155 Sentences With "disproportional" | Random Sentence Generator

The administrative burdens were, however, disproportional and unique to American care.

Upper income earners are pocketing a disproportional amount of the economy's gains.

We continue to debate the Constitution itself, and specifically the disproportional Senate.

"The U.S. is going to make a disproportional contribution to the market's rebalancing."

" The third cites the "disproportional political influence Jews have in most Western societies.

His attorneys have accused Judge Mollica of imposing a "grossly disproportional and unconstitutional" $500,000 bond.

It may remind you of a disproportional Dyson Air Multiplier fan, which, in essence, it is.

Under the ruling, fatal shootings can be considered legal even if they are unnecessary or disproportional.

This is also well-described in research focusing on disproportional impact and recovery of vulnerable populations.

Our grossly disproportional incarceration rate is a manifestation of many years of moral, social, and institutional neglect.

Data indicate that inmates who have committed property offenses commit future offenses at a rate disproportional to other crimes.

He blamed trade partners, such as China and Europe, for taking a protectionist approach that disproportional impacts world trade.

The richest Americans have reaped a disproportional amount of economic growth while worker wages have failed to keep pace.

A related problem is disproportional "climate compensation," when everyday positive actions are used to mentally justify high-impact negative actions.

It creates "irrational hoops that people have to jump through" and has a "disproportional impact on people of color," Spiva said.

"The unnecessary or disproportional use of a weapon is forbidden and immoral, is ineffective and even harmful," the court president, Maj. Gen.

"The amount of the forfeiture sought is excessive and is grossly disproportional to the gravity of the defendant's offense," Judge Todd wrote.

But there's a negative consequence too But the intense fascination the public forms around an individual can sometimes invite a similarly disproportional response.

The president's ire only sparked more protests, as entire teams began to kneel in protest of racial discrimination and disproportional police violence toward minorities.

A wasteful deployment of over-stretched soldiers and Marines would be made much worse if they use force disproportional to the threat they face.

While Republicans have controlled Texas politics for a quarter-century, there are signs that Democrats are growing their vote share at a disproportional rate.

However, from another angle the breasts stand out more and make the figure seem like a barely balanced, oddly disproportional figure out of fantasy.

I don't mind so much that the small states have disproportional political and voting power, thanks to the two senators for states large and small.

"We, here in St. Louis, are once again ground zero for the frustration and anger at our shared legacy of these disproportional outcomes," she said.

She has also spent years trying to talk parents out of disproportional concern about crimes committed against children, which have generally fallen in recent decades.

The U.S. official said the United States believed that Iranians were upset that a disproportional amount of the sanctions relief was directed toward state security services.

America's various disproportional representations are the result of winner-takes-all voting and a two-party system where party allegiance and geography have become surprisingly highly correlated.

James Leibold, a scholar of Xinjiang and China's ethnic policies at La Trobe University in Australia, said the recent rallies seemed disproportional to the current threat level.

"There are some tricky leveraged loans out there for most sponsors but BC Partners seem to have a disproportional amount," a head of capital markets banking said.

But that distrust was based on Clinton's shifty explanations about her private email server—influenced by the media's disproportional coverage—and bore little relation to her campaign promises.

Investment in professional-grade sports infrastructure seems disproportional to the mission of educating people, and sports scholarships are not often in the best interests of maintaining academic standards.

From underrepresented to overrepresented, a look at the states in which voters have the most disproportional representation in the Electoral College: Data: Dave Leip's Election Atlas; Table: Lazaro Gamio / Axios

As millions of Venezuelans have fled their country to escape starvation, deprivation and violence, neighboring states have borne disproportional burdens and need foreign assistance, including continued aid for migrant programs.

The SALT compromise would reduce, but not eliminate, a disproportional tax impact on upper middle-class families in high-income tax states such as New York, New Jersey and California.

This last quarter for Tesla is a great example — the amount of energy that they put into hitting a 5,000 Model 4203 production target was disproportional to the reward that they got.

"Disproportional penalties [...] create vicious cycles of marginalization and further crime," said Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto, with several other delegates making the point that capital punishment is a violation of human rights.

Stormzy's political performance sampled fragments from a speech by Labour politician David Lammy on the disproportional incarceration of Black citizens in the UK while crime statistics flashed on the screens behind the rapper.

" Mark Luschini, chief investment strategist at Janney Montgomery Scott, also said on the program that software technology "tends to get a disproportional benefit from capital expenditures by businesses that have age capital stocks.

Finally, any changes to the legal immigration system should come in the context of a broader debate on the entire U.S. immigration system, not as a disproportional swap to protect one group, however deserving.

"A wasteful deployment of overstretched Soldiers and Marines would be made much worse if they use force disproportional to the threat they face," tweeted Martin Dempsey, the former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

The H-4 work authorization allows more than 100,000 spouses of H-1B holders with pending green cards to legally work in the U.S., and ending the program would have a disproportional impact on female workers.

And since most of the refugee-producing countries in the world are located in developing regions, the report found that developing countries bear a disproportional burden of refugee accommodation relative to the rest of the world.

"It may have been that the millennial generation — our largest generation, our future generation that will carry us through for the next multiple decades — there may be disproportional numbers of infections among that group," she said.

"The margin is a reaction against the unfairness and the recklessness of doing politics with the disproportional state power, as much as it is the electorate's loyalty to democracy and law," Mustafa Karaalioglu, a columnist, wrote in Karar.

On the state and local tax (SALT) deduction, Republicans were working on a compromise to reduce, but not eliminate, a disproportional impact on upper-middle-class families in high-tax states such as New York, New Jersey and California.

" Book establishments per 100k residents: 38 Why it's perfect for bookworms: "While just the sixth-largest suburb of ATL, the city of just more than 60,193 offers a disproportional 13 booksellers and 10 public libraries for its small stature.

" In the declassified report, investigators found that US forces both on the ground and in the gunship "failed to comply with" the law of armed conflict during the attack, and that the bombardment "was disproportional to the observed threat.

VICE is here to witness Iowa's first-in-the-nation primary process, and we'll be watching the campaigns gear up, and talking to caucus-goers as they take part in a strange and beautiful local custom that holds disproportional importance in deciding the leader of the free world.

A day after Trump's maiden speech before the general assembly — in which he threatened North Korea, condemned Iran and bemoaned the United States' disproportional spending on the U.N. — the president will seek to unite Arab countries behind a Middle East peace deal and a shared effort to curb global terrorism.

It has been my view that given she went to trial; that due process was carried out; that she took responsibility for her crime; that the sentence that she received was very disproportional — disproportionate relative to what other leakers had received; and that she had served a significant amount of time, that it made sense to commute and not pardon her sentence.

It's all fun and games to try to game out, in non-pandemic times, when the boomers will be dead so their self-obsessed generation won't wield disproportional power political over the rest of us anymore, but it's another story when you're talking about condemning thousands of elderly people to drawn-out deaths that can feel like two weeks of asphyxiation.

As first time absentee voters in many states, including Virginia, are required to present a valid ID. The real election challenge — a history of suppressing African American voices Republicans who are allegedly committed to the integrity of the elections while happy to invest disproportional amounts of resources to chase ghosts of voters committing voter fraud, they seem to not have a problem with voter suppression.

In a detailed critique of the Trump proposal, William Frey, a demographic specialist at Brookings, argued that the so-called compromise between DACA and border security is extremely disproportional — weighted heavily toward the latter which is characterized by simple bumper sticker messages about family migration, border security and the visa lottery that is aimed at appealing to the extreme anti-immigrant wings of Trump's Republican base.

Though there are a few clumsy gestures at moments of great crisis — as a mother dies in childbirth, a startled stork takes off from the roof — the most moving and even uncomfortable images are clearly taken from Sepetys's extensive sources: A mother desperate to get her baby off the sinking ship hurls the infant down to a sailor and misses; the corpses of children in life jackets float upside down because of the disproportional size of their heads.

These T waves may be seen in patients displaying Prinzmetal angina. Additionally, patients exhibiting the early stages of STEMI may display these broad and disproportional waves.

This section presents the significant difference in plea decisions between BAME and White ethnic groups and explains the disproportional effects of the justice system on these groups.

His work is usually presented on canvas or wood. He is a self-taught artist. He combines unique and disproportional creatures with vibrant landscapes. His greatest influences are Michel Parkes and Maurice Sendak.

Lower-income Caucasians are exposed to 3.4 ppb higher NO2 concentrations than the higher-income Caucasians. The study also reports disproportional disparities of NO2 concentration exposure by education level; those who without high school education are more likely to be exposed to higher concentrations.. Association between NO2 exposure and cancer development has been found in many studies. The disproportional effects of air pollution on people's cancer risk is seen not only in race difference. Within a single race community, there is unequal distribution of cancer risks.

Signs vary from person to person. Young children and babies lack movement and have a difficult time eating and breathing. For young children not diagnosed immediately at birth, these are usually the first visible symptoms. One sign is a swollen face in disproportional areas.

Some authors have suggested that the Chatham duck was flightless; however, comparison of Chatham duck wing bones with those from living ducks indicates no disproportional reduction in wing length. The Chatham duck likely became extinct in about the 16th century because of hunting by humans.

In many contexts, it is desired to evaluate how well do the awarded seat shares approximate proportionality. However, only exact proportionality has a single unambiguous definition. A seat allocation is proportional only if the seat shares are equal to the vote shares. If this condition is not met, the seat allocation is disproportional.

As well, popular Hutu resentment at the disproportional representation of Tutsi in the quota system meant that friction between the groups never truly dissipated. Some political scientists credit these failures as a few of the reasons why Rwanda so quickly slipped back into political turmoil along ethnic lines in the years immediately preceding the 1993 genocide.

Student, faculty and > staff protesters have been pepper-sprayed directly in the eyes and mouth, > beaten and shoved by batons, dragged by the arms while handcuffed, and > submitted to other forms of excessive force. Protesters have been > hospitalized because of injuries inflicted during these incidents. The > violence was unprovoked, disproportional and excessive.The Council of UC > Faculty Associations.

Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Retrieved 21 April 2017. The disproportional response to single instances of raids like the Brite Ranch raid, the Neville Raid, and even suspected instances of missing cows, perceived slights, or Mexicans standing up to injustice often led to lynch mobs descending on communities and carting off any men found to be hanged.

Erika Steinbach is much more widely known in Poland and the Czech Republic than in Germany. According to Cordell and Wolff (2005), the political importance the Federation of Expellees has in German politics is overestimated in Poland and the Czech Republic because of its disproportional media presence in those countries and campaigns of "aggressively nationalist politicians".

"There is little doubt that those who framed, proposed, and ratified the Bill of Rights were aware of such provisions [outlawing disproportional punishments], yet chose not to replicate them." Finally, the scant direct evidence available from state ratifying conventions confirmed for Scalia the view that an "unusual punishment" was a particular mode of punishment that was infrequently imposed, not one that was excessively lengthy in comparison to other punishments imposed for similar crimes. For these reasons, Scalia argued that the proportionality test from Solem should be overruled. Solem had held that a particular punishment was unconstitutionally disproportional if (1) the crime was relatively minor in comparison to the punishment, (2) the sentence imposed in the jurisdiction for similarly grave offenses was less, and (3) other jurisdictions impose a lesser sentence for the same crime.

Abrahamian's' best known and most cited book is Iran Between Two Revolutions (1982), published by Princeton University Press. It is an account of the history of Iran from the Constitutional Revolution of 1905–06 to the Islamic Revolution of 1978–79. Initial reviews were largely positive. Criticisms included disproportional focus on the Communist movement and the Tudeh Party, and reliance on British archives.

In April 1606, Portuguese forces under the captainship of André Furtado were besieged in Malacca by a Dutch fleet under the command of Cornelis Matelief de Jonge. Portuguese forces were no match to Dutch due to disproportional size of men and vessels. However, they managed to resist the besiegers until August 1606 and received support from Viceroy Martim Afonso de Castro.

Previous versions had no spatial awareness. The figures seemed to float in the air, and lines did not end in a vanishing point. This caused them to be lopsided and disproportional. This particular version of the Annunciation is located at the top of the stairs on the first floor where the San Marco dormitories are located - on the north side.

Sign in Ushuaia, Argentina some 700 km from the Falkland Islands: "Mooring by English pirates's ships is prohibited". Anti-British feeling in Argentina originates mainly from two causes. The first and older cause was the intervention of British capital and companies together with their disproportional political influence. This political influence is associated with the local oligarchy and its economic model based on the primary sector and commodities.

Carr, which held that redistricting was not a political question and so federal courts had jurisdiction over the issue. The opinion did not directly require Tennessee to implement redistricting but instead left it to a federal district court to determine whether Tennessee's districts violated the Constitution. In another case, Gray v. Sanders, the Court struck down Georgia's County Unit System, which granted disproportional power to rural counties in party primaries.

Consequently, an index of proportionality will only take two values, one if the allocation is proportional and the other if it is not. In practice, it may be more interesting to examine the degree to which the number of seats won by each party differs from that of a perfectly proportional outcome. In other words, how disproportional is the seat allocation. Unlike exact proportionality, disproportionality does not have a single unambiguous definition.

The most important, and contentious action of the session was the creation of three new counties: Cochise, Gila, Graham. Of these, Cochise County generated the most objections. Creation of the county was opposed by interests in Tucson due to the diversion of tax income from their city to the new county seat. Tombstone had however managed to elect a disproportional level of representation to the session and was able to overcome the objections.

United States v. Bajakajian, 524 U.S. 321 (1998), is a U.S. Supreme Court case holding that asset forfeiture is unconstitutional when it is "grossly disproportional to the gravity of the defendant’s offense", citing the Excessive Fines clause of the Eighth Amendment.. It was the first time the Court struck down the federal government's "aggressive use of forfeiture" and the only time it has held that an imposed fine was unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment.

A study conducted in 2000 used geographic census data and outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration data to examine the disparities of NO2 air pollution across the United States. The study found that there is disproportional disparities in terms of both race and socioeconomic groups. The people of color were exposed to 4.6 ppb more than average NO2 concentrations than white people. Those who live in below poverty level are exposed to 1.2 ppb more.

The landing craft maintained their runs to the beach despite the attacks. The immense size of Samuel Chase made her look formidable to the attacking aircraft and thus she received a disproportional amount of the enemy's attention. The crewmen of the Coast Guard-manned transport were commended by the British for their anti- aircraft defense and were credited with shooting down three planes. So intense was the fire that the British nicknamed Samuel Chase the "Battleship".

The music video, released June 30, 2013 and was directed by Ryan Hope. A theme highly emphasized in the music video is that 2 Chainz featured many dark-skinned women as extras in the video. Billboard gave the music video a positive review stating: "It should be illegal for this many attractive women to be in the same place at the same time. 'Feds Watching' serves a disproportional male to female ratio in an exotic, secluded bachelor pad.".

Between 1838 and 1848 a popular movement, Chartism, organised around six demands including universal male franchise and the secret ballot. The Reform Act 1867 redistributed more MPs from boroughs which had disproportional representation (42) to London and industrial towns. It decreased the property qualification in boroughs, so that all men with an address in boroughs could vote. For the first time some of the working class could vote and MPs had to take these new constituents into account.

The 1902 strike followed the general strike of 1893 which had led to the creation of universal male suffrage, moderated by plural voting. The resulting system gave disproportional political power to the rich. Nevertheless, Emile Vandervelde and the leadership of the Belgian Workers' Party (POB-BWP), as well as the trade unions, were reluctant to take further action. The general strike of 1902 was therefore forced by coal miners in Wallonia who were angry at their poor living conditions.

The wadis are now dry most of the year, but during the rainy season their discharge is disproportional to the size of their valleys, suggesting that the region was much more humid and water was more abundant in the past. The early city, dating to the Early Bronze Age IV (2200–2100 BC), was built in a circular plan; this circular site became the upper city (acropolis) of Qatna's later phases and was surrounded by a lower rectangular city.

There also an ongoing debate on the relationship between race and crime regarding the disproportional representation of certain minorities in all stages of the criminal justice system. Studies in racial taxonomy based on DNA cluster analysis has led law enforcement to pursue suspects based on their racial classification as derived from their DNA evidence left at the crime scene. DNA analysis has been successful in helping police determine the race of both victims and perpetrators. This classification is called "biogeographical ancestry".

She also restated her claim of seeking asylum to prevent a forced marriage, stating: "How often do people who are seeking refuge provide different names? The penalty of stripping me of my Dutch citizenship is disproportional." Her stated reason for resigning immediately was the increasing media attention. Owing to the fact that a Dutch court had ruled in April 2006 that she had to leave her house by August 2006, she decided to relocate to the United States in September 2006.

Scytodes globula, the Chilean tiger spider', is a predatory spider of the family Scytodidae. In Spanish, it is known as ''''', or "tiger spider", but is also well known as "long-legged spider" (because of the disproportional size of those members) or "spitting spider" (because of its hunting methods, in which it projects an extremely sticky web which immobilizes its prey). It has achieved fame by being the only natural predator of the extremely common and dangerous Chilean recluse spider (Loxosceles laeta).

Pezuela was deposed by a military-liberal coup, and José de la Serna e Hinojosa became the new viceroy. De la Serna called San Martín to negotiate an end of hostilities. The result was the same than with Pezuela: De la Serna proposed to enact the 1812 Spanish constitution (Perú inside Spain), and San Martín demanded the independence of Peru (with an independent monarchy). The rejection of the Spanish constitution was motivated by the disproportional representation of the Americas in the Constituent Assembly that wrote it.

The question was whether this conflicted with the Eighth Amendment's provision that "excessive fines [not be] imposed". Justice Thomas concluded: > Comparing the gravity of respondent's crime with the $357,144 forfeiture the > Government seeks, we conclude that such a forfeiture would be grossly > disproportional to the gravity of his offense. It is larger than the $5,000 > fine imposed by the District Court by many orders of magnitude, and it bears > no articulable correlation to any injury suffered by the > Government.Bajakajian, 524 U.S. at 339-40.

He was also dismayed by Israel's excessive use of force saying that the Palestinians fight using stones and catapults but the Israelis retaliate with disproportional power by using bullets and bombs. In October 2011, Membe stressed that Tanzania fully supports Palestine's bid to join the United Nations. In May 2011, Membe rejected BAE Systems decision to pay Tanzania the ex gratia amount of £29.5 million via a charity. The amount in question was due to the sale of an overpriced radar to Tanzania in 2002.

Resolution of such conflicts will usually require removal and/or relocation of nuisance otters. Even in larger bodies of water, they may take disproportional advantage of any seasonal concentrations of fish when and where only very limited areas of suitable spawning, low-flow, or over-wintering habitat may exist. Even such fast-swimming species as trout become lethargic in extremely cold water, with a commensurate increase in their vulnerability to predation. As such, careful consideration of any threatened, endangered, or fish species of special interest is warranted prior to reintroduction of otters to a watershed.

Coptic Christians, an ethnoreligious group indigenous to Egypt, face discrimination at multiple levels of the government, ranging from a disproportional representation in government ministries to laws that limit their ability to build or repair churches. Coptic Christians are minimally represented in law enforcement, state security, and public office, and are discriminated against in the workforce on the basis of their religion. In 2009, The Pew Forum ranked Egypt among the 12 worst countries in the world in terms of religious violence against religious minorities and in terms of social hostilities against Christians.

The study showed that there are significant differences in costs related to travel delay for the total road network particularly at the desirable transit-supportive densities. The delay costs incurred by the conventional layout are 12% higher than the fused grid followed by the Neotraditional grid at 3% higher. The conventional layout is less cost-efficient than the fused grid network since they have similar infrastructure costs but the latter delivers significant savings in travel time costs. The travel time benefits of the neo-traditional grid layout are disproportional to the required infrastructure investment.

The Graphene Flagship is a European Union’ scientific research initiative. With a budget of €1 billion, it represents a new form of joint, coordinated research initiative on an unprecedented scale. Through a combined academic- industrial consortium, the research effort covers the entire value chain, from materials production to components and system integration, and targets a number of specific goals that exploit the unique properties of graphene. There are some critics of this and similar initiatives, arguing that excessive funding of graphene-related research and innovation is disproportional to estimates of industrial potential.

Kamuruzzaman was initially arrested on 13 July 2010 and detained for over a year without being formally informed of charges. In November 2011 the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention adopted the opinion that the detention was disproportional and breached human rights conventions. Kamaruzzaman, along with nine other senior members from Jamaat-e-Islami, was charged on seven counts of crimes against humanity during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, including genocide, killing, rape, looting, arson and deportation of unarmed civilians. He denied all charges, saying they were politically motivated.

Catholic Social Teaching recognizes that the poor are the most vulnerable to environmental impact and endure disproportional hardship when natural areas are exploited or damaged. US Bishops established an environmental justice program to assist parishes and dioceses who wanted to conduct education, outreach and advocacy about these issues. The US Conference of Catholic Bishops Environmental Justice Program (EJP)US Conference of Catholic Bishops Environmental Justice Program (EJP) calls Catholics to a deeper respect for God's creation and engages parishes in activities that deal with environmental problems, particularly as they affect the poor.

Most third parties try to build their support to become one of the dominant parties, as the Labour Party in Britain and New Democratic Party in Canada did. In the Westminster system there is also the possibility of minority governments, which can give smaller parties strength disproportional to their support. Examples include the Irish Parliamentary Party which pushed for Home Rule in Ireland in the late 19th century. Challenging parties also usually appeal for votes on the basis that they will try to change the voting system to make it more competitive for all parties.

Introverts can often be seen as distant and unfriendly because of this behavior which may explain some of their loneliness. A neurotic person is extremely anxious, emotional and reacts in a disproportional way to many situations. Someone high in neuroticism generally has a negative attitude which may push people away and prevent them from forming close relationships which may lead to their loneliness. Both of these groups (introverts and neurotics) have been shown to have increased Internet use and in particular increased use of social service sites (i.e.

By evening, President Radev addressed the nation on live television. He accused the government of having used agent provocateurs to radicalize the protest movement, so as to give an excuse for the security forces to unleash "massive and disproportional police brutality against protesters and journalists". Radev appealed to both the protesters and security forces to remain calm and "refuse to be involved in an orchestrated play to save the corrupt government". He finished his speech by demanding the "immediate and unconditional resignation of the cabinet" as the "only possible exit out of the crisis".

In 1970 GAZ-21 Volga was replaced by GAZ-24 and the V8 adoption followed soon, dubbed GAZ-24-24. As the sedan's standard gearbox was now a four on the floor manual, the selector lever was accordingly altered. Unofficially these cars were called "Chasers", and despite their novelty, the engine torque was disproportional to the chassis ability (to prevent excessive burnouts, the factory improvised by adding a 100 kg metal plate into the boot rather than altering the suspension design). This meant a very low service life and also required very professional driving.

The Electoral College allocates votes by giving each state two, and then dividing the remaining votes among the states based on their populations. The two votes being automatically allocated has allowed for disproportional representation of where people live in favor of the smaller states. For instance, California has an estimated 718,404 inhabitants per electoral vote, but Wyoming only has 192,920 per vote.Each state has a number of votes in the Electoral College equal to two more than its number of representatives in the U.S. House, while DC is granted 3 electoral votes.

He found that the forfeiture in this case was clearly intended as a punishment at least in part, was "grossly disproportional", and was a violation of the Excessive Fines Clause.United States v. Bajakajian, 524 U.S. 321 (1998). Thomas has written that in his view, the "Cruel and Unusual Punishment" clause of the Eighth Amendment "contains no proportionality principle", meaning that the question whether a sentence should be rejected as "cruel and unusual punishment" depends only on the sentence itself, and does not depend on what crime is being punished.

Two countries developed noticeable cultural exchange from 1960's onward. The fact that ambitious small countries in periphery or semi-periphery such as Yugoslavia and Finland were frequently capable to use superpowers rivalries to its own disproportional advantage motivated some scholars of the era (e.g. Tvrtko Jakovina) to focus on what they called pericentric studies of Cold War. Non-Aligned (Yugoslavia, Cyprus and Malta) and neutral (Finland, Switzerland, Austria and to extent Sweden) European countries continued to cooperate in effort to gap the Cold War divisions in Europe.

"Even if one assumes that the Founders knew the precise meaning of that English antecedent..., a direct transplant of the English meaning to the soil of American constitutionalism would in any case have been impossible." Because federal common law incorporated no common-law crimes, the Framers could only have meant to check legislative power. They understood the word "unusual" to refer to things that were "not regularly or customarily employed." Furthermore, if the Framers had meant to outlaw 'disproportional' punishments, they would have used that word, as many contemporary state constitutions did.

In her article Puritanism and the New Philosophy in 17th Century England (1935), Dorothy Stimson argued that the primary ingredient in the philosophical changes started by Francis Bacon was Puritanism. This argument was supported in Ancients and Moderns (1936) by Richard Foster Jones and ‘Puritanism, Pietism and Science’ (1938) by Robert K. Merton. Merton noted that there was a disproportional number of Puritan Fellows in the Royal Society compared to the English population. He also summoned the thesis of Max Weber connecting "the Protestant work ethic" with the rise of capitalism.

It was clear that the Dutch army and the regular warships of the Dutch navy could not deter enemy gunboats from descending down the many rivers or from entering the Zuiderzee or the Zeeland delta. Therefore, the Dutch required a disproportional large number of shallow draught vessels for the defense of their cities. A somewhat later table applying to armored vessels showed this. The Dutch naval budget equaled that of Austria, and superseded that of Turkey and Spain, but these three states each deployed 5-9 'battleships', while the Netherlands had none.

It is simplest to assume that vigorish is factored in proportionally to the true odds, although this need not be the case. Under proportional vigorish, a "fair odds" betting line of 2.00/2.00 without vigorish would decrease the payouts of all outcomes equally, perhaps to 1.95/1.95, once it was added. More commonly though, disproportional vigorish will be applied as part of the efforts to keep the amounts wagered balanced, such as 1./2.00, making the outcome with fewer dollars wagered appear more attractive due to the larger payout.

Butterfly on a Wheel (US: Shattered, Europe: Desperate Hours) is a 2007 British–Canadian mystery thriller film directed by Mike Barker, co-produced and written by William Morrissey, and starring Pierce Brosnan, Gerard Butler, and Maria Bello. The film's title is an allusion to a line of Alexander Pope's poem "Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot": "Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?" The line is usually interpreted as questioning why someone would put great effort into achieving something minor or unimportant, or who would punish a minor offender with a disproportional punishment.

5 February 2013. While it is but one example of how gerrymandering can have a significant effect on election outcomes, this kind of disproportional representation of the public will seems to be problematic for the legitimacy of democratic systems, regardless of one's political affiliation. In Michigan, redistricting was constructed by a Republican Legislature in 2011. Federal congressional districts were so designed that cities such as Battle Creek, Grand Rapids, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Lansing, and East Lansing were separated into districts with large conservative-leaning hinterlands that essentially diluted the Democratic votes in those cities in Congressional elections.

The Bharat Rakshak website has extensive data and analysis that uses public domain data and ballistic calculations to show that the range is greatly influenced by use or non-use of thrusters on the RV (required for velocity trimming) for propulsion as a HAM (high-altitude motor). There seems to be room in the RV for about 200 kg fuel (solid or liquid) after allowing for a long but lightweight thermonuclear weapon. This RV integrated HAM is referred to as the half stage after the two solid fuelled stages. This stage provides a disproportional increase in range for a lighter RV payload.

Leg lengthening is a complex process that has traditionally been performed primarily on children to correct disproportional leg lengths. It has also been an option for people with dwarfism to gain height. More recently, the procedure has been used to give people with constitutional short stature two or three extra inches of height. (Constitutional short stature refers to people who are in the bottom fifth percentile of height in their region and do not display any deformities common with dwarfism.) NOSSA claims to receive hundreds of e-mails each year from people requesting more information on cosmetic leg lengthening.

Maria Sveland at the Gothenburg Book Fair in 2011. Maria Sveland (born 1974) is an author and journalist from Sweden, best known for the 2007 book Bitterfittan (a made up Swedish compound noun which could be translated as either Bittercunt or The Bitter Cunt or less literally Bitterbitch or The Bitter Bitch). Bitterfittan is, according to Sveland, not an autobiography but rather a work inspired by her own experiences. The book criticises the institutionalised nuclear family from a radical feminist perspective, pointing out issues such as women's unpaid domestic labour, sexual violence, and the disproportional male/female use of parental leave.

The Global Security Defense Index on climate change evaluates the extents of governments in considering climate change to be a national security issue. Policy interest in climate security risks has grown rapidly and affects the policy agenda in relation to, among other questions, food and energy security, migration policy, and diplomatic efforts. Recognizing that the impact of climate change is spread unevenly across different regions, it remains clear that this is a global challenge which will affect all countries in the long-term. However, there may a disproportional effect in fragile contexts and/or socially vulnerable and marginalized groups.

He was among the first criminologists to claim a direct link between race and crime.Bowling & Phillips (2002:57). This biological perspective, sometimes seen as racist and increasingly unpopular, was criticized by early 20th century scholars, including Frances Kellor, Johan Thorsten Sellin and William Du Bois, who argued that other circumstances, such as social and economic conditions, were the central factors which led to criminal behavior, regardless of race. Du Bois traced the causes of the disproportional representation of Blacks in the criminal justice system back to the improperly handled emancipation of Black slaves in general and the convict leasing program in particular.

Georgiou started the work in monochrome but soon moved to colour. Photographing in spring and autumn helped in subduing the light and avoiding the blue skies familiar from National Geographic and the like. In a review of Georgiou's exhibition Fault Lines at Side Gallery (Newcastle), Katie Lin found that his photographs evoked sadness rather than sympathy resulting from "the desolation and emptiness that features in so many of his shots". In some cases, this desolation was exaggerated by the "disproportional space awarded to the sky" or by the look of the "faces of passersby who just happened to get caught in the frame".

Human cancellous bone possesses a stiffness ranging from 12 to 23 GPa; careful control and modification of manufacturing parameters to achieve similar strengths is imperative for practicality of integration. Correctly predicting the Young's modulus for foams is imperative for actual biomedical integration; a mismatch of Young's moduli between the implant and the bone can result in stress- shielding effects from a disproportional handling of stress. The implant which typically exhibits a higher Young's modulus than the bone will absorb most of the load. As a result of this imbalance, the starting bone density will be reduced, there will be tissue death and, eventually, implant failure.

In the report Pop Goes the Payslip the advice organisation Citizens Advice highlighted examples of people in work worse off under Universal Credit than under the 'legacy' benefits it replaces. Similarly, a report from 2012 by Save the Children highlights how "a single parent with two children, working full- time on or around the minimum wage, could be as much as £2,500 a year worse". Gingerbread has also highlighted their concerns over Universal Credit's disproportional impact on single parent families in particular. As of August 2018, 25% of all recipients were lone parents, with 90% of all single parent families eligible for Universal Credit when the benefit is fully rolled out.

Their conversations also cover the "double nature of fitness for survival" (traits to avoid destroying one's own habitat as well as success in competition to feed and breed, p. 119), and unpredictability including the butterfly effect characterized in terms of multiplicity of variables as well as disproportional response to cause, and self-organization where "a system can be making itself up as it goes along" (p. 137). The book is infused with many real-world economic and biological examples, which help keep the book "down to earth" and comprehensible, if dense. Concepts are furnished with both economic and biological examples, showing their coherence in both worlds.

Said's survey concentrated upon the British and the French varieties of Orientalism that supported the British Empire and the French Empire as commercial enterprises constructed from colonialism, and gave perfunctory coverage, discussion, and analyses of German Orientalist scholarship.Eagleton, Terry. Eastern Block (book review of For Lust of Knowing: The Orientalists and Their Enemies, 2006, by Robert Irwin) , New Statesman, 13 February 2006. Such disproportional investigation provoked criticism from opponents and embarrassment for supporters of Said, who, in "Orientalism Reconsidered" (1985), said that no single opponent provided a rationale, by which limited coverage of German Orientalism limits either the scholarly value or the practical application of Orientalism as a cultural study.

The term 'metropolitan bias' has been used to describe unequal allocation of resources, such as governmental services. In one study, Ferré et al (2010) noted that, in the 1970s to 1980s, "urban bias" was a tendency of governments to disproportionately tax rural activities like agriculture and invest in urban-based industrialization. By 2010, they state, 75% of those living in extreme poverty (defined as less than $1 per day) lived in rural settings. In eight developing countries examined (Albania, Brazil, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Mexico, Morocco, Thailand, and Sri Lanka), the authors noted a disproportional amount of services for the poor were available in urban areas.

The Finance Ministry of Israel presented data which indicates an unreasonable rise in the number of exempt young men. According to that data the number of the students grew 237% between the years 1985–1998, while the number of young men growth at the same period was 354%. This disproportional increase, creating an economical and a security burden on the other sectors of the Israeli population, led to an appeal to the Israeli Supreme Court. The Tal committee was appointed after the Supreme Court determined that the minister of defense had no authority to determine the extent of the exemption from army service given to ultra-Orthodox yeshiva students.

Although they did not directly prove the cause for this relationship, McConkey and Drake proposed a behavioral mechanism. Flying foxes are known to be territorial, and in the absence of competition a flying fox will eat within one tree, effectively dropping the seeds right below it. Alternatively, if there is a high density of flying foxes feeding at one time (abundance above the threshold density) then aggressive behavior, such as stealing fruit from another individual's territory, will lead to longer average seed dispersal. In this way the seed dispersing flying fox has a disproportional effect on the overall community structure in comparison to their relative biomass.

Ubykh, an extinct Northwest Caucasian language, has the largest consonant inventory of all documented languages that do not use clicks, and also has the most disproportional ratio of phonemic consonants to vowels. It has consonants in at least eight, perhaps nine, basic places of articulation and 29 distinct fricatives, 27 sibilants, and 20 uvulars, more than any other documented language. Some Khoisan languages, such as ǃXóõ, may have larger consonant inventories due to their extensive use of click consonants, although some analysesSee for instance view a large proportion of the clicks in these languages as clusters, which would bring them closer into line with the Caucasian languages.

Her expression, near identical to the 1508 drawing, is difficult to interpret, as it contains none of the passivity, chastity, or sly sidelong glances usually associated with contemporary depictions of her.Hults, 226 She is given a monumental and statuesque pose, but without the sense of pagan sensuality present in his 1507 Adam and Eve in the Prado, Madrid.Sander, 206 Critics have remarked unfavourably on her sour expression, unnaturally elongated and disproportional figure, and uncomfortable contrapposto pose.Hults, 209 The painting has been described as one of Dürer's most unpopular works, with many art historians, including Max Friedländer and Erwin Panofsky, commenting unfavourably on apparent qualities such as "austerity and awkwardness".

The court held that, once it is established that such a risk exists, a fundamental principle of the South African criminal justice system has been offended.Para 38. Having regard to the importance of the right to be presumed innocent in the South African criminal justice system and the fact that the State could have achieved its objective by less intrusive means, the imposition of the legal burden upon an accused had a disproportional impact on the right in question. In these circumstances, the court held, the risk of convicting an innocent person was too high, and outweighed the other considerations in favour of the limitation.

There were only two divines at the Assembly who held the Erastian view, John Lightfoot and Thomas Coleman, but the presence of members of Parliament, especially John Selden, as well as the fact of parliamentary oversight of the Assembly, gave Erastian views disproportional influence. Several episcopalians, supporters of the existing system of bishops, were also included in the summoning ordinance, but Parliament may have nominated them to lend greater legitimacy to the Assembly and not have expected them to attend because Charles had not approved of the Assembly. Only one, Daniel Featley, participated, and he only until his arrest for treason in October 1643. Debate on church officers began on 19 October.

In 1998, the Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Bajakajian that the government may not confiscate money from an individual for failure to report it on a Currency and Other Monetary Instruments Report (CMIR), as such punishment would be "grossly disproportional to the gravity of [the] offense" and unconstitutional under the Excessive Fines clause of the Eighth Amendment. Bajakajian and his family had tried to take $357,144 out of the United States in their luggage, and the government had seized it under the Bank Secrecy Act, which allows forfeiture of "any property, real or personal, involved in such offense". It was the first time the Supreme Court struck down the federal government's "aggressive use of forfeiture".

As Schulze STV reduces to the Schulze method in single winner elections, it fails the participation criterion, the later-no-harm criterion and the later-no-help criterion, whereas traditional forms of STV (that reduce to IRV in single winner elections) fulfill later-no-help and later-no-harm. STV methods which make use of Meek's or Warren's method are resistant to Woodall Free Riding, but are still vulnerable to Hylland Free Riding. Schulze's method is not vulnerable to Hylland Free Riding, except where necessary in order to meet the Droop proportionality criterion. A method which doesn't meet the Droop proportionality criterion has the potential to give disproportional results, unless it meets a similar proportionality criterion.

The second was the autonomist, pro-Italian, called the Autonomist Party. The Habsburg Empire had its own agenda in Dalmatia, that opposed the formation of the Italian state in the Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states, but supported the development of Italian culture in Dalmatia, maintaining a delicate balance that primarily served its own interests. At the time, the vast majority of the rural population spoke Croatian while the city aristocracy spoke Italian. The Italian-leaning high society promulgated the idea of a separate Dalmatian national identity under the multi-ethnic Austro-Hungarian monarchy (not necessarily unified with Italy), which, coupled with a property census that gave them disproportional political representation, tended to maintain their social status.

"Disproportional inflation" refers to inflation in a particular economic sector that is substantially greater than inflation in general costs of living. The following graph shows the inflation rates of general costs of living (for urban consumers; the CPI-U), medical costs (medical costs component of the consumer price index (CPI)), and college and tuition and fees for private four-year colleges (from College Board data) from 1978 to 2008. All rates are computed relative to 1978.Data sources listed in alt="Excess inflation of college tuition illustrated" Cost of living increased roughly 3.25-fold during this time; medical costs inflated roughly 6-fold; but college tuition and fees inflation approached 10-fold.

His gesture was understood in Poland as being addressed to all Poles, although it was made at the site of the Warsaw Ghetto and thus directed primarily toward the Jews. The notable reconciliation process between the Polish and German nations was initiated five years earlier, when the Polish Church leaders issued the Letter of Reconciliation of the Polish Bishops to the German Bishops, criticized then by the Polish government. Gomułka felt proud and secure after the treaty with West Germany, his milestone political achievement. It signified a lasting trend in Poland's international policy: extricating the country from the disproportional dependence on Russia and compensating the security vulnerability by building good relations with Germany.

The illegal nature of the market also affects the health of consumers by making it difficult to acquire syringes, which often leads to needle sharing. Prominent economist Milton Friedman argues that prohibition of drugs creates many negative externalities like increased incarceration rates, the undertreatment of chronic pain, corruption, disproportional imprisonment of African Americans, compounding harm to users, the destruction of inner cities and harm to foreign countries. Proponents of legalization also argue that prohibition decrease the quality of the drugs made, which often leads to more physical harm, like accidental overdoses and poisoning, to the drug users. Steven D. Levitt and Ilyana Kuziemko point to the over crowding of prisons as another negative side effect of the war on drugs.

The system of universal suffrage did not exist in the United Kingdom until 1928. From the birth of the United Kingdom, the franchise had been restricted to males by custom rather than statute; on rare occasions women had been able to vote in parliamentary elections as a result of property ownership until the 1832 Great Reform Act specified "male persons". The first Act to increase the size of the electorate was the Reform Act 1832 (sometimes known as the Great Reform Act). It abolished 56 rotten boroughs (which had elected 112 MPs) and decreased the property qualification in boroughs. It gave some parliamentary representation to the industrial towns (142 MPs) by redistributing some MPs from boroughs who had disproportional representation.

Grade 5: full active range of motion & Normal muscle resistance Grade 4: full active range of motion & Reduced muscle resistance Grade 3: full active range of motion & No muscle resistance Grade 2: Reduced active range of motion & No muscle resistance Grade 1: No active range of motion & Palpable muscle contraction only Grade 0: No active range of motion & No palpable muscle contraction Manual muscle testing, however, has a number of limitations. One limitation is that the MRC scale is an ordinal scale with disproportional distances between grades. Another limitation of the MRC scale is that the scoring depends on the judgment of the examiner. Finally, with the 6-point ordinal MRC scale, it is difficult to identify relatively small but clinically relevant changes in muscle strength.

The Dohna station of the Müglitz Valley Railway Around 1875, the Royal Saxon State railway network, unlike other states in Germany, had already expanded to cover most of the territory of Saxony. Due to the mountainous terrain, any further expansion was met with a disproportional cost increase. In order to keep costs down, most new track projects were then planned and executed as branch lines, with smaller radii for curves, simpler operating rules and unsupervised stations and yards as the primary means to save costs. However, to connect the small towns and villages in the deep and narrow Ore Mountain valleys with their diverse industry, standard-gauge tracks were only feasible with an enormous amount of technical and financial investment.

Men benefit financially from their gender status in historically female fields, often "reaping the benefits of their token status to reach higher levels in female-dominated work." A 2008 study published in Social Problems found that sex segregation in nursing did not follow the "glass escalator" pattern of disproportional vertical distribution; rather, men and women gravitated towards different areas within the field, with male nurses tending to specialize in areas of work perceived as "masculine". The article noted that "men encounter powerful social pressures that direct them away from entering female-dominated occupations (Jacobs 1989, 1993)". Since female- dominated occupations are usually characterized with more feminine activities, men who enter these jobs can be perceived socially as "effeminate, homosexual, or sexual predators".

Kennedy has also worked closely with the Katal Center for Health, Equity and Justice to campaign for passage of speedy trial reform and criminal justice reform before the New York Assembly. On June 21, 2017, Kennedy, through her organization, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights, posted the $100,000 bail for Pedro Hernandez, a 17-year- old who had spent over a year in pretrial detention at Rikers Island in connection with a shooting investigation. Hernandez had become the face of bail reform following extensive reporting on his incarceration by Daily News columnist Shaun King. Hernandez's bail had initially been set at over $250,000, but that sum was lowered to $100,000 after Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights argued such a high sum was disproportional.

" Likewise considering the relationship between the concept musical and megamusical, Siropoulos finds that the concept musical "is the product of a culture permeated by spectacle... The concept musical's disproportional concentration on the visual aspects of performance goes hand in hand with representational ends, an obligation to represent, however obliquely, the external world." Siropoulos also argues that Prince, over any of his peers, is the true link between the concept musical and megamusical. Prince's work on Company and Evita, in particular, showcase his abilities in directing two distinct styles. Dramaturg Scott McMillin argues that the concept musical built upon the theories of Rodgers and Hammerstein to bring the genre into the modern era, allowing the musical to become "arguably the major form of drama produced so far in America.

Networks are emphasized as a key component that are very energy disproportional and contribute to poor cluster and datacenter-level energy proportionality, especially as other components in a server and datacenter become more energy proportional. The main reason they are not energy proportional is because networking elements are conventionally always on due to the way routing protocols are designed, and the unpredictability of message traffic. Clearly, links cannot be shut down entirely when not in use due to the adverse impact this would make on routing algorithms (the links would be seen as faulty or missing, causing bandwidth and load balancing issues in the larger network). Furthermore, the latency and energy penalties that are typically incurred from switching hardware to low power modes would likely degrade both overall network performance and perhaps energy.

General Heinz Guderian, one of the creators of the combined-arms tactical doctrine commonly known as "blitzkrieg", believed the best way to provide cover for the crossing would be a continuous stream of ground attack aircraft on French defenders. Though few guns were hit, the attacks kept the French under cover and prevented them from manning their guns. Aided by the sirens attached to Stukas, the psychological impact was disproportional to the destructive power of close air support (although as often as not, the Stukas were used as tactical bombers instead of close air support, leaving much of the actual work to the older Hs 123 units for the first years of the war). In addition, the reliance on air support over artillery reduced the demand for logistical support through the Ardennes.

This image shows the disproportional effects of the Playmander: All elections from 1938 to 1968 (shaded in pink) ended with the Australian Labor Party having a smaller proportion of 39 state parliamentary seats than the popular vote, with the Liberal & Country Party having a greater proportion. The change to a 47-seat parliament in 1970 reduced the effect of the Playmander When South Australia first gained responsible government in 1856, its constitution required that there be two country seats for every one seat in Adelaide and its suburbs. Thus, rural overweighting was written into the constitution. With the merger of the Liberal Federation and the Country Party in 1932 to form the Liberal and Country League, the Country Party demanded key concessions as part of the deal, particularly to the electoral system.

Sink OFCs ordered by value (highlighting U.K. dependencies) A seminal 2017 academic study published in Nature magazine on the classification of tax havens and offshore financial centres used the related term of "Sink offshore financial centre", instead of "black hole", to describe locations like Bermuda as: "jurisdictions in which a disproportional amount of value disappears from the economic system". In the study Bermuda was ranked as the 5th largest of 24 Sink OFCs identified and classified in the study (see graphic). The 2017 study, which was titled Uncovering Offshore Financial Centers: Conduits and Sinks in the Global Corporate Ownership Network, used quantitative analysis techniques to prove that some global jurisdictions act like corporate taxation "black holes" (e.g. the Sink OFCs), where funds are sent as their legal "terminus".

A sticker on a telephone pole advertising the ABC Campaign Greens, Liberals, and NDP are much closer to each other than to Conservatives Anything But Conservative ( or N'importe quoi d'autre que conservateur), also known as the ABC campaign and Vote ABC, is a political campaign whose aim is to defeat the Conservatives in Canadian federal elections. It encourages strategic voting. Canadian federal elections use first-past-the-post voting which allows a party with minority support among the population to win the majority of the seats in the parliament. Given the current make-up of existing political parties, the progressive vote tends to split between the progressive federal parties, the NDP, Liberals and Greens, which allows for the Conservatives to win a disproportional number of seats in the parliament compared to their popular support.

In June 2011, a survey by the Oslo Municipality found that 33 per cent of Jewish students in Oslo are physically threatened or abused by other high school teens at least two to three times a month (compared to 10% for Buddhists and 5.3% of Muslims) The survey also found that 51% of high school students consider "Jew" a negative expression and 60% had heard other students use the term.Norway’s disproportional antisemitism revealed by Dr. Manfred Gerstenfeld, Jewish Tribune, Tuesday, July 5, 2011. In according with this, Manfred Gerstenfeld has pointed out in 2013 that Jewish people in Norway suffer from old-world stereotypes and prejudice. He also cited a survey from 2011 that found out that 38 percent of Norwegians believe that Israel is a Nazi state.

Therefore, as a result of population changes, the representation of some counties has become disproportional. The largest discrepancies occur in the counties of the Manu‘a islands, whose population has significantly decreased, and in Tualauta, whose population has increased much more than the rest of the territory. In 2017 and 2018, proposals were made to add one or two representatives from Tualauta, while possibly reducing one representative from Manu‘a.Taulauta faipule Vui seeks to amend Constitution to add two more seats for her district, Samoa News, April 7, 2017. Proposals have also been made to restore two additional senators from Manu‘a, resulting in the five senators (one per county) that Manu‘a had before the constitutional revision of 1967."One man, one vote" caused reduction of Manu‘a senate seats, Samoa News, April 18, 2017.

The study of Alltagsgeschichte was greatly influenced by the History Workshop movement in Britain set up by the Marxist historian E.P. Thompson and like the British Workshop groups, many involved in the Alltagsgeschichte study groups were not historians with a disproportional number of the volunteers being high-school students. The American historian Mary Nolan wrote with some envy about the way in which thousands of German high school students became involved in the Alltagsgeschichte study groups, observing that it was simply inconceivable that thousands of American high school students would join study groups to research the histories of their home towns in the 1930s-1940s as most Americans have no interest in history. In 1984, Peukert was awarded the annual culture prize given by the city of Essen for his work with a history workshop group in Essen.

The Herzegovina lobby or Herzegovinian lobby (Bosnian and ) is a disputed term that emerged in Croatia in the 1990s for the alleged disproportional influence of Croats from the Herzegovina region of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the politics of Croatia. At times it has been described it as a major factor in contemporary Croatian politics and the most powerful lobby in Croatia, it is also viewed as a stereotype, pejorative, and nonexistent. Proponents of the existence of such a lobby claim that it helped fund Croatia's war-time president Franjo Tuđman, his Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) political party, and his involvement in the Bosnian War, during which the lobby openly advocated annexing Herzegovina. During the Bosnian War, Croats in Herzegovina, were more interested in unifying with Croatia than being a part of an independent Bosniak-dominated Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The national government enforced contracts, tariffs, and an expanding infrastructure, all in the best interest of the professionals in the merchant, financial, and manufacturing classes, which in turn, benefited the population at large. These professionals also Developed an economic interest in the federal government, because as the war progressed, Union League ideas had their effect and New York City's elite bore a disproportional amount of the nation's debt. As they bought more and more war bonds, the holders had an increasing economic interest in the success of the Union, in addition to the convictions that led them to buy the bonds in the first place. Edward Lamson Henry's Presentation of Colors, 1864, depicts the outfitting of two African-American regiments at the Union League Club of New York's first clubhouse on 17th Street, facing Union Square The club held its first official meeting on March 20, 1863.

After working at the Hindu Mission in Calcutta for eighteen months, and having been influenced by V.D. Savarkar's concept of Hindutva, Devi concluded that "...nothing is more necessary, to-day, than to revive, to exalt, to cultivate intelligent Hinduism through the length and breadth of India."p. 39 A Warning to the Hindus is Devi's attempt to alert Hindus to the threat of submergence and cultural alienation which she saw as resulting from the disproportional growth of the Muslim population in India. She thought the hitherto complacent response of upper-caste Hindus would result in Hinduism suffering the same fate as pagan classical Greece. The book expresses admiration of Hinduism for its view of visible beauty, its broad artistic outlook on life and the universe, and its conception of God as both creative and destructive: living expressions of Aryan Paganism which Devi saw as being lost in the West.

It was founded in Valencia in 1927 (after a preliminary meeting the previous year in Marseille, France), to campaign for keeping the CNT on an anarchist path by challenging the bureaucracy of the CNT—which it viewed as having grown to become a mediating link between labor and capital, rather than a representative of the working class. This issue was becoming especially tense, as Miguel Primo de Rivera's dictatorial regime took over in Spain, and engineered a crackdown on labour movements. The disproportional hegemony which the FAI gained over CNT politics in the early 1930s led to confrontation with the less radical revolutionary syndicalist members. From 1931, in the first years of the Second Spanish Republic, possibilist union officials (the pro-Republican 'Treinta' and their followers) were systematically forced out of office or expelled, leading to the creation of anti-FAI opposition unions within the CNT in March 1933.

Legislation and judicial decisions criminalizing marital rape are opposed by some men's rights groups in the United Kingdom, the United States excerpt: "Other men's rights advocacy groups use family conflict research .. to eliminate laws defining marital rape as a crime (the Equal Justice Foundation: ww.ejfi.org)" note: EJFI is in Colorado and India. excerpt: "The Government has not included marital rape in its anti-rape ordinance appealing that it is a complex issue that involves multiple stakeholders... mens rights activists are constantly clamouring that Section 498(A), the Domestic Violence Act is being misused" The reasons for opposition include concerns about false allegations related to divorce proceedings, and the belief that sex within marriage is an irrevocable part of the institution of marriage. In India, there has been anxiety about relationships and the future of marriage that such laws have given women "grossly disproportional rights".

Nonetheless, the proportion of people knowing Russian (98%) was still higher than the proportion of people knowing Latvian (92%). If overall 1% of the respondents with the native language of Latvian did not know Russian, 8% of the respondents whose native language was Russian reported not having any knowledge of Latvian in return. The report also noted the disproportional demand for Russian language skills and linguistic discrimination of non-Russian-speaking candidates in the job market. The follow-up research "Language situation in Latvia: 2010–2015" pointed out the dysfunctional Employment Law, stating "Russian language knowledge is expected almost everywhere, while in the service industry it is effectively impossible to work without Russian language proficiency", but the Head of the Latvian State Language Center Antons Kursītis named it one of the main reasons influencing youth emigration, saying that "young people and residents without Russian language knowledge cannot find work in some areas and for this reason leave to go work in Europe".

The first joint conference was held in 1989, at the University of Toronto—but that was the 16th annual meeting of ALLC, and the ninth annual meeting of the ACH- sponsored International Conference on Computers and the Humanities (ICCH). The Chronicle of Higher Education has called the conference "highly competitive" but "worth the price of admission," praising its participants' focus on best practices, the intellectual community it has fostered, and the tendency of its organizers to sponsor attendance of early-career scholars (important given the relative expense of attending it, as compared to other academic conferences). An analysis of the Digital Humanities conference abstracts between 2004 and 2014 highlights some trends evident in the evolution of the conference (such as the increasing rate of new authors entering the field, and the continuing disproportional predominance of authors from North America represented in the abstracts). An extended study (2000-2015) offer a feminist and critical engagement of Digital Humanities conferences with solutions for a more inclusive culture.

Acerbo and the Mediterraneanists in his High Council on Demography and Race sought to bring the regime back to supporting Mediterraneanism by thoroughly denouncing the pro-Nordicist Manifesto of the Racial Scientists. The Council recognized Aryans as being a linguistic-based group, and condemned the Manifesto for denying the influence of pre-Aryan civilization on modern Italy, saying that the Manifesto "constitutes an unjustifiable and undemonstrable negation of the anthropological, ethnological, and archaeological discoveries that have occurred and are occurring in our country". Furthermore, the Council denounced the Manifesto for "implicitly" crediting Germanic invaders of Italy in the guise of the Lombards for having "a formative influence on the Italian race in a disproportional degree to the number of invaders and to their biological predominance". The High Council claimed that the obvious superiority of the ancient Greeks and Romans in comparison with the ancient Germanic tribes made it inconceivable that Italian culture owed a debt to ancient Germans.

The defense attorney, Mr. Scott White, asserted that the EMW provides other necessary women's care that would classify the clinic as a general health facility, not an abortion clinic, including providing mammograms and other care. The inspection that reported the unsanitary conditions was initiated by an anonymous call to the Kentucky Department of Health and Family Services. The testimony from the two inspectors later disclosed to the attorney for EMW of Lexington, Mr. Scott White, later revealed that the anonymous call was from the office of the governor, Matt Bevin, and whom's office instructed the inspectors not to return without finding something. Judge Scorsone denied the Kentucky Department of Health and Family Service's request for a temporary injunction to close the EMW Women's Clinic, citing the undue burden to the people's right to have an abortion and the closure of the clinic would have a disproportional impact to Kentucky by the clinic being only one of two facilities that will provide an abortion within the state.

She further suggested that the legislation was disproportional, violated a woman's right to equality (by criminalizing a medical practice only needed by women, while the denial of an abortion was a clear example of discrimination against women violating their constitutional rights to health and life). Besides article 122 of the Penal Code, Roa also challenged the phrase in article 123 which subjected those who practised abortions on minors under fourteen to a higher prison sentence, as she said it violated a young girl's constitutionally- recognized autonomy. Finally, Roa challenged the entirety of article 124, because merely initiating criminal proceedings for an abortion in the face of sexual violence was violation of a woman's dignity, freedom and autonomy. Supporting her arguments, Roa also argued that clandestine abortions threatened a woman's life and cited several opinions from international organizations and international human rights instruments (which are of constitutional value and legally binding in Colombian constitutional law).

However these efforts were challenged by Mussolini's endorsement of Nordicist figures with the appointment of staunch spiritual Nordicist Alberto Luchini as head of Italy's Racial Office in May 1941, as well as with Mussolini becoming interested in Julius Evola's spiritual Nordicism in late 1941. Acerbo and the Mediterraneanists in his High Council on Demography and Race sought to bring the regime back to supporting Mediterraneanism by thoroughly denouncing the pro-Nordicist Manifesto of the Racial Scientists. The Council recognized Aryans as being a linguistic-based group, and condemned the Manifesto for denying the influence of pre-Aryan civilization on modern Italy, saying that the Manifesto "constitutes an unjustifiable and undemonstrable negation of the anthropological, ethnological, and archaeological discoveries that have occurred and are occurring in our country". Furthermore, the Council denounced the Manifesto for "implicitly" crediting Germanic invaders of Italy in the guise of the Lombards for having "a formative influence on the Italian race in a disproportional degree to the number of invaders and to their biological predominance".

Like other insects of the order Hemiptera, A.pisum utilizes an endosymbiotic bacterium to overcome the nutritional deficiencies of phloem sap. A. pisum feeds on phloem sap of host plants including Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Pisum sativa (pea), Trifolium pretense (red clover), and Vicia faba (broad bean). The phloem saps of these plants are nutritionally rich in carbohydrates but poor in terms of nitrogen.Douglas, A.E. (1993) The Nutritional Quality of Phloem Sap Utilized by Natural Aphid Populations. Ecol Entomol 18, 31-38Douglas, A.E. (2006) Phloem-sap feeding by animals: problems and solutions. J Exp Bot 57, 747-754Gunduz, E.A. and Douglas, A.E. (2009) Symbiotic bacteria enable insect to use a nutritionally inadequate diet. P Roy Soc B-Biol Sci 276, 987-991Sandstrom, J. and Moran, N. (1999) How nutritionally imbalanced is phloem sap for aphids? Entomol Exp Appl 91, 203-210 The ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids in these phloem saps ranges from 1:4-1:20. This ratio of essential to nonessential amino acids is severely disproportional compared to the 1:1 ratio present in animal tissues and necessary for survival.

' At one point, 29-year old employee of the Szhapov's Factory — Nikolay Mikhalin, a former soldier with the Emperor's Own Horse Guard Regiment (an elite cuirassier regiment of the Russian Imperial Guards) and a keen monarchist, armed with a cut-out of a steel pipe, got into cab and confronted Bauman, trying to take a red banner from the latter. In the following struggle Bauman somehow managed to produce a Browning semi-automatic pistol and shot at Mikhalin once, but the latter, a six-feet tall dark-haired man of considerable strength — with the help of his swordsmanship — managed to hit Bauman on the pistol-holding arm with his pipe cut-out, so he missed Mikhalin, who then struck Bauman three times on the head with the same instrument, causing almost instant death (with two hits later described by a doctor as deadly). According to records of the CPSU Bauman was the first member of Central Committee of the Bolshevik party, who died a violent death. Mikhalin voluntarily gave himself up to the police within an hour of the incident and was sentenced by the Moscow District Court to 18 months of imprisonment for disproportional use of force causing death to the victim.