These discriminations were extended to South Asians and Japanese in subsequent exclusion laws.
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Well, yes there are discriminations and we're only talking about the legal basis.
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Some might say that the Declaration lacks relevance since discriminations and conflicts still exist.
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Two former cheerleaders from other teams recently filed discriminations suits against their former teams and the NFL.
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But Washington did have a point in fearing that "the founding of [parties] on geographical discriminations," could spell trouble.
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This is especially alarming as the Supreme Court prepares to hear oral arguments in three workplace discriminations next month.
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Indeed, many of the most nuanced discriminations are required not by French or German but among isolated traditional communities.
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The 19th-century reformer Swami Vivekananda called the state a "lunatic asylum" for its humiliating range of caste discriminations.
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Spread throughout the exhibition are reminders of the particular political situations and daily discriminations with which Indigenous Americans were contending.
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The discriminations allowed by the law would run deeper than permitting grocery stores to refuse to bake a gay wedding cake.
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In the future, however, we will be able to make finer discriminations about the identities, destinations, and activities of individual passengers.
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The bill would further prevent local governments from passing anti-discriminations measures that would allow companies to adopt their own bathroom policies.
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Although this decision doesn't necessarily predict how Trump will handle wider discriminations towards the LGBTQ community, it's a step in the right direction.
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The Attorney General is asking for all documents relating to official or unofficial complaints of sexual harassment or other discriminations at the company.
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And yet you know that most of their grindingly dull exploitations and discriminations, the uneven distributions of advantage, involve no sex at all.
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"Essentially, we come from really hard working parents that have always faced these discriminations and that's how we've acquired our characteristics," she says.
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"They were basically enacted to address longstanding discriminations against women," said Alina Salganicoff, director of women's health policy at the Kaiser Family Foundation.
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There is no downside for the international community pressing governments where there are widespread discriminations against women, or ethnic minorities, or religious minorities.
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Instead, they argued, the court should assess Mr. Trump's action with the skeptical, probing "strict scrutiny" standard traditionally applied to religious discriminations by government.
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But making discriminations isn't always discriminatory, and it isn't a knockdown argument against a rule to say that it excludes good candidates and includes bad ones.
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But the similarities between your maps and maps of slavery are a reminder of the way that our past injustices and discriminations and conflicts affect things today.
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If you look at the whole world, there are something like 30 countries with 10 or more such discriminations embedded in their laws, in their national legislation.
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"The situation is mediocre for LGBTQ rights in Switzerland," Muriel Waeger, the co-director of "Against Discriminations, Yes," a committee that pushed for the referendum, told the newspaper.
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Whatever their shortcomings, they together cast a necessary light on a country whose understanding of race is quite different from ours, but whose discriminations are all too familiar.
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As Shellabarger noted, the Boutwell proposal still "leaves to the States the power to make discriminations as to who shall vote," which could be turned against the formerly enslaved.
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La France compte la plus importante population de juifs et de musulmans en Europe, et les musulmans sont victimes de discriminations récurrentes à l'emploi et face à la police.
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The logic of value and its obverse, worthlessness, unfolds its annihilating consequence, compelling ever new, ever deeper discriminations, criminalizations, and devaluations to the point of annihilating all of unworthy life.
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It explores individual feelings, struggle and taking hold of your own dreams and passions, and of course discusses the isolation and discriminations that individuals experience, both in the past and now.
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Today, the Supreme Court told the president he is right and that courts will not stop him from subjecting migrants to discriminations and abuses that this administration could not impose on citizens.
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However, it is the specific tragedies of racist and sexual violence, the psychological burden of street harassment and other normalized discriminations that make Shange's masterpiece so deeply aligned with Black women's experiences.
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" The Impressionists, however, discovered "that the whole view is potentially a picture," and so for them "all-over light comes to take the place of the figure-field discriminations that one had relinquished.
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" In a less celebratory moment, here's another example, a melodic turn making its discriminations about an important food of Blount's native South: " 'I like grits,' Chet Atkins used to say, 'because they have no bones.
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The most common categorical markers here have to do, not surprisingly, with race and gender—though they aren't the only domains of disparity; but even so, these foundational discriminations often form the template for it.
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"It is now our job as members of Parliament to pass a fair bill that does not extend or create any new discriminations," an emotional government lawmaker Warren Entsch, who helped draft the bill, told Parliament.
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And while anti-discrimination laws do exist, many of the issues surrounding voice analysis run into broader questions of when it's okay to use information and what constitutes discriminations, which are concepts that we as a society have not adequately grappled with.
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Robert McCaw, the group's director of governmental affairs, said that while awareness and reporting of hate crimes have improved, daily acts of bullying or discriminations in schools, workplaces and in public are not included in the F.B.I.'s analysis, which focused on violent crimes.
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One useful starting point to answer your question is to look at how discriminations are embedded in countries around the world — in constitutions, civil codes, family law, tax codes, labor codes, and every legal instrument that you can imagine having an impact on how the law treats women compared to men.
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"They have real risks in Indonesia, real discriminations," Andreas Harsono, the Indonesia researcher for Human Rights Watch, told me via email, explaining that Indonesia still didn't have programs in place to assist the victims of ethnic or religious violence, and that many of those who were in power while such atrocities took place still hold sway and influence in the country.
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I think there is also a role for international organizations, such as the IMF [International Monetary Fund] and the World Bank to consider using the great leverage they have, especially in the developing countries where many of these restrictions are located, to press countries to be more proactive in the elimination of these kinds of discriminations, which continually hold women back.
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Further discriminations may be made by quantitative studies of these properties.
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Perception and Psychophysics, 44, 563–575. In other words, Reingold and Merikle argued that it is impossible for indirect measures to provide a more comprehensive understanding of relevant perceptual information than for direct measures such as indirect discriminations are always less than or equally sensitive to relevant perceptual information to direct discriminations.
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It also stressed the women's rights, anti-discrimination and minority issues, such as demand for legislation against racial and sexual orientation discriminations.
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The Law enshrined recommendations of Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities while awarding punitive damages to victims of discriminations living with disabilities.
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Active classification effort and attention are often necessary to produce perceptual learning effects. However, in some cases, mere exposure to certain stimulus variations can produce improved discriminations.
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Cotton Mather in his Wonders of the Invisible World gave an account of Gaule's witch-theories and their discriminations; George Lincoln Burr regarded the account as distorted, however.
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By opposing Manusmriti's social order given in the form of a complex web of hierarchies and discriminations, the Book of Poruḷ suggests human brotherhood and oneness of humanity.
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This was then in charge of announcing the ever-growing number of anti-Semitic discriminations to its members, and supervising their obedience. In June 1943, the Reichssicherheitshauptamt forcibly dissolved the new Reichsvereinigung.
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The inverted spectrum is the hypothetical concept of two people sharing their color vocabulary and discriminations, although the colors one sees—one's qualia—are systematically different from the colors the other person sees.
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Claude Ribbe on 28 April 2007 during the Marche contre les discriminations envers les Français d'Outre-Mer, in Paris, France. Claude Ribbe (born 13 October 1954) is a French writer, activist and filmmaker.
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In contrast, the proportion of electrical skin changes that occurred in response to the stimuli which were not reinforced was significantly less. As a whole, participants were able to make below threshold discriminations.
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Julian Warner (2010, p. 4-5) suggests that The domain analytic approach (e.g., Hjørland 2010) suggests that the relevant criteria for making discriminations in information retrieval are scientific and scholarly criteria. In some fields (e.g.
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A 2004 meta-analysis attempted to analyze personality disorders in light of the five-factor personality theory and failed to find meaningful discriminations; it did find that elevated neuroticism is correlated with many personality disorders.
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Murray Glanzer and John K. Adams first described the mirror effect in 1985. The mirror effect has been effective in tests of associative recognition, measures of latency responses, discriminations of order, and others (Glanzer & Adams, 1985).
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The humanity was the criterion of personality for the Nizami Ganjavi. The heroes of this poet are representing the nations of Turkish, Persian, Arabic, Indian, Chinese, Greek and Georgian as long as he was against racial, national and religious discriminations.
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Accessed 4 March 2015. "Dressing up as 'another culture', is racist, and an act of privilege. Not only does it lead to offensive, inaccurate, and stereotypical portrayals of other people's culture ... but is also an act of appropriation in which someone who does not experience that oppression is able to 'play', temporarily, an 'exotic' other, without experience any of the daily discriminations faced by other cultures." Kjerstin Johnson has written that, when this is done, the imitator, "who does not experience that oppression is able to 'play', temporarily, an 'exotic' other, without experiencing any of the daily discriminations faced by other cultures".
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Initial Vigilance Taxonomy studies relied on assumptions regarding the mental workload associated with discrimination tasks, rather than a direct quantification of that workload. Successive discriminations, for example, were assumed to impose a greater workload than simultaneous discriminations. Beginning in the late 1990s, neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) have been employed to independently assess brain activation and mental workload during vigilance experiments. These neuroimaging techniques estimate brain activation by measuring the blood flow (fMRI and TCD) or glucose metabolism (PET) associated with specific brain regions.
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All persons included as compulsory members had to pay contributions for the maintenance of the bureaucracy and its tasks. They also all underlay the full discriminations and persecutions imposed by the Nazis and were publicly labelled by the Yellow badge from 1 September 1941.
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Another argument raised is that because the federal income tax is progressive, the discriminations and inequalities created by the tax should render the tax unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment, which guarantees equal protection under the law. Such arguments have been ruled without merit under contemporary jurisprudence.
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Research on basic sensory discriminations often show that perceptual learning effects are specific to the trained task or stimulus.Fahle, M., Poggio, T. (2002) Perceptual learning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Many researchers take this to suggest that perceptual learning may work by modifying the receptive fields of the cells (e.g.
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The differences between seawater sulfates and sulfides (c. 21‰ vs -10‰) aid scientists in the discriminations. Sulfur tends to be more plentiful in less aerobic areas, such as benthic systems and marsh plants, than the pelagic and more aerobic systems. Thus, in the benthic systems, there are smaller δ34S values.
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This discrimination did not affect Israeli West Bank settlers, who were allowed to be taxed at the lower rates operant in Israel. Similarly the self-employed West Bankers appeared to pay more than their Israeli counterparts, but due to the different deductibility regimes, clearer conclusions about discriminations could not be ascertained.
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This theory proposes that object recognition lies on a viewpoint continuum where each viewpoint is recruited for different types of recognition. At one extreme of this continuum, viewpoint-dependent mechanisms are used for within-category discriminations, while at the other extreme, viewpoint-invariant mechanisms are used for the categorization of objects.
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For that decision alone authorized and now sustains > all the unjust discriminations, proscriptions and robberies perpetrated by > public carriers upon millions of the nation's most loyal defenders. It > fathers all the 'Jim-Crow cars' into which colored people are huddled and > compelled to pay as much as the whites, who are given the finest > accommodations.
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In 2008, Desgagnés was described as a researcher for the Centre de recherche de Montréal sur les inégalités, les discriminations et les pratiques alternatives de citoyenneté (CREMIS) and Masculinités et société, and also as a lecturer and doctoral student at Université Laval.Jean-Lesage : Jean-Yves Desgagnés, Québec solidaire, 13 November 2008, accessed 9 January 2010.
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The second Phase is dedicated for the elimination of the case based and other discriminations among human communities and for the upliftment of Santror. The second phase too lasted for two years beginning on December 1835 till December 1837. This phase is performed at the ground level in a sitting posture. He took only rice gruel .
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Finally, in the autumn of 1170, after constant discriminations, the rage of the military officials burst. Three warriors (Jeong Jung-bu, Yi Ui-bang, Yi Go) and others, started a military revolt, murdering the civil officials, deposing King Uijong, and appointing a new king in his place. He was preceded by Injong and succeeded by Myeongjong.
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During the subsequent Mongol Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), foreign religions were generally granted freedom, but the following Ming dynasty (1368–1644) renewed discriminations against them. Small Manichaean communities are still active in modern China. Manichaeism is thought to have exerted a strong influence on some of the currents of popular sects, such as that which gave rise to Xiantiandao.
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In 1933 the Nazis seized the power in Germany (Machtergreifung). On the Reich's and the level of the states gradually all resistance was decapitated. Anti-Semitic discriminations were imposed onto Jewish Germans and Germans of Jewish descent. In 1932 Franz von Papen's Reich's government had overthrown the last democratic Prussian government under Otto Braun (Prussian Coup).
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In his book, Racism without Racists, Bonilla- Silva discusses less overt racism, which he refers to as "new racism," which disguises itself "under the cloak of legality" in order to accomplish the same things. He also discusses "color-blind racism," which is essentially when people go off the basis that we have achieved equality and deny past and present discriminations.
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A third reason Shapiro offers for the racial wealth gap are the various discriminations African Americans must face, like redlining and higher interest rates in the housing market. These types of discrimination feed into the other reasons why African Americans end up having different starting points and therefore fewer assets.Shapiro, Thomas. (2004). The Hidden Cost of Being African American: How Wealth Perpetuates Inequality.
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He indulged himself in song writing and music composing in 1980s. He also recorded a number of songs as Radio Nepal Singer during that decade. But after 1990s, he quit singing to focus in writing. He believes that not only in his poems but also in his songs, he has written about the racial discriminations, class struggles and Kirat culture and values.
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See Michael W. McClintock, "High Tech and High Sorcery: Some Discriminations Between Science Fiction and Fantasy", in George E. Slusser, and Eric S. Rabkin, ed., Intersections: Fantasy and Science Fiction. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1987. (pp.26-35.). The name "fantasy" was not developed until later; as late as J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit (1937), the term "fairy tale" was still being used.
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Clergymen were excluded from the general elections held in November 1946. In 1949, Cardinal Mindszenty, who had in 1948 spoke of one kind of dictatorship being replaced with another, was brought to court upon similarly fabricated charges of espionage and subversion. Meanwhile, in 1947 a new law abolished all discriminations against those denominations that had not thereto received the "received" status.
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As compared with conditions that simply require a response, the N1 component is enhanced in conditions that require a differentiation between classes of stimuli. This effect is similar for color- and form-based discriminations, regardless of the level of difficulty of the discrimination. The N1 may, therefore, reflect a discrimination mechanism that is applied to an attended spatial area.Vogel, E.K., & Luck, S.J. (2000).
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The special issues contained both poems and prose. The first special issue contained ashtakams by famous poets based on the subject train. The periodical was in print for 11 more years after the death of Kerala Varma, until it stopped in 1930. Kavana Kaumudi is considered to have served as a unifying factor, surpassing the regional differences and parochial discriminations that existed in the early 20th century.
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While all anti-Semitic discriminations hit its members as hard as the Ashkenazim, the congregation was not the main target of aggressive active assaults. In 1935 the congregation, comprising 150 members, moved its synagogue into a villa in Innocentiastr. #37 and left the old synagogue to the Ashkenazi congregation of Hamburg. The Sephardic synagogue was not attacked in the night of the November Pogrom.
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United States Department of State The Cyprus Humanist Association accused the Ministry of Education of discriminations against atheists. According to the Association, the Ministry is promoting anti-atheist educational material through its official website. The International Humanist Union listed Cyprus among Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Malaysia in their promoting state hatred against atheists and humanists during the 37th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council.
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There were no reports of forced religious conversion, including of U.S. citizens who had been abducted or illegally removed from the United States, or of the refusal to allow such citizens to be returned to the United States. Other Religious discriminations such as Muslim man can marry Non-Muslim women but Non-Muslim man cannot marry Muslim women until they convert to Islam are there.
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The “Observatory for Protection of Cultural Heritage in Areas of Crisis” was created in 1995 by Prof. Fabio Maniscalco. All activities of the OPCHAC are devoted to the safeguarding of cultural property of countries in crisis, independent of religion, race, or political ideology. OPCHAC does not receive public funds, so it is free to work and to denounce injustices, discriminations and/or violations to international rights.
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The Anti-Fascist Committee of German Workers in Romania was an organization for ethnic Germans in Romania. Emmerich Stoffel was the chairman of the Committee and Philipp Geltz its secretary. The committee was based in Bucharest and published the newspaper Neuer Weg ('New Path'). By the late 1940s the post-Second World War wave of discriminations against the German minority in Romania had subdued.
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There were > thousands of free colored people in this country before the abolition of > slavery, enjoying all the essential rights of life, liberty, and property > the same as white citizens; yet no one, at that time, thought that it was > any invasion of their personal status as freemen because they were not > admitted to all the privileges enjoyed by white citizens, or because they > were subjected to discriminations in the enjoyment of accommodations in > inns, public conveyances, and places of amusement. Mere discriminations on > account of race or color were not regarded as badges of slavery ... Justice Harlan dissented against the Court's narrow interpretation of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments for all five of the cases. He argued Congress was attempting to overcome the refusal of the states to protect the rights denied to African Americans that white citizens took as their birthright. Private railroads (Olcott v. Supervisors).
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Another explanation of the existence of a dual housing market is the availability of housing units, either for sale or for rent, for minority groups. Oftentimes, price discriminations results from price fluctuations of property based on the existing demographic of residence in a neighborhood. Racial preference affects the available geographic spaces open to certain minority groups. For example, African Americans are disproportionately found in a small distribution of suburban communities.
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Schweitzer is a Commander of the French Légion d'honneur and National Order of Merit, and director of several French and foreign companies. He is also member of governing boards of various general organisations, particularly in the cultural field. Since 6 March 2005, Schweitzer has been President of the Haute Authorité de Lutte Contre les Discriminations et Pour l'Egalité. This role was entrusted to him by the French President.
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Manasamangal is the tale of oppressed humanity. Chandradhar and Behula have been portrayed as two strong and determined characters at a time when ordinary human beings were subjugated and humiliated. The epic brings out the caste divisions and the conflicts between Aryans and non-Aryans. The conflict between human beings and the goddess brings out the social discriminations of society, as well as the conflict between Aryans and non-Aryans.
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Kak Sedigh was a highly respected and admired person among the people of the Kurdistan province and is best known for his strong leadership during the 1979 post-revolutionary tensions between the Islamic Republic and the Kurdish people in Iranian Kurdistan. Having experienced political, ethnic and cultural discriminations under the Shah’s regime, the Kurds now demanded these rights from the new government.M. Rubin, Are Kurds a Pariah Minority?, Social Research, Vol.
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The Jakarta Post 8 January 2006. The reign of Catholic King Lodewijk in the Netherlands ended the centuries-old of religious discriminations against Catholics both in the Netherlands and in the East Indies. Previously the Netherlands only favoured Protestantism. The Catholics were permitted freedom of worship in the Dutch Indies, though this measure was mainly intended for European Catholics, since Daendels ruled under the authority of Napoleonic France.
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Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal publishing research on racial, sexual, religious, disability, and age discriminations; equal opportunities; and affirmative action. Scope EDI is published 8 times a year. This generally consists of regular issues and special issues. The journal aims to bring to the forefront issues surrounding equal opportunities in the general Human Resource Management field of study and in academic practical applications.
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As represented through a study on transgender sex workers, trans women, especially those of color, tend to endure higher rates of violence then that of cisgender women due to discriminations and intersectional factors. There are a variety of contributing factors, including the social stigmas surrounding transgender women that push them into sex work as a means of survival; this includes high unemployment rates typically due to legalized discriminations, a lack of education or career opportunities, and mental health issues resulting from transphobic experiences from adolescence through adulthood. It is shown in one study that transgender women chose to remain in sex work despite the risks of violence and HIV contraction as a means to gain the social and economic support that society typically fails to provide. This is specifically seen with black transgender women who are paid less for sex work, and are therefore pushed to see more clients, increasing their chances of exposure to violence.
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Numerous of his Punjabi lines and phrases have actually become a figure of speech in everyday conversations. The most prominent feature of his expression is the poignancy buried deep under the humor making his poetry one of its kind. The nuance of tragedy in his poems is a reflection of social injustice, discriminations and personal misfortunes of his characters. This is why he, himself commented: “Real laughter is one that sheds tears when squeezed”.
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Dewey's concept of occupational psychosis rests upon much the same observations. As a result of their day-to-day routines, people develop special preferences, antipathies, discriminations and emphases. (The term "psychosis" is used by Dewey to denote a "pronounced character of the mind".) These psychoses develop through demands put upon the individual by the particular organization of his occupational role. The concepts of both Veblen and Dewey refer to a fundamental ambivalence.
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The French Equal Opportunities and Anti-Discrimination Commission (French Haute autorité de lutte contre les discriminations et pour l'égalité or HALDE) is a French "independent administrative authority" which "has the right to judge all discrimination, direct or indirect, that is prohibited by law or an international agreement to which France is a signatory." HALDE was created by law n° 2004-1486 on 30 December 2004, published in the Journal officiel on 31 December 2004.
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Once applied within the country, many different outcomes arose, some positive and some negative. This depended on the approach to and the view of The Employment Equality Act and affirmative action. Positive: Pre-Democracy, the apartheid governments discriminated against non-white races, so with affirmative action, the country started to redress past discriminations. Affirmative action also focused on combating structural racism and racial inequality, hoping to maximize diversity in all levels of society and sectors.
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He conducted many animal experiments to ascertain the effects of refined sensory discriminations on the structure of the brain. He researched the chemistry and physiology of human emotions. For two years, four times daily, he kept three series of detailed records to determine the environmental and bodily conditions under which his own mentation was most successful. The novel nature of his research caught the fancy of the popular press of his day.
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DOTYK (Belarusian: Дотык – The Touch), is an international annual festival of queer culture. Its goal is to enlarge the knowledge about existing discriminations, to touch upon topical issues such as identity and self- expression, to attract attention to the problem of the different kinds of xenophobia in Belarusian society, and also to encourage the consolidation between discriminated people, to increase their self-awareness, to enhance the capacity of the audience for self-reflection.
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To disavow the concept of establishment and consumerism in art, he himself publishes and distributes his own books. Along with politics, Sex is an important and recurring subject in Misra's works. Throughout his writings, he tries to reveal the matriarchal past of human society by deconstructing the chauvinistic elements, various forms of sexual dominance and discriminations. Sex, according to him, is a weapon in this consumerist society, at once repressed and liberated.
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The Anti-Fascist Committee of German Workers in Romania (), originally the German Anti-Fascist Committee (; ), was an anti-fascist organization for ethnic Germans in Romania. Emmerich Stoffel was the chairman of the Committee and Philipp Geltz its secretary. The Committee was based in Bucharest and published the newspaper Neuer Weg ('New Path'). By the late 1940s the post- Second World War wave of discriminations against the German minority in Romania had subdued.
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Staging Age, edited by Valerie Barnes Lipscomb and Leni Marshall, gives credit to Gullette's work in establishing the field of age studies, and advancing concepts about how age can be considered a performance (Lipscomb and Marshall 2010, 1–3). She invented the term "middle ageism" (Gullette 1998, 3–44) to name the cluster of discriminations suffered by people in their middle years, from job discrimination to "Boomer-bashing" and decline discourse about sexuality, looks, and intellectual and cognitive competence.
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In 1938 the Fascist and racist legislation was introduced in Italy and in 1940 there were some attacks against the Jews. In reaction to the school and job discriminations enacted in 1938, the community opened a private secondary school, which operated until 1943, when the Germans took direct control of the city. The Nazi threat prompted those with means to try to escape. By 1940, half of the city’s Jews had left the city, although some chose to convert.
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Association Najdeh (AN) (جمعية النجدة الاجتماعية in Arabic, Arabic najdeh="relief" or "aid") is an NGO involved with development and educational projects in Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon. It operates more exactly in and around the refugee camps. It defends the Palestinian refugee women who are often victims of discriminations and also participates in different campaigns, in coalitions of local and international organizations, for the right to work in Lebanon and the right of return to Palestine.
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It was evident that the people have lived in the eastern part of the island at first, and moved to the current place about 80 years ago. The migration was mainly due to contamination of groundwater and increased death rate. There were so many stories regarding the migrations and the recent migration was only about 35 years ago when people of Kihaadhoo was taken to Baa Hithaadhoo from which they came back due to discriminations and minority issues.
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Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. The 3PL is named so because it employs three item parameters. The two- parameter model (2PL) assumes that the data have no guessing, but that items can vary in terms of location (b_i) and discrimination (a_i). The one- parameter model (1PL) assumes that guessing is a part of the ability and that all items that fit the model have equivalent discriminations, so that items are only described by a single parameter (b_i).
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As at New Delhi, anti-imperialism, economic development, and cultural cooperation were the principal topics. There was a strong push in the Third World to secure a voice in the councils of nations, especially the United Nations, and to receive recognition of their new sovereign status. Representatives of these new states were also extremely sensitive to slights and discriminations, particularly if they were based on race. In all the nations of the Third World, living standards were wretchedly low.
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A criticism of the Rasch model is that it is overly restrictive or prescriptive because an assumption of the model is that all items have equal discrimination, whereas in practice, items discriminations vary, and thus no dataset will ever show perfect data-model fit. A frequent misunderstanding is that the Rasch model does not permit each item to have a different discrimination, but equal discrimination is an assumption of invariant measurement, so differing item discriminations are not forbidden, but rather indicate that measurement quality does not equal a theoretical ideal. Just as in physical measurement, real world datasets will never perfectly match theoretical models, so the relevant question is whether a particular dataset provides sufficient quality of measurement for the purpose at hand, not whether it perfectly matches an unattainable standard of perfection. A criticism specific to the use of the Rasch model with response data from multiple choice items is that there is no provision in the model for guessing because the left asymptote always approaches a zero probability in the Rasch model.
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They also at times faced similar discriminations in the United States, as many of the colonial universities had a Puritan or Anglican orientation. This led them to attend "Godless" institutions or forced them to rely on hands-on scientific experimentation rather than academia. Because of these issues it has been stated Quakers are better represented in science than most religions. There are sources, Pendlehill and Encyclopædia Britannica, that indicate that for over two centuries they were overrepresented in the Royal Society.
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In relation to perception, a type of non-conscious affect may be separate from the cognitive processing of environmental stimuli. A monohierarchy of perception, affect and cognition considers the roles of arousal, attention tendencies, affective primacy (Zajonc, 1980), evolutionary constraints (Shepard, 1984; 1994), and covert perception (Weiskrantz, 1997) within the sensing and processing of preferences and discriminations. Emotions are complex chains of events triggered by certain stimuli. There is no way to completely describe an emotion by knowing only some of its components.
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This marked the beginning but certainly not the end of the crusade by AWPPW women for redress and reform of various discriminations against women. In 1969 Nancy Weber of Local 672 began an action against Kimberly-Clark that went on as a class action suit all the way to Federal District Court. The court ruling levied $66,800 plus legal fees against Kimberly-Clark. That was the largest Title VII settlement to date but, more importantly, Kimberly was forced to amend its policy.
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Although a prolific inventor, Gates considered himself to be a psychologist. He applied scientific experiment to introspection and used invention to examine the processes by which the mind discovers new knowledge. This study led him to "psychotaxis," the integrated hierarchy of sensory discriminations required to create a valid and complete mental representation of a given part of the physical world. Psychotaxis is a major component of "psychurgy," Gates's art of mind-using, which he regarded as an improved scientific method.
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They also at times faced similar discriminations in the United States, as many of the colonial universities had a Puritan or Anglican orientation. This led them to attend "Godless" institutions or forced them to rely on hands-on scientific experimentation rather than academia. Because of these issues it has been stated that Quakers are better represented in science than most religions. Some sources, including Pendlehill and Encyclopædia Britannica, indicate that for over two centuries they were overrepresented in the Royal Society.
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Now she has an account and save 50 dollars per month in it. This program is designed to help women with low or relatively low incomes save for their retired life and to alleviate the retirement crisis for them. Due to the lagged economic status in Appalachian regions and discriminations, there are an increasing number of women who are getting jobs without comprehensive benefits, such as retirement plans. Instead of consumption, it is an investment to have this saving account.
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American Physiologist, 37(10), pp. 1019–1024 on the other hand considers affect to be post-cognitive. That is, affect is elicited only after a certain amount of cognitive processing of information has been accomplished. In this view, an affective reaction, such as liking, disliking, evaluation, or the experience of pleasure or displeasure, is based on a prior cognitive process in which a variety of content discriminations are made and features are identified, examined for their value, and weighted for their contributions.
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W.R. Irwin, The Game of the Impossible, p 92-3, University of Illinois Press, Urbana Chicago London, 1976 It was not until 1923 that the term "fantasist" was used to describe a writer (in this case, Oscar Wilde) who wrote fantasy fiction.The term was referenced in a supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary. See Michael W. McClintock, "High Tech and High Sorcery: Some Discriminations Between Science Fiction and Fantasy", in George E. Slusser, and Eric S. Rabkin, ed., Intersections: Fantasy and Science Fiction.
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The Anti-Fascist Committee had been founded in March 1949, by a group of German members of the Romanian Workers' Party, following a decision of the Party Central Committee in December 1948. At this point the initial post-Second World War wave of discriminations against ethnic Germans had subdued. Neuer Weg was the first German-language press organ addressing a nationwide audience in Romania. Ernst Breitenstein was the founding editor-in-chief of Neuer Weg, serving in that function until 1954.
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The authors concluded that infants based their discriminations on the length of the displays, rather than on number of objects. In Spatial Training Improves Children's Mathematics Ability, Cheng and Mix tested whether mental rotation training improved math performance in 6- to 8-year-olds. Children were given various mathematical problems as a pretest. One group of children were given training on a mental rotation task that had been shown to improve spatial ability, while a control group of children completed crossword puzzles.
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Born in 1915 in Naihati in present-day North 24 Parganas District, West Bengal, Chittaprosad became radicalized as a student of the Chittagong Government College in the mid-1930s. He joined the grassroots movement to resist both colonial oppression by the British, and also the feudal oppression of the landed Indian gentry. Chittaprosad rejected the classicism of the Bengal School and its spiritual preoccupations. Due to his refusal to accept the discriminations of the caste system, Chittaprosad never used his Brahminical surname during his life.
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As the Civil Rights Act was passed and the movement started to die down, black people continued to face harsh discriminations. in The 1970s and 80s, finding affordable housing, fighting unwilling residential integrating, finding equal job opportunities, fighting labor organizations and welfare rights were a few ways black Americans continued to be discriminated against. While these situations were most often found in the South, they were also relevant problems all over the nation. In the 1980s, Black people experienced marginalized labor and increasing incarceration.
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The Kathmandu Valley is the musical center of rock, blues and metal scene in Nepal. Many new Metal bands have emerged in Kathmandu valley. These days Punk Rock, Metal, Jazz and blues has been highly appreciated by the Nepali music lovers. Due to dark time during political unrest and Civil war Punk rock also emerged in Nepali underground during early 2000, Many punk rock bands such as squirt guns, Rai Ko Ris emerged from underground covering the topics about malpractice, discriminations and hypocrite society of Nepal.
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It also prohibits several discriminations, namely discrimination made on account of race, color, sex, birth, social origin or condition, or political or religious ideas. The bill even took a step further by declaring such principles as essential to human equality. The Bill of Rights also establishes explicitly that there shall be complete separation of church and state, and that Puerto Rico must have a system of free and secular public education. It also establishes the right to vote, the right to life, and the right to liberty.
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2005) (per curiam). Another argument raised is that because the federal income tax is progressive, the discriminations and inequalities created by the tax should render the tax unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment, which guarantees equal protection under the law. Such arguments have been ruled without merit under contemporary jurisprudence. Notably, some tax protesters contend that the Fourteenth Amendment itself was never properly ratified, under the theory that the governments of southern states that supported the post-Civil War constitutional amendments were not representative of the people.
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He is also a former Chancellor of University of the Arts London. Stevenson is a long time campaigner for greater understanding and treatment of mental illness informed by his own experiences of depression. He was the Founding Chair of MQ: Transforming Mental Health, a charity which supports research into mental health; and he promoted a Private Members’ Bill – the “Mental Health (Discrimination) Bill” – the first key step in the UK to removing a number of the key discriminations against people who suffer from mental illness.
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The secret being about a Lover who was thought to be dead. The girl reveals the mysteries of the past in search of another side of magical Damascus, hence falling in love with a Christian man who disappears in Lebanon’s civil war. She finds herself facing a difficult choice, but the city itself will keep the door of love and choices wide open to infinite possibilities. A story about the Levant city which regains its deep connection with its citizens leaving out any discriminations or exclusions.
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On one hand, these reforms have introduced more equal relations between men and women and, on the other, they have eliminated discriminations between children born from married couples and those born extramaritally. Being part of the civil law tradition, there is no obedience to precedent in Chilean law. Nevertheless, sentences of a higher court can be appealed to the Supreme Court based in the erroneous application of the law, thus being able to deliver uniform decisions in controversial matters of law. See Judiciary of Chile.
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They have been > relegated to positions of social isolation, subjected to legal > discriminations and denied that most fundamental right of all free men--the > right to work for their daily bread and to earn their self-respect. They > have been thought of not as unemployed but as unemployable. These are the > time-honored notions, the traditional concepts, but even the most > respectable of fallacies cannot withstand the truth forever. The barriers > have at last begun to crumble, and the blind to emerge from their long > subjugation.
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For example, a white person who married a black person received the same punishment as black person who married a white person. The Court had accepted this "equal burden" argument 84 years earlier in its 1883 decision Pace v. Alabama, but in Loving it rejected it and overruled Pace, saying: "We reject the notion that the mere 'equal application' of a statute concerning racial classifications is enough to remove the classifications from the Fourteenth Amendment's proscription of all invidious racial discriminations.", quoting Loving, 388 U.S. at 8.
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Many divorces followed after the couple succeeded in achieving a visa and thus emigration for the Jewish-classified spouse, so the divorce would lift the discriminations hitting the 'Aryan'-classified spouse, who stayed at home. Cf. Beate Meyer, 'Jüdische Mischlinge' – Rassenpolitik und Verfolgungserfahrung 1933–1945 (11999), Hamburg: Dölling und Galitz, (12002), (Studien zur jüdischen Geschichte; vol. 6), simultaneously Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1998, Any children – whenever born – within a mixed marriage, as well as children from extramarital mixed relationships born until July 31, 1936, were discriminated against as Mischlinge.
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Since there was no elaborate regulation, the practice of exempting privileged mixed marriages from anti-Semitic invidiousnesses varied amongst Greater Germany's different Reichsgaue. However, all discriminations enacted until December 28, 1938, remained valid without exemptions for privileged mixed marriages. In the Reichsgau Hamburg, for example, Jewish- classified spouses living in privileged mixed marriages received equal food rations like Aryan-classified Germans. In many other Reichsgaue they received shortened rations.Beate Meyer, Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der Hamburger Juden 1933–1945, Landeszentrale für politische Bildung (ed.), Hamburg: Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 2006, p. 83.
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While most humans are trichromatic (having three types of color receptors), many animals, known as tetrachromats, have four types. These include some species of spiders, most marsupials, birds, reptiles, and many species of fish. Other species are sensitive to only two axes of color or do not perceive color at all; these are called dichromats and monochromats respectively. A distinction is made between retinal tetrachromacy (having four pigments in cone cells in the retina, compared to three in trichromats) and functional tetrachromacy (having the ability to make enhanced color discriminations based on that retinal difference).
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Gülen defines Turkish nationalism by particular type of Anatolian Muslim culture that is at the roots of the modern Turkish nation state, rather than by any specific ethnicity. He believes Turkish Islam (meaning "Sufism") an especially legitimate, if not an exclusively valid expression of the Islamic faith, especially with concern individuals of a Turkish background. Albeit Gülen ascribes positive characteristics to various localized entities, overall the tenor of Gülen's teachings warn against the human tendencies toward insularity or discriminations against people of other ethnicities, other branches of Islam, or other faiths.
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The judgment was vacated and the cause remanded. Justice Black was joined by Warren, Douglas and Clark. Black held that while the state court was not required by the federal constitution to provide appellate courts or a right to appellate review, because the state did grant appellate review at all stages of the proceedings, the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses protected the prisoners from invidious discriminations. The court held that destitute defendants must be afforded as adequate appellate review as defendants who had enough money to buy the transcripts.
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Reflexivity: Definitions and discriminations. Semiotica. 1980 30:1-2, 1-14 One important origin for this approach is Roman Jakobson in his studies of deixis and the poetic function in language, but the work of Mikhail Bakhtin on carnival has also been important. Within anthropology, Gregory Bateson developed ideas about meta-messages (subtext) as part of communication, while Clifford Geertz's studies of ritual events such as the Balinese cock-fight point to their role as foci for public reflection on the social order. Studies of play and tricksters further expanded ideas about reflexive cultural practices.
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Another chapter compares how the American, English, and French educational systems foster private and public identities. She writes that the French public school system is best for its neutral secularity and disregard of "parentally inspired discriminations", which are not allowed to influence the common nature of the school. This is contrasted with the American public school system's trends of increased privatization and non-neutrality. American school voucher programs use public school money towards private schools, departing from the mission of the common public school and further compounding school inequality and ethnic segregation.
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In the second volume of Batman: Earth One series, in contrast with the mainstream continuity's version, Waylon Jones appears benign and is not a cannibal, and is dubbed "Killer Croc" by the media due to his ichthyosis condition. His mother sold him to Haly's Circus when he was a child, and he was forced to perform there until he escapes. Jones hides in Gotham's sewer system out of fear of the society's discriminations over his genetic disorder. He helps Batman locate the Riddler's underground hideout, and later aids his fight against the villain.
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Owen Whitfield began preaching in 1924 in the Bootheel but his spirituality was affected by circumstances throughout his childhood. As a child, his mother, who was a devout Christian, would associate the discriminations of the white populations with the devil and would instill in him Christian values. In addition, the principles of the Okolona Industrial School, which emphasized the importance of civic service, also influenced his desire to preach. On November 5, 1936, after he had established himself as a preacher, Whitfield invited Claude Williams to preach at his church.
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Upon payment, Jews were also exempt from paying the zakat which must be paid by Muslims once their residual wealth reaches a certain threshold. Active persecution of Jews did not gain full force until the Zaydi clan seized power, from the more tolerant Sunni Muslims, early in the 10th century.Jewish Communities in Exotic Places, by Ken Blady, Jason Aronson Inc., 2000, page 9 The legal status of Jews in Yemen started to deteriorate around the time Tahirids took Sana'a from Zaidis, mainly because of new discriminations established by the Muslim rulers.
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Repetition of characters was mentioned more than once, though sometimes with a recognition that there were discriminations to be discerned, and in general the characterisation and the dialogue of the lower orders was appreciated. The tragic power of the final scenes was widely appreciated, but the admixture of ludicrous humour was a defect for some, as was the overall gloomy and painful atmosphere. Caleb was widely praised, but there were complaints that he was unvarying and that he perhaps outstayed his welcome. Views differed on the superstitious element, variously judged effectively employed, or foolish and unfortunately pervasive.
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The information integration theory of consciousness (IITC) shares with the DCH the idea that conscious experiences provide informative discriminations among a vast repertoire of possible experiences. In the IITC, the quantity phi is defined as the information that is integrated across the informational "weakest link" of a system. Importantly, phi is a measure of the capacity of a neural system to integrate information, whereas CN is a measure of the actual dynamics of the system. A third measure, causal density (CD), measures the fraction of causal interactions among elements of a system that are statistically significant.
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He stated also that "This is because I wanted viewers to strongly elicit anger against various discriminations around them and to hate discrimination through this work and think about correcting them." The final draft of the series was completed in March 1977, with the first episode was broadcast on June 4 of the same year. Shinya Sadamitsu and Yoshiyuki Tomino were brought to the staff by Nagahama for their roles as producer and art director. Kazuo Tomizawa was also brought in as one of the staff until he decided to focus more on Invincible Super Man Zambot 3.
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Liberal feminism asserts the equality of men and women through political and legal reform. Traditionally, during the 19th and early 20th century, liberal feminism had the same meaning as "bourgeois feminism" or "mainstream feminism," and its broadest sense, the term liberal feminism overlaps strongly with mainstream feminism. Liberal feminists sought to abolish political, legal and other forms of discrimination against women to allow them the same opportunities as men since their autonomy has deficits. Discriminations of gender, either in the workplace or in the home, and the patriarchal mentality in inherited traditions constitutes some cause for the liberals women's movement.
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In 1994, Yim met her first-hand experience with the sex workers when she was working in the Hong Kong Women Christian Council (香港婦女基督徒協會). The inequalities, deprivations and discriminations that sex workers have to confront with, have strengthened Yim's determination to help this minority group of people. It was later joined by other staff members, such as Elaine Lam, Mok Miu-ying, Chan Yan-yan and Kendy Yim Kit-sum. Zi Teng has been supported by dozens of nameless interns and volunteers, without whom the organisation cannot exist till today.
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The organisation campaigns for a secular state, which it defines as "a state where public institutions are separate from religious institutions and treat all citizens impartially regardless of their religious or non-religious beliefs." It points to issues such as the joint role of the British monarch (both Supreme Governor of the Church of England and Head of State), the reserved places for bishops in the House of Lords, the status of the Church of England (the officially established church), and other "discriminations based on religion or belief within the system" such as those in education and Public Services.
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A Sikh family plays an important part in the novel, and the description of the character Sukhvinder sparked some controversy amongst followers of the Sikh faith. Avtar Singh Makkar, the head of India's Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, commented that Rowling's book would be examined by the scrutiny board of SGPC for anything objectionable. Rowling stated that she admires the Sikh religion and had done a vast amount of research on Sikhism. Other members of the Sikh community appreciated the fact that Rowling portrayed Sikhs and Sikhism in a favourable light and actually draws attention to discriminations faced by Sikhs.
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' The methods are primarily used > to eliminate subjects who cannot make the appropriate discriminations. The > application of a post-screening method may clarify the tendencies in a test > result. However, bearing in mind the variability of subjects’ sensitivities > to different artefacts, caution should be exercised. Other flaws include lack of subject training and familiarization with the test and content selected: > 4.1 Familiarization or training phase Prior to formal grading, subjects must > be allowed to become thoroughly familiar with the test facilities, the test > environment, the grading process, the grading scales and the methods of > their use.
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Lazarus, 1982) consider affect to be post-cognitive: elicited only after a certain amount of cognitive processing of information has been accomplished. In this view, such affective reactions as liking, disliking, evaluation, or the experience of pleasure or displeasure each result from a different prior cognitive process that makes a variety of content discriminations and identifies features, examines them to find value, and weighs them according to their contributions (Brewin, 1989). Some scholars (e.g. Lerner and Keltner 2000) argue that affect can be both pre- and post-cognitive: initial emotional responses produce thoughts, which produce affect.
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Their results indicate the type of discrimination and the rate at which discriminable events occur interact to affect sustained attention. Successive discrimination tasks indicate a greater degree of vigilance decrement than simultaneous discriminations, such as comparisons, but only when event rates are relatively high. For detection tasks, empirical evidence suggests that an event rate at or above 24 events per minute significantly reduces sensitivity. Further investigation has indicated that when the discrimination task is difficult, a decrement can occur when the mental workload is low, as with simultaneous comparisons, at both high and low event rates.
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This has real world implication, since very fine acoustic discriminations are needed to comprehend and produce speech signals. In an electrical stimulation demonstration performed by Ojemann and Mateer (1979), the exposed cortex was mapped revealing the same cortical sites were activated in phoneme discrimination and mouth movement sequences (Annett, 1991). As suggested by Kimura (1975, 1982), left hemisphere speech lateralization might be based upon a preference for movement sequences as demonstrated by American Sign Language (ASL) studies. Since ASL requires intricate hand movements for language communication, it was proposed that skilled hand motions and speech require sequences of action over time.
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The Hindustani languages have not lost its full importance since the city had been remained untouched during the liberation war of Bangladesh and did not faced discriminations afterward. You can notice the use of Urdu in market, local announcements, Urdu musaharati Na'at during ramadan sehri and Mushaira programs. However, these Hindustani languages are not constitutionally recognised official languages in Bangladesh as for other Indigenous peoples in Bangladesh. Therefore, the official and academic language of the city is Modern Standard Bengali that serves as the lingua franca of the nation, with 98% of Bangladeshis being fluent in Bengali as their first language.
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The brethren decided not to unite with the official Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union, unless the heretic German Christians would quit it. Supt. Albertz urged the brethren council to discuss the terrible situation of Jewish Germans and Gentile Germans of Jewish descent, as it turned by the Nuremberg Laws and all the other anti-Semitic discriminations. But the Westphalian Praeses Koch threatened he would secede the old-Prussian brethren council, if – in the synod – the council would advocate to pass a solidarity address to the Jews.Martin Greschat, ""Gegen den Gott der Deutschen"", p. 80.
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Michel Bernard laisse Air Inter aux grévistes. Après deux mois et demi de grèves à répétition He is head of the ANPE from 1995 till 2005 (his predecessor was Michel Bon and his successor Christian Charpy). Since October 1995, Michel Bernard is head of the board of directors of the Fonds d'aide et de soutien pour l'intégration et la lutte contre les discriminations (Aid funds and support for integration and the fight against discrimination). Michel Bernard is the current President of the "cultures du coeur" ("hearth culture") association which works to fight against social exclusion by promoting access to cultural and sporting events.
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New York: Peter Lang on using video games to enhance perceptual and cognitive abilities. A variety of skills were upgraded in video game players, including "improved hand-eye coordination, increased processing in the periphery, enhanced mental rotation skills, greater divided attention abilities, and faster reaction times, to name a few". An important characteristic is the functional increase in the size of the effective visual field (within which viewers can identify objects), which is trained in action games and transfers to new settings. Whether learning of simple discriminations, which are trained in separation, transfers to new stimulus contexts (e.g.
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CEMR has always worked to eliminate all types of discriminations, including on men/women equality issues. Throughout 2005, CEMR, with the financial support of the European Commission, led a project on The town for equality. That project aimed mainly at collecting best practice cases of gender equality in European local governments as well as at setting up a methodology to help local representatives achieve true gender equality in their municipalities. At the end of the project, CEMR, still with the support of the European Commission, started a new project to draft a European charter for equality of women and men in local life.
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No ISBN The mainstream Nazi anti-Semitism considered the Jewry as a group of people bound by close, so-called genetic (blood) ties, to form a unit, which one could not join or secede from. The influence of Jews was declared to have detrimental impact on Germany, so as to justify the discriminations and persecutions of Jews. To be spared from that, one had to prove one's affiliation with the group of the so- called Aryan race. It was paradoxical that genetic tests or outward racial features never determined one's affiliation, although the Nazis palavered a lot about physiognomy, but only the records of religious affiliations of one's grandparents decided.
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Their language consisted of varieties of Ngiyampaa, which was composed of two dialects, Ngiyambaa Wangaaybuwan and Wayilwan Ngiyambaa. The Wangaaypuwan (with wangaay) people are so called because they use wangaay to say "no", as opposed to the Ngiyampaa in the Macquarie Marshes and towards Walgett, who were historically defined separately by colonial ethnographers as Weilwan, so- called because their word for "no" was wayil. The distinction between Ngiyampaa, Wangaaypuwan/Wangaibon and Weilwan traditionally drawn, and sanctioned by the classification of Norman Tindale, may rest upon a flawed assumption of marked "tribal" differences based on Ngiyampaa linguistic discriminations between internal groups or clans whose word for "no" varied.
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No ISBN The mainstream Nazi anti-Semitism considered the Jewry being a group of people bound by close, so-called blood (genetic) ties, to form a unit, which one could not join or secede from. The influence of Jews was declared to have detrimental impact on Germany, to rectify their discriminations and persecutions. To be spared from that, one had to prove one's affiliation with the group of the so-called Aryan race. Paradoxical was, that never genetic tests or outward allegedly racial features in one's physiognomy determined one's affiliation, although the Nazis palavered a lot about physiognomy, but only the records of religious affiliations of one's grandparents decided.
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It should also be constructed in a way which makes it possible to distinguish empiricism among other epistemological positions in contemporary science and scholarship. In other words: Empiricism as a concept has to be constructed along with other concepts, which together make it possible to make important discriminations between different ideals underlying contemporary science. Empiricism is one of several competing views that predominate in the study of human knowledge, known as epistemology. Empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or tradition in contrast to, for example, rationalism which relies upon reason and can incorporate innate knowledge.
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2 (Winter 2015): 110 The issue for LGBT rights and acceptance began to slowly shift towards the center of Israel's political spectrum. This shift had slowly begun when Israel's Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni appeared at gay pride events in the months prior to the shooting. However, in the aftermath of this massacre, right-wing politicians began to publicly show their support for the gay community. On 6 October 2016, Finance Minister Moshe Kahlon announced that the Israel Government had issued an order to give a divided 10 million shekels to various governments over a two-year period to examine the nation's LGBT community for possible discriminations.
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In April 1933 Bonhoeffer appealed at the Evangelical Church (1) to ask the Nazi government for the ligitimacy of its actions, (2) to serve the victims of the anti- Semitic discriminations, also those who were not parishioners and (3) to directly block the 'spokes' of the 'wheel' of detrimental government activities. Cf. Hartmut Ludwig, "Das ›Büro Pfarrer Grüber‹ 1938-1940", In: ›Büro Pfarrer Grüber‹ Evangelische Hilfsstelle für ehemals Rasseverfolgte. Geschichte und Wirken heute, Walter Sylten, Joachim-Dieter Schwäbl and Michael Kreutzer on behalf of the Evangelische Hilfsstelle für ehemals Rasseverfolgte (ed.; Evangelical Relief Centre for the formerly Racially Persecuted), Berlin: Evangelische Hilfsstelle für ehemals Rasseverfolgte, 1988, pp.
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Heilbrun was the subject of a 1992 New York Times Magazine profile by Anne Matthews wherein she accused the Columbia English Department of discriminating against women. Former Dean of Columbia College Carl Hovde admitted that there was widespread past discrimination against women at Columbia "and all other universities," but dismissed Matthews's accusations of current discriminations in an angry letter to the editor as "rubbish." Nonetheless, Heilbrun was very specific in her memories of being a celebrated female professor at Columbia. "When I spoke up for women's issues, I was made to feel unwelcome in my own department, kept off crucial committees, ridiculed, ignored," Heilbrun told the New York Times.
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Since the advent of sex-selective abortions via ultrasound and other medical procedures in the 1980s, the gender discriminations that have caused the “missing women” have simultaneously produced cohorts of excess men. Many speculated that this group of excess men would cause social disturbances such as crime and abnormal sexual behaviors without the opportunity to marry. In a 2011 study, Hesketh found crime rates to not differ significantly from areas with known higher populations of excess men. She found that instead of being prone to aggression these men are more likely to feel outcast and suffer from feelings of failure, loneliness and associated psychological problems.
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Consider also a study of Spanish monolingual, Catalan monolingual, and Spanish-Catalan bilingual children: Catalan utilizes two vowels that are similar to, and partly correspond to, a single vowel in Spanish. This means that a speaker of Catalan needs to recognize /e/ and /ε/ as different, contrasting sounds, while a Spanish speaker only need recognize one phoneme, /e/ ([ɛ] is an allophone of /e/ in Spanish). Spanish-Catalan bilinguals, then, need to be able to recognize the contrast to accommodate their Catalan language. In one study, Catalan monolingual infants appeared to accurately discriminate between the two vowels while Spanish monolingual infants did not appear to make discriminations.
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" A page footnote states: "This provision, it is believed, will prevent the discriminations now practiced against such ports, and will enable States which are separated from water-lines by intervening States to reach such lines at reasonable cost. Congress has no power to regulate commerce wholly within a State, and hence States bordering upon such water-lines will regulate the rates to ports within their own territory." ::"5. Stock-inflations, generally known as "stock-waterings," are wholly indefensible; but the remedy for this evil seems to fall peculiarly within the province of the States who have created the corporations from which such practices proceed.
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This means that discrimination against age, race, and gender was still prohibited in the workplace, real estate and in public, but sexual orientation was excluded from this law. While supporters argued that this ordinance offered further protection in addition to civil rights laws, opponents of this ordinance argued that the city should not have to further protect those with "alternate lifestyles". It was not until January 2002 that the human rights ordinance law was passed which protected discrimination against rage, gender, age AND sexual orientation in St. Petersburg. This later led to the passing of Pinellas County's own human rights ordinance that protected against the same discriminations in 2008.
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The numbers of British in India were small, yet they were able to rule 52% of the Indian subcontinent directly and exercise considerable leverage over the princely states that accounted for 48% of the area. One of the most important events of the 19th century was the rise of Indian nationalism,Modern India, Bipin Chandra, p. 76 leading Indians to seek first "self-rule" and later "complete independence". However, historians are divided over the causes of its rise. Probable reasons include a "clash of interests of the Indian people with British interests", "racial discriminations",India Awakening and Bengal, N.S. Bose, 1976, p. 237 and "the revelation of India's past".
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At times they have suffered from prejudice, with some Palestinians, reportedly from outside Jerusalem, referring to them as 'slaves' (abeed) and to their neighbourhood as the 'slaves' prison' (habs al-abeed), and their colour occasionally leads to objections to their marrying other Palestinians of a paler skin. In colloquial Palestinian Arabic, standard usage prefers the word sumr (black colour) over sawd, which has an uncouth connotation.K. K. Prah, Reflections on Arab-led Slavery of Africans, Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society 2005 p. 195 At least one informant states however that he has never suffered from discriminations over his colour, adding that they enjoy a special status for their contributions to the Palestinian national struggle.
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In 1973, the French Government created an office of Ombudsman (). A reform in May 2011 merged that office with the Children's Ombudsman (Défenseur des enfants), the equality authority (Haute autorité de lutte contre les discriminations et pour l’égalité, HALDE) and the body supervising the conduct of police and other security agencies, the Commission nationale de déontologie de la sécurité (CNDS), creating a new body named the Defender of Rights (Défenseur des droits). In July 2011 Dominique Baudis was appointed to the office by the Council of State on the nomination of the Prime Minister, for a single six- year term but died in April 2014. In June 2014, former minister Jacques Toubon was chosen for the following six years.
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In March 2012, Initiative Against Homophobia has gone through a constitutional amendment and continues its work under its new name Queer Cyprus Association. QCA aims to promote equal rights for LGBTQ people in Cyprus and to eliminate discriminations based on gender, gender expression, sexual orientation and gender identity.Queer Cyprus Association They have been a member of the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) since 2011. In August the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has agreed to examine a legal challenge against Turkey for the north’s continued failure to repeal a law banning homosexuality, Queer Cyprus Association said Turkey must now defend the legacy of British colonialism at the ECHR.
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So utilizing her network within the fashion industry and driven by her need of philanthropy Chalek created The National Dwarf Fashion Show. In September 2014 The National Dwarf Fashion Show had its debut performance at the Pavillon Gabriel as part of Paris’s annual Fashion week.The event supposed to be a single event meant to put the spotlight on dwarfism, brought attention to the existing discriminations within the fashion industry and empowered women living with dwarfism. The event received press coverage and appealed to the Lifetime network producing the reality show Little Women New York who collaborated with Chalek to get a show as part of New York Fashion Week featuring Jordanna James of Little Women New York.
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In his definition of "politics" as pertaining to the conduct of war, Shaposhnikov included the idea of class struggle – both at a worldwide and at a national scale (within each belligerent country). Conrad von Hötzendorf, the main role model in Mozg Armii (see above), was also described as a politically savvy general by Shaposhnikov, and specifically, as one whose ideas were quite in accordance with these of Marxism. For instance, he noted that Conrad favoured the equality of all nationalities within the armed forces, without discriminations. Shaposhnikov even went so far as to say that Conrad was in favour of a mass "People's Army", which was in contradiction with Conrad's own writings.
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Social networks and gender stereotypes produce many injustices that women have to experience in their workplace, as well as, the various obstacles they encounter when trying to advance in male-dominated and top management jobs. Women in professions like science, technology, and other related industries are likely to encounter these gendered barriers in their careers. Based on the meritocratic explanations of gender inequality, "as long as the people accept the mechanisms that produce unequal outcomes", all the outcomes will be legitimated in the society. When women try to deny the stereotypes and the discriminations by becoming "competent, integrated, well-liked", the society is more likely to look at these impressions as selfishness or "being a whiner".
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Another way in which modern approaches to remediation differ from the past is that parents are more likely to be directly involved, particularly with preschool children. A radically different approach has been developed by Tallal and colleagues, who have devised a computer-based intervention, Fast Forword, that involves prolonged and intensive training on specific components of language and auditory processing. The theory underlying this approach maintains that language difficulties are caused by a failure to make fine-grained auditory discriminations in the temporal dimension, and the computerised training materials are designed to sharpen perceptual acuity. For all these types of intervention, there are few adequately controlled trials that allow one to assess clinical efficacy.
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His governance was as enlightened as ruthless, see for example the Távora affair. In literature, the first Enlightenment ideas in Portugal can be traced back to the diplomat, philosopher, and writer António Vieira (1608-1697), who spent a considerable amount of his life in colonial Brazil denouncing discriminations against New Christians and the Indigenous peoples in Brazil. His works remain today as one of the best pieces of Portuguese literature. During the 18th century, enlightened literary movements such as the Arcádia Lusitana (lasting from 1756 until 1776, then replaced by the Nova Arcádia in 1790 until 1794) surfaced in the academic medium, in particular involving former students of the University of Coimbra.
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Bangladesh Sadharon Chhatra Odhikar Songrokkhon Parishad (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ সাধারণ ছাত্র অধিকার সংরক্ষণ পরিষদ; English: Bangladesh General Students' Right Protection Council) is a Bangladeshi democratic student organization to promote and protect general students' right, to reform quotas and eliminate all types of discriminations in the recruitment of government employees. The organization first came to prominence in 2018 for leading Bangladesh quota reform movement. Due to the movement's increasing popularity, Bangladesh government accepted its five-point demands and abolished quotas in the recruitment of Bangladesh Civil Service cadres though no reform was announced in the recruitment of lower grade officers. In July 2018, many involved in the demonstrations of the organization were brutally attacked.
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After the Partition of India in 1947, Bangladesh or erstwhile East Bengal (later named as East Pakistan) became a part of the Muslim majority country of Pakistan and several talented Hindu scientists of Bangladeshi origin decided for moving to India because of the growing communal dissonance in the region. The regional branch of Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research was established in 1955 in Dhaka, which was the first scientific research organisation in East Pakistan. It was later renamed as Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. The economic and other discriminations towards East Pakistan and extensive investments in militarisation by the central Government of Pakistan led to a slow growth in the positive development of science and technology in this period.
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Hawler Medical University is intended to be an innovative center of excellence in learning and research while supporting students and researchers committed to assisting the community. The aim is to promote the development of students to reach their true potential in becoming competent, ethical, caring and inquiring doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, midwives, and laboratory technicians as well as visionary leaders. Hawler Medical University is committed to academic freedom and the principles of equal opportunity with no discriminations in delivering its services and applying knowledge with high standards of intellectual, educational, and research productivity. It is intended to become a learning institution that provides education and research services in all fields of health and education like a modern medical university in a well-developed country.
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Officially, the Government of Azerbaijan has taken positive steps towards protecting religious minorities and the national policy of this country is defined on the principles of tolerance and coexistence of various nationalities, ethnic groups and religious minorities. In the context of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, hate speech against Armenians "continues to be a staple of officially sanctioned media" according to Minority Rights Group InternationalMinorities and indigenous peoples in Azerbaijan: Armenians, while "peace-building initiatives involving civil society actors are regularly vilified, and sometimes result in physical assaults on the property and persons of those involved". Lezgins people are facing discriminations and "feel forced to assimilate into Azeri identity to avoid economic and education discrimination"Minorities and indigenous peoples in Azerbaijan: Lezgins.
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Only few parishioners and clergy, mostly of Reformed tradition, followed Jean Cauvin's doctrine of the Kingdom of Christ within the church and the world.Ralf Lange and Peter Noss, "Bekennende Kirche in Berlin", p. 114. Among them were Karl Barth and Dietrich Bonhoeffer, who demanded the church bodies to oppose the abolition of democracy and the unlawfulness in the general political sphere.In April 1933 Bonhoeffer appealed at the Evangelical Church (1) to ask the Nazi government for the legitimacy of its actions, (2) to serve the victims of the anti-Semitic discriminations, also those who were not parishioners and (3) to directly block the 'spokes' of the 'wheel' of detrimental government activities. Cf. Hartmut Ludwig, "Das ›Büro Pfarrer Grüber‹ 1938–1940", p. 4.
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While in the beginning the Nazi authorities hoped to make the so- called Aryan partner get a divorce from their Jewish-classified spouses, by granting easy legal divorce procedures and opportunities to withhold most of the common property after a divorce. Those, who stuck to their spouse, would suffer discriminations like dismissal from public employment, exclusion from civic society organisations etc. When deportations started people living in mixed marriages were first spared. In March 1943 an attempt to deport the Berlin-based Jews and Gentiles of Jewish descent, living in mixed marriages, failed due to public protest by their relatives-in-law of so-called Aryan kinship (see Rosenstraße protest). A last attempt, undertaken in February/March 1945 ended, because the extermination camps already were liberated.
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"In 1998, New York's Board of Education spent about $8,000 yearly on the education of a third grade child in a New York City public school". (Kozol, 45) If you were to lift that same child and put them in a typical white suburb of New York he/she would be worth about $12,000, if you were to pick that child up once again and put him/her in one of the wealthiest white suburbs of New York their price tag goes up to $18,000. (Kozol, 45) This labeling of students and how much they will be receiving towards school education is clearly an example of discriminations and a way in which the poor stay poor and the rich keep getting chances to get richer.
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The Arab minority of southern Iran has been subject to discriminations, persecution in Iran. In a report published in February 2006, Amnesty International stated that the "Arab population of Iran is one of the most economically and socially deprived in Iran" and that Arabs have "reportedly been denied state employment under the gozinesh [job placement] criteria." Critics of such reports have pointed out that they are often based on sketchy sources and are not always to be trusted at face value (see: Criticism of human rights reports on Khuzestan). Furthermore, critics point out that Arabs have social mobility in Iran, with a number of famous Iranians from the worlds of arts, sport, literature, and politics having Arab origins (see: Iranian Arabs) illustrating Arab-Iranian participation in Iranian economics, society, and politics.
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In fact, scholarly neglect mirrors, and can even be attributed to, the marginalization of les due to the intertwined, compounded discriminations against both women and homosexuality.UNDP and USAID, Being LGBT in Asia: Vietnam Country Report (Bangkok: UNDP, 2014), 38. In her writing, Newton echoes the observation that the lack of direct scholarship on Vietnamese les strongly suggests that their agential forms of self-identification and community formation obliquely eludes homophobic interpellations and institutions. Therefore, instead of focusing on global liberal structures and discourses that similarly attempt to interpellate, define, and identify les, such as gay marriage laws, LGBT rights in Vietnam, or NGO activity, this entry will focus on les personal identifications and kinship structures, and how they differ from definitions imposed on them by governing macro-structures.
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The American Psychiatric Association advises: "...most leaders in the field agree that although it is a rare occurrence, a memory of early childhood abuse that has been forgotten can be remembered later; however, these leaders also agree that it is possible to construct convincing pseudomemories for events that never occurred. Not all therapists agree that false memories are a major risk of psychotherapy and they argue that this idea overstates the data and is untested. Several studies have reported high percentages of the corroboration of recovered memories, and some authors have claimed that the false memory movement has tended to conceal or omit evidence of (the) corroboration" of recovered memories. A difficult issue for the field is that there is no evidence that reliable discriminations can be made between true and false memories.
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Usually the discriminated person took the action, questioning their descent from the Jewish-classified man until then regarded as their biological (grand)father.One action was recorded where the plaintiff questioned the parentage of his Jewish-classified mother, claiming he had been confused in the maternity clinic for another infant. Paternity suits aiming for reclassification () appeared mostly with deceased, divorced, or illegitimate (grand)fathers. They usually sought to change the discriminated litigant's status from Jewish-classified to Mischling of first degree, or from Mischling of first degree to second degree. The numbers of such suits soared whenever the Nazi government imposed new discriminations and persecutions (such as the Nuremberg Laws 1935, Kristallnacht in 1938, and systematic deportations of Jewish Germans and Gentile Germans of Jewish descent to concentration camps, 1941).
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Judaism in France thus became, as the Alsatian deputy Schwendt wrote to his constituents, "nothing more than the name of a distinct religion". However, in Alsace, especially in the Bas-Rhin the reactionaries did not cease their agitations and Jews were victims of discriminations. During the Reign of Terror, at Bordeaux, Jewish bankers, compromised in the cause of the Girondins, had to pay important fines or to run away to save their lives while some Jewish bankers (49 according to the Jewish Encyclopedia) were imprisoned at Paris as suspects and nine of them were executed. The decree of the convention by which the Catholic faith was annulled and replaced by the worship of Reason was applied by the provincial clubs, especially by those of the German districts, to the Jewish religion as well.
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In Magick Without Tears, Crowley suggests (without actually saying so) that the Secret Chiefs of the A∴A∴ have reached at least the rank of Magus, in some sense. The state of Ipsissimus is the very highest possible (symbolized by the sphere of Kether on the Tree of Life). Relatively little is openly written of this state of enlightenment > The Ipsissimus is wholly free from all limitations whatsoever, existing in > the nature of all things without discriminations of quantity or quality > between them. He has identified Being and not-Being and Becoming, action and > non-action and tendency to action, with all other such triplicities, not > distinguishing between them in respect of any conditions, or between any one > thing and any other thing as to whether it is with or without conditions.
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Internal set theory (IST) is a mathematical theory of sets developed by Edward Nelson that provides an axiomatic basis for a portion of the nonstandard analysis introduced by Abraham Robinson. Instead of adding new elements to the real numbers, Nelson's approach modifies the axiomatic foundations through syntactic enrichment. Thus, the axioms introduce a new term, "standard", which can be used to make discriminations not possible under the conventional axioms for sets. Thus, IST is an enrichment of ZFC: all axioms of ZFC are satisfied for all classical predicates, while the new unary predicate "standard" satisfies three additional axioms I, S, and T. In particular, suitable nonstandard elements within the set of real numbers can be shown to have properties that correspond to the properties of infinitesimal and unlimited elements.
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In 1917, the United States had an active economy boosted by World War I. Many would-be workers were drafted or enlisted into military service, creating a shortage of labor for industrial employers in major cities, which had long been destinations for European immigrants. Concurrently African Americans began the Great Migration from the rural Southern United States to seek better work and education in the North, as well as to escape from lynchings and the discriminations of the Jim Crow era. Labor agencies recruited some workers for specific jobs, especially as strikebreakers, but labor demand was sufficient that migrants moved on their own, having heard about the new employment opportunities created by the wartime economy. The neighboring communities of St. Louis, Missouri, and East St. Louis, Illinois, both became destinations for southern migrants.
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We mention these matters not to reexamine the scope of the police power of the States. We advert to them merely in emphasis of our view that strict scrutiny of the classification which a State makes in a sterilization law is essential, lest unwittingly, or otherwise, invidious discriminations are made against groups or types of individuals in violation of the constitutional guaranty of just and equal laws. In a separate concurring opinion, Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone stated that he disagreed with the majority opinion's reliance on the Equal Protection Clause and instead cited the Due Process Clause to prevent Skinner from being sterilized. The Oklahoma courts did not allow Skinner to call expert witnesses, who might have testified that he did not have any criminal genes and would not be likely to have children who would grow up to become criminals.
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The European Alliance of Cities and Regions for Roma Inclusion aims to be a lever for local and regional authorities to engage in the exchange of best practices for Roma Youth inclusion. Young Roma have to suffer from a doubled plight: they are concerned by the same discriminations and difficulties as their elders, but at the same time they have to endure the same problems as all young people today (unemployment, social and economic exclusion, difficult transition to adulthood, and an uncertain future). In this regard, the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities adopted a report on "Empowering Roma youth through participation: effective policy design at local and regional levels" on 26 March 2014 during the 26th Congress Session. This report was prepared by co-rapporteurs Inger Linge and John Warmisham, Congress Vice-President and Rapporteur on Roma Issues.
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She developed her own theory of psychological aesthetics in collaboration with her lover, Kit Anstruther-Thomson, based on previous works by William James, Theodor Lipps, and Karl Groos. She claimed that spectators "empathise" with works of art when they call up memories and associations and cause often unconscious bodily changes in posture and breathing.Rene Wellek (1970), "Vernon Lee, Bernard Berenson, and Aesthetics," Discriminations: Further Concepts of Criticism, New Haven: Yale UP She was known for her numerous essays about travel in Italy, France, Germany, and Switzerland, which attempted to capture the psychological effects of places rather than to convey any particular piece of information. Like her friend Henry James, she wrote critically about the relationship between writers and their audience, pioneering the idea of critical assessment among all the arts as relating to an audience's personal response.
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The upcoming Nazi dictatorship with its anti-Semitic discriminations, invidiousnesses, persecutions, and atrocities changed the lives of German Jewry so thoroughly that disputes on style and traditions fell silent. After the new Nazi government had widely banned Jewish performers, artists and scientists from public stages and lecterns, Rykestraße Synagogue opened for their concerts and lectures organised by Kulturbund Deutscher Juden or benefit performances by Jüdisches Winterhilfswerk (Jewish winter aid endowment) in favour of poor Jews, who had been excluded from government benefits.Hermann Simon, Die Synagoge Rykestraße (1904–2004), Berlin: Hentrich & Hentrich and Stiftung Neue Synagoge Berlin / Centrum Judaicum, 2004, (Jüdische Miniaturen; vol. 17), p. 38. On 16 February 1934 the synagogal choir under Kurt Burchard (1877–1942, Auschwitz) enacted for the first time the new Friday night liturgy that had been composed by Jakob Dymont (1881–1956), choirmaster at Adass Jisroel synagogue.
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Ironically, an MP in Chirac's own UMP party, Christian Vanneste, became the first person to be convicted under the law in January 2006 although this conviction was later cancelled by the Court of Cassation after a refused appeal. The law of December 2004 created the Haute autorité de lutte contre les discriminations et pour l'égalité (High Authority against Discrimination and for Equality). Title 3 and articles 20 and 21 of the law amended the Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 to make provisions for more specific offenses including injury, defamation, insult, incitement to hatred or violence, or discrimination against a person or group of persons because of their gender, sexual orientation or disability. When a physical assault or murder is motivated by the sexual orientation of the victim, the law increases the penalties that are normally given.
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In practice, people who struggle for stealth integration usually become known after a time, yet the effort and need to be of the other sex and gender can remain for decades or an entire life. And there are problems that can come with stealth living such as an inability to enter into situations that could reveal, an inability to complain to authorities about discriminations, or even to file a complaint with police if suffering a hate crime, as such a complaint can create an official file or court documents of information the stealth trans person is trying to conceal. People may also choose to be stealth in some parts of their lives and not other, disconnected parts (for instance, being stealth at work, but openly transgender amongst friends). To attain the level of gender passing to be stealth is a goal for many who choose to differ from traditional gender.
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Cognitive neuroscientists Isabel Gauthier and Michael Tarr are two of the major proponents of the view that face recognition involves expert discrimination of similar objects (See the Perceptual Expertise Network). Other scientists, in particular Nancy Kanwisher and her colleagues, argue that face recognition involves processes that are face-specific and that are not recruited by expert discriminations in other object classes (see the domain specificity). Studies by Gauthier have shown that an area of the brain known as the fusiform gyrus (sometimes called the fusiform face area because it is active during face recognition) is also active when study participants are asked to discriminate between different types of birds and cars, and even when participants become expert at distinguishing computer generated nonsense shapes known as greebles. This suggests that the fusiform gyrus may have a general role in the recognition of similar visual objects.
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After completing the course, she returned to Wat Paknam and told Luang Pu Sodh she only used her outer human body to meditate with Wat Mahathat's method, in order to keep her dhammakaya during the training. Luang Pu Sodh then told her to always keep her dhammakaya. In comparing Dhammakaya meditation with other methods she practiced, bhikkhuni Voramai states that there are four types of arahants: one who has the discriminations, one who has the higher knowledges, one who has the threefold knowledges, and one who has "dry insight", meaning they are enlightened but have none of the knowledges of the first three. According to bhikkhuni Voramai, Dhammakaya meditation and the Buddho method of meditation she learned with Ajahn Lee allows one to become the first three arahants, while the vipassana method taught at Wat Mahathat allows one to become enlightened quickly, but only as a "dry insight" arahant.
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Walisongo changes all those self pronunciation or designation which indicates the meaning of slaves, and replaced it with the term of ingsun, aku, kulun, or awak, and other designations that do not represent the identity of slaves or persons with lower social status. That is the concept of society of Walisongo, society or community of equal and mutual cooperation, which does not possess any discriminations nor discriminate the terms of self designation between subject classes such "gusti and kawula", which is called "Masyarakat". In present days, the term of kula, ambo, abdi, hamba, sahaya or saya, are still being used for the purpose of showing respect toward others, for example: while speaking toward someone older, parents, strangers, and so on. At the time of Majapahit, in addition to class gusti, people do not have property rights, such as houses, cattle, and so on, because all of them belonged to the palace.
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Dolkun Isa (; ; born 2 September 1967) is an Uyghur politician and activist from the region of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, also known as East Turkestan. He is the 3rd and current president of the World Uyghur Congress, in office since 12 November 2017. He previously served as General Secretary and Chairman of the Executive Committee of the congress, respectively, and has spoken on behalf of the rights of the largely Islamic minority Uyghurs which makes up the majority population in that region, as well as presented Uyghur human rights issues to the UN Human Rights Council, European Parliament, European governments, and international human rights organizations. In 1988, when he was studying at Xinjiang University, he led the students demonstration on 15 June 1988 in Ürümqi against discriminations and unfair treatments on Uyghurs and was expelled from the school in the same year, later he fled to Europe.
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Although transgender sex workers are able to attain their own sense of community, they are still faced with discrimination which often represents itself in violence on the streets. Since these discriminations are deeply embedded in societies such as the United States, many transgender sex workers are met with abuse or exploitation from law enforcement, rather than protection or support. On top of the typical risk of rape and robbery that prostitutes face by their clients and police, transgender prostitutes face the additional burden of transphobic acts of violence and harassment. One study includes 48 transgender women of color from San Francisco who share their experiences with violence during sex work—one participant recalls: "The police see you on the sidewalk, they will snatch your hair off your head, if you have on a wig and they will call you 'boy', loud, so everybody can hear over the speaker phone" [p. 774].
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Not included were persons, who observed no or other than the Jewish religion, who had only up to maximally two grandparents who were enlisted in a Jewish congregation (so-called Mischlinge). Also those persons, with three or four Jewish grandparents were excluded, who were married with a person classified as a so-called Aryan in a so-called racially mixed marriage (the couple did not necessarily have to be an interfaith marriage, because only the grandparents' religious affiliation counted, not the possibly common faith personally confessed by both partners). Later this exception was restricted to persons living in a so-called privileged mixed couple, characterised by the fact that either the Gentile partner was the husband, having no children, or children who were brought up as Gentiles, or that in a couple, where the Gentile was the wife, they had children, who were brought up as Gentiles. A male spouse, classified as a Jew, in a childless couple, suffered all discriminations.
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The influence of Jews had been declared to have a detrimental impact on Germany, in order to justify the discriminations and persecutions of Jews. To be spared from those, one had to prove one's affiliation with the group of the Aryan race, as conceived by the Nazis. It was paradoxical that neither genetic tests nor allegedly racial outward features in one's physiognomy determined one's affiliation, although the Nazis talked a lot about physiognomy, but only the records of the religious affiliations of one's grandparents decided it. However, while earlier the grandparents had still been able to choose their religion, their grandchildren in the Nazi era were compulsorily categorised as Jews, thus non-Aryans, if three or four grandparents had been enrolled as members of a Jewish congregation, regardless of whether the persecuted themselves were Jews according to the Halachah (roughly meaning: Jewish by birth from a Jewish mother or by conversion), apostates, irreligionists or Christians.
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In practice, the non-zero lower asymptote found in multiple-choice datasets is less of a threat to measurement than commonly assumed and typically does not result in substantive errors in measurement when well-developed test items are used sensibly Verhelst & Glas (1995) derive Conditional Maximum Likelihood (CML) equations for a model they refer to as the One Parameter Logistic Model (OPLM). In algebraic form it appears to be identical with the 2PL model, but OPLM contains preset discrimination indexes rather than 2PL's estimated discrimination parameters. As noted by these authors, though, the problem one faces in estimation with estimated discrimination parameters is that the discriminations are unknown, meaning that the weighted raw score "is not a mere statistic, and hence it is impossible to use CML as an estimation method" (Verhelst & Glas, 1995, p. 217). That is, sufficiency of the weighted "score" in the 2PL cannot be used according to the way in which a sufficient statistic is defined.
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Gentleman's Agreement is a 1947 novel by Laura Z. Hobson which explored the problem of anti-Semitism in the United States, what The New York Times called, in a contemporary review, "a story of the emotional disturbance that occurs within a man who elects, for the sake of getting a magazine article, to tell people that he is a Jew and who experiences first-hand, as a consequence, the shock and pain of discriminations and social snubs."'Gentleman's Agreement,' Study of Anti-Semitism, Is Feature at Mayfair -- Gregory Peck Plays Writer Acting as Jew - November 12, 1947 The book, originally published in serial form in Cosmopolitan in 1946, was published by Simon & Schuster, and became a runaway bestseller, selling over 1.6 million copies."Assignment America" - TIME It reached No. 1 on the New York Times bestseller list in April 1947. The book was adapted into a 1947 film of the same name starring Gregory Peck.
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However, her priorities were more practical than symbolic. Invited by a journalist to celebrate the removal of the title "Mademoiselle" ("Miss") from government forms she retorted that the word "Mademoiselle" had never bothered her, pointing to a poll that had found its usage ranked bottom in a list of women's concerns, troubling just 5% as against the 84% calling for equal pay. She participated in the Grandes Gueules (loosely "Big Mouths") radio discussion show and started a series monthly radio broadcasts on Judaïques FM, a Jewish local radio service in Paris, using for her talks the title "Paroles de femmes", and dealing with feminist themes. She created a course module entitled "l’Égalité des sexes et de lutte contre toutes les discriminations" ("Gender equality and the fight against all forms of discrimination") for use in educational establishments, and she also engaged on the theme in detention centres for adolescents identified as having committed rapes.
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Macaques and humans have the same peripheral nervous system sensitivities and can make the same tactile discriminations. Subsequent research into neural processing has increasingly vindicated a structural resemblance or physical isomophism approach to how information enters the brain, is stored, and deployed. It is important to emphasize that this isomorphism between mind/brain and world is not a matter of some relationship between reality and a map of reality stored in the brain. Maps require interpretation if they are to be about what they map, and both eliminativism and neuroscience share a commitment to explaining the appearance of aboutness by purely physical relationships between informational states in the brain and what they “represent.” The mind/brain-to-world relationship must be a matter of physical isomorphism— sameness of form, outline, structure that doesn’t require interpretation. This machinery can be applied to make “sense” of eliminativism in terms of the sentences the eliminativist speaks or writes.
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April A. Benasich, an American neuroscientist, is the Elizabeth H. Solomon Professor of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Director of the Infancy Studies Laboratory at the Center for Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience (CMBN) and Director of the Carter Center for Neurocognitive Research and Professor of Neuroscience at Rutgers University. In addition, she is a Principal Investigator within the National Science Foundation-funded Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center headquartered at the University of California, San Diego’s Institute for Neural Computation. Benasich was the first to link early deficits in rapid auditory processing to later impairments in language and cognition, thus demonstrating that the ability to perform fine non-speech acoustic discriminations in early infancy is critically important to, and highly predictive of, language development in typically developing children as well as children at risk for language learning disorders. Her research also suggests that rapid auditory processing ability may be used to identify and remediate infants at highest risk of language delay and impairment regardless of risk status.
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In 1658, Barsimson succeeded in securing from the Dutch municipal court in New Amsterdam a ruling which is surprising even in the light of latter-day principles of religious liberty. He was summoned to court as defendant on a Saturday, but the court decided, in the terse language of the record that "though defendant is absent, yet no default is entered against him, as he was summoned on his Sabbath." Three years earlier, Barsimson and another early Jewish settler, Asser Levy (died 1680), joined in a petition to the governor and council of New Netherland to be permitted to stand guard like the other burghers, or to be relieved from the special tax imposed upon their nation in lieu thereof by resolution of governor and council, but their request was curtly refused with the remark that they might go elsewhere if they liked. Instead of following the latter advice, Barsimson and other early American Jews succeeded before long in obtaining instructions to Governor Peter Stuyvesant from his superiors, the Dutch West India Company of Holland, condemning such unjustified and illiberal discriminations.
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The anti-Semitic discriminations made the congregations' well-earning contributors lose their incomes and/or emigrate, while more destitute members increasingly needed aid. The congregations and their umbrella ILM were running out of money because dues had dropped to a third of their pre-1933 level.Mecklenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv, 10.72-1 Israelitischer Oberrat, 57 [Schriftverkehr mit der Gemeinde Rostock], folio 69, 20 September 1933 (Max Samuel to Mecklenburg- Schwerin's Ministry for Education, Art, spiritual and medical Affairs, letter) So in 1935 the Upper Council had to increase ILM's religious tax, a surplus on the regular state income tax progressing with rising income, by 10 to 20 percent (also progressing).Mecklenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv, 10.72-1 Israelitischer Oberrat, 57 [Schriftverkehr mit der Gemeinde Rostock], folio 53, 4 March 1935 (Max Samuel to Richard Siegmann, letter). In 1935 Max Samuel's engagement in the ILM, including its paperwork and correspondence by his staff in the EMSA-Werke, aroused criticism in the upper council from the deputy Max Marcus (1876–1945In 1939 he and his family emigrated to Haifa, one of his grandsons, Daniel, born 1944 became an Israeli ambassador.
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In September 2008, he said: In November 2008, Migliore led the delegation of the Holy See to the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus in Doha, Qatar, during which he stressed the importance of right action and the human person, stating that "Global development is, at its heart, a question not only of technical logistics but more fundamentally of morality" and that "Social and economic development must be measured and implemented with the human person at the center of all decisions." In response to a proposed nonbinding UN declaration on LGBT rights introduced at the United Nations by member States of the European Union, Migliore said that unjust forms of discrimination against homosexuals must be avoided, but he also said that adding such "new categories [that would be] protected from discrimination" would create in turn "new and implacable discriminations". He continued by saying that "Countries that don't recognize the union between people of the same sex as marriage will be punished and pressured." The proposed declaration does not in fact mention same-sex marriage, but most of the nations that support the document do recognize same-sex unions.
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Mary formulated sentences like "I want to try to see what my mother gives me: there's only one of me" or "For the first time in my life, I'm engaged in making a home ("home" is also coming at home, entering into myself)", whereas the witch produced statements like "With my bland, pussycat qualities I have vulnerable things in hand, from which I derive power at a later moment (somebody tells me things that I can use so that I get what I want)" or "I enjoy when I have broken him [husband]: from a power position entering the battlefield." It was found that the sentences of the two positions were very different in content, style, and affective meaning. Moreover, the relationship between Mary and the witch seemed to be more monological than dialogical, that is, either the one or the other was in control of the self and the situation and there was not no exchange between them. After the investigation, Mary received a therapeutic supervision during which she started to keep a diary in which she learned to make fine discriminations between her own experiences as Mary and those of the witch.
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