In doing astronomical computations, the Earth is assumed to be an ellipsoid.
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From radar observations, Psyche the asteroid appears ellipsoid in shape, about as wide as Massachusetts.
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Okay, look, we can and already have gone into extreme detail on all the scientific information showing the planet is roughly spherical (more accurately, an ellipsoid).
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If the asteroid/moon/planet is rotating, it will take on the shape of an oblate ellipsoid that is flattened along the poles and bulges out at the equator.
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Amin's project, The Earth is an Imperfect Ellipsoid, employs cartographic research to examine landscape surveillance, its inherently predatory nature, and its ability to make women's bodies part of the geography.
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In the early days of diffusion imaging, the directional information was modeled using a tensor ("diffusion tensor imaging"), which represented all of the diffusion data within each voxel as a single ellipsoid.
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Planet: a sub-stellar mass body that has never undergone nuclear fusion and that has sufficient self-gravitation to assume a spheroidal shape adequately described by a triaxial ellipsoid regardless of its orbital parameters.
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Because a solitary ellipsoid can't represent the directional information of perpendicular fiber bundles (the tensor would be more like a sphere in that case), a new way of modeling diffusion data—the fiber orientation distribution—was developed.
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Rather than modeling the diffusion data as a single ellipsoid, the fiber orientation distribution (FOD, see next GIF) has multiple arms that enable it to represent multiple fiber directions within each voxel (see the progression from top to bottom in this image).
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Outer Löwner-John ellipsoid containing a set of a points in R2 In mathematics, the John ellipsoid or Löwner-John ellipsoid E(K) associated to a convex body K in n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn can refer to the n-dimensional ellipsoid of maximal volume contained within K or the ellipsoid of minimal volume that contains K. Often, the minimal volume ellipsoid is called as Löwner ellipsoid, and the maximal volume ellipsoid as the John ellipsoid (although John worked with the minimal volume ellipsoid in its original paper). One also refer to the minimal volume circumscribed ellipsoid as the outer Löwner-John ellipsoid and the maximum volume inscribed ellipsoid as the inner Löwner-John ellipsoid.
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Early literature uses the term oblate spheroid to describe a sphere "squashed at the poles". Modern literature uses the term ellipsoid of revolution in place of spheroid, although the qualifying words "of revolution" are usually dropped. An ellipsoid that is not an ellipsoid of revolution is called a triaxial ellipsoid. Spheroid and ellipsoid are used interchangeably in this article, with oblate implied if not stated.
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It also included isostatic measurements to reduce plumbline divergences. Hayfords ellipsoid did not reach the accuracy of Helmerts ellipsoid published 1906 (a = 6378 200 m ; Erdabplattung f = 1 : 298.3). It has since been replaced as the "International ellipsoid" by the newer Lucerne ellipsoid (1967), GRS 80 (1980) and WGS 84 (1984).
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The Hayford ellipsoid is a geodetic reference ellipsoid, named after the US geodesist John Fillmore Hayford (1868-1925), which was introduced in 1910. The Hayford ellipsoid was also referred to as the International ellipsoid 1924 after it had been adopted by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics IUGG in 1924, and was recommended for use all over the world. Many countries retained their previous ellipsoids. The Hayford ellipsoid is defined by its semi-major axis a = 6,378,388.000 and its flattening f = 1:297.00. Unlike some of its predecessors, such as the Bessel ellipsoid (a = 6,377,397 m, f = 1:299,15), which was a European ellipsoid, the Hayford ellipsoid also included measurements from North America, as well as other continents (to a lesser extent).
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Ellipsoidal coordinates The parametric latitude can also be extended to a three-dimensional coordinate system. For a point not on the reference ellipsoid (semi-axes and ) construct an auxiliary ellipsoid which is confocal (same foci , ) with the reference ellipsoid: the necessary condition is that the product of semi-major axis and eccentricity is the same for both ellipsoids. Let be the semi-minor axis () of the auxiliary ellipsoid. Further let be the parametric latitude of on the auxiliary ellipsoid.
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Many methods exist for determination of the axes of an Earth ellipsoid, ranging from meridian arcs up to modern satellite geodesy or the analysis and interconnection of continental geodetic networks. Amongst the different set of data used in national surveys are several of special importance: the Bessel ellipsoid of 1841, the international Hayford ellipsoid of 1924, and (for GPS positioning) the WGS84 ellipsoid.
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In geodesy, a map projection of the tri-axial ellipsoid maps Earth or some other astronomical body modeled as a tri-axial ellipsoid to the plane. Such a model is called the reference ellipsoid. In most cases, reference ellipsoids are spheroids, and sometimes spheres. Massive objects have sufficient gravity to overcome their own rigidity and usually have an oblate ellipsoid shape.
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Capsules tan to brown, 1-locular to pseudo-3-locular, ellipsoid to widely. Seeds brownish to amber, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.3--0.4 mm, not tailed.
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It is bounded, which means that it may be enclosed in a sufficiently large sphere. An ellipsoid has three pairwise perpendicular axes of symmetry which intersect at a center of symmetry, called the center of the ellipsoid. The line segments that are delimited on the axes of symmetry by the ellipsoid are called the principal axes, or simply axes of the ellipsoid. If the three axes have different lengths, the ellipsoid is said to be triaxial or rarely scalene, and the axes are uniquely defined.
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If two of the axes have the same length, then the ellipsoid is an ellipsoid of revolution, also called a spheroid. In this case, the ellipsoid is invariant under a rotation around the third axis, and there are thus infinitely many ways of choosing the two perpendicular axes of the same length. If the third axis is shorter, the ellipsoid is an oblate spheroid; if it is longer, it is a prolate spheroid. If the three axes have the same length, the ellipsoid is a sphere.
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The volume of the reference ellipsoid is , where a and b are its semimajor and semiminor axes. Using the parameters from WGS84 ellipsoid of revolution, and , .
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In 1687 Isaac Newton published the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, in which he proved that a rotating self-gravitating fluid body in equilibrium takes the form of an oblate ellipsoid. (This article uses the term ellipsoid in preference to the older term spheroid.) Newton's result was confirmed by geodetic measurements in the 18th century. (See Meridian arc.) An oblate ellipsoid is the three-dimensional surface generated by the rotation of an ellipse about its shorter axis (minor axis). "Oblate ellipsoid of revolution" is abbreviated to 'ellipsoid' in the remainder of this article.
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An iteration of the ellipsoid method In mathematical optimization, the ellipsoid method is an iterative method for minimizing convex functions. When specialized to solving feasible linear optimization problems with rational data, the ellipsoid method is an algorithm which finds an optimal solution in a finite number of steps. The ellipsoid method generates a sequence of ellipsoids whose volume uniformly decreases at every step, thus enclosing a minimizer of a convex function.
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Amanita persicina spores are white in deposit, ellipsoid to elongate, infrequently broadly ellipsoid, rarely cylindric, inamyloid, and are (8.0) 9.4–12.7 (18.0) x (5.5) 6.5–8.5 (11.1) µm.
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Artistic rendering of Haumea, a dwarf planet with triaxial ellipsoid shape. A Jacobi ellipsoid is a triaxial (i.e. scalene) ellipsoid under equilibrium which arises when a self-gravitating fluid body of uniform density rotates with a constant angular velocity. It is named after the German mathematician Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi.
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Flowers orange and cream-coloured. Stigma glabrous, sessile. Fruit ellipsoid- cylindrical, 3-6 cm long, 1.8 -3 cm thick. Seeds ellipsoid-oblong, 10-22 mm by 5-8 mm.
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The ellipsoid data published by Bessel (1841) were then the best and most modern data mapping the Earth's figure. They were used by almost all national surveys. Some surveys in Asia switched to the Clarke ellipsoid of 1880. After the arrival of the geophysical reduction techniques many projects used other examples such as the Hayford ellipsoid of 1910 which was adopted in 1924 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) as the International ellipsoid 1924.
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Although the surface of Earth is best modelled by an oblate ellipsoid of revolution, for small scale maps the ellipsoid is approximated by a sphere of radius a. Many different methods exist for calculating a. The simplest include (a) the equatorial radius of the ellipsoid, (b) the arithmetic or geometric mean of the semi-axes of the ellipsoid, and (c) the radius of the sphere having the same volume as the ellipsoid.Maling, pages 77–79.
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The standard notation for geodetic latitude is . There is no standard notation for geocentric latitude; examples include , , . Similarly, geodetic altitude is defined as the height above the ellipsoid surface, normal to the ellipsoid; whereas geocentric altitude is defined as the height above the ellipsoid surface along a line to the center of the ellipsoid (the radius). When used without qualification, the term altitude refers to geodetic altitude; as is used in aviation.
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The US geodesist Hayford derived a global ellipsoid in ~1910, based on intercontinental isostasy and an accuracy of 200 m. It was adopted by the IUGG as "international ellipsoid 1924".
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The n-vector representation (also called geodetic normal or ellipsoid normal vector) is a three-parameter non-singular representation well-suited for replacing latitude and longitude as horizontal position representation in mathematical calculations and computer algorithms. Geometrically, the n-vector for a given position on an ellipsoid is the outward-pointing unit vector that is normal in that position to the ellipsoid. For representing horizontal positions on Earth, the ellipsoid is a reference ellipsoid and the vector is decomposed in an Earth-centered Earth-fixed coordinate system. It behaves smoothly at all Earth positions, and it holds the mathematical one-to-one property.
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A tri-axial equivalent of the Mercator projection was developed by John P. Snyder. Equidistant map projections of a tri-axial ellipsoid were developed by Paweł Pędzich. Conic Projections of a tri-axial ellipsoid were developed by Maxim Nyrtsov. Equal- area cylindrical and azimuthal projections of the tri-axial ellipsoid were developed by Maxim Nyrtsov.
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Amanita muscaria var. guessowii spores are white in deposit, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid (infrequently subglobose or elongate) and inamyloid. The spores are (7.0–) 8.7-12.2 (-14.8) x (5.9) 6.5–8.2 (9.5) µm.
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Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid.
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Conidia are aseptate, ellipsoid to ovoid and with longitudinal striations.
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A geodesic on an oblate ellipsoid The study of geodesics on an ellipsoid arose in connection with geodesy specifically with the solution of triangulation networks. The figure of the Earth is well approximated by an oblate ellipsoid, a slightly flattened sphere. A geodesic is the shortest path between two points on a curved surface, analogous to a straight line on a plane surface. The solution of a triangulation network on an ellipsoid is therefore a set of exercises in spheroidal trigonometry .
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The asexual spores (mitospores) are ellipsoid in shape, smooth, and hyaline.
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PCA can be thought of as fitting a p-dimensional ellipsoid to the data, where each axis of the ellipsoid represents a principal component. If some axis of the ellipsoid is small, then the variance along that axis is also small. To find the axes of the ellipsoid, we must first subtract the mean of each variable from the dataset to center the data around the origin. Then, we compute the covariance matrix of the data and calculate the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of this covariance matrix.
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The fruit, a berry-like drupe, is ellipsoid and dispersed by birds.
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Inside the fruit sac are ellipsoid achenes, the seed of the plant.
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Its ellipsoid fruits measure up to long and are brownish and scurfy.
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The best local spherical approximation to the ellipsoid in the vicinity of a given point is the osculating sphere. Its radius equals the Gaussian radius of curvature as above, and its radial direction coincides with the ellipsoid normal direction. The center of the osculating sphere is offset from the center of the ellipsoid, but is at the center of curvature for the given point on the ellipsoid surface. This concept aids the interpretation of terrestrial and planetary radio occultation refraction measurements and in some navigation and surveillance applications.
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Definition of the parametric latitude () on the ellipsoid. The parametric or reduced latitude, , is defined by the radius drawn from the centre of the ellipsoid to that point on the surrounding sphere (of radius ) which is the projection parallel to the Earth's axis of a point on the ellipsoid at latitude . It was introduced by Legendre and Bessel Translation: who solved problems for geodesics on the ellipsoid by transforming them to an equivalent problem for spherical geodesics by using this smaller latitude. Bessel's notation, , is also used in the current literature.
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The stem has no ring. The spores measure 6.5–9 × 5.5–8 (-8.5) µm and are subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid and inamyloid. They are white in color. Clamps are absent at the bases of the basidia.
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Its most important application is in the theory of ellipsoid geodesics, (Vincenty, Karney).
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The spores are spherical to ellipsoid, smooth or covered with very fine warts.
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Its spores are smooth, ellipsoid, hyaline, and measure 3–3.3 by 2 μm.
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Spores made by Oligoporus fungi are ellipsoid or have a short cylindrical shape.
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Stamens are inserted near base of corolla tube and the anthers ovate. Ovary ovoid, 3 X 2 mm, stellate tomentose except for lower third; stigma subcapitate. Capsules ellipsoid, stellate tomentose, approximately 4 X 3 mm. Seeds unwinged, ovoid to ellipsoid.
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In 1687 Isaac Newton published the Principia in which he included a proofIsaac Newton:Principia Book III Proposition XIX Problem III, p. 407 in Andrew Motte translation, available on line at that a rotating self-gravitating fluid body in equilibrium takes the form of a flattened ("oblate") ellipsoid of revolution, generated by an ellipse rotated around its minor diameter; a shape which he termed an oblate spheroid. In geophysics, geodesy, and related areas, the word 'ellipsoid' is understood to mean 'oblate ellipsoid of revolution', and the older term 'oblate spheroid' is hardly used.Torge, W (2001) Geodesy (3rd edition), published by de Gruyter, For bodies that cannot be well approximated by an ellipsoid of revolution a triaxial (or scalene) ellipsoid is used.
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One should distinguish between two types of ellipsoid: mean and reference. A data set which describes the global average of the Earth's surface curvature is called the mean Earth Ellipsoid. It refers to a theoretical coherence between the geographic latitude and the meridional curvature of the geoid. The latter is close to the mean sea level, and therefore an ideal Earth ellipsoid has the same volume as the geoid.
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The John ellipsoid is named after the German-American mathematician Fritz John, who proved in 1948 that each convex body in Rn contains a unique circumscribed ellipsoid of minimal volume and that the dilation of this ellipsoid by factor 1/n is contained inside the convex body.John, Fritz. "Extremum problems with inequalities as subsidiary conditions". Studies and Essays Presented to R. Courant on his 60th Birthday, January 8, 1948, 187—204.
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Its fruit is ellipsoid, hairy, gray fruit is 4-5 by 2-3 centimeters.
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The geoid, unlike the ellipsoid, is irregular and too complicated to serve as the computational surface on which to solve geometrical problems like point positioning. The geometrical separation between it and the reference ellipsoid is called the geoidal undulation, or more usually the geoid-ellipsoid separation, N. It varies globally between . A reference ellipsoid, customarily chosen to be the same size (volume) as the geoid, is described by its semi- major axis (equatorial radius) a and flattening f. The quantity f = (a−b)/a, where b is the semi-minor axis (polar radius), is a purely geometrical one.
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The surface of the ellipsoid represents the locus of the endpoints of all stress vectors acting on all planes passing through a given point in the continuum body. In other words, the endpoints of all stress vectors at a given point in the continuum body lie on the stress ellipsoid surface, i.e., the radius-vector from the center of the ellipsoid, located at the material point in consideration, to a point on the surface of the ellipsoid is equal to the stress vector on some plane passing through the point. In two dimensions, the surface is represented by an ellipse (Figure coming).
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Gymnopilus maritimus leaves a rusty-brown spore print. The basidiospores can measure in length, though the typical range is . In width, they typically measure , but they can be up to 8 μm wide. In shape, they are ellipsoid or sometimes broadly ellipsoid.
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They are characterized by their uneven, ellipsoid spores, and the Polyporus-like skeletal-binding hyphae.
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The spores are thin-walled and ellipsoid. Amanita gemmata has ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid spores measuring 8–10 by 6.5–7.5 μm with an average Q-ratio (the fraction of length/width) of 1.35; they are not amyloid. The spores are smooth, thin-walled, and they contain one to several small oil droplets. The basidia (spore-bearing cells of the hymenium) are usually four-spored, club shaped, and measure 30–40 by 8–11 μm.
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Consequently, in contrast with a popular assumption, the toric lens is not an ellipsoid of revolution.
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The dimensions of the ellipsoid axes were defined by logarithms in keeping with former calculation methods.
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The fruits are long and ellipsoid. They also have caryopsis with additional pericarp and linear hilum.
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Typically the shape is a prolate ellipsoid, with the axis of symmetry taken to be z.
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Seed 1, ellipsoid, 5--8 × 2--4 mm, light brown to brown, smooth to slightly scabrous.
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The spores of Uncobasidium fungi are ellipsoid to obovate in shape, thin walled, and non-amyloid.
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The Gauss–Boaga projection is a map projection used in Italy that uses a Hayford ellipsoid.
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The fruits are about 1.5 cm long ellipsoid capsules. They become glabrous and glossy at maturity.
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The spores are smooth, ellipsoid to ellipsoid-oblong, thin-walled and amyloid. Cheilocystidia are rare to absent and pleurocystidia are absent. The pileipellis is a cutis and clamp connections are present. Species in Pseudotricholoma are found on soil in grasslands and woods in the Northern Hemisphere.
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The ellipsoid method is used on low-dimensional problems, such as planar location problems, where it is numerically stable. On even "small"-sized problems, it suffers from numerical instability and poor performance in practice. However, the ellipsoid method is an important theoretical technique in combinatorial optimization. In computational complexity theory, the ellipsoid algorithm is attractive because its complexity depends on the number of columns and the digital size of the coefficients, but not on the number of rows.
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The grid is based on the OSGB36 datum (Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936, based on the Airy 1830 ellipsoid), and was introduced after the retriangulation of 1936–1962. It replaced the previously used Cassini Grid which, up to the end of World War II, had been issued only to the military. The Airy ellipsoid is a regional best fit for Britain; more modern mapping tends to use the GRS80 ellipsoid used by the Global Positioning System (the Airy ellipsoid assumes the Earth to be about 1 km smaller in diameter than the GRS80 ellipsoid, and to be slightly less flattened). The British maps adopt a transverse Mercator projection with an origin (the "true" origin) at 49° N, 2° W (an offshore point in the English Channel which lies between the island of Jersey and the French port of St. Malo).OS Net, The true origin Over the Airy ellipsoid a straight line grid, the National Grid, is placed with a new false origin to eliminate negative numbers, creating a 700 km by 1300 km grid.
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Berries range to approximately 10 mm long, ellipsoid-oblong shaped, dark purple to almost black in colour.
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The spores are hyaline, thin walled, and ellipsoid, measuring 8.9–10.4–11.8 by 3.2–3.8–4.4 μm.
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The caryopsis is tightly enclosed and is narrowly ellipsoid in outline. The chromosome number is 2n = 28.
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The spores are ellipsoid, smooth, contain two oil droplets, and measure 10–14.7 by 6.4–7.2 µm.
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The fruits are caryopses, ellipsoid, have an additional pericarp, are long and are dark brown in colour.
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Many maps maintained by national agencies are based on older ellipsoids, so one must know how the latitude and longitude values are transformed from one ellipsoid to another. GPS handsets include software to carry out datum transformations which link WGS84 to the local reference ellipsoid with its associated grid.
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Each antherode has two abortive lateral pollen sacks. The ovary is ellipsoid, about long and has a style that is about long. The fruit is a dehiscent, ellipsoid capsule with two locules each containing two seeds. The capsule is glabrous, brown, measures long, and dehisces into two valves.
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At this point, it is helpful to consider the mathematics of ellipsoids. An ellipsoid can be described by the formula: ax2 \+ by2 \+ cz2 = 1. This equation describes a quadric surface. The relative values of a, b, and c determine if the quadric describes an ellipsoid or a hyperboloid.
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The spores are 8–12 by 6.5–9 µm, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, ornamented with warts and ridges that do not form a reticulum, prominences up to 0.8 µm high, hyaline, and amyloid. The cap cuticle is an ixocutis—with the hyphae embedded in a slimy or gelatinized layer.
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Quercus edithiae is a tree up to 20 m. tall with hairless twigs. The leathery leaves are glabrous, oblong-elliptic to obovate, 50-160 × 20–60 mm, with a 20–30 mm petiole. The acorn is ellipsoid to cylindric-ellipsoid, 30-45 × 20–30 mm, with a scar approx.
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Spores are ellipsoid and smooth. When they are viewed in mass, such as with a spore print, the spores appear white. Observing with a light microscope reveals additional details: spores are ellipsoid, smooth, and measure 6–8 by 3.5–5 μm. They are pale yellow in Melzer's reagent.
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Plane section of an ellipsoid The intersection of a plane and a sphere is a circle (or is reduced to a single point, or is empty). Any ellipsoid is the image of the unit sphere under some affine transformation, and any plane is the image of some other plane under the same transformation. So, because affine transformations map circles to ellipses, the intersection of a plane with an ellipsoid is an ellipse or a single point, or is empty. Obviously, spheroids contain circles.
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An Earth ellipsoid is a mathematical figure approximating the Earth's form, used as a reference frame for computations in geodesy, astronomy, and the geosciences. Various different ellipsoids have been used as approximations. It is an ellipsoid of revolution whose minor axis (shorter diameter), which connects the geographical North Pole and South Pole, is approximately aligned with the Earth's axis of rotation. The ellipsoid is defined by the equatorial axis a and the polar axis b; their difference is about 21 km, or 0.335%.
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Spores are ellipsoid, verrucose (covered with warts or wartlike projections), and measure 8–10 by 4–5 µm.
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The pycnidia are immersed, and the conidia are bifusiform, with 8-spored asci which are hyaline and ellipsoid.
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The seed is also ellipsoid, but is by and is normally yellow but sometimes bright orange, in colour.
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Palaquium cryptocariifolium grows up to tall. The bark is brownish grey. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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Figure 1: An ellipsoid Figure 2: Wireframe rendering of an ellipsoid (oblate spheroid) Clairaut's theorem characterizes the surface gravity on a viscous rotating ellipsoid in equilibrium under the action of its gravitational field and centrifugal force. It was published in 1743 by Alexis Claude Clairaut in a treatiseThéorie de la figure de la terre, tirée des principes de l'hydrostatique (Theory of the shape of the earth, drawn from the principles of hydrostatics) From the catalogue of the scientific books in the library of the Royal Society. which synthesized physical and geodetic evidence that the Earth is an oblate rotational ellipsoid. A reprint of the original work published in 1908 by Cambridge University Press.
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Palaquium edenii has brownish twigs. The inflorescences bear up to three flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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The seeds are ellipsoid, light brown, with scattered white hairs and small: 1 mm long and 0.6 mm wide.
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Conidia are in divergent chains, ellipsoid to fusiform in shape, and smooth walled to slightly roughened. Chlamydospores are absent.
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Spores are broadly ellipsoid to roughly spherical, and echinulose (covered with small spines). They are also hyaline and inamyloid.
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Flowers have three stamens while the fruits are ellipsoid and have caryopses with an additional pericarp. Hilum is linear.
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In geodesy and geophysics, theoretical gravity or normal gravity is an approximation of the true gravity on Earth's surface by means of a mathematical model representing (a physically smoothed) Earth. The most common model of a smoothed Earth is an Earth ellipsoid, or, more specifically, an Earth spheroid (i.e., an ellipsoid of revolution).
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Its spores are more or less ellipsoid to spindle shaped, measuring 12–15 by 6–8 µm. It is inedible.
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These spores are typically ellipsoid to oblong, but allantoid (sausage-shaped) in one species and vermiform (worm-shaped) in another.
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The mushroom produces an olive-brown spore print. Spores are ellipsoid, smooth, and measure 6–10 by 3–4 µm.
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The basidiospores are ellipsoid, smooth, 5–8 μm × 4–6 μm, and germinate by hyphal tube or by yeast cells.
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They have been widely used in geodesy because they are accurate to within 0.5 mm (0.020in) on the Earth ellipsoid.
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The following radii are derived from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) standard ellipsoid. The standard ellipsoid is an idealized surface, and the Earth measurements used to calculate it have an uncertainty of ±2 m. in both the equatorial and polar dimensions. Additional discrepancies caused by orographic variation at specific locations can be significant.
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Putting this on a mathematical basis, the ellipsoid that best represents the set's probability distribution can be estimated by building the covariance matrix of the samples. The Mahalanobis distance is the distance of the test point from the center of mass divided by the width of the ellipsoid in the direction of the test point.
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Being extraordinary waves, however, the direction of power flow is not identical to the direction of the wave vector in either case. The two refractive indices can be determined using the index ellipsoids for given directions of the polarization. Note that for biaxial crystals the index ellipsoid will not be an ellipsoid of revolution ("spheroid") but is described by three unequal principle refractive indices , and . Thus there is no axis around which a rotation leaves the optical properties invariant (as there is with uniaxial crystals whose index ellipsoid is a spheroid).
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The Bessel ellipsoid (or Bessel 1841) is an important reference ellipsoid of geodesy. It is currently used by several countries for their national geodetic surveys, but will be replaced in the next decades by modern ellipsoids of satellite geodesy. The Bessel ellipsoid was derived in 1841 by Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, based on several meridian arcs and other data of continental geodetic networks of Europe, Russia and the British Survey of India. It is based on 10 meridional arcs and 38 precise measurements of the astro—geographic latitude and longitude (see also astro geodesy).
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In the following decades the American states switched mainly to the Hayford ellipsoid 1908 ("internat. Ell. 1924") which was also used for the European unification project ED50 sponsored by the United States after World War II. The Soviet Union forced its satellite states in Eastern Europe to use the Krasovsky ellipsoid of about 1940. As of 2010 the Bessel ellipsoid is the geodetic system for Germany, for Austria and the Czech Republic. It is also used partly in the successor states of Yugoslavia and some Asian countries: Sumatra and Borneo, Belitung, Okinawa (Japan).
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Selecting a model for a shape of the Earth involves choosing between the advantages and disadvantages of a sphere versus an ellipsoid. Spherical models are useful for small-scale maps such as world atlases and globes, since the error at that scale is not usually noticeable or important enough to justify using the more complicated ellipsoid. The ellipsoidal model is commonly used to construct topographic maps and for other large- and medium-scale maps that need to accurately depict the land surface. Auxiliary latitudes are often employed in projecting the ellipsoid.
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Ellipsoid-based datums such as WGS 84, GRS80 or NAD83 use a theoretical surface that may differ significantly from the geoid.
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Flowers Inflorescence axillary solitary or racemes, 1–2 cm long; flowers sessile. Fruit& seed Drupe, cylindrical or ellipsoid, 1.1 cm long.
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The fruits are ellipsoid and caryopses with additional pericarp. They are also dark brown in colour, long, and have linear hilum.
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The ascospores are brown and ellipsoid to cylindrical in shape. The anamorph forms of Amphirosellinia have geniculate (zig-zag) conidiogenous regions.
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The acorn is ovoid to ellipsoid, 9-13 × 7–10 mm, with a scar that is 4–6 mm in diameter.
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Afgooye is a geodetic datum used in Somalia. Afgooye datum is based on the Krasovsky ellipsoid and the Greenwich prime meridian.
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The seeds are egg-shaped, flat, wide ellipsoid. Light and are naked, long around 1.2-1.4 mm wide about 1 mm.
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The annulus is white; its upper surface bears fine, radial striations; and its lower surface, verrucose to conical warts. The annulus is often broken during expansion of the cap. The spores measure 8.0 - 10.0 (0.8 – 1 mm) × 6.0 - 7.5 (0.6 - 0.75 mm) µm and are broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid and amyloid. Clamps are common at bases of basidia.
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This species was first isolated from infected hibernating bats in New York state. Recently, this species has been isolated from cave environments no longer inhabited by hibernating bats. Pseudogymnoascus roseus Raillo has smooth ascospores that are ellipsoid to fusiform and can vary from yellow to reddish brown. Conidia are typically hyaline in color and globose to ellipsoid in shape.
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The basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are effused, thin, and whitish. Microscopically they have colourless hyphae, 3 to 9 μm wide, without clamp connections. The basidia are ellipsoid to broadly club-shaped, 9 to 14 by 8 to 12 μm, bearing four sterigmata. The basidiospores are ellipsoid and broadly fusiform (spindle-shaped), measuring 6 to 11 by 4 to 6 μm.
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Modern geodesy tends to retain the ellipsoid of revolution as a reference ellipsoid and treat triaxiality and pear shape as a part of the geoid figure: they are represented by the spherical harmonic coefficients C_{22},S_{22} and C_{30}, respectively, corresponding to degree and order numbers 2.2 for the triaxiality and 3.0 for the pear shape.
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Its flowers have about 40 carpels that are 2–2.3 millimeters long and variably covered in gold colored hairs. Its mature fruit are round to ellipsoid, 8-13 by 10-14 millimeters, and variable colored orange, red, brown or black. The fruit have 9-10 round to ellipsoid, orange, pitted seeds that are 9-10 by 9-10 millimeters.
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The spore print is white, the spores (under a microscope) smooth, inamyloid, ellipsoid, about 7.5 to 9.0 by 4.0 to 5.5 μm.
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Fruit is ellipsoid, up to long. Habitat is lowland dipterocarp forests from sea-level to altitude. D. sebifera is endemic to Borneo.
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The spore print is white, the spores (under a microscope) smooth, inamyloid, ellipsoid, about 5.5 to 6.5 by 4.0 to 5.0 μm.
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The spore print is white, the spores (under a microscope) smooth, inamyloid, ellipsoid, about 6.5 to 8.0 by 4.5 to 5.0 μm.
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Anisophyllea beccariana grows as a tree up to tall. Its bark is flaky or scaly. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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The stigmas are capitate. The cylindric-ellipsoid capsule is long and wide, equalling the sepals. The seeds are long and lack carinas.
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Spores are non-amyloid with smooth surface and are normally spherical to ellipsoid, except in Tylospora where it is angular and warted.
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This characteristic, in addition to the relatively large, ellipsoid spores can be used to distinguish it from other morphologically similar Parasola species.
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Carallia coriifolia grows as a small tree up to tall. Its flaky bark is dark grey. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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20, longest c. 11-12 mm, about equalling petals. Ovary c. 2.5 x 1.5mm, narrowly ovoid-ellipsoid; styles 8-9 mm long, c.
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The set define the ellipsoid coordinates. These coordinates are the natural choice in models of the gravity field for a rotating ellipsoidal body.
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The Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS 80) is a geodetic reference system consisting of a global reference ellipsoid and a gravity field model.
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Flowers are solitary, yellowish-red. Berries are ellipsoid, up to 10 mm long.Flora of China, vol 19, page 724.Schneider, Camillo Karl. 1904.
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Seed cones are long, each containing 2 ellipsoid seeds long.Watson, Sereno. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 18: 157. 1883.
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Atuna nannodes grows up to tall. The smooth bark is dark grey. The flowers are white. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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The difference between the direction of a plumb line or vertical, and a line perpendicular to the surface of the ellipsoid of revolution—a normal to said ellipsoid—at a particular observatory, is the deflection of the vertical. A GPS receiver at the marking strip of the prime meridian. The indicated longitude is not exactly zero because the geodetic zero meridian on a geocentric reference ellipsoid (which is what GPS positioning yields) is 102.478 metres east of this strip. When the Airy transit circle was built, a mercury basin was used to align the telescope to the perpendicular.
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The direction of the optic axis is the normal to the plane for which the ellipse of intersection reduces to a circle. So, for the biaxial case, Fresnel simply replaced the prolate spheroid with a triaxial ellipsoid, which he called the "ellipsoid of elasticity", to be sectioned by a plane in the same way. In general there would be two planes passing through the center of the ellipsoid and cutting it in a circle, and the normals to these planes would give two optic axes. From the geometry, Fresnel deduced Biot's sine law (with the ray velocities replaced by their reciprocals).
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If the Earth is treated as a sphere, the geodesics are great circles (all of which are closed) and the problems reduce to ones in spherical trigonometry. However, showed that the effect of the rotation of the Earth results in its resembling a slightly oblate ellipsoid: in this case, the equator and the meridians are the only simple closed geodesics. Furthermore, the shortest path between two points on the equator does not necessarily run along the equator. Finally, if the ellipsoid is further perturbed to become a triaxial ellipsoid (with three distinct semi- axes), only three geodesics are closed.
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In the genus Ameliella, the lichen thalli are small, grey-brown in color, and covered with warts or projections that resemble warts. The thalli form patches that are typically in diameter. There are usually copious apothecia (sexual reproductive structures) that cover much of the thallus. The spores are translucent (hyaline), ranging in shape from narrowly ellipsoid to spindle-shaped to oblong to ellipsoid.
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Undulation of the geoid is the height of the geoid relative to a given ellipsoid of reference. The undulation is not standardized, as different countries use different mean sea levels as reference, but most commonly refers to the EGM96 geoid. Map of the undulation of the geoid in meters (based on the EGM96 gravity model and the WGS84 reference ellipsoid).
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The sclerotium is a resting structure that allows to fungus to overwinter in its host. In 1915, William Murrill reported the sclerotia of C. tuberosa to be bioluminescent. The spore print is white. Individual spores are smooth, ellipsoid to tear-shaped in profile, obovoid to ellipsoid or cylindric in face or back view, with dimensions of 4.2–6.2 by 2.8–3.5μm.
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Fruit: The tulip's fruit is a globose or ellipsoid capsule with a leathery covering and an ellipsoid to globe shape. Each capsule contains numerous flat, disc-shaped seeds in two rows per chamber. These light to dark brown seeds have very thin seed coats and endosperm that does not normally fill the entire seed. Leaves: Tulip stems have few leaves.
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The flowers are light violet, the lower three petals white near the base, usually with some hairs. It forms ellipsoid capsules in the summer.
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Dacryodes longifolia grows up to tall. The bark is dark grey and smooth. The flowers are white. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Gills are narrow and thin, placed together closely, and decurrently attached to the stipe. The spores are smooth and ellipsoid, measuring 6–7.5 μm.
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Melicope accedens grows up as a shrub or tree to tall. The fruits are roundish to ellipsoid to obovoid and measure up to long.
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Flowers with a faint sweet smell. Fruits orange to red, 1-3 lobed, lobes globose to ellipsoid, diverging, c. 12 mm × 10 mm, subsessile.
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Spores are ellipsoid and measure 7.5–11 by 4.5–5.5 µm. The type collection was obtained from a market in Kunming in July, 1938.
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Schuurmansiella angustifolia grows as a shrub up to tall. The flowers are white with a pink base. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Deconica semiinconspicua spores are 8–10 x 5–7 µm, subovoid to ellipsoid, thick-walled, and yellowish brown to dark purple brown in deposit.
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Basins come in three varieties. :;Straight sides ::Basins with nearly straight sides have a flat base, a plain rim, and are ellipsoid in shape.
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The spores are ellipsoid, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline (translucent), and do not react with Melzer's reagent. They measure 3–3.5 by 1.2–1.4 µm.
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Carallia borneensis grows as a tree up to tall. Its fissured bark is pale to brownish. The oblong to ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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The seeds are 7 × 5 mm in size, ovoid-ellipsoid in shape, smooth surfaced, and dull, pale greyish-brown flecked and spotted with darker brown.
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Madhuca utilis grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is greyish brown. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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Palaquium beccarianum grows up to tall. The bark is reddish brown. The inflorescences bear up to five flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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Carallia species grow as small to medium-sized trees. Their leaves are often dotted black. The fruits are small and ellipsoid to roundish in shape.
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It is sometimes useful to find the minimum bounding ellipse on a set of points. The ellipsoid method is quite useful for attacking this problem.
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The basidia are club-shaped, usually two-spored, and with long filiform sterigmata. Spores are 12–26 µm long, and ovoid to ellipsoid in shape.
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Flowers are solitary. Berries are ellipsoid, nearly black, up to 10 mm long.Schneider, Camillo Karl. 1939. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 46(1168–1170): 253.
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Melicope triphylla grows up as a shrub or tree up to tall. The flowers are unisexual. The ellipsoid to roundish fruits measure up to long.
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Palaquium herveyi grows up to tall. The bark is reddish brown. Inflorescences bear up to six brownish flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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Ellipsoid Hill () is a rounded, partly ice-covered summit, high, to the north of Blue Glacier, between Geoid Glacier and Spheroid Hill, in Victoria Land, Antarctica. The name is one of a group in the area associated with surveying applied in 1993 by the New Zealand Geographic Board, and is for ellipsoid, in geodesy a mathematical figure formed by revolving an ellipse about its minor axis.
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The point spread function of the pinhole is an ellipsoid, several times as long as it is wide. This limits the axial resolution of the microscope. One technique of overcoming this is 4Pi microscopy where incident and or emitted light are allowed to interfere from both above and below the sample to reduce the volume of the ellipsoid. An alternative technique is confocal theta microscopy.
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The thick-walled ellipsoid spores contain vacuoles. Suillellus amygdalinus produces a dark olive-brown spore print. The spores are thick-walled, smooth, and ellipsoid to somewhat spindle- shaped, with dimensions of 11.2–16 by 5.2–8 µm. They become dark ochraceous when stained with Melzer's reagent, and, because of the occasional presence of two large vacuoles, may appear as if they are two-celled.
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The smooth, yellowish spores have an ellipsoid to somewhat ventricose shape. 1000x magnification; divisions are 1 μm Spores are 9.5–17 by 4–6 μm, ellipsoid to somewhat ventricose (inflated on one side), smooth, and yellowish. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are four-spored, measuring 25–32 by 6–10.8 μm. The cystidia lining the inside of the tubes are shaped like setae (i.e.
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All of them are influenced by geophysical effects like vertical deflection, mean continental density, rock density and the distribution of network data. Every reference ellipsoid deviates from the worldwide data (e.g. of satellite geodesy) in the same way as the pioneering work of Bessel. In 1950 about 50% of the European triangulation networks and about 20% of other continents networks were based on the Bessel ellipsoid.
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The Basidiocarp of Tropicoporus tropicalis is annual, resupinate, and hyaline. The abundant fungal spores are coloured yellowish to ochraceous, and shaped ovoid to broadly ellipsoid and smooth when mature. Both the spores (7 - 9 per mm) and the basidiospores are small, with basidiospores having more than 3.5 um wide when it is ellipsoid, and are less than 3.5 um wide when it is sub-globose.
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Microscopically, the fruit bodies are composed of hyphae lacking clamp connections in a gelatinous matrix. The spore-bearing surface is initially covered in a layer of weakly branched hyphidia below which the basidia are formed. The basidia are tremelloid (ellipsoid and vertically septate), giving rise to long, sinuous sterigmata or epibasidia on which the basidiospores are produced. These spores are ellipsoid to oblong, smooth, and colourless.
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Latitudes at regular intervals of longitude can be found and the resulting positions transferred to the Mercator chart allowing the great circle to be approximated by a series of rhumb lines. The path determined in this way gives the great ellipse joining the end points, provided the coordinates (\phi,\lambda) are interpreted as geographic coordinates on the ellipsoid. These formulas apply to a spherical model of the earth. They are also used in solving for the great circle on the auxiliary sphere which is a device for finding the shortest path, or geodesic, on an ellipsoid of revolution; see the article on geodesics on an ellipsoid.
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Height above mean sea level (AMSL) is the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of an object, relative to the average sea level datum. It is also used in aviation, where some heights are recorded and reported with respect to mean sea level (MSL) (contrast with flight level), and in the atmospheric sciences, and land surveying. An alternative is to base height measurements on an ellipsoid of the entire Earth, which is what systems such as GPS do. In aviation, the ellipsoid known as World Geodetic System 84 is increasingly used to define heights; however, differences exist between this ellipsoid height and mean tidal height.
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Dacryodes macrocarpa grows as a medium-sized to tall tree. The bark is reddish brown and cracked. The ovoid or ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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They have clear thecal plates with a dense covering of papillae. They are ellipsoid in shape and have well developed plastids located at the cell's periphery.
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Seeds are ellipsoid smooth and mottled.Warrier, P. K., Nambiar, V. P. K. and Ramankutty, C. 1993-1995. Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1-5. Orient Longman Ltd.
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Inside are dark brown, ellipsoid or oval seeds, which are 5 mm long and 3 mm wide. They are wrinkled and have a white aril (appendage).
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It produces an ellipsoid or cylindrical seed capsule, measuring 2.5–4 cm long and 1 cm wide. It has six veins, three thickened angles and apical beak.
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Diospyros buxifolia is a tree in the family Ebenaceae. It grows up to tall. Inflorescences bear up to five flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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Canarium grandifolium grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The scaly bark is greyish. The fruits are ellipsoid and measure up to long.
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Canarium megalanthum grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The grey bark is smooth to scaly. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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5.0~7.0 mm, ovoid, subovoid to ellipsoid, apiculate, green to black, coriaceous, weakly rugose, sparsely hairy, glabrate; mucilage yellow. Seeds 2–6, irregular, globose, lustrous dark black.
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They also grow together, and have 3 anthers that are long. The fruits have caryopsis with additional pericarp and linear hilum. They also are ellipsoid and long.
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It was considered as a potential dwarf planet in 2006, but it has since been determined that its shape departs significantly from an ellipsoid, thus disqualifying it.
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Anisophyllea corneri grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Its bark is smooth. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Canarium fuscocalycinum grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Its twigs are rusty brown. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to .
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Diospyros venosa grows as a tree, sometimes a shrub, from tall. Inflorescences bear up to 25 flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid to roundish, up to in diameter.
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The spore print is flesh pink; the smooth spores are ellipsoid to somewhat fuse-shaped (subfusoid), inamyloid, and have dimensions of 11–14.5 by 4.9–7.4 μm.
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The ellipsoid to subglobose capsules are long and wide. The petals twist together and enclose the capsules while they develop. The dark reddish-brown seeds are long.
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The conidia are roughly spherical, ovoid, or ellipsoid, and about 2.0–3.0 by 2.0–2.5 µm. They may be so numerous that young fruit bodies may be covered in a bright yellow, conidial slime. The spores are broadly ellipsoid to oblong, on average 10.0–16.0 by 6.0–9.5 µm; they germinate by germ tube or by yeast-like conidia of identical form to the conidia produced on the conidiophores.
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The geodetic latitude, or any of the auxiliary latitudes defined on the reference ellipsoid, constitutes with longitude a two-dimensional coordinate system on that ellipsoid. To define the position of an arbitrary point it is necessary to extend such a coordinate system into three dimensions. Three latitudes are used in this way: the geodetic, geocentric and parametric latitudes are used in geodetic coordinates, spherical polar coordinates and ellipsoidal coordinates respectively.
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Geodetic coordinates At an arbitrary point consider the line which is normal to the reference ellipsoid. The geodetic coordinates are the latitude and longitude of the point on the ellipsoid and the distance . This height differs from the height above the geoid or a reference height such as that above mean sea level at a specified location. The direction of will also differ from the direction of a vertical plumb line.
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He also worked in numerical analysis and on ill-posed problems. His textbook on partial differential equations was highly influential and was re-edited many times. He made several contributions to convex geometry, including his famous result that within every convex body there is one ellipsoid of maximal volume, now called the John Ellipsoid. From the mid-1950s on, he started working on the theory of equilibrium nonlinear elasticity.
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It is not known whether Tethys is differentiated into a rocky core and ice mantle. However, if it is differentiated, the radius of the core does not exceed 145 km, and its mass is below 6% of the total mass. Due to the action of tidal and rotational forces, Tethys has the shape of triaxial ellipsoid. The dimensions of this ellipsoid are consistent with it having a homogeneous interior.
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The Earth is roughly spherical, but it bulges towards the Equator, so it is roughly in the shape of an ellipsoid (see Earth ellipsoid). This bulge is due to its rotation and is nearly consistent with an Earth in hydrostatic equilibrium. The detailed shape of the Earth, however, is also affected by the distribution of continents and ocean basins, and to some extent by the dynamics of the plates.
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Only three of Neptune's moons were photographed in detail: Proteus, Nereid, and Triton; of which the last two were the only Neptunian moons known prior to the visit. Proteus turned out to be an ellipsoid, as large as gravity allows an ellipsoid body to become without rounding into a sphere. It appeared very dark in color, almost like soot. Nereid, though discovered in 1949, still has very little known about it.
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The ellipsoid method has a long history. As an iterative method, a preliminary version was introduced by Naum Z. Shor. In 1972, an approximation algorithm for real convex minimization was studied by Arkadi Nemirovski and David B. Yudin (Judin). As an algorithm for solving linear programming problems with rational data, the ellipsoid algorithm was studied by Leonid Khachiyan: Khachiyan's achievement was to prove the polynomial-time solvability of linear programs.
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The round shape of overly-condensed nucleoids after chloramphenicol treatment also suggests a role for transertion-mediated DNA-membrane contacts in defining the ellipsoid shape of the nucleoid.
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They also grow together, and have 3 anthers that are long. The fruits have caryopsis with additional pericarp and linear hilum. They also are ellipsoid and are long.
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Anisophyllea species grow as shrubs or trees. The bark is smooth to flaky. The flowers are unisexual. The fruits are drupes (pitted) and are ellipsoid or pear-shaped.
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Canarium pseudopimela grows as a small tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Its twigs are brown. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Its apothecia is plane, with a diameter of and a crenate margin. It counts with 8 spores per ascus, which are ellipsoid. Pycnidia are absent in Hypotrachyna angustissima.
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Characteristics of D. hyphopaxillosum include its crust-like fruit bodies, cylindrical hyphal pegs, contorted dendrohyphidia that are frequently branched, and spores with an ellipsoid to somewhat cylindrical shape.
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Its apothecia are coronate, about in diameter, while the amphithecia are isidiate. It counts with 8 spores per ascus, which are ellipsoid and measure between long and wide.
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The three carpels are at first distinct and become indistinct. The three styles are long. The capsule is conic-ellipsoid, measuring long and wide. The seeds are long.
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As it turns out, three more components can be added as follows: ax2 \+ by2 \+ cz2 \+ dyz \+ ezx \+ fxy = 1. Many combinations of a, b, c, d, e, and f still describe ellipsoids, but the additional components (d, e, f) describe the rotation of the ellipsoid relative to the orthogonal axes of the Cartesian coordinate system. These six variables can be represented by a matrix similar to the tensor matrix defined at the start of this section (since diffusion is symmetric, then we only need six instead of nine components—the components below the diagonal elements of the matrix are the same as the components above the diagonal). This is what is meant when it is stated that the components of a matrix of a second order tensor can be represented by an ellipsoid—if the diffusion values of the six terms of the quadric ellipsoid are placed into the matrix, this generates an ellipsoid angled off the orthogonal grid.
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Even after six surveys, conflict remained over which of them, if any, were legally binding in marking the boundary; this was partially heard by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1980, where the doctrine of acquiescence was invoked. A boundary defined in terms of geographical coordinates is theoretically precise, but poses pragmatic challenges to implement. Where a particular coordinate actually lies on the surface of the earth is dependent on the figure of the Earth. In the mid 1800s the Bessel ellipsoid of 1841 or the Clarke ellipsoid of 1866 were widely used; the Hayford ellipsoid of 1910 may later have been used by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.
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While the mean Earth ellipsoid is the ideal basis of global geodesy, for regional networks a so-called reference ellipsoid may be the better choice. When geodetic measurements have to be computed on a mathematical reference surface, this surface should have a similar curvature as the regional geoid - otherwise, reduction of the measurements will get small distortions. This is the reason for the "long life" of former reference ellipsoids like the Hayford or the Bessel ellipsoid, despite the fact that their main axes deviate by several hundred meters from the modern values. Another reason is a judicial one: the coordinates of millions of boundary stones should remain fixed for a long period.
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The theorem of the three geodesics says that for surfaces homeomorphic to the sphere, there exist at least three non-self-crossing closed geodesics. There may be more than three, for instance, the sphere itself has infinitely many. This result stems from the mathematics of ocean navigation, where the surface of the earth can be modeled accurately by an ellipsoid, and from the study of the geodesics on an ellipsoid, the shortest paths for ships to travel. In particular, a nearly-spherical triaxial ellipsoid has only three simple closed geodesics, its equators.. In 1905, Henri Poincaré conjectured that every smooth surface topologically equivalent to a sphere likewise contains at least three simple closed geodesics,.
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At the end of 1928 the Central Research Institute of Geodesy, Aerial Surveying and Cartography (TsNIIGAiK) was founded on his initiative; he worked there as a director (1928–1930) and as a deputy director of science (1930–1937). Between 1924 and 1930 Krasovsky headed astronomical, geodetical and cartographical works in the USSR. He worked out the theory and methods of construction of the national geodetical network of the USSR and solved related problems of topography and gravimetry works.Guelke Krasovsky and another Soviet geodesist, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Izotov, in 1940 defined dimensions of an ellipsoid which was named the Krasovsky ellipsoid and was later used as a reference ellipsoid in the USSR and other countries until the 1990s.p.
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Diospyros diepenhorstii is a tree in the family Ebenaceae. It grows up to tall. Twigs are brownish to blackish. The fruits are obovoid to oblong- ellipsoid, up to long.
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Simple, unbranched rhizines are present that extend to the edge of the lobe. The apothecia are lecanorine, with brown discs. Ascospores are colourless, ellipsoid, and number eight per ascus.
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The glossy balck seeds have an ovoid, ellipsoid or obovoid shape with a length of and a width of with a creamy-grey or greyish coloured many folded aril.
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Madhuca endertii grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Inflorescences bear up to three flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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Fruit are on pedicels 5-21 millimeters in length. The fruit consists of up to 6 monocarps. Each mature monocarp is a 24-34 by 23-30 millimeter ellipsoid.
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Anisophyllea nitida grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is smooth to scaly. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Canarium sarawakanum grows as a small tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Its twigs are reddish brown. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Cystidia feature yellowish incrustations at their bases. The spores produced by the fungus are smooth and thin-walled with an ellipsoid shape, and measure about 5 by 3 μm.
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Diospyros sumatrana is a tree in the family Ebenaceae. It grows up to tall. Inflorescences bear up to three flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid or oblong, up to long.
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Palaquium gutta grows up to tall. The bark is reddish brown. Inflorescences bear up to 12 flowers. The fruits are round or ellipsoid, sometimes brownish tomentose, up to long.
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Young specimens have a light lilac tint that darkens or turns grayish in maturity. The ascospores of this fungus are ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, hyaline (translucent), and measure 24–30 by 18–18 μm; these dimensions are relatively large for the genus Morchella. Fine longitudinal grooves are present on the surface of mature spores. The spores are produced in groups of eight in cylindrical to club-shaped asci measuring 290–310 by 18–26 μm.
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The writing was later published by the society in the 1736–37 volume of Philosophical Transactions. Initially, Clairaut disagrees with Newton's theory on the shape of the Earth. In the article, he outlines several key problems that effectively disprove Newton's calculations, and provides some solutions to the complications. The issues addressed include calculating gravitational attraction, the rotation of an ellipsoid on its axis, and the difference in density of an ellipsoid on its axes.
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Spores are smooth, ellipsoid, and measure about 9–15 by 6–9 micrometres. The smooth and white stipes are long and thick, and covered with a thick coating of gluten.
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Cystidia are absent from the hymenium. The spores are cylindrical, ellipsoid or navicular (boat-shaped), hyaline (translucent), thin-walled, and smooth. Rhodofomitopsis fungi cause a brown rot on angiosperm wood.
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Canarium merrillii grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is grey and scaly. The flowers are yellow. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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The microscopic characters are typical of the genus Exidia. The basidia are ellipsoid, septate, 15-25 × 8-13 µm. The spores are allantoid (sausage-shaped), 14-19 × 4.5-5.5 µm.
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Spores are broadly ellipsoid or roughly spherical, with a maximum length of 5.5 μm. They are hyaline, finely echinulate or warted, and each contains a large oil-drop or guttule.
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The three styles are long. The stigmas are broadly capitate. The ovoid to cylindric-ellipsoid capsule is long and wide, rounded at its summit. The light brown seeds are long.
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Alangium nobile grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The smooth bark is brown. The ellipsoid to ovoid fruits measure up to long.
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Parastemon urophyllus grows up to tall. The brownish bark is smooth. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long. The timber is a heavy hardwood used in construction and as firewood.
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772 Tanete is an asteroid from the asteroid belt. Since 2004 it has been observed in stellar occultation four times. Its size is best described by an ellipsoid measuring x .
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Flowers are produced in groups of as many as 25. Berries are ellipsoid, nearly black, up to 8 mm long.Camillo Karl Schneider. 1939. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 46: 257.
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Dipterocarpus nudus grows as a large tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The crown is dark and dense. The fruit is ellipsoid, up to long.
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Basidiospores are ovoid or ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, with dimensions of 4-6 × 3-4 µm. The basidia are club-shaped, 4-spored, with dimensions of 14-16 × 5-6 µm.
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Canarium denticulatum grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is smooth and grey-white. The flowers are white. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Madhuca pubicalyx grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is greyish brown. Inflorescences bear up to eight flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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Madhuca primoplagensis grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is dark brown. Inflorescences bear up to 13 flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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Palaquium decurrens grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is dark brown. Inflorescences bear up to eight flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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Anisophyllea ferruginea grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is smooth to cracking or fissured. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Canarium pseudodecumanum grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Its grey-white bark is smooth to scaly. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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The pores on the underside of the cap are circular to angular. Spores are held in tubes and are ovoid to ellipsoid, with dimensions of 7–9 by 6–7 μm.
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Ascospores are ellipsoid, colourless, simple, with dimensions of 10–18 by 7–10 μm. The conidia are bifusiform, hyaline, and measure 5–7 by l μm. The medulla contains gyrophoric acid.
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Host cells take on the ellipsoid shape from the very early stages of gametocyte development. The rest of the life cycle follows the same as the rest of the Leucocytozoon species.
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Gonystylus velutinus grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Its bark is pale to reddish brown. The fruit is ellipsoid, brown, up to long.
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It has no distinguishable odor and a mild taste. F. albolanaripes mushrooms are edible. The spore print is white. Spores are ellipsoid, smooth, and measure 6–8 by 4–4.5 µm.
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The flowers are small and yellow, 2 mm to 4 mm across. Fruit is shiny purple black, ellipsoid, pyriform, or obovoid, 11–19 mm long and 8–10 mm in diameter.
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But since the ocean also bulges, like Earth and its atmosphere, Chimborazo is not as high above sea level as Everest is. More precisely, the surface of the Earth is usually approximated by an ideal oblate ellipsoid, for the purposes of defining precisely the latitude and longitude grid for cartography, as well as the "center of the Earth". In the WGS-84 standard Earth ellipsoid, widely used for map-making and the GPS system, the radius of the Earth is assumed to be at the equator and center-to-pole; meaning a difference of in the radii and in the diameters, and a relative flattening of 1/298.257223563. The sea level surface is much closer to this standard ellipsoid than the surface of the solid Earth is.
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In order to be unambiguous about the direction of "vertical" and the "horizontal" surface above which they are measuring, map-makers choose a reference ellipsoid with a given origin and orientation that best fits their need for the area to be mapped. They then choose the most appropriate mapping of the spherical coordinate system onto that ellipsoid, called a terrestrial reference system or geodetic datum. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Points on the Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun.
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Solving the geodesic problem for an ellipsoid of revolution is, from the mathematical point of view, relatively simple: because of symmetry, geodesics have a constant of motion, given by Clairaut's relation allowing the problem to be reduced to quadrature. By the early 19th century (with the work of Legendre, Oriani, Bessel, et al.), there was a complete understanding of the properties of geodesics on an ellipsoid of revolution. On the other hand, geodesics on a triaxial ellipsoid (with three unequal axes) have no obvious constant of the motion and thus represented a challenging unsolved problem in the first half of the 19th century. In a remarkable paper, discovered a constant of the motion allowing this problem to be reduced to quadrature also .
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In deposit, the spores appear white. Individual spores are ellipsoid to tear-shaped in profile, obovoid to ellipsoid or roughly cylindric in face or back view, with dimensions of 4.8–6.4 by 2–2.8 (sometimes up to 3.5) µm. They are smooth, inamyloid, and acyanophilous (unreactive to staining with Melzer's reagent and methyl blue, respectively). The basidia (spore-bearing cells of the hymenium) are roughly club-shaped, four-spored, and measure 17.5–21 by 4.8–5.6 µm.
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The basidia (spore-bearing cells) consist of a globular part (the hypobasidia) to which inflated or elongated epibasidia are attached. In Guepinia, the hypobasidia are egg-shaped to ellipsoid, measuring 12–16 by 9–12 μm, and attached to fibril-like epibasidia that are 20–45 by 3–4 μm. The spore deposit is white, while the spores are 9–11 by 5–6 μm, hyaline (translucent), cylindrical to elongated ellipsoid in shape, and have a large oil drop.
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For irregular planetary bodies such as asteroids, however, sometimes models analogous to the geoid are used to project maps from. Other regular solids are sometimes used as generalizations for smaller bodies' geoidal equivalent. For example, Io is better modeled by triaxial ellipsoid or prolated spheroid with small eccentricities. Haumea's shape is a Jacobi ellipsoid, with its major axis twice as long as its minor and with its middle axis one and half times as long as its minor.
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The defining parameters of the WGS 66 Ellipsoid were the flattening (1/298.25 determined from satellite data) and the semimajor axis (6,378,145 meters determined from a combination of Doppler satellite and astro-geodetic data). A worldwide 5° × 5° mean free air gravity anomaly field provided the basic data for producing the WGS 66 gravimetric geoid. Also, a geoid referenced to the WGS 66 Ellipsoid was derived from available astrogeodetic data to provide a detailed representation of limited land areas.
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For a mass point (atmosphere) in motion the centrifugal force no more matches the gravitational and the vector sum is not exactly orthogonal to the Earth surface. This is the cause of the coriolis effect for atmospheric motion. Balance between gravitational and centrifugal force on the Earth surface. The geoid is a gently undulating surface due to the irregular mass distribution inside the Earth; it may be approximated however by an ellipsoid of revolution called the reference ellipsoid.
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Fruit The winged fruit is notched (slightly retuse) on both ends; the wings are broad, approximately 3.5mm wide, and with longitudinal veins near their margins. The fruit is broadly oblong/ellipsoid or orbicular in shape, 8-12mm across, approximately as long as wide. The seeds are narrowly ovoid-ellipsoid in shape, approximately 4mm wide. Karyotypy R. webbianum populations apparently are found in both diploid and tetraploid forms, having a chromosome count of 2n=22 or 2n=44.
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Animation showing the circular secant planes of the ellipsoid A secant plane is a plane containing a nontrivial section of a sphere or an ellipsoid, or such a plane that a sphere is projected onto. Secant planes are similar to tangent planes, which contact the sphere's surface at a point, while secant planes contact the surface along curves. The two-dimensional representations of secant planes are secant lines, the lines that join two distinct points on a curve.
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Canarium divergens grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The scaly bark is grey-white. The ellipsoid fruits are yellowish-green when fresh and measure up to long.
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Diospyros eriantha is a tree in the family Ebenaceae. It grows up to tall. The fruits are ellipsoid, black, up to long. The specific epithet ' is from the Greek meaning "woolly flowers".
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If, conversely, a 3-axial ellipsoid is given by its equation, then from the equations in step 3 one can derive the parameters a, b, l for a pins-and-string construction.
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Leaves of Diospyros kurzii are quite distinctive Diospyros kurzii is a tree in the family Ebenaceae. It grows up to tall. Twigs dry to black. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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Helicia attenuata grows as a shrub or small tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Its bark is dark brown. The fruit is brown, ellipsoid, up to long.
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Marinobacter segnicrescens is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, ellipsoid- shaped, moderately halophilic and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sediments from the South China Sea.
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Under the microscope, the spores appear narrowly ellipsoid to fusiform (spinde-shaped) and measure 13.5–22 × 5–6 μm. The cap cuticle is a trichodermium of septate cylindrical hyphae, often finely incrusted.
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Flowers are fleshy, oblong, truncate, and grow together, the 3 anthers of which are in length. Fruits are brown coloured, ellipsoid and have an additional pericarp and are long with linear hilum.
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It grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is pale brown, mottled grey. Inflorescences bear up to 10 flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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Madhuca kuchingensis grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is greyish brown. Inflorescences bear up to eight flowers. The fruits are yellowish, ellipsoid, up to long.
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Palaquium cochleariifolium grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is dark brown. The inflorescences bear up to 14 flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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After flowering green berries are produced. The fruits are ellipsoid shaped berries containing several seeds.Gleason, H.A. 1978. The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.
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Alangium havilandii grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The smooth bark is greyish. The ellipsoid-ovoid fruits ripen pink and measure up to long.
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Ailanthus integrifolia grows as a large tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The smooth bark is light brown or grey. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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The fruit is from an inferior ovary, typically axillary. The calyx remnants are persistent, and are sometimes blue-black. Fruits are globose or occasionally ellipsoid, pulpy or juicy with one large seed.
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The fruit is small to medium-sized and elongated, green to bluish black in color. It grows either dispersed along the branches or in a tightly packed ellipsoid or sausage-like cylinder.
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The fungus is similar in morphology to Grammothele ochracea (found in Thailand), but differs from that species in having larger pores, more yellowish colour, and spores that are longer and more ellipsoid.
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The spores are ellipsoid and range in measurement from . This species was published in Champs Jura Vosges 3: 439 (1875) and was originally named Agaricus albonitens in 1857 by Elias Magnus Fries.
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A good compromise is chopped fiber, where the performance of filament or cloth is traded off in favor of more aggregate-like processing techniques. Ellipsoid and plate-shaped aggregates are also used.
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Atuna racemosa grows up to tall. The smooth bark is grey to black. The flowers are blue or white. The fruits are ellipsoid, roundish or pear-shaped and measure up to long.
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Once a clean, smooth geopotential field U has been constructed matching the known GRS80 reference ellipsoid with an equipotential surface (we call such a field a normal potential) we can subtract it from the true (measured) potential W of the real Earth. The result is defined as T, the disturbing potential: : T = W-U The disturbing potential T is numerically a great deal smaller than U or W, and captures the detailed, complex variations of the true gravity field of the actually existing Earth from point-to-point, as distinguished from the overall global trend captured by the smooth mathematical ellipsoid of the normal potential. Due to the irregularity of the Earth's true gravity field, the equilibrium figure of sea water, or the geoid, will also be of irregular form. In some places, like west of Ireland, the geoid—mathematical mean sea level—sticks out as much as 100 m above the regular, rotationally symmetric reference ellipsoid of GRS80; in other places, like close to Ceylon, it dives under the ellipsoid by nearly the same amount.
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If the geodesic is computed accurately on the WGS84 ellipsoid, the results are α1 = −94.82°, α2 = −78.29°, and s12 = 18752 km. The midpoint of the geodesic is φ = −7.07°, λ = −159.31°, α = −57.45°.
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Cylindrical asci have 100 or more ellipsoid ascospores. Lichen spot tests are all negative, and it is UV-. It is an indicator of undisturbed soil habitats. Sometimes specimens may look like Acarospora strigata.
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It divides vegetatively on the soil. Asci are club shaped (clavate) and have 100 or more spherical to ellipsoid spores. Lichen spot tests are negative, and it is UV+ orange under ultraviolet light.
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Dacryodes nervosa grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The dark brown bark is smooth to scaly. The ellipsoid fruits are pink when fresh and measure up to long.
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Lower glumes are oblong and are in length. Flowers have 3 anthers which are long with the fruits being long. The fruits are also ellipsoid and have an additional pericarp with linear hilum.
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Madhuca markleeana grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is chocolate brown. Inflorescences bear up to five white flowers. The fruits are green, ellipsoid, up to long.
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Anisophyllea disticha grows as a shrub or small tree up to tall with a stem diameter of up to . Its bark is smooth. The ellipsoid fruits ripen red and measure up to long.
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Corolla is bell-shaped, with a 4- to 6-millimeter tube, and five somewhat pointed lobes. Fruit is rounded, ellipsoid or obovoid, 6 to 10 millimeters long, slightly flattened and obscurely 2-lobed.
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Licania splendens grows up to tall. The bark is smooth to scaly. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long. The strong durable timber is locally used for railway ties and in saltwater construction.
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Dendrohyphidia are present. Cylindrical to somewhat spindle shaped cystidia may be present. Basidia are club shaped and have four sterigmata. Spores are ellipsoid to cylindrical in shape, translucent with thin walls, and smooth.
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The pores and angular, thin-walled, and number about one to three per millimetre. Spores produced by the fungus are ellipsoid in shape, smooth, hyaline (translucent), measuring 4–5 by 2–2.4 μm.
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Basidiospores are spherical to broadly ellipsoid, thin- to thick-walled, smooth, hyaline, and have a negative reaction to Melzer's reagent. Species of Oxyporus grow on both conifers and hardwoods, causing a white rot.
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Diospyros plectosepala is a tree in the family Ebenaceae. It grows up to tall. The fruits are oblong to ellipsoid, up to long. The specific epithet ' is from the Greek meaning "twisted sepal".
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Flowers are fleshy, oblong, truncate, and have 3 anthers with 2 lodicules. Species' fruits are caryopsis, ellipsoid, and have an additional pericarp. It is also long and have a linear hilum as well.
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The skeletal hyphae are present in the subiculum only and distinctly thinner than the generative hyphae. The spores are ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, and smooth. They usually contain one or two oil droplets.
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Journal of African Archaeology 4: 235–252. 13\. Sadr, K. & Fauvelle- Aymar, F-X. 2006. Ellipsoid grinding hollows on the west coast of South Africa. Southern African Humanities 18(2): 29–50. 14\.
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The pores, initially round, become angular or irregular in age. The club-shaped stipes have a dry surface, with striations at the top but no reticulations. Spores have an ovoid to ellipsoid shape.
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For Raman spectra the molecules undergo transitions in which an incident photon is absorbed and another scattered photon is emitted. The general selection rule for such a transition to be allowed is that the molecular polarizability must be anisotropic, which means that it is not the same in all directions. Polarizability is a 3-dimensional tensor that can be represented as an ellipsoid. The polarizability ellipsoid of spherical top molecules is in fact spherical so those molecules show no rotational Raman spectrum.
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Ellipsoids usually provide tighter fitting than a sphere. Intersections with ellipsoids are done by scaling the other object along the principal axes of the ellipsoid by an amount equal to the multiplicative inverse of the radii of the ellipsoid, thus reducing the problem to intersecting the scaled object with a unit sphere. Care should be taken to avoid problems if the applied scaling introduces skew. Skew can make the usage of ellipsoids impractical in certain cases, for example collision between two arbitrary ellipsoids.
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The realization that the figure of the Earth is more accurately described as an ellipsoid dates to the 17th century, as described by Isaac Newton in Principia. In the early 19th century, the flattening of the earth ellipsoid was determined to be of the order of 1/300 (Delambre, Everest). The modern value as determined by the US DoD World Geodetic System since the 1960s is close to 1/298.25.See figure of the Earth and Earth radius for details.
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An advantage of these methods is that in the favorable cases it can find the exact value of the joint spectral radius and provide a certificate that this is the exact value. The second family of methods approximate the extremal norm with modern optimization techniques, such as ellipsoid norm approximation,Vincent D. Blondel, Yurii Nesterov and Jacques Theys, On the accuracy of the ellipsoid norm approximation of the joint spectral radius, Linear Algebra and its Applications, 394:1, pp. 91–107, 2005.
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Canarium decumanum grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The grey bark is smooth to scaly. The flowers are yellow-brown. The fruits are ellipsoid and measure up to long.
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PZ-90 (short for Parametry Zemli 1990 goda, in ) is a geodetic datum defined for use in the GLONASS system. PZ-90 uses ellipsoid parameters that are linked to the SK-42 reference system.
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Dacryodes incurvata grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is grey-brown and smooth. The ellipsoid or ovoid fruits ripen yellow then purplish and measure up to long.
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Kopsia arborea grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is grey. Its flowers feature a white corolla. The fruits are blue-black, ellipsoid or roundish, up to long.
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The stipe is smooth, cylindrical, has a bulbous base, and has a ring. The spores are smooth, hyaline, and ellipsoid. The spore print is white, cream, or yellowish. The ring is whitish to white.
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Canarium littorale grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Its grey bark is smooth to scaly. The fruits are ellipsoid to ovoid and measure up to long.
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Canarium patentinervium grows as an understory tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Its smooth bark is coloured grey. The twigs are brownish. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Inonotus acutus is a species of fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. It is characterized by having small and thin basidiocarps, a sharp pileus margin, ventricose hymenial setae, and ellipsoid, yellowish and thick-walled basidiospores.
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Diospyros parabuxifolia is a tree in the family Ebenaceae. It grows up to tall. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to in diameter. The specific epithet ' is from the Greek meaning "similar to D. buxifolia".
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Meridians are half of a great circle on the Earth's surface. The length of a meridian on a modern ellipsoid model of the earth (WGS 84) has been estimated at 20,003.93 km (12,429.9 miles) .
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Payena lamii is a tree in the family Sapotaceae. It grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Inflorescences bear up to 10 flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
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Z. bailii vegetative cells are usually ellipsoid, non-motile and reproduced asexually by multilateral budding, i.e. the buds can arise from various sites on the cells.Sutton, B.C., 1999. Overview of classification of the fungi.
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Alangium kurzii grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The smooth bark is dark grey. The flowers are pale greenish to creamy yellow. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Gonystylus augescens grows as a small tree. The twigs are dark brown. Fruit is ellipsoid, reddish brown, up to long. The specific epithet augescens is from the Latin meaning "elongating", referring to the inflorescence.
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Lemma itself is muticous with acuminate apex. Flowers have a hairy ovary and three stamens that are long. The fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp that is ellipsoid, while the hilum is linear.
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For larger regions, it is necessary to model the shape of the earth using an ellipsoid or a geoid. Many countries have created coordinate-grids customized to lessen error in their area of the earth.
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Flowers c. 15-18 mm in diam.; buds ellipsoid, rounded. Sepals 2-4 x 1.3-1.7 mm, unequal, shortly united, oblong to ovate, subacute to rounded, margin entire, glands submarginal, veins 3-5, not prominent.
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The female flowers have 2 to 6 stigmas. They have a 1-locular ovary with 2 ovules. The globose to ellipsoid fruits resemble a drupe. Their color varies from green to white, red and black.
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The radial spines reach a length of up to 1 centimeter. The white flowers are 8 to 10 inches long. The up to 8 centimeters long yellow fruits are ellipsoid and contain a white pulp.
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The shiny dark brown to black coloured seeds within the pods are arranged longitudinally. The seeds have an obloid to obloid-ellipsoid shape with a length of and a width of with a white aril.
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Madhuca hirtiflora grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Its bark is greyish brown. Inflorescences bear up to six flowers. The fruit is greyish, ellipsoid, up to long.
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Madhuca sericea grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is greyish brown. Inflorescences bear up to seven flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long and greyish when young.
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Canarium pseudopatentinervium grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Its yellow-brown bark is scaly to dimpled. The twigs are whitish. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Flowers are borne in racemes or panicles up to 35 cm long. Drupes are green, drying black, spherical to ellipsoid, up to 25 mm long.Gray, Asa. 1848. Genera Florae Americae Boreali-Orientalis Illustrata 1: 76.
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Maranthes corymbosa grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The smooth bark is grey-brown. The flowers are pink, tinged white. The edible fruits are ellipsoid and measure up to long.
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There are 1-2 stamens and an ovary with two stigmas. The perianth is persistent in fruit. The fruit wall (pericarp) is membranous. The vertical seed is ellipsoid, with yellowish brown, membranous, hairy seed coat.
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The fruits are ellipsoid to round, up to in diameter. The fruit is locally used to stun fish. Habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forests from sea level to altitude. D. piscicapa is endemic to Borneo.
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The flesh in the stipe is white and does not change color with injury. It has ellipsoid spores measuring 11–14 by 5–7 µm. The type collection was made in Kunming in August 1938.
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The basidia are club shaped with typically four sterigmata, an d measure 15–23 by 6.5–7.5 μm. Spores are ellipsoid to more or less spherical, hyaline, and measure 5–7 by 3.5–4.5 μm.
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Generally, they have a diameter of 2-8 μm and length of 3-25 μm. Blastoconidia (cell buds) are observed. They are unicellular, globose, and ellipsoid to elongate in shape. Multilateral (multipolar) budding is typical.
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The fungus produces ovoid to ellipsoid basidiospores that measure 5.0–6.2 by 4.0–5.0 μm. Molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences indicate that L. ailaoshanensis is a unique lineage in the genus Laetiporus.
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Chionanthus pluriflorus grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Its bark is greenish. The flowers are yellow or yellowish green. The fruit is green, ellipsoid, up to long.
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The spores are typically 7.5–9 by 7.5–9 µm, spherical to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, and thin-walled. Under a microscope, the spores appear hyaline (translucent), and are amyloid—meaning they will turn bluish-black to black when stained with Melzer's reagent. The basidia are 30.5–57 by 8–16 µm, four- spored, and not clamped at the base. The margin cells of the gills are plentiful, spherical, club-shaped or swollen spherically at the tip, hyaline, and measure 13–58 by 8–33 µm.
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Amanita pseudoporphyria, also known as Hongo's false death cap, is a species of agaric fungus from the genus Amanita that grows solitarily or gregarious in coniferous forests. Originally described from Japan, it is now also known in Northern India, Thailand, and Nepal. It is quite a common species in southern China and is sold in free markets, along with the similar mushroom, Amanita manginiana. It differs only slightly by having more abundant inflated cells of its volva, and its ellipsoid to broad ellipsoid spores.
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Small moons, asteroids, and comet nuclei frequently have irregular shapes. For some of these, such as Jupiter's Io, a scalene (triaxial) ellipsoid is a better fit than the oblate spheroid. For highly irregular bodies, the concept of a reference ellipsoid may have no useful value, so sometimes a spherical reference is used instead and points identified by planetocentric latitude and longitude. Even that can be problematic for non-convex bodies, such as Eros, in that latitude and longitude don't always uniquely identify a single surface location.
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Tremella species produce hyphae that are typically (but not always) clamped and have haustorial cells from which hyphal filaments seek out and penetrate the hyphae of the host. The basidia are "tremelloid" (globose to ellipsoid, sometimes stalked, and vertically or diagonally septate), giving rise to long, sinuous sterigmata or epibasidia on which the basidiospores are produced. These spores are smooth, globose to ellipsoid, and germinate by hyphal tube or by yeast cells. Conidiophores are often present, producing conidiospores that are similar to yeast cells.
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Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude represent similar quantities with different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure). When used without qualification, the term latitude refers to geodetic latitude. For example, the latitude used in geographic coordinates is geodetic latitude.
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All parts are fragile. The flesh is white, thin and does not bear a distinctive taste. The spore mass is white. With the aid of a light microscope, the spores are seen ellipsoid, smooth and colourless.
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Dacryodes costata grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The grey-brown bark is smooth to flaky. The flowers are white. The fruits are ellipsoid or ovoid and measure up to long.
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8 pairs; tertiary nerves obliquely and distantly percurrent; petiole ca. 0.3 cm long, planoconvex in cross section, glabrous. Flowers axillary, solitary or racemes, 1–2 cm long; flowers sessile. Drupe, cylindrical or ellipsoid, 1.1 cm long.
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Tabernaemontana elegans grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Its fragrant flowers feature white, creamy or pale yellow corolla lobes. Fruit consists of 2 separate ovoid or ellipsoid pods, up to each.
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Madhuca glabrescens grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is reddish brown. Inflorescences bear up to six flowers. The fruit is yellowish-brown, ellipsoid, up to long.
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This is a grouping of related Southern Hemisphere species characterized by an abundant universal veil, medium to large and pale fruitbodies, and ellipsoid to amygdaliform (almond-shaped) spores. It is commonly known as the skirt webcap.
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Petals are white or yellow, and the fruit ovoid or ellipsoid. There are about 125 to 140 species in the genus.Güner, E. D., et al. (2011). Pollen morphology of the genus Seseli L.(Umbelliferae) in Turkey.
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Madhuca motleyana grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is greyish brown. Inflorescences bear up to 12 flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long and ripen yellow then reddish.
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Flowers are fleshy, oblong, truncate, are growing together and are long. Flowers' 3 anthers are long with 2 lodicules. Fruits are dark brown in colour, ellipsoid, have an additional pericarp and are long with linear hilum.
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Flowers are ciliate, fleshy, and truncate. They also grow together, are long and have 3 anthers that are long. The fruits are long and are ellipsoid. They also have caryopsis with additional pericarp and linear hilum.
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Madhuca dubardii grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is reddish brown. Inflorescences bear up to four flowers. The fruit is greyish-brown, ellipsoid, up to long.
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The spores are ellipsoid and thick-walled, with indistinct, irregular bumps and low longitudinal ridges; the surface ornamentations become conspicuous after the spores have been stained in methyl blue. Mature spores are sometimes smooth and hyaline.
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Before Jacobi, the Maclaurin spheroid, which was formulated in 1742, was considered to be the only type of ellipsoid which can be in equilibrium. Lagrange in 1811Lagrange, J. L. (1811). Mécanique Analytique sect. IV 2 vol.
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Flowers are fleshy, oblong, truncate, are growing together and are long. Flowers' 3 anthers are long with 2 lodicules. Fruits are dark brown in colour, ellipsoid, have an additional pericarp and are long with linear hilum.
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The spheroidal dome is obtained by sectioning off a portion of a spheroid so that the resulting dome is circularly symmetric (having an axis of rotation), and likewise the ellipsoidal dome is derived from the ellipsoid.
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Petals are purple or white abaxially hispidulous. Its styles are short. The fruit is oblong-ovate or ellipsoid, to 6 x 4mm. It is hirsute, especially on dorsal ribs; its lateral ribs have very thick wings.
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The stipe, which measures long by thick, has glandular dots on its yellowish surface. The spore print is brown; spores are thin-walled, ellipsoid to somewhat cylindrical, with dimensions of 6.5–9.5 by 2.8–4.0 µm.
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The downy hairy ovary is ellipsoid to egg-shaped, about 1 mm (0.04 in) long, and clearly distinguished from the style. The ovary is subtended by four yellow, awl-shaped scales of about 1 mm long.
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The downy hairy ovary is ellipsoid to egg-shaped, about 1 mm (0.04 in) long, and clearly distinguished from the style. The ovary is subtended by four yellow, awl-shaped scales of about 1 mm long.
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In this work he promulgated the theorem, known as Clairaut's theorem, which connects the gravity at points on the surface of a rotating ellipsoid with the compression and the centrifugal force at the equator. This hydrostatic model of the shape of the Earth was founded on a paper by Colin Maclaurin, which had shown that a mass of homogeneous fluid set in rotation about a line through its centre of mass would, under the mutual attraction of its particles, take the form of an ellipsoid. Under the assumption that the Earth was composed of concentric ellipsoidal shells of uniform density, Clairaut's theorem could be applied to it, and allowed the ellipticity of the Earth to be calculated from surface measurements of gravity. This proved Sir Isaac Newton's theory that the shape of the Earth was an oblate ellipsoid.
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The value for the semimajor axis (a) of the WGS 72 Ellipsoid is 6 378 135 meters. The adoption of an a-value 10 meters smaller than that for the WGS 66 Ellipsoid was based on several calculations and indicators including a combination of satellite and surface gravity data for position and gravitational field determinations. Sets of satellite derived station coordinates and gravimetric deflection of the vertical and geoid height data were used to determine local-to-geocentric datum shifts, datum rotation parameters, a datum scale parameter and a value for the semimajor axis of the WGS Ellipsoid. Eight solutions were made with the various sets of input data, both from an investigative point of view and also because of the limited number of unknowns which could be solved for in any individual solution due to computer limitations.
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Diospyros dictyoneura is a tree in the family Ebenaceae. It grows up to tall. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long. The specific epithet ' is from the Greek meaning "net of nerves", referring to the leaf veins.
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The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit which are berry-like drupes. The red fruits of N. caudatum are eaten by humans. The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.
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The flowers are yellow, with oblong sepals and longer, obovate petals. Later, it produces a fruit capsule, long cylindrical with a short beak. It contains 2 rows of yellow brown seeds, which are ovoid or ellipsoid shaped.
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The petals have two or three veins and lack glands. The five to sixteen stamens are rarely grouped, the longest measuring . The pistil is long and unilocular. The ovoid to ellipsoid ovary is about long and wide.
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They appear solitarily or in small groups on the fallen leaves (occasionally on twigs) of Salix species. The spores are broadly ellipsoid to pip-shaped, smooth, amyloid, and measure 7.5–8.7–10 by 4.8–5.5–6.5 µm.
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With such modified SIMCA methods, classification of an object requires both that its orthogonal distance from the model and its projection within the model (i.e. score value within the region defined by the ellipsoid) are not significant.
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The pores on the cap underside are up to 1.5 mm in diameter. The pore surface is initially white before changing to pale pink. Spores are ellipsoid, hyaline (translucent), and measure 17–18 by 6–7 µm.
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The fruits are oblong to ellipsoid, up to long. The tree is named for British botanist A. C. Maingay. Habitat is peat swamp and other lowland forests. D. maingayi is found in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.
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The length of the tube is twice that of the calyx. The upper lip is about long and has capsule fruit that does not fall off. The fruit is pink and red in colour and broadly ellipsoid.
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The basidia (the spore-bearing cells) are 30–35 by 6.5–7.5 μm. The spore deposit is rusty brown. The spores are ellipsoid, covered with fine warts or dots, and measure 8–9 by 5–5.5 μm.
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Pouteria malaccensis is a tree in the family Sapotaceae. It grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The flowers are greenish-white and fragrant. The fruits are ellipsoid to roundish, up to long.
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The stipe or stem is slender, tall, with a moveable ring just above the slightly bulbous base. The spores are ellipsoid and very large at 17–26 by 10–15 µm, very dark reddish-brown to black.
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Dipterocarpus kunstleri grows as a canopy tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Bark is orange-brown. Fruit is ellipsoid, up to long. Habitat is mixed dipterocarp forest from sea-level to altitude.
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The young fruit is round but becomes more ellipsoid as it ripens when it changes colour to yellow, orange or pale red. The fruit is mildly poisonous to humans and may cause fever, diarrhoea and stomach ache.
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Chionanthus porcatus grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is white or dark grey. The flowers are greenish yellow or white. Fruit is black, ellipsoid, up to long.
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Chionanthus curvicarpus grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is whitish grey or brown. The flowers are yellowish, sometimes greenish white. Fruit is green, ellipsoid, up to long.
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Karmarkar's algorithm is an algorithm introduced by Narendra Karmarkar in 1984 for solving linear programming problems. It was the first reasonably efficient algorithm that solves these problems in polynomial time. The ellipsoid method is also polynomial time but proved to be inefficient in practice. Denoting n as the number of variables and L as the number of bits of input to the algorithm, Karmarkar's algorithm requires O(n^{3.5} L) operations on O(L) digit numbers, as compared to O(n^6 L) such operations for the ellipsoid algorithm.
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It also happens to be the axis of symmetry of the index ellipsoid (a spheroid in this case). The index ellipsoid could still be described according to the refractive indices, , and , along three coordinate axes, however in this case two are equal. So if corresponding to the and axes, then the extraordinary index is corresponding to the axis, which is also called the optic axis in this case. However, materials in which all three refractive indices are different are termed biaxial and the origin of this term is more complicated and frequently misunderstood.
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This system was adopted at the XVII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) in Canberra, Australia, 1979. The GRS 80 reference system was originally used by the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84). The reference ellipsoid of WGS 84 now differs slightly due to later refinements. The numerous other systems which have been used by diverse countries for their maps and charts are gradually dropping out of use as more and more countries move to global, geocentric reference systems using the GRS80 reference ellipsoid.
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Viewed in deposit, such as with a spore print, the spores are white. Viewed with a microscope, the spores are broadly ellipsoid to elongate, translucent, thin-walled, amyloid, and have dimensions of 8.3–11.6 by 4.9–6.6 μm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are 38–46 by 9–11 μm, club- shaped, mostly 4-spored but some are 2- or 3- spored, with clamps. The cheilocystidia (cystidia found on the edge of a gill) are 23.3–31.5 by 11.6–15.7 μm, ellipsoid, club- to pear-shaped cells, partly in short rows.
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The cheilocystidia (cystidia found on the edge of the gill) are 15–45 by 10–30 μm, ellipsoid to club-shaped, and abundant. The cap cuticle is up to 165 μm thick, and is made of interwoven to radial hyphae, 2.5–8 μm diameter, which is slightly to strongly gelatinized. The universal veil on the cap consists of mainly roughly spherical to ellipsoid but also club-shaped and elongated cells, up to 75 by 40 μm, arranged in short, terminal chains and relatively sparse hyphae, measuring 3–7.5 μm in diameter.
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It was stated earlier that measurements are made on the apparent or topographic surface of the Earth and it has just been explained that computations are performed on an ellipsoid. One other surface is involved in geodetic measurement: the geoid. In geodetic surveying, the computation of the geodetic coordinates of points is commonly performed on a reference ellipsoid closely approximating the size and shape of the Earth in the area of the survey. The actual measurements made on the surface of the Earth with certain instruments are however referred to the geoid.
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None of these genera have species with ellipsoid ascospores; ascospore shape is known to be an important criterion in the Rhytismatales for distinguishing between genera, so the authors felt justified in creating a new genus for their discovery.
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Fruit Irvingia malayana grows as a large tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is greyish to whitish. The flowers are greenish white or yellowish. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Heilmann- Clausen et al. (2000), pp. 244–5. Lactarius fuliginosus is not edible, and may be somewhat poisonous. The spore print is pinkish buff. The spores are spherical to broadly ellipsoid, measuring 7.4–9.2 by 6.6–8.4 µm.
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Madhuca borneensis grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is greyish. Inflorescences bear up to seven white flowers. The fruit is reddish-brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, up to long.
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Alangium longiflorum grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The smooth bark is dark brown. The flowers are white. The ellipsoid to ovoid fruits ripen pinkish and measure up to long.
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Spores narrowly ellipsoid to allantoid, hyaline, smooth. Most Auricularia species are edible and are grown commercially. Auricularia species are widely distributed in Kerala's Western Ghats, and recently, Auricularia auricula-judae, A. polytricha, and A. mesenterica have been reported.
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Melicope subunifoliolata grows up as a shrub or tree up to tall. The branchlets are hairy to velvety when young. The inflorescences are hairy to velvety and measure up to long. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Křovák's projection is conic projection invented by Czech geodesist Josef Křovák. The projection is based on Bessel ellipsoid and it was made for the best projection of Czechoslovakia. It is used for State maps of the Czech Republic.
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Upper surface of the leaves glandular-pubescent while the lower surface has villous hairs on veins. Inflorescence is a narrow panicle with deep wine red to deep reddish-purple corolla. Nutlets are ellipsoid and pale brown in color.
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The fruits are ovoid to ellipsoid, up to long. The specific epithet ' is from the Greek meaning "small-leaved". Habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp to montane forest, from sea level to altitude. P. microphylla is endemic to Borneo.
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Lithocarpus beccarianus grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The brown bark is scaly. The coriaceous leaves measure up to long. Its brown acorns are ellipsoid and measure up to long.
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Chionanthus callophylloides grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is brown. Fruit is blue green, ellipsoid up to long. Its habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forest, sometimes in swamps.
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The cystidia, which are scattered on the surface on the spines (the spore-bearing surface), are double-walled with a discontinuous internal lumen. The spores are ellipsoid in shape, translucent, and measure 4–5 by 2–2.5 μm.
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Characteristics of Lecanora aberrata include its grey-white to creamy-white thallus, and the dense granular soridia on the upper surface. It contains the chemicals atranorin, pannarin, and arthrothelin. Spores are ellipsoid, measuring 8.5–11.0 by 5.0–6.5 μm.
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Diospyros clementium is a tree in the family Ebenaceae. It grows up to tall. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to in diameter. The tree is named for American husband-and-wife plant collectors Joseph Clemens and Mary Strong Clemens.
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Further more: r^2_y = r^2_x - c^2. From the upper diagram one gets: S_1, S_2 are the foci of the ellipse (of the ellipsoid) in the x-z-plane and the equation r^2_z = r^2_x - a^2.
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The fruits are ellipsoid to round, drying black, up to in diameter. The tree is named for the British naturalist G. D. Haviland. Its habitat is peat swamp forests. D. havilandii is endemic to Borneo and confined to Sarawak.
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Polychaos is an amoeboid genus in the Amoebozoa group. Several characters unite the species in this genus. The pseudopods meld at their bases when the organism is moving, and have dorsal, longitudinal ridges. The nucleus is oval or ellipsoid.
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Petals measure 13–32 mm x 10–32 mm. Flowers June–early August. Flowers are typically significantly darker than those of Meconopsis grandis or Meconopsis horridula. Fruit: oblong-ellipsoid to subcylindric green capsules with purple ribs ripening to brown.
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The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long. The tree is named after Malaysia's Sarawak state. Its habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forest from sea level to altitude. M. sarawakensis is endemic to Borneo and restricted to Sarawak's Kuching Division.
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Smaller sporangia also have smooth persistent walls. Sporangiophores are ellipsoid (6-7 μm in diameter) or subglobose (4-6 μm in diameter). Numerous chlamydospores are also produced. Colonies are fast growing and go up to 2 cm in height.
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Trichaptum perenne is a species of fungus in the order Hymenochaetales. It differs from species in its genus by its perennial and pileate habit, its large pores and dissepiments, and oblong, ellipsoid basidiospores. It was first isolated from China.
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Dracontomelon costatum grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Its bark is cracking in appearance. The flowers are pale yellow. The ovoid to ellipsoid fruits ripen black and measure up to long.
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The generative hyphae have clamp connections. Basidia are club shaped with four sterigmata, and have a clamp at the base. Spores are cylindrical to ellipsoid in shape with a smooth surface. They are hyaline (translucent), and have oily contents.
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Twigs are orange-brown with a felty coating of hairs. Leaves can be as much as 80 mm long. The acorn is ovoid-ellipsoid or globose, 15-20 × 13–15 mm, with a scar 5–7 mm in diameter.
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The spores are olive-brown in mass. When viewed under the microscope they are ellipsoid to fusiform (spindle-shaped), measuring 10–15.5 by 4–5.5 μm. The cap cuticle is a trichodermium of septate cylindrical hyphae, sometimes finely incrusted.
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Initially white, they later become pink with white edges. The spore print of Pluteus exilis is pinkish-brown. Its ellipsoid to egg-shaped spores measure 7–8 by 4.5–5.5 µm. Singer additionally described the variety P. exilis var.
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The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "stalkless leaf". Habitat is limestone hill forests from sea level to altitude. A. sessilifolia is endemic to Borneo and confined to Malaysia's Sabah state.
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The fruits are round to ellipsoid, up to long. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "rust-coloured", referring to the indumentum. The timber is used commercially. Habitat is mostly mixed dipterocarp forests from sea-level to altitude.
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Castanopsis hypophoenicea grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The greyish bark is rough, sometimes smooth. The coriaceous leaves measure up to long. Its ovoid or ellipsoid nuts measure up to long.
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Stems are branches and branchlets quadrangular, glabrous. Leaves are simple, opposite, decussate; petiole 0.8-2.5 cm long, narrowly margined. It bearing white flowers, fragrant, in panicles. Fruits and seeds are drupe, ellipsoid, apiculate, to 3.7 cm long, one seeded.
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The spherical to ellipsoid spores are yellowish- brown. They measure 20–30 by 20–25 μm and feature a surface ornamentation of irregular polygonal meshes. The mesh ridges are up to 4 μm high and 5–8 μm wide.
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The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North Western Europe. Microscopically, it has ellipsoid to fusiform spores measuring 11.5–14 × 4–5.5 μm. The hyphal structure of the cap is a trichodermium of interwoven septate hyphae, often finely incrusted.
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Corollas can be up to 3 cm long and vary in size. The corolla consists of the whorl of petals. The capsule is 11–14 mm long and seeds are ellipsoid to circular, and range from 3–4 mm.
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The spores are ellipsoid in shape, and measure 17–21 by 10–12 µm. They are hyaline (translucent), and contain a single central oil drop (guttulate). The spore- bearing cells, the asci, are 225–250 by 12–17 µm.
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When optimizing over a function in n variables, the dth level of the hierarchy can be written as a semidefinite program over n^{O(d)} variables, and can be solved in time n^{O(d)} using the ellipsoid method.
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The fruits are roundish to ellipsoid, up to in diameter. The tree is named after the Andaman Islands. Habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests from sea level to altitude. D. andamanica is found in the Andaman Islands, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.
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The ring is membranous, measuring 1–2 mm thick. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown. The spores are ellipsoid, and measure 5–5.5 by 3.5–5 µm. Agaricus santacatalinensis is classified in the subgenus Lanagaricus of the genus Agaricus.
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These are coloured white at first, becoming yellow with age and olivaceous-brown at full maturity. The spores are cylindric-ellipsoid, smooth, with oil drops and dimensions 15.5-20 by 4.5-5.5 µm. They produce an olive-brown spore print.
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Fruit is black, ellipsoid, up to long. The specific epithet excelsa is from the Latin meaning "lofty", referring to the tree's growth. Habitat is forests from sea level to altitude. H. excelsa is found in Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.
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They have brown, ellipsoid fruits up to long. The specific epithet velutina comes from the Latin meaning "velvety", referring to the petiole. They grow naturally in lowland mixed dipterocarp forests' habitats from sea level to altitude in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.
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Their inflorescence is in diameter, which ends with a congested subspherical thyrse. The sepals are with petals ranging up to 2 × 1.5 cm. The fruit that the plant gives is either pink or yellow, and is both spherical and ellipsoid.
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The spore print is white, and the ellipsoid spores measure 7–9 x 4–5 μm. A very similar species (only recently described) H. helobi (Arnolds) Bon; appears earlier in the season, prefers less acidic soils, and smells of garlic.
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The shape of the spores ranges from broadly ellipsoid to egg-shaped to more or less spherical, and measure 4.5–6 by 4–5 µm. They are slightly thick-walled, smooth, hyaline (translucent), and are non-reactive with Melzer's reagent.
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The spores are white in deposit; microscopically, they are ellipsoid and smooth, with dimensions of 8–10 by 4.5–5 µm. There are no cystidia present in the gills of this species, and clamp connections are present on the hyphae.
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Single phialides are not associated with conidiophores but may arise on vegetative aerial hyphae. Globe to ellipsoid chlamydospores 3.5 μm in diameter may be produced submerged in the growth medium beneath the mycelium. No sexual state is known. Colonies are odorless.
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Flowers are fleshy with imbricate inflorescence. Perianth is campanulate. Male flowers have 2-loculed anthers, broadly ellipsoid, dehiscent by apical pores; apical cupular body base convex; gynostegium blood red. The female flowers have a concave cupular body base with sterile stamens.
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There are no cystidia in the hymenium. The spores are mostly small, with their longest dimension typically less than 5 µm. They are smooth and thin-walled, hyaline (translucent), with an allantoid (long with rounded ends) to broadly ellipsoid shape.
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Castanopsis clemensii grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The yellowish white bark is smooth or cracked or lenticellate. The coriaceous leaves measure up to long. Its ellipsoid nuts measure up to long.
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Azadirachta excelsa grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Its bark is pinkish grey or pinkish brown. The sweetly scented flowers are creamy-white. Its fruits are ellipsoid, green turning yellow at maturity, up to long.
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Castanopsis megacarpa grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The grey bark is smooth or slightly fissured. The coriaceous leaves measure up to long. Its roundish or ellipsoid nuts measure up to long.
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The fungus produces ellipsoid to pear-shaped (pyriform) or drop-shaped basidiospores that measure 5.8–7.2 by 4.3–5.5 μm. Molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences indicate that L. zonatus is a unique lineage in the genus Laetiporus.
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Its spores are smooth, ellipsoid, and measure 5.5–7 by 2–3 μm. Accounts differ as to the edibility of the fungus; one source says it is inedible, while another says it is edible with a mild odor and taste.
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Computing Löwner-John ellipsoids has applications in obstacle collision detection for robotic systems, where the distance between a robot and its surrounding environment is estimated using a best ellipsoid fit. It also has applications in portfolio optimization with transaction costs.
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Teil (1880) and 2. Teil] (1884); English translation: Mathematical and Physical Theories of Higher Geodesy, Vol. 1 and 2. Helmert also derived the first global ellipsoid in 1906 with an accuracy of 100 meters (0.002 percent of the Earth's radii).
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Alangium rotundifolium grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The smooth to scaly bark is white to pale grey. The fragrant flowers are white or cream to yellow. The ovate-ellipsoid fruits are reddish when ripe.
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It is finely pruinose, punctate at the top with whitish fibrils near the base when young or undisturbed. Psilocybe aucklandiae spores are dark violet brown, oblong to ellipsoid, and 7 x 4 µm. Paul Stamets. Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World.
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The ovaries are covered in dense rows of hair. Together the hairless style and stigma are 1.6-4.2 by 0.1-0.2 millimeters. Its dark red, ellipsoid, slightly hairy to hairy fruit are 1.6-4.0 by 0.8-1.7 centimeters with smooth surfaces.
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Pseudocyphellae are not present. Cell walls contain the α-glucan compound isolichenan. The apothecia of Melanelixia have an abundantly fenestrated or pored epicortex. Ascospores are ellipsoid to ovoid in shape, thin-walled, and measure 9–15 by 5–11.5 μm.
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Ovary cylindrical, glabrous. Style in male flowers missing, in female flowers columnar, greenish yellow. Stigmas bulging, greenish yellow. Fruit 8–12 × 3–4 cm, ellipsoid to oblong, when immature green with white longitudinal spots to stripes with waxy bloom, ripe red.
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Chionanthus macrocarpus grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The flowers are white. Fruit is bluish green when fresh, ellipsoid, up to long. The specific epithet macrocarpus is from the Greek meaning "large fruit".
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After those two initial deformations, several other types of secondary brittle deformation can be observed, such as frictional sliding or cataclastic flow on reactivated joints or faults. Most often, fracture profiles will look like either a blade, ellipsoid, or circle.
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The spores are broadly ellipsoid. The spores are broadly ellipsoid, amyloid (meaning they will adsorb iodine when stained with Melzer's reagent), and measure 7–10 by 4–6 μm. The basidia (the spore- bearing cells) are usually four-spored, although two- and three-spored forms have been found on which the spores measure 11–14 by 6–6.5 μm or 8–10 by 3.5–4.5 μm, respectively. The pleurocystidia (cystidia on the face of a gill) are scattered, rare or absent, 30–44 by 9–13 μm, variable in shape, fusoid- ventricose to club-shaped, with some having a forked apex.
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With his entry to the Gradmessungsbüro in 1921 he turned to geomensuration and geophysics, in particular his work on the meridian arc Großenhain-Kremsmünster-Pola, which detailed the use of comparisons of vertical deflections. Later he studied the important problem of the geoid (the Earth's shape), for example through the reduction of observations of weight and the subject known as isostasy (the study of gravitational equilibrium within the Earth). From the 1930s he concentrated on the study of the reference ellipsoid and phase diagrams, as well as the elliptical shape of the Equator, the level spheroid, and the triaxial Jacobi ellipsoid.
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As shown in the figure, the singular values can be interpreted as the magnitude of the semiaxes of an ellipse in 2D. This concept can be generalized to -dimensional Euclidean space, with the singular values of any square matrix being viewed as the magnitude of the semiaxis of an -dimensional ellipsoid. Similarly, the singular values of any matrix can be viewed as the magnitude of the semiaxis of an -dimensional ellipsoid in -dimensional space, for example as an ellipse in a (tilted) 2D plane in a 3D space. Singular values encode magnitude of the semiaxis, while singular vectors encode direction.
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The ring is membranous, superior, skirt-like, flaring then collapsing, pale yellowish white to cream to white, slightly more yellow underneath, with a thickened edge. The volva is absent or present as rings of yellow-brown warts on the bulb or brilliant yellow loose patches appressed to the stem and are large, friable, detersile, sometimes lost during collecting. The flesh is white or slightly pink, hollow or partially hollowed in the middle to stuffed. The spores measure 7.8-11.0 (0.78-1.1 mm) × 5.4-7.0 (0.54-0.70 mm) µm and are ellipsoid to elongate (infrequently broadly ellipsoid) and amyloid.
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The isometric latitude, , is used in the development of the ellipsoidal versions of the normal Mercator projection and the Transverse Mercator projection. The name "isometric" arises from the fact that at any point on the ellipsoid equal increments of and longitude give rise to equal distance displacements along the meridians and parallels respectively. The graticule defined by the lines of constant and constant , divides the surface of the ellipsoid into a mesh of squares (of varying size). The isometric latitude is zero at the equator but rapidly diverges from the geodetic latitude, tending to infinity at the poles.
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The genus Gigantorhynchus is characterized by the presence of a cylindrical proboscis with a crown of robust hooks at the apex followed by numerous small hooks on the rest of the proboscis. The body, or trunk, is long with pseudosegmentation, the lemnisci are filiform, and the testes are ellipsoid. Species of Gigantorhynchus are distinguished based on the number and size of hooks on the crown of the proboscis, the type of pseudosegmentation, and size of the ellipsoid eggs. Males of all species possess eight cement glands which are used to temporarily close the posterior end of the female after copulation.
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A Zel'dovich pancake is a theoretical condensation of gas out of a primordial density fluctuation following the Big Bang. In 1970, Yakov B. Zel'dovich showed that for an ellipsoid of gas on a supergalactic scale, an approximation can be used that will model the collapse as occurring most rapidly along the shortest axis, resulting in a pancake form. This approximation assumes that the ellipsoid of gas is sufficiently large that the effect of pressure is negligible and only gravitational attraction needs to be considered. That is, the gas will collapse without being significantly perturbed by outward pressure.
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Following Khachiyan's work, the ellipsoid method was the only algorithm for solving linear programs whose runtime had been proved to be polynomial until Karmarkar's algorithm. However, Karmarkar's interior-point method and variants of the simplex algorithm are much faster than the ellipsoid method in practice. Karmarkar's algorithm is also faster in the worst case. However, the ellipsoidal algorithm allows complexity theorists to achieve (worst-case) bounds that depend on the dimension of the problem and on the size of the data, but not on the number of rows, so it remained important in combinatorial optimization theory for many years.
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Gian Domenico Cassini then his son Jacques Cassini later continued Picard's arc (Paris meridian arc) northward to Dunkirk and southward to the Spanish border. Cassini divided the measured arc into two parts, one northward from Paris, another southward. When he computed the length of a degree from both chains, he found that the length of one degree of latitude in the northern part of the chain was shorter than that in the southern part (see illustration). Cassini's ellipsoid; Huygens' theoretical ellipsoid This result, if correct, meant that the earth was not a sphere, but a prolate spheroid (taller than wide).
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The currently most widely used reference ellipsoid, that of the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80), approximates the geoid to within a little over ±100 m. One can construct a simple model geopotential U that has as one of its equipotential surfaces this reference ellipsoid, with the same model potential U_0 as the true potential W_0 of the geoid; this model is called a normal potential. The difference T=W-U is called the disturbing potential. Many observable quantities of the gravity field, such as gravity anomalies and deflections of the plumbline, can be expressed in this disturbing potential.
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An occultation on March 19, 1981, suggested a diameter of 219±25 km. Observations of an occultation on October 14, 1999, using four well-placed chords, indicate an ellipsoid of 278×142 km and that 48 Doris is an extremely irregularly shaped object.
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Coprobolus is a fungal genus in the family Thelebolaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Coprobolus poculiformis. It was first described scientifically in 1970. C. poculiformis has hyaline ellipsoid ascosporess and multispored asci that split open at the apex.
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If projected onto an oblique hyperplane, its image is either an ellipsoid or a solid cone with an ellipsoidal base (resembling an ice cream cone). These images are the analogues of the possible images of the solid cone projected to 2 dimensions.
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Gluta laxiflora grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Its dark grey bark is scaly. The large leaves measure up to long. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long and are coloured brown or reddish brown.
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The spore print is white. Spores are ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline (translucent), and measure 6.5–8 by 5–6 µm. The basidia are four-spored. Cheilocystidia are cylindrical to club-shaped, smooth, hyaline to dark grey, and measure 25–35 by 8–25 µm.
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Fruit bodies of M. rubiginosa are distinguished by their reddish colour, and spines up to long. The hyphal system is monomitic, containing only generative hyphae. The spores are ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled and translucent, with dimensions of 4–4.5 by 2.5–2.75 µm.
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The ascospores are simple, colourless, ellipsoid, thick walled, with a broad range of dimensions: 20-120 × 10-50 µm. Pycnidia, if present, are produced along the lamina, and minute, immersed, and punctiform with a dark apex. Conidia, if present, are short and bacilliform.
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The medulla is white, while the lower surface is black to dark brown near the margins. The apothecia are 2–10 mm wide with a dark brown disc. Ascospores of H. vainioi are ellipsoid and measure 10–12 by 5–8 μm.
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Inonotus rigidus is a species of fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. It is distinguished by its resupinate and rigid basidiocarps, its yellow pore surface, being microscopically ellipsoid and yellowish brown, its thick-walled basidiospores, and by lacking both setal hyphae and hymenial setae.
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After the iris has flowered, it produces an ellipsoid, seed capsule, 1.5–2.5 cm long, with 6 ridges, between May and August. Inside the capsule, are reddish brown to brown, pyriform (pear shaped) or globose seeds, which have a papery testa (coating).
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Its conidiomata are stromatic and pycnidial; its mycelium being uniloculate and non-papillate, with a central ostiole. Paraphyses are hyaline and cylindrical. Conidiophores are absent in this species. Its conidiogenous cells are holoblastic and also hyaline, while its conidia are aseptate and ellipsoid.
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The hymenium lacks cystidia. Spores are smooth, ellipsoid, hyaline, and inamyloid. Lignosus is similar in morphology to Microporus, but the fungi in this latter genus grow on wood and do not arise from a sclerotium. Microporus spores are cylindrical to allantoid (sausage-shaped).
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Cystidia can be absent or present from the hymenium. Antrodiella spores are small, rarely measuring above 5 µm in their longest dimension, and have a shape that is almost spherical, ellipsoid, or allantoid (sausage-shaped). They are thin- walled, hyaline, and non-amyloid.
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The dull white to yellow flowers are monoecious, and have a strong, unpleasant odour. They are borne in terminal spikes or short panicles. The fruits are smooth ellipsoid to ovoid drupes, yellow to orange- brown in colour, with a single angled stone.
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The fruits are indehiscent. The ovoid to ellipsoid seeds are small, around in length and are not winged. They are very numerous but do not remain viable for long. Being recalcitrant (unable to survive drying and freezing temperatures), it's impossible to store them.
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The flesh is whitish-grey, very soft and has a mild or non-distinct taste. The spores are clay-coloured and ellipsoid or subfusiform in shape. Their dimensions are 10-12 by 4-5.5 μm. It is an edible mushroom of low quality.
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The Earth is massive enough that the pull of gravity maintains its roughly spherical shape. Most of its deviation from spherical stems from the centrifugal force caused by rotation around its north-south axis. This force deforms the sphere into an oblate ellipsoid.
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The Roussilhe oblique stereographic projection is a mapping projection developed by Henri Roussilhe in 1922. The projection uses a truncated series to approximate an oblique stereographic projection for the ellipsoid. The projection received some attention in the former Soviet Union.Snyder, John P. (1993).
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The fruits are roundish to ovoid-ellipsoid, up to in diameter. The specific epithet ' is from the Greek meaning "fiery red or yellow fruits". Habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forests. D. pyrrhocarpa is found from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the Philippines.
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The fruits are round to ellipsoid, up to in diameter. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "reddish", referring to the indumentum of the young twigs. Habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forests. D. rufa is found in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.
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Section Hispidoderma consists of species with a filamentous pileipellis and thin-walled pleurocystidia. Section Celluloderma is defined by a cystoderm pileipellis composed of ellipsoid to saccate- pyriform to vesiculose cells with or without cystidioid elements. The widespread genus contains over 300 species.
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Their measurements demonstrated an oblate Earth, with a flattening of 1:210. This approximation to the true shape of the Earth became the new reference ellipsoid. In 1787 the first precise trigonometric survey to be undertaken within Britain was the Anglo-French Survey.
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The partial veil is white, membranous, and has small brown floccose scales concentrated near the margin. The annulus is thin and pendulous on the stipe.Arora, p. 314 The spores are 6.5–8.0 μm by 4.5–5.0 μm, smooth, thick-walled, and ellipsoid.
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They are smooth and thin-walled, hyaline (translucent), with an allantoid (long with rounded ends) to broadly ellipsoid shape. They are unreactive with Melzer's reagent. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are thin walled and club shaped, measuring 6–10 by 3–4 µm.
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Dipterocarpus fagineus grows as a medium-sized tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Bark is greyish brown. The fruits are roundish to ellipsoid, up to long. The specific epithet fagineus is from the Latin meaning "like a beech".
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In differential geometry and algebraic geometry, the last geometric statement of Jacobi is a conjecture named after Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi. According to this conjecture, every caustic from any point p on an ellipsoid other than umbilical points has exactly four cusps.
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The focal ellipse together with its inner part can be considered as the limit surface (infinitely thin ellipsoid) of the pencil of confocal ellipsoids determined by a,b for r_z \to 0. For the limit case one gets r_x = a,\; r_y = b,\; l = 3a - c.
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The buds are usually more or less ellipsoid in shape with a conical or hemispherical-conical bud-cap. The buds have a length of and a width of . The fruits that form are hemispherical or hemispherical-globose in shape. They have a length of to .
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This is not the only way of generating such a conformal projection. For example, the 'exact' version of the Transverse Mercator projection on the ellipsoid is not a double projection. (It does, however, involve a generalisation of the conformal latitude to the complex plane).
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The basidia bear four spores. The spores are dark brown and smooth, ellipsoid in shape, and 10 to 11 µm × 6 to 7 µm. There is a large germ pore on each spore. Flesh of the cap and stem is pale, thin, and brittle.
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Ungulidaedalea fragilis has rather fragile fruit bodies with a dark brown crust and large angular pores (numbering 1–2 per millimetre) on the cap underside. Microscopic characteristics include its densely septated skeletal hyphae, and oblong- ellipsoid spores that measure 4–5.2 by 2.2–2.8 μm.
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The apex of the fruit is very shortly mucronate, i.e. terminating in a sharp tip. The seeds are ellipsoid in shape and are 1.3 to cm 2.4 long by 0.7 to 1.4 cm wide. There are 11 haploid chromosomes present with the tree's DNA.
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For tables or equations for the magnetizing factors of the general ellipsoid see The demagnetizing factors are the principal values of the depolarization tensor, which gives both the internal and external values of the fields induced in ellipsoidal bodies by applied electric or magnetic fields.
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The spore print is olive-brown; basidiospores are smooth, amyloid, spindle shaped to ellipsoid, and have dimensions of 13–16 by 4.5–5.5 µm. The bolete is known only from coastal California, where it grows on the ground in mixed forests. Its edibility is unknown.
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Mastixia trichotoma grows as a tree measuring up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The smooth to fissured bark is yellowish grey to grey-brown. The flowers are green to yellowish green. The ovoid to ellipsoid fruits measure up to long.
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Ponerorchis cucullata grows from more or less ellipsoid tubers. It reaches a height of around 10–30 cm. It has two basal leaves, 5–7 cm long by 1.5–3 cm wide. One or two smaller bract-like leaves occur further up the stem.
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The Catalytic Domains of MMPs share very similar characteristics, having a general shape of oblate ellipsoid with a diameter of ~40 Å. Despite the similarity of the Catalytic domains of MMPs, this entry will focus only on the structural features of MMP-1 Catalytic Domain.
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It is slightly bulbous, and is enclosed into a volva. The ring is flared and white coloured. The ring is ample, membranous, and yellowish in colour. The spores are 8.5–10 μm long and 6–6.5 μm wide, and are white coloured, amyloid and ellipsoid.
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They tend to be flattened and rounded in cross section, in plain view as seen from above, and in longitudinal section. In fact their shape is a good first approximation to an ellipsoid, with legs and other appendages fitting closely into a streamlined surface.
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Asexual spores (conidia) are hyaline to brown in colour with transverse septa. The typical pyriform shape and 2-septate conidium morphology is characteristic for Pyricularia and Neopyricularia. Other genera have obclavate to more ellipsoid 2-septate conidia. Deightoniella and Macgarvieomyces evolved 1-septate conidia.
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Wikstroemia ovata grows as a shrub or small tree up to tall. Inflorescences bear up to 20 greenish-yellow flowers. The fruits are roundish to ellipsoid, up to long. The specific epithet ovata is from the Latin meaning "egg-shaped", referring to the leaves.
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The strobilus comprises whorls of sporangiophores. The sporangiophore equally trichotomizes twice to produce nine portions, each of which terminates in three adaxially recurved ellipsoid sporangia. The actinostele is three-ribbed. Although the sporangiophore bears sterile processes, it is not associated with any leafy bracts.
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Berberis pimana is a deciduous shrub up to 1.5 m tall, with compound leaves thinner than those of most evergreen species of the genus. It has red, ellipsoid berries each with several yellow or red seeds. It is related to Berberis moranensis Schult. & Schult.f.
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The cells of H. utahensis are extremely pleomorphic, exhibiting any shape from irregular coccoid or ellipsoid to triangular, club-shaped or rod-shaped forms. The rod-shaped and ellipsoid cells are 2-10 by 0.5-1 µm and 1-2 by 1 µm in size, respectively, and the spherical cells have a diameter of approximately 1 µm. The archaeon uses only a limited range of substrates, such as glucose, xylose, and fructose, for growth, and is unique in its inability to utilize yeast extract or peptone. Other substances that did not stimulate the organism's growth include organic acids, amino acids, alcohols, glycogen, and starch.
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Papers three and four are "Fundamental Theorems of Analysis Generalized for Space" and "On the definition of the Trigonometric Functions", which he had presented the previous year in Chicago at the Congress of Mathematicians held in connection with the World's Columbian Exhibition. He follows George Salmon in exhibiting the hyperbolic angle, argument of hyperbolic functions. The fifth paper is "Elliptic and Hyperbolic Analysis" which considers the spherical law of cosines as the fundamental theorem of the sphere, and proceeds to analogues for the ellipsoid of revolution, general ellipsoid, and equilateral hyperboloids of one and two sheets, where he provides the hyperbolic law of cosines. In 1900 Alexander published "Hyperbolic Quaternions"A.
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The same position on a spheroid has a different angle for latitude depending on whether the angle is measured from the normal line segment CP of the ellipsoid (angle α) or the line segment AP from the center (angle β). Note that the "flatness" of the spheroid (orange) in the image is greater than that of the Earth; as a result, the corresponding difference between the "geodetic" and "geocentric" latitudes is also exaggerated. In geodetic coordinates, the Earth's surface is approximated by an ellipsoid, and locations near the surface are described in terms of latitude (\phi), longitude (\lambda), and height (h).About the right/left- handed order of the coordinates, i.e.
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The cylindrical stipe measures long. It has a persistent ring measuring wide. The stipe surface features small, pressed-down scales above the ring, and more fluffy scales below the ring. Spores are more or less spherical to broadly ellipsoid, and measure 5.7–7.1 by 6.8–8.6 µm.
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C. cuprea, C. livida and C. talayana. Ascii are generally of the Lecanora-type, but Bacidia-type ascii are also observed in C. aglaea and C. perlata. The spores are usually simple and ellipsoid. There is much chemical variation of secondary metabolites in the species of Calvitimela.
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The formulas for calculating the normal gravity is based on the assumption of an imagined rotationally symmetrical ellipsoid model of the earth, the surface of which is identical to an equipotential surface. Consequently this formula depends only on the geographical latitude and the elevation of geographical location.
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Seed cones ellipsoid, typically 9-14mm long, they mature and open the first year. The thin woody cone scales number from 4-6 pairs and are persistent and overlapping, with an oblong shape, they are also basifixed. The central 2-3 pairs of cone scales are fertile.
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Two stamen are longer and stamens of pistillate flowers are rudimentary. The style protrudes outside of the mouth of the flowers. The fruits are nutlets, which are oblong-ovoid, ellipsoid, ovoid, or obovoid in shape. The surfaces of the nutlets can be slightly ribbed, smooth or warty.
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The spore print is white, the spores (under a microscope) smooth, inamyloid, ellipsoid, c. 6.5 to 8.0 by 4.5 to 5.5μm. The species can normally be distinguished in the field, thanks to its shape and colour. No other north temperate waxcap is pink with a pointed cap.
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Earth section paths are paths on the earth defined by the intersection of a reference ellipsoid and a plane. Common examples of earth sections include the great ellipse and normal sections. This page provides a unifying approach to all earth sections and their associated geodetic problems.
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The outer perianth segments are linear, green, and tipped by an areole like those of the tube and ovary. The inner perianth segments are numerous, cream-colored, oblong-obvate, obtuse, and about 8 millimeters long. The fruit is subglobose to ellipsoid and about 4 centimeters in diameter.
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The spores are 9–12 × 5–6 µm, ellipsoid, and are not amyloid; their surface is smooth. They are yellow in Melzer's reagent. The basidia have dimension of 46–62 × 7–10 µm, and are tetrasporic with short, stubby sterigmata. They have neither pleurocystidia nor cheilocystidia.
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In statistics, a confidence region is a multi-dimensional generalization of a confidence interval. It is a set of points in an n-dimensional space, often represented as an ellipsoid around a point which is an estimated solution to a problem, although other shapes can occur.
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The FA can reach a maximum value of (this rarely happens in real data), in which case D has only one nonzero eigenvalue and the ellipsoid reduces to a line in the direction of that eigenvector. This means that the diffusion is confined to that direction alone.
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Border checkpoints were established at Skafferhullet and Boris Gleb. Geodesic measurements were undertaken to establish the border in accordance with the Bessel ellipsoid. The entire border area was mapped in 1:20,000. Norwegian border outpost in March The Soviet authorities made proposals to change the border.
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The leaf blades are long and wide. The grass lacks auricles and the ligule is blunt but finely serrated, sometimes with hairy edges. The contracted and ellipsoid panicle is usually upright, rather than nodding, measuring long. The lanceolate spikelets are long and have five to twelve flowers.
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The flowers are coloured purple. The staminate (male) flowers are in length; the pistillate (female) flowers are in length. The shape of the fruit is ovoid; the nut is an ellipsoid/ovoid shape and contains 1-3 seeds. Ripe fruit has a yellow and sweet-sour flesh.
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However, minor moons or small solar system bodies are not under hydrostatic equilibrium. Usually such bodies have irregular shapes. Furthermore, some of gravitationally rounded objects may have a tri-axial ellipsoid shape due to rapid rotation (such as Haumea) or unidirectional strong tidal forces (such as Io).
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Berries are red, spherical to ellipsoid, up to 15 mm (0.6 inches) long. It can be found in wooded bluffs, hillsides and ravines at elevations less than 500 m (1650 feet).Rehder, Alfred. Schisandra Michaux, nomen genericum conservandum. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 25(1): 131. 1944.
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The cell shape is variable but is mostly obovoid to ellipsoid. The lateral cell margins maybe somewhat angular leading to a broad, truncated rounded apex. This posterior margin narrows posteriorly and either bears 1-3 lobes or is simply broadly rounded. This margin is often pseudopodial.
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Its spores are usually ellipsoid, markedly thick-walled, and measure 3.0–3.7 by 2.2–2.6 µm. A distinguishing microscopic characteristic of this fungus is the finger- or bristle-like hyphae in the trama of the tubes. The authors characterize the hyphal system as trimitic, but with reservations.
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In July and August (after blooming) it has a pale green ovary (seed case), containing the (ellipsoid shaped) seed capsule, measuring 4–4.5 cm long and 1.5–1.8 cm wide. The capsule has 6 ribs and a beaked point. Inside the capsule are semi-orbicular seeds.
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The ornamentation is granular between echinae (short spines). The ulcerate aperture is 3 μm in diameter. Pollen grains measure an average of 30 × 14.5 μm in size. On female trees, the inflorescence is a single ellipsoid or ovoid syncarp, or fruiting head, with off-white bracts.
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Multiplying the value in rad/s by Earth's equatorial radius of (WGS84 ellipsoid) (factors of 2π radians needed by both cancel) yields an equatorial speed of .Arthur N. Cox, ed., Allen's Astrophysical Quantities p.244. Some sources state that Earth's equatorial speed is slightly less, or .
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Marsilea crenata is a species of fern found in Southeast Asia. It is an aquatic plant looking like a four leaf clover. Leaves floating in deep water or erect in shallow water or on land. Leaflets glaucous, sporocarp ellipsoid, on stalks attached to base of petioles.
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Like other Xerula species, X. australis has a characteristic root-like rhizomorph that extends down in the soil, usually attached to rotting wood under the fruitbody. The spore print is white. The spores are ellipsoid, smooth, and hyaline, with dimensions of 12–16 to 8–11 μm.
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The fruit are attached to the pedicels by 2.5-10 by 1.2-2.7 millimeter stipes. Its fruit have 1-3 smooth, flattened, ellipsoid seeds that are 1.3-2.0 by 0.55-1.3 centimeters. The seeds are sparsely hairy with patches of long white or gold- colored hairs.
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Spores at 1000x magnification. Each minor division equals 1 µm. When viewed in mass, such as with a spore print, the spores appear to be white. Viewed with a light microscope, the basidiospores are 8–10.5 by 4.5–5.5 µm, ellipsoid, smooth, and yellowish in Melzer's reagent.
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For positive definite Q, the ellipsoid method solves the problem in (weakly) polynomial time. Translated in: If, on the other hand, Q is indefinite, then the problem is NP-hard. In fact, even if Q has only one negative eigenvalue, the problem is (strongly) NP-hard.
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Flowers are thought to be insect pollinated. Late season frosts occasionally damage flowers, resulting in reduced fruit set. Fruit: A bright red, single-seeded drupe, ellipsoid, long matures in late summer or fall (August to early October). Individual fruit stalks are long, thick, and appear swollen at the apex.
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The perianth tube is 1.5 cm long, enclosing 1.5 cm stamens, a 6mm ovary and yellow anthers. The plant produces an ellipsoid seed capsule, between May and July, cm long and 1–1.4 cm wide, with 6 visible ribs. Inside the ripened capsule are "D"-shaped, dark brown seeds.
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First identified in 2009, Candida auris is a species of ascomycetous fungus of the genus Candida that grows as a yeast. Its name comes from the Latin word for ear, auris. It forms smooth, shiny, whitish-gray, viscous colonies on growth media. Microscopically cells are ellipsoid in shape.
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The paraphyses are sparingly branched and anastomosing with tips that are clavate and brown-pigmented. Ascospores range in shape from ellipsoid to fusiform (spindle-shaped) to elongated, and are not surrounded by a transparent coat (non-halonate). Pycnidia are immersed and spherical. The conidia have a bacilliform shape.
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Between August and October (after the iris has flowered), it produces a seed capsule, which are ellipsoid/cylindric in form and measures 5–6.5 cm long and 1.5–2.5 cm wide. Inside are semi-orbicular, flat, (disc like) reddish brown seeds, with are about 6 mm in diameter.
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Its anthers are 3.6-5.8 millimeters long. Its flowers have a single thread-like style that is 1.9-2 centimeters long and topped by a 3-lobed stigma. Its flowers have an ellipsoid ovary that is 3.8-4 by 1.5-2 millimeters with 3 chambers. Its fruit are round.
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Flowers have 150–200 stamens. The fruit occurs in heads rounded to subcylindric in shape, with pedicels long. The achenes are ellipsoid in shape, not winged, covered with villous hairs, with beaks curved that reflex as they age and long, feather-like. Generally, the fruit persists into fall.
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Metuloidea contains fungi that produce poroid or hydnoid fruit bodies that are brown and have a sweet odour. It features a dimitic hyphal system with branched, relatively wide skeletal hyphae (3–5 μm). The spores are ellipsoid to cylindrical, thin walled, and measure 3–4 by 2–2.8 μm.
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They are as long as the claw of the petals. After the iris has flowered, between July and August it produces a greenish brown, ellipsoid-cylindric (shaped) seed capsule, measuring long and 2-2.5 cm wide. It has ridges and beak on the top. Normally in pairs of capsules.
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The golden yellow, occasionally tinged pink petals are long and wide, equal or shorter than the sepals. The twelve to twenty-one stamens are obscurely five-fascicled, the longest measuring . The sessile pistil is about long, ovoid in shape. The ovoid to ellipsoid ovary is long and wide.
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In practice, the projection has always been applied to models of the earth as an ellipsoid, which greatly complicates the mathematical development but is suitable for surveying. Nevertheless, the use of the Cassini projection has largely been superseded by the transverse Mercator projection, at least with central mapping agencies.
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The spores are ellipsoid to almond-shaped and are around 8-10.5 µm by 4–5.5 µm. There are cheilocystidia which take a broadly club-shaped form with finger-like protrusions at the far end; such cells are known as "broom cells of the siccus type" (see Marasmius siccus).
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The specific name ellipsoidea is from the Latin meaning "ellipsoid", and refers to the shape of the spores.Cui and Dai 2008, p. 344 Species of the order Hymenochaetales, to which this taxon belongs, make up 25% of the over 700 species of polypore found in China.Dai 2011, p.
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After flowering a dark brown narrow-ellipsoid to narrow-obovoid shaped nut will form. The species was first formally described by the botanist Martin Vahl in 1805 as part of the work Enumeratio Plantarum. The only two synonyms are Cyperus nutans subsp. nutans and Cyperus nutans var. nutans.
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The flattened spikelets occur in clusters of 5 to 15 each containing 6 to 25 flowers. Each spikelet is in length and wide. After flowering trigonous pale brown nuts form with a narrow-obovoid to narrow-ellipsoid shape. The species was initially confused with Cyperus gilesii and Cyperus enervis.
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Already Khachiyan's ellipsoid method was a polynomial-time algorithm; however, it was too slow to be of practical interest. The class of primal-dual path-following interior- point methods is considered the most successful. Mehrotra's predictor–corrector algorithm provides the basis for most implementations of this class of methods.
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Deep-water colonies are bush-shaped, the calices are circular and budding occurs at various heights on the calyx walls. Shallow-water colonies tend to be ellipsoid in shape, the calyces are polygonal and budding occurs in the centre of the colony as well as round the edges.
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Figure 3: An ellipsoid In a similar fashion, if we did not know the Earth rotates about its axis, we could infer this rotation from the centrifugal force needed to account for the bulging observed at its equator. In his Principia, Newton proposed the shape of the rotating Earth was that of a homogeneous ellipsoid formed by an equilibrium between the gravitational force holding it together and the centrifugal force pulling it apart. This effect is more easily seen with the planet Saturn which has a radius 8.5 to 9.5 times that of Earth but has a rotational period of only 10.57 hours. The ratios of Saturn's diameters is approximately 11 to 10.
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Early in the development of DTI based tractography, a number of researchers pointed out a flaw in the diffusion tensor model. The tensor analysis assumes that there is a single ellipsoid in each imaging voxel-- as if all of the axons traveling through a voxel traveled in exactly the same direction. This is often true, but it can be estimated that in more than 30% of the voxels in a standard resolution brain image, there are at least two different neural tracts traveling in different directions that pass through each other. In the classic diffusion ellipsoid tensor model, the information from the crossing tract just appears as noise or unexplained decreased anisotropy in a given voxel.
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Because Haumea has moons, the mass of the system can be calculated from their orbits using Kepler's third law. The result is , 28% the mass of the Plutonian system and 6% that of the Moon. Nearly all of this mass is in Haumea. Several ellipsoid-model calculations of Haumea's dimensions have been made. The first model produced after Haumea's discovery was calculated from ground-based observations of Haumea's light curve at optical wavelengths: it provided a total length of 1,960 to 2,500 km and a visual albedo (pv) greater than 0.6. The most likely shape is a triaxial ellipsoid with approximate dimensions of 2,000 × 1,500 × 1,000 km, with an albedo of 0.71.
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Recall the notion of central symmetry: a Euclidean polyhedron is called centrally symmetric if it is invariant under the antipodal map : x \mapsto -x. \, Thus, in the plane central symmetry is the rotation by 180 degrees. For example, an ellipse is centrally symmetric, as is any ellipsoid in 3-space.
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Mycena adscendens produces a white spore print. The spores are broadly ellipsoid, amyloid, and have dimensions of 8–10 by 5–6.5 µm. Basidia (spore-bearing cells) are two-spored, club-shaped, and measure 14–17 by 7–9 µm. Pleurocystidia (cystidia on the gill faces) may be present or absent.
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Smith 1947, pp. 146–49. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown—but it is considered too insubstantial to be of culinary interest. The spores are 8–10 by 4–5 μm, roughly ellipsoid, and only weakly amyloid. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) four-spored (occasionally two- or three-spored).
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Unstained Echinostoma egg. An Echinostoma infection can be diagnosed by observing the parasite eggs in the faeces of an infected individual, under a microscope. Methods such as the Kato-Katz procedure can be used to do this. The eggs typically have a yellow-brown appearance, and are ellipsoid in shape.
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The basidia are club-shaped, four- spored, and have a clamp connection at their bases; they measure 12–18 by 4–6 µm. The thin-walled spores are ellipsoid to somewhat tapered at both ends, hyaline, inamyloid (non-staining in Melzer's reagent), and measure 4.5–5.5 by 2–2.3 µm.
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Tree, 5-10m high: young branchlets acutely quad-rangular or very narrowly quadrialate. Leaves simple, opposite, elliptic or obovate, 3–8 cm wide, 6–16 cm long: petiole acutely ridged. Inflorescence in terminal and axillary spike; flower small, yellowish white. Fruit dry, thinly quadrialate: seed brownish red, ellipsoid, 4- angled.
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It is light beige and wrinkled, with a small, short, thin mycelium cord up to 5 mm long. The spores are cylindrical to ellipsoid in shape, hyaline (translucent), and measure 5.4–7.5 by 3.6–4.3 µm. They are covered in small spiny protrusions and have a single oil droplet within.
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Mahonia fremontii is native to mountainous regions of the US states of Arizona, Nevada, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah. It reaches a height of up to 3 m, and has pinnate leaves of 3–9 leaflets. Flowers are pale yellow, fruits ellipsoid and dull reddish-purple.Laferriere, J.E. Berberidaceae, Barberry Family.
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If their reference surface changes, the coordinates themselves also change. However, for international networks, GPS positioning, or astronautics, these regional reasons are less relevant. As knowledge of the Earth's figure is increasingly accurate, the International Geoscientific Union IUGG usually adapts the axes of the Earth ellipsoid to the best available data.
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Khachiyan is best known for his four-page February 1979 paperKhachiyan, L. G. 1979. "A Polynomial Algorithm in Linear Programming". Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 244, 1093-1096 (translated in Soviet Mathematics Doklady 20, 191-194, 1979). that indicated how an ellipsoid method for linear programming can be implemented in polynomial time.
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It occurs in wet and marshy locations in lowland rainforest, forests, and riverbanks. This evergreen tree has lanceolated leaves (long: 10 cm, wide: 3 cm), the base is obtuse, the apex is acute, and the petiole is glabrous (long: 6 mm). The fruit is ellipsoid (length: 18 mm, diameter: 6 mm).
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The tube layer, which is the same colour as the pore surface, is up to 2 mm deep, with a 1-mm thick subiculum. Its ellipsoid spores measure 4–5 by 3–3.5 µm. The fungus was described as new to science in 2005 by mycologists Perpetua Ipulet & Leif Ryvarden.
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The acorns are small, .4 - 1 inch (1 - 2.5 cm), oblong in shape (ovoid or oblong-ellipsoid), shiny and tan-brown to nearly black, often black at the tips, and borne singly or in clusters. The avenue of live oaks at Boone Hall in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, planted in 1743.
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Additionally, C. carcharias forma album is a form recognised as having a snow-white cap. Under a microscope, the spores are ellipsoid, with dimensions 4–5.5 by 3–4 µm. The spores are white and amyloid. The basidia are 4-spored, club-shaped, and measure 20–25 by 4–6 µm.
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Physciella is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae. Circumscribed in 1986, it is distinguished from the similar genera Physcia and Phaeophyscia by its prosoplectenchymatous (comprising long narrow wavy parallel hyphae) lower cortex, the lack of the secondary metabolite atranorin in the upper cortex, and short, ellipsoid conidia.
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360 Carlova is a very large main-belt asteroid. It is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of carbonaceous material. The asteroid has a convex, roughly ellipsoid shape. The sidereal rotation period is 6.1873 hours with an axis of rotation along the ecliptic coordinates (l, b) = (, ).
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All fairyflies possess ellipsoid eggs with a long tapering stalk. They develop rapidly once laid and can hatch in six hours to two days. Several generations may be produced in a year, often on different hosts. Fairyflies have two to four larval stages, all apparently without functional spiracles or tracheae.
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The low density of Iapetus indicates that it is mostly composed of ice, with only a small (~20%) amount of rocky materials. Unlike most of the large moons, its overall shape is neither spherical nor ellipsoid, but has a bulging waistline and squashed poles.Cowen, R. (2007). Idiosyncratic Iapetus, Science News vol.
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This is the most striking difference between the spherical and ellipsoidal versions of the transverse Mercator projection: Gauss–Krüger gives a reasonable projection of the whole ellipsoid to the plane, although its principal application is to accurate large-scale mapping "close" to the central meridian. Ellipsoidal transverse Mercator: a finite projection.
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The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "tapering to a narrow point", referring to the leaf apex. The timber is used commercially and the tree is also a source of gutta-percha. Habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests from sea-level to altitude.
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It is covered by the gelatinous grayish-brown gleba. The spores are cylindrical to ellipsoid, 4–6 by 1.5–2 μm, smooth, and hyaline. The fruit body, when fresh, smells similar to cow dung. This fetid odor is common to stinkhorn fungi, and attracts insects that help to disperse the spores.
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It is whitish-yellow, with vinaceous or blue-green to blackish tones towards the base. Mature specimens do not have a veil on the stem. The flesh is whitish, but like most psilocybin-containing species, stains blue when injured. The spores are ellipsoid and measure 12–14.5 by 6.5–8 μm.
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It is up to 6–7 cm tall and 2.5–3 cm in diameter. Under a light microscope, the spores are seen hyaline to pink, ellipsoid in shape, and with fine warts. The spore dimensions are 6-8 by 4-5 µm. L. personata produces a pale pink spore print.
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Similarly the flesh is also orange or red in colour, and when ripe has a juicy pulp. The sourplum is 3.5 cm in length and 2.5 cm in diameter. The seed is smooth, ellipsoid, and yellow-brown to red in colour. The seed is hard and around 2.5 cm in length.
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Arkadi Nemirovski (born March 14, 1947) is a professor at the H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He has been a leader in continuous optimization and is best known for his work on the ellipsoid method, modern interior-point methods and robust optimization.
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The apothecia are Lecanora-type, resembling large, concave brown discs. Ascospores are colourless, ellipsoid, and number eight per ascus. Conidia have a short bacilliform shape with a swelling towards one end, and measure 3–4.5 μm long. The phycobiont in Imshaugia is green algae – Trebouxia in I. aleurites, and Myrmecia in I. placorodia.
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The cup margin is thin, with a sharp edge, and it turns black as it dries. The edibility of the fungus was unknown, but Roger Phillips considers it edible. The spore print is hyaline (translucent) to pale cream. The spores are ellipsoid, covered with warts, and measure 17–23 by 8–13 μm.
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The scapula is broad and tripartite (three- pronged). On its surface, there is a laterally directed prominence. The deltopectoral crest, a crest on the upper end of the humerus, is small. The glenohumeral condyle of the humerus, which connects to the pectoral girdle in the shoulder joint, has a distinctive rounded ellipsoid shape.
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The pea shaped flowers are arranged in short clusters among the leaf axils. The axillary inflorescences contain one to seven flowers. The seed pods that form later are ovoid to ellipsoid in shape and are in length and wide. The olive brown seeds within have an elliptic shape and in length and wide.
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The upper part is either light yellow or yellow-green and the bottom surface is brown. The apothecia are wide and the thallus of which is laminal and is in diameter. The disc is either cinnamon-brown or dark brown and is ellipsoid. The pycnidia is immersed, while the conidia are bifusiform.
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Perenniporia piceicola is a species of poroid crust fungus that is found on fallen spruce in Yunnan province, China. Basidiocarps are corky in texture, or more across with a characteristic pale yellow pore surface. The basidiospores are ellipsoid and hyaline and very large for the genus, up to 13 μm in length.
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The earliest determinations of the size of a spherical Earth required a single arc. The latest determinations use astro-geodetic measurements and the methods of satellite geodesy to determine the reference ellipsoids. Those interested in accurate expressions of the meridian arc for the WGS84 ellipsoid should consult the subsection entitled numerical expressions.
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In the 19th century, many astronomers and geodesists were engaged in detailed studies of the Earth's curvature along different meridian arcs. The analyses resulted in a great many model ellipsoids such as Plessis 1817, Airy 1830, Bessel 1830, Everest 1830, and Clarke 1866. A comprehensive list of ellipsoids is given under Earth ellipsoid.
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The fruit bodies of Dacryopinax spathularia are spatula- shaped, usually tall and between 0.5–3 mm wide. The color is orange when fresh, but it darkens to orangish-red when dry. The spore deposit is white. Its spores are ellipsoid, smooth-surfaced, hyaline (translucent), and measure 7–10 by 3–4 μm.
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The stipes of the fruit bodies were long by thick, with about of stipe length covered by the extended cap. The thick-walled ellipsoid spores were 12.5–13.5 by 6.5–7 μm. Despite the significant differences in morphology, molecular analysis showed the secotioid version to be the same species as the typical morphotype.
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Ohio University The plant grows forming a clump, with grass-like leaves up to 30cm long with a reddish-brown basal sheath. Flowers occur in early may on a small basal spike. Small (1.5-2mm) ellipsoid perigynia form in late May lasting until late June. Catling, P.M., A.A. Reznicek, and W.J. Crins. 1993.
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Its surface is covered with dense orangish scales that terminate in a line near the top of the stipe, where it is white. The white, mealy tasting flesh does not change color with injury. The spore print is white. Spores are smooth, ellipsoid, and inamyloid, measuring 5–6 by 3–4 µm.
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At first firm, with maturity it becomes increasingly soft. The spore deposit is coloured brown. The spores are ellipsoid, sized 9–12 by 3.8–4.5 μm, thin-walled, and smooth when seen through a microscope. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped, four-spored, and measure 22–34 by 5–8 μm.
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The fungus, although rubbery, is edible, and may be eaten raw with salads, pickled, or candied. It has a white spore deposit, and the oblong to ellipsoid spores measure 9–11 by 5–6 micrometers. The fungus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, and has also been collected from South America.
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Clitocybula fruit bodies are small- to medium-sized, with a morphology ranging from clitocyboid, collybioid, mycenoid, pleurotoid, to omphalinoid. Gills are decurrent, and the stipe is cylindrical and equal in width throughout its length. Clitocybula spores are smooth, ellipsoid to roughly spherical in shape, hyaline (translucent), and mostly amyloid (staining with Melzer's reagent).
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Other hyphae in the fruit body are somewhat to completely hyaline (translucent) and have a wall thickness ranging from thin to moderately thick. Cystidia are sparse and tubular, hyaline, thin-walled or have a slight wall thickening. The spores are ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled, and generally measure up to 4–5 µm long.
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Mollicarpus is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed in 1984 by mycologist Walter Ginns to contain the species Mollicarpus cognatus. This fungus was first described by Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1877 as Trametes cognatus. Mollicarpus cognatus has short, broadly ellipsoid spores, and cyanophilous binding hyphae that are usually dextrinoid.
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The sterigmata are 4–5 μm in length. The smooth, broadly ellipsoid spores measure 4.5 to 6.5 by 3–4.2 μm. They are hyaline, and either cyanophilous or containing cyanophilous particles. They contain no prominent crystals, and are topped by a 0.8 μm-long apiculus (the section that connects to the sterigmatum).
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Fruit bodies are effused, thin, and whitish. Microscopically they have colourless hyphae, 3 to 8 μm wide, without clamp connections. The basidia are ellipsoid to broadly club-shaped, 10 to 12 by 7 to 8 μm, bearing 4 sterigmata. The basidiospores are narrow and fusiform, 9 to 13 x 3 to 5 μm.
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The upper glumes have glabrous surface as well. Palea is elliptic, long and is 2-veined. Flowers are fleshy, oblong, truncate, have 2 lodicules, and grow together. They have 3 anthers which are long which have dark brown coloured fruits that are caryopsis, ellipsoid, and have an additional pericarp with linear hilum.
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The spores have an elongated ellipsoid shape with a finely punctate (studded with punctures) to almost smooth surface, and measure 8.5–10 by 4.4 μm. The basidia (the spore-bearing cells) are 20–30 by 5–8 μm. Fruit bodies of C. cinnamomeus are used in mushroom dyeing to produce a brown color.
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Perenniporia nanlingensis is a poroid fungus first isolated from Guangdong Province, China. It has crust-like fruit bodies with a pinkish pore surface when in dry condition. Microscopically, it has a trimitic hyphal system, a slightly dextrinoid and binding hyphae. Its basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, and measure 9.0–9.8 by 5.0–5.9 μm.
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The insects pick up the pollen from the flattened style. In their homeland, the bloom by humming pollinated. There they bloom in the months of August to October. The fruits are ellipsoid capsules to globose, warty, 1.5 to 3 cm long, chestnut coloured, with a large amount of black and very hard seeds.
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The spores are ellipsoid, with surfaces covered in small warts, and measure 6–8.4 by 4–4.8 µm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped and measure 24.8 by 7.2 µm. They are four-spored, with sterigmata up to 3.2 µm long. Similar species include Gymnopilus longipes, Gymnopilus liquiritiae, and Gymnopilus subsapineus.
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Lactarius subdulcis has cream spore print with a slight salmon tinge. The spores are oval, with largish warts of around 1 micrometre (μm) which are joined by a well-developed network of mostly thin ridges. The spores measure 7.5–11 μm by 6.5–9 μm, and are amyloid or ellipsoid in shape.
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The fruit is a drupe, which is round or ellipsoid and normally flattened on either end, it measures 1·2–2·5 × 1·5–2 cm., the unripe fruit is usually covered in downy hairs but these are lost on the ripe fruit which is orange in colour. Grows up to 6m tall.
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Generally curved, orange, small (4–7.5 cm long) flowers with free part of staminodes erect, floral bracts mostly caducous, and upper side of leaves often dark brown to black in herbarium material, lower side more or less lanuginose. In addition, the seeds are ellipsoid and relatively small (4–7 × 2–4.5 mm).
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Fertile lemma is long and is also glaucous, ovate, and is as chartaceous and keelless as the glumes. The main lemma is carrying one awn that is long and also have an acuminated apex. Flowers have three stamens while the fruits are ellipsoid and have caryopses with an additional pericarp. Hilum is linear.
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The flowers are wide, and flower buds are ellipsoid. The two to twelve sepals are all of equal length, measuring long and wide. The three-veined sepals are or somewhat united, have glandular cilia, and are spotted with black dots. Flowers have up to nine pale yellow petals, measuring long and wide.
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The petals have pale laminar glands but lack marginal glands, and are spotted with black dots. Flowers have about 25 stamens with black anther glands, the longest of which are long. The stamens are not grouped into stamen fascicles. The ellipsoid ovary measures long and wide, and the spreading styles are long.
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At around the time of this conference, scientists were making measurements to determine the deflection of the vertical on a large scale. One might expect that plumb lines set up in various locations, if extended downward, would all pass through a single point, the centre of the Earth, but this is not the case, primarily due to the Earth being an ellipsoid, not a sphere. The downward extended plumb lines don't even all intersect the rotation axis of the Earth; this much smaller effect is due to the uneven distribution of the Earth's mass. To make computations feasible, scientists defined ellipsoids of revolution; a given ellipsoid would be a good compromise for measurements in a given area, such as a country or continent.
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Despite being an important concept for almost 200 years in the history of geodesy and geophysics, it has been defined to high precision only since advances in satellite geodesy in the late 20th century. All points on a geoid surface have the same effective potential (the sum of gravitational potential energy and centrifugal potential energy). The force of gravity acts everywhere perpendicular to the geoid, meaning that plumb lines point perpendicular and water levels parallel to the geoid if only gravity and rotational acceleration were at work. The surface of the geoid is higher than the reference ellipsoid wherever there is a positive gravity anomaly (mass excess) and lower than the reference ellipsoid wherever there is a negative gravity anomaly (mass deficit).
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The ellipsoid is a mathematically defined regular surface with specific dimensions. The geoid, on the other hand, coincides with that surface to which the oceans would conform over the entire Earth if free to adjust to the combined effect of the Earth's mass attraction (gravitation) and the centrifugal force of the Earth's rotation. As a result of the uneven distribution of the Earth's mass, the geoidal surface is irregular and, since the ellipsoid is a regular surface, the separations between the two, referred to as geoid undulations, geoid heights, or geoid separations, will be irregular as well. The geoid is a surface along which the gravity potential is everywhere equal and to which the direction of gravity is always perpendicular (see equipotential surface).
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In 1999, Daphne occulted three stars, and on July 2, 1999, produced eleven chords indicating an ellipsoid of 213×160 km. Daphnean lightcurves also suggest that the asteroid is irregular in shape. Daphne was observed by Arecibo radar in April 2008. Based upon radar data, the near surface solid density of the asteroid is 2.4.
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The volume of a higher-dimensional ellipsoid (a hyperellipsoid) can be calculated using the dimensional constant given for the volume of a hypersphere. One can also define hyperellipsoids as the images of spheres under invertible linear transformations. The spectral theorem can again be used to obtain a standard equation akin to the one given above.
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Earth's authalic ("equal area") radius is the radius of a hypothetical perfect sphere that has the same surface area as the reference ellipsoid. The IUGG denotes the authalic radius as . A closed-form solution exists for a spheroid:Snyder, J.P. (1987). Map Projections – A Working Manual (US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395) p. 16–17.
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Most global mean radii are based on the reference ellipsoid, which approximates the geoid. The geoid has no direct relationship with surface topography, however. An alternative calculation averages elevations everywhere, resulting in a mean radius larger than the IUGG mean radius, the authalic radius, or the volumetric radius. This average is with uncertainty of .
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The pods are in length and twisted and curled.Elliot, W.R., and Jones, D.L., Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants, 1982, The shiny dark brown seeds are arranged longitudinally in the pods and have an obloid-ellipsoid shape and are in length with a bright yellow aril. The seed is edible.Low,T., Wild Food Plants of Australia, 1988.
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The flower have a flat to deeply cup-shaped receptacle. The fruit is a drupe of variable shape and size.e The most striking are its fruits, The fruit is an ellipsoid to ovoid drupe or berry, and the seed is a single kernel. Plum-like to olive-like drupe settled on a discoid small dome.
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Puccinellia fasciculata is a coarse, annual grass growing high. Its leaf blades are wide and are typically flat, though leaves can curl inwards at their ends. Its ovoid or ellipsoid panicle is long, with ascending, somewhat scabrous floral branches floriferous almost to their base. Its spikelets are long and bear two to five flowers.
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Amanita spreta is usually distinguished by its grayish brown cap with dark, radial streaks; its medium to large size, the presence of a ring on the upper stem, and its stem base, in which it features a white, sacklike volva and is not prominently swollen. Its ellipsoid, inamyloid spores also help to distinguish it.
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Raphidophytes contain numerous ellipsoid chloroplasts, which contain chlorophylls a, c1 and c2. They also make use of accessory pigments including β-carotene and diadinoxanthin. Unlike other heterokontophytes, raphidophytes do not possess the photoreceptive organelle (or eyespot) typical of this group. In terms of ecology, raphidophytes occur as photosynthetic autotrophs across a range of aquatic systems.
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The globose to ellipsoid fruit is a drupe, in diameter and long; it is fleshy, glaucous to a dull shine when ripe, and purple-black. The tree usually flowers in spring. The wood is much-prized and durable, with a strong smell similar to bay rum, and is used for fine furniture and turnery.
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Asci (spore- bearing cells) are cylindrical, eight-spored, hyaline (translucent) and measure 9.9–10.5 µm thick by 105–150 µm long. In deposit, the spores are cream coloured. Spores are ellipsoid to egg-shaped, smooth, hyaline, and have dimensions of 6.4–8.1 by 9.2–9.6 µm. They are thin walled and lack oil droplets.
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Quercus myrsinifolia is an evergreen oak tree that grows up to tall. Leaves are 60–110 × 18–40 mm with serrulate margins; the petiole is 10–25 mm long. The acorns are ovoid to ellipsoid, 14–25 × 10–15 mm, and glabrous with a rounded apex; the flat scar is approx. 6 mm in diameter.
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Junghuhnia africana is a species of crust fungus in the family Steccherinaceae. The type specimen was collected in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, growing on a rotting hardwood log. Its ellipsoid spores measure 5–6 by 4–4.5 µm. The fungus was described as new to science in 2005 by mycologists Perpetua Ipulet & Leif Ryvarden.
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The spores are 8–10.5 by 7–8 µm, broadly ellipsoid, ornamented with warts and ridges that sometimes form a partial reticulum, prominences up to 1 µm high, hyaline (translucent), and amyloid. The basidia, the spore-bearing cells, are 45–52 by 8–10 µm, and four- spored.Hesler and Smith, 1979, pp. 419–22.
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Inocutis species produce annual fruit bodies. They are characterized by the absence of setae, the presence of a rudimentary granular core, and the presence of sclerified hyphae in the granular core. They have yellowish to brownish spores that are ellipsoid in shape, and non-dextrinoid. The hyphal system is monomitic, consisting of only generative hyphae.
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The phyllodes are in length and wide. The simple inflorescences simple resemble golden spikes that are in length. The seed pods that form later are flat with an oblong to narrowly oblong shape with a length of and a width of . The shiny brown obloid-ellipsoid to ovoid seeds are long and half as wide.
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The odor and taste of the fruit bodies is indistinct. The color of the spore print is pale yellow. Spores are ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline (translucent), and have dimensions of 8–10 by 5–6 µm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club shaped, two- to four-spored, and measure 24–30 by 8–10 µm.
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The spores are broadly ellipsoid, ornamented, and dextrinoid. Leif Ryvarden suggests that Bondarzewia may be the genus most closely related to Diacanthodes, based on morphological similarities. Both genera feature ornamented spores, the same hyphal system, and similar habit. They differ in microscopic characteristics: Bondartzewia fungi have clampless generative hyphae, no cystidia, and amyloid spores.
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Tendrils grow to 15 cm in length. A young rosette plant The pitchers of N. hispida are rarely more than 15 cm high and 8 cm wide. They are ovoid-ellipsoid in the lower parts and sub-cylindrical in the upper parts. Aerial or upper pitchers are more cylindrical than lower or terrestrial pitchers.
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Spikelets are long, ellipsoid, terete to slightly laterally compressed, glabrous, and obtuse. The lower glumes are about 3/4 as long as the spikelet and are 5- or 7-veined. Upper glumes and lower lemmas equal the spikelet's length and are 5– to 9-veined. The lower florets are staminate with its lower paleas long.
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After the iris has flowered, between July and September. it produces a yellow green, ellipsoid, or obovate seed capsule, which is 4 cm long and 2 cm wide, with a short beak, and yellow green with 6 ribs. Inside the capsules, are reddish brown, pyriform (pear-shaped) seeds, which are about 7 mm long.
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When there are spatial limitations the top most layer stops concentrically expanding, leaving the final shape of the nest to be ellipsoid. The brood is always concentrated near the center of the nest, while peripheral cells are left empty as a means of enveloping the structure. The nests are built out of foraged plant fibers.
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The flesh is similar in colour to the outer surfaces; it has an acrid taste and an acidic to fruity odour. The sparse latex is white and has an immediately acrid taste. Lactarius scoticus mushrooms produce a pale cream spore print. Spores are ellipsoid in shape, measuring on average 6.5–6.9 by 4.9–5.0 µm.
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The flesh has an odor of fenugreek when it is dry. The mushroom tissue turns bluish- green when tested with a solution of potassium hydroxide. The ellipsoid, hyaline (translucent) spores measure 3.5–5 by 3–4 µm. The basidia (spore- bearing cells) are club-shaped, four-spored, and measure 25–40 by 5–7 µm.
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The narrow and erect inflorescence has an interrupted-oblong shape in outline forming dense clusters that are around long and with a diameter of . After flowering an ellipsoid to obovoid shaped pale red-brown to bright orange coloured nut. The nut is smooth with a hispid apex with a length of and a diameter of .
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Aquatic fern bearing 4 parted leaf resembling '4-leaf clover' (Trifolium). Leaves floating in deep water or erect in shallow water or on land. Leaflets obdeltoid, to 3/4" long, glaucous, petioles to 8" long; Sporocarp (ferns) ellipsoid, to 3/16" long, dark brown, on stalks to 3/4" long, attached to base of petioles.
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The erect and ellipsoid panicles are long and wide, with short branches that ascend and slightly spread. The branches never droop and bear one or two spikelets each. The spikelets are long, longer than the panicle branches, and bear seven to eleven florets. The spikelets vary in color from green to distinctly purplish-red.
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It has a 4–5 cm long perianth tube, blue-violet style 1.3–1.5 inch (3.5–4 cm long) and 2 lobed stigmas. After flowering, it has bright green ellipsoid capsules 3–4 inches (7–10 cm) long by 1 inch (3 cm) wide, which are hexagonal in cross section and shaped like a D.
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The details of a spinning body may impose restrictions on the motion of its angular velocity vector, . The curve produced by the angular velocity vector on the inertia ellipsoid, is known as the polhode, coined from Greek meaning "path of the pole". The surface created by the angular velocity vector is termed the body cone.
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Most of the generative hyphae bear clamp connections. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped with four sterigmata, and have a clamp at the base; they measure 12–20 by 4–5 μm. The spores are ellipsoid in shape, hyaline (translucent), smooth and thin-walled. They measure 2.7–3.1 by 1.5–1.9 μm.
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The sparse, orange milk turns greenish grey when exposed to air. The spores are somewhat spherical to ellipsoid, and measure 7.5–8.1 by 6.1–6.5 µm. The surface features edges and warts that form an incomplete network. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are four-spored, cylindrical to somewhat club-shaped, and measure 50–60 µm.
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The spore print is purplish brown. Under the microscope, the spores appear dull purple-brown. They are ellipsoid to somewhat egg-shaped, and, according to Singer's original description, measure 8–10 by 4–5 μm. A later study of specimens collected from British Columbia, Canada, instead reported a larger spore size range of 10–13 by 6–7 μm.
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The subhymenium (a supportive tissue underneath the hymenium) consists of upright hyphidia, cystidia, and hyphae. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are distinctly urniform (urn-like), clamped at the base, and have four sterigmata. The spores are broadly ellipsoid to roughly spherical in shape with hyaline, smooth, acyanophilous, and inamyloid walls. These walls swell in a solution of potassium hydroxide.
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Halosaccion glandiforme The thallus, or body, of this algae is a hollow, torpedo-shaped sac. This ellipsoid shape has low drag through the water allowing the algae to inhabit areas with significant wave and current energy. The sac is reddish- purple to yellowish-brown in color. It can be as long as , but is usually shorter.
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Geoid Glacier () is a glacier flowing south from the Thomas Heights, to the west of Ellipsoid Hill, into Blue Glacier, Victoria Land, Antarctica. The name is one of a group in the area associated with surveying applied in 1993 by the New Zealand Geographic Board, the geoid being the particular equipotential surface which coincides with mean sea level.
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The anthers are about 3 mm long on anther filaments which are about 8 mm long. The style is about 20 mm long. The ovary is about 2-3 mm long, and the fruits are ellipsoid to obovoid, about 7-10 mm long, and the calyx limb and style often persists at the apex of the fruit.
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The 3B-engined car will accelerate from 0- in 5.7 seconds, continuing to a top speed of . The ABY- engined S2 Coupé will accelerate from 0- in 5.9 seconds, continuing to a top speed of . In 1993, the S2 received some cosmetic updates, including new AVUS- style alloy wheels, ellipsoid beam (projector) headlamps and clear front indicator lenses.
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Psathyrella vinosofulva is a species of agaric fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae. The species, first described scientifically by P.D.Orton in 1960, is found in Europe. The cap is initially conical to convex before expanded slightly, becoming slightly umbonate, and measures in diameter. The spores are ellipsoid, have a germ pore, and dimensions of 11–13 by 5.75–7 μm.
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Collected in deposit, such as in a spore print, the spores appear white. Viewed with a light microscope, the spores are broadly ellipsoid in shape, smooth, amyloid, with dimensions of 7.5–10 by 5–6 µm. Occasionally the spores contain oil droplets. The basidia (pore-bearing cells) are four-spored, 26–30 by 7–8 µm.
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The basidia are ellipsoid, longitudinally septate, and measure 11–16 x 9–10.5 µm, with a stalk cell up to 28 µm long that becomes enucleate on maturity. The spores are allantoid (sausage-shaped), measuring 8.5–14 x 3.5–5 µm. Hyphae are produced in a gelatinous matrix and are clamped, hyaline, and 1.5 to 2.5 µm wide.
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Molecular analysis of nucleic acid sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region indicates that genetically close relatives of P. cinnamomea include P. subcaerulipes, P. zapotecorum, P. zapotecoantillarum, and P. antioquiensis. The authors suggest that P. cinnamomea should be classified in the section Zapotecorum of the genus Psilocybe, based on its bluing reaction, and ellipsoid, thin-walled spores.
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If all the hard constraints are linear and some are inequalities, but the objective function is quadratic, the problem is a quadratic programming problem. It is one type of nonlinear programming. It can still be solved in polynomial time by the ellipsoid method if the objective function is convex; otherwise the problem may be NP hard.
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The larger spores (macrospores) are smooth, ellipsoid, and measure 11–17.5 by 7–10 µm. They are hyaline (translucent), and inamyloid. The macrobasidia are club shaped, measuring 38–57 by 8–14 µm, and can be one- two-, three- or four-spored. The ratio of macrobasidia length to macrospore length is usually less than five to one.
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The pleurocystidia (cystidia present on the gill face) are abundant, roughly cylindrical, hyaline, and measure 100–150 by 20–35 µm. Cheilocystidia (cystidia on the edge of an gill) are present in young specimens, and are roughly ellipsoid, measuring 50–80 by 15–25 µm. Clamp connections are abundant in the hyphae in all tissues through the fruit body.
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Aristolochia bracteolata is a climbing or prostrate perennial herb with an unpleasant smell, stems 10–60 cm tall from an underground rhizome. The leaves are ovate 1.5–8 X 1.5–7 cm with a petiole 0.5 cm–4.5 cm long. Flowers are dark purple, 0.5–5 cm tubular, with trumpet shaped mouth. Capsules are oblong-ellipsoid, 1.5–2.5 cm.
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Like the orthographic projection and gnomonic projection, the stereographic projection is an azimuthal projection, and when on a sphere, also a perspective projection. On an ellipsoid, the perspective definition of the stereographic projection is not conformal, and adjustments must be made to preserve its azimuthal and conformal properties. The universal polar stereographic coordinate system uses one such ellipsoidal implementation.
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Microscopically, the hyphae of the flesh are swollen up to 12 µm wide and lack clamp connections. The spores are smooth, colourless, ellipsoid to oblong, measuring 5–7 by 3–4 µm. The spores are white in deposit. The basidia (spore bearing cells) measure 40–50 by 6–8 µm, and lack clamps at their bases.
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Sepia apama Sepia elegans Sepia latimanus Sepia officinalis Sepia pharaonis Sepia prashadi Sepia sp. Sepia is a genus of cuttlefish in the family Sepiidae encompassing some of the best known and most common species. The cuttlebone is relatively ellipsoid in shape. The name of the genus is the Latinized form of the Ancient Greek σηπία, sēpía, cuttlefish.
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Fomitopsis pinicola is a lookalike species. The spores are lemon- yellow in colour, and oblong-ellipsoid in shape. They measure 15–20 by 5–7 μm. The species has a trimitic hyphal structure (meaning that it has generative, skeletal and binding hyphae), with generative hyphae (hyphae that are relatively undifferentiated and can develop reproductive structures) with clamp connections.
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Parmotrema is characterized by its typically large, moderately to loosely-attached foliose thallus with broad lobes that are usually more than 5 mm wide. There is a broad, naked zone around the margin of the lower surface, an epicortex with pores and an upper cortex with a palisade- plectenchymatous arrangement of hyphae. Ascospores are thick-walled and ellipsoid.
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It produces small inconspicuous bisexual flowers (diameter: 2 mm), which are pubescent, with ovate tepals clustered in axillary or subterminal panicles (length: 6 cm). The inflorescence and perianth are sparsely pubescent. The fruit is obovoid, subglobose, ellipsoid to fusiform, and mucronate, and measures about 35–60 mm long. It is scarlet or purplish brown when ripe.
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The ellipsoid spores are blunt-ended and typically contain two large oil drops. Sarcosphaera is partly hypogeous (fruiting underground) and emerges from the ground as a whitish to cream-colored hollow ball. Young specimens are covered entirely by an easily removed thin protective membrane. As it matures, it splits open to expose the inner spore-bearing layer (hymenium).
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It has 0.5–0.75 long and pale blue style branches. The terminal lobes are fimbriated (fringed). After the iris has flowered, between May and June, it produces an ellipsoid-cylindric, non-beaked seed capsule, which is 2.5–3 cm long and 1.2–1.5 cm wide. Inside the capsule, it has dark brown seeds with a small aril.
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Asci are club shaped (clavate), with 8 ellipsoid ascospores. Lichen spot tests on the cortex and medulla are K+ red, KC-, P+ yellow or P+ orange, with the medulla sometimes testing K+ yellow and P+ orange. Secondary metabolites include norstictic acid and often connorstictic acid in traces, and more rarely hyposalazinic acid. The photobiont is a chlorococcoid.
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Arrhenia eburnea is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Spain, it was described as new to science in 2003. It has white to ivory-colored fruit bodies with decurrent gills, and a smooth stipe. Its spores are smooth, hyaline, ellipsoid to somewhat cylindrical, and measure 9–11.5 by 4.5–6.5 μm.
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Hydnum ellipsosporum is a species of fungus in the family Hydnaceae that was described from Germany in 2004. It differs from H. repandum by the shape and length of its spores, which are ellipsoid and measure 9–11 by 6–7.5 µm. Compared to H. repandum, it has smaller fruit bodies, with cap diameters ranging from wide.
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Neurolysin, with 704 amino acid residues, is a zinc metalloendopeptidase with a conserved HEXXH motif. It has an overall prolate ellipsoid shape, with a deep narrow channel dividing it into two roughly equal domains. The catalytic site is contained within a thermolysin- like region found in many metallopeptidases and located in the domain near the floor of the channel.
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By combining the measurements together with those for the arc of Peru, ellipsoid shape parameters were determined and the distance between the Equator and pole along the Paris Meridian was calculated as toises as specified by the standard toise bar in Paris. Defining this distance as exactly led to the construction of a new standard metre bar as toises.
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The larger females were reported to be 8.7-23.5 mm long and 550-570 μm wide. The female also has a pointed posterior end with a long or short tail. The female while in copula lays many ellipsoid- shaped eggs that are about 40 x 80 μm in size, not operculated, and usually possess thicker shells than hookworm eggs.
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The flower-spikes have a length of with light golden flowers that are lightly packed. Following flowering woody seed pods form that are pendulous with an ąmoniliform shape and a length of and a diameter of that age to a brown to yellowish colour. The brown seeds inside have a broadly ellipsoid shape and a length of .
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Fruit is yellow to orange with paired ellipsoid follicles, each up to long. Its habitat is forests from sea level to altitude. Local medicinal uses include as a treatment for eye inflammation, sores and ringworm-infected skin. Schizozygia coffaeoides is native to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Malawi and the Comoros.
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In 1848, Henri Hureau de Sénarmont applied a heated point to a polished crystal surface that had been coated with wax. In some materials that had "isotropic" structure, a ring of melt would spread across the surface in a circle. In anisotropic crystals the spread took the form of an ellipse. In three dimensions this spread is an ellipsoid.
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Suchoolithus is known from a single, well-preserved egg clutch of 13 eggs. The eggs have a blunt, ellipsoid shape, and are quite small (measuring only long by across). All but two of the eggs are arranged horizontally in the clutch. The eggshell is only 163 μm thick, and is sculpted with tiny, irregular bumps on its outer surface.
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Buglossoporus has a hyphal system that is dimitic in the context, but monomitic in the trama. Generative hyphae have clamp connections, while the skeletal hyphae are thick-walled. There are no cystidia in the hymenium, but thin-walled cystidioles are typically present. Spores produced by Buglossoporus range in shape from ellipsoid, to cylindrical, to spindle-shaped.
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Initially whitish, it turns yellowish with a waxy sheen when dry. In deposit, ascospores are smooth, ellipsoid, hyaline (translucent), and measure 4.7–5.1 by 5.2–5.7 µm. They are thin-walled and contain oil droplets. Asci (spore-bearing cells) are eight- spored, cylindrical, and hyaline, and have dimensions of 5.2–5.9 µm long by 91–94 µm long.
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Bocksbeutel The Bocksbeutel is a type of wine bottle with the form of a flattened ellipsoid. It is commonly used for wines from Franconia in Germany, but is also used for some Portuguese wines, in particular rosés, where the bottle is called cantil, and in rare cases for Italian wine (in this case called pulcianella) and Greek wine.
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The cap has a diameter of 5–17 cm (2–7 in) and is white and scaled with remnants of the universal veil. The stipe is 6–18 cm (2–7 in) long by thick, white and similarly scaled, with a ring. Spores are ellipsoid to elongated, amyloid, and measure 11–12.5 by 7–8 µm.
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It has 0.8 – 1 cm long and 0.2 cm wide anthers, that are orange or pale violet. It has white or off-white pollen. After the iris has flowered, in September, it produces a thin ellipsoid seed capsule, that are long, with an acute apex. They dehisce (split open) below the apex of the capsule, with 3 lateral slits.
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Denghoog is an artificial hill created in the 4th millennium BC on top of a passage grave. The hill today has a height of around 3.5 metres and a diameter at the base of around 32 metres. The internal chamber is ellipsoid, measuring about 5 metres by 3 metres. Its roof is supported by twelve large boulders.
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The tree produces large fruit, ellipsoid to very slightly obovate; basal area slightly depressed and radially furrowed; apical nipple suppressed or indistinct. Color lemon-yellow when ripe. Rind very thick and fleshy, sweet with some bitter after-taste; surface rather rough, bumpy, and commonly somewhat ribbed. Flesh crisp and solid; lacking in juice; flavor sweet without acid.
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Leaf blade ovate, elliptic, obovate-elliptic, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate; leathery to thinly leathery, pale green or glaucescent green and reddish brown glandular punctate. Axillary flowers are pale yellow. There are up to more than 10 in a corymb. The fruit is ellipsoid 2–3.5 cm in diameter and contains long obovate seeds, with a fleshy red outer layer.
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Scutellinia subhirtella is a species of fungus belonging to the family Pyronemataceae. It was described as new to science in 1971 by Czech mycologist Mirko Svrček from specimens collected in the former Czechoslovakia. The yellowish-red to red fruitbodies of the fungus measure in diameter. Spores are hyaline (translucent), ellipsoid, and measure 18–22 by 12–14 μm.
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The stem base extends deeply into the substrate. The mushroom's odour is strong and nutty, of anise or almonds, which can be associated with the presence of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. Its taste has been described as not distinctive. Under a microscope, the ellipsoid-shaped spores are seen characteristically large at 7–10 by 4.5–6.5 μm.
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The cap is buff-brown to dingy orangish-brown and pale ochraceous when dry. It is smooth, hygrophanous, and slightly translucent-striate when moist but not viscid and without a separable gelatinous pellicle. The flesh is whitish to cream-colored, bruising blue when injured. Spores are purple-brown, ellipsoid, slightly flattened, and thick-walled, with a distinct germ pore.
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Piet Hein. Piet Hein Superegg In geometry, a superegg is a solid of revolution obtained by rotating an elongated superellipse with exponent greater than 2 around its longest axis. It is a special case of superellipsoid. Unlike an elongated ellipsoid, an elongated superegg can stand upright on a flat surface, or on top of another superegg.
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The pistillate (female) flowers are 5–8mm in length. The shape of the 1.6-2cm x 1.5-1.7cm fruit is an elongated ellipsoid, yellowish-green to purplish-green in colour at maturity, and with yellow flesh which tastes sweet and sour. The 1-1.2cm x 0.9-1.1cm nut has an ovoid shape containing 1-3 seeds.
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Mycena galericulata produces a white spore print. The spores are ellipsoid, 8–10 by 5.5–7 μm, and amyloid—which means they will turn blue-black to black when stained with Melzer's reagent. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) have stout sterigmata, and measure 34–40 by 7–9 μm. They may be either two-spored or four-spored.
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The spore print is pinkish-brown. The cheilocystidia of Volvopluteus earlei are variably shaped and often have a long apical outgrowth. The spores are ellipsoid and measure 11–16 by 8–11 μm. Basidia are 20–40 by 8–16 μm; they are usually four-spored but sometimes two-spored, and, more rarely, one-spored forms can occur.
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Ascospores are formed, then ejected from the tip of the fruit body to the outside world. Spores generally have a slightly angular ellipsoid shape, and in many species they are separated by a single partition, usually exhibiting a colorless to pale yellow color, and the cell walls are thick with warts or humps on the surface.
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The game play remains similar to Ecstatica, with improvements to the game's controls and more detailed ellipsoid graphics. The play area is much larger than the first title and offers free-roaming gameplay involving exploration of the castle. Enemies also respawn after a certain period. The protagonist can pick up various swords with different strength and reach.
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The apothecal disc is round to squished and irregular, and ranges in colors: black, brown, red, or yellow, or in-between. The disc may be smooth or it may be rough. The asci range from being narrow to being club shaped (clavate). Spores are colorless, spherical to ellipsoid, and range from tens to hundreds per ascus.
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Haploporus species have an annual to perennial growth habit. They are crust like, with sessile or effused-reflexed (crust like with outside edges extended to form caps) fruit bodies. The hyphal system of Haploporus is dimitic to trimitic; the generative hyphae have clamp connections. The spores are oblong ellipsoid to roughly spherical, ornamented, thick-walled and cyanophilous.
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Immature flowers Fruit The drupes are green, globose in shape, turning bright red at maturity in late summer; each fruit is 5 mm in diameter and contains typically one or two ellipsoid-ovoid shaped stones. The fruits, coming into season in late summer, are edible but not appetizing. The large seeds within are somewhat hard and crunchy.
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Two vertical- axis-aligned cylinders intersect when, simultaneously, their projections on the vertical axis intersect – which are two line segments – as well their projections on the horizontal plane – two circular disks. Both are easy to test. In video games, bounding cylinders are often used as bounding volumes for people standing upright. A ' is an ellipsoid containing the object.
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Texas Rainbow Cactus The fruits of E. dasyacanthus are usually green or greenish purple at first. As they mature the fruits become a darker purple. The pulp is very juicy and can be white to purplish-pink in color. The fruit are globose to ellipsoid and relatively large measuring at 6 cm long and 4.5 cm wide.
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The central ridge is yellow with a light green claw. It has a bright green ellipsoid seed capsule, which is about 6–10 cm long. They have 6 sharp, wing-like, equally spaced ridges, which converge to form a stout beak at apex of the capsule. Inside, are brown, circular or lozenge-like (8-12mm diameter) seeds.
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The apothecia are stipitate or nearly so, and split radially with age. The proper exciple is cup-shaped, with a single thick (30–70 µm) hyaline layer. Unlike other parmelioids, it is not differentiated into three layers. Ascospores are ellipsoid, typically measuring 11.5–16.5 by 7.5–10µm with a spore wall that is less than 1 µm thick.
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A. subrubescens mushrooms are mildly toxic: consumption causes a gastrointestinal illness that usually subsides one to four hours after ingestion. In deposit, the spores are white. The spores are 3.4–4.7 by 2.2–3.4 µm, ellipsoid to ovoid in shape, and amyloid (absorbing iodine when stained with Melzer's reagent). Most have a single large oil drop.
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The spores are ellipsoid, slightly almond- shaped, verrucose, and measure 9–10 by 4.8–6 μm. The basidia (the spore- bearing cells) are 30–35 by 7–9 μm. On the edge of the gills there are thin- walled irregularly bottle-shaped cheilocystidia, which protrude 20–30 μm. The spore deposit is brownish rust to light brown.
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It blooms from July to December and produces yellow flowers. The simple inflorescences occur singly or in pairs in the axils. The spherical to widely ellipsoid shaped flower-heads contain 22 to 32 densely packed golden flowers and are around in length with a diameter of . The linear, curved, dark brown seed pods with yellow margins form after flowering.
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Schematic of Itokawa two lobes separated from each other. Their divergent densities suggest that these were stand-alone bodies that came into contact later on, making the rubble pile also a likely contact binary. Goldstone and Arecibo Itokawa is a stony S-type asteroid. Radar imaging by Goldstone in 2001 observed an ellipsoid meters long and meters wide.
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Photometric observations show a rotation period of with a brightness variation of 0.20 in magnitude. Using a tri-axial ellipsoidal model derived from light curve data, the overall shape of the asteroid is estimated to be a/b = 1.24 ± 0.12 and b/c = 1.83 ± 0.10, where a/b/c are the three axes of an ellipsoid.
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His contribution of this topics are classified by under two sections, named respectively "Fondamenti della teoria della funzione potenziale"Literally, "fundamentals of the theory of the potential function" . and "Attrazione dell'elissoide e funzioni armoniche ellissoidali"."Attraction by an ellipsoid and ellipsoidal harmonics" . The work deals with the definition and properties of ellipsoidal harmonics and the related Lamé functions.
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The New Zealand Map Grid (NZMG) is a map projection based on the New Zealand Geodetic Datum 1949. It has now been replaced by the New Zealand Transverse Mercator 2000 projection, which is based on the New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 using the GRS80 reference ellipsoid. This is the grid setting used for GPS in New Zealand.
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Gambierdiscus australes is a species of toxic (ciguatoxin- and maitotoxin-like toxicity) dinoflagellates. It is 76–93 μm long and 65–85 μm wide dorsoventrally and its surface is smooth. It is identified by a broad ellipsoid apical pore plate surrounded by 31 round pores. Its first plate occupies 30% of the width of the hypotheca.
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As this vertical is everywhere perpendicular to the idealized surface of mean sea level, or the geoid, this means that the figure of the Earth is even more irregular than an ellipsoid of revolution. Thus the study of the "undulation of the geoid" became the next great undertaking in the science of studying the figure of the Earth.
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The stipe is long, and thick and lime green in color. The base of the stem is whitish, moist or dry, and in age develops grooves, or striations. The stem is hollow, and tapers somewhat in width towards the top. The spores are ellipsoid, smooth, and inamyloid, with dimensions of 7–10 by 5–6.5 µm.
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Like the gills, the top of the stem is often beaded with drops of translucent liquid in moist weather. The spores are ellipsoid, smooth, and measure 7–9 by 4.5–5 µm. They are yellowish when stained with Melzer's reagent. The basidia (spore-bearing cells in the hymenium) are four-spored, and measure 40–54 by 6–8 µm.
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Antella species have light-coloured, crust-like fruit bodies with a poroid surface. They have a dimitic hyphal system, with both generative and skeletal hyphae, and clamp connections in the hyphae. The thin-walled spores are ellipsoid, measuring less than 4.5 by 2.5 μm. There are well-differentiated gloeocystidia, a feature that helps differentiate Antella from Antrodiella.
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Cortinarius badiolaevis produces spores which measure from 7 to 8.5 by 4.5 to 5.5 μm. They range from almond-shaped to ellipsoid. There are wart-like ornamentations, but it is not heavily ornamented. They are dextrinoid, meaning that they stain red-brown in Melzer's reagent or Lugol's solution, and stains darkly in potassium hydroxide (the KOH test).
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The flesh is thin, fragile, yellowish to brownish, and lacks any appreciable odor or taste. The spore print is brownish-black. The edibility of P. auricoma is not known with certainty, but the fruit bodies are small and insubstantial. The spores are ellipsoid, have a central germ pore, and measure 10–14 by 5.75–8 μm.
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The white/cream heads are globular and 6-9 mm wide on smooth peduncles which are 6-14 mm long. The linear or oblong, slightly curved pods are greyish and 75-130 mm long by 20-28 mm wide. The broadly ellipsoid, brown seeds are transverse in the pod and 10 mm long by 7-9 mm wide.
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The leaves are just sheaths. The simple or compound inflorescence has four to twelve primary branches up to a length of approximately but usually shorter. The spikelets are flattened with between four and fifteen in each cluster each are long and in width. Following flowering a grey-brown trigonous nut with an obovoid to ellipsoid shape will form.
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Psammophiliella muralis is an annual,Flora of North America Editorial Committee (editors) with erect glabrous (non hairy) stems. It grows up to tall, with linear shaped leaves. It blooms between summer and fall, with pink or very occasionally white flowers, which are across. Later it has fruit capsules, which are ovoid or ellipsoid, inside are snail-shaped seeds.
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The arms are about 30 percent hotter than the surrounding gas cloud. The arms form the rim of two large ellipsoid bubbles of hot gas. One more bubble-like feature has been detected about 2 kpc south of the northeastern arm. A weak radio source, elongated in the NE–SW direction, connects the NE and SW bubbles.
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The 30 – 40 mm high volva is attached to the bottom 5 mm or so of the stipe. The spores measure 10.5-13.4 × 9.5-12.5 (1.05-1.34 x 0.95-1.25 cm) μm and are subglobose (infrequently either globose or broadly ellipsoid) and inamyloid. Clamps are absent from the bases of basidia. Amanita umbrinolutea is widely distributed in Europe.
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The cap is sometimes translucent-striate near the margin, often with an umbo. It usually stains blue or black in age. The gills are cream-colored when young, violet brown in age, with a subsinuate or adnate attachment. Psilocybe villarrealiae spores are dark violet brown, oblong to ellipsoid or subrhomboid, thin-walled, and 7 x 4 µm.
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It has a 1.5–2 cm long perianth tube, 1.5 cm long stamens, yellow anthers, 1–1.5 cm long ovary and 1.8 cm long style branches. After the iris has flowered, between June and August, it produces an ellipsoid seed capsule, that is long and 1.2–1.8 cm in diameter. It has a short beak-like apex.
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A gravity anomaly is the difference between the observed acceleration of free fall, or gravity, on a planet's surface, and the corresponding value predicted from a model of the planet's gravity field. Typically the model is based on simplifying assumptions, such as that, under its self-gravitation and rotational motion, the planet assumes the figure of an ellipsoid of revolution. Gravity on the surface of this reference ellipsoid is then given by a simple formula which only contains the latitude, and subtraction from observed gravity in the same location will yield the gravity anomaly. Anomaly values are typically much smaller than the values of gravity itself, as the bulk contributions of the total mass of the planet, of its rotation and of its associated flattening, have been subtracted.
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The cap cuticle, which is not clearly differentiated from the cap tissue, consists of thin-walled, interwoven hyphae 2.5–9 μm in diameter. The tissue of the universal veil on the cap consists of more or less parallel and erect rows of roughly spherical, and ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid cells, up to 78 by 65 μm and spindle- to club-shaped cells up to 125 by 30 μm. These latter cells are terminal or in short, terminal chains, and are borne on moderately abundant, thin-walled, branched, interwoven, sometimes nearly coralloid hyphae, 3–9.5 μm diameter with a few scattered oleiferous (oil-containing) hyphae, 5–12.5 μm diameter. The distribution of hyphae at the stem base is similar to that on the cap, but with more filamentous hyphae.
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The ascospores pointed-ellipsoid, surface with fine, longitudinal ridges, biguttulate, 25–35 × 11–13.5 µm. The typical habitat is on wood like twigs and rotten tree limbs, at low altitudes (usually below 1000 m), in the tropics. The distribution of this species includes the lowlands of Central America, Mexico, the Caribbean, South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and the South Pacific. Cookeina venezuelae (Berk.
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The fungus produces shelf-like fruit bodies, usually in diameter, attached directly to the substrate without a stipe. The caps have concentrically ridged surfaces, and are brown with lilac tints. The lilac-coloured surface of the cap underside has 4–5 pores per millimetre. The spore print is white; spores are smooth, ellipsoid, and measure 6–9 by 2–3 µm.
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Their sessile fruit, usually in pairs, grow from the segment joints. They are ellipsoid berries of 6-7 mm in diameter, that are warty when young but smooth and orange when ripe. The species is vegetatively similar to V. anceps and artificially resembles the Asian species V. dichotomum. Male inflorescences and fruit are required to separate it from V. shirense and V. cylindricum.
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The datum of that system was based on the Bessel ellipsoid, with an accurate determination of the geodetic coordinates at the central premises of the National Observatory of Athens supplemented by an accurately measured azimuth from the objervatory to Mount Parnes. Cartographic projections for civilian use were based on the Hatt projection system, with different projection parameters for each 1:100000 map.
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The spores are 7–9 by 4–5 μm, ellipsoid, smooth, amyloid (reaction very weak in some collections). The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are four-spored, or occasionally a combination of two- and four-spored. The four-spored forms have clamp connections that are absent in the two-spored forms. The pleurocystidia (cystidia found on the face of the gills) are not differentiated.
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The satellites measurements refer to a pure geometrical system (usually the WGS84 ellipsoid), whereas the terrestrial heights refer to the geoid. We need accurate geoid data to combine the different types of measurements. # For geophysics. Because VD data are affected by the physical structure of the Earth's crust and mantle, geodesists are engaged in models to improve our knowledge of the Earth's interior.
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This difference is the geoid height, positive above or outside the ellipsoid, negative below or inside. The geoid height variation is under on Earth. The geoid height can change abruptly due to earthquakes (such as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake) or reduction in ice masses (such as Greenland).NASA's Grace Finds Greenland Melting Faster, 'Sees' Sumatra Quake, December 20, 2005, Goddard Space Flight Center.
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Since the estimate by Eratosthenes, many models have been created. Historically, these models were based on regional topography, giving the best reference ellipsoid for the area under survey. As satellite remote sensing and especially the Global Positioning System gained importance, true global models were developed which, while not as accurate for regional work, best approximate the Earth as a whole.
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The ring is membranous, white to buff, first hanging freely then later adhering to the stem. The flesh of the cap is white, occasionally pale isabelline under the center of the cap; the flesh of the stem is white. The spore print is white. The spores are typically 9–12 by 8–10.5 μm, spherical to ellipsoid, and thin-walled.
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Scutellinia setosa is a species of apothecial fungus belonging to the family Pyronemataceae. Its fruit bodies are disc-shaped with thick black "hairs" (setae) around the cup rim. The smooth, ellipsoid, spores measure 11–13 by 20–22 µm and contain numerous oil droplets. The asci (spore-bearing cells) are roughly cylindrical, measuring 300–325 µm by 12–15 µm.
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Two large, ovate to elliptic bracteoles subtend and protect the young corolla. The persistent bracteoles may be conspicuously veined or covered by long, villous trichomes. The small, ellipsoid fruit capsules explosively release two to four flat seeds (two ovules per ovary cell) when moisture is absorbed by their hygroscopic hairs. Young foliage and branches are covered in gland-tipped hairs.
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Conocybe tenera is a small saprotrophic mushroom with a conic to convex cap and is smooth and colored cinnamon brown. It is usually less than 2 cm across and is striate almost to the center. The gills are adnate and colored pale brown, darkening in age. The spores are yellowish brown, smooth and ellipsoid with a germ pore, measuring 12 x 6 micrometres.
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Cantharellus zangii is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae. Described as new to science in 2012, it is found only in a small area in northwestern Yunnan, China. The fungus produces small, bright orange fruit bodies (mushrooms) with thin flesh and a long tapering stipe. Microscopically, the mushroom features thin-walled hyphae with clamp connections, and large ellipsoid-shaped spores.
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Historically a nautical mile was defined as the length of one minute of arc along a meridian of a spherical earth. An ellipsoid model leads to a variation of the nautical mile with latitude. This was resolved by defining the nautical mile to be exactly 1,852 metres. However, for all practical purposes distances are measured from the latitude scale of charts.
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Fruit bodies are composed of hyphae lacking clamp connections in a gelatinous matrix. In one species the hyphal system is dimitic. The spore-bearing surface is initially covered in a layer of weakly branched hyphidia below which the basidia are formed. The basidia are tremelloid (ellipsoid and vertically septate), giving rise to long, sinuous sterigmata or epibasidia on which the basidiospores are produced.
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It has toothed lobes (at the tips), that are irregular. After the iris has flowered, between June and August, it produces an ellipsoid or obovoid (oblong-ovoid), light green, seed capsule. It is long and 2–2.5 cm wide, and has 6 ribs. When it ripens, (and goes brown,) it splits in three, along 2 or more seams, starting from the top.
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The stipe color is dark beige to dark mouse gray, cap-colored at maturity. Smell and flavor is sweet. Basidia with four sterigmata, basidiospores ellipsoid, smooth, amyloid, (6) 7–9 (10) × 4–5 μm. Cheilocystidia present, clavate to broadly fusiform; subcylindrical to spindle-shaped or sometimes with one or two protuberances; smooth or with low incrustation at apex in KOH.
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The fungus has an unpleasant odor and a taste described as "metallic". Typical tree associates include pine, Douglas fir, and hemlock. Initially white, the gleba (the interior contents) turn olive to olive-brown in maturity, with the contents developing a gelatinous consistency. The smooth spores of R. evadens are narrowly ellipsoid in shape, and measure 6–8 by 2–2.3 µm.
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Sprucidea is a genus of four crustose lichens in the family Malmideaceae. Similar to the related genus Malmidea, Sprucidea is characterized by frequently red thalli that contain the secondary compound norsolorinic acid, but differs in the rod-shaped instead of ellipsoid ascospores and in the stalked sporodochia as conidiomata. Sprucidea species are found in rainforest areas in South America and Southeast Asia.
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The eggs of P. farinalis are ellipsoid in shape and very wrinkled with creases running lengthwise along the egg. These wrinkles form a reticulated pattern on the surface of the egg. Eggs are usually laid between two and five days after copulation and hatch after a nine-day incubation period. Healthy females produce an average of 235 eggs in her lifetime.
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The tips and base are either rounded or taper to a blunt tip and there are 3 to 5 prominent veins. The stems are hairless and either branch on the upper part of the plant or from underground rhizomes. The fruit is an oval to ellipsoid capsule around an eighth of an inch long, and is a reddish to deep purple color.
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IRAS measurements in 1983 estimated the asteroid to be 317 ± 5 km in diameter. An occultation in 1996 produced a diameter of 329 km. Observations of a favorable occultation of a bright 6.6 magnitude star on March 23, 2003, produced thirty-five chords indicating an ellipsoid of 350×304 km, thus giving the asteroid a geometric mean diameter of 326 km.
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The name chosen by Korf honors the Swedish mycologist John Axel Nannfeldt, responsible for some early advances in the understanding of this fungus and other cup fungi. P. nannfeldtii is classified in Korf's section Plectania of the genus Plectania because of its ellipsoid ascospores. Vernacular names for the species include the "black felt cup", "Nannfeldt's Plectania", or the "black snowbank cup fungus".
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The flesh is thick and white. The spores, yellowish in deposit, are ellipsoid, feature longitudinal striations, and measure about 13.8 by 4.7 micrometers. The type species of the genus Ramaria, R. botrytis was first described scientifically in 1797 by mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. A widely distributed species, it is found in North America, North Africa, central and eastern Europe, Australia, and Asia.
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In geodesy, a meridian arc measurement is the distance between two points with the same longitude, i.e., a segment of a meridian curve or its length. Two or more such determinations at different locations then specify the shape of the reference ellipsoid which best approximates the shape of the geoid. This process is called the determination of the figure of the Earth.
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Fusoid cystidioles present in the hymenium, thin- walled, not encrusted, 9–12 by 3–4 µm, with a basal clamp. The basidia are ovoid to clavate, four-sterigmate, 9–12 by 4–5 µm, with a basal clamp. Spores are oblong-ellipsoid, slightly curved, hyaline, smooth, do not stain with Melzer's reagent, and measure 3–4 by 1.5–2 µm.
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The mycelium can cover the plant surface almost completely, especially the upper sides of leaves. Ascocarp is dark brown, globose with filamentous appendages, asci oblong. Ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid, 20–30 x 10–13 µm in size. Anamorph produces on hyaline conidiophores catenate conidia of oblong to cylindrical shape, not including fibrosin bodies, 32–44 x 12–15 µm in size.
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Bryoria species are fruticose, slender and hair-like, tending to grow hanging (pendent) or like a small bush. They range in colour from dark brown to pale greyish brown to grey in some species. Ascospores are colourless, ellipsoid, numbering eight per ascus. Other hair-like lichens that may be confused with Bryoria include dark brown species of Bryocaulon, Nodobryoria, Pseudephebe, Alectoria, or Cetraria.
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The cylindric stipe measures long by thick, and tapers slightly both near the top and the base. It has a smooth surface and ranges in colour from pale cream to pinkish-buff. The spore print is cream, while the spores are ellipsoid, measuring 6.3–9.6 by 5.2–7.3 µm. They have an incompletely reticulated surface with ridges up to 0.5 µm high.
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The ellipsoid to almond-shaped spores measure 10–13 by 5.4–6.9 µm, and turn yellowish brown in KOH. Western Australian specimens have slightly larger spores, averaging 11.1 by 5.9 µm. The edibility of this mushroom is unknown, and it should be avoided, as some of its close relatives contain lethal toxins. Young fruitbodies of C. australiensis can resemble those of Amanita ovoidea.
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The matrix is diagonalized because the off-diagonal components are all now zero. The rotation angles required to get to this equivalent position now appear in the three vectors and can be read out as the x, y, and z components of each of them. Those three vectors are called "eigenvectors" or characteristic vectors. They contain the orientation information of the original ellipsoid.
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Auriporia are characterized by crust-like fruit bodies with a yellowish pore surface that grow on dead wood. They have a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae that are clamped, and thin to thick-walled. The cystidia are smooth with short side branches or protuberances, and are typically incrusted at the apex. The spores produced are hyaline (translucent), oblong, and ellipsoid in shape.
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The spores are broadly ellipsoid to roughly spherical, hyaline (translucent), smooth, and have dimensions of 9–12 by 7–8 µm. They are non-amyloid, meaning that they do not absorb iodine when stained with Melzer's reagent. The spore- producing cells, the basidia, are club-shaped, measure 38–46 by 3–13 µm, and have clamps at their bases.Jenkins (1986), p. 38.
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Capsicum frutescens is a wild chili pepper having genetic proximity to the cultivated pepper Capsicum chinense native to the Amazon Basin. Pepper cultivars of C. frutescens can be annual or short-lived perennial plants. Flowers are white with a greenish white or greenish yellow corolla, and are either insect- or self-pollinated. The plants' berries typically grow erect; ellipsoid-conical to lanceoloid shaped.
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The variety kimberleyana, named for its type locality in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, has a greenish-cream cap colour, gills that become white and readily crumble when dry, long pseudorhiza (a cordlike structure resembling a plant root) with a hairy surface, ellipsoid basidiospores, thick-walled "hairs" (setae) on the cap surface, and a unique capitulate ("head-like") pleurocystidia.
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It has whitish to pale lilac purple Stigma (botany)#Style branches, that are long and 1–2 cm wide. After the iris has flowered, between June and July, it produces an ellipsoid seed capsule, that is long and 2–2.5 cm wide. Inside, are reddish brown seeds, that are pyriform (pear-shaped) or sub- globose, with a rugose (wrinkled) coating.
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The spore print, freshly made, is white to whitish; after drying out the spores in mass are pale yellowish. The spores are broadly ellipsoid, hyaline (translucent) and measure 9–13 by 7–9 µm. An apiculus is prominent. The spores are ornamented with warts and spines that do not form a reticulum (a system of raised, net- like ridges) on the surface.
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After completing growth as a larva, the immature A. suspensa transition into a pupa. The pupae are fully encompassed by the hardened skin of the 3rd larval instar which forms a covering called a puparium. The pupae possess an ellipsoid shape and appear golden to reddish- brown. During this phase, there are visible spiracles on the anterior surface that allow for respiration.
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The color ranges from beige to buff to dark brown in mature specimens; the margin are lighter- colored. Fresh fruit bodies that are injured exude a red juice, or will bruise a red color if touched. The fruit bodies dry to a greyish-brown color. The spores are ellipsoid to cylindrical, amyloid, and typically measure 7–10 by 3–4.5 µm.
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The flavour is generally much sweeter than that of the rambutan. The seed is ovoid, oblong or ellipsoid, light brown, somewhat flattened on one side, and 2 to 3.5 cm long. While very similar to rambutan, the fruit lacks the hairy spines. The flesh is very sweet and juicy, and separates easily from the seed, much more easily than the rambutan.
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The spores are 9–13 by 5–6.5 μm, smooth, ellipsoid, occasionally somewhat pear-shaped, and very weakly amyloid. The basidia are four-spored. The pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are similar and very abundant, and measure 70–90 by 9–15 μm. They are narrowly fusoid-ventricose and usually have abruptly pointed tips, sometimes forked or branched near the apex, hyaline, and smooth.
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Spores are typically from 10–20 µm in diameter, ellipsoid in shape, smooth, and pigmented ochre to brownish. The basidia (usually 4-spored) often envelop their sterigmata in gastroid-like fashion (i.e., enclosed), and may be narrower in the middle with a broader base. Chrysocystidium are present on the hymenium, on the sterile surfaces of young specimens, and as endocystidia.
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The inflorescence of the herb is forty-flowered and arises from one to three nodes, with the ascending or horizontal flowering branches arising from up to six nodes. The lax inflorescence is predominantly cylindrical to subcorymbiform. The pedicels are long and the lanceolate, entire bracts and bracteoles are long. The star- shaped flowers are wide and are ellipsoid and obtuse while in bud.
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The surface tissue turns green upon the application of a solution of ferric sulphate, and yellow with a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide. The spores are pale yellowish orange ("light buff") in print. Additional features may be discerned using light microscopy: they are smooth, narrowly ellipsoid, and measure 8–15 by 3–6 μm. The hyphae are monomitic, and clamp connections are present.
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Spores are short-ellipsoid with a deep yellowish-brown colour. Their surface features an intricate ornamentation of 8–12 large, winged, longitudinal costae interspersed with ridges, and a thickened rim at the base. Basidia (spore-bearing cells) are pear-shaped and bear four sterigmata. Cystidia are club-shaped to lance-shaped, thin-walled, and have a brown pigment contained within vacuoles.
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The spores of Boletellus are oblong to ellipsoid, smooth, and rust-colored. The stem is solid (i.e., not hollow), white, and not reticulate. Additional characteristics of the genus have been delineated or amended since its original description over 100 years ago: spores have longitudinal ridges or "wings", are imamyloid, and rarely dextrinoid (staining deep reddish to reddish brown in Melzer's reagent).
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Spore balls are hyaline to pale yellowish, without granules, 7–20 µm in diameter, and mostly persistent. The ascospores are ellipsoid to somewhat sausage shaped, and measure 2.1–3.9 by 1.1–1.7 µm. Cultures grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar show rapid growth after 2–6 days; they are white with abundant production of spore cysts when both mating strains are present.
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The sparse latex is white and has an immediately acrid taste. Lactarius torminulosus mushrooms produce a pale cream spore print. Spores are ellipsoid in shape, measuring on average 8.2–8.8 by 6.4–6.6 µm. The spore surface features warts and ridges up to 0.5 µm (less frequently up to 1 µm) high that are connected by thin ridges to form a partial reticulum.
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Most non-Euclidean geometries can be modeled by a manifold, and embedded in a Euclidean space of higher dimension. For example, an elliptic space can be modeled by an ellipsoid. It is common to represent in a Euclidean space mathematics objects that are a priori not of a geometrical nature. An example among many is the usual representation of graphs.
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Fruit bodies have no distinctive taste or odor. The spore print is white. The thin-walled spores are ellipsoid with a prominent hilum, smooth, hyaline (translucent), and measure 8–10 by 4.2–4.8 μm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped, hyaline, clamped, and are attached to anywhere from one to four spores; they measure 20–24 by 7–8 μm.
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Projection construction is also affected by how the shape of the Earth or planetary body is approximated. In the following section on projection categories, the earth is taken as a sphere in order to simplify the discussion. However, the Earth's actual shape is closer to an oblate ellipsoid. Whether spherical or ellipsoidal, the principles discussed hold without loss of generality.
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Fruit bodies of Barcheria are small, measuring by . They have a fragile texture, lack a stipe, and have purplish-brown scales on the outer skin (peridium). The internal gleba changes colour from cream to pale after it is exposed to air. Spores are thick walled and smooth, roughly spherical to broadly ellipsoid, and hyaline (translucent) when mounted in water or dilute potassium hydroxide.
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Body segments are modeled as rigid bodies drawn as triangle meshes with uniform mass density. Meshes can be selected from a set of primitives (cube, ellipsoid, cone, etc.) or imported from third party software such as Maya or Blender. Physics are simulated with the Vortex engine. Users can specify separate collision and graphical meshes for a rigid body, greatly reducing simulation time.
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The authalic (equal area) radius of the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid is . The resulting arcminute is . The United States chose five significant digits for its nautical mile, 6080.2 feet, whereas the United Kingdom chose four significant digits for its Admiralty mile, 6080 feet. In 1929, the international nautical mile was defined by the First International Extraordinary Hydrographic Conference in Monaco as exactly 1,852 metres.
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The flesh in the stipe is whitish to yellowish at the base, and does not change color with injury. It has ellipsoid spores measuring 9–11 by 5–6 µm. The type collection was made in Chichushan (Yunnan Province), in September 1938 growing under the conifer species Chinese white pine (Pinus armandii). Related Asian Tylopilus species include T. javanicus and T. roseolus.
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The gills are not attached to the stalk (free), narrow, and crowded closely together. They start out whitish in color, then later pinkish, and finally black-brown as the spores mature. Spores are ellipsoid, smooth, dark purplish-brown when viewed microscopically, with dimensions of 6–7.5 by 4–5 μm. The stipe is by thick, and bulbous at the base.
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Leaves are usually longer than the culms and are strongly septate to nodulose and around wide. The compound to decompound inflorescence has three to eight primary branches up to in length in dense clusters. Following flowering it will form a trigonous pale red-brown to dark brown nut. The nut is narrow- ellipsoid in shape with a length of and a diameter of .
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The shape is described as a fan and can grow up to 6cm wide. It has been described to have a moldy earth like smell. The hyphae of mycorrhizal forms walls that becomes thicker as it ages, while in earlier stages may be spiney. When mating, the hyphae forms clamp connections The spores are purple- brown colour, ellipsoid or angular shape.
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The hyphal system is monomitic, the generative hyphae septate with or without clamp connections, with thin or somewhat thick, amyloid or inamyloid, indextrinoid and acyanophilous walls; the majority of hyphae are distinctly inflated (the fundamental hyphae). The basidiospores are ellipsoid to roughly spherical in shape, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, with smooth, amyloid or inamyloid, indextrinoid and acyanophilous walls.
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Parasites that are growing have oval or ellipsoid shapes; these parasites stick to the host cell nuclei, which are enlarged, deformed and have a crescent shape. The host's cell cytoplasm near growing gametocytes. Advanced young gametocytes have invaginations lining their sides. This is opposite to the host cell nuclei, which gives the growing gametocytes the appearance of giant beans with rounded ends.
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Schweigger-Seidel sheath is a phagocytic sleeve that is part of a sheathed arteriole of the spleen, and is sometimes referred to as a splenic ellipsoid. It is a spindle-shaped thickening in the walls of the second part of the arterial branches forming the penicilli in the spleen. It is named after German physiologist Franz Schweigger-Seidel (1834-1871).
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Nigrofomes melanoporus is somewhat similar in appearance to Nigroporus vinosus. Known from tropical regions and from Florida, this fungus has a larger cap that is up to wide, a hard dark brown to purplish black cap surface, a dark brown to blackish pore surface with pores arranged in a honeycomb, and ellipsoid spores measuring 4–5 by 3–3.5 µm.
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Fruit bodies have hemispherical to convex brownish caps measuring in diameter. The roundish pores on the cap underside are pale yellow, numbering about 1–2 per mm, while the tubes are 6–8 mm long. The fresh spore print is dark pink to purplish gray. Spores are smooth, ellipsoid to fusiform (spindle-shaped), and typically measure 33–43 by 4–8 µm.
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The basidiospores are 7–11 x 4.5–6 µm in size, ellipsoid in shape, marked with very small spots, and yellowish to yellowish-brown under microscopic view. Basidia are 27–32 x 6–7 µm and 4-spored. Pleurocystidia are absent. The cheilocystidia are 22–63 x 3–12 µm, cylindric, and either swelling in the middle, or bottle-shaped.
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Phytophthora quercina is a papillate homothallic soil-borne plant pathogen causing root rot of oak tree species in Europe. It is associated with necrotic fine roots. In culture, this species shows a uniform, dome-shaped and cottonwool-like colony growth pattern. It also frequently presents sympodially branched primary hyphae, a high proportion of elongated, ellipsoid or ovoid oogonia, the absence of amphigynous antheridia.
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Spores range in shape from more or less spherical to ellipsoid, and are hyaline (translucent), with thin walls. In deposit, they are white. Bankera has a monomitic hyphal system with brownish to hyaline, inflated generative hyphae. In 2013, based on molecular and morphological evidence, Richard Baird proposed that the type species Bankera fuligineoalba be transferred into the genus Phellodon, as Phellodon fuligineoalbus.
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Saraswati river at Andul in c.1650 AD. Banalinga, a stone found in nature, in the bed of the Narmada river in Madhya Pradesh state, India, is an iconic symbol of worship, based on either the scriptures or cultural traditions among the Hindus, particularly of the Shaivaites and Smartha Brahmins. Stones are ancient and connote divinity. It is a smooth ellipsoid stone.
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In all cases where these attachment organs are found, however, they are few in number and are sparsely distributed on the lower thallus surface. The apothecia of Hypogymnia are lecanorine in form with a constricted base and are often raised or shaped like an urn. The apothecial discs are red-brown and typically concave. Ascospores are colourless, ellipsoid, and number eight per ascus.
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A few characteristics distinguish Polychaos dubium from other species of Polychaos. The crystals floating in its cytoplasm take the shape of flat bipyramids, flat plates, or clustered platelets. The nucleus is ellipsoid in shape, has granules next to the membrane, and lacks an endosome. The cell is usually polypodal (has many pseudopodia), and the endoplasm and ectoplasm of the cytoplasm are clear.
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In 1804 after the dissolution of the flax-spinning company of which he was manager, he obtained one of the mathematical chairs in the Royal Military College, Great Marlow (afterwards removed to Sandhurst); and until the year 1816, when failing health obliged him to resign, he discharged his professional duties with remarkable success. During this period he published in the Philosophical Transactions several important memoirs, which earned for him the Copley Medal in 1814 and ensured his election as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1815. Of special importance in the history of attractions is the first of these earlier memoirs (Phil. Trans., 1809), in which the problem of the attraction of a homogeneous ellipsoid upon an external point is reduced to the simpler case of the attraction of another but related ellipsoid upon a corresponding point interior to it.
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One of the properties of a great circle is that it indicates the shortest path connecting any pair of points along the circle—this is the basis of its use to determine the qibla. The great circle is similarly used to find the shortest flight path connecting the two locations—therefore the qibla calculated using the great circle method is generally close to the direction of the locality to Mecca. As the ellipsoid is a more accurate figure of the Earth than a perfect sphere, modern researchers have looked into using ellipsoidal models to calculate the qibla, replacing the great circle by the geodesics on an ellipsoid. This results in more complicated calculations, while the improvement in accuracy falls well within the typical precision of the setting out of a mosque or the placement of a mat.
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Flattened sphere In geodesy, a reference ellipsoid is a mathematically defined surface that approximates the geoid, which is the truer, imperfect figure of the Earth, or other planetary body, as opposed to a perfect, smooth, and unaltered sphere, which factors in the undulations of the bodies' gravity due to variations in the composition and density of the interior, as well as the subsequent flattening caused by the centrifugal force from the rotation of these massive objects (for planetary bodies that do rotate). Because of their relative simplicity, reference ellipsoids are used as a preferred surface on which geodetic network computations are performed and point coordinates such as latitude, longitude, and elevation are defined. In the context of standardization and geographic applications, a geodesic reference ellipsoid is the mathematical model used as foundation by spatial reference system or geodetic datum definitions.
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The Washington meridians are four meridians that were used as prime meridians in the United States and pass through Washington, D.C.. The four which have been specified are: # through the Capitol # through the White House # through the old Naval Observatory # through the new Naval Observatory. Their longitudes may be reported in three ways: # relative to the local vertical used by astronomic observations # relative to NAD 27 (North American Datum 1927), an ellipsoid of revolution that is at mean sea level beneath triangulation station Meades Ranch, Kansas (not Earth-centered); # relative to NAD 83, an Earth-centered ellipsoid of revolution with dimensions chosen to best fit the undulating (±100 m) geoid (world-wide mean sea level). NAD83 longitude of the Capitol is about 1.1 arc seconds less than its NAD27 longitude; astronomic longitude there is about 4 arc seconds less than NAD83.
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Parts of the 49th parallel were originally surveyed using astronomical techniques that did not take into account slight departures of the Earth's shape from a simple ellipsoid, or the deflection of the plumb-bob by differences in terrestrial mass. The surveys were subject to the limitations of early to mid-19th century technology, but accurate results were obtained. However, in some places the surveyed 49th parallel is several hundred feet from the geographical 49th parallel for the currently adopted datum, the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). The Digital Chart of the World (DCW), which uses the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid, reports the border on average at latitude 48° 59′ 51″ north, roughly south of the modern 49th parallel. It ranges between 48° 59′ 25″ and 49° 0′ 10″ north, and on either side of the average.
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Psilocybe authority Gastón Guzmán classified the species in the section Semilanceatae, a grouping of related species characterized by having roughly ellipsoid, usually thick-walled spores, and lacking pleurocystidia.Guzmán (1983), p. 342. The specific epithet pelliculosa is derived from the Latin pellicula, meaning "film", and refers to the gelatinous pellicle of the cap. The mushroom is commonly known as the "conifer Psilocybe" or the "striate Psilocybe".
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The Tharwa Adamellite is part of the Murrumbidgee Batholith. The latitude and longitude of Tharwa is 35°31'00S 149°04'00E. The geoid is 19.356 meters above the theoretical ellipsoid shape of the earth at Tharwa. The astronomical measurement of the position on the Earth's surface is only very slightly distorted by a non- vertical gravitational field 0.3" to north and 0.6" to the west.
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Danaë was the first asteroid to have a diacritical character in its official name. In 1985, a study of lightcurve data suggested that Danaë may have a moon. If so, the main body would be an ellipsoid measuring 85×80×75 km (52x49x46 mi), and the moon would orbit away, measuring 55×30×30 km (34x18x18 mi). The density of both would be 1.1 g/cm³.
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Basionym Peziza venezuela. Apothecia do not have stipes, are pink to light orange in color, bowl-shaped, smooth, and typically 8–15 mm in diameter × 5–10 mm deep. Ascospores are ellipsoid, pale yellow, contain two large oil drops, have wrinkles and ribs on the surface, and dimensions of 33–36 × 11–13 µm. They grow solitary to clustered on wood, at elevations of in the tropics.
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The fruit of L. barbarum, the main variety of goji berry, is a bright orange-red, ellipsoid berry in diameter. The fruiting calyx is split deeply once or twice. The number of seeds in each berry varies widely based on cultivar and fruit size, ranging from 10 to 60. The seeds are about 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, yellowish, compressed with a curved embryo.
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Ligustrum robustum grows as a shrub or small tree up to tall though old specimens of more than a hundred years have been observed with a height of . The fruit of the shrub is an ellipsoid berry, bluish-purple when fully ripe, × .Carl Ludwig von Blume. 1850. Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum sive stirpium Exoticarum, Novarum vel Minus Cognitarum ex Vivis aut Siccis Brevis Expositio et Descriptio.
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Fruit bodies grow on the ground, and measure wide by tall. Young fruit bodies have whitish to light yellow branches (which dry to fawn- brown with a reddish tint) with pinkish to reddish tips. The flesh has a sweet odor and an indistinct taste. Its spores are somewhat ellipsoid, have longitudinal striations (grooves), and measure 8–13 by 3.5–4.5 µm (averaging 10.3 by 3.8 µm).
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The pace of the work was intense. He and his collaborators published one paper after another and extended their work to the geodesic applications of satellites. The ultimate goal of his computations was the determination of the precise shape of the Earth, which had long been known to be approximately an ellipsoid of revolution. He used observations of satellite orbits to compute deviations from this shape.
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The ellipsoid is the most general shape for which it has been possible to calculate the creeping flow of fluid around the solid shape. The calculations include the force required to translate through a fluid and to rotate within it. Applications include determining the size and shape of large molecules, the sinking rate of small particles, and the swimming abilities of microorganisms.Dusenbery, David B. (2009).
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The ellipsoid fruit is normally less than long and is green when not ripe; it ripens to a brown or pale brown fruit with a crispy skin enclosing a sticky brown or brown-green pulp around a hard stone. The carpenter ant Camponotus sericeus feeds on the nectar exuded by the flowers. The larva of the cabbage tree emperor moth Bunaea alcinoe causes defoliation of the tree.
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The bulge had been decreasing, but since 1998 the bulge has increased, possibly due to redistribution of ocean mass via currents.Satellites Reveal A Mystery Of Large Change In Earth's Gravity Field , Aug. 1, 2002, Goddard Space Flight Center. right The variation in density and crustal thickness causes gravity to vary across the surface and in time, so that the mean sea level differs from the ellipsoid.
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Palms up to 16 m tall, trunk up to 45 cm in diameter. Leaves 3–4 m long, dark green above, grayish green beneath, with 60-70 pairs of segments or pinnae, the longest pinnae in the middle up to 70 cm long. Inflorescence 1–2 m long, with 50-70 short branches. Fruit ellipsoid, 4-5.5 cm long, 2.8–4 cm in diameter, greenish brown.
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John Fillmore Hayford (May 19, 1868 – March 10, 1925) was an eminent United States geodesist. His work involved the study of isostasy and the construction of a reference ellipsoid for approximating the figure of the Earth. The crater Hayford on the far side of the Moon is named after him. Mount Hayford, a 1,871 m mountain peak near Metlakatla, Alaska, United States, is named after him.
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Filaments filiform or slightly flattened, but sometimes papillose and rarely hairy (F. karelinii). Anthers are linear to ellipsoid, but rarely subglobose (F. persica) in shape, and their attachment to the filament is usually pseudobasifixed (connective tissue extends in a tube around the filament tip), rarely attached at the centre and free (dorsifixed versatile; F. fusca and some Liliorhiza species). In contrast, pseudobasifixed anthers can not move freely.
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Modelling gave a concurring (sidereal) period of 4.679100, 4.679102 and 4.67911 hours. The studies determined two spin axis in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β): (73.0°, −54.0°) and (198.0°, −55.0°), as well as (72.0°, −59.0°) and (207.0°, −51.0°). Modeling also confirmed that the body is a slightly elongated ellipsoid, and revealed that it is rotating along the smallest axis and that it has an almost homogeneous surface.
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Abundisporus has either resupinate (crust-like) or pileate (cap-like) fruit bodies with internal tissue (context) that ranges in colour from pale umber deep purplish brown or greyish to umber brown. Abundisporus has a dimitic hyphal structure with yellow to pale brown skeletal hyphae. Spores produced are pale yellowish, non-dextrinoid, and ellipsoid with slightly thick walls. The tissues of Abundisporus turn brown in potassium hydroxide.
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The concept of the geoid has been extended to other planets and also moons, as well as asteroids. The areoid (the geoid of Mars) has been measured using flight paths of satellite missions such as Mariner 9 and Viking. The main departures from the ellipsoid expected of an ideal fluid are from the Tharsis volcanic plateau, a continent-size region of elevated terrain, and its antipodes.
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In 1986, P. A. Bobbert and J. Vlieger extended the Mie model to calculate scattering by a sphere in a homogeneous medium placed on flat surface. Like Mie model, the extended model can be applied to spheres with a radius close to the wavelength of the incident light. There is a C++ code implementing Bobbert–Vlieger (BV) model. Recent developments are related to scattering by ellipsoid.
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The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are mostly terminal but in one genus borne laterally on horizontal hyphae (pleurobasidia), invariably producing four spores. The basidiospores are smooth, thin-walled or thick-walled, ellipsoid, cylindrical or allantoid (sasuage-shaped), in most species amyloid. Taxa that do not exhibit amyloid reactions include Ceraceomyces, Podoserpula, Serpulomyces and Leptosporomyces septentrionalis. Species are saprobic on decaying wood or as plant parasites.
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The spores are translucent (hyaline), smooth, have an ellipsoid shape, with dimensions of 12–16 by 3–5 µm. Spores contain one or two oil droplets. The imperfect (conidial) form of the fungus produces smooth, hyaline spores that are 3–3.5 by 1–2 µm. The asci – sexual spore-bearing cells – have a cylindrical shape, with dimensions of 115–125 by 8–10 µm.
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M. atkinsoniana mushrooms have no distinctive taste or odor. The spores are narrowly to broadly ellipsoid, amyloid (staining black to blue-black in Melzer's reagent), and measure 7–9 by 4–5 μm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are four-spored and measure 28–30 by 6–7 μm. Cheilocystidia are plentiful, and arranged so as to form a sterile band on the edge of the gill.
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Its flowers have 6 stamens with filaments that are 8.3-8.7 by 2.7-3 millimeters and anthers that are 3 millimeters long. Its flowers have a single thread-like style that is 6 centimeters long and topped by a 3-lobed stigma. Its flowers have an ellipsoid ovary that is 7.5-8 by 4.3-5 millimeters with 3 chambers. Each of the ovary chambers has numerous ovules.
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Trichoglossum hirsutum makes a black club shaped fungus 3 – 8 cm high. The spores are produced on the enlarged upper part, which is 5 to 8 mm wide, up to 2 cm high, flattened, spearhead-shaped to ellipsoid and finely velvety. The flesh is thin, tough and brownish. The stem is up to 6 cm long and 2 – 3 mm thick, cylindrical and velvety.
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Using geometric calculations, he gave a concrete argument as to the hypothetical ellipsoid shape of the Earth. The goal of Principia was not to provide exact answers for natural phenomena, but to theorize potential solutions to these unresolved factors in science. Newton pushed for scientists to look further into the unexplained variables. Two prominent researchers that he inspired were Alexis Clairaut and Pierre Louis Maupertuis.
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Its shape will be more elongated if the relative anisotropy is high. When the ellipsoid/tensor is represented by a matrix, we can apply a useful technique from standard matrix mathematics and linear algebra—that is to "diagonalize" the matrix. This has two important meanings in imaging. The idea is that there are two equivalent ellipsoids—of identical shape but with different size and orientation.
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The cylindrical stem, which measures long by thick, is somewhat thicker at the base. The flesh is white but turns brown where it is bruised or otherwise injured. The roughly spherical to ellipsoid spores are typically 6.0–7.5 by 5.0–6.0 μm, and feature a hilum. Tricholoma ezcarayense, described from Spain in 1992, is similar in appearance to T. ustale, and also grows in association with beech.
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The thick-walled fibre-like skeletal hyphae are 2–3 µm wide, rarely have septa, and have very few clamps. The skeletal hyphae are mostly found in the subiculum next to the wood substrate. The basidia are 12–18 by 3–4 µm, often somewhat constricted, with basal clamp and four sterigmata. Spores are ellipsoid, measuring 3.5–4.5 by 2–2.5 µm, smooth, non-amyloid.
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The mushroom's spores are white in deposit, smooth, and ellipsoid-shaped with dimensions of 6–10 by 3.5–4.5 μm. In the development of the fruit body, the preliminary stipe and cap structures appear at the same time within the primordium, and hyphae originating from the stipe form a cover over the developing structures. The mycelia of the mushroom is believed to have bioluminescent properties.
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A combination of characteristics found in Rickiopora distinguish it from other polypore genera. It has fruit bodies that become corky to tough and brittle when dried. The hyphal system is monomitic, consisting of clamped and metachromatic generative hyphae (staining a reddish purple when mounted in cresyl blue), and thick-walled hyphae with sparse clamps. The spores are ellipsoid to ovoid, measuring 11–16 by 4–7 μm.
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These varied morphological shapes make defining the genus as symmetrical or asymmetrical rather difficult. Scientists who study the genus Phacus Dujardin, have also observed the presence of ellipsoid, tiny disk-shaped or flat-shaped paramylon grains. In some species of Phacus, a single plate dominates the interiors of the cell (Phacus Orbicularis), and in others there are multiple plates with different morphologies that exist (Phacus Curvicauda).
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At one time, the definition of the nautical mile was based on the sphere whose surface is the same as the Clarke Ellipsoid. While the US used the full value of 1853.256 metres, in the Commonwealth, this was rounded to 6080 feet (1853.184 m). These have been replaced by the international version (which rounds the sixtieth part of the 45° to the nearest metre) of 1852 metres.
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The Earth's Moon is effectively spherical, having almost no bulge at its equator. Where possible, a fixed observable surface feature is used when defining a reference meridian. For gaseous planets like Jupiter, an effective surface for an ellipsoid is chosen as the equal-pressure boundary of one bar. Since they have no permanent observable features, the choices of prime meridians are made according to mathematical rules.
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Fruits are maturing from October to November. They are first green, then brown and fall to the ground when mature. The cupules are 0.9 - 1.2 cm(0.4 - 0.5 in) long, 1.3 - 1.5 cm(0.5 - 0.6 in) across, scales in 8 - 9 concentric rings, tomentose, margins of rim dentate-serrate; nuts ellipsoid, 1.7 - 2.1 cm(0.7 - 0.8 in) long, 1.2–1.6 cm(0.5 - 0.6 in) across.
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Initially developer Andrew Spencer Studios consisted of just Andrew Spencer himself, who spent years single-handedly creating the game engine used by Ecstatica. The team expanded to two people for the remainder of development: Spencer and film animation expert Alain Maindron. The game uses a unique type of ellipsoid graphics to display characters. Each character is made of ellipsoids approximating different parts of the body.
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Phytophthora uliginosa is a non-papillate homothallic plant pathogen that mainly infects European oak. It differs from other species of the genus (like P. fragariae) by its large oogonia with exclusively paragynous antheridia and the predominant occurrence of ellipsoid sporangia with markedly wide exit pores. P. uliginosa is separated from P. europaea by its larger oogonia without tapering bases and its greater aggressiveness on Quercus robur.
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Pinalia floribunda is a species of orchid found in Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines in montane forests at elevations of 500 to 2400 meters above sea level. It is a small to medium sized, warm-to- cold growing epiphyte found on large trees along streams. It has erect, stem- like, narrow ellipsoid pseudo-bulbs carrying soft leaves that flower in the spring.
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The membranes between the dorsal fin spines are not incised. The caudal fin is rounded or truncate. The juveniles are pale grey or whitish in colour with small brown spots and a few bigger ellipsoid brown blotches. The adults are similar but have more numerous spots and the blotches are indistinct.. This species attains a total length of and a maximum published weight of .
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The spheroidal shape of the Earth is the result of the interplay between gravity and centrifugal force caused by the Earth's rotation about its axis. In his Principia, Newton proposed the equilibrium shape of a homogeneous rotating Earth was a rotational ellipsoid with a flattening f given by 1/230.Isaac Newton: Principia Book III Proposition XIX Problem III, p. 407 in Andrew Motte translation.
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The structure of the conidiophores are tree-like, a prominent feature of the genus Cladosporium. Unlike other related species, the conidiophores of this species lack swollen nodes at the branching points. Conidia of this species are characteristically globose to ellipsoid with a diameter of 3.4–4.0 μm. The conidia are formed in branching chains in which the youngest conidium is situated at the top.
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Fruit bodies of the fungus are crust-like, measuring up to 1 mm thick, with a pore surface colour ranging from cream to straw to pale yellowish brown. The shallow pores number 2–3 per millimetre. G. bambusicola has a dimitic hyphal system; its generative hyphae have clamp connections. Spores are more or less ellipsoid in shape, thin- walled, and measure 7–8.5 by 4–5 μm.
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A Miller cylindrical projection maps the globe onto a cylinder. A surface that can be unfolded or unrolled into a plane or sheet without stretching, tearing or shrinking is called a developable surface. The cylinder, cone and the plane are all developable surfaces. The sphere and ellipsoid do not have developable surfaces, so any projection of them onto a plane will have to distort the image.
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Lindera subcoriacea, the bog spicebush, is a plant species native to the southeastern United States from Louisiana to Virginia. It is a shrub that can reach up to 4 m (13 feet) in height. Leaves are broadly elliptic, up to 8 cm (3.2 inches) long, and faintly aromatic when young. Flowers are yellow. Fruits are ellipsoid, deep red, about 10 mm (0.4 inches) long.
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7, ., or Ronald Miller's \varphi_1=(37.5, 43.5, 50.5) , the projection can portray particular latitudes of interest at true scale. While a projection with equally spaced parallels is possible for an ellipsoidal model, it would no longer be equidistant because the distance between parallels on an ellipsoid is not constant. More complex formulae can be used to create an equidistant map whose parallels reflect the true spacing.
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The basidiospores are spherical to ellipsoid, distinctive of the family Bondarzewiaceae. Distinction from H. irregulare is difficult as both share similar morphologies, distribution, and host range. In stands were both species are endemic, differentiation by hosts is unreliable due to shared host species and the potential spread from root contacts from other host species. Identification using genetic methods is the most accurate method for differentiation.
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The upper glumes have asperulous surface as well. Palea have asperulous surface and acute apex and is long and 2-veined. It also have ciliolate keels with fleshy, oblong, and truncate flowers that have 2 lodicules, and grow together. They also long and have 3 anthers which are long which have dark brown coloured fruits that are caryopsis, ellipsoid, and have an additional pericarp with linear hilum.
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Mushroom flesh slowly stains bluish after injury, later becoming purplish gray then finally reddish brown. The fungus grows in a mycorrhizal association with larch and fruits on the ground scattered or in groups. The spore print is purplish brown; spores are oblong to ellipsoid, smooth, and measure 8–12 by 4–5 µm. The fruit bodies are edible, but lack any distinctive taste or odor.
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In October / November the plant produces one to three cymes with thin bracteoles on filiform inflorescences, rising up to five centimetres high and bearing up to twenty flowers. These have five white petals with a green section at the base, each up to 3.5 millimetres long. The pollen is orange. The flowers have an unusually long pedicel, the ellipsoid seeds are 0.5 millimetres long.
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Io is slightly larger than Earth's Moon. It has a mean radius of (about 5% greater than the Moon's) and a mass of 8.9319 kg (about 21% greater than the Moon's). It is a slight ellipsoid in shape, with its longest axis directed toward Jupiter. Among the Galilean satellites, in both mass and volume, Io ranks behind Ganymede and Callisto but ahead of Europa.
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The spores are ellipsoid or sausage-shaped (allantoid), smooth, and thin-walled. They are non-amyloid (not taking up iodine stain), and hyaline (translucent), with dimensions of 22–37 by 10–15 μm. The spore-bearing cells, the asci are eight- spored, cylindrical, and measure 600 by 15–17 μm. They are operculate, analogous to having a flip-top lid mechanism to release the spores.
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Exidia fruit bodies are composed of hyphae with clamp connections in a gelatinous matrix. The spore- bearing surface is initially covered in a layer of branched hyphidia below which the basidia are formed. The basidia are tremelloid (ellipsoid and vertically septate), giving rise to long, sinuous sterigmata or epibasidia on which the basidiospores are produced. These spores are allantoid (sausage- shaped) or less commonly oblong to cylindrical.
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It has a 3.5 cm long stamen, 1.2–1.8 cm long ovary and white anthers. Between June and August (after the iris has flowered), it produces a seed capsule, which are ellipsoid/cylindric in form and measures 3–4 cm (– inches) long and 1.5–2 cm wide. It has 6 ribs. The capsule is carried high above the dried remains of the long spathes.
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If \Delta_4>0, and the surface has real points, it is either a hyperbolic paraboloid or a one-sheet hyperboloid. In both cases, this is a ruled surface that has a negative Gaussian curvature at every point. If \Delta_4<0, the surface is either an ellipsoid or a two-sheet hyperboloid or an elliptic paraboloid. In all cases, it has a positive Gaussian curvature at every point.
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Palicella species have biatorine apothecia, which are often darkened (by the pigment cinereorufa-green), an exciple (a saucer-shaped rim around the hymenium) consisting of radiating, narrow hyphae with elongated lumina, and a hymenium with branched and sparsely anastomosed paraphyses. Other microscopic characteristics include an ascus with a broad axial body surrounded by a distinct darker staining layer, and ascospores with a narrow ellipsoid shape.
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0.5 mm. Petals are ovate-oblong, approximately 2.5 × 1.5 mm; stamens are approximately 1.5 mm. The fruit is a drupe ellipsoid to elliptic-ovoid, olive green becoming yellowish orange at maturity, 35-50 × 25–35 mm; inner part of endocarp woody and grooved, outer part fibrous; mature fruit usually have 2 or 3 seeds. In China, it flowers from April–June and fruits from August–September.
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Cyperus victoriensis, also known as channel nut grass is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia. The rhizomatous perennial herb to grass-like sedge typically grows to a height of . It has slender rhizomes that form ovoid to ellipsoid shaped woody tubers that are in diameter. The mostly terete culms are smooth and trigonous with a length of and a diameter of .
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It forms compound to decompound inflorescences that have with seven to thirteen branches that are up to in length. The spikes have a cylindrical form and are around long with a diameter of around . Following flowering it will form a dark yellow-brown trigonous nut with a narrow-obovoid to narrow-ellipsoid shape. The nut has a length of and a diameter of about .
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This species becomes black as it matures and soon autodigests. C. sterquilinus has an ellipsoid or ovoid cap, some by when closed, becoming conical and then flattening out to a width of . It is white, flocculous and fibrillose when young, becoming more scaly with a creamy centre as it matures. There are more than fifty gills, white at first, turning to grey and then black.
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Anthony M. Young notes the similarity of M. clelandii to the edible European species M. konradii, but warns "the toxicity of the Australian species is unknown." Macrolepiota clelandii produces a white spore print. Individual spores are ellipsoid with a small germ pore, smooth, thick-walled, and measure 13.4–24.8 by 9.6–16.0 µm. They have a dextrinoid staining reaction (reddish-brown) with Melzer's reagent.
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The stipe has a conspicuous but soon fading membranous yellowish-white annulus. The pileus trama is light yellow, similar to the color of the cap. The odor is fungal. The verrucose spores are ellipsoid to oblong, amygdaliform, thick walled, and lack a germ pore and plague, but have a superhilar depression. They typically measure 8.0 - 8.8 (-11.2) x by 5–6 (6 - 8) μm.
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In China the nominate variety grows as shrub or small tree, some 2 to 8 m tall. Its light olive to greyish-green leaves are elliptic, oblong-elliptic, oblong- lanceolate, even obovate, some 3.5-13 cm by 1.5-4.5 cm in size. The inflorescences grow terminally or axillary. The drupes are a laterally compressed ellipsoid shape, 5-6 by 4-6 mm in size.
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There are ten subequal stamens in an H. stylosa flower, the longest of these are longer than the petals. The anthers of this species are blue, oblong, and roughly 1 mm in size. H. stylosa seeds are brown, ellipsoid to oblong in shape, and 0.5-0.8 mm in size. The seeds are shortly winged on one or both ends with a net veined seed coat.
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Following flowering many seed pods form that are crowded on the receptacles. The pendulous stright to slightly curved pods have a narrowly linear shape and are in length and wide. The shiny brown seeds within have a narrowly obloid to obloid-ellipsoid shape and have a length of around . The species is relatively short lived, is easily killed by fire but sprouts readily from seeds.
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The fruit bodies take the shape of bright yellow, thin clubs tall, with narrow, pointed tips. The firm and brittle flesh, also yellow, becomes hollow in maturity. The spores are broadly ellipsoid to roughly spherical, smooth, with dimensions of 5–9 by 4.5–8.5 µm. They have an apiculus that measures 1–2 µm long, and either a large oil droplet or several oil droplets.
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The amphithecium (a layer of cells that surrounds the apothecium) has pseudocyphellate papillae, without spots or stains. Asci are elongated, club-shaped (clavate), Lecanora-type, and thickened at the tip. They lack an internal apical beak, and have between 8 and 32 spores. Ascospores of Melanohalea are spherical to ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, thin-walled, colourless, and measure 5.5–20 by 4–12.5 μm.
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The whitish stem does not typically become longer than . The asci (the spore-bearing cells) are cylindrical or roughly so, reaching dimensions of 225–250 μm long by 15 μm wide. The spores are ellipsoid, hyaline (translucent) when young, often contain two small oil droplets, and measure 11–15 by 6–10 μm. The paraphyses are slender, contain septa, and are slightly enlarged above.
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Typically, an HDR reservoir forms in the shape of an ellipsoid, with its longest axis orthogonal to the least principal Earth stress. This pressure-stimulated region is then accessed by two production wells, drilled to intersect the HDR reservoir near the elongated ends of the stimulated region. In most cases, the initial borehole becomes the injection well for the three-well, pressurized water-circulating system.
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Costus curvibracteatus produces abundant nectar in its tubular florets and is pollinated by hummingbirds. Its seeds, by which it reproduces, are contained within glabrous, ellipsoid capsules, 10 to 17 mm long. Only occasionally cultivated as an ornamental, it can nevertheless be grown successfully in milder climates if kept warm and sheltered in a shady location, with well-watered soil. It also grows well when potted and indoors.
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OSGB36, for example, is a better approximation to the geoid covering the British Isles than the global WGS 84 ellipsoid. However, as the benefits of a global system outweigh the greater accuracy, the global WGS 84 datum is becoming increasingly adopted. Horizontal datums are used for describing a point on the Earth's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system. Vertical datums measure elevations or depths.
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Agaricus bresadolanus is a species of fungus in the genus Agaricus. It was described by Hungarian mycologist Gábor Bohus in 1969. A rare species, it has been recorded in Asia and southern Europe, where it fruits singly or in groups along paths and in grassy area of deciduous woodland. It spores are ellipsoid and lack a germ pore, with dimensions of 5.5–7.5 by 4.0–5.0 µm.
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Talisia esculenta can grow to a height of 9–20 m, with a trunk up to 45 cm diameter. The leaves are arranged alternately, pinnately compound, with 5–11 leaflets, the leaflets 5–12 cm long and 2–5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in a panicle 10–15 cm long, the individual flowers small and white. The fruit is round to ellipsoid in shape, 1.5–4 cm in diameter.
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The spores of Phallus species are small, ellipsoid, and somewhat translucent (hyaline). The spores of various Phallaceae species, including P. ravenelii has been shown to be smooth and featureless using scanning electron microscopy. Roughened spore surfaces are considered by some mycologists to be an adaptation that results in friction during travel in the air, and increase dispersal distances. Phallus spores are not airborne at any time in their life cycle.
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The spores are 7–9 by 3–4.5 μm, ellipsoid, and nonamyloid. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are four-spored. The pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia (cystidia found on the face and edge of a gill, respectively) are similar in structure and abundant, ventricose with long, rather narrow necks, and measure 46–62 by 9–14 μm. The neck is often encrusted with a mucilaginous substance, but it is otherwise smooth and hyaline.
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They have a greenish-white to pale green tint. The flesh bruises blue when injured or with age—a characteristic feature of Psilocybe fungi. Spores are ellipsoid to more or less ovoid, smooth with thin walls (0.3–0.5 µm thick), and typically measure 6.5–7.5 by 4–4.5 µm. Basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped, four-spored, and have dimensions of 7–13.5 by 3–6 µm.
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Different color theorists have each designed unique color solids. Many are in the shape of a sphere, whereas others are warped three-dimensional ellipsoid figures--these variations being designed to express some aspect of the relationship of the colors more clearly. The color spheres conceived by Phillip Otto Runge and Johannes Itten are typical examples and prototypes for many other color solid schematics.Johannes Itten, "The Art of Color", 1961. Trans.
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The stem of the mushroom is long by thick, and has a ring. The spore print is white, and individual spores are spherical to ellipsoid, measuring 7.5–9 by 7.5–9 micrometres. The mushroom may be confused with another New Zealand species, A. australis, but can be distinguished by certain characteristics. Amanita nothofagi is a mycorrhizal species, and grows in association with native New Zealand trees such as Southern Beech.
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The geographical mile is a unit of length determined by 1 minute of arc along the Earth's equator. For the 1924 International Spheroid this equalled 1855.4 metres. The American Practical Navigator 2017 defines the geographical mile as . Greater precision depends more on choice of ellipsoid than on more careful measurement: the length of the equator in the World Geodetic System WGS-84 is which makes the geographical mile 1855.3248 m,.
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Furthermore, males tend to have a turned-up nose, while females tend to have a greater slope and rounded nose, making the shape of their heads ellipsoid. Males generally grow at a faster rate and display their adult colors sooner. Males' coloration is also often more bold than females' because they display when courting females. Adult males also tend to have a deeper body, whereas females appear more slim and streamlined.
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Friesodielsia is a genus of flowering plants in the custard apple and soursop family Annonaceae, with all species found in the Old World, mostly in the tropics. A molecular study shows that Friesodielsia should be more narrowly circumscribed, with the only species remaining being the Asian ones, which can also be distinguished by their possession of globose or ellipsoid monocarps, and six petals per flower arranged in two whorls.
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Both the flavor and odor of the edible fruit body resemble mature Camembert cheese. One source described the taste as follows: "Served in melted butter on sliced baguette, they reminded of buttered lobster." The spores are ellipsoid in shape, with a smooth surface, and contain a large central oil drop surrounded by smaller droplets. The spore dimensions are 32–43 by 25–38 μm, the walls measuring 1–3 μm thick.
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The thin flesh has a mild taste and an odor similar to plants in the genus Osmanthus. Spores are ellipsoid, thin-walled, and hyaline (translucent), measuring 8.5–11 by 5–6.5 µm. They sometimes have multiple tiny oil droplets. Basidia (spore-bearing cells) are slender and club-shaped, usually five-spored (sometimes six) with sterigmata 5–6 µm long, and dimensions of 75–85 by 6–9 μm.
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Pseudolmedia hirtula is a flowering monoecious species so it has both male and female flowers that bloom. The male flowers are disk like in shape and have triangular, oblong, or spear shaped bract, which are leaves that have formed around the outside of a flower to help protect it. The female flowers will have triangular to oval shaped bract. Fruit from the tree is ellipsoid to oblong in shape.
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The dry, solid stipe measures long by thick, and is nearly equal in thickness throughout, or slightly tapered on either end. Its surface is more or less smooth except for a reticulate (meshed) area at the apex. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown. Fruit bodies produce a yellow-brown spore print. Spores are egg- shaped to ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled, and measure 8.4–10.5 by 4.2–4.9 µm.
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Fruit bodies of Pluteus nevadensis have no distinctive taste or odor. The color of the spore print is pinkish-brown. The smooth spores measure 5.5–7 by 4.5–6.5 µm, roughly spherical to broadly ellipsoid in shape. Their walls are thin to slightly thickened, and almost translucent. The basidia (spore-bearing cells in the hymenium) are 22–29 by 6.5–7.5 µm (including sterigmata), club-shaped, and four-spored.
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At the megabase scale, the plectonemic loops coalesce into six spatially organized domains (macrodomains), which are defined by more frequent physical interactions among DNA sites within the same macrodomain than between different macrodomains. Long- and short-range DNA-DNA connections formed within and between the macrodomains contribute to condensation and functional organization. Finally, the nucleoid is a helical ellipsoid with regions of highly condensed DNA at the longitudinal axis.
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As proved by Gauss’s Theorema Egregium, a sphere (or ellipsoid) cannot be projected onto a plane without distortion. This is commonly illustrated by the impossibility of smoothing an orange peel onto a flat surface without tearing and deforming it. The only true representation of a sphere at constant scale is another sphere such as a globe. Given the limited practical size of globes, we must use maps for detailed mapping.
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Orchis mascula is a perennial herbaceous plant with stems up to high, green at the base and purple on the apex. The root system consists of two tubers, rounded or ellipsoid. The leaves, grouped at the base of the stem, are oblong- lanceolate, pale green, sometimes with brownish-purple speckles. The inflorescence is long and it is composed of 6 to 20 flowers gathered in dense cylindrical spikes.
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Their stipes tend to be slender and long, and the same color or slightly lighter than the cap. The gill attachment to the stipe is adnexed (narrowly attached), and they are initially cream-colored before tinting purple as the spores mature. The spores are dark purplish-brown in mass, ellipsoid in shape, and measure 10.5–15 by 6.5–8.5 micrometres. The mushroom grows in grassland habitats, especially wetter areas.
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The society published an article in Philosophical Transactions the following year in 1737 that revealed his discovery. Clairaut showed how Newton's equations were incorrect, and did not prove an ellipsoid shape to the Earth. However, he corrected problems with the theory, that in effect would prove Newton's theory correct. Clairaut believed that Newton had reasons for choosing the shape that he did, but he did not support it in Principia.
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Phaeocollybia herrerae is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Found in Morelos, Mexico, where it grows in subtropical (mesophytic) forest with oak and in pine-oak forest, it was described as new to science in 1996 by mycologists Victor Bandala and Leticia Montoya. It is in the section Microsporae of genus Phaeocollybia. Its roughly ellipsoid to somewhat egg- shaped spores measure 5–5.5 by 2.5–3 µm.
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Flowers have no petals, but instead have 5-9 petal- like sepals that are white, blue-tinted white or yellow in color. The flowers usually have 40 to 80 stamens but can have up to 100. After flowering, fruits are produced in rounded heads with long pedicels. When the fruits, called achenes, are ripe they are ellipsoid to ovate in outline, flat in shape and long and wide.
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The fruit body of the fungus has a circular to fan-shaped of semicircular cap measuring in diameter. Its colour ranges from "citric yellow" (a feature for which it is named) to pale yellowish brown. The underside of the cap features pale yellow, densely crowded spines measuring 1–3 millimetre long. The spores, which measure 3–3.5 by 2–2.5 µm, have a shaped described as somewhat cylindrical to oblong- ellipsoid.
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Megasporoporia minuta is a species of crust fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Found in the Guangxi Autonomous Region of southern China, it was described as a new species in 2008 by mycologists Xu-Shen Zhou and Yu-Cheng Dai. The fungus produces annual to biennial fruit bodies with small pores, numbering 6–8 per millimetre. The spores are cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid and measure 7.7–9.7 by 3.6–4.9 μm.
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The spores are hyaline and covered with warts and short ridges. The spores are 7.5–9 by 6.5–7.5 µm, with an ellipsoid shape. Their surfaces are ornamented with warts and short ridges that do not form a reticulum (a network of raised net-like ridges on the surface), with ridges up to 1.0 µm high. The spores are hyaline (translucent), and amyloid—they absorb iodine when stained with Melzer's reagent.
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Spores of L. alnicola, viewed at 1000x; 10 divisions equal 9.75 µm. The spores are 7.5–10 by 6–8.5 µm, ellipsoid, and ornamented with warts and narrow bands that form a partial reticulum. The surface prominences are up to 1 µm high, but mostly in the range 0.3-0.6 µm. The spores are hyaline (translucent) and amyloid, meaning that they will adsorb iodine when stained with Melzer's reagent.
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These glands are typically pale amber, though in section Drosocarpium the glands are reddish-black. Extractions of these glands in certain species yielded phloroglucinol and terpenoid derivatives, suggesting a connection between these glands and the pale glands of vegetative tissue. Seeds of Hypericum species are small and range in color from a yellowish brown to dark purplish brown. The seeds are cylindric to ellipsoid and may have narrow wings.
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This plant grows to a height of 30 to 50 cm, glandulous-pubescent, with pinnatisect leaves up to 8 cm long. The flowers can be violet, pink, orange or white, with the tube approximately 1 cm long and the superior labia greater than 2 cm in length, being longer than the inferior one. The fruit is a 1 cm long ellipsoid boll. Native to Chile they are also cultivated as ornamentals.
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When observed from very high standpoints, such as a space station, the horizon is much farther away and it encompasses a much larger area of Earth's surface. In this case, it becomes evident that the horizon more closely resembles an ellipse than a perfect circle, especially when the observer is above the equator, and that the Earth's surface can be better modeled as an ellipsoid than as a sphere.
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A partial veil covers the developing gills of young fruit bodies. The spore print is white. The spores are ellipsoid to elongated, hyaline (translucent), thin-walled, and have dimensions of 9–12.5 by 5.5–8 μm. They are amyloid, meaning they will absorb iodine when stained with Melzer's reagent. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are 35–60 by 7–13.5 μm, club-shaped, four-spored, with clamps at their bases.
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Sometimes the edges of the crust are turned outward to form rudimentary bracket-like caps. Skeletocutis is primarily distinguished from similar genera of wood-rotting fungi by microscopic features, especially by the sausage-shaped to ellipsoid spores, and spiny crystals covering certain hyphae in the pore tissue. The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologists František Kotlaba and Zdenek Pouzar in 1958, with Skeletocutis amorpha as the type species.
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The simple inflorescences have globular heads with a diameter of about containing 16 to 32 rich golden flowers. Following flowering woody light brown seed pods form that are long and . The pods have a straight to shallowly curved shape and contains glossy, dark brown to black seeds that are arranged longitudinally inside. The seeds have an obloid-ellipsoid shape and are long and with a red to orange aril.
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Flowers with thin pedicels up to 6 cm long, petals pinkish, lavender or bluish-white, blue-veined; lower petal obovate, the upper ones oblong-ovate or oblong- elliptic; up to 9 mm long and 4.5 mm wide; all petals with rounded apex; spur ca 1 mm long; anthers and ovary about almost 2 cm long. Fruit, an ellipsoid capsule 6–7 mm long containing seeds ca 1 mm long.
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Quercus blakei is a tree up to 35 m. tall, with leaves as much as 190 mm long.Skan, Sidney Alfred 1900. Hooker's Icones Plantarum 27(3): plate 2662 and subsequent unnumbered text page description in Latin, commentary in English, full-page line drawing of Quercus blakei The acorns are ellipsoid to ovoid, 25-35 × 15–30 mm with a flat to depressed scar 7–11 mm in diameter.
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The ascospores may be arranged in one or two rows (uniseriate and biseriate, respectively), or rarely, irregular. The ascospores are ellipsoid, translucent, have a slight curve and may be tapered; most ascospores contain two oil drops. When in the ascus, the ascospores are covered with a translucent mucilage that is highly refractive to light. Paraphyses are filamentous hyphal cells present in the fertile spore-bearing tissue, distributed amongst the asci.
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Clairaut showed how Newton's equations were incorrect, and did not prove an ellipsoid shape to the Earth. However, he corrected problems with the theory, that in effect would prove Newton's theory correct. Clairaut believed that Newton had reasons for choosing the shape that he did, but he did not support it in Principia. Clairaut's article did not provide a valid equation to back up his argument as well.
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Robita's character, known as Nora in the English version, has been reused for the 2003 anime series of Astro Boy. The robot keeps his cylindrical body and ellipsoid head, but is given a less dark and more cartoonish look: yellow color, telescopic arms and green bubbly eyes. The character also saw a change in gender, being referred to as 'she'. Her role is major, yet passive, throughout the series.
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The fruit body has greenish tones and bruises blue where damaged. The spores are smooth and ellipsoid, measuring 6–9.5 x 4.5 micrometres and forming a clay brown spore print. The stem is 2–7 cm long, 3 to 8 mm thick, and is equal width for the whole length, sometimes with some swelling at the base. It is solid, pale grey, becoming bluish green from the bottom up.
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Microscopic Features: Spores 16–24 x 7–12 µm; ellipsoid, sometimes with one end a little truncated; finely punctate, evident with focus applied to spore surface; appearing to have chambered walls otherwise; golden in KOH. Basidia 4-sterigmate; 35–40 x 10–15 µm; abruptly clavate. Projecting hymenial cystidia not found. Pileipellis an ixocutis; elements 2.5–5 µm wide, smooth, golden in KOH; terminal cells cylindric with rounded apices.
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The developable surface may also be either tangent or secant to the sphere or ellipsoid. Tangent means the surface touches but does not slice through the globe; secant means the surface does slice through the globe. Moving the developable surface away from contact with the globe never preserves or optimizes metric properties, so that possibility is not discussed further here. Tangent and secant lines (standard lines) are represented undistorted.
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It has a long perianth tube, which is thread-ilke. It also has 1.5 cm long stamens, purple anthers and a 0.7 cm long (spindle-shaped) ovary. It has a 2.8 cm long and 6mm wide style branch, which has a flat crest and toothed edges. After the iris has flowered, between June or July (in Russia), or between July and September, it produces an ellipsoid seed capsule.
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The stipe is 5–12 cm long, 2–3 mm thick, hollow, and vertically striate. It is blackish towards the base, greyish towards the apex, and pallid to whitish fibrils run the length of the stipe. The stipe is equal to slightly swollen at the base and lacks a partial veil. Panaeolus tropicalis spores are dark violet to jet black, ellipsoid, and 10.5–12.0 x 7–9 µm.
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Most genera of the Steccherinaceae contain poroid or hydnoid fungi; Steccherinum contains both types. Steccherinaceae spores are usually broadly cylindrical or ellipsoid in shape. Characters useful for genus-level classification include fruit body colour and type, detailed hyphal structure, presence of cystidia, the strength of cyanophilic reactions of hyphae or spores, and the thickness of the spore walls. All species cause a white rot, and most grow on wood.
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Thus became the metric length for a nautical mile. France made it legal for the French Navy in 1906, and many metric countries voted to sanction it for international use at the 1929 International Hydrographic Conference. Both the United States and the United Kingdom used an average arcminute, specifically, a minute of arc of a great circle of a sphere having the same surface area as the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid.
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Male flowers tend to fall into two groups—those with cream or yellow flowers and those with some amount of purple in the flowers. Female flowers are even less well known than male flowers. Pollen grains are usually spherical to ellipsoid in shape, sometimes triangular, about 20 to 30 micrometres along their long axis and 20 to 30 µm in diameter. They are typically monosulcate, meridionosulcate or more rarely trichotomosulcate.
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It is not known if the mushroom contains psychoactive compounds like psilocybin or psilocin. The spore print is purple-brown. The spores are ellipsoid to slightly egg- shaped, smooth, and measure 6.3–7.5 by 3.8–4.5 μm. The spores have an apical pore, but it is small and inconspicuous. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are four-spored, narrowly club-shaped to somewhat cylindrical, and measure 18–24 by 5–6 μm.
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Figure 5: Saturn's rings are inside the orbits of its principal moons. Tidal forces oppose gravitational coalescence of the material in the rings to form moons. In the case of an infinitesimally small elastic sphere, the effect of a tidal force is to distort the shape of the body without any change in volume. The sphere becomes an ellipsoid with two bulges, pointing towards and away from the other body.
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This geoid defines the nominal sea level surface by means of a spherical harmonics series of degree 360 (which provides about 100 km latitudinal resolution near the Equator). The deviations of the EGM96 geoid from the WGS 84 reference ellipsoid range from about −105 m to about +85 m. EGM96 differs from the original WGS 84 geoid, referred to as EGM84. WGS 84 currently uses the World Magnetic Model 2020.
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Spironema multiciliatum Spironemidae is a family of heterotrophic flagellates, in the group Hemimastigophora. They vary in size and shape from the ellipsoid Hemimastix amphikineta (14 × 7 μm) to the vermiform Spironema terricola (43 × 3 μm), and are united by the possession of two rows of cilia, called kineties. Phylogenomic analysis shows that Hemimastigophora are a distinct and ancient lineage of eukaryotic organisms, forming a possible sister clade to the supergroup Diaphoretickes.
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An inner product space is a real or complex linear space, endowed with a bilinear or respectively sesquilinear form, satisfying some conditions and called an inner product. Every inner product space is also a normed space. A normed space underlies an inner product space if and only if it satisfies the parallelogram law, or equivalently, if its unit ball is an ellipsoid. Angles between vectors are defined in inner product spaces.
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The female P. tectorius trees produce a segmented, large fruit. Although not closely related, the fruit resembles a pineapple. The fruit of P. tectorius is either ovoid, ellipsoid, subglobose or globose with a diameter of and a length of . The fruit is made up of 38–200 wedge-like phalanges, often referred to as keys or carpels, which have an outer fibrous husk and are 8 inches in length.
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Different color theorists have each designed unique color solids. Many are in the shape of a sphere, whereas others are warped three-dimensional ellipsoid figures--these variations being designed to express some aspect of the relationship of the colors more clearly. The color spheres conceived by Phillip Otto Runge and Johannes Itten are typical examples and prototypes for many other color solid schematics.Johannes Itten, "The Art of Color", 1961. Trans.
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The genus was first described by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1909. He defined species in the genus as having a cap and stem "clothed with a conspicuous sulphur-yellow, powdery tomentum, which may be the remains of a universal veil: context white, fleshy; tubes adnate, yellowish, covered with a large veil: spores oblong-ellipsoid, ochraceous-brown: stipe solid, annulate, not reticulate." Murrill set Pulveroboletus ravenelii as the type species.
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1 . Once this area is known, the area of a polygon may be computed by summing the contributions from all the edges of the polygon. Here an expression for the area of is developed following . The area of any closed region of the ellipsoid is : T = \int dT = \int \frac1K \cos\varphi\,d\varphi\,d\lambda, where is an element of surface area and is the Gaussian curvature.
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Introduced in 1903, this first geographic coordinate system rested upon the two dominant methodological pillars of geodesy and cartography at the time: the Bessel ellipsoid and the Mercator projection. Its measurements used the Bessel ellipsoid as an approximation of the Earth's shape, and its maps used the Mercator projection as a projection technique. Although not ideal, these approximations still offered a high level of precision in the case of Switzerland, due to the small size of its territory (41,285 km2 with max. 350km lengthways and 220km from North to South). The fundamental reference point of the LV03 coordinate system was the old observatory of Bern, nowadays the location of the Institute of Exact Sciences of Bern University, in downtown Bern (Sidlerstrasse 5 - 46°57'3.9" N, 7°26'19.1" E). The coordinates of this reference point were arbitrarily fixed at 600'000 m E / 200'000 m N – with the East coordinate (E) noted before the North coordinate (N), unlike in the traditional latitude / longitude coordinate system.
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Mycotaxon 51: 237–239. C. speciosa (Colombia) Apothecia funnel-shaped, stipitate, rarely sessile, margin covered with fine, inconspicuous hairs; hairs fasciculate, less than 3 mm long; asci 300–400 × 17–20 µm; ascospores ellipsoid, biguttulate, surface with fine longitudinal ridges, 25–29 × 13–15 µm. This species has more pronounced variations in color, and is thought to represent a species complex. Cookeina sulcipes (Berk.) Kuntze (1891). C. sulcipes Basionym Peziza sulcipes Berk. (1842).
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In cartography, a conformal map projection is one in which every angle between two curves that cross each other on Earth (a sphere or an ellipsoid) is preserved in the image of the projection, i.e. the projection is a conformal map in the mathematical sense. For example, if two roads cross each other at a 39° angle, then their images on a map with a conformal projection cross at a 39° angle.
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It has 1.2 cm stamens, white anthers, long and 0.5mm wide ovary and 2.5 cm long and 7 mm wide styles branches (that are a similar colour to the petals). After the iris has flowered, between July and August, it produces an ellipsoid, seed capsule, long and 2 cm in diameter. They have a long beak (or acute point) at the top. They also bend at a 90 degree angle (right angle) from the stem.
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Vertical deflections are principally used in four matters: # For precise calculation of survey networks. The geodetic theodolites and levelling instruments are oriented with respect to the true vertical, but its deflection exceeds the geodetic measuring accuracy by a factor of 5 to 50. Therefore, the data have to be corrected exactly with respect to the global ellipsoid. Without these reductions, the surveys may be distorted by some centimeters or even decimeters per km.
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Searle is known for his work on the velocity dependence of the electromagnetic mass. This was a direct predecessor of Einstein's theory of special relativity, when several people were investigating the change of mass with velocity. Following the work of Oliver Heaviside, he defined the expression Heaviside ellipsoid, which means that the electrostatic field is contracted in the line of motion. Those developments, when modified, were ultimately important for the development of special relativity.
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The Earth can be modeled as a sphere in many ways. This section describes the common ways. The various radii derived here use the notation and dimensions noted above for the Earth as derived from the WGS-84 ellipsoid; namely, : = Equatorial radius () : = Polar radius () A sphere being a gross approximation of the spheroid, which itself is an approximation of the geoid, units are given here in kilometers rather than the millimeter resolution appropriate for geodesy.
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The Moon is a very slightly scalene ellipsoid due to tidal stretching, with its long axis displaced 30° from facing the Earth (due to gravitational anomalies from impact basins). Its shape is more elongated than current tidal forces can account for. This 'fossil bulge' indicates that the Moon solidified when it orbited at half its current distance to the Earth, and that it is now too cold for its shape to adjust to its orbit.
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Since most of Viking's experiments focused on the surface material a more straightforward design would not have served. The Viking 1 lander touched down in western Chryse Planitia ("Golden Plain") at at a reference altitude of relative to a reference ellipsoid with an equatorial radius of and a flatness of 0.0105 (22.480° N, 47.967° W planetographic) at 11:53:06 UTC (16:13 local Mars time). Approximately of propellants were left at landing.
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It has opposite leaves which are stiff, dark green, elliptical, pointed, and roughly-textured, up to 3 cm long. Each pair of leaves cradles a flower at its base. The small white to pinkish-purple flower has four stiff petal-like lobes up to 12 mm long and 10 mm wide. The fruit is ellipsoid, splitting into two nutlets This plant is most common in sandy areas such as desert dunes and river floodplains.
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These ridges are up to high, and are decurrent—they extend below and run down the cap's attachment to the stipe, though irregularly so. The spore print is brownish, the spores ellipsoid with dimensions of 12.4–16.8 × 5.8–7.3 μm. The spore surface is roughened with ornamentations that can be made visible under the microscope by staining with methyl blue. The fruit bodies can last for some considerable time, growing slowly over a month.
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In 1984 an occultation of a star produced seven chords that Kristensen used to derive an ellipsoidal profile of 210×170 km. On 6 August 1989, Metis occulted a magnitude 8.7 star producing five chords suggesting a diameter of 173.5 km. Observations of an occultation on 11 February 2006, produced only two chords indicating a minimum diameter 156 km. (Chords) All three of these occultations fit the ellipsoid 222×182×130 km suggested by Baer.
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The flowers are unisexual. Male flowers: perianth segments 6 in 2 whorls, outer ones broader, inner ones slightly narrow and pubescent outside; fertile stamens 12; filaments pubescent, of 3rd whorls each with 2 large glands at base, of 4th whorls with smaller glands; rudimentary pistil pubescent or glabrous. Female flowers: ovary pubescent or glabrous. Fruit ellipsoid, 10–12 × 7–9 mm, seated on discoid perianth tube; fruiting pedicel of 5 mm, stout.
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It is the same color as the cap, or paler. The surface texture of the stem is usually smooth, although some specimens may be slightly reticulated near the top. The spore print can range from pinkish to a deep flesh color. The spores are oval to ellipsoid in shape, smooth, hyaline (translucent), and measure 7–11 by 3.5–5 μm. The basidia are club-shaped, four-spored, and measure 15–24 by 6–7.5 μm.
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Flowers are small, white, and unisexual. Female flowers have an inferior ovary, the fruit is a fleshy capsule 4–13 mm long and 2–5 mm in diameter, and seeds are 1 mm long, ellipsoid, and hairy. Limnobium laevigatum, or Smooth Frogbit can be distinguished from Limnobium spongia, American frogbit, by flower and leaf characteristics as well as range; American frogbit is not known to occur in western states unlike smooth frogbit.
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Fruits capsular, small, 3-lobed, soon dehiscing septicidally into 3 bivalved cocci; generally surrounded by the accrescent female bract. Seeds small, ovoid or ellipsoid, usually carunculate, smooth or foveolate; endosperm present, whitish; the embryo straight; cotyledons broad and flat. Allomorphic female flowers present in some species, generally terminal (sometimes median or basal) in the inflorescences; ebracteate, long pedicellate or subsessile; calyx as in the normal female flowers; ovary and fruits 1-2 locular.
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For number of dimensions other than 2, the cumulative chi-squared distribution should be consulted. In a normal distribution, the region where the Mahalanobis distance is less than one (i.e. the region inside the ellipsoid at distance one) is exactly the region where the probability distribution is concave. Mahalanobis distance is proportional, for a normal distribution, to the square root of the negative log likelihood (after adding a constant so the minimum is at zero).
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Mycena strobilinoides, commonly known as the scarlet fairy helmet, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. It is found in North America, where it fruits scattered or in dense groups on needle beds and moss. The mushroom is more common in western than eastern North America, and it prefers to grow at elevations greater than in montane locales. It has amyloid, ellipsoid spores measuring 7–9 by 4–5 μm.
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Melanoleuca is a poorly known genus of saprotrophic mushrooms traditionally classified in the family Tricholomataceae. Most are small to medium sized, white, brown, ocher or gray with a cylindrical to subcylindrical stipe and white to pale yellowish gills. The basidiospores are ellipsoid and ornamented with amyloid warts. Melanoleuca is considered a difficult group to study due to their macroscopic similarities among species and the need of a thorough microscopic analysis to separate species.
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Cystidia of Melanoleuca communis Spores of Melanoleuca in a scanning electron microscope The spores of Melanoleuca are 7.0–11.0 x 4.0–6.0 µm, thin-walled, ellipsoid, amyloid with ornamented warts. They look very similar to the spores of Leucopaxillus, however, Melanoleuca spores present a plage. Basidia are usually 4-spored, cylindrical to clavate. Pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are present or absent, if present they are urticoid, thin-walled or fusiform to lageniform, thick-walled.
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It is white, smooth and the base of the stipe is attached to the wood substrate by a flat white disk, similar to Mycena austrororida, which, unlike M. interrupta is attached to the wood substrate by a mass of clumped fine hairs. The gills are white, adnexed, with blue margins. The spores are white, smooth, ellipsoid and have dimensions of 7-10×4-6 µm. Unlike some other Mycena species, Mycena interrupta is not bioluminescent.
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Hallucinogenic species typically have a blue-staining reaction when the fruit body is bruised. Microscopically, they are characterized by pileipellis with hyphae that run parallel to the pileus surface, forming a cutis, by their lack of chrysocystidia, and by spores that are smooth, ellipsoid to rhomboid to subhexagonal in shape, with a distinct apical germ pore. Ecologically, all species of Psilocybe are saprotrophs, growing on various kinds of decaying organic matter.Guzmán (1983), p. 22.
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In this geometry, a "free" particle is defined as one at rest or traveling at constant speed on a geodesic path. Two free particles may begin at the same point on the surface, traveling with the same constant speed in different directions. After a length of time, the two particles collide at the opposite side of the ellipsoid. Both "free" particles traveled with a constant speed, satisfying the definition that no forces were acting.
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In deposit, such as with a spore print, the spores appear pale yellow. Use of a light microscope reveals further details: they are roughly spherical to broadly ellipsoid, measuring 7–9 by 7–8 μm, and covered with widely spaced, branching broad ridges between 0.5–1.5 μm high. The basidia, the spore-bearing cells, are 35–40 by 8–11 μm, four-spored, and club-shaped.Hesler and Smith, 1979, pp. 233–35.
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The spores of M. nargan are roughly ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, and measure 7.4–10.4 by 4.8–7.1 μm. They have a small, oblique apiculus, and lack oil droplets. In terms of staining reactions, they are acyanophilous (not absorbing methyl blue dye), and amyloid (turning blue-black in Melzer's reagent). The basidia (spore-bearing cells in the hymenium) are club-shaped, have clamp connections at their bases, and measure 29.6–36.4 by 8.2–10.7 μm.
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Equatorial (), polar () and mean Earth radii as defined in the 1984 World Geodetic System revision (not to scale) Currently the most common reference ellipsoid used, and that used in the context of the Global Positioning System, is the one defined by WGS 84. Traditional reference ellipsoids or geodetic datums are defined regionally and therefore non-geocentric, e.g., ED50. Modern geodetic datums are established with the aid of GPS and will therefore be geocentric, e.g.
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The flowers are coloured yellow. The staminate (male) flowers are 5-7mm in length; the pistillate (female) flowers are 4–5mm in length. The shape of the fruit is ellipsoid (like an elongated acorn with a small cap/base, or a rugby ball with one end flat); but shape of the nut is globose (round). The fruit are 1.5-2cm long by 1-2cm wide, generally a bit longer than wide, with a juicy flesh.
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Gambierdiscus belizeanus is a species of dinoflagellates, first found in Belize. G. belizeanus cells are 53–67 pm long, 54–63 μm wide, and 92–98 μm in dorsoventral depth. Cells are deeply areolated, ellipsoid in apical view, and compressed anteroposteriorly. Its cells are identified by their long, narrow, pentagonal, posterior intercalary plate (1p) wedged between the wide postcingular plates 2″’and 4″; 1p occupies approximately 20% of the width of the hypotheca.
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Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 39(2): 321-324. Under the microscope, it can be identified by its immersed, pyriform perithecia (pear-shaped, spore-containing structures), which have a brown exterior wall. The ascospores within the perithecia are ellipsoid in shape, with a smooth exterior and granular cytoplasm. The anamorph (asexual stage) of B. ribis is Fusicoccum ribis, and although less abundant, it is characterized by globose pycnidia containing smooth, hyaline macro- and microconidia.
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Via asteroid occultations: Observations of an occultation of a bright 5.5 magnitude star on 17 September 2002, produced seventy-five chords indicating an ellipsoid of 111×90 km. (Chords) Observations of an occultation on 15 November 2005, near Grass Valley, CA, produced five chords indicating an incomplete outline of 126×111 km. This larger result may be caused by a different orientation of the asteroid as it passed in front of the star.
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A normal vector to a strictly convex surface can be used to uniquely define a surface position. n-vector is an outward-pointing normal vector with unit length used as a position representation. For most applications the surface is the reference ellipsoid of the Earth, and thus n-vector is used to represent a horizontal position. Hence, the angle between n-vector and the equatorial plane corresponds to geodetic latitude, as shown in the figure.
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Starting with Huygens's spheroid, Fresnel obtained the 4th-degree "surface of elasticity" which, when sectioned by a plane as above, would yield the wave-normal velocities for a wavefront in that plane, together with their vibration directions. For the biaxial case, he generalized the surface to allow three unequal principal dimensions. But he retained the former "ellipsoid of elasticity" as an approximation, from which he deduced Biot's dihedral law.Buchwald, 1989, pp. 274–9.
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In some systems, toxin production has been shown to be the main cause of plant wilting. First identified from potatoes in Germany in 1870, this disease affects a variety of cultivated plants and can persist as a saprotrophic soil organism for more than 15 years. Identification can be made by looking for one-celled conidia, hyaline round to ellipsoid which are formed at the tips of whorled branches. They are easily separated from the tips.
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The lens has an ellipsoid, biconvex shape. The anterior surface is less curved than the posterior. In the adult, the lens is typically circa 10 mm in diameter and has an axial length of about 4 mm, though it is important to note that the size and shape can change due to accommodation and because the lens continues to grow throughout a person's lifetime.John Forrester, Andrew Dick, Paul McMenamin, William Lee (1996).
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Spore prints are dark brown, sometimes with violet shades. Spores are thick-walled with an apical pore, and elongated ellipsoid to equilateral in face view, and somewhat inequilateral in side view, typically measuring 12.0–12.6–13.1 by 6.8–7.1–7.4 μm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are cylindrical, four-spored with sterigmata up to 5.5 μm long, and have dimensions of 27–37 by 9–11 μm. Clamp connections are present in hyphae.
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E24s produced after June 1987 were fitted with ellipsoid headlamps, as per the recently introduced E32 7 Series. The front and rear bumpers and spoilers were redesigned to use a single design worldwide (prior to this, models sold in North America used a different design from the rest of the world). The 635CSi engine was updated to the higher compression M30B35, which resulted in a power increase of for engines with catalytic converters.
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The station opened in 1849, serving the North Kent Line from London to Gillingham. The station building was rebuilt in 1906 in a London brick form typical of southeast London. It was again rebuilt in 1992-93 to a modern design in steel and glass by the Architecture and Design Group of British Rail, under the leadership of Nick Derbyshire. It has a, clean, naturally-lit ellipsoid theme, contrasting with the earlier forms.
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Micropsalliota fruitbodies have a ring on the stipe, free gill attachment, and brown spores. Micropsalliota is distinguished from similar genera with dark spore prints by its small- to medium-sized fruit bodies, ellipsoid to cymbiform (boat-shaped) basidiospores with an apical thickening in the endosporium, cheilocystidia that are often capitate (ending in a distinct compact head) or nearly so, and pileipellis hyphae encrusted with a pigment that turns olive to green after application of NH4OH.
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Although some tube worm species still inhabit the bay area and the reefs, they bring no significant contribution to the reef structure.McKee, pp. 34–36 Most reefs are circular or ellipsoid structures between 8 and 40 meters (26 to 131 ft) in diameter and 0.5 to 2 meters (1.5–6.6 ft) in height above the sediment. Their total area is about 16 km2 (6 mi2), but it is gradually reducing due to erosion.
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Ceriporia amazonica is a species of crust fungus in the family Irpicaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as new to science in 2014. The fungus is characterized by its salmon-coloured pore surface with angular pores numbering 1–3 per millimetre, and small ellipsoid spores (measuring 2–3 μm) that are among the smallest in genus Ceriporia. The type locality is Amapá National Forest, in the Brazilian Amazon, for which the species is named.
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The brown, acute and keeling glumes are separated into upper and lower parts, with the lowest 2 or 3 empty and half the size of the upper glumes. The upper glumes are larger - 8-9 mm long, with a bristlelike glume above; the bristles are 7-10 mm long and red or brown in colour. The fruit is a nut, 2.5-3 mm long, brown in colour and narrow-ellipsoid in shape.
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Proteus (), also known as Neptune VIII, is the second-largest Neptunian moon, and Neptune's largest inner satellite. Discovered by Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1989, it is named after Proteus, the shape-changing sea god of Greek mythology. Proteus orbits Neptune in a nearly equatorial orbit at the distance of about 4.75 times the radius of Neptune's equator. Despite being a predominantly icy body more than in diameter, Proteus's shape deviates significantly from an ellipsoid.
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Even though they have the same size, there's no way to perfectly superimpose them by translating and rotating them along the page. Similarly, within a three- dimensional space, a right hand and a left hand have a different shape, even if they are the mirror images of each other. Shapes may change if the object is scaled non-uniformly. For example, a sphere becomes an ellipsoid when scaled differently in the vertical and horizontal directions.
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Taferielt is an indigenous Moroccan wine, table, and raisin grape. It produces medium to very long clusters of dense, ellipsoid/obovoid, blue-black grapes. It is a parent, along with Jaén blanco, of the Moroccan variety Blanc de Rhafsaï. It is a very old variety thought to descend from the wild vines of Morocco, showing clear differentiation from other vines of the Middle Atlas, and the Kabylie and Aurès Mountains of Algeria.
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Pores are small, numbering two to four per millimeter; they are circular at first but become more angular as the fruit body matures. The flesh has a mild taste and an unpleasant odor that the authors liken to "garbage". Spores are egg-shaped to ellipsoid, measuring 15–20 by 5–8 µm. Basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped with two to four sterigmata, and measure 15–20 by 5–8 µm.
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The rotund to ellipsoid spores are 7.5–10 µm long and 6–7.6 µm wide. The surface ornamentation extends to 0.5 µm high and is mainly from warts and short, wide ridges, which are linked through few fine lines to form an incomplete net (reticulum). The suprahilar area, a distinctly limited zone above the apiculus, is weakly amyloid. Basidia (spore-bearing cells) are four-spored and measure 45–60 × 9.5–12 µm.
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Amanita sinicoflava (occurring in North America) looks quite similar, but it has a sack-like volva, unlike A. ceciliae. A. antillana, of the Antilles islands, is somewhat the same, but it has ellipsoid spores unlike the spherical ones of A. ceciliae. A. ceciliae is often used as a misnomer for A. borealisorora, which largely occurs in North America. A. borealisorora is a provisional name, and the species has not yet been validly published.
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In the centre of the falls, is a short, (16–30 mm,) thick row of small hairs (the beard), which is yellowish-white, bright yellow, or white with orange tips. The standards are a similar size to the falls. It has 2.5 cm long style branch, that is paler than the falls and standards, and has deltoid crests. It also has a six grooved, ellipsoid ovary, and a 0.6–0.8 cm long perianth tube.
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Each one arcsecond tile has 3,601 rows, each consisting of 3,601 16 bit bigendian cells. The dimensions of the three arcsecond tiles are 1201 x 1201. The original SRTM elevations were calculated relative to the WGS84 ellipsoid and then the EGM96 geoid separation values were added to convert to heights relative to the geoid for all the released products. The elevation models derived from the SRTM data are used in geographic information systems.
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Luteoporia is a fungal genus in the family Meruliaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single white rot species Luteoporia albomarginata, found in China. Macroscopic characterics of this fungus include its annual growth habit, and crust-like fruit bodies with yellow pores. Microscopic characteristics include a monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections, hyphae in the trama featuring swollen tips projecting out of the hymenium, and spores that are hyaline, thin-walled, and oblong-ellipsoid.
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An absolute location is designated using a specific pairing of latitude and longitude in a Cartesian coordinate grid — for example, a Spherical coordinate system or an ellipsoid-based system such as the World Geodetic System — or similar methods. For instance, the position of Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela can be expressed using the coordinate system as the location 9.80°N (latitude), 71.56°W (longitude). It is, however, just one way. There are several alternative ways.
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Most players wear a mouthguard but only a very few wear a helmet, normally a bicycle style helmet with a soft outer covering, and only after medical advice, such as if they have been concussed numerous times. Some players, predominantly ruckmen, wear shin guards. All protective equipment must be approved by the umpires to ensure that it can not injure other players. The game is played with an ellipsoid ball, on a grassed oval.
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The optical system of the driving laser is often designed to control the pulse structure, and consequently, the distribution of electrons in the extracted bunch. For example, a fs-scale laser pulse with an elliptical transverse profile creates a thin "pancake" electron bunch, that evolves into a uniformly filled ellipsoid under its own space-charge fields. A more sophisticated laser pulse with a comb-like longitudinal profile generates a similarly shaped, comb electron beam.
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The taste is mild and the smell is pleasant initially (of hay, melilot or bitter almonds) but after a moment it becomes unpleasant (of acid, or a drying facecloth). The spore powder is white and the spores are ellipsoid, sometimes elongated (with an aspect ratio up to about 2) and are around 6-8 µm by 3.5-4.5 µm. There are cheilocystidia which are club-shaped to spindle-shaped with lobes at one end.
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Fig. 8: Relations between mathematical spaces: smooth, Riemannian etc Smooth manifolds are not called "spaces", but could be. Every smooth manifold is a topological manifold, and can be embedded into a finite- dimensional linear space. Smooth surfaces in a finite-dimensional linear space are smooth manifolds: for example, the surface of an ellipsoid is a smooth manifold, a polytope is not. Real or complex finite-dimensional linear, affine and projective spaces are also smooth manifolds.
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They are cylindrical, and smooth or with very fine cyanophilous (stainable with blue dyes) warts. The basidia (spore- bearing cells) are club-shaped, two- or four-spored with sterigmata up to 14 µm long, and measure 47–80 by 8–11 µm. The variety albidior differs from the main type by having white to yellowish branches. Its spores are somewhat cylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, and range in size from 10.8–11.9 by 3.6–4.3 µm.
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Viburnum molle Ohio Division of Natural Resources Viburnum molle is a woody shrub that spreads by underground runners. It produces clusters of small white flowers in late spring. It has distinctive papery bark which peels off in sheets. Although it bears a superficial resemblance to the more widespread Viburnum dentatum, it can be distinguished by its ovate-orbicular leaves with strictly cordate leaf bases, its prominent long-filiform stipules, and its ellipsoid fruit.
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Butia yatay bearing almost ripe fruit along the banks of the Río Negro in the Cerro de la Palmera, Río Negro Department, Uruguay. The shape of the fruit is ovoid. The shape of the 1.8-2.8 by 1-1.7 cm nut is elongated, ellipsoid or turbinate, and it weighs 1.1-3.5g. The ripe fruit are 2.7-4.2 cm by 1.5-3.8 cm in size, weigh 8-23g, and have a persistent perianth.
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Negative northing and easting values indicate a position due south and west of the origin, respectively. Usually associated with a map projection is a natural origin, e.g., at which the ellipsoid and flat map surfaces coincide. To ensure that the northing and easting coordinates on a map are not negative, map projections may set up a false origin, specified in terms of false northing and false easting values, that offset the true origin.
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Datums are used in geodesy, navigation, and surveying by cartographers and satellite navigation systems to translate positions indicated on maps (paper or digital) to their real position on Earth. Each starts with an ellipsoid (stretched sphere), and then defines latitude, longitude and altitude coordinates. One or more locations on the Earth's surface are chosen as anchor "base-points". The difference in co-ordinates between datums is commonly referred to as datum shift.
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The hermaphrodite or unisexual flowers are more or less radially symmetric, with a perianth of three or four fleshy tepals connate nearly to the apex, one or two stamens, and an ovary with two or three stigmas. The perianth is persistent in fruit. The fruit wall (pericarp) is membranous. The vertical seed is ellipsoid, with light brown, membranous, hairy seed coat, the hairs can be strongly curved, hooked, or conic, straight or slightly curved.
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The standards are erect, narrowly oblanceolate, 2 cm long and 2–3mm wide. It has a 1 cm long pedicel, 4–5 cm long and slender perianth tube, 1.5–1.8 cm long stamens, yellow or purple anthers and a 1 cm long ovary. It also has small style branches. After the iris has flowered, it produces an ellipsoid seed capsule, 2 cm long and 7-8mm wide, with a beaked top and 6 ribs, between June and August.
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Apothecia are goblet- to funnel-shaped, grow solitary to clustered on wood at altitudes less than , and have dimensions of in diameter by tall. The stipe is slender, 3–4 mm thick, and long. The hymenium surface is pink to buff in color, while the outer surface is less brightly colored. Ascospores have a cylindrical or ellipsoid shape, containing two large oil drops, covered with fine longitudinal wrinkles, and have dimensions of 25–33 × 14–18 µm.
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They have a 2 lobed end (or notched end), and a defined crest or ridge leading to the stem. They have a cylindrical perianth tube (which about two- fifths the length of ovary), light purple anthers and a cylindrical ovary with 6 ribs. After the iris has flowered, it produces an ovaloid (or ellipsoid), cylindrical, seed capsule between late August and early September. It is 2–3 times longer than wide, it has a beak-like appendage.
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In 1830, Airy calculated the lengths of the polar radius and equatorial radius of the earth using measurements taken in the UK. Although his measurements were superseded by more accurate radius figures (such as those used for GRS 80 and WGS84) his Airy geoid (strictly a reference ellipsoid, OSGB36) is still used by Great Britain's Ordnance Survey for mapping of England, Scotland and Wales because it better fits the local sea level (about 80 cm below world average).
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The spores are ellipsoid, hyaline, amyloid, and measure 9–11 by 5–6 μm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are four-spored. The pleurocystidia (cystidia on the gill face) are not differentiated or are occasionally present near the gill edge and similar to cheilocystidia (cystidia on the gill edge). The cheilocystidia, which measure 32–46 by 8–14 μm, are tapered on either end and can have two to several obtuse fingerlike projections arising from the apex.
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Thorondor's light curve has considerable photometric variability, with the relative magnitude of the two objects measured variously from 0.6–2.1 over the course of a few years. This implies that Thorondor could have a very flattened shape, akin to the larger lobe of the contact binary Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth. Assuming a ellipsoid shape for Thorondor, a best-fit model for its shape suggests the aspect ratios of a/c = 7.33 and b/c = 6.67.
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In chimpanzees and humans the neuropil provides a proxy measure of total connectivity within a local region because it is composed mostly of dendrites, axons, and synapses. In insects the central complex plays an important role in higher-order brain function. The neuropil in Drosophila Ellipsoid is composed of four substructures. Each section has been observed in several insects as well as the influence it has on behavior, however the exact function of this neuropil has proven elusive.
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The stipe is long by thick, roughly spindle-shaped (fusiform), with red-brown fibrils and a sharply defined zone of white color at the stalk apex, especially in more mature specimens. The flesh is white or cream, smelling strongly of meal, with a bitter taste.Gryzyby―Fungi of Poland Spores have a roughly spherical or ellipsoid shape, are hyaline, smooth, non-amyloid, and have dimensions of 5.5—7.0 x 4.5—5.5 µm. Basidia are 4-spored and cystidia are absent.
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In winter and spring (August to November), karaka produces stout, erect panicles of tiny flowers. Individual flowers are 4–5 mm in diameter and greenish-cream to off-white or pale yellow. The fruit is an ellipsoid to ovoid drupe 25–46 mm long, with pale yellow to orange flesh, containing a single seed. The fruit ripens in summer and autumn (January to April) and the seeds are mostly dispersed by columbiform birds which eat the fruit.
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In any ellipsoid, the length of a degree of longitude at the equator is thus exactly 60 geographical miles. The shape of the Earth is a slightly flattened sphere, which results in the Earth's circumference being 0.168% larger when measured around the equator as compared to through the poles. The geographical mile is slightly larger than the nautical mile (which was historically linked to the circumference measured through both poles); one geographic mile is equivalent to approximately .
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Pholiotina cyanopus is a small saprotrophic mushroom with a conic to broadly convex cap which is smooth and colored ocher to cinnamon brown. It is usually less than 25 mm across and the margin is striate, often with fibrous remnants of the partial veil. The gills are adnate and close, colored cinnamon brown with whitish edges near the margin, darkening in age. The spores are cinnamon brown, smooth and ellipsoid with a germ pore, measuring 8 × 5 micrometers.
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Viewed with a light microscope, the spores are translucent and have an ellipsoid to roughly spherical shape with spines on the surface, and dimensions of 3–5.5 by 2.5–4.5 µm. Spores are non-amyloid, meaning that they do not absorb iodine when stained with Melzer's reagent. The spore-bearing cells, the basidia, are usually 25–45 µm long by 6–7 µm wide, and 4-spored. Clamp connections are present in the hyphae of this species.
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Two levels of abstraction are employed in the definition of latitude and longitude. In the first step the physical surface is modeled by the geoid, a surface which approximates the mean sea level over the oceans and its continuation under the land masses. The second step is to approximate the geoid by a mathematically simpler reference surface. The simplest choice for the reference surface is a sphere, but the geoid is more accurately modeled by an ellipsoid.
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Note that the features of the ellipsoid cross-section (orange) in this image are exaggerated with respect to those of the Earth. Normally the circles of latitude are defined at zero elevation. Elevation has an effect on a location with respect to the plane formed by a circle of latitude. Since (in the geodetic system) altitude and depth are determined by the normal to the Earth's surface, locations sharing the same latitude--but having different elevations (i.e.
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It is tough and cartilaginous, and its base it covered with white hairs. Overall, its color is that of the cap or paler, and often paler near the top. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown. Spores are broadly ellipsoid in shape, amyloid, and have dimensions of either 8–10 by 6–7 µm or 10–14 by 6.7–8.5 µm depending on whether they originated from four-or two-spored basidia (spore- bearing cells), respectively.
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Spores have dimensions of 11–13 x 6–8 µm. They are ellipsoid or ovoid in shape, with a rounded base and apex, dark red-brown in color, and nonamyloid. Detail of section through two gills of unexpanded fruit-body. s, short basidia; l, long basidia; p, paraphyses; c, cystidium; i, interlamellar space The cystidia found on the sides of the gills (pleurocystidia) are abundant in large fruit bodies, fewer in number in the smaller specimens.
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Maps require projections. A projection implies distortion: A constant separation on the map does not correspond to a constant separation on the ground. While a map may display a graphical bar scale, the scale must be used with the understanding that it will be accurate on only some lines of the map. (This is discussed further in the examples in the following sections.) Let P be a point at latitude \varphi and longitude \lambda on the sphere (or ellipsoid).
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A scale diagram of the oblateness of the 2003 IERS reference ellipsoid. The outer edge of the dark blue line is an ellipse with the same eccentricity as that of Earth, with north at the top. For comparison, the light blue circle within has a diameter equal to the ellipse's minor axis. The red line represents the Karman line above sea level, while the yellow area denotes the altitude range of the ISS in low Earth orbit.
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Microscopic characters include the dimitic hyphal system, relatively large basidia measuring 23–31 by 8–9 μm, and large ellipsoid to egg-shaped spores measuring 7–9 by 5–6 μm. The fungus was redescribed 23 years later after it was found in a polypore survey in the Atlantic rainforest of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. There it was growing on the ground amongst leaf litter, connected to roots of a living tree of Ocotea indecora.
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In deposit, such as with a spore print, the spores appear white. Further details are revealed with a light microscope: the spores are ellipsoid to almond-shaped, smooth, thin-walled, and measure 8–12 by 4–6 μm. The basidia (the spore-bearing cells) are club- shaped, four-spored, and typically have dimensions of 26–37.5 by 7–10.5 μm. M. californiensis has cheilocystidia (cystidia on the gill edges) that measure 16–50 by 6.5–20 μm.
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Leonid Genrikhovich Khachiyan (; ; May 3, 1952April 29, 2005) was a Soviet and American mathematician and computer scientist. He was most famous for his ellipsoid algorithm (1979) for linear programming, which was the first such algorithm known to have a polynomial running time. Even though this algorithm was shown to be impractical due to the high degree of the polynomial in its running time, it has inspired other randomized algorithms for convex programming and is considered a significant theoretical breakthrough.
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This shows if the float is stuck since it will only rotate if it is free. Readings are usually taken at the top of the widest part of the float; the center for an ellipsoid, or the top for a cylinder. Some manufacturers use a different standard. The "float" must not float in the fluid: it has to have a higher density than the fluid, otherwise it will float to the top even if there is no flow.
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0°, −13.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (), as well as a semi-axis ratio of 3.41 () and 1.16 () for the three-axial ellipsoid model (). Between 2003 and 2017, several additional lightcurves were obtained by American photometrists Robert Stephens and Brian Warner at the Santana Observatory (), the Palmer Divide Observatory () and the Palmer Divide Station (), respectively. The constructed lightcurve gave a shorter period for Riema between 3.566 and 3.588 hours with a low amplitude of 0.06 to 0.19 magnitude ().
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Dichomitus hubeiensis is a crust fungus that was described as a new species in 2013. The fungus is characterized by the cream to straw-yellow pore surface and large pores numbering 1–2 per millimetre. Microscopic features include both inamyloid and indextrinoid skeletal hyphae, the presence of cystidioles and dendrohyphidia in the hymenium, and roughly ellipsoid spores that measure 10–14 by 5.6–7.0 µm. The specific epithet refers to the type locality in Hubei, central China.
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The spores are spherical or nearly so, rarely broadly ellipsoid, and measure 9.5–12 by 9–11.5 µm. They are hyaline (translucent) and colorless, amyloid (absorbing iodine when stained with Melzer's reagent), thin-walled, smooth, and have a small apiculus. The spore-bearing cells, the basidia, are 27–55 by 10–15 µm, club-shaped, and two-spored (rarely one-spored). They have sterigmata (slender projections that attach the spores) that are 5–7 µm long.
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The order Tremellales was created by Carleton Rea in 1922 for species in which the basidia were "tremelloid" (globose to ellipsoid with vertical or diagonal septa). Rea placed within it one family, the Tremellaceae, having the same characteristics as the order. This circumscription was generally accepted until the 1980s. In 1945, however, G.W. Martin proposed a substantial extension of the order to include all the species within the (now obsolete) class Heterobasidiomycetes except for the rusts and the smuts.
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Some of the lobes have simple (unbranched) black rhizines on the margins, while others have a rhizine-free border. The apothecia are cup-shaped, measuring 1–6 mm in diameter with a smooth margin and a brown disc. Ascospores are ellipsoid to ovoid in shape, and typically measure 12–14 by 8–10 μm. Secondary compounds produced by Bulbothrix meizospora include atranorin and chloratranorin in the cortex, and consalazinic acid and salazinic acid in the medulla.
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The spores are ellipsoid, occasionally ovoid or obovoid, thin-walled, hyaline, amyloid, and measure 8–11 by 5.5–7.5 μm. The spore deposit is white. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are 40–65 by 7–11.5 μm, four-spored, with clamps at their bases. Cheilocystidia (cystidia on the gill edge) are occasionally seen as small, club-shaped cells measuring 15–35 by 10–15 μm, on thin-walled hyphae that are 3–7 μm in diameter.
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Infected trees often show thinning of the outer crown due to impaired root function. Tree failure is due to brittle fracture of degraded lateral roots.Fungal Strategies of Wood Decay in Trees - Schartze, Engels and Mattheck (2000) ;Microscopic features Spores are roughly spherical to ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, with typical dimensions of 6–6.5 × 5.5–6 µm. Under a microscope, they appear translucent (hyaline), smooth, and nonamyloid, meaning that they do not absorb stain from Melzer's reagent.
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They have 4 to 8 spored asci that are cylindrical to club-shaped. Their ascospores are typically ellipsoid to globose in shape, colorless and thin-walled. They often contain β-orcinol depsidones (secondary metabolites of lichens) such as norstictic acid and stictic acids; others have fatty acids or triterpenes. In genus Aspicilia dramatic changes in growth forms are very common, and some taxa may display extreme transitions within the same population or even changes within the same thallus.
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Changes in horizontal location between NAD27 and NAD83 To address these, a new datum was developed, designated NAD83. It replaced the Clarke spheroid with a new ellipsoid, the Geographic Reference System 1980, centered at the Earth's center of mass as determined by the Bureau International de l'Heure. The new datum was based on adjustment of 250,000 points, including 600 satellite Doppler stations. NAD83 was officially adopted by the U.S. government in 1989, and by the Canadian government in 1990.
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In mass, spores are yellow; microscopically, the spores are ellipsoid in shape and have a smooth surface. Gasteroid fruit body types are either roughly spherical or tuberous, occasionally with stipes, and usually have a peridium that is either simple or multi-layered. Mature gasteroid fruit bodies generally open irregularly at maturity to expose a powdery gleba with a color ranging from white to yellow or black-brown to black. Capillitia are generally absent from the gleba.
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It has a triangular, 0.6–1 cm long ovary, an oblong stigma (half the size of the falls,) and 1.5 cm long, triangular crested, style branch. After the iris has flowered, it produces an ovoid seed capsule. The capsule is 1–2 cm long, with ridged angles and triangular in cross-section. Inside the capsule, are ellipsoid, yellowish-brown seeds that are 3.2–3.5 mm across and have a white appendage that spirally wraps around the seed.
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The laminar glands are pale, pointed, and densely placed; while the intramarginal glands are black, small, and few in number. The inflorescence is 50-flowered from 1–3 nodes, but can also flower from 1-3 lower nodes; the shape of the whole inflorescence is pyramidal to cylindric. The flowers are 12–18 mm in diameter; their buds are ellipsoid and acute. The sepals are equal and acute and measure 4–6 by 1–3 mm.
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The Bryant Seal represents the educational mission of the university and its worldwide implications. The central symbol is an ellipsoid globe with quills on each side to signify the traditional emblem of communication in business. In the center, behind the globe, is a torch symbolizing liberty, the spirit of free inquiry, academic freedom, and learning. The Archway, forming the background for the globe, torch, and quills, is a University landmark affectionately and superstitiously by Bryant alumni.
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Fruit bodies are gelatinous, watery white, up to across (larger in cultivated specimens), and composed of thin but erect, seaweed- like, branching fronds, often crisped at the edges. Microscopically, the hyphae are clamped and occur in a dense gelatinous matrix. Haustorial cells arise on the hyphae, producing filaments that attach to and penetrate the hyphae of the host. The basidia are tremelloid (ellipsoid, with oblique to vertical septa), 10–13 μm × 6.5–10 μm, sometimes stalked.
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The expeditions confirmed Isaac Newton's belief that the shape of the earth is an ellipsoid flattened at the poles. ''' Anders Celsius c. 1730s In 1738, he published the (Observations on Determining the Shape of the Earth). Celsius's participation in the Lapland expedition won him much respect in Sweden with the government and his peers, and played a key role in generating interest from the Swedish authorities in donating the resources required to construct a new modern observatory in Uppsala.
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The fruit is ellipsoid in shape, 7½ mm (0.3 in) long, the surface thinly covered with a fine powder. The species flowers between August and January, peaking in September and October. Initially the flowers are bright yellow, but soon turn orange to end in a brilliant crimson, and they may remain vibrant for almost two months. The subtribe Proteinae, to which the genus Leucospermum has been assigned, consistently has a basic chromosome number of twelve (2n=24).
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Instead of using the sea level, geodesists often prefer to define height from the surface of a reference ellipsoid, see Geodetic system, vertical datum. Defining the height of geographic landmarks becomes a question of reference. For example, the highest mountain by elevation in reference to sea level belongs to Mount Everest, located on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China; however the highest mountain by measurement of apex to base belongs to Mauna Kea in Hawaii, United States.
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Hans Wolter (11 May 1911 in Dramburg – 17 August 1978 in Marburg) was a German physicist who designed an aplanatic system of grazing incidence mirrors that satisfied the Abbe sine condition (i.e. free of both spherical aberration and coma). Wolter showed such a system could be produced using a combination of a paraboloid with either a hyperboloid or ellipsoid secondary. The three simplest designs are outlined and are known as Wolter telescopes of types I, II and III.
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