Under what circumstances should we term a fault a downthrow?
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The Great Pemberton Fault is a downthrow and passes Pemberton, Orrell and to the west of Shevington.
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The structural style comprised half-grabens bounded by faults whose dip and downthrow were mostly to the south.
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We use these values to estimate the maximum downthrow of the Skinos fault as 1.12 km from basic trigonometry.
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Dikes and faults are denominated upthrow or downthrow, according to the position they are met with in working the mine.
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A dislocation is spoken of as a downthrow or an upcast, according to the direction in which it is approached.
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Dikes and faults are denominated upthrow or downthrow, according to the position they are met with in working the mine.
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Kinematic indicators for main phase deformation fabrics consistently demonstrate a sinistral sense of displacement with a minor southeasterly component of downthrow.
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Downthrow on the east side of this fault places the Simpsons Field Formation in tectonic contact with the Jacquet River Formation and creates a half-graben structure.
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A "major fault" passes just southeast of the Collingwood site, called the Cork Fault. It runs roughly northeast to southwest. Its downthrow is to the northwest, towards Collingwood.
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It was reactivated as a normal fault in the Carboniferous with a downthrow to the northwest and again reactivated as a reverse fault during Late Carboniferous inversion associated with the Variscan Orogeny.
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Just to the north of Ingleton village the Craven Faults running north-west to south-east mark the southern margin of the Askrigg Block. The North Craven Fault has a downthrow of about , and a few hundred yards away the South Craven Fault has a downthrow of about . The fault plane of the North Craven Fault is exposed in Swilla Glen. To the south of the Craven Faults is the Craven Basin where the Westphalian stage Pennine Coal Measures are exposed, once exploited by the Ingleton coalfield.
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Aldous, P. 1988. Groundwater Transport and Pollutant Pathways in Carboniferous Limestone Aquifers. The Cardiff – Cowbridge Block: Final Report The Tongwynlais Fault is a normal fault and affects both the Carboniferous Limestone and underlying Devonian Upper Old Red Sandstone. The fault has a downthrow of 85m to the west Squirrell H C and Downing R A. 1969.
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33 Downcast, downcast shaft :The downcast is the shaft by which fresh air descends into the mine. After a disaster at Hartley Colliery in 1862, legislation decreed that collieries should have two means of entering the coal workings. In effect this meant two shafts which aided ventilation. Downthrow :A fault, when approached from the higher side.
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The Peckforton Fault runs into the parish from the SE then turns north. It downthrows to the east. Two parallel unnamed faults, both downthrowing to the west, run NNE–SSW through Kelsall village, their southern ends terminating at the Peckforton Fault. They terminate against a short ENE–WSW aligned fault with a northerly downthrow at the northern end of the parish.
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It is the Portpatrick Formation which forms the main northwest facing scarp. There are also small fault-related intercalations of the Moffat Shales in places, particularly within the Shinnel Formation. A disused quarry which formerly exploited an isolated granite intrusion sits to the west of the B7007 road at Broad Law. The scarp lies immediately to the southeast of the Lammermuir Fault, a Caledonoid fault with a downthrow to the northwest.
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Natural England: Nature on the Map: Frodsham Railway & Road Cuttings SSSI . Retrieved 16 April 2010. Several faults run roughly northwest–southeast through the area, notably the Overton Fault, which roughly parallels the B5439 and B5152 roads, and the Frodsham Fault, which runs north from the vicinity of Crowmere to the mouth of the River Weaver. Both of these faults and others in the area downthrow to the east.
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The Giant's Hall Fault passes by Abram, west of Ince Hall Colliery, west of Gidlow and under Giant's Hall Farm to Standish Church. The Great Shevington Fault passes by Hawkley Hall and east of Kirkless Hall. The Great Pemberton Fault is a downthrow and passes Pemberton, Orrell and to the west of Shevington. Further west are the Great Upholland Fault, the Lathom Fault the Great Boundary Fault stretching from Bickerstaffe to about two miles (3.2 km) east of Ormskirk.
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Jihaguk daejeok toechi seolhwa (지하국대적퇴치 설화 The Downthrow of the Fearsome Underworld Enemy) is a Korean folktale about a heroic figure who defeats an underworld monster that kidnaps humans above ground and steals from them in order to marry the woman he rescues. The story features the theme of quest through the journey the protagonist embarks on to find his bride as well as the theme of eradication in terms of the protagonist’s defeat of the monster.
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The earthquake rupture is estimated to be about in length and in area, with a displacement of about . The mainshock was preceded by a major foreshock. Ground rupture was observed in the form of a series of small vertical faults, with downthrow to the west, offsetting part of National Highway 22 between Sumdo and Kaurik, with displacements up to 50 cm. The isoseismal lines for the earthquake are elongated in a north–south direction, parallel to the strike of the Kaurik-Chango Fault Zone.
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Its downthrow to the west brings the Permo–Triassic sandstones and mudstones of the Cheshire Plain up against the Millstone Grit and shales of the Peak District. To the immediate east of the fault are the coal measures of the Carboniferous period which, unlike those in the Lancashire Coalfield, are missing the top layers. Outcrops of the Middle Coal Measures are present here. Coal from these strata, particularly the Four Foot Mine (or seam), the Five Foot Mine and the Accommodation Mine, was mined in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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In the deep mines at the southern edge of the coalfield, the Plodder mine in Leigh and the Arley mine in Tyldesley were hot: the miners worked in temperatures of over 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 °C). Five substantial faults affect the Wigan Coalfield; they run nearly parallel to and equidistant from each other. The Great Haigh Fault begins near Bickershaw Colliery and passes northward through Hindley, Kirkless Hall, Haigh, and Arley to the west of Adlington Park. The Great Standish or St Catherine's Fault has a downthrow to the east and passes under St Catherine's Church at Ince.
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The southeastern edge of the range is defined by the Pentland Fault with a substantial downthrow to the southeast. Running NE-SW through the middle of the range is the Cairnmuir Fault which downthrows to the northwest. West Cairn Hill and East Cairn Hill are formed by the sandstones of the Kinnesswood Formation which reach as far north as Hare Hill (though also underlie much of the southeastern part of Edinburgh) and which terminate to the southeast at the Cairnmuir Fault. The Kinnesswood sandstones together with rocks of the Ballaggan Formation, which form the lower ground immediately northwest of the Pentlands, constitute the early Carboniferous age Inverclyde Group.
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The earthquake was associated with of surface faulting showing a downthrow of about to the southeast, consistent with one of the two possible fault planes from the focal mechanism. The earthquake was preceded by numerous foreshocks on March 18 and 19, 1966, and was followed by many aftershocks during the next two months, nine of them with a magnitude of 5.0 or greater. The energy release of the main shock was about 2×1017 Nm. The energy release associated with aftershocks after April 18 was also significant. The sum of energy release of the aftershocks up to 45 days after the main shock was also about 2×1017 Nm, i.e.
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