One of those applications is estimating the value of complex CEO pay packages.
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It's tricky business estimating the value of SpaceX, the fast-moving rocket company founded by entrepreneur Elon Musk in 2002.
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One of the sources said BNP Paribas was estimating the value of the business at between $4 billion and $5 billion.
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One of the sources said BNP Paribas was estimating the value of the business at between $4.63 billion and $5 billion.
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Analysts have had difficulty estimating the value of Abengoa's assets in Brazil, many of which are already in operation and generating revenue.
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"Collecting is a huge part of my life," he said, estimating the value of his watches at more than 1713 million Singapore dollars ($725,210).
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Art logistics has become an extremely lucrative sector of the industry, with industry veterans estimating the value of companies like UOVO in the tens of millions of dollars.
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Lastly, he said that the ECB should take climate change risk into account in estimating the value of collateral banks post with the central bank in exchange for credit.
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Companies typically use the cost of providing services as a basis for revenue estimates, but the process can lead to over- or under-estimating the value of the contracts, experts say.
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Companies typically use the cost of providing services as a basis for estimating future revenue from the contracts, but the process can lead to over- or under-estimating the value of the contracts as assets on the balance sheet, experts say.
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Trump has also been accused, notably by his former attorney Michael Cohen, of both deflating and over estimating the value of his properties and assets in insurance claims and on loan applications — a practice on which tax returns could shed light.
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Betterment called out data it says shows that its loss-harvesting program is more sophisticated than Edesess assumes and cited other peer-reviewed studies estimating the value of harvesting at 0.37% and 0.50%, well above the critic's model and closer to its claimed 0.77% increase.
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Some common suggestions include simpler and more open-access grid-interconnection standards, more transparent common standards for estimating the value of DERs' various benefits, more participation for DERs in utility solicitations, and better mechanisms for compensating DER owners for power, like feed-in tariffs Also, everyone wants to boost funding for California's Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP), which is currently authorized to spend $830 million on DERs over the next five years (75 percent of it on behind-the-meter storage).
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By discretionarily estimating the value of investment property, the profit on investment property can be adjusted freely.
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Russell, K.G. (1991) Estimating the Value of e by Simulation The American Statistician, Vol. 45, No. 1. (Feb., 1991), pp. 66–68.Dinov, ID (2007) Estimating e using SOCR simulation, SOCR Hands-on Activities (retrieved December 26, 2007).
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He embellished the story by claiming that Augustus manumitted all of Vedius's slaves, a statement not based on any ancient source; in one 1763 lecture even estimating the value of the property their master thus lost.Africa, pp. 73-74.
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According to a US senate report, Russian state media channel RT covered the referendum campaign extensively and offered "systematically one-sided coverage". A parliamentary inquiry into disinformation and 'fake news' cited research estimating the value of anti-EU Russian state media during the EU referendum campaign at between £1.4 and 4.14 million.
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The American account of the action refers to Roselle as Rosabella. Ten men from Kemp succeeded in boarding Roselle and capturing her, wounding three of her crew members in the process. She was carrying coffee and sugar, with her captors estimating the value of her cargo at $300,000. As Roselle approached Charleston she was wrecked on the Charleston Bar.
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Methods for calculating the monetary value of these multiple benefits have been developed, including e.g. the choice experiment method for improvements that have a subjective component (such as aesthetics or comfort) and Tuominen-Seppänen method for price risk reduction.B Baatz, J Barrett, B Stickles: Estimating the Value of Energy Efficiency to Reduce Wholesale Energy Price Volatility. ACEEE, Washington D.C., 2018.
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By analogy with their navigational use, the words dead reckoning are also used to mean the process of estimating the value of any variable quantity by using an earlier value and adding whatever changes have occurred in the meantime. Often, this usage implies that the changes are not known accurately. The earlier value and the changes may be measured or calculated quantities.
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The third-most common method of estimating the value of a company looks to the assets and liabilities of the business. At a minimum, a solvent company could shut down operations, sell off the assets, and pay the creditors. Any cash that would remain establishes a floor value for the company. This method is known as the net asset value or cost method.
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On 5 February 1781, Rodney and Vaughan signed an agreement stating that all goods taken belonged to the Crown.Trew, p. 106. Rodney and Vaughan, by British custom, expected to personally receive a significant share of the captured wealth from the king once it reached England. Instead of delegating the task of sorting through and estimating the value of the confiscated property, Rodney and Vaughan oversaw this themselves.
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OMB A-133: Comp. Suppl.; Part IV, pg. 4-93.600-1, Head Start Program However, the federal government requires that in-kind contributions be properly valued and evidenced (such as estimating the value of a building to make sure that it meets the 20% of the program budget), and certain programs specifically require that matching be made by contributing money only.OMB A-133 Comp. Suppl.
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Under a government-financed project, the people left their former islands with the hope of better basic facilities such as education and health care, harbor, etc. when they move to a bigger island with a bigger population than before. The residents of the islands of Ungulu and Undoodhoo were given funds by the government after estimating the value of their properties in their former islands. The people then built their homes in Hulhudhuffaru on their own.
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In 1999, The 17th Marqués de Falces announced his intention of selling the sword. The Ministry of Culture began a process of estimating the value of the artefact. The sword was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in January 2003. In October 2003, the Ministry offered EUR 1.5 million, and The 17th Marqués de Falces accepted the offer. However, a 2007 report cast doubt on the sword's authenticity, and the Ministry withdrew its offer, reducing the estimated value to EUR 200,000 - 300,000.
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In the field of environmental economics, agricultural economists have contributed in three main areas: designing incentives to control environmental externalities (such as water pollution due to agricultural production), estimating the value of non-market benefits from natural resources and environmental amenities (such as an appealing rural landscape), and the complex interrelationship between economic activities and environmental consequences.Catherine L. Kling, Kathleen Segerson and Jason F. Shogren (2010). "Environmental Economics: How Agricultural Economists Helped Advance the Field" American Journal of Agricultural Economics, v. 92, pp. 487-505.
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The game's strategy centers on correctly estimating the value of one's hand in order to ante appropriately. The order of play is important, with prominent advantages going to the first player (whose card always triggers) and the players who get to play later in the round. It is particularly important to plan one's order of play in a gambit. For example, players with weak hands should ante low and seek to steal as much gold from the stakes and other players as possible, generally by playing low-strength dragons.
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Note that the red chord is not exactly parallel to the green segment (the true tangent), due to the error in estimating the value of y(t) at the midpoint. The local error at each step of the midpoint method is of order O\left(h^3\right), giving a global error of order O\left(h^2\right). Thus, while more computationally intensive than Euler's method, the midpoint method's error generally decreases faster as h \to 0. The methods are examples of a class of higher-order methods known as Runge–Kutta methods.
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There are many ways of estimating the value of the scaling exponent for a power-law tail, however not all of them yield unbiased and consistent answers. Some of the most reliable techniques are often based on the method of maximum likelihood. Alternative methods are often based on making a linear regression on either the log–log probability, the log–log cumulative distribution function, or on log-binned data, but these approaches should be avoided as they can all lead to highly biased estimates of the scaling exponent.
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It may be used in estimating the value of creating a highway system, schools, or enforcing environmental protection, for example. All of these things require a cost–benefit analysis where policy makers measure the social marginal cost and the social marginal benefit for each project. Almost all new policies will not even be considered until after a cost–benefit analysis has been completed. The social discount rate can appear in both calculations either as future costs such as maintenance or as future benefits such as reduced pollution emissions.
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His algorithms include: Baby-step giant-step algorithm for computing the discrete logarithm, which is useful in public-key cryptography; Shanks's square forms factorization, an integer factorization method that generalizes Fermat's factorization method; and the Tonelli–Shanks algorithm that finds square roots modulo a prime, which is useful for the quadratic sieve method of integer factorization. In 1974, Shanks and John Wrench did some of the first computer work on estimating the value of Brun's constant, the sum of the reciprocals of the twin primes, calculating it over the twin primes among the first two million primes.
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His 1960 and 1966 JNCI breast cancer staging articles were included in the "Yearbook of Cancer" compendium of the most influential cancer publications for those years, respectively. Zippin collaborated with Peter Armitage, extending a mathematical model assuming survival time of cancer patients to follow an exponential distribution whose key parameter (expected survival time) is linearly related to a measure of the severity (e.g., white blood count in leukemia) of disease. The extension provided for the common situation where some patients were still alive and their limited (censored) survival information could be used in estimating the value of the desired parameter.
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Those appraisals would determine the relative values of the properties affected by the exchange, including the value of mineral deposits that underlie the federal land. If the value of the federal land were to exceed the value of the company land, Resolution Copper could pay the government a lump sum equal to the difference in property values in the year or two following enactment. That payment might be significant; however, because there are no publicly available estimates regarding the quantity of copper underlying the federal land, the CBO has no basis for estimating the value of that land relative to the value of the company land.
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Suunto Oy, The Suunto KB-14 Story, Article The term hand compass is used by some in the forestry and surveying professions to refer to a certain type of hand compass optimized for use in those fields, also known as a forester or cruiser compass.Rutstrum, The Wilderness Route Finder, University of Minnesota Press (2000), , pp. 47-55, 64-72Mooers Jr., Robert L. Finding Your Way In The Outdoors, Outdoor Life Press (1972), , p. 47: The term cruiser compass derives from the practice of foresters cruising or estimating the value of a stand of timber by taking compass readings to ascertain the size of the stand.
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Moses, however, had little respect for the Bureau and more for the army, so the army was given the job of administering the reservation. The army set up a camp at the southern end of Lake Chelan to do this. Chief Moses complained about the white settlers on the reservation, since he had been promised whites would be kept out. Colonel Henry C. Merriman, the army commander, sent Captain H.C. Cook north on August 19, 1880 to list and assess the improvements made by the white settlers and to ask them to leave. He did this for seven settlers, estimating the value of their property at $3,577, much less than the owners' estimate of $11,000.
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Unless tenants have security of tenure at the end of the lease under schedule 10 of the Local Government and Housing Act 1989. Computing the amount of compensation requires estimating the value of deferred possession of the property – the value of the property now minus the lost income or use for the period of the lease ('jam today is worth more than jam tomorrow'). The value of deferred possession is given by the deferment rate, or the rate of return that the lessor would have received, net of management, void and maintenance costs, over the period of the lease. Lessees will typically want a high deferment rate, lessors will typically want a low deferment rate.
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If, for example, one examines a company balance sheet, it is easy to see that fixed assets are only one component of the total annual capital outlay. The most important exclusion from GFCF is land sales and purchases. The original reason, leaving aside complex valuation problems involved in estimating the value of land in a standard way, was that if a piece of land is sold, the total amount of land already in existence, is not regarded as being increased thereby; all that happens is that the ownership of the same land changes. Therefore, only the value of land improvement is included in the GFCF measure as a net addition to wealth.
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They wrote, "[S]lave owners expropriated far less than generally presumed, and over the course of a lifetime a slave field hand received approximately ninety percent of the income produced."(p. 5-6) They were estimating the value of housing, clothing, food and other benefits received by the slaves and argued that they lived as well in material terms as did free urban laborers; life was difficult for both classes. The authors acknowledged their thesis was controversial and emphasized that their goal was not to justify slavery. Rather, they asserted, their goal was to counter myths about the character of black Americans - myths they said had gained currency in the antebellum slavery debate and had survived into the civil rights era.
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Her research has focused on estimating the value of health benefits, particularly increases in life expectancy and reductions in the risk of chronic illnesses, that are associated with improvements in air and water quality due to environmental regulations. She has also studied road safety, assessing how the value of health benefits should vary over the life course, the impact of electric power reforms in India, and the impact of climate change on migration. Cooper has research affiliations at the National Bureau of Economic Research, the University of Maryland, and Resources for the Future. She has been an associate editor of the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, the Journal of Economic Perspectives, Resource and Energy Economics, and the Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists.
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The British Royal Commission on Awards to Inventors, conducted by Mr Justice Sargant, investigated the claims of twelve persons (10 individuals, including de Mole, and one pair) relating to the invention of tanks, delivered its findings and recommendations on 27 November 1919.The Times, (28 November 1919), p.14. The commission's Report announced that "in estimating the value of the invention of the Tanks for the purpose of [our] recommendations, we have taken into account not merely the precise class of Tanks which went into action at the Battle of the Somme, but also any modified or improved classes of Tanks which may fairly be considered to result from the normal development of the inherent potentialities of the original invention". Notwithstanding this, however, the Report continued, "we have not taken into account any special or exceptional inventions which may subsequently have been applied and have resulted in substantial extra utility".
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Killelea set up The Charitable Foundation (TCF) in 2000, one of Australia's biggest private overseas aid providers, spending over five million A$ in 2008. Killelea is the creative force behind the Global Peace Index study, launched in May 2007, that ranks the world's nations’ and regions’ peacefulness. The Index has been endorsed by the Dalai Lama, Desmond Tutu and Jimmy Carter. Killelea is the founder of the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) which is "analysing the impact of peace on sustainability, defining the 'Peace Industry', estimating the value of peace to the world economy, and uncovering the social structures and social attitudes that are at the core of peaceful societies". In 2013, Killelea’s founding of IEP was recognized as one of the 50 most impactful philanthropic gifts in Australia’s history by a coalition including the Myer Family Company, The Myer Foundation and Sidney Myer Fund, Pro Bono Australia, Swinburne University and Philanthropy Australia.
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Business valuation is a process and a set of procedures used to estimate the economic value of an owner's interest in a business. Valuation is used by financial market participants to determine the price they are willing to pay or receive to effect a sale of a business. In addition to estimating the selling price of a business, the same valuation tools are often used by business appraisers to resolve disputes related to estate and gift taxation, divorce litigation, allocate business purchase price among business assets, establish a formula for estimating the value of partners' ownership interest for buy-sell agreements, and many other business and legal purposes such as in shareholders deadlock, divorce litigation and estate contest. In some cases, the court would appoint a forensic accountant as the joint expert doing the business valuation. In these cases, attorneys should always be prepared to have their expert’s report withstand the scrutiny of cross-examination and criticism.
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