Some barroom etymologists say the expression "eighty-six" was coined at Chumley's, whose address is 86 Bedford Street.
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The word "queer" has always contained the shimmer of multitudes; even etymologists can't settle on one origin story.
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Etymologists told CBS that the Phorid flies are attracted to open wounds, where they seek to lay eggs.
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After a nomination process, a committee of linguists, etymologists, grammarians, historians, writers, and more vote on the top word.
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Etymologists debate the word's origins and whether its root comes from a Mayan term for thief or a French word for watered-down paint.
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More intriguing still, both subsist almost entirely on bamboo (some etymologists think their mutual name is derived from the Nepali phrase nigalya ponya, meaning "bamboo-eater").
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Disputed amongst etymologists about the exact origin of the phrase, an elongated, arguably poetic version of the pejorative idiom "son of a bitch" can be accredited to Shakespeare.
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Command Z WASHINGTON — What happens when 334 linguists, lexicographers, grammarians and etymologists gather in a stuffy lecture hall on a Friday night to debate the lexical trends of the year?
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Etymologists differ on the origin of the lyrics, but Yankee typically referred to New Englanders, doodle was a term of derision and dandy was someone who affected sophistication (fashionable macaroni wigs also became a metaphor for foppishness).
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If wordsmiths had a Super Bowl, this event would be it — where the nation's most well-regarded grammarians, etymologists and language historians gather to nominate, and then debate, the words, hashtags and phrases that best capture the ethos of the past year.
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We have various ways of keeping up-to-date with developments in the language: our reading programs, which read books, newspapers, and magazines; electronic corpuses and databases of texts, which we can use to track and automatically identify new words; examples submitted by the public; and personal observation by Oxford editors, researchers, etymologists, and bibliographers.
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It's hard to quantify how long it takes to draft an OED entry: A first draft of a single [meaning of a new word] takes half a day to a day for a single editor to complete, but this draft then spends six months to a year being revised, refined, and improved by other editors, etymologists, and bibliographers.
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Etymologists believe that the name Amelia is unrelated to the Latin nomen , from which originates the English birth name Emily.
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Etymologists and lexicographers have disputed and considered theories of the origins of the phrase, but most find no theory satisfactory.
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No ISBN. This classification can be extended to surnames originating elsewhere. Other name etymologists use a fuller classification, but these four types underlie them.
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Bimal Krishna Matilal in his The word and the world refers to the debate of nirkuta vs. vyakarana as an > interesting philosophical discussion between the nairuktas or etymologists > and the pāṇinīyas or grammarians. According to the etymologists, all nouns > (substantives) are derived from some verbal root or the other. Yāska in his > Nirukta refers to this view (in fact defends it) and ascribes it to an > earlier scholar Śākaṭāyana.
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Research and speculation by both amateur and professional etymologists suggest that "hip" is derived from an earlier form, hep, but that is disputed. Many etymologists believe that the terms hip, hep, and hepcat derive from the west African Wolof language word hepicat,James Campbell, This is the Beat Generation (1999) p. 36 which means "one who has his eyes open".Holloway, Joseph E. The Impact of African Languages on American English.
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Mostly commonly favored as a credible theory by etymologists and other scholars,Partridge, Eric (2003). A Dictionary of Catch Phrases. Ukraine: Taylor & Francis. p. 56.Ammer, Christine (2013).
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Culture in Context; Selected Writings of Weston Labarre. Duke University Press. refers to cannabis according to some etymologists,Benetowa, Sara = (Sula Benet). 1936. Tracing one word through different languages.
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According to etymologists, the name Mosquera is an allusion to a place where the greatest quantity of "aces" grows, and derives itself from the word "moscon", which originally referred to a type of tree.
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The word is typical of central Slovenia, including Ljubljana, and derives from Styrian German or . Etymologists suggest that is a derivation from two German expressions: , "to slip, slide", and , "slippery". In fact, is a fairly greasy dish.Taste Slovenia.
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The ' was first mentioned in a 1330 border charter issued in . Etymologists are inconclusive about the origin of its name. It may go back to ', hunter's jargon for "border". In Old High German, a ' is a narrow footpath or bridleway in contrast to a ' or military road.
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Other similar-sounding words have been proposed, but are generally not considered by etymologists. One example is si elat which means someone who confuses, deceives or bluffs. A similar term, ilat, means an accident, misfortune or a calamity.Silat Dinobatkan Seni Beladiri Terbaik by Pendita Anuar Abd.
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The term of sorcova comes from the Bulgarian word surov (tender green), allusion to the budded twig, broken from a tree, especially a fir tree. Some etymologists consider that sorcova derives from the Slavic word sorokŭ (forty): the recitative of sorcova consists of 40 syllabic groups corresponding to the 40 touches of sorcova.
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Many explanations have been given of the name: # from (Schol. on Horace, who gives as another form of or robber); # from (Acron on Horace, according to whom thieves were called , perhaps referring to bath thieves); # from (cf. shop-lifters). Modern etymologists connect it with ', and explain it as meaning the goddess of gain.
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Etymologists interpret the prefix goat in surnames such as goat foot, goat leg, and goat neck in the form of dryly, thin, etc. Probably the first person with this name had thin, possibly also whitish legs, so that it was used first as a nickname and later as a surname by his descendants.
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The name ‘Chowringhee’ has defied etymologists. There is, however, the legend of a yogi, Chourangi Giri, who discovered an image of the goddess Kali's face and built the first Kalighat temple.Nair, P. Thankappan in The Growth and Development of Old Calcutta, in Calcutta, the Living City, Vol. I, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, pp.
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Talose is an aldohexose sugar. It is an unnatural monosaccharide that is soluble in water and slightly soluble in methanol. Some etymologists suggest that talose's name derives from the automaton of Greek mythology named Talos, but the relevance is unclear. Talose is a C-2 epimer of galactose and a C-4 epimer of mannose.
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In Yāska's time, nirukta "etymology" was in fact a school which gave information of formation of words, the etymological derivation of words. According to the nairuktas or "etymologists", all nouns are derived from a verbal root. Yāska defends this view and attributes it to Śākaṭāyana. While others believed that there are some words which are "Rudhi Words".
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Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmet Ağa, Silahdar Tarihi, Volume 1 (Istanbul, 1923), 743. Kuruc, c. 1700 Today's etymologists do not accept Bel's or Agha's theory and consider that the word derived from the Turkish word (rebel or insurgent). In 1671, the name was used by Meni, the beglerbeg pasha of Eger in what is today Hungary, to denote the predominantly-noble refugees from Royal Hungary.
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Since lexicology studies the meaning of words and their semantic relations, it often explores the origin and history of a word, i.e. its etymology. Etymologists analyse related languages using a technique known as the comparative method. Using this method, many word roots from different branches of the Indo-European language family can be traced back to single words from the Proto Indo-European language.
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Hutton 1999. p. 85. Such people were also frequently known across England as "wizards", "wise men" or "wise women", or in southern England and Wales as "conjurers" or as "dynion hysbys" in the Welsh language.Davies 2003. p. 184. In Cornwall they were sometimes referred to as "pellars", which some etymologists suggest originated from the term "expellers", referring to the practice of expelling evil spirits.
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Piacenza (; ; ) is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy, the capital of the eponymous province. The etymology is long-standing, tracing an origin from the Latin verb , "to please." In French, and occasionally in English, it is called Plaisance. The name means a "pleasant abode", or as James Boswell reported some of the etymologists of his time to have translated it, "comely".
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According to them, Constantine VII referred to the site of Gnyozdovo when he mentioned the fortress of Smolensk in De Administrando Imperio. The Primary Chronicle records Smolensk even earlier, in connection with Askold and Dir's raid against Kiev in 867. Vasmer and other etymologists derive the name of Smolensk from the Smolnya River. If so, the original Slavic name for Gnyozdovo must have been different.
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The Society has never had more than a few hundred active members. With so few scholars advancing the enterprise, the developments in the field came slowly. Members of the organization include "linguists, lexicographers, etymologists, grammarians, historians, researchers, writers, authors, editors, professors, university students, and independent scholars." Its activities include a mailing list, which deals chiefly with American English but also carries some discussion of other issues of linguistic interest.
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A&C; Black. It is partly written in Latin and partly in late West Saxon, a dialect of Old English commonly used in manuscripts of the time. Some words suggest the onset of Middle English spelling practices. The manuscript is valuable for etymologists because many of the words are scantily attested in Old English, with at least 130 words appearing for the first time in written form, for instance docga "dog".
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Rhea or Cybele, drawing of a marble relief (1888) Some ancient etymologists derived ' () (by metathesis) from , "ground";Hopkinson, p. 176, noting: "For a full collection of evidence see O. Gruppe, Griechische Mythologie und Religionsgeschichte (Munich 1906), 1524 n. 2.". the same suggest also modern scholars,Σταματάκος Ιωάννης (2012), Dictionary of the ancient Greek language, Εκδόσεις Δεδεμάδη, , p. 874: «῾Ρέᾱ = Γη, από το ἔρα με μετάθεση των φθόγγων.» although a tradition embodied in PlatoPlato.
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Retrieved on 2006.10.05. Some etymologists reject this, however, tracing the origin of this putative etymology to David Dalby, a scholar of African languages who tentatively suggested the idea in the 1960s,. and some have even adopted the denigration "to cry Wolof" as a general dismissal or belittlement of etymologies they believe to be based on "superficial similarities" rather than documented attribution.e.g. Grant Barrett, "Humdinger of a Bad Irish Scholar ", in "The Lexicographer's Rules", 2007.11.
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Examples of such mechanisms are phonetic matching, semanticized phonetic matching and phono-semantic matching. Zuckermann concludes that language planners, for example members of the Academy of the Hebrew Language, employ the very same techniques used in folk etymology by laymen, as well as by religious leaders. He urges lexicographers and etymologists to recognize the widespread phenomena of camouflaged borrowing and multisourced neologization and not to force one source on multi-parental lexical items.
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Another Old English term for magicians was dry, making them practitioners of drycræft. Etymologists have speculated that the latter word might have been an anglicised term for the Irish drai, a term referring to druids, who appeared as anti-Christian sorcerers in much Irish literature of the period.Hutton 2009. p. 47. In this case, it would have been a term borrowed from the Celtic languages, which were widespread across southern Britain prior to the Anglo- Saxon migration.
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Justin said that Fatua, the wife of Faunus, "being filled with divine spirit assiduously predicted future events as if in a madness (furor)," and thus the verb for divinely inspired speech is fatuari.Justin, 43.1.8. While several etymologists in antiquity derived the names Fauna and Faunus from fari, "to speak," Macrobius regarded Fauna's name as deriving from faveo, favere, "to favor, nurture," "because she nurtures all that is useful to living creatures."Quod omni usui animantium favet: Macrobius, Saturnalia 1.12.
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The word Shenandoah is of unknown Native American origin. It has been described as being derived from the Anglicization of Native American terms, resulting in words such as Gerando, Gerundo, Genantua, Shendo and Sherando. The meaning of these words is of some question. Schin- han-dowi, the "River Through the Spruces"; On-an-da-goa, the "River of High Mountains" or "Silver-Water"; and an Iroquois word for "Big Meadow", have all been proposed by Native American etymologists.
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For example, Manila galleons could not sail into the wind at all. Edmond Halley's map of the trade winds, 1686 By the 18th century, the importance of the trade winds to England's merchant fleet for crossing the Atlantic Ocean had led both the general public and etymologists to identify the name with a later meaning of "trade": "(foreign) commerce". Between 1847 and 1849, Matthew Fontaine Maury collected enough information to create wind and current charts for the world's oceans.
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Some etymologists suggest this originates in reference to the family of Edith Wharton (née Jones), prominent socialites in 19th-century New York. However, linguist Rosemarie Ostler writes that "Jones is a common enough name to have universal associations". On the Sunday page, Keeping Up with the Joneses had a topper strip, Holly of Hollywood, which ran from January 3, 1932 to March 27, 1938. The strip itself did not achieve the lasting fame of some other comics, and was not widely merchandised.
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The Beefeater name was carried over to the Yeomen Warders, due to the two corps' outward similarities and the Yeoman Warders' more public presence. Beefeaters also commonly produced and consumed broths made of beef, which were described as rich and hearty. These broths were known, at the time, as bef or beffy. While this is the most-cited etymology, including by the Corps themselves, some etymologists have noted the term's similarity to ', the Old English term for a menial servant, lit.
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History of the Tuque (archived) The term tuque is French Canadian. Some etymologists think it probably comes from an Old Spanish word (toca) for a type of headdress—specifically, a soft, close- fitting cap worn about 500 years ago. The word tuque is similarly related to the name of the chef's toque, an alternate spelling from Middle Breton, the language spoken by Breton immigrants at the founding of New France. In Modern Breton, it is spelled tok, and it just means "hat".
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Billboard Books, 1996 Hagar eventually backed away from the outright vulgarity after he was told by his friend, former world lightweight boxing champion Ray "Boom Boom" Mancini, that the word "fuck" was an acronym for the phrase "for unlawful carnal knowledge" (though this is a false etymology).World Wide Words: FuckThe idea that the word "fuck" is derived from an acronym is generally disbelieved by etymologists. See Fuck#False etymologies. Their tour promoting the album was unofficially named F.U.C.K. 'n' Live.
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It is often stated that the phrase originated from the use of a brass tray, called a "monkey", to hold cannonballs on warships in the 16th to 18th centuries. Supposedly, in very cold temperatures the "monkey" would contract, causing the balls to fall off. However, nearly all historians and etymologists consider this story to be a myth. This story has been discredited by the U.S. Department of the Navy,US Naval Historical Center etymologist Michael Quinion, and the Oxford English Dictionary (OED).
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A little later in the Feet of Fines of 1198 the name is written as Cranele. Etymologists consider all these versions to be the fusion of the Old English words "Cran", meaning "crane",Pollington, Stephen, Wordcraft, New English to Old English Dictionary and Thesaurus 6th Ed., (2011), Anglosaxon Books, Ely, p.137 and "Lēoh" that together mean 'a woodland clearing visited by cranes'.Ekwall, Eilert, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names, Third Ed. (1951), Clarendon Press, Oxford, p.
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"Early Historical References to Orkney" Orkneyjar.com. Retrieved 27 June 2009. Writing in the 1st century AD, the Roman geographer Pomponius Mela called the islands , as did Tacitus in 98 AD, claiming that his father-in-law Agricola had "discovered and subjugated the Orcades hitherto unknown" (although both Mela and Pliny had previously referred to the islands). Etymologists usually interpret the element as a Pictish tribal name meaning "young pig" or "young boar". Waugh, Doreen J. "Orkney Place-names" in Omand (2003) p. 116.
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At the 2017 census, its population was 396,987 in 90,828 families. Some etymologists argue that the city name comes from the Kasian, the original inhabitants of the city, whose remains are found at Tapeh Sialk dating back 9,000 years; later this was changed to "Kashian", hence the town name. Between the 12th and the 14th centuries Kashan was an important centre for the production of high quality pottery and tiles. In modern Persian, the word for a tile (kashi) comes from the name of the town.
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Some ancient sources as well as modern etymologists derive the word "from a letting in of light" (a lucendo); that is, the lucus was the clearing encompassed by trees.Entry on "Etymology," in The Classical Tradition (Harvard University Press, 2010), p. 343. The Old High German cognate lôh also means "clearing, holy grove." Lucus appears to have been understood in this sense in early medieval literature; until the 10th century, it is regularly translated into OHG as harug, a word never used for the secular silva.
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Teraphim ( teraph; plural: teraphim) is a Hebrew word from the Bible, found only in the plural, of uncertain etymology. Despite being plural, Teraphim may refer to singular objects, using the Hebrew plural of excellence.Van Der Toorn, 206. The word Teraphim is explained in classical rabbinical literature as meaning disgraceful thingsJewish Encyclopedia (dismissed by modern etymologists), and in many English translations of the Bible it is translated as idols, or household god(s), though its exact meaning is more specific than this, but unknown precisely.
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Still, Vossius notes the alternative etymologies offered by Eustathius ("deprived of mating") and others ("having the mind in a good state"), calling these analyses "quite subtle". Then, after having previously declared that eunuch designated an office (i.e., not a personal characteristic), Vossius ultimately sums up his argument in a different way, saying that the word "originally signified continent men" to whom the care of women was entrusted, and later came to refer to castration because "among foreigners" that role was performed "by those with mutilated bodies". Modern etymologists have followed Orion's first option.
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Some etymologists connect the word netty to the Modern English word needy. John Trotter Brockett, writing in 1829 in his A glossary of north country words..., claims that the etymon of netty (and its related form neddy) is the Modern English needy and need. Bill Griffiths, in A Dictionary of North East Dialect, points to the earlier form, the Old English níd; he writes: "MS locates a possible early ex. "Robert Hovyngham sall make... at the other end of his house a knyttyng" York 1419, in which case the root could be OE níd 'necessary'".
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His debt to Rask is shown by comparing his treatment of Old English in the two editions. For example, in the first edition he declines dæg, dæges, plural dægas, without having observed the law of vowel-change pointed out by Rask. (The correct plural is dagas.) The appearance of Rask's Old English grammar was probably the primary impetus for Grimm to recast his work from the beginning. Rask was also the first to clearly formulate the laws of sound-correspondence in the different languages, especially in the vowels (previously ignored by etymologists).
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In early documents the name of the village is often given as 'Sele', 'Sale', 'Zela' or 'La Sela'. Until recently it was thought to come from the French word 'salle' meaning a hall but there is no evidence to support this. Etymologists suggest that the name of the village could have come from the Anglo-Saxon word 'sole' or 'sol' meaning a 'muddy slough, wallowing place' or a 'muddy pond that overflows'. Seal still has a pond at the fork at the bottom of Park Lane which tends to overflow at the present day.
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The ending -il derives from the diminutive Latin suffix -ilus. :The appearance of islands named "Bracile", "Hy-Brazil", or "Ilha da Brasil" on maps as early as the c. 1330 portolan chart of Angelino Dulcert sometimes leads etymologists to question the standard etymology. While most of these islands of Brazil are found off the coast of Ireland and may be taken to stem from a Celtic rendering of the legendary Isle of the Blessed, the 1351 Medici Atlas places one Brazil near Ireland and a second one off the Azores near Terceira Island.
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This particular change in the island's name was seen in use for more than a century until gradually it changed into the now used form. Etymologists presently consider the prefix to be a root of old norse 'Thōs', meaning 'melting', 'thawing' and alike, possibly referring to the narrow strait of Svendborgsund which separates the island from Funen. The suffix '-land' is likely referring to the island itself (ref. the village name of Landet, central on the island), often used in Danish place names to characterize 'larger islands' (e.g.
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The island is the main tourist attraction of northwestern Poland, and it is crossed by several specially marked tourist trails, such as a trail from Międzyzdroje to Dziwnówek. There is a main, electrified rail line, which connects Szczecin and Świnoujście, plus the international road E65 (national road 3 / S3 expressway) crosses the island. Some etymologists believe that the name is related to the name of the ancient historical region of Volhynia. The origins of the name then would come from the resettled Volynians who named the island Volyn.
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The title is the German version of the French loan word carambolage, which means "carom" or "collision". As such, Karambolage aims to explore the differences, similarities, and overlaps of French and German culture through anecdotes, household objects that are common in one country, yet virtually unknown in the other, as well as brief, tongue-in-cheek lectures by etymologists, historians, and the like. The anecdotal segments are often accompanied by simple, stylized animation. In recent years, the makers of the series have also included segments dedicated to the experiences of members of the larger immigrant populations of both countries; i.e.
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In Mario Torelli's diagram of this haruspicial object, the names Uni and Mae appear together in a cell on the edge of the liver; see Nancy Thompson de Grummond, Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, 2006, p. 44 (online). The month of May (Latin Maius) was supposedly named for Maia, though ancient etymologists also connected it to the maiores "ancestors", again from the adjective maius, maior, meaning those who are "greater" in terms of generational precedence. On the first day of May, the Lares Praestites were honored as protectors of the city,Ovid, Fasti v.
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Ihre was the first scholar to recognize the sound change of the Germanic languages that was later to be elaborated on by Rasmus Christian Rask and Jakob Grimm and now known after the latter as Grimm's law. In 1737 the German philologist Johann Georg Wachter (1663–1757) published an etymological dictionary of the German language, Glossarium Germanicum. This book had a great influence on Johan Ihre: in 1769 he published, along the same lines as Wachter's work, a Swedish etymological dictionary.Two Pre-Modern Etymologists: The Connections between Johann Georg Wachter (1663–1757) and Johan Ihre (1707–1780).
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The term Samoyedic is derived from the Russian term samoyed () for some indigenous peoples of Siberia. The term has come to be considered derogatory because it has been interpreted by some ethnologists as originating from Russian samo-yed meaning 'self-eater', i.e. 'cannibal'. The Tenacity of Ethnicity by Marjorie Mandelstam Balzer Some Samoyedic etymologists, however, reject this etymology and instead trace the term's origin to the expression saam-edne, meaning the Land of the Sami peoples.Anthropology of the North By Arctic Institute of North America, Translations from Russian Sources The word SamodeicSamodeic @ google books has been proposed as an alternative by some ethnologists.
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The captain of the Roman army Brabo cut off the giant's hand imitating what he had done. The fountain reflects the moment when the Brabo throws the giant's hand into the river. According to this legend, the etymology of the name of the city Antwerp is a composition of the Dutch words "(h)ant" (hand) and "werpen" (launch). However, John Lothrop Motley argues, and so do a lot of Dutch etymologists and historians, that Antwerp's name derives from "anda" (at) and "werpum" (wharf) to give an 't werf (on the wharf, in the same meaning as the current English wharf).
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El Salvador and Honduras both claim to be the birthplace of the pupusa. Salvadoran archeologist Roberto Ordóñez attributed the creation of the pupusa to the Pipil people due to the name meaning 'swollen' in the Pipil language, and the artifacts found in the Joya de Ceren which show ingredients and tools that were used to make an early version of pupusas. Honduran etymologists say that since the Pipil language is so close to the Nahuatl language, the Honduran Nahua tribe could have created the dish. The topic of the pupusa’s origin also came up during the negotiation for the CAFTA-DR.
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The English terms tram and tramway are derived from the Scots word , referring respectively to a type of truck (goods wagon or freight railroad car) used in coal mines and the tracks on which they ran. The word tram probably derived from Middle Flemish ("beam, handle of a barrow, bar, rung"). The identical word with the meaning "crossbeam" is also used in the French language. Etymologists believe that the word tram refers to the wooden beams the railway tracks were initially made of before the railroad pioneers switched to the much more wear-resistant tracks made of iron and, later, steel.
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Etymologists frequently trace the word "Viking" to writers who are referring to those who set about to raid and pillage. The word Viking in the sense in which it is commonly used is derived from the Old Norse víkingr signifying a sea-rover or pirate.The Syntax of Old Norse by Jan Terje Faarlund (Oxford University Press: 2004)The Principles of English Etymology by Walter W. Skeat (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1887) Thus, our understanding of "Viking" history is shaped by the views of the people of the Romantic era, who studied and wrote about "the Vikings", as seen from their point of view.
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Greenwood pub., , pp. 82-83. Far from being a body with a specialty in active measures, its mission was limited at the time to black propaganda and to disinformation; that is to say, “spreading false and misleading information, often of the slanderous sort”. The noun “disinformation” is not really of Russian origin, because it would be a translation of the French désinformation. French etymologists, however, reject the origin of the word to the Soviet Union between the World War I and the World War II. An ongoing theory says that Joseph Stalin himself would have coined “disinformation” in 1923, exactly,Ion Mihai Pacepa, Ronald J. Rychiak (June 25, 2013).
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The word carom, which simply means any strike and rebound, was in use in reference to billiards by at least 1779, sometimes spelled "carrom". Sources differ on the origin. It has been pegged variously as a shortening of the Spanish and Portuguese word carambola, or the French word carambole, which are used to describe the red object ball. Some etymologists have suggested that carambola, in turn, was derived from a yellow-to-orange, tropical Asian fruit also known in Portuguese as a carambola (which was a corruption of the original name of the fruit, karambal in the Marathi language of India),Douglas Harper (2001).
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Though Frederic Cassidy challenged Dalby's claims, asserting that there is no documentary evidence that any of these African-language words had any causal link with its use in the American press, one can certainly wonder at the fact that this standard of written proof does not account for the illiteracy in which the West African speakers were kept during the period of slavery in question. The West African hypothesis had not been accepted by 1981 by any etymologists,Lighter, Jonathon, (1994). The Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang, 708. yet has since appeared in scholarly sources published by linguists and non-linguists alike.
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The Triumph of Bacchus, a Roman mosaic from Africa Proconsolaris, dated 3rd century AD, now in the Sousse Archaeological Museum, Tunisia The origins and development of this honour are obscure. Roman historians placed the first triumph in the mythical past; some thought that it dated from Rome's foundation; others thought it more ancient than that. Roman etymologists thought that the soldiers' chant of triumpe was a borrowing via Etruscan of the Greek thriambus (θρίαμβος), cried out by satyrs and other attendants in Dionysian and Bacchic processions.Versnel considers it an invocation for divine help and manifestation, derived via an unknown pre-Greek language through Etruria and Greece.
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This word (literally, "way house") was one of several words meaning the English "inn" and was figuratively used for "a banquet". The Low Country origin of the word "wayzgoose" has never seriously been disputed by etymologists, seeing that much early chapel terminology was borrowed from Low Country printers by their English apprentices (and later journeymen). The variety of spellings and pronunciations (including with and without the "z") indicate that it is an orally-borrowed Dutch word that fit somewhat uneasily in the mouth of English speakers. Another plausible origin is a more general word for a merry-making or feast, reputedly referring to the grand goose-feast annually held at Waes, in Brabant, at Martinmas.
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This is a list of English words borrowed or derived from Portuguese (or Galician-Portuguese). The list also includes words derived from other languages via Portuguese during and after the Age of Discovery. In other Romance language their imports from Portuguese are often, in a creative shorthand, called lusitanianisms a word which has fallen out of use in English linguistics as etymologists stress that few additions to any non-Iberian Peninsula languages date to the era when the Lusitanian language was spoken. Loan-words and derivations predominantly date to the Age of Discovery when the Portuguese spoken at sea was, according to many accounts, the most widely understood tongue (lingua franca) of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans.
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Dutch Topographic map of Dordrecht, Sept. 2014 Satellite image of part of the Rhine- Meuse delta, showing the Island of Dordrecht and the eponymous city (7) The name Dordrecht comes from Thuredriht (circa 1120), Thuredrecht (circa 1200). The name seems to mean 'thoroughfare'; a ship-canal or -river through which ships were pulled by rope from one river to another, as here from the Dubbel to the Merwede, or vice versa. Earlier etymologists had assumed that the 'drecht' suffix came from Latin 'trajectum', a ford, but this was rejected in 1996.W. van Osta, ‘Drecht en drecht-namen’, Naamkunde 28, 1-2 (Leuven 1996) 51-77 The Drecht is now supposed to have been derived from , which means to pull, tow or drag.
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A 17th-century legend of James Lynch fitz Stephen, who was Mayor of Galway in Ireland in 1493, says that when his son was convicted of murder, the mayor hanged him from his own house. The story was proposed by 1904 as the origin of the word "lynch". It is dismissed by etymologists, both because of the distance in time and place from the alleged event to the word's later emergence, and because the incident did not constitute a lynching in the modern sense. The archaic verb linch, to beat severely with a pliable instrument, to chastise or to maltreat, has been proposed as the etymological source; but there is no evidence that the word has survived into modern times, so this claim is also considered implausible.
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Etymology is the study of the history of words: when they entered a language, from what source, and how their form and meaning have changed over time. A word may enter a language as a loanword (as a word from one language adopted by speakers of another language), through derivational morphology by combining pre-existing elements in the language, by a hybrid of these two processes called phono-semantic matching, or in several other minor ways. In languages with a long and detailed history, etymology makes use of philology, the study of how words change from culture to culture over time. Etymologists also apply the methods of comparative linguistics to reconstruct information about languages that are too old for any direct information (such as writing) to be known.
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However, the term was also used positively as it derives from the Qur'an. Moreover, many Arabic grammarians strove to attribute as many words as possible to a "pure Arabic origin", especially those in the Qur'an. Thus, exegetes, theologians, and grammarians who entertained the idea of the presence of "impurities" (for example, naturalized loanwords) in the Qur'an were severely criticized and their proposed etymologies denounced in most cases.Versteegh (1997) believes that early Medieval Arabic etymologists and philologists, be they exegetes, grammarians, or both, were noticeably far more eager to ascribe words to historically non-Arabic origins, and so he concludes that the spread of the association of "linguistic supremacy" with "etymological purity" was a later development, though he mentions al-Suyuti as a notable exception to this puristic attitude, which eventually became prevalent.
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After the English gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was anglicised as Bombay. Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial dewan or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the Mirat-i Ahmedi (1762) referred to the city as Manbai. The French traveller Louis Rousselet, who visited in 1863 and 1868, states in his book L’Inde des Rajahs, which was first published in 1877: "Etymologists have wrongly derived this name from the Portuguese Bôa Bahia, or (French: "bonne bai", English: "good bay"), not knowing that the tutelar goddess of this island has been, from remote antiquity, Bomba, or Mamba Dévi, and that she still..., possesses a temple". By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, and as Bambai in Hindi.
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The Duchy could not afford its own university, so Duke William I made a treaty with the Kingdom of Hannover, which allowed citizens of Nassau to study at the University of Göttingen. In order to finance schools and university scholarships, on 29 March 1817, Duke William established the Nassau Central Study Fund, which still exists today, by consolidating a number of older secular and religious funds, and endowed it with farmland, forests, and bonds. In Göttingen, non-Nassau students occasionally participated illicitly in a free dinner funded by the Central Study Fund. The German term nassauer, meaning 'someone who partakes of a privilege they are not entitled to' is said to derive from this practice, although etymologists report that the word is actually a Berlin dialect term derived from Rotwelsch Yiddish and that this story was invented after the fact.
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Linguistically the term Lehen is connected with the word leihen, to lend or loan, and meant something like "loaned property" (c.f. the modern German Darlehen, a loan), whilst the word feudum, which some etymologists suggest comes from the Latin fides (loyalty), is more likely to be derived from the Old High German fihu, fehu (whence modern Vieh), originally "cattle", but later generally "chattel". The opposite of a fief was the freehold, allod or allodium, which roughly corresponds to the present freehold estate. An institution during the transition from feudal states to what is now the free ownership of property, was the allodifizierte Lehen ("allodified fief"), a fief in which the feudal lord gave up direct ownership - usually in return for the payment of compensation or an allodified rent (Allodifikationsrenten) - but the vassal's ownership of the fief with an agreed agnatic succession - resembling a family entailed estate (Familienfideikommiß) - remained in place.
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Herodotus reported that the ancient Persians called all of the Scythians Sacae, but they called themselves Scoloti. However, a modern comparison of the forms which are given in other ancient languages suggests that Skuda was their name. Ancient writers, such as Josephus and Jerome would associate the Scythians with the peoples of Gog and Magog, but British Israelist etymologists would see in Sacae a name derived from the biblical "Isaac", claiming that the appearance of the Scythians where they claimed the Lost Tribes were last documented also supported a connection. Further, British Israelists find support in the superficial resemblance between King Jehu's pointed headdress and that of the captive Saka king seen to the far right on the Behistun Rock.. The chain of etymological identification leading from Isaac to the Sacae was continued to the Saxons (interpreted as "Sac's sons" – the sons of Isaac), who are portrayed as invading England from Denmark, the 'land of the Tribe of Dan'.
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Fresco with a seated Venus, restored as a personification of Rome in the so-called ”Dea Barberini” (“Barberini goddess”); Roman artwork, dated first half of the 4th century AD, from a room near the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Laterano Venus was offered official (state-sponsored) cult in certain festivals of the Roman calendar. Her sacred month was April (Latin Mensis Aprilis) which Roman etymologists understood to derive from aperire, "to open," with reference to the springtime blossoming of trees and flowers.The origin is unknown, but it might derive from Apru, an Etruscan form of Greek Aphrodite's name. Veneralia (April 1) was held in honour of Venus Verticordia ("Venus the Changer of Hearts"), and Fortuna Virilis (Virile or strong Good Fortune), whose cult was probably by far the older of the two. Venus Verticordia was invented in 220 BC, in response to advice from a Sibylline oracle during Rome's Punic Wars,Either the Sibylline Books (Valerius Maximus, 8. 15.
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