The myth has sometimes been misused, leading to "chauvinism and extreme nationalism," Lee said.
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The godfather of this global brand of extreme nationalism is Russian President Vladimir Putin.
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Her government labeled his killing an act of terrorism, saying personal antagonism and "extreme nationalism" were behind the assassination.
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This film makes a strong statement about extreme nationalism, something both Europe and the United States are grappling with.
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We will not let the rampaging work of extreme nationalism shake a world full of hopes for greater prosperity.
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Before this particularly destructive brand of extreme nationalism took hold in Brazil, the country has a plan for protecting the rainforest.
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" Dima Litvinov said his great-grandfather "would be horrified by the extreme nationalism and religious intolerance that is going up in Russia.
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Extreme nationalism In 2015, there was hope that the election of Suu Kyi after decades of military rule would calm religious tensions.
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Le Pen represents a populist or far-right faction not dissimilar in its messages of extreme nationalism from those espoused by Donald Trump.
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Byongjin follows Kim's father's Songun, or "military first," policy and his grandfather's Juche, the North's homegrown founding ideology that combines Marxism and extreme nationalism.
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The election also demonstrated that extreme nationalism of the sort that has surfaced elsewhere in Europe is not yet a dominant force in Spain.
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It follows Kim's father's Songun, or "military first," policy and his grandfather's Juche, the North's home-grown founding ideology that combines Marxism and extreme nationalism.
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Byongjin follows Kim's father's Songun, or "military first", policy and his grandfather's Juche, the North's home-grown founding ideology that combines Marxism and extreme nationalism.
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Nicholov would do well to remember that under former Prime Minister Gruevski's administration, FYROM continued to pursue a policy of extreme nationalism and provocation against Greece.
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Juche is the North's home-grown state ideology that combines Marxism and extreme nationalism established by the state founder and the current leader's grandfather, Kim Il Sung.
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In his inaugural speech, Sassoli urged Europeans to counter the "virus" of extreme nationalism and called for a reform of EU rules on migration and political asylum.
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The official narrative, presented in court and to the public, portrays the three ex-officers as disaffected men swept up by extreme nationalism and acting in isolation.
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In his inaugural speech, Sassoli urged Europeans to counter the "virus" of extreme nationalism and called for a reform of EU rules on migration and political asylum.
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They started out playing bombastic industrial music, appearing on stage in old army uniforms and making heavy use of symbols and poses that suggested fascism or extreme nationalism.
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His comments drew broad criticism for their venom and because Mr. Höcke, a rising star in the AfD, has found growing success with his messages of extreme nationalism.
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Extreme nationalism within the region seems to be on the upswing once more, and with Russia in the driver's seat, conflict becomes more of a probability than a possibility.
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Juche is North Korea's homegrown ideology of self-reliance that is a mix of Marxism and extreme nationalism preached by state founder Kim Il Sung, the current leader's grandfather.
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Slobodan Milosevic, the Serbian president whose extreme nationalism instigated and enabled the bloody conflict, died in 2006 in his cell in The Hague before the end of his trial.
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Speaking to reporters in Valletta earlier on Wednesday, Louis Grech, the Maltese deputy prime minister, warned of "extreme nationalism" and "extreme xenophobia" and a surge in protectionist trade policies.
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A month after the murder, Home Affairs Minister Lieutenant General Kyaw Swe described the assassins as young men with "extreme nationalism" and "personal grudges", the Irrawaddy online news magazine reported.
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We live in a world ravaged by incessant strife and the rise of the extreme nationalism that led to the First World War that so many now swear never to repeat.
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Slobodan Milosevic, the Serbian president whose extreme nationalism instigated and enabled much of the fighting, died in his cell in The Hague in March 2006, before the end of his trial.
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One might argue that such extreme nationalism would target members of groups they don't view as part of their own -- and certainly, that has been the case on a variety of occasions.
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" Mr. Macron implicitly denounced Mr. Trump's decision to impose steep tariffs on steel and aluminum, saying that the solution to the challenges of global trade was not "massive deregulation and extreme nationalism.
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Of the other most senior leaders during the war, Slobodan Milosevic, the Serbian president who espoused an extreme nationalism that fueled the war, died in March 2006 before his war crimes trial ended.
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As I argue in my book "Illiberal Politics in Neo-liberal Times," populism—or extreme nationalism—began to gain ground in Europe during the 33s as a reaction against the accelerated process of European integration.
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Thae is the highest-ranking official to have fled North Korea for the South since the 1997 defection of Hwang Jong Yop, the brains behind North Korea's governing ideology, which combines Marxism with extreme nationalism.
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In an era when extreme nationalism often breeds intransigence, it is a welcome sight to see America and its partners join the United Kingdom in publicly stressing the consequences of flagrantly violating a nation's sovereignty.
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Slobodan Milosevic, the Serbian president whose extreme nationalism instigated and enabled much of the fighting, died in March 20083 in his cell in The Hague before the end of his trial before the United Nations tribunal.
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He is the highest-ranking official to have fled North Korea for the South since the 1997 defection of Hwang Jang Yop, the brains behind North Korea's governing ideology, "Juche", which combines Marxism with extreme nationalism.
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But the show falls short of evoking any further inquiry about the ongoing contemporary implications of 20th-century conflicts today, even as extreme nationalism, which is what led to the internment then, has suddenly become relevant again.
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Meanwhile, Moscow continued to oppose U.S. interests globally, promoted extreme nationalism and undermined democracy in Europe, expanded its influence in the Middle East, Latin America and elsewhere, and announced the development of a destabilizing new nuclear-tipped cruise missile.
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Thae is the most senior official to have fled North Korea and entered public life in the South since the 1997 defection of Hwang Jang Yop, the brains behind the North's governing ideology, "Juche", which combines Marxism and extreme nationalism.
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Related: North Korea Is Experimenting with a Different Kind of Rocket Fuel for Better Missiles Byongjin follows Kim's father's Songun, or "military first," policy and his grandfather's Juche, the North's home-grown founding ideology that combines Marxism and extreme nationalism.
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Even when peace of a sort was re-established, the fires of extreme nationalism died down but did not go away, and the language of political leaders in certain countries continued to resonate with talk of enemies and metaphors of war.
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The roots of Adolf Hitler's rise were built around his emphasis on extreme nationalism -- the idea that the only way Germany could be great again was to seize onto the superiority of the German people and drive out those across Europe who refused to acknowledge that superiority.
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Stern highlights a variety of additional characteristics that allowed Karadzic to tap into his compatriots' worst instincts: extreme nationalism, narcissism with an accompanying savior complex, personal charisma, flexible ideology, a desire for power, the ability to read a crowd and exploit its fears of change and loss of status.
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"In this year of the seventh party congress, the military and the people accomplished the great success in the first hydrogen bomb test and the launch of an earth observation satellite, Kwangmyongsong-4, to brilliantly illuminate the prowess of Juche Joson," he said, referring to the North's home-grown founding ideology combining Marxism and extreme nationalism.
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Mrs Clinton noted Mr Trump's vocal admiration for Vladimir Putin of Russia, who she called the "godfather" of a "global brand of extreme nationalism", and his praise for Alex Jones, a talk radio host who has claimed that the Sandy Hook school shooting was faked by the government, with child actors used to play what he calls the non-existent victims.
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Farage has called for a ban on the children of legal immigrants from public schools and health services, has said women are quote "worth less" than men, and supports scrapping laws that prevent employers from discriminating based on race -- that's who Trump wants by his side The godfather of this global brand of extreme nationalism is Russian President Vladimir Putin.
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Intellectuals were created several days before the beginning of the war in Kosovo. They have an extreme nationalism where they often burn flags of Serbia and Macedonia.
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Meanwhile, in Skopje are growing concerns, that the negotiations with Bulgaria over the "common history", may lead to rise of extreme nationalism, political crisis, and even internal clashes.
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Ultranationalism is "extreme nationalism that promotes the interest of one state or people above all others", or simply "extreme devotion to one's own nation".Ultranationalism. Oxford English Dictionary.
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212, 247–248 and was inclined toward making use of "extreme nationalism".Heinen, pp. 242–243 For a while in 1934, he and the king hoped to appease and coax the Guard into submission.Payne, p.
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The extreme nationalism and anti-democratic views enabled a potential linkage with Fascism. According to Sebastian Balfour, africanist practices, intertwined with ideas on the "degeneration" of the Spanish masses, would become a core tenet of the ideology of "crusade" present in the 1936 coup d'etat.
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Cornelis van Geelkerken (Van in isolation: . 19 March 1901 in Sint-Jans- Molenbeek – 29 March 1976 in Ede) was the co-founder of the Dutch National Socialist Movement. Cornelis van Geelkerken was born in Sint-Jans-Molenbeek, Belgium. In the 1920s he gravitated toward extreme nationalism.
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Albanians in Kosovo were already independent from Kosovo. Serbia didn't want to let Kosovo become independent. Muslims nationalists wanted their own territory but it would require a redrawing of the map, and would threaten neighboring territories. When communism fell in Yugoslavia, serious conflict arose, which led to the rise in extreme nationalism.
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125, 128 The Factionalists' extreme nationalism and antisemitism embarrassed most of the "Reds", who generally refrained from directly associating with the Faction outside of elections.Marton, pp. 26, 143–148 The other side of the alliance was also avoiding any direct association. Seen as a purely "egotistic" force by its allies,Gafița, p.
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There was a rise in extreme nationalism after the Revolutions of 1989 triggered the collapse of communism in the 1990s. When communism fell, it left many people with no identity. The people under communist rule had to integrate, and they found themselves free to choose. Given free choice, long dormant conflicts rose up and created sources of serious conflict.
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Ekedahl and Goodman 2001, pp. 22–23. Shevardnadze saw "extreme nationalism", coupled with corruption and inefficiencies within the system, as one of the main obstacles to economic growth. During his rule he condemned what he considered "national narrow-mindedness and isolation" and writers who published works with nationalistic overtones. The 1970s saw an increase in nationalistic tendencies in Georgian society.
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39 Popa identified Iași with extreme nationalism, and, in a 1925 article for the student review Viața Universitară, accused the far-right National-Christian Defense League of hypocrisy. As he noted, its "hatred and brutality" were not just aimed at Jews, but also at Romanians coming in from Bessarabia, since the latter were ostensibly socialists.Irina Livezeanu, Cultural Politics in Greater Romania. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 2000, , p.
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He, though, does not include the Croix de Feu in this category: "The 'centrist' right always had its own shock troops that served its own purposes, and took good care that they did not become confused with the fascists."1983/86, p.103 Sternhell, interested in the Fascism as a "anti- material revision of Marxism" or an anti-capitalist, cultish, corporatist extreme nationalism,one restatement of this comes in pp.
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The per-capita income of people in the northwest territory, encompassing Croatia and Slovenia, in contrast to the southern territory were several times higher. This combined with escalating violence from ethnic Albanians and Serbs within Kosovo intensified economic conditions. This violence greatly contributed to the rise of extreme nationalism of Serbs in Serbia and within Yugoslavia. The ongoing conflict in Kosovo was propagandized by Communist Serbian Slobodan Milosevic to further increase Serb nationalism.
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General Raoul Le Mouton de Boisdeffre, architect of the military alliance with Russia The Dreyfus Affair occurred in the context of the annexation of Alsace and Moselle by the Germans, an event that fed the most extreme nationalism. The traumatic defeat in 1870 seemed far away, but a vengeful spirit remained. Many participants in the Dreyfus Affair were Alsatian.Dreyfus was from Mulhouse, as were Sandherr and Scheurer-Kestner, Picquart was from Strasbourg, Zurlinden was from Colmar.
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The party's philosophy was based on Fabianism with elements of Marxist social analysis. There was a distinct Indonesian character to the party's brand of socialism. It stressed the need for modernization, economic development and rational planning and organization, while opposing extreme nationalism and anti-foreign sentiment. It accepted the need for foreign capital, but party leaders criticized what they saw as the Hatta cabinet's overcautious foreign policy and the strong influence of the United States over it.
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Blind nationalism is extreme nationalism such as Nazism, Fascistic, tribalistic national identity or chauvinism. It is primarily a platform for familial militarism, love of personality cults, leadership, classism and honor, pride in work ethic, seasonal harvests or festivals[relevant?], kinship bonds between religious groups or orders and patrilineal lineage, and pride for national symbolism, origin and founding myth, heroism and saints. It is similar to the disdain in expansionist nationalism towards all foreign nations and outsiders.
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The "Partisans" preached a specific veteran ethos with elements of extreme nationalism (chauvinism). This chauvinism was directed mainly against Germans, Ukrainians, then also against Jews, following the course of the "natolinians", who were attributed a decisive role in Stalinist repression in Poland. In a more secretive manner they also directed their hostility towards the Soviets, opposing the communist partisan fighters to those who came to Poland with the Soviet army (in "greatcoats"). The faction presented itself as Communist nationalists.
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An organizer of the concert, who organized also journey of Hungarian football fans in this case, did not cross borders as well. Organisation People Against Racism recorded various provocations from DAC fans supported by fans from Hungary, including raising flags with historical maps or chanting "Slovaks, you have no home". On the other hand, they recorded manifestation of extreme nationalism among Slovan fans like symbols of Hlinka Guard. Due to this reason, police arrested two fans from Bratislava.
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To avoid the reality of a British-organized countercoup, the regent entered Baghdad without a British escort. Michael Eppel, in his book "The Palestinian Conflict in Modern Iraq" blames the Farhud on the influence of German ideology on the Iraqi people, as well as extreme nationalism, both of which were heightened by the Golden Square coup. Naiem Giladi, a Jewish anti-Zionist, accused the British of "being responsible for organizing the riots, or they were indirectly behind them.".
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Herbert Feith labelled the profile of the party as 'extreme nationalism and messianic social radicalism (whose inchoateness was only mildly tempered by the Marxist and Leninist theory to which it laid claim), it was a citadel of "oppositionism", the politics of refusing to recognize the practical difficulties of governments'. The Murba Party was secular, and wary of the possibility of increased Islamic influence in government.Feith, Herbert. The Wilopo Cabinet, 1952–1953: A Turning Point in Post-Revolutionary Indonesia.
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The New Generation Party – Christian Democratic (Partidul Noua Generație - Creștin Democrat, PNGCD; formerly Partidul Noua Generație, PNG) is a nationalist political party in Romania. Created in 2000 as a centrist grouping around former Mayor of Bucharest Viorel Lis, it was taken over in January 2004 by businessman Gigi Becali (owner of FC Steaua București), who became its leader. Its ideology has since changed to extreme nationalism and Orthodox Christianity. Since then, it has pursued a radically nationalistic, xenophobic and homophobic scheme.
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Laruelle has observed that even in groups which reject extreme nationalism or are apolitical, ethnic identity is still important, and a good Rodnover is considered one who is conscious of ethnic identity, national traditions, and knows the history of the ancestors. Shnirelman similarly noted that there is a loose boundary between the explicitly politicised and less politicised wings of the Russian movement, and that ethnic nationalist and racist views were present even in those Rodnovers who did not identify with precise political ideologies.
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Chief Joseph Kosoniola Randle MVO MBE (1909 - 1956) was a Nigerian businessman and socialite from Lagos. He was Chef de Mission of the Nigerian Olympic team to Melbourne and was connected to various public activities in Lagos. Randle was a social crusader and philanthropist who started the Nigerian arm of the Anti-Tuberculosis Society, a member of the Lagos Town Council (though his politics discouraged extreme nationalism) and was a sportsman who was a trustee of a proposed National Stadium.
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The principal aims of Serbian policy were to consolidate the Russian-backed expansion of Serbia in the Balkan Wars and to achieve dreams of a Greater Serbia, which included the unification of lands with large ethnic Serb populations in Austria-Hungary, including Bosnia Clark, Christopher (2013). The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. HarperCollins. ., p.22 Underlying that was a culture of extreme nationalism and a cult of assassination, which romanticized the slaying of the Ottoman sultan as the heroic epilogue to the otherwise- disastrous Battle of Kosovo on 28 June 1389.
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A couple of years later he married again, to a young lady from Harbin with whom he had two daughters. He and the archbishop, later named Metropolitan of All Japan, worked closely as the choir developed and the Cathedral was restored, until in 1940 the militaristic government, championing extreme nationalism, forced the non-Japanese leaders in the Church of Japan to "retire." Now, Victor searched for a new position. He was invited to a position in San Francisco, but the attack on Pearl Harbor occurred before their ship could leave Japan.
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After the war he became a pacifist and criticized extreme nationalism. Within the Japanese academic community he was called "the Korean Christ" because of his defense of the Korean people; his political position led him to turn down a chair in English Literature at the University of Tokyo. At the end of the Sixties he emigrated to England, where for a brief period he was a professor at the University of Cambridge. Shortly thereafter he traveled to Spain, establishing himself for the long term in the city of Seville.
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Some of the qualities that characterize integral nationalism are anti- individualism, statism, radical extremism, and aggressive-expansionist militarism. The term Integral Nationalism often overlaps with fascism, although many natural points of disagreement exist. Integral nationalism arises in countries where a strong military ethos has become entrenched through the independence struggle, when, once independence is achieved, it is believed that a strong military is required to ensure the security and viability of the new state. Also, the success of such a liberation struggle results in feelings of national superiority that may lead to extreme nationalism.
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Aitamurto and Victor Shnirelman have also found that the lines between right-wing, left-wing and apolitical Rodnovers is blurry. The 1997 Russian Pagan Manifesto mentions, as sources of inspiration, three figures famous for their strong nationalism and conservatism: Lev Gumilyov, Igor Shafarevich, and the Iranian Ruhollah Khomeini. In 2002, the Bittsa Appeal was promulgated by Rodnovers less political in their orientation, and among other things it explicitly condemned extreme nationalism within Rodnovery. A further Rodnover political declaration, not critical towards nationalism, was the Heathen Tradition Manifest published in 2007.
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The notion of "Udbo- Mafija", a term coined by the architect Edo RavnikarEdo Ravnikar, Udbomafija: priročnik za razumevanje tranzicije (Ljubljana: Slon – Embea, 1995) to denote the illegitimate structural connections between the Post-Communist elites, is particularly prevalent in Janša's thought. Most critics agree that Janša is similar to other European radical right-wing populist leaders. Janša's rhetoric is nationalist and xenophobic, including verbal attacks against foreigners, especially from the other former-Yugoslav states, and "communists". Hribar considers these elements a form of extreme nationalism and chauvinism; to her, his irredentist claims towards Croatia seem obvious neo-fascism.
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While working at the University of Zagreb, Novak, an ethnic Croat, was frequently attacked by Croatian nationalists for his balanced approach to the history of South Slavs and for his pan-Slavic Yugoslavist persuasion.Коначно: У припреми нецензурисан Magnum crimen From 1920 to 1924 he held the chair of Auxiliary Sciences of History at the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb. Novak left his position there in 1924 to go to the University of Belgrade. Viktor Novak dedicated many years to the extensive research of clericalism and extreme nationalism among Roman Catholic Croats in Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia.
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Jihad vs. McWorld: How Globalism and Tribalism Are Reshaping the World is a 1995 book by American political scientist Benjamin Barber, in which he puts forth a theory that describes the struggle between "McWorld" (globalization and the corporate control of the political process) and "Jihad" (Arabic term for "struggle", here modified to mean tradition and traditional values, in the form of extreme nationalism or religious orthodoxy and theocracy). Benjamin Barber similarly questions the impact of economic globalization as well as its problems for democracy. The book was based on a March 1992 article by Barber first published in The Atlantic Monthly.
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By January 1990, Yunus together with Zardusht Alizadeh formed the Social Democratic Party, with the aim of establishing a moderate political voice. In April 1990, Yunus published an essay "The Responsibilities of a Politician", arguing for a democratic middle course and rejecting both extreme nationalism and the violent repressions of the Soviet regime. During the hostilities in the Nagorno- Karabakh conflict in 1992-1993, Yunus served as the Vice-Minister of Defence and Chief of the Information Analytical Centre of Ministry of Defence. Subsequently, Yunus has worked with civil society activists in both Azerbaijan and Armenia to call for peace.
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Soon, he was joined by House of Representatives speaker Stjepan Mesić and two of them announced split from HDZ and formation of new party. They accused Tuđman of embracing authoritarianism, extreme nationalism and irredentist policies towards Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was, in their mind, betrayal of founding principles of HDZ. From that point onward, HND tried to describe itself as a "genuine" HDZ. For a while, it looked that HDZ would ultimately lose parliamentary majority, but Tuđman in the end managed to keep number of its moderates in line, thus maintaining and later solidifying his grip on power.
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He concluded that a serious crisis occurred in European civilization in 1900 because of the rise of anti-Semitism, extreme nationalism, discontent with the parliamentary system, depersonalization of the state, and the rejection of positivism. European civilization waned as the result of this crisis which was accompanied by the rise of the United States, the Americanization of the world, and the emergence of Asia. His interpretation is reminiscent of that of his mentor Johan Huizinga and was criticized by his colleague Pieter Geyl.A. C. Otto, "Theorie En Praktijk in De Theoretische Geschiedenis Van Jan Romein" [Theory and Practice in the "Theoretical History" of Jan Romein].
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The war suffering in Dalmatia was among the highest compared to the other Croatian regions, particularly in the Dalmatian hinterland, where much of the infrastructure was ruined. The tourism industry - previously the most important source of income - was deeply affected by negative publicity and did not properly recover until the late 1990s. The Dalmatian population in general suffered a dramatic drop in living standard which created a chasm between Dalmatia and relatively more prosperous northern sections of Croatia. This chasm reflected in extreme nationalism enjoying visibly higher levels of support in Dalmatia than in the rest of Croatia, which embraced a more moderate course.
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The OUN was formed from a number of radical nationalist and extreme right-wing organizations including the Union of Ukrainian Fascists. Initially, it was led by war veterans who failed to establish a Ukrainian state in 1917–1920. The ideology of the organization was heavily influenced by the philosophy of Nietzsche, German National Socialism and Italian Fascism; combining extreme nationalism with terrorism, corporatism, and anti-Semitism, as well as totalitarianism and anti-democracy. In order to create an illusion that the Ukrainian brand of nationalism was a product of domestic development, most early OUN writers denied their ideological connection to fascism in a self-deceptive manner, contradicting generally known facts.
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Stone has stated that the importance of the English Mistery lay “in the fact that it had links, both personal and ideological, with much wider strands of thought in interwar Britain.” As with the British Union of Fascists, many of its members were “aristocratic revivalists and Diehard peers of the Edwardian period”. Their ideas, now regarded as extreme, spoke to acute and home-grown issues: Britain, one of the biggest imperial powers, was seeing rapid social and constitutional changes. English fascism had its roots in "diehards", who “made of illiberalism, extreme nationalism, militarism, and racism a base from which home-grown fascist ideas could develop in Britain”.
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Hitler in conversation with Ernst Hanfstaengl and Hermann Göring, 21 June 1932 Adolf Hitler's rise to power began in Germany in September 1919 when Hitler joined the political party then known as the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei – DAP (German Workers' Party). The name was changed in 1920 to the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei – NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party, commonly known as the Nazi Party). It was anti-Marxist and opposed to the democratic post-war government of the Weimar Republic and the Treaty of Versailles, advocating extreme nationalism and Pan-Germanism as well as virulent anti-Semitism. Hitler attained power in March 1933, after the Reichstag adopted the Enabling Act of 1933 in that month, giving expanded authority.
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Like many of his generation, Gerstein and his family were deeply affected by what they saw as the humiliation of Germany by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, and they were thus attracted by the extreme nationalism of the Nazi Party. In July 1933, he enrolled in the SA, the original stormtroopers of the Nazi Party. Friedlander describes the contradictions in Gerstein's mind at the time: "Firm defense of religious concepts and of the honour of the Confessional youth movements, but weakness in the face of National Socialism, with acceptance of its terminology and shoddy rhetoric; acceptance, above all, of the existing political order, of its authoritarianism and its hysterical nationalism".Friedländer 1969, p.
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Zlatko Gall is known as an advocate for rock music as an expression of urban culture and liberal values. He sees rock music as the antithesis of turbo folk which was associated with rural culture, conservative values, extreme nationalism and right-wing politics in former Yugoslavia. He often criticises pop and rock musicians who add elements of folk and turbo folk to their repertoire in order to make their music more accessible to the public. For example, in Slobodna Dalmacija he famously wrote an article lambasting the Ivan Zajc theatre in Rijeka for the decision to hire popular musician and advocate of turbo folk Severina Vučković for a production of the popular musical Karolina Riječka in 2003.
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While its first issue was very critical of Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) and Croatian nationalism, in a matter of few weeks, Slobodni tjednik suddenly shifted towards the right, embracing Franjo Tuđman and his policies. In 1992, with Croatia being internationally recognized and Sarajevo armistice bringing hostilities to temporary end, Croatian public gradually began to lose taste for extreme nationalism promoted by Slobodni tjednik. New media outlets, like Globus magazine, proved to be better adapted for new circumstances, while economic woes of its readership also affected circulation of Slobodni tjednik. That, financial mishandling, deteriorating health and death of its founder Marinko Božić on 16 December 1993 led to Slobodni tjednik being extinguished in 1993.
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After World War II, European integration was seen as an antidote to the extreme nationalism which had devastated parts of the continent. In a speech delivered on 19 September 1946 at the University of Zürich, Switzerland, Winston Churchill went further and advocated the emergence of a United States of Europe. The 1948 Hague Congress was a pivotal moment in European federal history, as it led to the creation of the European Movement International and of the College of Europe, where Europe's future leaders would live and study together. It also led directly to the founding of the Council of Europe in 1949, the first great effort to bring the nations of Europe together, initially ten of them.
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In Russia too, Aitamurto and Shizhenskii have found that expressions of extreme nationalism were considered socially unacceptable at one of the largest Rodnover events, the Kupala festival outside Maloyaroslavets. Rodnover themes and symbols have also been adopted by many Russian nationalists—including in the Russian skinhead movement—who do not necessarily embrace Rodnovery as a religion. Some of them merge Rodnover themes with others adopted from Germanic Heathenry and from Russian Orthodox Christianity. A number of young practitioners of Slavic Native Faith have been detained on terrorism charges in Russia; between 2008 and 2009, teenaged Rodnovers forming a group called the Slavic Separatists conducted at least ten murders and planted bombs across Moscow targeting Muslims and non-ethnic Russians.
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Simone Samples Verlag, Grafenau, 2015, On 15 May 1921 he was made editor-in-chief of Völkischer Beobachter, the Party newspaper, turning out a series of posters and a book attacking the Jews. Esser was able to use his abilities as a public speaker to rouse his audience, encouraging them to attack the political meetings of groups and parties that the NSDAP frowned upon. Esser's speeches were described by Louis Snyder as "crude, uncultured, of low moral character", featuring the kernel of future Nazi policies: extreme nationalism and anti-Semitism. On 12 August 1921 he left as editor of the Party newspaper and became the first head of propaganda (Propagandaleiter, NSDAP), serving until the party was outlawed in November 1923.
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In opposition to the religious movements, a non- religious cultural current had gained some impetus: the so-called Völkische Bewegung (Völkish movement), which dated back to the Romanticist movement of the 1850s, when the German revolutionary drives had been crushed by the arrival of Bismarck. Uwe Puschner is a well-known historian of this movement. This movement had a popular base and combined various elements: extreme nationalism, anti-Christianity, a reverence for the mythical Teutonic past, racism, anti-semitism, and a revival of Germanic paganism. This trend is described in the books by Hubert Cancik & Uwe Puschner, Antisemitismus, Paganismus, Völkische Religion (Anti-semitism, Paganism, and Völkish Religion, 2004), and by Stefan Breuer, Die Völkischen in Deutschland (The Popular Societies in Germany, 2008).
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The Reich Chamber of Culture established a separate unit within the chamber, specially composed of senior members assigned the responsibility of supervising and censoring social performances, such as opera or church music. In the Czech Republic, music broadcast on radio programmes consisted mainly of opera, as Nazi officials promoted a return to conservatism. Censorship of theatre performances also existed in the Czech Republic, with the passing of the Reich’s theatre Act in 1934 which facilitated this. Theatre drama reflected and reinforced Nazi doctrines, the idea of individual sacrifice for the betterment of society and obedience to the Fuhrer were common themes embedded in plays. ‘Pillars of Society’ by Ibsen is an example of this, composed for propaganda purposes, exploring ideas of extreme nationalism and the glorification of war.
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Adolf Hitler dictated his autobiographical political manifesto in Mein Kampf, published in 1925 The political views of Adolf Hitler have presented historians and biographers with some difficulty. His writings and methods were often adapted to need and circumstance, although there were some steady themes, including antisemitism, anti-communism, anti-parliamentarianism, German Lebensraum ("living space"), belief in the superiority of an "Aryan race" and an extreme form of German nationalism. Hitler personally claimed he was fighting against "Jewish Marxism". Adolf Hitler's political views were formed during three periods, namely (1) his years as a poverty-stricken young man in Vienna and Munich prior to World War I, during which he turned to nationalist-oriented political pamphlets and antisemitic newspapers out of distrust for mainstream newspapers and political parties; (2) the closing months of World War I when Germany lost the war, as Hitler is said to have developed his extreme nationalism during this time, desiring to "save" Germany from both external and internal "enemies" who in his view betrayed it; (3) and the 1920s, during which his early political career began and he wrote Mein Kampf.
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