His work on endogenous growth theory is not universally admired.
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Some endogenous retroviruses offer protection against other viruses, for example.
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A major hurdle has seemed to be Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERVs).
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Endogenous ketamine, meanwhile, has not been found in the human body.
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Once upon a time, clinicians used an endogenous/reactive model for depression.
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Once retroviruses become inherited stowaways, scientists refer to them as endogenous retroviruses.
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"Tunisia is becoming a kind of endogenous model of progress," she said.
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Even after being hobbled, these endogenous retroviruses can still sometimes make their proteins.
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We make proteins from endogenous retroviruses to carry out functions we depend on.
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It doesnt appear like it's any endogenous story to Canada itself, Rai said.
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That discovery has fueled a long-running debate: Do endogenous retroviruses help cause cancer?
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"You can condition pain relief because there are endogenous pain-relieving mechanisms," Miller says.
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"This is sort of Latin America's curse," says Trinkunas: Trouble developing an endogenous manufacturing sector.
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At first, endogenous retroviruses coax cells to make more retroviruses that can infect other cells.
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In many kinds of tumor cells, for instance, scientists find proteins produced by endogenous retroviruses.
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The early embryo is a hotbed of activity for endogenous retroviruses, recent studies have shown.
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This endogenous hormone is controlled by the circadian clock, while also influencing it in turn.
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Endogenous retroviruses first invaded the cells of our primate ancestors more than 50 million years ago.
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Endogenous depression, on the other hand, referred to depression that arose without any obvious, identifiable cause.
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Some endogenous retroviruses are unique to humans, but others are found in a variety of species.
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So that viral DNA got passed down from generation to human generation as so-called endogenous retroviruses.
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Romer, currently a professor at New York University, is a pioneer of so-called endogenous growth modelling.
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Just as we have defenses against free-living viruses, we have also developed defenses against endogenous retroviruses.
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The endocannabinoid system, or the body's endogenous network of cannabinoid receptors, regulates, among other functions, appetite and metabolism.
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Fentanyl is an opiate painkiller, meaning that it acts on our endogenous opioid receptors to help relieve pain.
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They found stark differences between the two groups: endurance athletes, for example, had higher levels of endogenous steroids hormones.
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Another is that the graft may bring with it novel infections, caused by what are known as endogenous retroviruses.
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In particular, those experiments suggest that porcine endogenous retroviruses (abbreviated, perhaps unfortunately, to "PERVs") can spread to human cells.
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But over the generations, the viral DNA mutates, and endogenous retroviruses eventually lose the ability to infect new cells.
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After a single infection, an endogenous retrovirus may build up hundreds of copies of itself in its host's DNA.
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In particular, emerging markets are the way "to get an exposure to those more endogenous, internal demand themes," he said.
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His writings in economics advanced the study of game theory, social choice, majority voting, welfare theory, endogenous growth, contracts, and more.
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Liking or pleasure comes from endogenous opioids [opioids our bodies naturally produce], and dopamine instead does reinforcement and motivation and learning.
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Over time these so-called endogenous retroviruses lose even the ability to replicate, becoming harmless fragments adrift in the human genome.
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For decades, researchers have debated the various types of depression, from mild to severe to "endogenous," a rare, near-paralyzing despair.
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The other problem is the risk for infection: the pig genome is riddled with infectious agents called porcine endogenous retroviruses, or PERVs.
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If people can have an NDE just on ketamine, it complicates the theory that endogenous DMT is the sole cause an NDE.
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However, they're also infected with PERV (porcine endogenous retroviruses), inactive in pigs, but potentially harmful to humans: PERVs are similar to HIV.
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The second is to pick a physical characteristic that exists on a spectrum, such as endogenous testosterone levels, and to set a threshold.
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Researchers in the study used the gene-editing technology to effectively cut out a porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) commonly found throughout pig bodies.
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Even the title —"Positive selection on a regulatory insertion-deletion polymorphism in FADS2 influences apparent endogenous synthesis of arachidonic acid"—is, uh, cryptic.
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But that work stalled in 1998, when scientists discovered that lurking in the pig's DNA are endogenous retroviruses that are harmful to humans.
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"Certain ketamine-like endogenous molecules could be released at critical moments to protect the neurons...thus increasing the likelihood of survival," he says.
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Five years ago, the French biologist Odile Heidmann and her colleagues went on a search for more endogenous retroviruses in the human genome.
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Almost all life on Earth has an endogenous circadian rhythmicity that is genetically determined, but that also responds to changes in light and dark.
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There is a debate among scientists about whether there is something called "endogenous depression" — a form of despair that is triggered purely by biology.
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For example, two projects similarly involving endogenous cells (meaning already present in the body), are now in clinical development at the Swiss company Novartis.
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Mischa Leinkauf: Endogenous Error Terms continues at The Container (1F Hills Daikanyama, 1-8-30 Kami-Meguro, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan) through July 7.
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In particular, the pig genome is known to carry porcine endogenous retroviruses (or PERVs), which are capable of transmitting diseases, including cancers, into humans.
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To lower glucose levels, diabetics need to increase insulin, either by taking medication that increases their own endogenous production or by injecting insulin directly.
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The foundation of both lies in the body's endocannabinoid system: a group of "endogenous," or inherently occurring, receptors, lipids, and enzymes throughout the body.
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But currently, one of the main risks of these techniques is that diseases known as "porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs)" could be spread to people.
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The concept is the foundation of what is now called "endogenous growth theory," which states that new ideas and technology help drive economic activity.
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Romer is a proponent of "endogenous growth theory," which holds that investments in human capital, innovation and knowledge are significant contributors to economic growth.
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" Our bodies release opiates to assuage pain, he explained: "You stub your toe, you're in pain, and your body releases a cascade of endogenous opiates.
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The drug was meant to treat anxiety and motor disorders by targeting the endogenous cannabinoid system, a part of the body that helps manage pain.
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The FDA-approved, drug-free device works by stimulating nerves in the upper calf, which carry neural pulses to the brain to activate endogenous opioids.
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"This finding may lay a foundation for ultimate in situ repair of the heart by targeting endogenous cardiac fibroblasts with small molecules," the paper concludes.
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His work made the development of new ideas "endogenous", meaning that it sought to account for them, rather than writing them off as "exogenous" surprises.
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In contrast, financial crises may be perceived as an endogenous and 'inexcusable' type of crisis that are the result of policy failures, moral hazard and favoritism.
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The endogenous opioid system is activated in a similar way to when you're in a state of elation or after you've had some really good exercise.
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As the brain forms new neurons, the baby's own endocannabinoid system (endogenous cannabinoid receptor cells throughout the body) is involved with those processes, according to Volkow.
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Homocysteine is an endogenous antioxidant—this means that it is only produced in the human body, unlike the dietary antioxidants we take in food or supplement form.
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"Our method differs conceptually from current practice, as it preserves endogenous LECs and their natural environment maximally, and regenerates lenses with visual function," the Chinese group writes.
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Moreover, experiments using cell cultures show endogenous retroviruses can spread in this way from the cells of one species to those of another, infecting them with disease.
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The IAAF's proposed rule "greatly overestimates the role of endogenous testosterone," said Peter Sonksen, a retired professor of endocrinology who was not part of the BMJ team.
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According to a recent article entitled "Feeding releases endogenous opioids in humans" published in The Journal of Neuroscience, eating food produces "significant" opioid release throughout the brain.
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"The amounts of NDMA found in Valsartan API are much lower than the cumulative endogenous production and usual external exposure of NDMA," Althoff wrote in an email.
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When retroviruses become part of an animal's inherited DNA, they are called endogenous and eventually they no longer cause the kind of original infection they once did.
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Romer, of New York University's Stern School of Business, is best known for his work on endogenous growth, a theory rooted in investing in knowledge and human capital.
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This is particularly the case with "endogenous depression" in which no detectable trigger can be found and there would otherwise be a threat of the disease becoming chronic.
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To them, inflation and recession are creations of the market process, endogenous to the system, and the Federal Reserve must be ever at the ready to combat them.
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The "endogenous growth models" produced by Mr Romer and those influenced by him were once hailed as a critical step towards understanding patterns of economic growth across the globe.
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In his "endogenous growth" theory, new ideas materialise as firms invest in physical capital or research and development, creating knowledge that spills over to the rest of the economy.
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"The amounts of NDMA found in Valsartan API are much lower than the cumulative endogenous production and usual external exposure of NDMA," Althoff wrote in an email July 6.
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In endogenous depression (which occurs due to the presence of an internal cognitive or biological stressor rather than a social or environmental stressor), no trigger for depression is detectable.
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The "endogenous" growth models produced by Mr Romer, and by others influenced by him, were once hailed as a critical step towards understanding patterns of economic growth across the globe.
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In it, the scientists show how they were able to generate 37 designer pigs without active porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) that can be transmitted to humans and are potentially deadly.
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Dr. Theurkauf and his colleagues focused their work on snippets of RNA called piRNAs, which turn off endogenous retroviruses and keep them from replicating and jumping from spot to spot.
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An endogenous retrovirus is a sequence of viral DNA that has been incorporated into an animal's genome and is then passed down the generations along with the rest of its DNA.
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This idea was the root of endogenous growth theory, which emphasizes that you can get more new, useful ideas by investing more in finding them, like funding research and development initiatives.
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This morning, the Nobel Prize for economics was awarded to Yale University climate economist William Nordhaus and to New York University's Paul Romer, for his work on endogenous growth theory (CNN).
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"Even after symptoms have resolved, the long-term exposure to endogenous ethanol can result in addiction to and cravings for alcohol with subsequent drinking," reads one academic analysis of auto-brewery syndrome.
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"It's an endogenous boost of your natural levels of growth hormone, unlike GH injection or excessive use of some sort of GH precursor like colostrum or lots and lots of dairy," he says.
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Xyosted has been approved in three dosage strengths - 50 mg, 75 mg and 100 mg - and is indicated for testosterone replacement therapy in adult males with a deficiency or absence of endogenous testosterone.
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"Admittedly, handicapping the ramifications of trade protectionism is very difficult, as are geopolitical risks, but the endogenous trends are more sanguine even as housing and autos face challenges from higher interest rates," Levkovich said.
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"There is some recent research showing orgasm to release endogenous cannabinoids—naturally occurring in the human body regardless of cannabis use," says Matthew Johnson, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Johns Hopkins University.
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What you might not realize, however, is that this remarkable attribute of weed stems from the fact that the human body actually produces its own "endogenous" cannabinoids (chemicals otherwise unique to the cannabis plant).
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" Unlike substitution between factors of production, logistic technology substitution is "intrinsically dynamic and largely irreversible," driven mainly by "endogenous cost reductions and market growth of new technological systems as they displace older, incumbent industries.
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Romer is responsible for developing what is now known as "endogenous growth theory," which suggests that economic growth is generated within a system due to internal factors, such as new technology and improvements to efficiency.
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Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael Young are, between them, responsible for working out how the endogenous clocks of fruit flies—and, by extension, of other organisms—run what is known as the circadian rhythm.
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Timmermann tells me that endogenous DMT has been found in the human body, in the lungs and in cerebrospinal fluid, but it's still unclear today whether enough of it is produced to create an NDE.
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Once termed "endogenous depression" as it seemed to come from "within" rather than being caused by external stressors, episodes are generally more severe and persistent than would be expected from depression caused by environmental stressors.
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But it turns out there's a "decreased endogenous glucose production" after drinking alcohol, a fancy way of saying that my body wasn't making as much blood sugar in reaction to the alcohol in my system.
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"As endogenous factors have driven the bounce-back of the euro, we are still away from over-valuation territory, especially as the euro is still trading close to its historic average versus the dollar," he said.
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Now, through Endogenous Error Terms, a relatively straightforward but compelling photography-based project, the German artist Mischa Leinkauf has literally brought to light a vivid record of such subterranean places in several cities around the world.
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Though Huntington's claim is that this cycle largely follows its own internal, endogenous logic (moralism –> cynicism –> complacency –> hypocrisy –> moralism), he does note a few external factors that periods of creedal passion politics tend to have in common.
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Decades later, economists incorporated this idea into sophisticated theories of "endogenous growth," which have a country's rate of economic growth depending on internal policies that promote innovation and education — the very forces that Professor Arrow's writings anticipated.
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While endorphins of course contribute to the runner's high, exercise also increases the body's amount of anandamide, an endogenous "bliss" chemical, or naturally occurring cannabinoid that plays a role in human behavior, eating, sleep, and pain relief.
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This endogenous system of cannabinoid receptor cells was only discovered in the 1980s, but has played a vital role in medical research ever since, according to the study authors from institutions including ShanghaiTech University and Northeastern University.
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"It's not just a distraction — it's like an endogenous narcotic providing a physiological and chemical burst that causes you to feel good," said Jeffrey I. Gold, director of the pediatric pain management clinic at Children's Hospital Los Angeles.
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Romer, of New York University's Stern School of Business, has shown how economic forces govern the willingness of firms to produce new ideas and innovations, laying the foundations for a new model for development, known as endogenous growth theory.
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"It was long thought they were just junk DNA," said Shawn L. Chavez, a molecular biologist at the Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine in Portland, who wrote a review of research on endogenous retroviruses in mammals.
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Researchers used to think that preterm labor could be triggered by contractions caused by prostaglandins in semen or endogenous prostaglandins released from stimulation of the cervix, Proudfit says; but there aren't enough data to prove that sexual intercourse induces preterm labor.
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MMTers go beyond endogenous money theory, however, and argue that government should never have to default so long as it's sovereign in its currency: that is, so long as it issues and controls the kind of money it taxes and spends.
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Mr Romer, who currently teaches at New York University, is known for his work in endogenous growth theory and for developing the notion of "charter cities", encouraging poor countries to create urban centres that can experiment with economic and political reforms.
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"Individuals show no detectable change in productivity during hot streaks, despite the fact that their outputs during the period are significantly better than typical, suggesting an endogenous [internal] shift in individual creativity when a hot streak occurs," the study states.
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He put forth the idea that NDEs might be caused by an endogenous version of DMT (meaning one generated by the human body) that's released when a person is close to dying, which would explain why taking DMT would produce a similar experience.
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In a 1968 article in The British Medical Journal, Dr. Carroll announced that when the test was administered to people with the severest species of depression — a paralyzing gloom then called melancholia, or endogenous depression — their bodies were shown to have trouble suppressing the hormone.
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Why they did it: Pig organs are good candidates for human transplants because they're a similar size to humans and pigs are easy to farm, but until recently full organ transplants have been too dangerous: pigs have a virus, porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), incorporated into their genome.
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While different states each have their own version of these transition care bans, many of them share anti-trans language, such as "the biological state of being female or male based on sex organs, chromosomes, and endogenous hormone profiles" to describe an individual's sex and gender.
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He explained his approach this way:"We tend to build positions where we like the endogenous integrity of the business model and the management team, but there's some sort of exogenous uncertainty, and that gives us the window buy into," he said in an exclusive interview with Business Insider.
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The endogenous fragmentation of the Persian Gulf, then, has been exploited and crystallized by the heavy presence of an external superpower—the United States—that, after the 1979 Revolution in Iran and the trauma of the subsequent hostage crisis, has abandoned its "Twin Pillars" policy, firmly siding with Riyadh and the Gulf Arab sheikhdoms.
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"The thing that's really important about Paul's contribution for the World Bank Group is that he developed this endogenous theory of growth and the notion is that you really have got to invest internally including in your people, skills and education to really come up with some of the technological innovations that will drive growth," Kim added.
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