There were silks and belted harness prints and Swarovski encrustations, like glorious barnacles, on bluejeans and denim skirts.
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The Church of All Worlds remains a flourishing concern, having acquired many neo-pagan encrustations over the years, including Celtic Shamanism and Wiccan lore.
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The small stuff—style, scale, façade, signs of life, the richness of decorative detail, variety rather than uniformity, the encrustations of ornament—counts big.
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When it got hotter, we'd change out of our work clothes, which were heavy and mottled with various encrustations, and get out for a bit, before painting lines on yesterday's sealed surfaces.
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Pauli Jokinen, a meteorologist with the Finnish Meteorological Institute, said in an email that variations in wind direction and speed effectively sculpt the encrustations over time, usually creating rounded, pronounced formations, he said.
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It was carefully cleaned to avoid damaging the surface, with "a splash of water and some wooden picks" used to remove encrustations from its days as a fountain feature, Mr. Barnfield said in a telephone interview.
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The "nude dress" was a long gown (in recent years, long gowns have been admitted into Yuja's concert-clothes closet, but they have to be slinky) made of body-stocking fabric with sparkling encrustations at bosom and stomach and a long swishing skirt.
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The fluffy subject of his "Untitled (HDY 203)" (ink on paper, 2015) resembles some kind of bulbous plant slowly opening its protective husk to reveal an exotic, scaly core, while the jewel-like encrustations at the heart of "Untitled (HDY 0315)" (ink on paper, 2015) appear to swipe at the heavens with a right hook — or spill out from a tornado's blustery cone.
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When even Jeremy Scott, erstwhile joker of fashion, chooses not to celebrate his 20th anniversary with an all-out blast of crazy spray streamers, but rather simply wink at his past with camo and cartoons, silver sweats that will go to the ball, and rock-chick dresses made out of exactly that (strategically placed encrustations of big crystal rock), it's an acknowledgment of the complexity of the situation.
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As a poet, despite his call for what he described as abandonment of "Swinburnian encrustations," at times his writing verges on the verbose narrative stylings of the fin de siècle writers: Had gone to watch the pale blue ivy climb above steel graves of those who perished for the then so unrestricted huge idea— And THERE—the master of the house was seen—ALONE— making notes, with whispers on the side, of all the spoons his far respected guests with gentleness had lifted in their moments of ineffable simplicity, with jasmine hands to keep swift hounds from tracking royal bijoux to those shadows where deep pansies take another purple for their thought.
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It forms encrustations, crust-like aggregates on matrix. The specific gravity of Kankite is 2.70.
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Zippeite is a hydrous potassium uranium sulfate mineral with formula: K4(UO2)6(SO4)3(OH)10·4(H2O). It forms yellow to reddish brown monoclinic- prismatic crystals with perfect cleavage. The typical form is as encrustations and pulverulent earthy masses. It forms as efflorescent encrustations in underground uranium mines.
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Myxilla is a genus of demosponge belonging to the family Myxillidae. These sponges usually form encrustations on rock surfaces.
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Syngenite is an uncommon potassium calcium sulfate mineral with formula K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O. It forms as prismatic monoclinic crystals and as encrustations.
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Weeksite is visually similar to other uranium minerals such as carnotite and zippeite, both being encrustations that form on other rocks (usually sandstones or limestones).
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Chalcanthite was noted in several locations within the mine on this tour, with thick encrustations of bladed crystals in many of the older drifts and stopes.
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Later lakes include Lake Tauca and Lake Coipasa. As early as 1861 there are reports that lake deposits exist on the Altiplano. John B. Minchin in 1882 reported the existence of encrustations around Lake Poopo and the salars south of Coipasa. He postulated a lake with a surface area of left these encrustations and that the nitrate deposits in the Atacama and Tarapaca were likewise formed by water draining for this lake.
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Hydrobiologia 560:373-384. Additionally, M. membranacea also affects photosynthetic processes in kelp, since their encrustations may result in reduced concentrations of the primary and accessory pigments in the kelp blade tissue.
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Rodalquilarite is a rare iron tellurite chloride mineral with formula H3Fe3+2(Te4+O3)4Cl or Fe2(TeO2OH)3(TeO3)Cl. Rodalquilarite crystallizes in the triclinic system and typically occurs as stout green prisms and encrustations.
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Biscogniauxia nummularia is a plant pathogen in the family Xylariaceae, known as the beech tarcrust. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin "nummus" meaning a coin, referring to the often rounded and coin-like encrustations.
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The yellow deposits and encrustations noticeable in the crater and its vicinity are iron salts, according to chemical analysis. A slight smell of sulfur was perceptible at the volcano, which came from the gases that escaped from the crater.
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Male Platichthys have been found up to off the coast of northern Sardinia, sometimes with heavy encrustations of various species of barnacle. Fluke, a type of flounder, are being farm raised in open water by Mariculture Technologies in Greenport, New York.
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Parsonsite is a lead uranium phosphate mineral with chemical formula: Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2·2H2O. Parsonsite contains about 45% lead and 25% uranium. It forms elongated lathlike pseudo monoclinic crystals, radial spherulites, encrustations and powdery aggregates. It is of a light yellow colour.
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But if form criticism embodies an > essential insight, it will continue. ... Two elements embody this insight > and give it its value: concern for the nature of the text and for its shape > and structure. ... If the encrustations can be scraped away, the "good > stuff" may still be there.
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Valleriite is an uncommon sulfide mineral (hydroxysulfide) of iron and copper with formula: 4(Fe,Cu)S·3(Mg,Al)(OH)2 or (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6. It is an opaque, soft, bronze-yellow to brown mineral which occurs as nodules or encrustations.
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Hellyerite, NiCO3·6(H2O), is an hydrated nickel carbonate mineral. It is light blue to bright green in colour, has a hardness of 2.5, a vitreous luster, a white streak and crystallises in the monoclinic system. The crystal habit is as platy and mammillary encrustations on its matrix.
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Morphology of this species can be quite variable. Colonies may be any combination of encrustations, plates, knobs, and branches. Montipora dilatata is a glabro-favoleate type that is characterized by a very smooth surface. Colonies are usually purple or brown and reach 3 feet (1 m) in diameter.
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Archerite is a phosphate mineral with chemical formula (K,NH4)H2PO4. It's named after Michael Archer (born 25 March 1945), professor of Biology, University of New South Wales. Its type locality is Petrogale Cave, Madura Roadhouse, Dundas Shire, Western Australia. It occurs in guano containing caves as wall encrustations and stalactites.
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Liebigite, like some other uranium minerals, is fluorescent under UV light and is also translucent. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, but only rarely forms distinct crystals. It typically forms encrustations or granular aggregates. It was first described in 1848 for an occurrence in Adrianople, Edirne Province, Marmara Region, Turkey.
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Weeksite was first described in 1960 for an occurrence on Topaz Mountain, Thomas Range, Juab County, Utah. Weeksite occurs within small "opal" veins within rhyolite and agglomerates, and as encrustations in sandstones and limestones. It occurs associated with opal, chalcedony, calcite, gypsum, fluorite, uraninite, thorogummite, uranophane, boltwoodite, carnotite and margaritasite.
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Otavite is a rare cadmium carbonate mineral with the formula CdCO3. Otavite crystallizes in the trigonal system and forms encrustations and small scalenohedral crystals that have a pearly to adamantine luster. The color is white to reddish to yellow brown. Its Mohs hardness is 3.5 to 4 and the specific gravity is 5.04.
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Sharp, 44. He notes, however, that in this case he added rich materials and ornaments to please the queen.De l'Orme recorded that Catherine told him "to make several encrustations of different kinds of marble, gilded bronze and of minerals, like marcassites" on both the inside and the outside of the building. Knecht, 228.
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Clathrina coriacea is a species of calcareous sponge belonging to the family Clathrinidae. This species occurs as flat white or yellow encrustations up to 3 cm in diameter with a central osculum. Close inspection reveals a tightly- knit latticework of tubes. The spicules are all of a similar shape, three- rayed triactines.
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Zaratite is a bright emerald green nickel carbonate mineral with formula Ni3CO3(OH)4·4H2O. Zaratite crystallizes in the isometric crystal system as massive to mammillary encrustations and vein fillings. It has a specific gravity of 2.6 and a Mohs hardness of 3 to 3.5. It has no cleavage and is brittle to conchoidal fracture.
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Artinite is a hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral with formula: Mg2(CO3)(OH)2·3H2O. It forms white silky monoclinic prismatic crystals that are often in radial arrays or encrustations. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 and a specific gravity of 2. It occurs in low-temperature hydrothermal veins and in serpentinized ultramafic rocks.
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Niedermayrite is a rare hydrated copper cadmium sulfate hydroxide mineral with formula: Cu4Cd(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and occurs as encrustations and well formed vitreous blue-green prismatic crystals. It has a specific gravity of 3.36. Niedermayrite was named for Gerhard Niedermayr (born 1941), an Austrian mineralogist.
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Epsomite is a hydrous magnesium sulfate mineral with formula MgSO4·7H2O. Epsomite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system as rarely found acicular or fibrous crystals, the normal form is as massive encrustations. It is colorless to white with tints of yellow, green and pink. The Mohs hardness is 2 to 2.5 and it has a low specific gravity of 1.67.
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Siderotil is an iron(II) sulfate hydrate mineral with formula: FeSO4·5H2O which forms by the dehydration of melanterite.Mindat.org Copper commonly occurs substituting for iron in the structure. It typically occurs as fibrous or powdery encrustations, but may also occur as acicular triclinic crystals. It was first described in 1891 for an occurrence in the Idrija Mine, Idrija, Slovenia.
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Halite crystals form very quickly in some rapidly evaporating lakes resulting in modern artifacts with a coating or encrustation of halite crystals. Halite flowers are rare stalactites of curling fibers of halite that are found in certain arid caves of Australia's Nullarbor Plain. Halite stalactites and encrustations are also reported in the Quincy native copper mine of Hancock, Michigan.
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Thermonatrite is a naturally occurring evaporite mineral form of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3·H2O.Handbook of MineralogyMindat data It was first described in 1845.Webmineral data Its name is from the Greek θερμός, "thermos", heat, plus natron, because it may be a dehydration product of natron. Typical occurrence is in dry saline lake beds and as soil encrustations.
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Lagynana is a subclass of foraminifera which comprises Astrorhizata with membranous or pseudochitinous tests that may have ferruginous encrustations or more rarely small quantities of agglutinated material. The Lagynacea Schultze, 1854, of the Allogriomiina, (Loeblich and Tappan 1964) is fairly equivalent. Genera with flagellate gametes are included in the Lagynidae, those with amoeboid gametes are included in the Allogromiidae.
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It is used as a gallery and has recent interior wall partitions to facilitate art displays. Doors and ventilation holes have been cut into the walls of the tank. Part of the early Trinity Wharf has been placed inside the tank as a sculptural feature. The fabric consists of heavy timber logs with oyster encrustations and industrial scale links and chain.
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Wardite is a hydrous sodium aluminium phosphate hydroxide mineral with formula: NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4·2(H2O). Wardite is of interest for its rare crystallography. It crystallizes in the tetragonal trapezohedral class and is one of only a few minerals in that class. Wardite forms vitreous green to bluish green to white to colorless crystals, masses, and fibrous encrustations.
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Mithraculus sculptus is a small crab with a carapace longer than it is wide and large chelae (claws). The carapace is flat, shiny and green, finely sculpted, with whitish material adhering to the projections. The chelae are also green and are spoon-shaped and tipped with white. The walking legs are rather paler in colour and are hairy and often covered with encrustations.
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Mixite is a rare copper bismuth arsenate mineral with formula: BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3(H2O). It crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system typically occurring as radiating acicular prisms and massive encrustations. The color varies from white to various shades of green and blue. It has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4 and a specific gravity of 3.8.
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Drusy crusts of tiny intergrown crystals are common, also encrustations and mammillary or botryoidal surfaces. The crystals are equant dipyramids or prisms parallel to the c crystal axis, but always microscopic. The colour is various shades of green, yellow-green, blackish brown or nearly black. Crystals often grow step by step, with the different steps or zones having different colours.
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Rutherfordine is a mineral containing almost pure uranyl carbonate (UO2CO3). It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in translucent lathlike, elongated, commonly radiating in fibrous, and in pulverulent, earthy to very fine-grained dense masses. It has a specific gravity of 5.7 and exhibits two directions of cleavage. It appears as brownish, brownish yellow, white, light brown orange, or light yellow fluorescent encrustations.
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The 1-2 × 3-6 mm shell has up to 7-8 densely coiled and rounded whorls with deep suture. The whorls are higher than wide, the lower side is almost flat, the upper side with a large umbilicus which is more than 1/3 of the shell diameter. The aperture is narrow. Shell colour is reddish horny brown, often with black or brown encrustations, finely striated.
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Greenockite is a rare cadmium bearing metal sulfide mineral consisting of cadmium sulfide (CdS) in crystalline form. Greenockite crystallizes in the hexagonal system. It occurs as massive encrustations and as hemimorphic six- sided pyramidal crystals which vary in color from a honey yellow through shades of red to brown. The Mohs hardness is 3 to 3.5 and the specific gravity is 4.8 to 4.9.
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One thousand eight hundred and fifteen earthenware pot sherds were recovered from the excavation. Most of them were undisturbed, but some have developed cracks and encrustations due to calcium carbonate. It is possible that calcium carbonate was deposited by water seeping through the sediments. None of the vessels were completely symmetrical, it is likely that the vessels were constructed using a paddle and anvil.
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Boreostereum is a genus of corticioid fungi. The genus was circumscribed in 1968 by Erast Parmasto to contain the type species, which was formerly known as Stereum radiatum. Boreostereum has four species that are widely distributed in northern temperate areas. Species in the genus have a dimitic hyphal system, and the hyphae have with brown encrustations that turn greenish when potassium hydroxide is applied.
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The pleurocystidia (cystidia on the gill face) are 57.4–92.6 by 9.4–17.4 µm, spindle-shaped, moderately frequent, and extend beyond the surface of the hymenium. They have thin, hyaline walls, and are colored the same as the hymenium, without any crystals or encrustations. The cheilocystidia (cystidia on the gill edge), which measure 50.6–75.1 by 12.2–16.1 µm, are more abundant than the cheilocystidia, but otherwise share the same characteristics.
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Epsomite forms as encrustations or efflorescences on limestone cavern walls and mine timbers and walls, rarely as volcanic fumarole deposits, and as rare beds in evaporite layers such as those found in certain bodies of salt water. It was first systematically described in 1806 for an occurrence near Epsom, Surrey, England, after which it was named. It occurs in association with melanterite, gypsum, halotrichite, pickeringite, alunogen, rozenite and mirabilite.
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This work covers an aspect of Aztec history for the first time and is also noted for the use of metallic encrustations on the necklaces worn by Aztec lords. The northern wall contains a work called The Festivities of the Lord of Chalma by Fernando Leal. The work is noted for its use of bright color on the dancers and is considered a notable example of Neo-Baroque style.
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Niter is a colorless to white mineral crystallizing in the orthorhombic crystal system. It usually is found as massive encrustations and efflorescent growths on cavern walls and ceilings where solutions containing alkali potassium and nitrate seep into the openings. It occasionally occurs as prismatic acicular crystal groups, and individual crystals commonly show twinning. Niter and other nitrates can also form in association with deposits of guano and similar organic materials.
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At its foot the seamount is wide. The crust underneath the seamount is 75-95 million years old and is thickened, perhaps by the seamount's lava flows. A cap of limestones lies on Capricorn Seamount; its thickness is unknown. Dredging has yielded pelagic ooze containing abyssal clay, basaltic breccia, dark pumice, dead corals, fecal pellets, fossils of foraminifera, gastropods and pteropods, limestones with brown manganese dioxide encrustations, otoliths and sand.
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The overall form is determined largely by the habitat: wave-exposed forms usually form thin widespread sheets but wave-sheltered forms often form massive encrustations up to 20 cm thick. This diversity has led to its being described as a new species 56 times (see below). The colour is also variable. The "natural" colour is cream or grey: this is usually found in specimens from relatively deep water.
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It crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system as equant, distorted prisms with trigonal pyramid terminations.Handbook of Mineralogy It occurs as rare fracture and cavity encrustations within schists derived from sedimentary rocks. Associated minerals include quartz, potassium feldspar, muscovite, schorl, riebeckite and magnesite. Discovered at the San Francisco mine, near Villa Tunari (in Alto Chapare), Bolivia, in 1976, originally it was called ferridravite, for the composition and the assumed relationship to dravite, i.e.
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Rhizoliths are root systems that have been encased in mineral matter. Rhizoliths are created through processes of chemical weathering, decomposition, reprecipitation and cementation. Rhizoliths are formed through the transport of dissolved Ca2+ and HCO3− enhancing the CaCO3 precipitation in a diameter of up to several centimeters around the roots. This is possible on calcareous sediments, where high amounts of Ca2+ in the rhizosphere can lead to the formation of encrustations around roots termed rhizoliths.
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Initially cavities formed in the rocks, and some of these were then lined with quartz and sphalerite crystals followed by fluorite. Galena also formed at this time, and later on the barium and carbonate minerals formed. Baryte was the first barium mineral to form, as a primary mineral in slabs up to 10 cm across of irregularly layered crystalline material. Secondary baryte occurred later, typically as encrustations of minute diamond-shaped crystals on earlier minerals.
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Large ceramic vessels are cleaned with a delicate vacuum cleaner with a soft, muslin-covered head. Picking and cutting is used when there is hardened dirt, encrustations, or old restoration materials closely adhering to the surface. Needles, sharp scalpels, other custom made tools, usually made from wood, and electric vibrotools are used. The dangers with these tools are the increase potential for scratches, gouges, cracking, and breaking of the object due to pressure.
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Inocybe lacera has thick-walled, fusiform cystidia, which have apical encrustations. It has a brown spore print, while the subcylindrical spores are smooth, typically measuring 11 to 15 by 4.5 to 6 µm in size. I. lacera is one of a small group of related species with particularly long, cylindrical spores, the others of which can typically be found on sand dunes. The spore shape is more typical of species from the order Boletales.
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The history of gujeolpan dates back as early as the 14th century, and has become closely associated with the Joseon royalty. The octagonal dish itself can be made of wood or plastic and is divided into eight side sections and one center section, to resemble a flower. It also can include elaborate carvings, gem encrustations and detailed drawings. Original royal gujeolpan dish platters can be observed in museums as featured artifacts in royal table setting reconstructions.
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It is remarkable for the depictions of laureled skulls over the façade entrance and other death imagery. In this it has some of the morbid encrustations also seen in the Roman church of the Capuchins. Its charity was, and still is, supported by the Arciconfraternita di Santa Maria dell'Orazione e Morte, a purgatorial society dating to the 1560s. Burials were performed in their cemetery, once sited on the banks of the Tiber adjacent to the church.
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Finally, the mixing of magma chamber contents with new and more mafic magma shortly before each eruption played an important role in rock genesis. In the case of Lastarria, this mixing occurs in a stratified magma chamber, with active convection occurring between lighter and colder upper contents and hotter and denser lower contents. A number of alteration products are also present, some of which have been visualized by aerial imagery. Fumarole deposits contain encrustations and sublimates.
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The morphology of Millepora alcicornis is very variable. Most colonies probably start as encrusting forms and adopt a branching structure as they grow. The encrustations can become established on a variety of structures, not only on coral reefs and rocks but also on dead corals and the hulls of wrecked ships. Later development is in the form of plates or blades in habitats with much water movement such as the surf-pounded outer edges of reefs.
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Early studies were reported by Thomas McKenny Hughes, in Devon, and R. Etheridge in Australia. A study of the taphonomy of silicified fossils (especially brachiopods) in Devon concluded beekite resulted from the aerobic decomposition of organic matter in an environment with a limited supply of silica during early diagenesis. Elsewhere, beekite has been compared to silcrete, indicating a break in sedimentation, where it occurs as encrustations on clasts of carbonate rock in the Palaeocene alluvial fan deposits of central Anatolia.
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Brushite was first described in 1865 for an occurrence on Aves Island, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, and named for the American mineralogist George Jarvis Brush (1831–1912). It is believed to be a precursor of apatite and is found in guano-rich caves, formed by the interaction of guano with calcite and clay at a low pH. It occurs in phosphorite deposits and forms encrustations on old bones. It may result from runoff of fields which have received heavy fertilizer applications.
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The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologists František Kotlába and Zdeněk Pouzar in 1958 with Skeletocutis amorpha (originally described as Polyporus amorphus by Elias Magnus Fries in 1815) as the type and only species. The generic name Skeletocutis is derived from the Ancient Greek word (skeleto, "dried up") and the Latin word cutis ("skin"). Other genera that feature encrustations in the hyphae of the dissepiment edges include Tyromyces and Piloporia. Molecular analyses has shown the close phylogenetic relationship between Skeletocutis and Tyromyces.
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Giotto's bell tower seen from the top of the Duomo. View from the tower. Giotto's Campanile (, also , ) is a free-standing campanile that is part of the complex of buildings that make up Florence Cathedral on the Piazza del Duomo in Florence, Italy. Standing adjacent to the Basilica of Santa Maria del Fiore and the Baptistry of St. John, the tower is one of the showpieces of Florentine Gothic architecture with its design by Giotto, its rich sculptural decorations and its polychrome marble encrustations.
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The hot springs emanate from the termination of the Palm Tree fault, where it meets the Salt Cedar fault zone. The spring discharge is abundant and includes gypsum encrustations and a carbonate spring mound. This fault zone is significant, as it is the area where there are significant changes in the isotopic and chemical make up of the groundwater discharged in the springs. The hike to the hot springs is difficult and may require technical equipment such as ropes and ascending and descending gear.
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Tartrate crystals on a cork In wine, tartrates are the harmless crystalline deposits that separate from wines during fermentation and aging. The principal component of this deposit is potassium bitartrate, a potassium salt of tartaric acid. Small amounts of pulp debris, dead yeast, and precipitated phenolic materials such as tannins make up the impurities contaminating the potassium acid tartrate. The wine industry is the only source of commercial tartrates, and the crystalline encrustations left inside fermentation vessels are regularly scraped off and purified for commercial use.
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Honey yellow Challacolloite crystals from the famous locality of La Fossa Crater (Vulcano Island, Aeolian Islands, Sicily, Italy) Challacolloite, KPb2Cl5, is a rare halide mineral. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and occurs as white fumarolic encrustations on lava. It occurs as intergrowths with cotunnite.Webmineral It was first described from a finding at the Challacollo Mine, Iquique, Chile and thereafter identified in specimens from the 1855 Mount Vesuvius eruption and from the Kudryavyi volcano in the Kuriles and also from the Satsuma-Iwojima volcano in Japan.
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The hammer is now an exhibit in Baugh's Creation Evidence Museum, which sells replicas of it to visitors. Other observers have noted that the hammer is stylistically consistent with typical American tools manufactured in the region in the late 1800s. Its design is consistent with a miner's hammer. One possible explanation for the rock containing the artifact is that the highly soluble minerals in the ancient limestone may have formed a concretion around the object, via a common process (like that of a petrifying well) which often creates similar encrustations around fossils and other nuclei.
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The imposex phenomenon has been observed in the veined rapa whelk in Chesapeake Bay. Imposex is characterized by the development of masculine sexual organs in female individuals as a consequence of exposure to organic tin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT). Such compounds are biocide and antifouling agents, commonly mixed in paints to prevent marine encrustations on boats and ships. For this reason, it is not uncommon for high concentrations of such compounds to be present in the sea water near shipyards and docking areas, consequently exposing the nearby marine life to its possibly harmful effects.
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Annabergite is an arsenate mineral consisting of a hydrous nickel arsenate, Ni3(AsO4)2·8H2O, crystallizing in the monoclinic system and isomorphous with vivianite and erythrite. Crystals are minute and capillary and rarely met with, the mineral occurring usually as soft earthy masses and encrustations. A fine apple-green color is its characteristic feature. It was long known (since 1758) under the name nickel bloom; the name annabergite was proposed by H. J. Brooke and W H. Miller in 1852, from Annaberg in Saxony, one of the localities of the mineral.
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Its contents have been well maintained and expertly conserved where required. Since the earthquake repairs, however, the east wall of the cathedral around the stained glass windows has again been deteriorating both inside and out: mortar used to re-point the brick joints during the post-earthquake strengthening is falling out on the outside. On the inside the stone work is fretting badly and there are salt encrustations on the surface. Evidence of earlier repairs pre-dating those undertaken during restoration after the earthquake indicates that this is a recurring problem.
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The maximum shell length of this species is up to 12 cm, but it more commonly grows up to about 9 cm. The shell of Haliotis asinina has a distinctly elongated contour, in clear resemblance to a donkey ear, hence the common name. Its outer surface is smooth and almost totally covered by the mantle in life, making encrustations of other animals (such as barnacles) quite uncommon in comparison to other abalones. The shell of H. asinina presents 5 to 7 ovate open holes on the left side of the body whorl.
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Sabellaria alveolata occurs on the bottom third or so of the intertidal zone and in the shallow subtidal zone. The worms construct different types of structures depending on the conditions. Where it occurs along rocky shorelines among bladderwrack then the agglomeration of tubes vary from thin encrustations if they are present at low densities to dense hummocks and mounds where there is a high density. The tubes are built from shell fragments or sand and are used to protect the worm from predators and can be repaired if damaged near the entrance.
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Natron is also the mineralogical name for the compound sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3·10H2O), which is the main component in historical natron.webmineral.com, "Natron", retrieved 5 July 2008 Sodium carbonate decahydrate has a specific gravity of 1.42 to 1.47 and a Mohs hardness of 1. It crystallizes in the monoclinic-domatic crystal system, typically forming efflorescences and encrustations. The term hydrated sodium carbonate is commonly used to encompass the monohydrate (Na2CO3·H2O), the decahydrate and the heptahydrate (Na2CO3·7H2O), but is often used in industry to refer to the decahydrate only.
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The imposex phenomenon has been observed in the Voluta ebraea. The development of masculine sexual organs in the females exposed to organic tin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT), may have several negative consequences for entire populations of this species, from sterilization of individuals to the complete extinction of those populations. Such compounds are biocide and antifouling agents, commonly mixed in paints to prevent marine encrustations on boats and ships. Therefore, it is not uncommon for high concentrations of such compounds to be present in the sea water near shipyards and docking areas, consequently exposing the nearby marine life to its deleterious effects.
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Archaeological discoveries at Tell Judaidah included crucibles with tin rich copper encrustations, indicating a very early use of advanced metallurgical techniques around 4500 BC, including the use of metal alloys.Nancy H. Demand, The Mediterranean Context of Early Greek History, 2011. Excavations in 1995 revealed the remains of a thick (1.5 m) wall of mud bricks on stone foundations, dating to the fourth millennium BC. Very early bronze statuettes were discovered here dating to the period of 3400-2750 BC. These are known as 'Amuq G figurines'. 'Wheel-made Plain Simple Ware' was also discovered dating to the same Amuq G period.
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Steno's work on shark teeth led him to the question of how any solid object could come to be found inside another solid object, such as a rock or a layer of rock. The "solid bodies within solids" that attracted Steno's interest included not only fossils, as we would define them today, but minerals, crystals, encrustations, veins, and even entire rock layers or strata. He published his geologic studies in De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus, or Preliminary discourse to a dissertation on a solid body naturally contained within a solid in 1669. This book was his last scientific work of note.
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A simple white stone and marble rectangular shell surrounds the original building that contains the image. It was Bramante who had handed in the original designs for the shrine at Loreto but had had very little to do with it after that, the job having been taken on by the great medal designer Gian Cristoforo Romano, Andrea Sansovino and Antonio da Sangallo the Younger. It is a good example of High Renaissance Architecture, combining the elegance and simplicity of the classical lines and motifs with rich encrustations of statues and other decoration. The basic design of the Santa Casa resonates in the chiesetta at Macereto.
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Kambaldaite, NaNi4(CO3)3(OH)3·3H2O, is an extremely rare hydrated sodium nickel carbonate mineral described from gossanous material associated with Kambalda type komatiitic nickel ore deposits at Kambalda, Western Australia, and Widgie Townsite nickel gossan, Widgiemooltha, Western Australia. Kambaldaite crystallises in the hexagonal system, is light green to blue and forms drusy to mammillated encrustations on the matrix. Kambaldaite was first described in 1985 from the gossan of the Otter Shoot nickel orebody, Kambalda, during mining of the gossanous material. Kambaldaite, though in lesser and rarer amount, is also found in the Widgiemooltha nickel gossans, probably discovered there in the early to mid 1990s.
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The reaction to the painting was not as Hunt expected. In his autobiography Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, Hunt relates the first reaction to the painting by art dealer Ernest Gambart: Dante Gabriel Rossetti, in a letter to William Allingham in 1856, called the painting "a grand thing, but not for the public". Ford Madox Brown wrote in his diary: "Hunt's Scapegoat requires to be seen to be believed in. Only then can it be understood how, by the might of genius, out of an old goat, and some saline encrustations, can be made one of the most tragic and impressive works in the annals of art.".
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From the 4th century onwards, the aqueduct's maintenance was neglected as successive waves of invaders disrupted the region. It became clogged with debris, encrustations and plant roots, greatly reducing the flow of the water. The resulting deposits in the conduit, consisting of layers of dirt and organic material, are up to thick on each wall. An analysis of the deposits originally suggested that it had continued to supply water to Nîmes until as late as the 9th century, but more recent investigations suggest that it had gone out of use by about the sixth century, though parts of it may have continued to be used for significantly longer.
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Zabriskie describes this collection as "build[ing] gritty encrustations over rudimentary patterns and shapes...result[ing] in a friction between the particular and the universal". Some paintings included in this exhibition were Into the Garden (2003), Situation (2002), Following From (2002), and What Follows (2003). What Follows, in particular, has been described as "a soft, dusty mist vibrat[ing] through the space...almost impossibly, shift[ing] on occasion into liquid, giving buoyancy to the dot-filled oval and the circles in its field". A 50th anniversary exhibition of her first show at Zabriskie and the start of her relationship with dealer Virginia Zabriskie was held 2005.
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The silted, rocky slopes in the inner areas of the loch support encrustations of algae and ascidians, giving way to more mixed muddier sediments in shallower waters. Notable species recorded during underwater surveys of the loch include the holothurian Holothuria forskali, also known as the sea spinner, a species typical of more southerly British waters which occurs sporadically in western Scottish waters. Another interesting species recorded is the starfish Stichastrella rosea which is more typical of the northern British coastal waters and is infrequently recorded from exposed western coastal waters. Other wildlife which may be seen around the loch include red deer, grey seal, European otter, white-tailed eagle and grey heron.
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Absence of dissolved chlorides and oxygen in the soil means buried objects may not be affected while interred (similarly, lack of soluble salts and oxygen means that buried metals may not develop a patina or that oxidation of the metal may be reversed). When an artefact is recovered, surface encrustations may hide and/or protect bronze disease. Chlorides may occur in or on the metal due to contamination from soil, water (especially seawater), the atmosphere, human sweat, or be present as impurities when the object was created. In many cases chlorides may be present within the interior of the artefact; the disease may reoccur if not isolated from water and/or oxygen.
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The rediscovery of the Nepōhualtzintzin was due to the Mexican engineer David Esparza Hidalgo, who in his wanderings throughout Mexico found diverse engravings and paintings of this instrument and reconstructed several of them made in gold, jade, encrustations of shell, etc. There have also been found very old Nepōhualtzintzin attributed to the Olmec culture, and even some bracelets of Mayan origin, as well as a diversity of forms and materials in other cultures. George I. Sanchez, "Arithmetic in Maya", Austin-Texas, 1961 found another base 5, base 4 abacus in the Yucatán Peninsula that also computed calendar data. This was a finger abacus, on one hand 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 were used; and on the other hand 0, 1, 2 and 3 were used.
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Displays cover Great Lakes shipping since 1678; artifacts and exhibits include ship's models and engines, relics and instruments of lake vessels under both sail and steam, the drydock pumps and engine room of the original factory, glass and china salvaged from Great Lakes shipwrecks, ship's bells, anchors, binnacles, navigational instruments and equipment, a gallery of artistic paintings about the sea and the history of the Calvin and Son shipyard which once employed 700 workers misidentifies Garden Island as "Green Island". on Garden Island. The museum has photographed historic shipwrecks at risk of being hidden by encrustations of zebra mussels which infested the Great Lakes in the 1990s. Archaeological exhibits commemorating the War of 1812 on the Great Lakes were added for that war's bicentennial.
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The constructions were made during the cold MIS6 period, but calcite flows on the surface of the main ring are similar in age to the structures, showing that in spite of the generally glacial conditions, the climate was then warm and humid enough to allow calcite deposition. The researchers suggest that the constructions may date to a warm phase in the cold period. However, Chris Stringer suggests that the cave may have provided a temporary refuge from the arctic conditions, and evidence of occupation may be found under unexcavated sediments or later calcitic encrustations. Deep karst is a difficult environment, and before the discovery of Bruniquel, Neanderthal constructions in caves beyond the distance exposed to daylight, and thus requiring artificial lighting, were completely unknown.
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Amundsen wrote in his notebook that at 02:20 in the morning they were at the North Pole, 200 metres high with a temperature of . Relations between Amundsen and Nobile, which had never been very friendly, were further strained by the freezing and noisy conditions in the dirigible's cramped control car, and became even worse when Amundsen saw that the Italian flag dropped was larger than either of the others. Amundsen later recalled with scorn that under Nobile, the Norge had become "a circus wagon of the skies".Kumpch 1996: "Zirkuswagen am Himmel" After crossing the pole, ice encrustations kept growing on the airship's propellors to such an extent that pieces breaking and flying off would strike the outer cover, causing rips and tears in the fabric.
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The cap cuticle is made of a thin physalo-palisadoderm—a type of tissue where the ends of the hyphae reach the same length and form a palisade of cells; these short anticlinal hyphae are 20–40 by 5–8 µm, and support one or two inflated, brownish, spherical to spheropedunculate (somewhat spherical with a stem) terminal elements that are 25–45 µm wide, non-amyloid, thin-walled, and do not have any encrustations. The cuticle of the stem is made of smooth parallel hyphae. The squamules on the cap surface have a physalo-palisadodermic arrangement made of short anticlinal hyphae that support elongated inflated elements of 15–30 by 10–15 µm and some scattered basidia. The flesh is made of hyaline, thin-walled hyphae, measuring 10–15 µm wide, and organized in a parallel fashion.
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Nucleating on an empty gastropod shell, the bryozoan colonies form multilamellar skeletal crusts that produce spherical encrustations and extend the living chamber of the hermit crab through helicospiral tubular growth. Some phylactolaemate species are intermediate hosts for a group of myxozoa that have also been found to cause proliferative kidney disease, which is often fatal in salmonid fish, and has severely reduced wild fish populations in Europe and North America. Membranipora membranacea, whose colonies feed and grow exceptionally fast in a wide range of current speeds, was first noticed in the Gulf of Maine in 1987 and quickly became the most abundant organism living on kelps. This invasion reduced the kelp population by breaking their fronds, so that its place as the dominant "vegetation" in some areas was taken by another invader, the large alga Codium fragile tomentosoides.
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The results are often blindness; walking in circles or poor coordination (ataxia); dermatitis or gangrene of the ears, muzzle or nostrils; abnormal antler growth; or death.Madden, D.J., T.R. Spraker, and W.J. Adrian (1991) Elaeophora schneideri in moose (Alces alces) from Colorado. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 27(2):340-341.Pessier, A.P., V.T. Hamilton, W.J. Foreyt, S. Parish, and T.L. McElwain (1998) Probable elaeophorosis in a moose (Alces alces) from eastern Washington state. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 10(1):82-84.Adcock, J.L. and C.P. Hibler (1969) Vascular and neuro-ophthalmic pathology of elaeophorosis in elk. Pathologia Veterinaria 6(3):185-213. In the domestic sheep, Barbary sheep, bighorn sheep, goats, and sika deer, symptoms are typically dermatological, resulting from inflammatory responses to the microfilariae which accumulate under the skin of the face and ears. The resulting lesions have been described by various authors as "dermal encrustations",Jensen, L. and L. Seghetti (1955) Elaeophorosis in sheep. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 130:220-224.
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