It's Eliasson's smallest piece, but perhaps the most experientially unique.
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Depression, while a medically diagnosable illness, is experientially a murky thing.
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We don't notice the switching, because it would be too jarring experientially.
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It's similar experientially, but this is faith in the yawning void of potentiality.
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"It's a remarkable change in what a game can be experientially," Stein told CNBC.
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In the book's afterward, writer Alexandra Kleeman experientially fleshes out Aira's somewhat abstract discussion.
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Experientially, I feel Under Armour made the right choice to work within Bluetooth's limitations.
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Because, in some important ways (including experientially), television is closer kin to radio than to cinema.
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Engelbrecht sees interactivity as a versatile framework, like the development of seemingly subtle, yet aesthetically and experientially crucial, cinematic techniques.
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"The filmmakers delivered experientially on something that can best be seen in movie theaters," said Greg Foster, CEO of Imax Entertainment.
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But neuroscience is also revealing the ways in which the brain's neural networks can be both experientially marred and therapeutically mended.
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At the other extreme, stores that present a brand immersively, experientially, and interactively will still be able to battle for consumers' attention.
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But, it also uses the complicated plot line as framework for one of the most experientially compelling games I have played all year.
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On similar grounds, the strategic counsel provided by even the most senior U.S. flag officers would carry absolutely no experientially-based decisional expertise.
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Leigh, shocked by the overwhelming response by over 150 multidisciplinary and experientially diverse artists, now co-curates the exhibition at Project Row Houses.
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I've found that investing your free time in pursuits definitively removed and experientially distinct from your work or your business bears immense personal and professional benefits.
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While women in their 20s might have less chance of medical ailments, women in their 30s might be better off financially and experientially, Dr. Dweck said.
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These elements' framing within the intensely personal narratives makes a statement about our own involvement in stories that can feel historically or experientially remote from our own.
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"I think we need to learn what full employment in the United States is experientially as opposed to guessing and then stopping short of fully realizing it," Daly said.
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Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads MIAMI BEACH — This year at Miami Beach's Satellite art fair, I viewed art the way I might've as a child: excitedly and experientially.
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Srini Rao, the Chief Scientific Officer of ATAI and the CEO of Entheogenix, agreed that there are intersecting, and sometimes competing, theories of how psychedelics help people—experientially or biologically.
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Let's build a world where every child's dream can be a reality, and where more economically, racially, and experientially diverse institutions of higher education shape our democracy and our future.
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Experientially, there is some disconnect between Marcillini's forensic-clinical approach to history and the spirit of Detroit, which, in the absence of other resources, has compensated with an abundance of heart.
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The project, a crystal-shaped, quasi-rigid object that physically and experientially blurs the threshold between hard and soft, textile and tectonic, intimate and public, illuminates the possibilities of extreme lightweight materials in architecture.
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Because festivals create this temporary community that is physically, socially, and experientially separate from our daily lives, when we enter them they allow us to do things and meet people we wouldn't otherwise encounter.
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"Despite the high-income nature of the setting, despite excellent medical care, there are some lessons that societies generally need to learn experientially rather than just from a theoretical perspective," he says of the MERS crisis.
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The show's two monologues, experientially enriched by video, are performed with flair and feeling by Jim Findlay (as a passenger on a night bus) and Frank Hart (as a loner who spies on lovers) (1:45).
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One of the most experientially abstract of the bunch, To Notice and Remember by Christopher Manzione, Seth Cluett, and Ricky Graham is a VR project that brings a viewer into the middle of a forest made of conjoined points of light.
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Suspended from the ceiling, the 27-foot long sculpture is open and hollow; a representation of only a section of the traced rock, but its exposed nature allows the viewer to literally be one with the piece, both experientially and spatially.
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On a more emotional level, the vibes from Venus in scorpio and the new moon in Virgo will find you reflecting on how important it is to be with someone you can grow with—not just emotionally, but intellectually and experientially.
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Yet while we tend, experientially, to separate sexuality from other forms of touching—or at least men do, seeing sex not as a blossom from the world of the tactile but as a thing unto itself—sexual touch seems, in the realm of neurophysiology, curiously unspecified.
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I have memories of shared experiences in VR. I could tell you where in real life I was when I put on the headset, but my true memory when I think back to it is of where I was in VR, who I was with as they were in VR. It's just entirely different experientially.
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As I've grown up, there's aspects of it that leave me feeling a little flat, but also, the reason why it's in the running still all the time is because when we revisited that stuff in 2012 on my solo tour, I realized I was writing this dark adult shit that was way over my head, experientially.
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Black Deutschland, set in the late '80s in what was then West Berlin and culminating in the fall of the Wall (though the narrator's chronologically hazy yet experientially vivid ruminations deftly interweave misadventures in the German city with reminiscences of his hometown of Chicago), probably gives some clues as to where the author might have been turned up back in the day.
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He is unable to escape, to articulate, or to textualize his experientially learned nascent existentialism.
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We assume that actions provide the particular moments for apprehending and hence for experientially cognizing the person.
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If any content that can be entertained experientially can also be entertained unconsciously, then it will not be contents alone that give an experience its phenomenality.
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Borderline attributions. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 61, 131-147. With Alterity techniques, the therapist provides deconstructive experiences within the therapist-client relationship that support individuation and help to experientially deconstruct rigid, polarized attributions. Gregory, R. J. (2005).
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By exploring its structure, both cognitively and experientially, one eventually confronts the Hole and by going through it the lost aspect is retrieved.Ch. 2 – "The Theory of Holes." Almaas, A. H. Diamond Heart Book 1, Shambhala, 2000.
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The researchers noted that all other meditation studies that have observed skin temperature have recorded increases and none have recorded a decrease in skin temperature. This suggests that Sahaja Yoga meditation, being a mental silence approach, may differ both experientially and physiologically from simple relaxation.
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Brody Condon (born 1974 Mexico) is an American artist based in Berlin. He facilitates and documents game-like group encounters that experientially probe dissociative phenomena, critical psychology, and performance art history. The resulting immersive situations, video and objects are often made in collaboration with researchers, craftspeople, and public participants.
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The problem of evil refers to the challenge of reconciling belief in an omnipotent, omnibenevolent, and omniscient God, with the existence of evil and suffering in the world.Gregory A. Boyd (2003), Is God to Blame? (InterVarsity Press), , pp. 55–58 The problem may be described either experientially or theoretically.
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It refers, principally, to the Gnosis of God which is achieved experientially, as a result of rigorous empiric spiritual wayfaring.Ovidio Salazar, "Al-Ghazali: Alchemist of Happiness", Video Documentary. It plays an important role in the epistemology of Al-Ghazzali, and is often expressed, to some extent, in teleological statements scattered throughout his works.
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Experientially, the observational self is the part of consciousness that hears one's inner voice, and sees images in the mind's eye. ACT presents the idea that the more practiced a person is at accessing their observational self, the easier it is to perceive emotions within their situational context, remain mentally flexible, and commit to value congruent action.
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Stoddard believed that everyone should experience God's glory for himself, whether through Nature or Scripture. When one sees this glory for himself, Stoddard preached that one's will is automatically affected. He explained that "the gloriousness of God has a commanding power on the heart". Membership without conversion should come experientially rather than through any set process or education.
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The word “Islam” is derived from the Arabic word aslama, which denotes the peace that comes from total surrender and acceptance. A Muslim may experientially behold that everything happening is meant to be, and stems from the ultimate wisdom of God; hence, being a Muslim can therefore be understood to mean that one is in a state of equanimity.
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Freud viewed all five categories of resistance as requiring more than just intellectual insight or understanding to overcome. Instead he favored a slow process of working through. Working through allows patients "... to get to know this resistance" and "... discover the repressed instinctual trends which are feeding the resistance" and it is this experientially convincing process that "distinguishes analytic treatment from every kind of suggestive treatment".Freud, S. (1959).
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Furthermore, pseudoscientific explanations are generally not analyzed rationally, but instead experientially. Operating within a different set of rules compared to rational thinking, experiential thinking regards an explanation as valid if the explanation is "personally functional, satisfying and sufficient", offering a description of the world that may be more personal than can be provided by science and reducing the amount of potential work involved in understanding complex events and outcomes.
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Studies have looked at how the affect influences smoking behavior. Smokers tend to act experientially in the sense that they give little conscious thought to the risks before they start. It is usually as a result of affective responses in the moment that occur when seeing others partake in the behavior. Epstein (1995) found that there has been quite a bit of manipulation of consumers when it comes to packaging and marketing products.
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Dewey's basic thought, in accordance with empiricism was that reality is determined by past experience. Therefore, humans adapt their past experiences of things to perform experiments upon and test the pragmatic values of such experience. The value of such experience is measured experientially and scientifically, and the results of such tests generate ideas that serve as instruments for future experimentation,Dewey, John (1906), Studies in Logical Theory. in physical sciences as in ethics.
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With East of Eden ... it's really the story of my father and me, and I didn't realize it for a long time ... In some subtle or not-so-subtle way, every film is autobiographical. A thing in my life is expressed by the essence of the film. Then I know it experientially, not just mentally. I've got to feel that it's in some way about me, some way about my struggles, some way about my pain, my hopes.
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For this purpose he has created simple and generally applicable teaching tools that teachers can use with school children.Described in article from 2009, cf. bibliography In several of his books, Jes Bertelsen describes the unique possibilities and challenges inherent in the secularized Scandinavian societies for developing an experientially based spirituality. He emphasizes a distinction between an inherent spirituality shared by everyone, and the individual option of actively training and developing what he refers to as spiritual intelligence.
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ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2305-2314. The researchers conducted a qualitative study with 39 participants to show how persuasive media have the potential to promote long-term psychological health by experientially introducing a stress-relieving, contemplative practice to non-practitioners. Because the nature of chronic pain is complex, pharmacological analgesics are often not enough to achieve an ideal treatment plan. The system incorporates biofeedback sensors, an immersive virtual environment, and stereoscopic sound titled the "Virtual Meditative Walk" (VMW).
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Then the guru explains the teaching further, which has to be realized experientially by the student. The student has to turn away his mind from external objects and the gross body, and "turn within". By realizing that objects have only a temporary appearance, it becomes possible to develop detachment and to clear one's mental attitude from pride. This is a necessary step to develop Self- Knowledge, and the renunciation of the impermanent, and the acceptance of the permanent.
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Louis Sass warned that the practice of meta-processing, or deepening the patient's awareness of their experience of the therapeutic interaction as it is happening, could escalate anxiety for clients who have "schizoid" defenses. Sass further referenced William James to support his critique that too much introspection "could be counter-productive, serving less to illuminate something than to rob it of its essence." Bliming argued metatherapeutic processing could be too "emotionally and experientially direct" for a hostile and defended patient.Blimling, G. Paul (2019).
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That is not to say that we are unaware of the emotional response. Indeed, we do experience the “vibe” resulting from this process, and the rational system often tries to understand, or rationalize behavior. Rationalization, or the process of finding a rational explanation for experientially driven behavior, occurs more often than is generally recognized. Through the process of rationalization we naturally select the most emotionally satisfying explanation for our behavior, so long as it does not too seriously violate our understanding of reality.
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HSF training is largely experientially-based with participants using their own life material when learning the interviewing techniques. Further training in therapeutic applications follows a similar pattern and incorporates imaginative techniques. Traditionally those wishing to use the HSSF have had to complete the full Human Social Functioning methodology with its disciplined structured mirroring approach as well as the administration of the HSSF. However most practitioners have a prior training in a form of counselling and find it irksome to learn another approach.
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Quakers, also called Friends, belong to a historically Christian denomination known formally as the Religious Society of Friends or Friends Church. Members of the various Quaker movements are all generally united by their belief in the ability of each human being to experientially access the light within, or "that of God in every one". Some profess the priesthood of all believers, a doctrine derived from the First Epistle of Peter. They include those with evangelical, holiness, liberal, and traditional Quaker understandings of Christianity.
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These self-conceptualizations are mental or egoic representations of who the person thinks he is, instead of experientially knowing one's essential nature. Self-identifying in this way is considered to limit holistic self-understanding as self-conceptualizations naturally fluctuate. Contemporary Sufi Master Seyyed Dr. Ali Kianfar describes the limitation of such self-conceptualizations when most people introduce themselves. After sharing various details about their interests or accomplishments, one cannot further express who they are: > But there arrives a point where there is less and less to say.
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Conceptually, the album is about the interactivity of three types of relationships - between oneself and another person, between oneself and society, and between oneself and their own self-understanding and self- awareness. The lyrics were influenced by a wide variety of sources. Hawkins, the band's primary lyricist, stated that much of the album's lyrics were inspired by what the band had been through in the years since their prior album, with him describing it as "not a hypothetical record. It’s a very real, experientially-influenced record".
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William G. Harless (November 20, 1933 – May 7, 2014) was an educational theorist. He held a Ph.D. degree in psychology and learning theory and was co- founder, President and CEO of Interactive Drama Inc. (IDI). He held a faculty position at the Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities, where accredited doctorate degrees are awarded from a multidisciplinary, experientially based curriculum. In the early 1960s, while a professor at the University of Illinois School of Medicine in Chicago, he developed the first natural language computer patient simulation model.
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Much of Smith's focus developed into the role of the sacred, and particularly the sacred center, or axis mundi (Mircea Eliade). He claims it is found, phenomenologically and experientially, within the psyche, and within the cultural, mythic, and religious institutions. Smith contends that we need a psychological model that has included within it the spiritual center of the client, an interior axis mundi. If the sacred is built solidly into our psychological theories, it may then enter legitimately into our therapeutic and clinical practices.
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The first, "The Burial of the Dead," introduces the diverse themes of disillusionment and despair. The second, "A Game of Chess," employs alternating narrations, in which vignettes of several characters address those themes experientially. "The Fire Sermon," the third section, offers a philosophical meditation in relation to the imagery of death and views of self-denial in juxtaposition influenced by Augustine of Hippo and eastern religions. After a fourth section, "Death by Water," which includes a brief lyrical petition, the culminating fifth section, "What the Thunder Said," concludes with an image of judgment.
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The first has to do with the meeting of previously divergent information whose conflux results in a new awareness of solutions or the coming together of "practice" and "principle." The second way in which things develop is more resonant of pure invention, in that the inventor creates solely by means of his own engagement with his milieu: the invention. In this case, the invention is experientially and theoretically untied to earlier thinking. Kubler states that an artistic invention does not relate to previous solutions in a formal sequence as readily as a useful invention will.
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The Kodai School staff were divided into two groups: one supporting a mandatory Christian curriculum, with the other supporting religious freedom. When the new chaplain, Robert Dewey, arrived in 1965, the issue came to a head. Dewey merged the ideals of a Christian school and religious freedom: he once said "creative dialogue is absolutely essential if the school is going to be what it wants to be. It is the only word that I know that suggests educationally and experientially what the school can be and is at its best".
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Dr. Scurfield has a distinguished reputation in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a clinician, innovative therapy and program developer, educator, and researcher publishing on topics such as Vietnam War and other war-related trauma, post-disaster interventions, race- related trauma, and exposure and experientially-based therapy. [see video at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=R41_MFijjl] Scurfield holds a bachelor's degree in Sociology/Anthropology in 1965 Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA), and both a master's degree in social work (1967) and doctorate in psychiatric clinical social work (1979) from the University of Southern California.
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The "rugaru" is mentioned as having come to Dakota consciousness from Ojibwa folktales, and figures both thematically and experientially in the narrative of Peter Mathiessen's In The Spirit of Crazy Horse (Viking, 1983). The NBA team formerly known as the New Orleans Hornets filed for several new name trademarks among which was the Rougarous. The creature is featured in an episode of Cajun Justice, an AE Television show. A camp owner alerted authorities and video taped what he suspected to be a Rougarou in the weeds behind his camp.
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Pushing hands is said to be the gateway for students to experientially understand the martial aspects of the internal martial arts (內家 nèijiā): leverage, reflex, sensitivity, timing, coordination and positioning. Pushing hands works to undo a person's natural instinct to resist force with force, teaching the body to yield to force and redirect it. Health oriented t'ai chi schools may teach push hands to complement the physical conditioning available from performing solo form routines. Push hands allows students to learn how to respond to external stimuli using techniques from their forms practice.
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The mission of "The Gateway Lifelong Learning Program" is to offer non-traditional, continuing and alternative academic educational opportunities for adult learners. The Gateway Program is designed to give working, non-traditional and community college transfer students an option to pursue a degree and/or personal/professional development. These academic programs address the learning needs of employed adults who prefer an educational delivery system that is participatory and experientially related to the workplace. An example of an educational program consistent with the lifelong learning philosophy is the Organizational Management (OM) major, which is offered through the university's Gateway Program.
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Unterricht Active learning is "a method of learning in which students are actively or experientially involved in the learning process and where there are different levels of active learning, depending on student involvement." states that "students participate [in active learning] when they are doing something besides passively listening." In a report from the Association for the Study of Higher Education (ASHE), authors discuss a variety of methodologies for promoting active learning. They cite literature that indicates students must do more than just listen in order to learn. They must read, write, discuss, and be engaged in solving problems.
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Mahfouz was born in a lower middle-class Muslim Egyptian family in Old Cairo in 1911. He was the seventh and the youngest child, with four brothers and two sisters, all of them much older than him. (Experientially, he grew up an "only child.") The family lived in two popular districts of Cairo: first, in the Bayt al-Qadi neighborhood in the Gamaleya quarter in the old city, from where they moved in 1924 to Abbaseya, then a new Cairo suburb north of the old city, locations that would provide the backdrop for many of Mahfouz's later writings.
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Children's geographies is the branch of human geography which deals with the study of places and spaces of children's lives, characterised experientially, politically and ethically. Ever since the cultural turn in geography, there has been recognition that society is not homogenous but heterogeneous. It is characterized by diversity, differences and subjectivities. While feminist geographers had been able to strengthen the need for examination of gender, class and race as issues affecting women, 'children' as an umbrella term encompassing children, teenagers, youths and young people, which are still relatively missing a 'frame of reference' in the complexities of 'geographies'.
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The knowledge must be present, Socrates concludes, in an eternal, non-experiential form. In other dialogues, the Sophist, Statesman, Republic, and the Parmenides, Plato himself associates knowledge with the apprehension of unchanging Forms and their relationships to one another (which he calls "expertise" in Dialectic), including through the processes of collection and division. More explicitly, Plato himself argues in the Timaeus that knowledge is always proportionate to the realm from which it is gained. In other words, if one derives one's account of something experientially, because the world of sense is in flux, the views therein attained will be mere opinions.
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In particular, in the Pali Canon's "Discourse Basket" (Suttapitaka), viññāa (generally translated as "consciousness") is discussed in at least three related but different contexts: :(1) as a derivative of the sense bases (āyatana), part of the experientially exhaustive "All" (sabba); :(2) as one of the five aggregates (khandha) of clinging (upadana) at the root of suffering (dukkha); and, :(3) as one of the twelve causes (nidana) of "Dependent Origination" (paticcasamuppāda) which provides a template for Buddhist notions of kamma, rebirth and release. In the Pali Canon's Abhidhamma and in post-canonical Pali commentaries, consciousness (viññāa) is further analyzed into 89 different states which are categorized in accordance with their kammic results.
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Presented alongside each of the Bauhaus selections are comparative projects by renowned contemporary architects, which make clear the ongoing legacy of Bauhaus principles in 21st-century international practice. Honoring the fact that architectural design is best understood experientially, and not simply through the eyes, the exhibition, Bauhaus twenty-21 also includes room-like settings of Bauhaus-design furniture and objects, inviting visitors to interact physically with distinctive environments expressed by these seminal early 20th-century designs.Auburn University Website Retrieved July 11, 2018 Watkinson is also known for commercial photography in the fields of advertising, architecture, design and fashion for clients such as the Spiegel catalog and Texas Instruments.
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In 1976, sociologist Diane Vaughan proposed an "uncoupling theory," where there exists a "turning point" in the dynamics of relationship breakup – 'a precise moment when they "knew the relationship was over," when "everything went dead inside"' – followed by a transition period in which one partner unconsciously knows the relationship is going to end, but holds on to it for an extended period, even for years. p. 81 and p. 218n Vaughan considered that the process of breakup was asymmetrical for initiator and respondent: the former 'has begun mourning the loss of the relationship and has undertaken something tantamount to a rehearsal, mentally and, to varying degrees, experientially, of a life apart from the partner'.Vaughan, p.
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The perfect tense (Greek () "lying nearby"), much as the English perfect tense, often describes a recent event of which the present result is important: : Lysias, 12.100 : : You have heard and you have seen (the evidence); now make your decision. It can also, like the English perfect, be used experientially, of something that has often or always happened in the past: : Plato, Apology 31c : : You have often heard me speaking. In some verbs the perfect tense can be translated by a present tense in English, e.g. () "I remember", () "I am standing"/"I stand", () "I possess", () "I know": : Andocides, 1.116 : : The inscribed stone beside which you are standing orders that you owe 1000 drachmas.
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Rigpa Shedra (August 2009)Rigpa Shedra (August 2009). 'Treasury of Word and Meaning'. Source: (accessed: Friday December 18, 2009) provide a useful outline of the text which in its original composition consists of eleven chapters from which the following summary is founded: # the 'ground and basis of reality' (Wylie: gzhi) and how that 'ground' dynamically manifests itself (Wylie: gzhir snang); # how sentient beings stray from the 'ground'; # how all sentient beings have the essence of enlightened energy; # how 'primordial wisdom' (Wylie: ye shes) abides within us; # the pathways; # the gateways; # domain for 'primordial wisdom'; # how primordial wisdom is experientially accessed; # signs of realization; # signs in the dying and bardo transition; and # ultimate fruition as the manifest realization of the kayas.
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Morse credits Leon Daniel as being the person who definitively encouraged him to become a professional photographer, as it was Daniel who urged Morse to just take pictures and let Pix sell them, noting that such an arrangement would be more lucrative both experientially and financially. Morse bought himself his first camera equipment and began buying The New York Times every day in order to select events to photograph, creating pictures which Daniel then sold instantly. Of the three owners of Pix, one was a silent partner, Alfred Eisenstaedt, a photographer who had left the Associated Press in Germany to join the new Life magazine staff in New York City. Eisenstaedt closely observed Morse's photographing while encouraging Wilson Hicks, the picture editor of Life, to meet the young upstart at Pix.
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In 2009, CTS became the first free-standing Protestant seminary to endow a faculty chair in Jewish studies, with the hope of advancing interfaith engagement and multi-faith education. The next year, CTS founded the Center for Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Studies (JCIS), the first American program of its kind based in a free- standing theological seminary. This center offers resources to students who concentrate in theology, ethics, and human sciences that enable scholars to experientially and theoretically integrate Jewish, Christian, and Muslim theology with these topics. In 2017, CTS established the InterReligious Institute (IRI), which stands counter to the idea that Christianity is the “normal” religious position for Americans and seeks to create space in the public square for people of other religions and for people with no religion at all.
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Sufi psychology, similar to humanistic and transpersonal psychology (two schools also interested in the spiritual dimension of the human being), suggests there is something very important missing in western psychology regarding human potential. For instance, thinkers within Sufi psychology, influenced by many centuries of Sufi philosophy and spiritual practice, are confident that the question "who am I" can be answered versus guessed. They see the purpose and identity of the human being as not the accumulation of what one does, feels or thinks but as a very specific holder of a potential, capable to understand all facets of one's existence, or one's essence and answer one's previous existential questions. It is understood in the tradition of Sufism that before a practitioner has experientially recognized his essential nature through contemplation and psychological purification, he is merely identifying with various self- conceptualizations.
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"Some of the good ... cannot be achieved without delay and suffering, and the evil of this world is indeed necessary for the achievement of those good purposes. ... God has the right to allow such evils to occur, so long as the 'goods' are facilitated and the 'evils' are limited and compensated in the way that various other Christian doctrines (of human free will, life after death, the end of the world, etc.) affirm.... the 'good states' which (according to Christian doctrine) God seeks are so good that they outweigh the accompanying evils." This is somewhat illustrated in the Book of Exodus when Pharaoh is described as being raised up that God's name be known in all the earth Exodus 9:16. This is mirrored in Romans' ninth chapter, where Paul appeals to God's sovereignty as sufficient explanation, with God's goodness experientially known to the Christian.
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World Trade Center Photo Montage; a place represented in media images; an example of place-in-media According to one taxonomy, the geography of media and communication involves four complementary aspects: places-in- media, media-in-places, media-in-spaces and spaces-in-media. Places-in-media are representations of place circulating in all sorts of media for all sorts of reasons, for example landscape paintings signifying the owner's status, and news images of urban spaces linking crime and chaos to minority populations and the poor. Media-in-places are ways in which particular places such as the home, classroom, workplace, or city street are altered functionally and experientially by transformations in how people use media in those places. Media-in-spaces are communication infrastructures, whether historical, like telegraph cables, or contemporary like optical fiber cable when mapped and analyzed in terms of their physical layout.
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Jain writes that equating yoga as exercise with hatha yoga "does not account for the historical sources": asanas "only became prominent in modern yoga in the early twentieth century as a result of the dialogical exchanges between Indian reformers and nationalists and Americans and Europeans interested in health and fitness". In short, Jain writes, "modern yoga systems ... bear little resemblance to the yoga systems that preceded them. This is because [both] ... are specific to their own social contexts." The historian Jared Farmer writes that twelve trends have characterised yoga's progression from the 1890s onwards: from peripheral to central in society; from India to global; from male to "predominantly" female; from spiritual to "mostly" secular; from sectarian to universal; from mendicant to consumerist; from meditational to postural; from being understood intellectually to experientially; from embodying esoteric knowledge to being accessible to all; from being taught orally to hands-on instruction; from presenting poses in text to using photographs; and from being "contorted social pariahs" to "lithe social winners".
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Although (like most Deleuzo-Guattarian terms) deterritorialization has a purposeful variance in meaning throughout their oeuvre, it can be roughly described as a move away from a rigidly imposed hierarchical, arborescent context, which seeks to package things (concepts, objects, etc.) into discrete categorised units with singular coded meanings or identities, towards a rhizomatic zone of multiplicity and fluctuant identity, where meanings and operations flow freely between said things, resulting in a dynamic, constantly changing set of interconnected entities with fuzzy individual boundaries. Importantly, the concept implies a continuum, not a simple binary – every actual assemblage (a flexible term alluding to the heterogeneous composition of any complex system, individual, social, geological) is marked by simultaneous movements of territorialization (maintenance) and of deterritorialization (dissipation). Various means of deterritorializing are alluded to by the authors in their chapter "How to Make Yourself A Body Without Organs" in A Thousand Plateaus, including psychoactives such as peyote. Experientially, the effects of such substances can include a loosening (relative deterritorialization) of the worldview of the user (i.e.
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Foucault's episteme is something like the 'epistemological unconscious' of an era; the resultant configuration of knowledge of a particular episteme is, to Foucault, based on a set of primordial, fundamental assumptions that are so basic to the episteme that they're experientially "invisible" to the constituents (such as people, organizations, or systems) operating within the episteme. Moreover, Kuhn's concept corresponds to what Foucault calls theme or theory of a science, though Foucault analyzed how opposing theories and themes could co-exist within a science. Kuhn does not search for the conditions of possibility of opposing discourses within a science, but simply for the invariant dominant paradigm governing scientific research (supposing that one paradigm always is pervading, except under paradigmatic transition). Foucault attempts to demonstrate the constitutive limits of discourse, and in particular, the rules enabling their productivity; however, Foucault maintains that, though ideology may infiltrate and form science, it need not do so: it must be demonstrated how ideology actually forms the science in question; contradictions and lack of objectivity is not an indicator of ideology.
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This development emerged from the realisation that previously human geography had largely ignored the everyday lives of children, who (obviously) form a significant section of society, and who have specific needs and capacities, and who may experience the world in very different ways. Thus children's geographies can in part be seen in parallel to an interest in gender in geography and feminist geography in so much as their starting points were the gender blindness of mainstream academic geography. Children's geographies also shares many of the underpinning principles of Childhood Studies (and the so-called New Social Studies of Childhood) and Sociology of the family - namely, that childhood is a social construction and that scholars should pay greater attention to children's voices and agency, although recent 'new wave' scholarship has challenged these principles (Kraftl, 2013) Children's geographies rests on the idea that children as a social group share certain characteristics which are experientially, politically and ethically significant and which are worthy of study. The pluralisation in the title is intended to imply that children's lives will be markedly different in differing times and places and in differing circumstances such as gender, family, and class.
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