 30 June 2009. The new ISO currency code was ZWL.
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In 2013 DuBois was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters by Goucher College. He was named the inaugural artist for the Times Square Residency at the CrossRoads Program in 2015 and was a speaker for TED 2016. In 2018 the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum commissioned DuBois and Zach Lieberman to represent the United States in the London Design Biennale. The projects developed for that exhibition, Face Values, received the jury medal for "most inspiring interpretation of the 2018 theme".
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Cybele Palace, former Correos headquarters and current seat of the City Council of Madrid. One of the great developments in postal history during the nineteenth century was the invention of the postage stamp for the payment of shipments. The first stamps were issued in the United Kingdom, but many countries began soon after. In Spain, the first stamps was implemented on 1 January 1850, with face values ranging from 6 quarters for simple letters to 10 real for heavier certificates and international items.
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The face values and part of the chosen colours were inspired by the last definitive stamps of Singapore in use in Christmas Island."Christmas Island", stamps #1–10, Commonwealth Stamp Catalogue Australia, Stanley Gibbons, 4th edition, 2007, page 104 confronted to "Singapore", stamps #38–52, Commonwealth & British Empire Stamps 1840–1970, Stanley Gibbons, 2008, page 527. Stamps were printed in recess for the effigy and the word "Australia" and in typography for the overprint by the Note Printing Branch of the Commonwealth Bank in Melbourne.
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All hands are turned face up, including those of players who dropped. The face values of all these cards are totalled for each suit, ace counting 11, court cards 10 and numerals their face value. The "best suit" is the one with the highest visible total, and the player holding the highest card of it wins the pot, provided that he has not previously dropped. If he has, the winner is the player counting the greatest face value of cards in any other suit.
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Britannia coins are British bullion coins issued by the Royal Mint in gold since 1987, in silver since 1997, and in platinum since 2018. The coin patterns feature various depictions of Britannia, a feminine personification of the United Kingdom. Britannia gold coins contain one troy ounce of gold and have a face value of £100. Gold Britannias also are issued in fractional sizes of one-half, one-quarter, and one-tenth of a troy ounce and with face values of £50, £25, and £10 respectively.
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Juvenile life insurance is permanent life insurance that insures the life of a child (generally under age 18). It is a financial planning tool that provides a tax advantaged savings vehicle with potential for a lifetime of benefits. Juvenile life insurance, or child life insurance, is usually purchased to protect a family against the sudden and unexpected costs of a funeral and burial with much lower face values. Should the juvenile survive to their college years it can then take on the form of a financial planning tool.
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In November 1879 the official value of 6 copper phần was equal to 6 sapèques of zinc. However the foreign cash coinages as well as imitation (counterfeit) Vietnamese cash coins made of inferior alloys that circulated in Vietnam at the time were exchanged for only 3 cash coins of zinc.Art-Hanoi CURRENCY TYPES AND THEIR FACE VALUES DURING THE TỰ ĐỨC ERA. This is a translation of the article “Monnaies et circulation monetairé au Vietnam dans l’ère Tự Đức (1848-1883) by Francois Thierry Published in Revue Numismatique 1999 (volume # 154).
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The stamps had face values in paras (1 piastre = 40 paras) using the word ΠAPAΔEΣ. The first one - a handstruck issue - is shown on the picture above. Also in 1898 followed a 10 Parades blue and a 20 Parades green and in 1899 a 10 Parades brown and a 20 Parades red, all lithographic issues. Former it was thought, that Mail was forwarded via the Austrian office at Heraklion with a CANDIA postmark, because very few surviving envelopes bear the stamps of both the British and Austrian agencies.
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Numerous authorities issued coins denominated in wén in the nineteenth century, including departments of the Imperial government (The Board of Revenue and Board of Public Works) together with provincial authorities. Most coins were 1 wén denominations, but denominations of 4, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 wén were also issued.Art-Hanoi CURRENCY TYPES AND THEIR FACE VALUES DURING THE TỰ ĐỨC ERA. This is a translation of the article “Monnaies et circulation monetairé au Vietnam dans l’ère Tự Đức (1848-1883) by François Thierry de Crussol (蒂埃里).
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Since the foundation proved too strong to be dismantled, it was left where it stood. In 1860, a new penny coin was brought into circulation on which the lighthouse was depicted in the background behind Britannia, remaining on the penny until 1894. The lighthouse was also depicted on a number of tokens issued during the nineteenth century in Devon with face values from two pence to one shilling. An 1850 replica of Smeaton's lighthouse, Hoad Monument, still stands above the town of Ulverston, Cumbria as a memorial to naval administrator Sir John Barrow.
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In 2003, a very special coin was issued, the only one with a face value of €5 minted so far, and the only one made of two colors (not to be confused with bimetal coins), using alloys of other materials. This coin was issued commemorating the 2003 Special Olympics World Summer Games hosted in Ireland; it was the biggest mint ever with 60,000 coins released. In general, Ireland mints coins with very low face values, but because of the rarity of their gold coins, they are quoted in the market at very high values.
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The Solot Series (, ) was the first series of definitive stamps issued by Thailand, then known as Siam. It consisted of six face values, each of one solot, att, siao, sik, fueang and salueng, currency units prior to the decimalization of the baht. The series was printed by Waterlow and Sons in London, and was first issued on 4 August 1883, coinciding with the launch of Siam's postal service. Stamps in the series depicted King Chulalongkorn in profile, facing the frame's left, and were neither marked with the country name nor values in an international script.
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In 1992, the face values on these large coins were lowered to keep them proportional to the 1 oz coin. The reverse of these coins does not change annually like the lower denominations; the same "red kangaroo" design is used every year. In October 2011, the Perth Mint created a one tonne gold coin, breaking the record for the biggest and most valuable gold coin, previously held by the Royal Canadian Mint, the Big Maple Leaf.Australia unveils world's largest gold coin in Perth The coin is approximately in diameter and thick.
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Prior to 1849 brass coins had become an extreme rarity and only circulated in the provinces surrounding the capital cities of Vietnam, but under Tự Đức new regulations and (uniform) standards for copper cash coins were created to help promote their usage. Between 1868 and 1872 brass coins were only around 50% copper, and 50% zinc. Due to the natural scarcity of copper in Vietnam the country always lacked the resources to produce sufficient copper coinage for circulation.Art-Hanoi CURRENCY TYPES AND THEIR FACE VALUES DURING THE TỰ ĐỨC ERA.
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In computational fluid dynamics QUICK, which stands for Quadratic Upstream Interpolation for Convective Kinematics, is a higher-order differencing scheme that considers a three-point upstream weighted quadratic interpolation for the cell face values. In computational fluid dynamics there are many solution methods for solving the steady convection–diffusion equation. Some of the used methods are the central differencing scheme, upwind scheme, hybrid scheme, power law scheme and QUICK scheme. The QUICK scheme was presented by Brian P. Leonard – together with the QUICKEST (QUICK with Estimated Streaming Terms) scheme – in a 1979 paper.
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In 1915, two King George V postage and revenue stamps were overprinted to pay for additional medicine duty. This was done after duty rates had doubled, and the stamps were affixed over large-format stamps with the old face values. Large-format stamps were also issued to pay duty on cavendish tobacco and coffee mixtures from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries. Duty stamps paying the tax on spirits and wine are still in use as of 2017, and they are affixed or imprinted on the alcohol container.
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After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, the German Reichstaler survived in the form of the Prussian thaler (later Vereinsthaler) until 1871. The thaler silver coin type continued to be minted as legal tender of modern currencies, such as the US silver dollar (until 1935) and the Swiss 5 francs coin (until 1928). Copies of the (Austrian) Maria Theresia thaler were made by various government mints until the 1960s. Many government mints continue to issue thaler sized silver coins with face values in national currency, now known as bullion coins, as their silver value significantly exceeds the face value.
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Manley's Ball Bay design was used, with a different perforation of fourteen. To complete this series face values, a second of six stamps was issued on 10 June 1953 picturing human constructions of the island, from the Warder's Tower on the threepence and a half to the Blooding Bridge on the five shillings."Norfolk Island" stamps #13 to 18, Commonwealth Stamp Catalogue Australia, Stanley Gibbons, 2007, page 121. Two of these stamps, the seven pence and a half and the eight and a half,"Norfolk Island" stamps #21 and 22, Commonwealth Stamp Catalogue Australia, Stanley Gibbons, 2007, page 121.
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British Guiana's first set of Inland Revenue stamps was issued in around 1869 and it was in use until around 1878. The stamps depicted a maripa palm tree, and they were printed by Waterlow and Sons. The stamps exist in denominations ranging from $1 to $40, and they were issued in a wide variety of perforations. In 1888–1889, special printings of British Guiana postage stamps depicting the colonial badge (a sailing ship) were overprinted INLAND REVENUE and with face values ranging between 1c and $5. These stamps were printed by De La Rue, and some were later surcharged locally in 1889 and 1890.
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The RSFSR Government re-issued definitive stamps with regular frequency. By the time of the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, with its more than 200 million inhabitants, there was an urgent need for more stamps of various face values that would reflect the change of the state name. New stamps were also required due to the monetary reform in the Soviet Union and the introduction of the chervonets (equal to 10 rubles), backed by the gold standard. The first definitive series of postage stamps, which the Russians themselves name "standard series", was issued by the newly formed USSR in October 1923.
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These had the same face values as the provisional issue, and they had a design featuring a Maltese cross and were printed in different colours. This design continued to be used until after independence, and many reprints were made resulting in the stamps existing with various different paper types, perforations, watermarks and colour shades. Decimal currency postage due stamps inscribed Taxxa Postali (Maltese for "postal tax") were issued in 1973, and their design consisted of a numeral overlaid on a Maltese lace background. A final set of postage dues was issued in 1993, depicting a Neolithic spiral design from one of the megalithic temples found in the islands.
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The game was played at the Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California, kicking off at 8:30 p.m. ET. The game was hosted by the Pasadena Tournament of Roses, the organizer of the annual Tournament of Roses Parade and the Rose Bowl Game on New Year's Day. The winner of the game, Florida State, was presented with the American Football Coaches Association's "The Coaches' Trophy", valued at $30,000.BCS Bowl Championship Series 2012-2013 Media Guide, BCS Football, December 2012 Pre- game festivities began at 4:30 p.m. PT. Face values of tickets were $385 and $325 (end zone seats) with both teams receiving a total of 40,000 tickets.
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Various types of modern and pre-1964 American coinage used as silver investments, including War nickels, Mercury dimes, Franklin and Kennedy half dollars, a Morgan dollar, and two American Silver Eagle bullion coins. Silver may be used as an investment like other precious metals. It has been regarded as a form of money and store of value for more than 4,000 years, although it lost its role as legal tender in developed countries when the use of the silver standard came to a final end in 1935. Some countries mint bullion and collector coins, however, such as the American Silver Eagle with nominal face values.
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The Bull's Eye (Portuguese Olho-de-boi) postage stamps were the first stamps issued by Brazil, on 1 August 1843, having face values of 30, 60, and 90 réis. Brazil was the second country in the world, after the United Kingdom, to issue postage stamps valid within the entire country (as opposed to a local issue). Like the United Kingdoms's first stamps, the design does not include the country name. The unusual name derives from the ornamental value figures inside the oval settings, and the arrangement of the stamps in the sheet, which permitted se-tenant pairs that looked like a pair of bull's eyes.
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Iraq Currency Board (1941), Report of the Iraq Currency Board for the Period Ending 31 March 1941, London: Waterlow His political and financial experience made him a natural choice to chair the Capital Issues Committee during 1937–59. Responsible for advising the Chancellor of the Exchequer "on applications to issue capital for any purpose anywhere", this committee was particularly important during World War II when it had to approve all issues of shares and securities with face values exceeding £10,000.Burrows, G. and Syme, B. (2000), p.233. He died at the Lacket on 11 July 1960 and was succeeded to the Kennet peerage by his son Wayland.
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Miniassegno issued by Banca del Salento, 1977 The first miniassegni were issued on December 10, 1975 by Istituto Bancario San Paolo, with a face value of 100 Italian lire, (about 0.14 US dollars at 1983 exchange rates). Many banks soon followed by issuing miniassegni with face values of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 lire. Their name (mini-checks) indicated that they were cashier's checks (assegni in Italian), but smaller than normal. To overcome the prohibition to issue currency (exclusive prerogative of the Bank of Italy), banks were printing actual bank drafts, made payable to various small entities and companies with their pre-printed endorsement.
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It raised around £50,000 a year and although it was initially a temporary measure, it proved so successful that its use was continued. Successive Acts have created new duties and impressed duty stamps are still in use to collect taxes, although electronic methods are now taking over. Around 10,000 different dies of impressed duty stamps have been used since the 17th century, and these exist with face values of up to £1 million. Certificate of indenture bearing a £1 impressed duty stamp on blue paper, 1843 The tax was enforced by making the documents unenforceable in court if they had not been properly stamped.
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The traditional bullion coin issued by Britain is the gold sovereign, formerly a circulating coin representing 20 shillings (or one pound), but now with a nominal value of one pound. The Royal Mint continues to produce sovereigns, as well as quarter sovereigns (introduced in 2009), half sovereigns, double sovereigns and quintuple sovereigns. Between 1987 and 2012 a series of bullion coins, the Britannia, was issued, containing , , , and of fine gold at a millesimal fineness of 916 (22 carat) and with face values of £100, £50, £25, and £10. Since 2013 Britannia bullion contains of fine gold at a millesimal fineness of 999 (24 carat).
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One stamp in each sheet had an error such that the overprint read '. It is believed that this was produced deliberately. Postcard bearing a 1d Edward VII stamp postmarked at Notabile Between 1903 and 1904, a set of seven stamps with face values between ½d and 1/- was issued. The frame of the stamps was based on the halfpenny yellow but they included the portrait of the new monarch Edward VII with a crown added on top. The 1886 5/- and the 1899–1901 pictorials remained in use. A new watermark was introduced in October 1904 and it was used on subsequent reprints of the 1899–1901 pictorials and 1903–1904 definitives.
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The card deck consists of cards with face values ranging from 4 to 12, each with different combinations of four different suits -- balls, cubes, cones and stars. A card can have anywhere from one to three of each of the suits, the sum of all of the shapes equaling the face value of the card. For example, a card with a face value of 9 could have 1 ball, 3 cubes, 3 cones, and 2 stars, as 1+3+3+2=9. Alternatively, a card with a face value of 9 could also have 2 balls, 2 cubes, 2 cones, and 3 stars (or any other combination of suits that sums 9).
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Complexity, IV (5) They suggest instead that an illusion of free will is experienced due to the generation of infinite behaviour from the interaction of finite-deterministic set of rules and parameters. Thus the unpredictability of the emerging behaviour from deterministic processes leads to a perception of free will, even though free will as an ontological entity does not exist. In Conway's Game of Life, the interaction of just four simple rules creates patterns that seem somehow "alive". As an illustration, the strategy board-games chess and Go have rigorous rules in which no information (such as cards' face-values) is hidden from either player and no random events (such as dice-rolling) happen within the game.
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As a result, these notes both increased the rate of deflation and, since they were often given to the state as taxes, much of the nearly worthless Continental currency remained uncollected.Ferguson 1961, p. 62. Despite the fact that Congress had stopped issuing Continental bills in 1779, the use of commissary notes thwarted attempts to combat inflation through a reduction in the money supply. High levels of depreciation continued throughout the war even as Congress attempted to consolidate the money supply under a new system in which older financial instruments, including bills, certificates and even lottery tickets, were bundled together and marked with new denominations that were set at fractions of their original total face values.
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In order to be able to play this round, players have to sum up the face values of their cards, except for face cards, which all count 10. In the variant game of eight Kings, threes count as Kings and twos count as Aces, and therefore they add 10 and 1 respectively to the total hand value. For example, a hand like 'King-3-3-2' will add up to 31 points. The highest total card value for this round is 31, followed by 32, then 40, 37, 36, 35, 34 and the lowest is 33. 38 and 39 are impossible combinations, because in the Spanish deck there are no 8s and 9s.
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This fact did not escape government officials, and when, in 1863, they attempted to restore coins to circulation, the use of bronze coins, which would not contain their face values in metal, was considered. In his annual report submitted October 1, 1863, Mint Director James Pollock noted that "whilst people expect a full value in their gold and silver coins, they merely want the inferior [base metal] money for convenience in making exact payments". He observed that the private cent tokens had sometimes contained as little as a fifth of a cent in metal, yet had still circulated. He proposed that the copper-nickel cent be replaced with a bronze piece of the same size.
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Other war expedients, such as fractional currency, lessened the demand for the cent by taking the place of missing silver coinage. Small quantities of cents circulated among them, though many were still hoarded. Government officials saw that the public readily accepted the merchant tokens. Many of these tokens were made of bronze, and when, in 1863, they attempted to restore coins to circulation, the use of bronze coins, which would not contain their face values in metal, was considered. In his annual report submitted October 1, 1863, Lincoln Administration Mint Director James Pollock noted that "whilst people expect a full value in their gold and silver coins, they merely want the inferior [base metal] money for convenience in making exact payments".
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The half-dollar-sized large cent was struck from 1793 to 1857. That coin was intended to contain close to a cent's worth of copper, as people expected coins to contain close to their face values in metal. Nevertheless, because of the constitutional clause making only gold and silver legal tender, the government would not accept copper cents for taxes or other payments. By the early 1850s, fluctuations in the price of copper led the Mint of the United States to seek alternatives, including reducing the size of the cent and experimenting with compositions other than pure copper. The result was the Flying Eagle cent, the same diameter as the later Lincoln cent but somewhat thicker and heavier, composed of 88% copper and 12% nickel.
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A two cent piece was proposed for a third time during the economic turmoil of the American Civil War, due to a national coin shortage. For the most part, the lack of coins was filled by private token issues, some were struck in copper-nickel approximating the size of the cent and others were thinner pieces in bronze. This fact did not escape government officials, and in 1863, the use of bronze coins was proposed, as they did not seem to contain their face values in metal. In his annual report submitted October 1, 1863, Mint Director James Pollock noted that "whilst people expect a full value in their gold and silver coins, they merely want the inferior [base metal] money for convenience in making exact payments".
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The Cooper-Hewitt worked with the Walker Art Center, in 2012, to develop "Graphic Design – Now In Production", which showcases graphic design that has been created since 2000. An additional exhibition was held in 2012, in light of the museum's closing due to renovations, at the United Nations Headquarters called "Design With the Other 90% Cities", about design and global issues. Other exhibitions at the museum have included Puiforcat silver, wallpaper, the works of Alexander Girard, and universal design. In 2015, the museum hosted The Algorithm Auction, the world's first auction of computer algorithms. In Cooper Hewitt’s Face Values installation for the LONDON DESIGN BIENNALE 2018, a live facial data became the basis of dynamic graphic images and provocative conversations between humans and machines.
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In 1900 and 1901, a variety of existing Greek stamps (Large Hermes heads, Small Hermes heads and 1896 Olympics) were surcharged in black or red with new values and also with the letters "A M", standing for the Greek words Αξία Μεταλλική ("Axia Metalliki" or "value in (gold) metal"), meaning that the face values were based on the gold standard of the Latin Monetary Union. These stamps were sold at the post offices at a price higher than the face value, due to the depreciation of the drachma. The "A M" stamps were mainly used for international parcel post and postal money orders, although they are sometimes found on normal letter covers. In 1902 these stamps were withdrawn and replaced with the "A M" series.
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During the Qing dynasty the qiánpù would often search for older and rarer coins to sell these to coin collectors at a higher price. The number of cash coins which had to be strung together to form a string differed both from region to region as time period or by the materials used to manufacture the cash coins, for example under the reign of the Tự Đức Emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty one string of cash coins included 600 zinc coins,Art-Hanoi CURRENCY TYPES AND THEIR FACE VALUES DURING THE TỰ ĐỨC ERA. This is a translation of the article “Monnaies et circulation monetairé au Vietnam dans l’ère Tự Đức (1848-1883) by Francois Thierry Published in Revue Numismatique 1999 (volume # 154). Pgs 267-313. This translation is from pages 274-297. Translator: Craig Greenbaum.
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Prior to the arrival of the French in Indo-China in the second half of the 19th century, cash coins similar to those used in the provinces of China circulated in the area that is nowadays known as Vietnam. There was also a silver milled dragon coin and associated subsidiary coinage in circulation. The Tự Đức Thông Bảo dragon coin is believed to have been in imitation of the Spanish and Mexican silver dollars which also circulated widely in the region at that time, however the dragon dollars were worth less because the fineness of the silver was less than that in the Spanish and Mexican dollars.Art-Hanoi CURRENCY TYPES AND THEIR FACE VALUES DURING THE TỰ ĐỨC ERA. This is a translation of the article “Monnaies et circulation monetairé au Vietnam dans l’ère Tự Đức (1848-1883) by Francois Thierry Published in Revue Numismatique 1999 (volume # 154). Pgs 267-313.
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Performing during the tour Before the tour commenced, the group filmed a Disney Channel concert special on May 11, 1999 from the New Amsterdam Theatre in New York City. The first leg of the tour was a European leg, which ran from June 2–August 7, 1999 and featured more than 40 concerts in over 30 cities and 13 countries. The first leg of the North American tour initially sold 53 dates (40 announced and 13 added due to demand) in 39 cities, scheduled to run from September 14–December 2, 1999. The entire leg sold out on the August 14 onsale date. The reported 765,000 tickets grossed sales estimated at $30 million, with face values set at $28.50 and $38.50, putting the entire tour onsale on one morning was an unusual sales method which allowed the onsale to become an event and resulted in broken sales records.
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The Impact of Real Options in Agency Problems Stockholders and bondholders have different objective—for instance, stockholders have an incentive to take riskier projects than bondholders do, and to pay more out in dividends than bondholders would like. At the same time, since equity may be seen as a call option on the value of the firm, an increase in the variance in the firm value, other things remaining equal, will lead to an increase in the value of equity, and stockholders may therefore take risky projects with negative net present values, which while making them better off, may make the bondholders worse off. See Option pricing approaches under Business valuation for further discussion. Nagel and Purnanandam (2017) notice that since bank assets are risky debt claims, bank equity resembles a subordinated debt and therefore the stock's payoff is truncated by the difference between the face values of the corporation debt and of the bank deposits.[S.
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The sapèqueries of Đại Nam under Emperor Tự Đức were operated by the Hanoi Office of Current Money (河內通寶局, "Hà-Nội Thông Bảo Cục") which replaced the former Office of Currency (Bảo Tuyền Cục) and the Capital Office of Currency (Bảo Hoá Kinh Cục), and the main sapèqueries were located in Huế while mints were also in operation in Hanoi, Sơn Tây, and Bắc Ninh. The Tổng Đốc had the authority to give permits to Chinese merchants to create foundries in Sơn Tây to produce zinc cash coins that bear the inscription Tự Đức Thông Bảo, but these Chinese merchants may not produce more than a thousand strings of cash at a time.Art-Hanoi CURRENCY TYPES AND THEIR FACE VALUES DURING THE TỰ ĐỨC ERA. This is a translation of the article “Monnaies et circulation monetairé au Vietnam dans l’ère Tự Đức (1848-1883) by Francois Thierry Published in Revue Numismatique 1999 (volume # 154).
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Small investors are usually excluded from these investment opportunities, because clap notes tend to have face values in the range of hundreds of thousands of dollars. Also, they are normally only offered to insiders—persons who have invested with the particular entity in the past. The very structure of the note encourages the investor to reinvest the full face value for additional tax savings if another note is available for investment. In the U.S., this tax saving strategy is accomplished by what is known as a 1031 Exchange. The IRS allows the investor to defer payment of any taxes on the profit made on the “second hand” (in the case of the above example, that would be $10,000) indefinitely into the future if the investor “exchanges” the investment for a similar one, which, in practice, means that the investor could buy another clap note with a face value of $111,111, thus instantly saving about $3,300 in taxes and simultaneously making another $11,111 in profit on his original investment of $90,000.
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At time of first issue it was worth US$1.93. In a widely unreported parallel move, on 15 May 2008, the RBZ issued three "special agro-cheques" with face values $5 billion (at time of first issue - $19.30), $25 billion ($96.50) & $50 billion ($193). It is further reported that the new agro-cheques can be used to buy any goods and services like the bearer cheques. On 30 July 2008, the Governor of the RBZ, Gideon Gono announced that the Zimbabwe dollar would be redenominated by removing 10 zeroes, with effect from 1 August 2008. ZWD10billion became 1 dollar after the redenomination. More banknotes were issued since Gono vowed to continue printing money: $10,000 and $20,000 (29 September); $50,000 (13 October); $100,000, $500,000 and $1 million (3 November); $10 million(2 December); $50 million and $100 million (4 December); $200 million (9 December); $500 million (11 December); $10 billion (19 December); $1 trillion (17 January 2009) On February 2, 2009 a final denomination was implemented, cutting 12 zeroes, before the Zimbabwe dollar was officially abandoned on April 12, 2009.
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A payment box seized in the Bình Định Province in the year 1884 containing multiple strings of Tự Đức Bảo Sao cash coins and strings of lower denomination cash coins. The Tự Đức Bảo Sao or Đồng Sao (銅鈔, billets of copper) were introduced by the Ministry of Revenue (戸部, Hộ Bộ) in the year Tự Đức 14 (1961) for large transactions and taxes on behalf of stores of the government of Đại Nam, the introduction of the Tự Đức Bảo Sao marked the redefinition of the tiền or mạch denominations and the quàn (strings of cash coins) where the quàn was made equal to 10 mạch and the mạch was made the equivalent of 60 zinc cash coins, under these exchange rates 1 quàn was worth a string of 600 zinc cash coins.Art-Hanoi CURRENCY TYPES AND THEIR FACE VALUES DURING THE TỰ ĐỨC ERA. This is a translation of the article “Monnaies et circulation monetairé au Vietnam dans l’ère Tự Đức (1848-1883) by Francois Thierry Published in Revue Numismatique 1999 (volume # 154). Pgs 267-313. This translation is from pages 274-297.
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The copper-nickel clad Washington quarter was first issued in 1965 and as part of the switch, the Denver mintmark was added in 1968, which did not reappear on any US coin denomination until 1968. During the early 1960s, the Federal government had been flooding the market with silver to keep the price down, and therefore keep US coins' intrinsic values from exceeding their face values. This was causing the level of silver in the US Reserves to reach dangerously low levels. Silver was estimated to only last another 3–5 years at the rate the Mint was manufacturing coins, so the US Congress authorized the Mint to research alternative materials for the silver denominations (dime, quarter dollar, half dollar, and dollar). The material chosen was a 75% copper/ 25% nickel cupronickel alloy (identical to that in the five-cent coin) clad to a core of "commercially pure" (99.5%) copper. For the first three years of clad production, in lieu of proof sets, specimen sets were specially sold as "Special Mint Sets" minted at the San Francisco mint in 1965, 1966, and 1967 (Deep Cameo versions of these coins are highly valued because of their rarity).
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