The dried drupes are often powdered and mixed with water, making a thick "juice" that tastes like a Medjool date fucked a Werther's Original.
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If you're after an edible souvenir you can legally take home, the nearly century-old Ariana Olives nearby vacuum-packs whatever you choose from the many barrels of preserved drupes.
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Across the narrow alley, the baker's children are carrying on the Papadopoulos family tradition in gastronomy with Drupes & Drips, a teeny wine bar where you can recharge for the night with a freddo espresso, a shot of caffeine shaken with ice (€240, or about $260).
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P. sunhangii drupes are black when ripe, P. cerasoides drupes are purplishblack.
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Female flowers produce drupes wide, each containing three seeds. The drupes darken to black when ripe.
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The fruit is an aggregate of several red, fleshy drupes.
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Shiny red drupes in elongate clusters (Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest).
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The fruits are categorize as drupes that contain brown or black seeds.
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The inflorescences exceed 3 feet in length, arch downwards, and can extend below the frond. The flowers are white, bisexual, and occur year-round, with peak production in the spring. The resulting fruits, called drupes, are white and can also be seen year round. It can be distinguished from the similar- looking genus Coccothrinax by its white drupes, whereas the drupes in Coccothrinax are black or yellow.
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After fertilisation, the flowers form clusters of five dry, hard drupes in diameter. The drupes are buoyant and can maintain the viability of the seeds during long periods in seawater, allowing the seeds to be dispersed by the ocean.
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The drupes contain two stones, each with two seeds. In addition to being edible by humans, the drupes are eaten by mammals and birds such as the clay- colored thrush. The lifespan of an Anacua is at least 50 years.
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The small fragrant flowers are gathered in a short axillary yellow-green raceme. The flowering period extends from February to April. Fruits are obovoidal red-brownish drupes of about , containing from 2 to 4 seeds. The drupes darken to black when ripe.
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Flowering occurs from December to April and is followed by fruit which are green drupes.
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The fruits are hairy drupes up to a centimeter in diameter and containing angular seeds.
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It resembles Stephania reticulata but S. crebra has larger flowers but smaller drupes and endocarps.
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Flowering occurs from December to February and is followed by fruit which are green drupes.
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Once the flowers of the northern dewberry are fertilized, drupes soon grow and replace each flower. The drupes are a dark-purplish color and range from ½ inch to one inch in diameter. Once the fruit has fully ripened it has a tart-sweet flavor.
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Gomphia species grow as shrubs or small to medium-sized trees. The fruits are drupes (pitted).
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Leaf detail This species is distinguished by its fruit-heads, each of which is packed with 2-3-locular drupes that are 6–7 cm x 4–5 cm in size. The exposed portions of the drupes are pyramid-shaped and have flat stigmas at their tips.
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Garuga species are deciduous trees. The flowers are bisexual. The fruits are drupes (i.e. with a pit).
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The drupes appear at the ends of edible fleshy fruit stalks (rachis), which is a type of accessory fruit.
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The shrub flowers in inflorescences of long, urn-shaped manzanita flowers and produces drupes 6 to 12 millimeters wide.
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Flowering occurs from October to February and is followed by fruit which are smooth green drupes long and wide.
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The yellow-green fruit, known as drupes, appear from October to February. Edible, they are eaten raw by local aborigines.
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Flowering occurs from November to January and is followed by fruit which are drupes which are about long and wide.
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Tryma is a specialized term for such nut-like drupes that are difficult to categorize. Hickory nuts (Carya) and walnuts (Juglans) in the Juglandaceae family grow within an outer husk; these fruits are technically drupes or drupaceous nuts, thus are not true botanical nuts.W.P. Armstrong. 2008. Identification Of Major Fruit Types W.P. Armstrong. 2008.
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Anacolosa species grow as shrubs or trees. The flowers are bisexual. The fruits are drupes (pitted) with a thin, fleshy pericarp.
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The fruits are shiny red or greenish-brown drupes between one half and one centimeter wide. Seeds require fire for germination.
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Callicarpa macrophylla is a species of beautyberry native to the Indian subcontinent. Its fruits are small white berries that actually are drupes.
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They are usually very light pink, urn-shaped, and hairy inside. The fruits are fuzzy red drupes each about a centimeter wide.
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The shrub blooms in crowded inflorescences of urn-shaped flowers and produces whitish to tan colored drupes each 5 to 7 millimeters wide.
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This is born on a short, fat stem, with long, slender, leaf-like bracts that extend further than the fruit-head. Each fruit-head holds 35-45 compressed or irregularly angled drupes. The drupes' exposed parts are raised and conical, with flattened or depressed tips, covered in cracks and scattered stigmas.Vaughan RE, Wiehe PO (1953) The genus Pandanus in the Mascarene Islands.
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Strombosia species grow as shrubs or trees. The flowers are bisexual with 5 petals. The fruits are drupes (pitted) with a thin, fleshy pericarp.
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The fruit are drupes, which vary in colour from green to orange to brown. They range in size from in length, and in diameter.
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The ovary is densely covered with grey hairs. Flowering occurs in January and February and is followed by fruit which are smooth green drupes.
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The flowers are white to pink and may be hairy or hairless inside. The fruits are fuzzy reddish drupes under a centimeter in diameter.
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Brackenridgea species grow as small to medium- sized trees. The flowers are white or yellow. The fruits are drupes (pitted) and are greenish, ripening black.
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The shrub grows up to 0.3 to 0.5 m tall. Its branches are slender and glabrescent. Its drupes are reddish, and around 6 mm wide.
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It flowers in late fall and winter in urn-shaped manzanita flowers. The fruits are hairless red drupes about a centimeter wide or slightly larger.
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The leaves have white spines that are densest near the upper bit of the leaf, and darker and rarer lower down. This species is also distinguished by its oblong fruit-heads, appearing first erect and then drooping. Each fruit-head is packed with uniseriate rows of long, narrow drupes. The exposed portions of the drupes are pale grey, and the internal portion becomes light yellow when ripe.
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However, mulberries, which closely resemble blackberries, are not aggregate fruit, but are multiple fruits, actually derived from bunches of catkins, each drupelet thus belonging to a different flower. Certain drupes occur in large clusters, as in the case of palm species, where a sizable array of drupes is found in a cluster. Examples of such large drupe clusters include dates, Jubaea chilensisC. Michael Hogan. 2008.
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Hickory nuts (Carya) and walnuts (Juglans) grow within an outer husk; these fruits are sometimes considered to be drupes or drupaceous nuts, rather than true botanical nuts. "Tryma" is a specialized term for such nut-like drupes. The fruits of the Juglandaceae are often confused with drupes but are accessory fruit because the outer covering of the fruit is technically an involucre and thus not morphologically part of the carpel; this means it cannot be a drupe but is instead a drupe-like nut. These odd nuts fall into two different types: in the walnut genus (Juglans), it is a pseudodrupe and in the hickory genus (Carya), it is a tryma.
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When fruiting, the tree is easily identified by masses of orange drupes. The use of a file is recommended to weaken the seed shell, to assist germination.
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Viburnum setigerum is a shrub with opposite, simple leaves, and flexible, arching stems. The flowers are white, borne in spring. Drupes ripen to red in the fall.
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Female flowers can produce fruit without pollination, and are typically the only trees cultivated. The tree stops making leaves when new fruit is growing. The syncarp has up to a thousand densely-packed single-celled carpels that later turn into drupes. The clavate, pentagonal drupes measure up to 12 cm long and have a sharpened base, but typically are 9×1.5 cm, and are a pale blue-green color.
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Anisophyllea species grow as shrubs or trees. The bark is smooth to flaky. The flowers are unisexual. The fruits are drupes (pitted) and are ellipsoid or pear-shaped.
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The fruit of E. strictus superficially resemble stunted cherries. They are drupes measuring 2.5 – 4 mm, are ovoid or globose, shiny, and green to purple-black in coloration.
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The tepals are slightly hairy and dull yellow. Flowering is followed by the development of fruit, which are green or reddish-green oval, glabrous drupes, long and about wide.
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Poison sumac may be identified by its white drupes, which are quite different from the red drupes of true Rhus species. Mowing of sumac is not a good control measure, since the wood is springy, resulting in jagged, sharp- pointed stumps when mown. The plant will quickly recover with new growth after mowing. Goats have long been considered an efficient and quick removal method, as they eat the bark, which helps prevent new shoots.
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Callicarpa formosana Callicarpa formosana is a species of beautyberry. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant. The drupes resembling tiny clusters of berries are light-purple. The flowers are white.
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Flowering occurs mainly from late winter to summer, sometimes in other months. Flowering is followed by fruit which are fleshy green drupes giving the appearance of a bunch of grapes.
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The tip is usually also cleft between the stigmas. The fruit-heads are very variable, but usually stand out by being up to 20 cm wide and containing 100-200 drupes.
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Flowers occur in small groupings of five to seven with individual flowers across. The fruit are drupes, ranging from , each with a single seed in diameter contained within a hard "stone".
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Callicarpa dichotoma, the purple beautyberry or early amethyst, is species of beautyberry. They are cultivated as garden trees. The flowers are pink to white. The berries which are small drupes are purple.
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The flowers have a strong, unpleasant odor. Individual flowers are 4–7 mm wide. The fruits given are berry-like drupes. They are juicy, round, and approximately 4–6 mm in diameter.
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The individual flowers are bisexual, with five pinkish petals, and are followed by drupes, some , with fleshy pulp, which ripen to a yellowish or reddish-brown colour and contain large, hard stones.
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Flowers are subdioecious and fruits are drupes, usually with a 2-locular ovary (one is abortive).Gillett, J.B. 1991. Burseraceae. In: Polhill, R.M. (Ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
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Chalice entire edges, retained. Petals yellow crown. Stamens 5, anthers 1–2 mm long. Pillar short neck, single, Fruit is a drupes, flattened, 5–7 mm long, 5–10 mm wide, with orange to red.
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Flowers are borne in racemes or panicles up to 35 cm long. Drupes are green, drying black, spherical to ellipsoid, up to 25 mm long.Gray, Asa. 1848. Genera Florae Americae Boreali-Orientalis Illustrata 1: 76.
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The members of this subfamily feed largely on fruits, mainly drupes. Both New Zealand pigeons are members of the pigeon genus Hemiphaga (Bonaparte, 1854), which is endemic to the New Zealand archipelago and Norfolk Island.
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The 4 stamens extend beyond the end of the petal tube. Flowering mainly occurs between May and September and is followed by fruits which are nearly spherical drupes in diameter with a glabrous, papery covering.
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Dimocarpus yunnanensis is a species of tree native to China related to the longan. They are usually tall when fully grown. The drupes are small and inedible. They are sometimes grown in gardens as ornamental plants.
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There is a boss of stamens in the centre and there are several pistils. The fruit is an aggregate of several black, fleshy drupes with a bluish waxy bloom. The dewberry flowers from June to September.
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Petals are light pink. Fruits are drupes that first turn red as they mature and then deep purple / black. Pulp staining fingers a deep purple. Seeds are approximately spherical with a diameter of about 5 mm.
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Malpighia emarginata fruit After three years, trees produce significant numbers of bright red drupes in diameter with a mass of . Drupes are in pairs or groups of three, and each contains three triangular seeds. The drupes are juicy and very high in vitamin C (300-4600 mg/100g) and other nutrients. They are divided into three obscure lobes and are usually acidic to subacidic, giving them a sour taste, but may be sweet if grown well. While the nutrient composition depends on the strain and environmental conditions, the most common components of acerola and their concentration ranges, per 1000 g, are: proteins (2.1-8.0 g), lipids (2.3-8.0 g), carbohydrates (35.7-78 g), calcium (117 mg), phosphorus (171 mg), iron (2.4 mg), pyridoxine (87 mg), riboflavin (0.7 mg), thiamine (0.2 mg), water (906-920 g), and dietary fibre (30 g).
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The fruits (drupes) are about in diameter, range in color from bright red to black, and possess a very astringent taste, being both somewhat sour and somewhat bitter. They get darker and marginally sweeter as they ripen.
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Ilex chapaensis is a species of holly native to China. It is a deciduous shrub. The fruits are black when mature. The fruits are drupes which are eaten by civets that disperse the seeds through their droppings.
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The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit which are berry-like drupes. The red fruits of N. caudatum are eaten by humans. The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.
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Soapnut is used with natural dyes to color the yarn of Tasar silk. Sapindus emarginatus leaves, India The drupes (soapnuts) contain saponins, which have surfactant properties, having been used for washing by ancient Asian people and Native Americans.
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Its members have neither dolabriform hairs, nor inqually sized sepals, and always long anther appendages. All species of the H. littoralis-clade occur in Western Australia or Northern Territory. Also four-chambered drupes only occur in this group.
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Female flowers have a short calyx, and a tubular corolla 3 mm long, with lobes shorter than the tube. Female plants produce orange-red ovoid drupes, which are about 8 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length.
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Its drupes are 8–10% oil. The fresh meolo is edible too. The rachis have been used to manufacture arrows and the leaves to make baskets and construct provisional housings. Additionally, Rhynchophorus larva are harvested from the palm.
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The pollination is done by bees and other insects. They have berries named drupes. The seed is a drupe varied in size and shape from oblong to ovate or date shape. The fruit is seated on the perianth tube.
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The drupes' exposed parts are often raised and conical, often covered in cracks and scattered stigmas.Vaughan RE, Wiehe PO (1953) The genus Pandanus in the Mascarene Islands. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 55(356): 1-33.
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Typical drupes include apricots, olives, loquat, peaches, plums, cherries, mangoes, pecans, and amlas (Indian gooseberries). Other examples include sloe (Prunus spinosa) and ivy (Hedera helix).Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968. Excursion Flora of the British Isles.
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Flowering occurs from December to March and is followed by fruit which are yellowish-green, oval-shaped drupes about long and wide. It is sometimes confused with the similar Persoonia chamaepitys, but this latter species has more crowded terete leaves.
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Young plants have large, long rosettes, with longer leaves. Older plants have smaller, shorter rosettes and shorter leaves. The fruit heads are very variable, but are typically rounded and up to 18 cm. Each fruit head has 70 to 95 drupes.
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Once pollinated, the florets develop into achenes or drupes, in which the seeds are enclosed by a layer of endocarp. From this perspective, the fig is an enclosure with tens to thousands of fruits within it.Galil, J. (1977). "Fig biology".
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The fruits are blackish drupes. In Indonesia, the flowers of C. parthenoxylon symbolize love and connection between the living and the dead. Traditionally, in the Kudus Regency on the island of Java, the flowers were scattered on tombs by family members.
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Aphananthe is a small genus of evergreen trees in the family Cannabaceae. Around six species are recognised, found in Madagascar, South-east Asia, Mexico and Australia. Leaves are alternate on the stem and toothed. Flowers are unisexual, fruit form as drupes.
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Callicarpa rubella is a species of beautyberry native to Southeast Asia. It is a shrub that produces pink or purple flowers followed by dark-purple berries. The berries are actually drupes. It is grown in gardens as an ornamental plant.
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Such fruits are often termed "berries", although not botanical berries. Other fleshy fruits may have a stony enclosure that comes from the seed coat surrounding the seed, but such fruits are not drupes. Flowering plants that produce drupes include coffee, jujube, mango, olive, most palms (including açaí, date, sabal, coconut and oil palms), pistachio, white sapote, cashew, and all members of the genus Prunus, including the almond, apricot, cherry, damson, nectarine, and plum. The term drupaceous is applied to a fruit having the structure and texture of a drupe, but which does not precisely fit the definition of a drupe.
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In the pistillate flowers, ovaries are single or sometimes quadri- or quinticelled. One to three styles and one ovule occur in each cavity. Fruits rarely open at maturity and are most often drupes. Seed coats are very thin or are crust- like.
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Daphne gnidium is characterized by upright branches that grow tall. The dense lanceolate leaves are dark green with sticky undersides. It bears white fragrant flowers in late spring or early summer. The fruits are drupes and are round and red, about in diameter.
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Flowers consist of five petals and five sepals. The flowers have a slender tube which expands abruptly. The stamens have short filamens and are inserted in the upper half of the corolla. The fruit is a pair of drupes, originating from each flower.
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The inflorescences are pyramidal panicles clad in yellowish hairs, up to long, growing in the leaf axils. The yellowish-green flowers are unisexual and regular with parts in fours. They are followed by single-seeded drupes, long, which are black when ripe.
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Similar to Pandanus pyramidalis, the joined portion of the drupes inside the fruit-head becomes light-yellow when ripe.Vaughan RE, Wiehe PO (1953) The genus Pandanus in the Mascarene Islands. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 55(356): 1-33.
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When crushed, the fern issues a scent similar to maile. Sometimes, pieces of the fern are interlaced in leis made of strung-up keys (individual drupes) of the pandanus fruit. It is also one of the plants used for scenting kapa fabric.
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The tube is long and the lobes are spreading and long. There are 4 stamens which extend beyond the petals. Flowering occurs from June to November and is followed by wrinkled green or brown fruits which are drupes, long and slightly flattened.
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The dull white to yellow flowers are monoecious, and have a strong, unpleasant odour. They are borne in terminal spikes or short panicles. The fruits are smooth ellipsoid to ovoid drupes, yellow to orange- brown in colour, with a single angled stone.
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Fruits are fleshy drupes up to 7 mm (0.3 inches) across, red at first then turning black.Schlechtendal, Diederich Franz Leonhard von, & Chamisso, Ludolf Karl Adelbert von. Plantarum Mexicanarum a Cel Viris Schiede et Deppe Collectarum Recensio Brevis. Linnaea 6(3): 385-430. 1831.
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Arctostaphylos hookeri is a low shrub which is variable in appearance and has several subspecies. These are generally mat-forming plants or low bushes with small green leaves, dense inflorescences of white to pink flowers, and shiny egg-shaped or round red drupes.
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The small, yellowish green flowers are produced in autumn, in axillary and terminal panicles of umbels. The oval flower petals have an intricate estivation. The superior ovary is 1 or 2-locular, and much compressed laterally. The purplish drupes appear in winter.
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Fruits ripen towards the end of the next summer. They consist of subspherical yellow brownish drupes, 1 to 2 cm wide, with a thin fleshy mesocarp and a fibrous endocarp. Caranday is monoecious, a feature common to the conifers but rare in angiosperms.Molnar, Sebastian. 2004.
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The central style is surrounded by four yellow anthers which are attached to the tepals with tips rolled back, so that they resembles a cross when viewed end-on. Flowering occurs from September to November and is followed by fruit which are smooth green drupes.
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The anthers are fused to the tepals and unlike those in most other persoonias, are joined from base to tip. Flowering occurs from July to January and is followed by fruit which are smooth, oval shaped drupes containing a nut-like pyrene long and wide.
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Drupes of Pandanus palustris (far right). Illustration from 1836-7. A tall (8–10 m), erect, solitary tree, with a large, dense rosette of slender, drooping, pale-green leaves. The leaf margins are completely lined with tiny cream coloured spines, that often develop brown tips.
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Coscinium fenestratum is a sturdy woody climber with leathery, shiny leaves and bright yellow sap. It is dioecious, flowering and fruiting in August to October. The fruits consists of one or two drupes up to across. The plant has a generation span of 25 years.
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Does well beneath trees as it thrives in shade and dry areas. No special feeding is required and plants tend to grow into desirable bush shapes with very little pruning. For the best crop of drupes, plant a male plant among every six female plants.
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The coppersmith barbet prefers banyan, peepul, and other wild figs, various drupes and berries, and the occasional insect, caught in aerial sallies. It also feeds on flower petals. It eats nearly 1.5 to nearly 3 times its own body weight in berries each day.
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White flowers in clusters of 2–4 appear in the spring. The edible fruits are red or yellow drupes with white dots, reportedly sweet and pleasant tasting. The species grows in upland forests and near streams.Flora of North America, Prunus hortulana L. H. Bailey, 1892.
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The fragrant flowers are borne on branching peduncles. They have white petals, held within a green calyx which turns red as the fruits ripen. The fruits (drupes) are white, changing to bright blue and eventually dark blue on maturity. They contain the novel blue pigment trichotomine.
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Kibara coriacea grows as a shrub or tree measuring up to tall with a diameter of up to . The smooth bark is pale grey. The ovoid fruits are drupes (pitted), ripen to deep blue, purple or black, and measure up to long. The fruits are considered edible.
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However, the exposed tip of each drupe is flattened (the areole) and - unlike Pandanus heterocarpus - without any corky margins. The basal joined portions of the drupes become light yellow when the fruit is ripe.Vaughan, R.E. and Wiehe, P.O. 1953. The genus Pandanus in the Mascarene Islands.
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Drupes are orange, yellow or red, juicy, egg-shaped, about 7 mm in diameter, and edible by humans and wildlife.Emory, William Hemsley. Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Botany 2(1): 203. 1859. \- Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2014.
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Peacock-pheasants are highly invertivorous, taking isopods, earwigs, insect larvae, mollusks, centipedes and termites as well as small frogs, drupes, seeds and berries. They are strictly monogamous, renesting yearly. The female usually lays up to two eggs. Both parents rearing chicks for up to two years.
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Triunia is a genus of medium to tall shrubs or small trees found as understorey plants in rainforests of eastern Australia. Members of the plant family Proteaceae, they are notable for their poisonous fleshy fruits or drupes. Only one species, T. youngiana, is commonly seen in cultivation.
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The trunk can reach a diameter of up to 30 cm (12 inches). Leaves are pinnately compound with 5-9 leaflets, with short hairs on both sides. Drupes are egg-shaped and somewhat flattened.Rose, Joseph Nelson 1911. North American Flora 25: 253-254 as Elaphrium laxiflorumWatson, Sereno 1889.
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The inconspicuous, small, greenish, star-like flowers appear in early spring (August to October). Male and female flowers are separate, but they are produced on the same tree. Various insects pollinate them, particularly honeybees. From October to February, following flowering, the rounded, berry-like fruit (botanically speaking drupes) appear.
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The creamy-white flowers in autumn are followed by bright red drupes around 3 cm in length in late winter. The fruit are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked. The fruits are rich in antioxidants. Swamp maire is sold for use in gardens as an ornamental plant.
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The plants are monoecious, or dioecious, and the fruits are indehiscent drupes or nuts. The underground portion, which attaches itself to the host, looks like a tuber, and is not a proper root system. The plants contain no chlorophyll. Balanophora means "bearing an acorn" (shape of the female inflorescence).
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Ecography 27 137-44. Birds consume the drupes of the mistletoe and excrete or regurgitate the seeds onto the branches of the host plant. The seeds do not need to be ingested to germinate. Germinating seeds produce a radicle, a holdfast, and eventually the germinated seeds produce haustoria.
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Flowers are small, 4–8 mm diameter, each with four purplish-brown petals; 10-30 are in loose cymes. Fruit are red drupes about 1 cm in diameter.Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 222, 桃叶珊瑚属 tao ye shan hu shu, Aucuba Thunberg, Nov. Gen.
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The hairy-breasted barbet usually feeds singly or in a pair. Its diet consists of fruits, including drupes and berries, along with insects, such as beetles and caterpillars. It has been observed to remove wings and legs from insects by bashing them on branches. It sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks.
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Like most members of the Moraceae, Dorstenia species have drupe like fruits that are embedded in the receptable. However, a special feature of Dorstenia drupes is that they explode to release and scatter the seeds by way of a centrifugal mechanism. The stone seeds are usually small with a minuscule endosperm.
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Flowering: February–April, July–August. The fruits are cream to brownish yellow drupes, slightly angled, in diameter with a short apiculate tip. Leaves and fruits, and other parts of the plant, contain aromatic oils with a resinous scent. In Sri Lanka, the flowering time is February–April and July–August.
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The flowers are fragile and sometimes fall from the rachis at the slightest touch. The fruits, five small eliptic, fleshy, purple black drupes, 0.8-1.5 cm long, replace the flower and turn red as they mature. Every fruit contains one small seedling. All parts of Q. amara contain the bitter Quassimarin.
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Most often they are pollinated by birds or insects, with a few species pollinated by wind. Ripe fruits may be fleshy or dry. They may be nuts, berries, drupes, schizocarps, capsules (Bridgesia), or samaras (Acer). The embryos are bent or coiled, without endosperm in the seed, and frequently with an aril.
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It is a tree that reaches a height of up to . The ovate to elliptic leaves are long and have orange petioles. Small white flowers are produced throughout the year on hanging axillary and terminal racemes and panicles in length. The fruit are red to black subglobose drupes in diameter.
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In Costa Rica the flowering period of Q.amara arises between October and April, whereas in central Panama the flowering period occurs from October to January. The fruits ripen after two months. In February and early March, there is a peak of fruit ripening. The drupes show different colors during the ripening process.
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The fruit of G. undata is classified as a drupe, and a single inflorescence bears many drupes. The fruit size is 5 to 15 mm long and about 12 mm in diameter. The surface of the fruit is bumpy and black when ripe. It has an ovoid shape with a pointed apex.
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Prunus is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes the fruits plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, and almonds. Native to the northern temperate regions, 430 different species are classified under Prunus. Many members of the genus are widely cultivated for their fruit and for decorative purposes. Prunus fruit are drupes, or stone fruits.
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The flowers are hermaphroditic or unisexual; in the latter case, the male and female flowers show differences associated with the timing of pollination. They are very small (1 or 2 mm), with four yellow-green tepals and four stamens. Flowering period extends from March to June. The fruits are small, red, fleshy drupes, in diameter.
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The central style is surrounded by four yellow anthers which are also joined at the base with the tips rolled back, so that it resembles a cross when viewed end-on. Flowering occurs in January and February in the species' native range and is followed by purple-striped fleshy green fruits known as drupes.
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The apical half of the male petals is divided into linear fringes. The male flowers have 8 stamens with 0.7-1 millimeter long filaments and 0.33 millimeter long anthers. Its smooth, leathery, black fruit are 3.5-4 by 2.5-3 centimeter drupes with one seed. Its thin-shelled seeds are 1.5-2 by 2 centimeters.
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Trees can reach heights of up to and come with alternate, compound leaves. The leaves have four elliptic leaflets which are long and wide. They are typically dioecious plants, however polygamous trees occur from time to time. Flowers have four petals and eight stamens and produce void, green drupes which are long and wide.
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Staghorn sumac grows as female or male clones. Small, greenish-white through yellowish flowers occur in dense terminal panicles, and small, green through reddish drupes occur in dense infructescences. Flowers occur from May through July and fruit ripens from June through September in this species’ native range. Infructescences are long and broad at their bases.
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Crossopetalum taxa are shrubs or trees, with opposite or whorled persistent leaves with petiole and stipules. Inflorescences are axillary, regrouping white, pale green, reddish, or purplish radially symmetric flowers, with four sepals, four petals, and a four-carpellate pistil. Intrastaminal nectaries are annular and fleshy. Fruits are red drupes, with one-two seeds per fruit.
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The petal tube is lilac-coloured, purple, blue or sometimes white, and faintly spotted purple inside the tube. The 4 stamens are fully enclosed in the petal tube. Flowering occurs from April to December and is followed by the fruits which are oval-shaped to almost spherical, glabrous, reddish-brown to blackish-brown drupes.
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One distinctive character of many buckthorns is the way the veination curves upward towards the tip of the leaf. The plant bears fruits which are black or red berry-like drupes. The name is due to the woody spine on the end of each twig in many species. One species is known to have potential to be used medicinally.
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Male flowers have five stamens and five tepals, and are clustered in dense balls with an involucre of 7–8 bracts. Female inflorescences are reduced to one flower with a trilocular ovary, surrounded by bracts. Fruits are drupes in diameter, green to yellow, and brown when ripe. They contain a sweet, sticky mesocarp and three seeds.
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It grows to a height of , spreading to a diameter of and has a life span of about five years. This Scaevola likes full sun and harsh, dry, and windy locations. It flowers all year round with flowers which are weakly fragrant, and vary in colour from dark yellow, brownish-yellow to pinkish. The drupes are small and purple.
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Callicarpa japonica, commonly known as East Asian beautyberry or Japanese beautyberry, is a plant in the mint family. It is a deciduous shrub, that is most notable for producing purple drupes (its "berries") in the fall. The flowers can range from pink to white. This species is native to China, Japan, Korea, Ryukyu Islands, and Taiwan.
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C. alba is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental for its dark green, evergreen foliage and white drupes. It is used in espalier and grown on trellises. The roots have several uses in herbal medicine, including as a laxative, diuretic, emetic, and antidiarrhoeal. The plant was sold commercially in Europe and the United States for those purposes at one time.
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This species is deciduous, with a period of leaf fall between November and December, and a period of regrowth of leaves between January and February. Flowering begins in late February. The species is monoecious, male flowers are hanging catkins and female ones are erect, both are small and greenish. The fruits are drupes with yellow epicarp and abundant pubescence.
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Records of spider parasites in New Zealand. The Wētā 54:65-72.P. monachus prefers spiders which make lidless burrows in the soil.T.E.R:R.A.I.N - Taranaki Educational Resource: Research, Analysis and Information Network As adults, the wasp will feed on fruit and nectar from a variety of available plants such as Leptospermum scoparium (flowers) and Pennantia corymbos (drupes).
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A superior ovary is an ovary attached to the receptacle above the attachment of other floral parts. A superior ovary is found in types of fleshy fruits such as true berries, drupes, etc. A flower with this arrangement is described as hypogynous. Examples of this ovary type include the legumes (beans and peas and their relatives).
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There are six staminodes, three stamens, and a simple pistil that consists of one carpel. Pollination is done by bees and other insects. The fruits are drupes, varying in size and shape from oblong to ovate or sub-cylindrical to asymmetric elongated or rounded. They are 8–13 cm long, 4–5 cm in diameter, and weigh 90g-170g.
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Pollination Bird cherries (drupes) A bird-cherry tree in full bloom The flowers are hermaphroditic and pollinated by bees and flies. The fruit is readily eaten by birds, which do not taste astringency as unpleasant. Bird- cherry ermine moth (Yponomeuta evonymella) uses bird-cherry as its host plant, and the larvae can eat single trees leafless.
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Immature flowers Fruit The drupes are green, globose in shape, turning bright red at maturity in late summer; each fruit is 5 mm in diameter and contains typically one or two ellipsoid-ovoid shaped stones. The fruits, coming into season in late summer, are edible but not appetizing. The large seeds within are somewhat hard and crunchy.
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The shrub grows from 1 to 2 m tall. Its branches are a reddish or grayish-brown color, and its drupes are dark red. It flowers from spring through early summer, and bears fruit from summer through autumn. It is often found in forests, shrubby slopes, valleys, and roadsides at altitudes of 300 to 1500 m.
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The Nature Conservancy This is a small, twisting manzanita with blood red to gray bark and glandular bristles on its branches. The leaves are light, dull green, glandular and hairy or bristly. The small flowers are rounded and milky white, less often pale pink, and bunched densely in inflorescences. The fruits are fuzzy drupes around a centimeter in diameter.
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Most of the Lauraceae are evergreen trees in habit. Exceptions include some two dozen species of Cassytha, all of which are obligately parasitic vines. The fruits of Lauraceae are drupes, one-seeded fleshy fruit with a hard layer, the endocarp, surrounding the seed. However, the endocarp is very thin, so the fruit resemble a one-seeded berry.
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Viburnum dilatatum, commonly known as linden arrowwood or linden viburnum, is a deciduous shrub in the moschatel family (Adoxaceae). It is native to eastern Asia, and can be found as an introduced plant in the mid-Atlantic regions in the U.S from New York to Virginia. Linden arrowwood is known for the clusters of red drupes it produces when it is mature.
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In the photograph on the right, stages of flowering and fruit development in the noni or Indian mulberry (Morinda citrifolia) can be observed on a single branch. First an inflorescence of white flowers called a head is produced. After fertilization, each flower develops into a drupe, and as the drupes expand, they become connate (merge) into a multiple fleshy fruit called a syncarp.
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The central style is surrounded by four white anthers which are also joined at the base with the tips rolled back, so that they resemble a cross when viewed end-on. The ovary at the base of the style is glabrous. Flowering occurs in summer and is followed by fruit which are green, oval-shaped drupes about long and wide.
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During the month of May, all the people of the islands of Tokelau assembled at Fakaofo, and prepared a feast, and prayed to Tui Tokelau to protect them. This ceremony represented the new year. The ceremonial proceedings during May included offerings of fish, coconuts and pandanus drupes. A fire was lit in the temple, and the people danced during the night.
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Many species have seeds with elaiosomes that are dispersed by ants; the seeds with wings or thistledown exhibit anemochory, while the drupes and other fleshy fruit exhibit endozoochory as mammals and birds ingest them. Some African and Australian rodents are known to accumulate fruit and seeds of these plants in their nests in order to feed on them, although some manage to germinate.
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Cornus controversa (wedding cake tree), syn. Swida controversa, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Cornus of the dogwood family Cornaceae, native to China, Korea, the Himalayas and Japan. It is a deciduous tree growing to , with multiple tiered branches. Flat panicles of white flowers (cymes to wide) appear in summer, followed by globose black fruit (drupes to ).
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A tall species, reaching up to 15 meters in height. Its horizontal branches end in rosettes of tapering leaves. This species can be distinguished by the white or brown spines on its leaves, and by its fruit-heads which hang on strongly recurved stalks. Each fruit-head has 100-150 5.6 cm drupes, which each protrude in a glossy green "pyramid".
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The flowers are yellow-green, not showy, and occur in tight groups along new stems. They give rise to small, ovate, wingless drupes that ripen in late summer to autumn. The drupe is green maturing to brown, subsessile and in diameter. To identify Zelkova serrata, one would look for a short main trunk, low branching and a vase-shaped habit.
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Anacua is a partial evergreen, replacing some of the leaves in early spring. Abundant white flowers form in panicles or cymes in length at the ends of twigs, making trees appear to be covered in snow when in bloom from spring to summer. Flowers are wide and have 5 corolla lobes. The fruits are spherical drupes 8 mm in diameter and yellowish-orange.
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The Arctostaphylos klamathensis is a low-lying, matted shrub forming tangles and mounds no taller than one half meter. Its foliage and twigs are coated with glandular bristles. The leaves are dull, rough, and up to 3.5 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a rounded cluster of manzanita flowers, and it bears spherical drupes with seeds fused into a single hard body.
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The flowers are white, and have five stamens, of which only one is fertile. It produces obliquely subrotund drupes as fruit, these are 8 to 9 cm in diameter and have a thin layer of fibrous flesh. The seeds, like a walnut, have a very irregularly lobed and folded surface. It grows in lowlands on river banks or in swamp forests.
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Fruit heads This small species grows to 5 meters in height, and grows relatively few branches, at an acute angle from its smooth trunk. The fruit heads are small (diameter 7–12 cm), rounded and each bears only 15-45 drupes. The exposed tip of each drupe is a smooth, rounded shape, and it ripens to a uniform, dark red colour.
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Sideroxylon grandiflorum, known as tambalacoque or dodo tree, is a long-lived tree in the family Sapotaceae, endemic to Mauritius. It is valued for its timber. The Sideroxylon grandiflorum fruit is analogous to the peach. They are both termed drupes because both have a hard endocarp, or pit, surrounding the seed, with the endocarp naturally splitting along a fracture line during germination.
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The leaves are also reduplicate and have a blunt tip. It has numerous stilt-roots, along the trunk and also along the branches, even as far as the tips. This species is most easily distinguished by its fruit-head, which has pale blue-green drupes that each have a corky tip.Vaughan RE, Wiehe PO (1953) The genus Pandanus in the Mascarene Islands.
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Flowering Prunus dulcis var. amara, the bitter almond tree The Bitter Almond (Prunus dulcis var. amara), despite growing plentifully around the Algarve region, was never commonly harvested or consumed. This was due not only to its remarkably bitter flavour, but also to the high concentration of cyanide in its drupes, which can cause severe or even lethal effects if ingested in large amounts.
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The flowers are typically 5-merous with large, white petals and light green sepals, borne in mid-spring. Second-year plants are also capable of growing the fruit which gives the plant's common name, the blackberry. The fruits are compound drupes which change from bright red to black at maturity. Each section (drupelet) of a blackberry contains a single seed.
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Ilex amelanchier, the swamp holly or sarvis holly, is a rare species of holly from the southeastern United States. It is a close relative of mountain holly (Ilex mucronata) which used to be placed in a monotypic genus Nemopanthus. Ilex amelanchier grows near water, for example on streambanks. The dull red drupes appear in October to November, and may persist until the following spring.
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The leathery leaves are fascicled and about 25 mm in length with very short petioles. Like most Grewias its leaves are markedly 3-veined from the base; leaf margins are bluntly toothed or crenate to almost entire. Flowers are small, bright pink and fragrant. The hairy fruits are fleshy drupes some 20 mm across, reddish brown when ripe and either entire or deeply 2- to 4-lobed.
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Birds consume the seeds from the fruit of P. tomentosum, also called drupes, and excrete or regurgitate the seeds onto the branches of which the birds perch. The most important birds for effective dispersal include cedar waxwings, euphonias, silky flycatcher, bluebirds, thrushes, robins, and solitaires.Geils, B.W., Wiens, D., Hawksworth, F. G. Phoradendron in Mexico and the United States. USDA Forest Service Gen Tech. Rep.
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Female flowers have a superior ovary, usually of many carpels in a ring, but may be reduced to a row of carpels or a single carpel. Fruits are berries or drupes, usually multiple. Pandanaceae includes five genera: Benstonea, Freycinetia, Martellidendron, Pandanus, and Sararanga. Benstonea (as subgenus "Acrostigma") and Martellidendron were formerly considered subgenera of Pandanus, but were recognized as distinct genera based on DNA sequencing.
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E. bancroftii is a tree growing up to and a bole diameter of with bushy dark green foliage. Like many other trees in the genus, the leaves turn bright red before falling. The flowers are large and showy, occurring from March to June, and are followed by large, dull grey/green, globular drupes about in diameter containing a single seed with a very hard, thick endocarp.
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Viburnum dentatum, southern arrowwood or arrowwood viburnum or roughish arrowwood, is a small shrub, native to the Eastern United States and Canada from Maine south to Northern Florida and Eastern Texas. Like most Viburnum, it has opposite, simple leaves and fruit in berry-like drupes. Foliage turns yellow to red in late fall. Localized variations of the species are common over its entire geographic range.
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Because, these macaques have very little fear for humans and their companions-the dogs. Cheek pouches enable toque macaques to store enough food while eating fast. In the dry zone, they are known to eat drupes of understory shrub Zizyphus, ripe fruits of Ficus, and Cordia species. They occasionally eat many small animals ranging from small insects to mammals like indian palm squirrels and Vandeleuria oleracea.
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The term "drupaceous" is used of fruits that have the general structure and texture of a drupe, without necessarily meeting the full definition. Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that lack the stony endocarp include sea- buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides, Elaeagnaceae), which is an achene, surrounded by a swollen hypanthium that provides the fleshy layer. Fruits of Coffea species are described as either drupes or berries.
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The fruit are drupes, a drupe borne on a pedicel with or without persistent tepals at its base, or is seated in a deeply cup-shaped receptacle (cupule), or is enclosed in an accrescent floral tube. The fruit contains one seed without an endosperm. The fruit are poisonous to humans but have medicinal properties. The parasite vine, Cassytha is sometimes placed in its own family, Cassythaceae.
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It can be distinguished from many of its closest relatives by its small, round fruit-head (15 cm), which is partially enclosed in protective bracts . The 125-150 drupes in the fruit-head do not protrude from the surface, but are a bit compressed, with flat stigmas, and exposed tips that are flat and angular. Its leaves are rigid and curved upwards, with abrupt, acute tips.
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L. benzoin showing drupes and leaves Spicebush is a deciduous shrub growing to tall. It has a colonial nature and often reproduces by root sprouting, forming clumps or thickets. The leaves are alternately arranged on the stem, simple, long and broad, oval or broadest beyond the middle of the leaf. They have a smooth edge with no teeth and are dark green above and paler below.
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In its natural habitat, D. fumatus is a mid-canopy tropical forest tree, growing up to 35 m tall and 0.6 m dbh. Stipules are absent; leaves are alternate, compound, with leaflets pinnately-veined and usually glabrous, sometimes with toothed margins. Flowers are about 4 mm in diameter, white-yellowish, in panicles. Fruits are drupes which are 20–25 mm long, green-yellowish and slightly warty.
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The stem is hollow and the leaves are long, borne in whorls of four on very short petioles. The inflorescence is huge, consisting of many tubular snow white flowers in a terminal cluster up to long. The tubes of the flowers are about long and droop downward, and the expanded corollas are about across. The fruits are attractive dark metallic blue drupes, about in diameter.
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Viburnum rafinesqueanum, the downy arrowwood, is a deciduous medium-sized (typically about 2 meters tall) shrub native to the Eastern United States and Canada from Quebec and Manitoba south to Georgia and west to Oklahoma. Downy arrow-wood produces ornamental but slightly malodorous flowers in Spring. Viburnum rafinesqueanum has opposite, simple leaves and dark blue fruit in berry-like drupes. Foliage turns orange-red in late fall.
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This species is most easily distinguished by its pale, 16 cm, rounded, club-like fruit-head. This is born on a bract-lined peduncle, and is regularly packed with 100-125 domed angular drupes, with deep brown cracks at their tips.Vaughan RE, Wiehe PO (1953) The genus Pandanus in the Mascarene Islands. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 55(356): 1-33.
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The small flowers are white and fragrant. Ripe and unripe fruits It is a small tree, growing 4–6 m (13–20 feet) tall, with a trunk up to diameter. The aromatic leaves are pinnate, with 11–21 leaflets, each leaflet long and broad. The plant produces small white flowers which can self-pollinate to produce small shiny-black drupes containing a single, large viable seed.
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There are three other known species within the genus Cyathodes. Cyathodes platystoma (a threatened species), has the largest leaves and is only found in wet sclerophyll forests of the Tasman Peninsula. Cyathodes straminea looks very similar to C. glauca although has smaller leaves, dark red drupes and is only found above 1100m. Other recognisable members of the family Ericaceae include blueberries, cranberries and rhododendrons.
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The bark was traditionally used by Aboriginal people to soak fishing lines and toughen them. Drupes were eaten by indigenous people on the Beecroft Peninsula, though were not as highly regarded as those of P. lanceolata. P. laurina is an attractive plant with horticultural potential. Cultivating it would most likely require good water drainage, a position in sun or dappled shade and acidic soil.
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In China the nominate variety grows as shrub or small tree, some 2 to 8 m tall. Its light olive to greyish-green leaves are elliptic, oblong-elliptic, oblong- lanceolate, even obovate, some 3.5-13 cm by 1.5-4.5 cm in size. The inflorescences grow terminally or axillary. The drupes are a laterally compressed ellipsoid shape, 5-6 by 4-6 mm in size.
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The gum from bark wounds is aromatic and can be chewed as a substitute for chewing gum. Medicine can be prepared from the stalks (peduncles) of the drupes that is astringent, antitussive, and diuretic. A green dye can also be prepared from the plant. Wild cherry is used extensively in Europe for the afforestation of agricultural land and it is also valued for wildlife and amenity plantings.
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Myoporum betcheanum, commonly known as mountain boobialla is a plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae. It is a shrub or small tree with long, narrow leaves that are a darker green on their upper surface than the lower. Its flowers have five white petals and are arranged in small groups in the leaf axils. The fruits which follow are more or less spherical, soft, cream coloured drupes.
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Diagram of a typical drupe (peach), showing both fruit and seed nectarine) type of peach (Prunus persica) over a -month period, from bud formation in early winter to fruit ripening in midsummer In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the pit, stone, or pyrene) of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside. These fruits usually develop from a single carpel, and mostly from flowers with superior ovaries (polypyrenous drupes are exceptions). The definitive characteristic of a drupe is that the hard, "lignified" stone (sometimes called "pit") is derived from the ovary wall of the flower. In an aggregate fruit, which is composed of small, individual drupes (such as a raspberry), each individual is termed a drupelet, and may together form an aggregate fruit.
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Legume of Vicia angustifolia The ovary most typically develops into a legume. A legume is a simple dry fruit that usually dehisces (opens along a seam) on two sides. A common name for this type of fruit is a "pod", although that can also be applied to a few other fruit types. A few species have evolved samarae, loments, follicles, indehiscent legumes, achenes, drupes, and berries from the basic legume fruit.
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They are borne in panicles. They have four curled-back petals and two high stamens with yellow or red anthers, between which is the low pistil; the petals and stamens fall off after the flower is fertilized, leaving the pistil in the calyx tube. Flowering starts after 330 growing degree days. The fruits, borne in clusters, are small purple to black drupes, poisonous for humans but readily eaten by many birds.
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They are radially or (rarely) laterally symmetric, and generally hermaphroditic. They have four or five petals and sepals, sometimes three, mostly separate, eight to ten stamen (five in Skimmia, many in Citrus), usually separate or in several groups. Usually a single stigma with 2 to 5 united carpels, sometimes ovaries separate but styles combined. The fruit of the Rutaceae are very variable: berries, drupes, hesperidia, samaras, capsules, and follicles all occur.
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The 5-petaled flowers are white or whitish-green, pendulous, about 1 cm across, and often appear in late winter before the leaves. The bitter-tasting fruit occurs in ovoid drupes up to long, orange or yellow when young but blue-black when mature; borne on a red stem. The twig is slender, green turning to reddish brown, pith chambered, conspicuous orange lenticles. Bark is smooth, reddish brown to dark gray.
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The leathery dark green leaves are an inch long and have rounded tips tapering back to the base. In fall, the leaves begin changing from a dark green to a reddish-green to purple, becoming pale on the underside. Terminal clusters of small urn- shaped flowers bloom from May to June. The flowers are white to pink, and bear round, fleshy or mealy, bright red to pink fruits called drupes.
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Within this, the central style is surrounded by the anther, which splits into four segments; these curl back and resemble a cross when viewed from above. They provide a landing area for insects attending to the stigma, which is located at the tip of the style. Flowers are followed by the development of the fleshy purple-striped green drupes. These are long by wide, with the remnant style at the end.
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They turn from reddish to green until the reach a black color. The best germination results were obtained with seeds from drupes that are just before becoming totally black. Not only the color but also the size of the fruits are indicators for the viability of a seed. Fruits with a size between 1 and 1.5 cm are suitable for reproduction and they can be easily detached from the receptacle.
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Black walnut drupes contain juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), plumbagin (yellow quinone pigments), and tannin. These compounds cause walnuts to stain cars, sidewalks, porches, and patios, in addition to the hands of anyone attempting to shell them. The brownish-black dye was used by early American settlers to dye hair. According to Eastern Trees in the Petersen Guide series, black walnuts make a yellowish- brown dye, not brownish-black.
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They eat fruits of trees and lianas, rarely those of herbs or shrubs. The diet is mostly composed of small (<1 cm diameter), many seeded, pulpy berries, and drupes with moderate to high water content, along with several large (>2 cm) fruits like Palaquium ellipticum, Elaeocarpus serratus, Holigarna nigra, and Knema attenuata. They have also been recorded feeding on flowers such as those of Cullenia exarillata and Syzygium species.
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The superb fruit dove feeds primarily upon fruits and berries. In the Port Moresby area, the bulk of its diet was found to consist of figs, notably Ficus albipila and Ficus benjamina, Canarium australianum drupes, and Archontophoenix, Calamus and Livistona palm fruit. Also frequently eaten were the fruits of various cinnamon trees, Litsea, Neolitsea and Cryptocarya. Less important food were fruits of Ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata), Syzygium, and Vitex cofassus.
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The types of fleshy fruits are berries, pomes, and drupes. In berries, the entire pericarp is fleshy but this excludes the exocarp which acts as more as a skin. There are berries that are known as pepo, a type of berry with an inseparable rind, or hesperidium, which has a separable rind. An example of a pepo is the cucumber and a lemon would be an example of a hesperidium.
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Leaves of M. coccigera Malpighia coccigera is a species of flowering plant in the family Malpighiaceae, that is native to the Caribbean. It is commonly known as Singapore holly or dwarf holly due to the shape of its leaves, but is not a true holly (genus Ilex). Its white flowers are followed by red berries, which are technically drupes. The fruit are favorite by birds that disperse the seeds through droppings.
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Ehretia microphylla is a shrub growing to 4 m height, with long, straggling, slender branches. It is deciduous during the dry season. Its leaves are usually 10–50 mm long and 5–30 mm wide, and may vary in size, texture, colour and margin. It has small white flowers 8–10 mm in diameter with a 4–5 lobed corolla, and drupes 4–6 mm in diameter, ripening brownish orange.
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The terebinth is a deciduous flowering plant belonging to the cashew family, Anacardiaceae; a small tree or large shrub, it grows to tall. The leaves are compound, long, odd pinnate with five to eleven opposite glossy oval leaflets, the leaflets long and broad. The flowers are reddish-purple, appearing with the new leaves in early spring. The fruit consists of small, globular drupes long, red to black when ripe.
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The boundary between a drupe and a berry is not always clear. Thus, some sources describe the fruit of species of the genus Persea, which includes the avocado, as a drupe, others describe avocado fruit as a berry. One definition of berry requires the endocarp to be less than thick, other fruits with a stony endocarp being drupes. In marginal cases, terms such as drupaceous or drupe-like may be used.
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The leaves are oval-shaped to nearly round, and flat, shiny, and smooth. They are 6 centimeters long and four wide at maximum. The plentiful flowers are white to pink and urn-shaped, each with five small lobes at the mouth of the corolla, hanging in bunches. The fruits are dark brown drupes nearly a centimeter wide, each containing about five hard-coated seeds that can be fused.
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Andira is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is distributed in the tropical Americas, except for A. inermis, which also occurs in Africa. It was formerly assigned to the tribe Dalbergieae, but recent molecular phylogenetic evidence has placed it in a unique clade named the Andira clade. Compared to other Faboideae the genus has unusual systems of root nodules and fruits, which are drupes.
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The plant grows upright with a rounded habit, oppositely arranged leaves, and terminally born flowers. The white flowers are small, with four petals long, and clustered together in rounded clusters wide called diachasial cymes, produced sometime between May and July. After flowering, green fruits (drupes) are produced, and they ripen and turn white from August to October. The flowers and fruit are attached to the plant by bright red pedicels.
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Trees are usually pruned to size to make the harvest easier. One male tree produces enough pollen for eight to twelve drupe-bearing females. Harvesting in the United States and in Greece is often accomplished using equipment to shake the drupes off the tree. After hulling and drying, pistachios are sorted according to open-mouth and closed-mouth shells, then roasted or processed by special machines to produce pistachio kernels.
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The 1-seeded berries have often been mistaken for drupes whenever the seed coat was mistaken for an endocarp. When using a key to the families of flowering plants, Thymelaeaceae are often difficult or impossible to recognize because of equivocal interpretation of the flower parts. Sepals, petals, and staminodes are hard to distinguish, and many keys are ambiguous about whether staminodes should be counted as stamens. Moreover, in Wikstroemia, individual plants often produce anomalous flowers.
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Hillier Nurseries, The Hillier Manual of Trees and Shrubs, David & Charles, 1998, p618 The leaves are longer than the leaves of the commonly cultivated S.confusaHaw, S. G., Broad-leaved Evergreens, Guild of Master Craftsman Publications Ltd., 2000, p105 and broader than S. hookeriana. The pink-tinged white flowers are inconspicuous but sweetly scented, and appear along the branches in midwinter, their scent most noticeable during mild spells. The small fruits (drupes) are black.
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Wild Olive (Cordia boissieri), FM 1017, Jim Hogg County, Texas, USA (10 April 2016) Cordia boissieri reaches a height of , with a symmetrical round crown in diameter. The ovate leaves are long and wide. It is evergreen but will lose leaves if it suffers frost damage The white, funnel-shaped flowers are across and are present on the tree throughout the year. The drupes are yellow-green, olive-like, and in length.
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It produces yellow flowers in clusters in March or April before the leaves emerge, before anthesis.(1.) Pistillate (female) plants bear hairy red drupes in July or August that can last until the next March if not eaten by birds or small mammals. The leaves and stems of fragrant sumac have a citrus fragrance when crushed, hence the species name. Leaves resemble those of its relative poison ivy, but fragrant sumac is not poisonous.
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The tetracarpelar gynoecium has a superior ovary, globose and with marginal placentation. Styles about 0.8–0.9 mm, little papillose stigmas, the fruit is made up of globose 1–4 drupes (mostly one) about 1.8–2.5 wide and 1.2–2 cm long, greenish-yellow with dark dots. The glossy dark brown seeds are aovate about 0.8–1.5 cm with toothed edge and oblong shaped, the leaves are petiolate, yellowish-green, about 3–6 cm long.
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Three to twelve small tubelike flowers arise along stalks up to 3.7 cm long. These are followed by the development of fleshy fruit known as drupes which are ripe from September to December. Leucopogon amplexicaulis ranges from the Sydney Basin south to Shoalhaven on the New South Wales South Coast. It is found on sandstone soils in sclerophyll forest, where it grows in sheltered locations on sandstone outcrops and platforms, often near natural seepage.
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There are several different kinds of fruits which are commonly called berries, but are not botanical berries. Blackberries, raspberries, and strawberries are kinds of aggregate fruit; they contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower. In aggregate fruits like blackberries, the individual "fruitlets" making up the fruit can be clearly seen. The fruits of blackthorn may be called "sloe berries", but botanically are small stone fruits or drupes, like plums or apricots.
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These are usually only 75 cm long and 6 cm wide, folded length-wise (reduplicate), stiff, erect, and have an abrupt, obtuse leaf-tip. The reddish spines are closely set along the margins of the leaves. The small (7–8 cm) fruit-head is held erect on a short peduncle, and enclosed in three-ranked (trifarious) bracts. Each fruit- head is packed with 200-220 small, unilocular drupes, with slightly convex tips.
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Its larvae are parasitoids of other insects - possibly pests of the plant, but this is not known for sure. Several species, namely phalsa, are known for their edible fruit, which are of local commercial importance. The astringent and refreshing Grewia drupes are particularly popular in summertime. Folk medicine makes use of some species, which are reputed to cure upset stomachs and some skin and intestinal infections, and seem to have mild antibiotic properties.
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The inflorescences are 2 to 3 cm long, and sometimes inserted a little above leaf axil. The flowers have stalks which are 0.5 to 1 mm long, while the calyx 1 to 1.5 mm long, and the purple or mauve corolla is 2 to 3 mm long.. It produces whitish to purple berries that are drupes. It is grown as an ornamental shrub. The fruit is astringent and too acidic to be eaten by people.
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The flower is composed of four hairy tepals long, which are fused at the base but with the tips rolled back. The central style is surrounded by four yellow anthers which are also joined at the base with the tips rolled back, so that it resembles a cross when viewed end-on. The ovary and tepals are sometimes sparsely hairy. Flowering occurs from October to April and is followed by fruit which are drupes.
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Sumacs are dioecious shrubs and small trees in the family Anacardiaceae that can reach a height of . The leaves are usually pinnately compound, though some species have trifoliate or simple leaves. The flowers are in dense panicles or spikes long, each flower very small, greenish, creamy white or red, with five petals. The fruits are reddish, thin-fleshed drupes covered in varying levels of hairs at maturity and form dense clusters at branch tips, sometimes called sumac bobs.
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The flower is composed of four tepals long, which are fused at the base but with the tips rolled back. The tepals have a distinct, pointed tip on the end. The central style is surrounded by four yellow anthers which are also joined at the base with the tips rolled back, so that it resembles a cross when viewed end-on. Flowering occurs from November to April and is followed by fruit which are green drupes.
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It can also be distinguished from the several other species of Pandanus on Mauritius, by its small (15 cm wide) hanging fruit- heads that each have 250–450 protruding drupes (the upper half of each drupe is free) which contain the pointed seeds. The tip of each drupe is divided by deep clefts.Vaughan RE, Wiehe PO (1953) The genus Pandanus in the Mascarene Islands. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 55(356): 1-33.
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The flowers have 5 green or purplish sepals and 5 petals joined at their bases to form a tube. The tube is white, spotted purple on the bases of the lobes and on the top part of the tube, long, the lobes spreading and long. There are 4 stamens which extend slightly beyond the petals. Flowering occurs throughout the whole year and is followed by lilac to brown fruits which are drupes, in diameter and roughly spherical in shape.
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Older leaves are persistent at the base of the rosette. This species can also be distinguished from its closest relatives by its very large, round fruit-heads, which are partially enclosed in protective leafy bracts. Each fruit-head is packed with 40-60 drupes. Each enormous, green-brown, 3-6-locular drupe has a raised, pyramid-like free portion, and has a deeply cleft tip. The drupe is also topped by large (6-10mm wide), irregular, fleshy stigmas.
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The ripe fruit is a red, elipsoidal, berrylike drupe, rich in lipids, about long and is eaten by several bird species. It has a "turpentine-like" taste and aromatic scent, and contains a large seed. Spicebush is dioecious (plants are either male or female), so that both sexes are needed in a garden if one wants drupes with viable seeds. Like other dioecious plants, the female plants have a greater cost of reproduction compared to the male plants.
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The fruit has yellow or whitish flesh, a delicate aroma, and a skin that is either velvety (peaches) or smooth (nectarines) in different cultivars. The flesh is very delicate and easily bruised in some cultivars, but is fairly firm in some commercial varieties, especially when green. The single, large seed is red-brown, oval shaped, approximately 1.3–2 cm long, and is surrounded by a wood-like husk. Peaches, along with cherries, plums and apricots, are stone fruits (drupes).
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This subfamily, however, is to be called Amygdaloideae rather than Spiraeoideae under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants as updated in 2011. Article 19.5, ex. 5 As traditionally defined, the Amygdaloideae includes such commercially important crops as plum, cherry, apricot, peach, and almond. The fruit of these plants are known as stone fruit (drupes), as each fruit contains a hard shell (the endocarp) called a stone or pit, which contains the single seed.
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It caught flowers and buds at the tips of the branches. One of their favourite leaves to eat is from genus Prunus, young shoots from Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, and cruciferous, rounded and fleshy leaves of ilex. They play an important ecological role, as they are the only birds capable of eating the largest native fruits and drupes from some native trees. Its numbers fell sharply after human colonisation of the archipelagos, and it vanished altogether from some Islands.
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Morus nigra is a deciduous tree growing to tall by broad. The leaves are long by broad - up to long on vigorous shoots, downy on the underside, the upper surface rough with very short, stiff hairs. The edible fruit is dark purple, almost black, when ripe, long, a compound cluster of several small drupes; it is richly flavoured, similar to the red mulberry (Morus rubra) but unlike the more insipid fruit of the white mulberry (Morus alba).
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The trees produce edible red or purple fruits, which are described either as epigynous berries or as indehiscent drupes. The fruit is often referred to as a "coffee cherry," and it contains two seeds, called "coffee beans." Despite these terms, coffee is neither a true cherry (the fruit of certain species in the genus Prunus) nor a true bean (seeds from plants in the family Fabaceae). In about 5–10% of any crop of coffee fruits, only a single bean is found.
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There is some evidence of human domestication of marula trees, as trees found on farm lands tend to have larger fruit size. The fruits, which ripen between December and March, have a light yellow skin (exocarp), with white flesh (mesocarp). They fall to the ground when unripe and green in colour, and then ripen to a yellow colour on the ground. The fruits are drupes with a single seed encased within their endocarp, although up to four seeds can be present.
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Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a (usually) single- seeded ovary with a hard woody layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed. Familiar examples include the stonefruits of the genus Prunus (peaches, plums and cherries), olives, coconut, bayberry and Persea species. Some definitions make the mere presence of an internally differentiated endocarp the defining feature of a drupe; others qualify the nature of the endocarp required in a drupe, e.g. defining berries to have endocarp less than 2 mm thick.
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This small (5-6m), slender, freely branching tree can be distinguished from its closest relatives by its drooping, dark yellow-green leaves with red marginal spines. It can also easily be distinguished by its small (7–9 cm), oval, red to purple fruit-head, which is born on a twisted, recurved stalk. Each fruit-head is packed with 75-200 2.5 cm-long drupes. The exposed top of each drupe is flat or slightly convex (not forming a domed or pyramid shape).
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Diagram of a typical drupe (peach), showing both fruit and seed orange hesperidium orange that has been opened to show the pulp (juice vesicles) of the endocarp In berries and drupes, the pericarp forms the edible tissue around the seeds. In other fruits such as Citrus and stone fruits (Prunus) only some layers of the pericarp are eaten. In accessory fruits, other tissues develop into the edible portion of the fruit instead, for example the receptacle of the flower in strawberries.
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The flowers appear singly or in small groups in the axils of the leaves and have 5 sepals and 5 white spotted pink or entirely pink petals joined at their base to form a tube. The tube is long and the lobes are spreading and long. There are 4 stamens which extend beyond the petals. Flowering occurs throughout the whole year, apart from the coldest months and is followed by brown fruits which are drupes, in diameter and roughly spherical in shape.
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The flowers appear from June to September, the fruits from August to November. It is sometimes grown locally for the fruit. The drupes are very sour, and they are only edible when unripe, as when ripe the pulp is too scanty and hard. A 1991 book, based on information from 1985, states that the species is rare and urgently requires conservation in eastern Borneo; in 2014, the species's conservation status on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species was assessed as 'near threatened'.
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Figs fit both preferences and are thus highly favoured, but they also consume drupes and berries. Orangutans are thought to be the sole fruit disperser for some plant species including the vine species Strychnos ignatii which contains the toxic alkaloid strychnine. Orangutans also supplement their diet with leaves, which take up 25% of their foraging time on average. Leaf eating increases when fruit gets scarcer, but even during times of fruit abundance, orangutan will eat leaves 11–20% of the time.
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The thick-billed weaver (Amblyospiza albifrons), or grosbeak weaver, is a distinctive and bold species of weaver bird that is native to the Afrotropics. It comprises the monotypic genus Amblyospiza and subfamily Amblyospizinae. They have particularly strong mandibles, which are employed to extricate the seeds in nutlets and drupes, and their songs are comparatively unmusical and harsh. Their colonial nests are readily distinguishable from those of other weavers, due to their form and placement, and the fine strands used in their construction.
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There are 5 triangular sepals and 5 petals joined at their bases to form a bell-shaped tube. The petals are white with a slight purplish flush and purple spots. The petal tube is long, the lobes are about the same length and the inside of the tube as well as the bases of the lobes are hairy. The main flowering period is from June to November and is followed by fruits which are succulent, rounded purplish drupes around in diameter.
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Most Rhus species contain only trace amounts of vitamin C and none should be considered a dietary source of this nutrient. In comparative research, the fruits of Rhus coriaria were found to contain the highest levels of ascorbic acid at approximately 39 mg/kg. Sumac's tart flavor comes from high amounts of malic acid. The fruits (drupes) of Rhus coriaria are ground into a reddish-purple powder used as a spice in Middle Eastern cuisine to add a tart, lemony taste to salads or meat.
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Drupes of Melia azedarach during winter. The development of bark on Melia azedarach with the youngest tree (left) to oldest (right). The fully grown tree has a rounded crown, and commonly measures tall, however in exceptional circumstances M. azedarach can attain a height of .Floyd, A.G., Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia, Inkata Press 1989, The leaves are up to long, alternate, long-petioled, two or three times compound (odd-pinnate); the leaflets are dark green above and lighter green below, with serrate margins.
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Morus serrata, known as Himalayan mulberry, is a species of mulberry native to the Himalaya and the mountains of southwestern China, at altitudes of up to 2300 m. It is a small deciduous tree growing to 15 m tall. The leaves are 10–14 cm long and 6–10 cm broad and are densely hairy on the veins underneath, with the upper surface hairless. The edible fruit is a 2–3 cm long compound cluster of several small drupes that are red when ripe.
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Flowers and berries of Cestrum tomentosum By definition, berries have a fleshy, indehiscent pericarp, as opposed to a dry, dehiscent pericarp. Fossils show that early flowering plants had dry fruits; fleshy fruits, such as berries or drupes, appeared only towards the end of the Cretaceous Period or the beginning of the Paleogene Period, about . The increasing importance of seed dispersal by fruit-eating vertebrates, both mammals and birds, may have driven the evolution of fleshy fruits. Alternatively, the causal direction may be the other way round.
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Unfiltered olive has aspects of both a suspension and an emulsion. Plant material from olive drupes is suspended in oil due to lack of the filtering step, along with microdroplets of vegetative and non-vegetative water in small amounts (0.1–0.3%) forming in a water-oil emulsion. Unfiltered olive oil initially has higher levels of phenolics that form a complex polyphenol-protein complex. This complex interacts within the suspension/emulsion system and contributes to the formation and maintenance of the physicochemical properties of this oil.
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The flowers are arranged in groups of 1 to 5 in the axils of the leaves and have 5 sepals and 5 white or pink petals joined at their base to form a tube and often spotted with pink or purple. The tube is long and the lobes are long and warty. There are 4 stamens which extend beyond the petals. Flowering occurs between October and February and is followed by white fruits which are drupes, in diameter and oval or roughly spherical in shape.
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Juvenile plant growing at Anse Quitor Nature Reserve showing its clear, vigorous spiral Fruit of the Rodrigues Screwpine, showing smooth, green pyramid-shaped drupes with purple margins The Rodrigues screwpine grows to 7 meters in height, and branches from its thick trunk to form a wide umbrella shape. The many branches are thick and begin to grow from low on the trunk. The rosettes form with clear spirals. The leaves are up to a meter in length and have orange-red spines on their margins and keel.
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Both stems and leaves are covered by a white powder. The fruit is an ellipsoid compound drupe of 15 to 25 mm at its widest diameter, weighing 3-5 grams, green when formed, becoming red when ripe and then dark and bright purple. It consists of small drupes attached to the receptacle when ripe and fleshy whitish rich in vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus, bittersweet, and suitable for juices, nectars, jams, jellies, ice cream, pastries and confectionery. Fruit production is continuous with two annual peaks.
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Sumac was used as a treatment for several different ailments in medieval medicine, primarily in Middle Eastern and South Asian countries (where sumac was more readily available than in Europe). An 11th-century shipwreck off the coast of Rhodes, excavated by archeologists in the 1970s, contained commercial quantities of sumac drupes. These could have been intended for use as medicine, as a culinary spice, or as a dye. A clinical study showed that dietary sumac decreases the blood pressure in patients with hypertension and can be used as disjunctive treatment.
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An olive mill and an olive press from the Byzantine period in Capernaum Reconstruction of an ancient Greek olive oil extractor Modern method of olive oil extraction Olive oil extraction is the process of extracting the oil present in olive drupes, known as olive oil. Olive oil is produced in the mesocarp cells, and stored in a particular type of vacuole called a lipo vacuole, i.e., every cell contains a tiny olive oil droplet. Olive oil extraction is the process of separating the oil from the other fruit contents (vegetative extract liquid and solid material).
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191x191px The red, raspberry-looking fruit is edible; and is made up of a few drupes. A purple dye can be made from the fruit juice. Members of the genus Rubus are well known for their nutritional benefits of being high in vitamins and nutrients such as vitamin C, potassium, magnesium, iron and copper, while being low in sugar. This species is suitable for domestic cultivation, and R. gunnianus may be a good choice for people with limited space to grow plants, because it is quite small and would take up little room.
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The flowers are arranged in groups of 1 to 8 on a stalk long in the axils of the leaves and have 5 sepals and 5 white petals joined at their base to form a tube. The tube is long and hairy in the upper part, the lobes are long and hairy on the inner part. There are 4 stamens which sometimes fill the upper part of the hypanthium. Flowering occurs in spring and summer and is followed by fruits which are drupes in diameter and shiny pink, sometimes cream blotched with purple.
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Unfiltered olive oil (also known as cloudy olive oil, veiled olive oil, or olio nuovo) is an intermediate product of olive oil extraction. It is actually the initial cloudy juice of the olive drupes soon after crushing, separation and decanting and before final filtration. The oil is either filtered or stored in tanks to settle for weeks or months to allow sediments to be separated from the oil; this is known as racking. Once opened, unfiltered olive oil has a shorter life because the olive particles continue to ferment in the bottle.
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The fleshy portion of the pomes is developed from the floral tube and like the berry most of the pericarp is fleshy but the endocarp is cartilaginous, an apple is an example of a pome. Lastly, drupes are known for being one seeded with a fleshy mesocarp, an example of this would be the peach. However, there are fruits were the fleshy portion is developed from tissues that are not the ovary, such as in the strawberry. The edible part of the strawberry is formed from the receptacle of the flower.
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Dewdrop is found in northern or upland forests, in shady locations, in moist to wet conifer and mixedwood (softwoods and hardwoods) forests or swamps, and often on red pine and white pine sites with sandy, acidic soils. It thrives best in acidic soils. A few, nearly dry, small white drupes (drupelets), 3–4 mm long, retained within the calyx are produced. As with its close relatives the Rubus, the young plants make a reasonably palatable pot-herb, and can be brewed as a mild infusion/tea throughout the growing season.
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During the non-breeding season, oriental pied hornbills feed more on non-fig fruit such as small sized berries, drupes, arillate capsules and lianas (woody vines), however the availability of these food items is lower in the breeding season, which suggests that the species increases its habitat range during that time. They also tend to feed in flocks during the non breeding season. When foraging for food, they tend to select a few common species of fruit trees. They show a preference towards trees belonging to the families Annonaceae, Meliaceae and Myristicaceae.
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The leaves are slender and dark green, with a translucent light-yellow midrib. New leaves are initially erect, but they later droop, and eventually the old dead leaves persist hanging around the stem, beneath the dense rosette. The leaf margins are lined with very tiny yellow-green spines, but these are usually not near the leaf base. This species has variable 9–18 cm, globose fruit-head that becomes greenish-brown to purple when ripe. Each fruit-head holds an extremely variable number (50-150) of drupes, which also vary in size, colour and shape.
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Many drupes, with their sweet, fleshy outer layer, attract the attention of animals as a food, and the plant population benefits from the resulting dispersal of its seeds. The endocarp (pit or stone) is sometimes dropped after the fleshy part is eaten, but is often swallowed, passing through the digestive tract, and returned to the soil in feces with the seed inside unharmed. This passage through the digestive tract can reduce the thickness of the endocarp, thus can aid in germination rates. The process is known as scarification.
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Twigs range in color from "reddish brown to gray"; young twigs are hairy, and get smoother with age. Bark is similar that of the flowering dogwood, ranging in color from "reddish brown to almost black" and forming "blocky plates on larger trunks". Viburnum rufidulum blooms in April to May with creamy white flowers that are bisexual, or perfect and similar to those of other Viburnum species, but with clusters as large as six inches wide. The fruits are purple or dark blue, glaucous, globose or ellipsoid drupes that mature in mid to late summer.
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There is a full-sized leaf at the base of the group which continues to grow after flowering. The flower is composed of four yellow glabrous or slightly hairy tepals long, which are fused at the base but with the tips rolled back. The central style is surrounded by four yellow anthers which are also joined at the base with the tips rolled back, so that it resembles a cross when viewed end-on. Flowering occurs from January to July and is followed by fruit which are smooth green drupes usually with reddish-purple blotches.
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The blue bird-of-paradise is mainly a frugivorous species, feeding on a good variety of fruits like figs, drupes, berries, but animal prey is also present in the diet; it includes insects, but also likely takes some vertebrates like reptiles. They typically feed alone, though females and juveniles are more likely to feed in trees in association with other birds or other species. They are shown to search high in the canopy when seeking fruits, and apparently forage at lower altitudes when in search of their animal prey.
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All of the species have simple, smooth-edged, leathery leaves and much-branched panicles of small white flowers with recurving petals and conspicuous stamens. The fruits are small drupes with a fleshly appendage on one side attached to the fruit, termed a pseudoaril. The African species (Apodytes dimidiata) is grown for its attractive display of white blossom and red and black fruit, as well as for shade, screening and hedges. It is also grown in southern Africa for ornament and timber, and a bark preparation is used to drive out intestinal parasites.
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The flowers are arranged in groups of 3 to 8 on a short stalk in the axils of the leaves and have 5 sepals and 5 white petals joined at their base to form a tube. The tube is long, the lobes are long and there are 4 stamens. Flowering occurs between December and May and is followed by fruits which are drupes with three compartments, each with one seed. The fruits are roughly oval to spherical in shape and are smooth, white or cream coloured tinged with pink.
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The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce urushiol, an irritant. The Anacardiaceae include numerous genera, several of which are economically important, notably cashew (in the type genus Anacardium), mango, poison ivy, sumac, smoke tree, marula, yellow mombin, Peruvian pepper and cuachalalate. The genus Pistacia (which includes the pistachio and mastic tree) is now included, but was previously placed in its own family, the Pistaciaceae.
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The blades are ovate to elliptic and up to long, shiny dark green above and pale green below with a felting of pale hairs on the leaf stalk and the midrib. The leaf margin is entire or lightly toothed and the tip acute or acuminate. Male and female flowers are found on separate trees; they are small, yellowish-white and hairy, male flowers being in a group in the axil of a leaf, and female flowers being solitary. The fruits are fleshy, hairy, spherical drupes up to in diameter, ripening to a yellow or orange-red colour.
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A coconut crab atop a coconut The diet of coconut crabs consists primarily of fleshy fruits (particularly Ochrosia ackeringae, Arenga listeri, Pandanus elatus, P. christmatensis); nuts (Aleurites moluccanus), drupes (Cocos nucifera) and seeds (Annona reticulata); and the pith of fallen trees. However, as they are omnivores, they will consume other organic materials such as tortoise hatchlings and dead animals. They have been observed to prey upon crabs such as Gecarcoidea natalis and Discoplax hirtipes, as well as scavenge on the carcasses of other coconut crabs. During a tagging experiment, one coconut crab was observed killing and eating a Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans).
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Leaves Rhodotypos scandens - MHNT It grows to 2–5 m tall, with (unusually for a species in the Rosaceae) opposite (not alternate) leaves, simple ovate-acute, 3–6 cm long and 2–4 cm broad with a serrated margin. The flowers are white, 3–4 cm diameter, and (also unusually) have four (not five) petals; flowering is from late spring to mid-summer. The fruit is a cluster of 1-4 shiny black drupes 5–8 mm diameter. It does not have a widely used English name, most commonly being known by its genus name rhodotypos, also occasionally as jetbead or jet-bead.
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The leaves of both species are similar in outline and toothed and bristled very much the same way, but the leaves are brighter in the American holly and larger. The American holly, called the evergreen or Christmas holly (Ilex opaca Aiton) was named the state tree of Delaware on 1 May 1939. Holly fruit (drupes) appear late in the season, and whether due to the need to ripen or being a food of last resort, often last until midwinter. Cedar Waxwings will strip the trees of fruit if they are not already bare during their northward migration.
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It eats worms and small snails—but with strong trend to eat plants, leaves, flowers, drupes, berries, fruit, acorns, pine nuts and other conifer seeds, Kurogane mochi or (Ilex rotunda), mochi-no-ki (Ilex Integra), Sazanqua Camellia sasanqua, Tsubaki Camellia japonica, mulberry tree, ficus, Machilus thunbergii, Nandinia domestica... This bird eats seeds varied, buds and fruit it collects directly from the trees. Feeding on trees and do well in soil. It has a preference for trees near ponds and rivers. A resident breeder in laurisilva forests, the wood pigeon lays one white egg in a flimsy twig nest.
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Cambridge University Press The coconut is also a drupe, but the mesocarp is fibrous or dry (termed a husk), so this type of fruit is classified as a simple dry, fibrous drupe. Unlike other drupes, the coconut seed is so large that it is unlikely to be dispersed by being swallowed by fauna, but it can float extremely long distances—across oceans. Bramble fruits such as the blackberry and the raspberry are aggregates of drupelets. The fruit of blackberries and raspberries comes from a single flower whose pistil is made up of a number of free carpels.
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The species was originally described by Ugolino Martelli from only a few drupes in the collections of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew He was hesitant to describe it as a new species from only that, but the characteristics were so salient he published his description. The tree is dioecious (individual plants either have male flowers or female ones), with male trees uncommon compared to females. It reaches in height, with a grey trunk of in diameter and supported by buttress roots. The trunk has white mottling and is generally smooth with occasional warts or small knobs as well as rings of leaf scars.
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Fifty thousand trees were planted during the construction, mainly along the spacious avenues. The estate had its own gardening service, who not only took care of the many plants, flowers and trees of the community spaces, but also helped renters to groom their own gardens as well. Four fruit trees were planted for each apartment (altogether 16.000), and thanks to the favorable sandy soil and to the care of the new dwellers, various kinds of drupes bloomed. It was noted that in 1917 redcurrant harvest was so rich that renters could earn almost four times the yearly rent just by selling their fruits.
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The flowers are unisexual, small (<1 cm long) and pale yellow in colour. They are thought to be pollinated by insects such as small bees and moths. On Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, it tends to flower during the dry season from the end of January to the end of April, persisting for 11 to 15 weeks each year. In Costa Rica, it flowers slightly later, between March and July, peaking in April. Fruits form between 1 and 3 months after pollination occurs. The fruits are brightly colored green to purplish-black, approximately 17 mm long and contain large seeds (10–14 mm), they occur in groups of 3–5 drupes.
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Leaves are 7–15 cm long, margin entire or occasionally some teeth on the apical half, with a sweet taste that may be faint in old leaves. It is conspicuous when in flower; flowers opening before new leaves develop, fragrant, in clusters from axils of previous year's leaves or from just above the leaf scars if the leaves have fallen; the petals are creamy yellow to yellow, with one pistil. Fruits nearly cylindrical to ellipsoid drupes 8–12 mm long, with thin pulp and a hard stone containing 1 seed; the tip usually retaining parts of the sepals. Foliage is relished by browsing wildlife.
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Chestnuts are both botanical and culinary nuts. Some common "culinary nuts": hazelnuts, which are also botanical nuts; Brazil nuts, which are not botanical nuts, but rather the seeds of a capsule; and walnuts, pecans, and almonds (which are not botanical nuts, but rather the seeds of drupes) A nut is a fruit composed of an inedible hard shell and a seed, which is generally edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, a wide variety of dried seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context "nut" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed (indehiscent). The translation of "nut" in certain languages frequently requires paraphrases, as the word is ambiguous.
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It is thought that the cauliflorous species are pollinated by small bees, beetles or flies although there are no direct observations of this. Birds disperse the purple or black drupes, for example Sayornis phoebe (a Tyrant flycatcher) eats the fruit of Cocculus. In Tinospora cordifolia a lapse of 6–8 weeks has been observed between fertilization and the first zygotic cell division. The menispermaceae predominantly inhabit low altitude tropical forests (up to 2,100m), where they are climbers, but some genera and species have adapted to arid locations (Antizoma species have adapted to the South African deserts or Cocculus balfouri and its phylloclades have adapted to the climate on the island of Socotra) and other temperate climates.
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