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Tropidolaemus wagleri the "sexually dimorphic" temple pitviper Screengrab: YouTubeHell yeah, snek!

Furthermore, hippos aren't sexually dimorphic, which means it's difficult to distinguish males from females.

Coincidentally, some species of praying mantis are sexually dimorphic in size, meaning females outweigh their male counterparts.

That was the case for two of the just-named Perdita species, P. prodigiosa and P. pilonotata, which are "sexually dimorphic with distinctive ant-like males," the authors write.

Gametocytes are not sexually dimorphic in either size or shape.

The wingspan is about 55 mm. Adults are strongly sexually dimorphic.

The species is long and weighs . The plumage is sexually dimorphic.

The gametocytes are not sexually dimorphic in either size or shape.

This study confirmed that the medial amygdala is sexually dimorphic; the males are larger than the females. The posterodorsal and posteroventral were shown to be sexually dimorphic too. The writer suggested that these areas may act similarly to sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in response to testosterone, but prenatal stress did not show an effect on the medial amygdala as it does on the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Also, the posteroventral was 40% larger in control males than females.

The feet were greyish brown. Males and females were not sexually dimorphic.

Like the callionymids, they are bottom- dwelling fish, and usually sexually dimorphic.

Tosale oviplagalis, the dimorphic tosale moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae.

Talmessite is dimorphic with wendwilsonite (which is not a member of this group).

Pitx2 isoforms are expressed in a sexually dimorphic manner during rat gonadal development.

Males and females are dimorphic in body mass, with females 40% heavier than males.

Unlike other temple viper species, this species lacks age- related and sexually dimorphic coloration.

Candida albicans growing as yeast cells and filamentous (hypha) cells Dimorphic fungi are fungi that can exist in the form of both mold and yeast. This is usually brought about by change in temperature and the fungi are also described as thermally dimorphic fungi. An example is Talaromyces marneffei, a human pathogen that grows as a mold at room temperature, and as a yeast at human body temperature. The term dimorphic is commonly used for fungi that can grow both as yeast and filamentous cells, however many of these dimorphic fungi actually can grow in more than these two forms.

Aegyptopitheccus zeuxis is thought to have been sexually dimorphic. Tooth size, craniofacial morphology, brain size, and body mass all indicate this. Due to A. zeuxis being sexually dimorphic, the social structure is thought to have been polygynous with intense competition for females.

In almost all cases, they are sexually dimorphic, and often found only on the males.

Protein kinase A (PKA) genes such as pkaR are highly also expressed during dimorphic shift.

Adults are sexually dimorphic. The forewings are mostly purplish red with a yellow apical area.

The greater lophorina is a dimorphic species. Male nominate race at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center.

The Tremellomycetes are a class of dimorphic fungi. Some species have a gelatinous fruiting body or a sacculate parenthesome. There are 3 orders, 11 families, 50 genera, and 377 species in the Tremellomycetes. Tremellomycetes are yeasts, dimorphic taxa, and species that form complex fruiting bodies.

Mueller, H. C. (1986). The evolution of reversed sexual dimorphism in owls: an empirical analysis of possible selective factors. The Wilson Bulletin, 387-406. Of European owls, the tawny owl ranks as fourth most dimorphic by weight and fifth most dimorphic by wing dimensions.

Adult western pond turtles are sexually dimorphic, with males having a light or pale yellow throat.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. On the contrary, though, they are highly sexually dimorphic in size (the most dimorphic of any in the United States) and mature females are sometimes more massive than almost any female B. j. calurus.Palmer, R. S. ed. (1988). Handbook of North American Birds.

Lagenoderus is a genus of leaf-rolling weevil that is noted for being strongly sexually dimorphic. Species of this genus are all known from Madagascar. Females of Lagenoderus had been assigned to a different genus, Phymatolabus Jekel, owing to confusion due to the species' sexually dimorphic nature.

Their leafnoses are wide. Males and females are non-dimorphic in body mass, with adult individuals weighing .

Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN) has long been considered as a sexually dimorphic nucleus. It is an important region for regulating the sexual responses in female rodents. The neurons within VMN have significant estrogen-dependent functional and structural plasticity. The synaptic organization of the VMN is sexually dimorphic.

Postcanine records show that L. lufengensis was more dimorphic than modern ape species such as the orangutan. Therefore, at least dentally, there were large variations between males and females of the species. Researchers are unsure if L. lufengensis is the more dimorphic of extinct ape species, but is more dimorphic than all extant ape species. Due to the extremely high molar dimorphism found in L. lufengensis, there is no overlap between males and females in bivariate plots of mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions.

ConchBooks, Hackenheim. It grows to 20 cm in mantle length. The eyes of this species are highly dimorphic.

M. mintoni is lightly sexually dimorphic, with females having a slightly higher weight range, and bolder ventral barring.

Auchenipterus species have a number of pronounced sexually dimorphic features of the head, maxillary barbels, and anal fin.

They are sexually dimorphic, with the macrogametocytes being longer than microgametocytes and having a greater length-width product.

Furthermore, maternal diet and exposing the developmental mice to BPA, may cause harm and lead to sexually dimorphic responses.

Protein and RNA syntheses were examined during hyphal germ tube emergence from sporangiospores of a dimorphic phycomycete, Mucor racemosus.

The dcl-2 of T. marneffei and its homologue in T. stipitatus are more closely related to those of the thermal dimorphic pathogenic fungi, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Coccidioides immitis than to P. chrysogenum and Aspergillus spp., suggesting the co-evolution of dcl-2 among the thermal dimorphic fungi. On the other hand, qde-2 of T. marneffei is most closely related to its homologues in other thermal dimorphic fungi than to that in T. stipitatus, P. chrysogenum and Aspergillus spp.

In addition to the long tails the males and females are sexually dimorphic and have rufous, black and white plumage.

Dimorphic Cynosure is the fifth studio album by the Austrian death metal band Thirdmoon, released through Maintain Records in 2007.

The song system is sexually dimorphic in many species of songbirds, especially in species in which the male primarily sings.

H. erato has compound eyes, meaning that each eye consists of many individual photoreceptor units. H. erato eyes are unique in that they have at least five different kinds of photoreceptors and are sexually dimorphic, despite having sexually monomorphic wing patterns. (Butterflies with sexually dimorphic eyes typically have sexually dimorphic wing patterns.) The males lack protein expression of one of the SW (short-wave) opsins, which are light-sensitive proteins found in the retina. The UV discrimination conferred by this missing protein may cause males to mistake female co-mimics of other species.

Most fish are sexually dimorphic but some species are hermaphroditic or unisexual.Bony Fish Reproduction 2002. SeaWorld/Busch Gardens Animal Information Database.

Baniana relapsa is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found on the Antilles. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

The species is sexually dimorphic, with the males possessing a bright, greenish-blue color while the females are a duller brown.

Adults are sexually dimorphic. The forewings are brownish and the hindwings are bright yellow. The hindwings are much darker in males.

The stamens are strongly dimorphic. The anthers open by pores. The genus Cyanastrum is sometimes placed in its own family Cyanastraceae.

Such species (e.g. Candida albicans) are termed dimorphic, which means they can propagate both as budding yeasts and as filamentous hyphae.

It is sexually dimorphic, with a blue tail in the male, and a rufous tail with blackish bars in the female.

Hypena bijugalis, the dimorphic bomolocha, dimorphic hypena or toothed snout- moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in North America from Nova Scotia across southern Canada to Vancouver Island, south over the whole United States to Florida. The wingspan is 24–31 mm.

Leaves generally deciduous but some apical leaves over winter and are dimorphic, young twigs with flattened multicellular hairs that are widely distributed.

The species is sexually dimorphic with the male is almost entirely black while the female is brown with a grey bill and legs.

In addition, sexual dichromatism is not infrequently seen in lepturines; usually, longhorn beetles are not dimorphic or only have longer antennae in males.

Bessette et al. (2012), pp. 14–15. Hygrocybe appalachianensis mushrooms produce a white spore print. Both the spores and the basidia are dimorphic.

In several lineages, pronounced sexual dimorphism occurs, and among each galliform clade, the more apomorphic ("advanced") lineages tend to be more sexually dimorphic.

When the species is split up, the black boubou and dimorphic boubou, which are found only in a limited area, might warrant uplisting.

Xysticus ulmi is sexually dimorphic; males are darker than females and the patella and femora of the first and second legs are black.

Prenatal stress does have an effect on brain sexual differentiation after measuring the volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area of both female and males in the control and stressed groups. Prenatal stress inhibits the masculinization of the male brain by inhibiting the growth of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Previous studies found that a decrease in testosterone is seen in pups of prenatally stressed mothers. Authors suggest this may cause the reduced in the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and says it is similar to the effects of neonatal castration.

For instance, males of most species prefer the odor and appearance of females over males, which is instrumental in stimulating male sexual behavior. If the sexually dimorphic nucleus is lesioned, this preference for females by males diminishes. Also, the pattern of secretion of growth hormone is sexually dimorphic; this is why in many species, adult males are visibly distinguishable from females.

The one-colored becard is sexually dimorphic. The male is black with a grey underside while the female is cinnamon with a buff underside.

Desert shrimps are sexually dimorphic. The males have their front two pairs of thoracic appendages modified into claws while the hermaphrodites have unmodified legs.

The lateral horn neurons that synapse with the ventral nerve cord are dimorphic in their structure and respond to the drosophila sex pheromone cVA.

He concludes that "it is quite possible that sexual selection may have played a subordinate part" in producing sexually dimorphic coloration.Beddard, 1892. p. 282.

They are sexually dimorphic and locally common. This species is sometimes classified as a subpopulation of P. forbesi; however, it has a separate range.

Male frons distinctly concave as opposed to the convex female frons. Asian species can be easily separated from African counterparts by having sexually dimorphic antennae.

Ephialtias abrupta is a moth of the family Notodontidae. It is found in from the lower Amazon (Pará) in Brazil. The species is sexually dimorphic.

The differentiation of other parts of the body than the sex organ creates the secondary sex characteristics. Sexual dimorphism of skeletal structure develops during childhood, and becomes more pronounced at adolescence. Sexual orientation has been demonstrated to correlate with skeletal characters that become dimorphic during early childhood (such as arm length to stature ratio) but not with characters that become dimorphic during puberty—such as shoulder width.

Members of the family have the following characteristics, being distinguished by having strongly dimorphic fronds, with the fertile fronds different from the sterile fronds. The rhizomes are long- to short-creeping to ascending, and sometimes stoloniferous (Matteuccia and Onocleopsis). The leaves are strongly dimorphic and the petioles have two vascular bundles uniting distally into a gutter-shape. The blades are pinnatifid or pinnate-pinnatifid.

Moreover, males have longer tarsi and longer flank feathers than females.Kis, J. and Székely, T. 2003. Sexually dimorphic breast-feathers in the Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus.

Lonchoptera is a genus of spear-winged flies (Lonchopteridae). Their common name refers to their subacute (pointed) wings, which have a distinct and sexually dimorphic venation.

Dimorphic (males with triangular abdomen, females with squarish abdomen).Van Veen, M. (2004) Hoverflies of Northwest Europe: identification keys to the Syrphidae. 256pp. KNNV Publishing, Utrecht.

Dimorphic is thus often used as a general reference for fungi being able to switch between yeast and filamentous cells, but not necessary limiting more shapes.

The variation can either be due to loss of bones during preparation of a specimen, or individual variations. It is not known to be sexually dimorphic.

Thus, dimorphic male development in L. hemichalceum is thought to be impacted by cell size and pollen ball size, rather than just genetic differences between males.

Amblyomma hebraeum, commonly known as the South African bont tick, is a species of hard tick that is native to southern Africa. They are sexually dimorphic.

11th Int. Ornith. Cong., pp. 309–328. Basel. show various kinds of morphism. Males are dimorphic in song type: songs A and B are quite distinct.

Adults are sexually dimorphic. Females have whitish forewings with brown markings and white hindwings. The forewings of the males are dark brown. The hindwings are black.

Sexual and seasonal variation in the diet and foraging behaviour of a sexually dimorphic carnivore, the honey badger (Mellivora capensis). Journal of Zoology, 260(3), 301-316.

Tagula's Fig parrot is a subspecies of Double-eyed fig parrot. While the other subspecies of double-eyed fig parrots are sexually dimorphic, both genders are alike.

Academic Press. New York. The species is sexually dimorphic, with females being about 5–7% longer than males. The body shape is stocky, with no discernible beak.

Vindula, commonly called cruisers, is a genus of butterflies of the subfamily Heliconiinae in the family Nymphalidae found in southeast Asia and Australia. These butterflies are dimorphic.

Hydrelia' flavidula is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by William Warren in 1907. It is found in Papua New Guinea. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

The leaves are dimorphic, with primary leaves short ovate leaflets, and secondary leaves with 11 to 33 leaflets. These secondary leaflets are 1 to 2.5 cm long.

Females have more dendrite chemical synapses within VMN while males have more somatic synapses within that region. In addition, the size of postsynaptic densities of axospinous and axosomatic synapses is sexually dimorphic, with males having larger density than females. Estrogen plays an important role in modulating the sexually dimorphic synaptic connectivity of VMN. Estradiol levels are high on proestrus rats and return to low levels on diestrus rats.

X. taylori is sexually dimorphic. Males are thinner and smaller, and their chins turn blue when excited. Males have larger anal pores enclosed by a waxy yellow substance.

Based on these, S1 is interpreted to have been a male, and the rest females (G1 and G3 possibly juveniles), with A. afarensis being a highly dimorphic species.

There is a debate about how both the scimitar-tooth and the dirk-tooth evolved in felines and other mammals. the two sides of the debate revolve around whether it was derived from a sexual dimorphic trait or if it was completely natural selection that drove the creation of these phenotypes. The argument for sexual dimorphic origins stems from the fact that in mammals sexual dimorphic traits manifest as tools for males to compete for females. It is believed that the scimitar-tooth and the dirk-tooth were originally only in males for use in competition but then with the rise of mega-herbivores it became favorable for females to take up the trait as well.

This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have larger femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones.

There are light yellow hues medially on the hindwings, with two extradiscal spotbands fused at the tornus forming a v-shape which is positioned horizontally. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

Morphine can also alter the activities within the sexually dimorphic brain regions. Prenatal exposure to morphine increases copulatory behavior in male rats while decreases estrous behavior in female rats.

The fact that Talaromyces marneffei is thermally dimorphic is a relevant clue when trying to identify it. However, it should be kept in mind that other human-pathogenic fungi are thermally dimorphic as well. Cultures should be done from bone marrow, skin, blood and sputum samples. Plating samples out onto two Sabouraud agar plates, then incubating one at 30°C and the other at 37°C, should result in two different morphologies.

A single sexually dimorphic species allows behavioural interpretations. All sexually dimorphic species of over exhibit a polygynous breeding strategy. A modern example of this is the gender segregation of elephants, where females and the young form family groups, while lone males fight for the right to mate with all the females of the group. This behaviour is consistent with fossil finds where adult/juvenile fossil assemblages usually contain only female adult remains.

Several hypothalamic nuclei are sexually dimorphic; i.e., there are clear differences in both structure and function between males and females. Some differences are apparent even in gross neuroanatomy: most notable is the sexually dimorphic nucleus within the preoptic area, in which the differences are subtle changes in the connectivity and chemical sensitivity of particular sets of neurons. The importance of these changes can be recognized by functional differences between males and females.

This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have more prominent femoral pores on their thighs which are used to release pheromones.

The dimorphic fantail (Rhipidura brachyrhyncha) is a species of bird in the family Rhipiduridae. It is found in New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Three more molts occur, J2 becomes J3, J4 and then adult. M. incognita is sexually dimorphic. Females acquire a globose shaped body while males become vermiform and leave the roots.

Herpetogramma thestealis is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It is found in most of North America.mothphotographersgroup The wingspan is 29–38 mm.Bug Guide Adults are sexually dimorphic.

White pigmentation seen in a live Florida bonneted bat This is the largest bat in Florida. Adults weigh . Males and females are non-dimorphic in body mass.Ober et al. (2017).

It has 35–40 teeth, with highly developed carnassials, used for shearing meat. It weighs . Sexually dimorphic Egyptian mongooses were observed in Portugal, where some females are smaller than males.

The amount of dark pigment in the fins is sexually dimorphic, with males developing darker spinous dorsal fin, lobes of soft dorsal and anal fins, and pelvic fins than females.

They have lifespans of 15 to 20 years. Howler species are dimorphic and can also be dichromatic (i.e. Alouatta caraya). Males are typically 1.5 to 2.0 kg heavier than females.

The Auk 63:493-508. It has the typical chunky, rounded shape of a quail. The bill is short, curved and brown-black in color. This species is sexually dimorphic.

Adults are sexually dimorphic. The forewings of the males are yellow, shaded with a light orange on the outer third. The hindwings are uniform smoky dark brown. Females are gray brown.

Brevundimonas abyssalis is a Gram-negative, alkali tolerant, psychrotolerant, aerobic, dimorphic prosthecate and heterotrophic bacterium from the genus of Brevundimonas which has been isolated from deep-sea floor sediments from Japan.

Mealybugs are sexually dimorphic. The adult female citrus mealybug is about long with a white, brownish, or pinkKerns, D., et al. Citrus Mealybug (Planococcus citri). Citrus Arthropod Pest Management in Arizona.

Dysschema subapicalis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1854. It is restricted to the Atlantic forests of south- eastern Brazil. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

A dimorphic root system is a plant root system with two distinct root forms, which are adapted to perform different functions. One of the most common manifestations is in plants with both a taproot, which grows straight down to the water table, from which it obtains water for the plant; and a system of lateral roots, which obtain nutrients from superficial soil layers near the surface. Many plants with dimorphic root systems adapt the levels of rainfall in the surrounding area, growing many surface roots when there is heavy rainfall, and relying on a taproot when rain is scarce. Because of their adaptability to water levels in the surrounding area, most plants with dimorphic root systems live in arid climates with common wet and dry periods.

It is a small species of free-tailed bat. Its forearm length is and individuals weigh . It is sexually dimorphic, with males larger than the females. Its skull has a flattened appearance.

They are arranged in a spike-like raceme, with the upper flowers closely crowded together. Like other species within the genus Sidalcea, such as S. oregana ssp,S. pedata is sexually dimorphic.

The larvae feed on Terminalia carolinensis. The larvae are dimorphic. There is a yellow form with an orange head which is covered with long yellow hairs. There is also a reddish form.

The wings are pale gray to reddish brown. The antemedial and postmedial lines form dark brown bands. There is a small black discal spot on all wings. The species is sexually dimorphic.

Didymoceras nebrascense is sexually dimorphic, with adults showing two average heights - the smaller male adults (microconchs) had an average height of ; while the larger female adults (macroconchs) had the average height of .

Cechenena chimaera is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from south- east Asia, including Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines. The wingspan is about 84 mm. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

The species has also been reported from north-western Africa and Asia. The habitat consists of downland and rough ground.Hantsmoths The length of the forewings is 7.5-10.8 mm. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

The wingspan is 47–48 mm. Adults are sexually dimorphic and highly variable in color. Palpi with longer third joint. Hindlegs of male tufted with long hair to the extremity of the tarsi.

Calodesma maculifrons is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is found in Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama and Ecuador. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

Lithophane patefacta, the dimorphic pinion, is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Lithophane patefacta is 9886.

The species is not sexually dimorphic in length, width or shape, the principal characters used to separate species of Beddomeia are the male and female reproductive systems, which require microscopic dissection of specimens.

The blue quail is long and weighs . Its legs are yellow. The colour of the eyes varies from brown in the juvenile to red in the breeding male. The species is sexually dimorphic.

Birthama obliquifascia is a moth of the family Limacodidae first described by George Hampson in 1893. It is found in Sri Lanka, and India. Adults are sexually dimorphic. Female much larger and heavier.

As the most sexually dimorphic of all island thrush subspecies, it is a good candidate for reclassification as a full species.Collar, N.J. (December 2004). Endemic Subspecies of Taiwan birds — first impressions. BirdingASIA 2.

The green monkey is a sexually dimorphic species, with males typically being slightly larger than females. Wild adult males weigh between and measure between , while the females usually weigh between and measure between .

Smuts with both a yeast phase and an infectious hyphal state are examples of dimorphic Basidiomycota. In plant parasitic taxa, the saprotrophic phase is normally the yeast while the infectious stage is hyphal. However, there are examples of animal and human parasites where the species are dimorphic but it is the yeast-like state that is infectious. The genus Filobasidiella forms basidia on hyphae but the main infectious stage is more commonly known by the anamorphic yeast name Cryptococcus, e.g.

Scleromystax is a genus of fish in the family Callichthyidae endemic to small tributaries from several coastal river basins draining the southern and southeastern regions in Brazil. Most of the species of Scleromystax are highly sexually dimorphic; males have developed odontodes inserted in fleshy papillae on the preopercular-opercular region and the dorsal and pectoral fins are 2-3 times as long as those of females. S. salmacis is an exception, as its sexually dimorphic features are subtle and non-remarkable.

It is a sexually dimorphic species in which the males are distinguished by having an unusual appearance with of certain fin rays being elongated. This species grows up to 25 cm in total length.

Cowpea weevil. Texas A&M; AgriLife Extension. The beetle is sexually dimorphic and males are easily distinguished from females. The females are sometimes larger than males, but this is not true of all strains.

Both of these strategies have proven, thus far, to be reproductively effective for the males practicing them, and adoption of these alternative mating strategies has contributed to the maintenance of a dimorphic male population.

USA: Chelsea House. Page 44. Retrieved June 12, 2017, from link. A 2009 book about forensic anthropology said that Vietnamese skulls are more gracile and less sexually dimorphic than the skulls of Native Americans.

Aequorea victoria have a dimorphic life history, alternating between asexual benthic polyps and sexual planktonic medusae in a seasonal pattern.Brusca, Richard C., and Brusca, Gary J. Invertebrates. 2nd. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc., 2003.

There are variations in appearance and size throughout the range. Their food consists of insects and even small mice and young lizards. The species is sexually dimorphic: the female is larger than the male.

Testosterone acts on many organs of the body, including the SDN-POA located in the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the brain and the Onuf's nucleus in the spinal cord, to create the masculinized patterns.

Chipmunks are distinguished from ground squirrels in that their faces have a stripe going across under the eye. There are no dimorphic differences between males and females. Their vocalizations are essential for defending their territories.

Giant squid are sexually size dimorphic, with the maximum weight for males estimated at (O'Shea, 2003a), though heavier specimens have occasionally been reported (see Deagle et al., 2005 for specimen and Hofilena, 2014 for specimen).

Rhobonda gaurisana is a moth in the family Choreutidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found from Brazil to Costa Rica.Choreutidae.lifedesks.org Adults are sexually dimorphic, differing in coloration of the hindwing.

Pages 23, 65. Species are often quite variable in color and patterning, and they are sexually dimorphic. Color intensity may fade with age. The wings are heavily veined, having often 18 or more antenodal veins.

A large butterfly with a wingspan of 80 to 110 millimetres. The females are dimorphic, either resembling the male or dark forms lacking the cream median and postdiscal bands contrasting with deep black ground colour.

Gorytvesica derelicta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is endemic to Ecuador (Loja Province). Adults are sexually dimorphic. The species is easily distinguished by the white, dark edged hindwings in females.

They are quite upright when standing. They are sexually dimorphic, with various shades of brown, rufous, olive, white, grey and black being the dominating colours. Most Conopophaga species have a white tuft behind the eye.

The Mongalla gazelle is a medium-sized sexually dimorphic antelope. The forehead is completely white. Each eye is surrounded by a white ring. The area between tear ducts and the mouth is buff to black.

Diploderma swinhonis is sexually dimorphic. Males have a brighter color than females, have a yellow stripe on each side of the body and are larger. The inside of the mouth is greyish-white or black.

Jewel spiders are sexually dimorphic. Females are about twice as large as males, reaching in total length. Their carapace (upper part of cephalothorax) is squarish, usually around long and wide. Males are usually only around .

32, No. 2 (May, 1983), pp. 268-269 for more information on this organ. and are either monomorphic or weakly dimorphic. The stipe is green, deeply grooved from above, and is either scaly or glabrous.

Thus, it has been observed that the most dimorphic species tend to polygyny and a social organization based on male dominance, whereas in the less dimorphic species, monogamy and family groups are more common. Fleagle et al. (1980) and Kay (1982), on the other hand, have suggested that the behavior of extinct species can be inferred on the basis of sexual dimorphism and, e.g. Plavcan and van Schaick (1992) think that sex differences in size among primate species reflect processes of an ecological and social nature.

The klipspringer is a small, sturdy antelope reaching at the shoulder. The head-and-body length is typically between . It weighs from . The klipspringer is sexually dimorphic; females are slightly larger and heavier than the males.

The maximum reported length of this species is (Klauber, 1972). It is sexually dimorphic, with the males typically being larger than the females. The head is remarkably small and narrow, while the eyes are proportionately large.

Hemiloricaria, Fonchiiichthys, and Leliella been variably considered synonyms of Rineloricaria; these genera were erected to account for differences in sexually dimorphic traits. However, the traits used to diagnose these genera have been thought to be insufficient.

The tree grows to be eight to ten meters tall. It is dimorphic. The sterile branches have longer spines, and the fertile branches have shorter spines or no spines. The alternate leaves are ovate and elliptic.

Adults are sexually dimorphic. Males are smaller and the dorsal abdomen is entirely crimson, while the last segment is white in females. Adults are on wing from July to September. The larvae feed on Asclepias species.

Eurypterus are sexually dimorphic. On the bottom side of the first two segments of the mesosoma are central appendages used for reproduction. In females, they are long and narrow. In the males they are very short.

This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have more prominent dorsal crests as well as larger femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones.

Systemic mycoses due to primary pathogens originate primarily in the lungs and may spread to many organ systems. Organisms that cause systemic mycoses are inherently virulent. In general, primary pathogens that cause systemic mycoses are dimorphic.

Sexes dimorphic. Adult males have an overall dull rufous-brown, a buffish-white collar distinct, bold whits spots on scapular area. White markings characterize the breast, flanks and abdomen. Scalloped pattern of feathers distinct on abdomen.

Because of similarities to their larger parrot relatives and their small size, Forpus birds are often called parrotlets. Forpus parrotlets are relatively small birds. Species range between long and typically weigh . Forpus species are sexually dimorphic.

Unlike most other carnivorans, bears have plantigrade feet. Drawing by Richard Owen, 1866. Bears are generally bulky and robust animals with short tails. They are sexually dimorphic with regard to size, with males typically being larger.

Dragonets are very sexually dimorphic, with the males being much larger and having longer fins than the females. This sexual dimorphism may have evolved in males in response to female mate choice, male-male competition, or both.

Cechenena transpacifica is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from the Philippines. This moth is similar to Cechenena chimaera, but the basal area of the forewing underside is reddish-ochre. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

Adults are sexually dimorphic. Males have white forewings with dark fuscous subbasal fascia. The hindwings have a dark fuscous subbasal fascia, a pale ochreous discal spot and a postmedian fascia. Females are darker and less strongly marked.

The mountain nyala is a large sexually dimorphic bovid. The head-and-body length is approximately in males and in females. The males are typically tall while females stand at the shoulder. Males weigh and females weigh .

The nape has a red hair-coat. The sexes are sexually dimorphic. The female covers the upper range of the wingspan and is usually larger than the male. The basic colour of the female is dark brown.

It is an ovoviviparous fish, in which the males bear the fertilised eggs inside a brood pouch located beneath its tail. During the breeding season they are sexually dimorphic which indicates that the species is probably polygamous.

Hemiepiphytic or terrestrial ferns. Rhizomes dorsiventral, the ventral meristele elongate in cross section. Phyllopodia absent. Leaves articulate at base or continuous with the rhizome, dimorphic as sporophylls and trophophylls, the sporophylls having longer petioles and smaller pinnae.

Skull of a Japanese macaque The Japanese macaque is sexually dimorphic. Males weigh on average , while females average .Fooden J, Aimi M. (2005) "Systematic review of Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata (Gray, 1870) ". Fieldiana: Zoology 104:1-200.

The shrub is dioecious and sexually dimorphic, with male and female flower types borne on separate individuals.Arusha Region. The management and ecology of Tanzanian forests This shrub is host to the mirid bug Volumnus chaetacme.Linnavuori, R. (1996).

Clutch size ranges from 106-576 mature oocytes per female, and clutch size is positively correlated with fish length. The crystal darter is sexually dimorphic and mature males possess longer soft dorsal and anal fins than females.

There are no spines over the eyes. Adults have an average snout-to-vent length (SVL) of . Adults are sexually dimorphic with females being larger than males. Males also have large hemipenal bulges while females do not.

The length of the forewings is 14–20 mm. Adults are sexually dimorphic. Females have reddish-pink hindwings, while those are white in males. Adults are on wing from April to October in several generations per year.

They are approximately tall and weigh . They are sexually dimorphic with the adult male having a bright golden-yellow forehead and underparts with a prominent black crescent breast band.Flegg, J. (2002). Photographic Field Guide: Birds of Australia.

Species of the genus Breviceps are sexually dimorphic: males are much smaller than females. This prevents normal amplexus; instead, males and females produce an adhesive secretion from the skin that allows them to "stick" together during mating.

The sexes are dimorphic. Females are brachypterous and show short hemielytrae, while males look like a typical mirid bug. In fact, they are fully winged (macropterous), with an elongated parallel-sided body. The nymphs are light red.

Males are nearly tall, and the shorter females ; the head-and-body length is typically between . Males weigh between ; females are lighter, weighing . The species is sexually dimorphic. The tail, that ends in a black tuft, measures .

The blue duiker reaches at the shoulder and weighs . Sexually dimorphic, the females are slightly larger than the males. The dark tail measures slightly above . It has short, spiky horns, around long and hidden in hair tufts.

The gametocytes always contain 1 – 5 prominent vacuoles. Macrogametocytes during active infection are longer than microgametocytes with a greater length-width product. Gametocytes in chronic infection are slightly smaller and are not sexually dimorphic in their dimensions.

The wingspan is 17–22 mm. Adults are sexually dimorphic, the females are plainer than the males. Adults are on wing from June to August in western Europe. The larvae feed inside the roots of Pulicaria dysenterica.

Rheocles species are robust bedotiids with little lateral body compression. R. vatosa and R. derhami are sexually dimorphic, with males exhibiting larger adult size, enhanced coloration and pigmentation, as well as pronounced development of the unpaired fins.

881–884 in Perrin, Würsig and Thewissen (2009). Several species have male-biased sexual dimorphism that correlates with the degree of polygyny in a species: highly polygynous species like elephant seals are extremely sexually dimorphic, while less polygynous species have males and females that are closer in size. In lobodontine seals, females are slightly larger than males. Males of sexually dimorphic species also tend to have secondary sex characteristics, such as the prominent proboscis of elephant seals, the inflatable red nasal membrane of hooded seals and the thick necks and manes of otariids.

The invasion exponent is generalised to dimorphic populations straightforwardly, as the expected growth rate S_{r_1, r_2}(m) of a rare mutant in the environment set by the two morphs r_1 and r_2. The slope of the local fitness landscape for a mutant close to r_1 or r_2 is now given by the selection gradients ::S_{r_1, r_2}'(r_1) and ::S_{r_1, r_2}'(r_2) In practise, it is often difficult to determine the dimorphic selection gradient and invasion exponent analytically, and one often has to resort to numerical computations.

After retirement, Drouhet continued in his involvement in the scientific community by serving as the Chief Editor for the Journal of Medical Mycology until he fell ill in 1999. Towards the end of his career, he was able to publish and share his identification of a new thermally dimorphic fungal species, Emmonsia pasteuriana, which was first cultured on a woman with HIV from Italy.Gori, S., Drouhet, E., Gueho, E., Huerre, M., Lofaro, A., Parenti, M., & Dupont, B. (1998). Cutaneous disseminated mycosis in a patient with AIDS due to a new dimorphic fungus.

Skull of referred specimen IGM 100/973 According to a 2014 study published in Nature, Khaan was possibly sexually dimorphic. Two specimens, the holotype MPC-D 100/1127 and referred specimen MPC-D 100/1002, were analyzed, the dimorphic feature being in the anterior chevrons. Both specimens were of the same size and build, and thus were likely the same age, ruling out ontogeny. In MPC-D 100/1127, the anterior chevrons showed great similarity to those of other theropods, with no great expansion on the distal end.

The most widely supported is that it allowed birds of different sexes to utilise different food sources. This divergence may have arisen because of a lack of competitors in these foraging niches in the North Island forest ecosystems. The other idea is that the ivory-coloured bill, which contrasted sharply with the bird's black plumage, may have been used to attract a mate. In animals that use sexually dimorphic physical traits to attract a mate, the dimorphic feature is often brightly coloured or contrasts with the rest of the body, as with the huia.

The causes of cellulite include changes in metabolism, physiology, diet and exercise habits, obesity, sex-specific dimorphic skin architecture, alteration of connective tissue structure, hormonal factors, genetic factors, the microcirculatory system, the extracellular matrix, and subtle inflammatory alterations.

Zalmoxidae are small Laniatores of dark brown to dark yellow color with varied darker mottling. Some small edaphic species are pale yellowish. Males of varies species bear sexually dimorphic and embellished armature, particularly in the fourth walking leg.

Axes of this plant are pseudomonopodial with axial trichomes or spines and nodal whorls of sterile leaves. Leaves are dimorphic and sometimes contain trichomes or spines. When mature, primary xylem is exarch and the secondary xylem lacks parenchyma.

Pomarea is a genus of birds in the monarch flycatcher family Monarchidae. The genus is restricted to the islands of Polynesia. The monarchs of this genus are around 15–19 cm long and most have sexually dimorphic plumage.

Asura crustata is a species of moth of the family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae. It is found on Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra.The Moths of Borneo The habitat consists of lowland forests, including heath forests. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

The species is sexually dimorphic. The male is decidedly larger than the female, especially regarding wingspan. The length of the body is 12-15mm. The fore-wings are shiny greenish-yellow and the hind-wings are ash-grey.

Sparganothoides probolosana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Sierra Madre Occidental of western Durango in Mexico. The length of the forewings is 10.9–12 mm. Adults are dimorphic in colour.

Sexes sexually dimorphic. In male, eyes naked and without lashes. Palpi slender, curved and extending backwards over vertex of head, where the third joint buried in very long hair from end of the second joint. Antennae almost simple.

Being a close non- pathogenic relative of the pathogenic dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii, which cause Coccidioidomycosis, it is used in genomic research to help develop human vaccination, which might alleviate the Valley fever silent epidemic.

Mexican woodnymphs breed in February and March. They are sexually dimorphic, and it is believed that male hummingbirds are sexually selected for based on their feather arrangement and coloring, resulting in a wide range of colors and looks.

The body averages in length. The bill is large and conical in shape, typical of most species in the family. The golden grosbeak is sexually dimorphic in plumage. Males are bright yellow with a black wing and back.

Pronotum has a pair of oblong central warts. Mesonotum has setal warts divided into row of setal bases; setal warts are absent on metanotum. No postcutellar line present. Dimorphic fore wings with modifications are present only on males.

Its ears, flight membranes, and back lacks fur. Its forearm length is . It is sexually dimorphic, with males larger than the females. Males are also a bright, yellowish-green in contrast to the drab brown fur of the females.

The tailfan is U-shaped. The first cheliped is smooth and distinctly longer than the other legs. The species is sexually dimorphic, with males having significantly larger chelae than females while females have broader abdomens. Coloration varies among populations.

The leaf scales are dimorphic and contain scattered oil cells, with a single oil body per cell. Riella is thus the only member of its order with oil cells, although other genera in the class Marchantiopsida commonly have them.

Adults are sexually dimorphic, with some degree of variation. Most females lack the antemedial diagonal black bar on the forewings which is found in the males. This is replaced by some thin striations. Adults have been recorded year round.

Kobus is a genus containing six species of African antelopes, all of which are associated with marshes, floodplains, or other grassy areas near water. They are sexually dimorphic, with females being smaller and lacking the horns of the males.

Antennae pectinate (comb like). Legs possess minute spurs. Sexes dimorphic, where female lack the ochreous patch on the hindwing. The caterpillar is a voracious leaf eater which feeds on Cinnamomum camphora, Mangifera, Erythrina, Albizia, Camellia, Crataegus and Pyracantha species.

They are strongly sexually dimorphic, with males having olive- green upperparts, a black head, and (uniquely for the family) distinct bright red facial skin.Simpson, K. (editor) & N. Day (illustrator) (1994). Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. 2nd edition.

Baeotus aeilus, the Amazon beauty, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in the upper Amazon areas of Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. The wingspan is about 75 mm.Parque Nacional Sangay Adults are sexually dimorphic.

Epipaschia superatalis, the dimorphic macalla moth, is a moth in the family Pyralidae. It is found in eastern North America. The wingspan is 17–25 mm. The forewings are greenish up to the postmedial line and reddish brown beyond.

The Jahnulales are an order of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes, subclass Pleosporomycetidae. They are ascomycetes that have stalked/stessile and dimorphic ascomata, hyphal stalk cells that are about 40 μm wide. It contains the families Aliquandostipitaceae, and Manglicolaceae.

Proconsul major had a typical primate dental formula of . The canines are sexually dimorphic. The inferior transverse torus is absent and the superior transverse torus is well-developed in Proconsul major. This species had an average body mass of around .

In: Gerlach, J., ed. Western Indian Ocean Tortoises: biodiversity. 2014. It had long legs and a long neck which supported a large head with powerful, strongly-serrated jaws. The species was sexually dimorphic, in that males were noticeably larger than females.

These large beetles are sexually dimorphic. The males are greenish-brown, while the females are very larger than males and have a more evident green reflection. They are commonly nocturnal and borers whose larvae feed on rotting wood or roots.

Females can range to 15% larger with greater dimorphism by weight, which is more pronouncedly dimorphic than by linear dimensions. Total length can range from in fully-grown steppe eagles.Oberprieler, U., & Cillié, B. (2009). The raptor guide of Southern Africa.

The flycatchers in the genus Ficedula are typically small with slender bodies and rounded heads. In many cases they are sexually dimorphic in their plumage, with the males being brightly or strikingly coloured and the females being duller or drabber.

The hooded robin (Melanodryas cucullata) is a small passerine bird native to Australia. Like many brightly coloured robins of the Petroicidae, it is sexually dimorphic; the male bearing distinctive black and white plumage, while the female is a nondescript grey-brown.

The pelvic fin is sexually dimorphic. It is an uncommon species related to pipefishes and seahorses. It can be distinguished by the presence of the pelvic fins, the prominent spiny dorsal fin, and 27–35 star-shaped plates on the skin.

Ophryotrocha nauarchus is a species of polychaete worm, first found on deep sea whale fall and wood fall habitats in the north-east Pacific, off the southern Californian coast. The species is sexually dimorphic, males having appendages on their first chaetiger.

Pheidole purpurea is a dimorphic species of ant found in Mexico and Central America. The species shows considerable variance in physical characteristics based on location, though some variance exists even within small populations. Some populations display a metallic, purple sheen.

All the species in this family are sexually dimorphic in both plumage color and tail length. Juveniles of both sexes are colored like the female. These birds eat fruit or insects. The phainopepla is particularly dependent on desert mistletoe, Phoradendron californicum.

Unlike the eclectus parrot, rainbow lorikeets do not have any immediately discernible dimorphic traits. Males and females look identical, and surgical sexing by a vet or DNA analysis of a feather is used to determine the sex of an individual.

Its size and weight vary considerably: weights are normally in the range of . Exceptionally big males have been recorded to weigh as much as . The smallest females weigh about . It is sexually dimorphic with females typically 10–20% smaller than males.

C. decresii is a member of the genus Ctenophorus, which is a very diverse group of lizards found throughout Australia. The entire genus of lizards is sexually dimorphic. Neck and overall coloration distinguishes male lizards from female and juvenile lizards.

This so-called heteronomy, a sexually dimorphic host relationship, occurs in quite a few species.Williams, T. and A. Polaszek. (1996). A re-examination of host relations in the Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 57: 35-45.

Cotana serranotata is a moth of the family Eupterotidae. It is found in Australia,Australian Faunal Directory where it has been recorded from Queensland. The wingspan is about 50 mm for females and 30 mm for males. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

This catfish is sexually dimorphic. At a young age the sexes differ mainly in coloration; males are mottled, females are plain. Once sexual maturity is reached, however, males grow a large dorsal spine. Males can reach a 20 cm total length.

1169, No. 33, Apr. 10, 2006. and in 2008, a new catfish species, Chrysichthys praecox, was documented.Michael Hardman, Melanie L.J. Stiassny, "A sexually dimorphic species of Chrysichthys (Siluriformes: Claroteidae) from Lac Mai- Ndombe, Democratic Republic of the Congo", Ichthyol. Explor.

Fallow deer are highly dimorphic, polygynous breeders;Feldhamer, G. A., Farris-Renner, K. C., & Barker, C. M. (1988). Dama dama. Mammalian Species, 97(317), 1–8. .McElligot, A. G., Mattiangeli, V., Mattiello, S., Verga, M., Reynolds, C. A., & Hayden, T. (1998).

Besma quercivoraria, the oak besma, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found across southern Canada (from Newfoundland to British Columbia) and all of the United States except California. Adults are sexually dimorphic. The wingspan is 27–41 mm.

The oribi is a small, slender antelope; it reaches nearly at the shoulder and weighs . The head-and-body length is typically between . Sexually dimorphic, males are slightly smaller than females (except for O. o. ourebi, in which females are smaller).

Turnaround video of an adult male specimen at Naturalis Biodiversity Center The passenger pigeon was sexually dimorphic in size and coloration. It weighed between . The adult male was about in length. It had a bluish-gray head, nape, and hindneck.

The nacre is very iridescent and is blue or purple in color with a pinkish or copper tinge.Leptodea leptodon. The Nature Conservancy. The species is sexually dimorphic, with males having a pointed posterior end and females having a ruffled end.

Characteristics of the genus Brianaria include the small, convex apothecia that lack an excipulum; an ascus of the ‘Psora-type’; 0–1-septate ascospores, dimorphic paraphyses, and immersed pycnidia that contain bacilliform conidia. The photobiont is chlorococcoid, and non-micareoid.

Greya mitellae is a moth of the family Prodoxidae. It is found in moist coniferous or mixed coniferous forests in north-western Idaho and the Blue Mountains of south-eastern Washington. The wingspan is 10–15 mm. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

The ventral surface is white or a cream color. C. reticulatus grows to a total length (including tail) of . It is sexually dimorphic during breeding season. Males have a black collar around the neck, and yellow chest and throat markings.

Vanoyia tenuicornis is strongly sexually dimorphic. The male has a black thorax and black abdomen, and no yellow pattern except on the notopleural suture and postalar callus. Legs mostly black. The female has an extensively yellow mesopleuron, and a yellow scutellum.

As in some other species in the genus Elymnias, the common palmfly has a precostal cell in the hindwings and a tuft of androconial scales on the dorsal discal cell of the hindwings. Some populations of this butterfly species are sexually dimorphic: males and females do not look alike. In sexually dimorphic populations, males have black upperside forewings with small blue patches and mimic Euploea species, while the females mimic butterfly species of the genus Danaus. Race undularis at Kolkata, India Race undularis at Kolkata, India Race undularis (Subhimalayas and Southeast Asia) male upperside blackish brown.

The North American brontothere Megacerops, for example, evolved large sexually dimorphic paired horns above their noses. The sexually dimorphic horns suggest that brontotheres were highly gregarious (social) and males may have performed some sort of head-clashing behavior in competition for mates. Unlike rhinoceros, in which the horns are made of keratin, however, the horns of brontotheres are composed of bone (the frontal bone and nasal bone) and were placed side-to- side rather than front-to-back. Brontotheres probably became extinct because they could not adapt to drier conditions and tougher vegetation (such as grasses) that spread during the Oligocene.

Newer studies have focused on dimorphic magnetorheological fluids, which are conventional sphere-based fluids in which a fraction of the spheres, typically 2 to 8 wt%, are replaced with nanowires. These fluids exhibit a much lower sedimentation rate than conventional fluids, yet exhibit a similar range of loading as conventional commercial fluids, making them also useful in existing high-force applications such as damping. Moreover, they also exhibit an improvement in apparent yield stress of 10% across those amounts of particle substitution.“Dimorphic magnetorheological fluids: exploiting partial substitution of micro-spheres by micro-wires.” G.T. Ngatu, N.M. Wereley, J.O. Karli, R.C. Bell.

Full view of a prairie dog On average, these stout-bodied rodents will grow to be between long, including the short tail, and weigh between . Sexual dimorphism in body mass in the prairie dog varies 105 to 136% between the sexes. Among the species, black-tailed prairie dogs tend to be the least sexually dimorphic, and white-tailed prairie dogs tend to be the most sexually dimorphic. Sexual dimorphism peaks during weaning, when the females lose weight and the males start eating more, and is at its lowest when the females are pregnant, which is also when the males are tired from breeding.

Digit span ratio is a sexually dimorphic trait and male humans generally have lower ratios. This means their ring finger/fourth finger is usually longer than their index/second finger.Manning, J. T. (2002). Digit ratio: A pointer to fertility, behavior, and health.

Pedomicrobium are budding hyphal bacteria found in both terrestrial and aquatic environments (Sly et al., 1988a). The dimorphic mode of reproduction results in a non-motile form, which has the ability to adhere strongly to surfaces and form biofilm (Sly et al., 1988b).

The Peruvian plantcutter (Phytotoma raimondii) is an endangered species of bird in the family Cotingidae. As the other plantcutters, this species is sexually dimorphic and folivorous. It is endemic to scrub and woodland in north-western Peru, and is threatened by habitat loss.

As most trogons, it is strongly sexually dimorphic. In the male the head and upper breast are dark blue (appears blackish in poor light), and the back is green. The lower underparts are orange yellow. The wings are black, vermiculated with white.

The leopard is sexually dimorphic, males are larger and heavier than females. It is muscular, with relatively short limbs and a broad head. Males stand at the shoulder, while females are tall. The head-and-body length ranges between with a tail.

Furthermore, Homo habilis, living approximately 2.3 mya, is the most sexually dimorphic early hominid. Plavcan and van Schaik conclude their examination of this controversy by stating that, overall, sexual dimorphism in australopithecines is not indicative of any behavioral implications or mating systems.

Males have a small dewlap and a dorsal crest made up of 56 large dorsal spines, making the animal sexually dimorphic. This dorsal crest consists of white and black spines arranged in alternating groups of two or three of the same color.

Unpublished report to Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission; Tallahassee, Florida. S. p. hefneri is the smallest of the three marsh rabbit subspecies, the others being Sylvilagus palustris paludicola and Sylvilagus palustris palustris. These rabbits do not appear to be sexually dimorphic.

The Stresemann's bushcrow is about long and weighs . The genders look similar and are not sexually dimorphic. Overall it is pale grey with a black tail and wings. The head, mantle, scapulars, back, rump, and uppertail coverts are all a pale grey.

Variation in offspring sex ratio of a long‐lived sexually dimorphic raptor, the Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca. Ibis, 156(2), 395-403. In terms of body mass, one survey found five males to weigh from and five females to weigh from .

The addax is a spiral-horned antelope. Male addaxes stand from at the shoulder, with females at . They are sexually dimorphic, as the females are smaller than the males. The head and body length in both sexes is , with a long tail.

Adults are sexually dimorphic. The forewings of the males are fuscous, but the base of the paler scales is grayish white. Females have darker and more evenly dark brown or black forewings than males. The hindwings are fuscous and also darker in females.

The sexes are dimorphic, with females reaching lengths of up to and , while males are significantly larger at up to and .Jefferson, T.A., Webber. M.A., and Pitman, R.L. (2015). Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification (2nd edition).

The species is sexually dimorphic with the male being a bright turquoise-blue with a large deep wine-red throat and black to the wings, tail and back. The female is overall dull brownish-gray with darker wings and faint mottling below.

The wingspan is about 34 mm for females and 38 mm for males. Adults are sexually dimorphic. Males are smaller and their wings are characterized by large areas of hyaline (glass- like) membrane lacking scales. Females are larger without the hyaline membranous areas.

Strong sexual dimorphism in plumage is not typical among parrots, with some notable exceptions, the most striking being the eclectus parrot. However it has been shown that some parrot species exhibit sexually dimorphic plumage in the ultraviolet spectrum, normally invisible to humans.

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus and one of the two species that cause paracoccidioidomycosis (the other being Paracoccidioides lutzii). The fungus has been affiliated with the family Ajellomycetaceae (division Ascomycota) although a sexual state or teleomorph has not yet been found.

Closeup of eyes of Teuthowenia megalops (ventral aspect). The three photophores of each eye are clearly visible as light golden-yellow areas. Teuthowenia megalops are moderately sized glass squid. They are sexually dimorphic, reaching mantle lengths between for females, and for males.

An early misconception was that the red- bellied black snake was sexually dimorphic, and that the eastern brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) was the female form. This was recognised as such by Australian zoologist Gerard Krefft in his 1869 work Snakes of Australia.

Male in Bosque Protector Jerusalem, Ecuador The vermilion flycatcher is a small bird, measuring from tip to tail, around from wingtip to body, with a mass between . Wingspan ranges from . It is strongly dimorphic. Males are bright red, with contrasting dark brown plumage.

Ventral scales are uniformly oval shaped. Dorsal scales are placed in an oblique arrangement. The king cobra is sexually dimorphic, with males being larger and paler in particular during the breeding season. Males captured in Kerala measured up to and weighed up to .

Wings are large, with wingspan 40 mm, up to 64 mm in the largest species, nearly always boldly patterned; abdomen patterned (often banded) with white or pale scales on segment 6 and 7 or on each segment. Many species are sexually dimorphic.

Alaska moose are sexually dimorphic with males being 40% heavier than females. Male Alaska moose can stand over at the shoulder, and weigh over . The antlers on average have a span of . Antler size and conformation are influenced by genetics, nutrition, and age.

The akikiki is small (13 cm length; 12-17 g mass), with gray plumage above and white below. It is not sexually dimorphic. Juveniles have large white eye rings; adults may retain a pale eyebrow for several years. Legs and bill are pink.

This species resembles O. puerilis in jaw morphology. O. eutrophila is dimorphic, with males being than females, while possessing K-type maxillae. Ophryotrocha eutrophila, however, differs from O. puerilis in the absence of eyes and the presence of a developed median pygidial stylus.

There are 7-8 dorsal rays, 9-10 anal rays, 11-12 pectoral rays, and 6 pelvic rays. During the breeding season males develop prickly contact organs on the anal fin. The Largest reported specimen was 65mm (2.6 in) long. They are sexually dimorphic.

The grey- chinned minivet is long and weighs . It is sexually dimorphic. The adult male has a dark grey head and mantle, a pale grey chin, an orange-yellow throat and blackish wings. The underparts, lower back and tips of the greater coverts are orange.

The emperor fairywren (Malurus cyanocephalus) is a species of bird in the Australasian wren family, Maluridae. It is found in New Guinea in its natural habitat of subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is the largest species of fairywren. It is highly sexually dimorphic.

Breeding males and females are slightly sexually dimorphic in color. The males become darker and have purple opercula (hard, bony flap that protects the gills). The color in females is plainer with spotted opercula. Its size is dependent on how old the fish is.

They also are flagellated and swim, they use their flagella and lists to wrap around another gamete cell for conjugation. Although the gametes are part of a dimorphic sexual cycle, sex cysts do not play an active role in the seeding of Dinophysis populations.

M. capito is a shiny, black beetle with a thorax cover that can have a greenish appearance. The beetle has horizontal linear groves running the length of its wing covers. They are sexually dimorphic in that the males are significantly larger than the females.

The African leopard is sexually dimorphic; males are larger and heavier than females. Between 1996 and 2000, 11 adult leopards were radio- collared on Namibian farmlands. Males weighed only, and females . The heaviest known leopard weighed about , and was recorded in South West Africa.

Acronymolpus is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. They are endemic to New Caledonia. There are two species placed in the genus, both of which are sexually dimorphic; the females are large and reddish, and the males are small and black.

Scolytoplatypus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Curculionidae. The genus contains about 47 to 50 species worldwide. In Asia, 29 species known, 11 or 12 are known in African continent and 7 species in Madagascar. Males and females are strongly dimorphic.

Brownsey, P.J.; Lovis, J.D. 1990: Pellaea calidirupium - a new fern species from New Zealand. New Zealand journal of botany, 28(3): 197-205. The fronds may be up to 50 cm long. They are sexually dimorphic with shorter sterile fronds with up to 12 pinnae.

The true koels, Eudynamys, are a genus of cuckoos from Asia, Australia and the Pacific. They are large sexually dimorphic cuckoos that eat fruits and insects and have loud distinctive calls. They are brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other species.

As the fungus is thermally dimorphic, these microconidia are transformed into yeast. They grow and multiply inside the phagosome. The macrophages travel in lymphatic circulation and can spread the disease to different organs. Within the phagosome, the fungus has an absolute requirement for thiamine.

The foliage is dimorphic. According to a recent description "short shoots bear broadly cordate or reniform, palmately veined leaves with crenate margins; long shoots bear elliptic to broadly ovate leaves with entire or finely serrate margins."Peter K. Endress. 1993. "Cercidiphyllaceae" pages 250-252.

Barking Frog, Tamaulipas (Craugastor augusti), juvenile, Municipality of Gómez Farías, Tamaulipas, Mexico (9 August 2004). Adult Craugastor augusti measure . They have a characteristic fold of skin across the back of the head as well as well-developed tubercles on their feet. Colouration is sexually dimorphic.

Ceratogymna is a genus of large, primarily frugivorous hornbills (family Bucerotidae) found in the humid forests of Central and West Africa. They are sexually dimorphic: males are all black, while females have brown heads and a smaller casque.Kemp, A. C. (2001). Family Bucerotidae (Hornbills).

The gametocytes are spherical or ovoid averaging 6.7 × 5.0 micrometres (range: 4.5 – 9.0 × 3.0 – 7.0) in size with a length-width product of 33.7 (range: 15 – 54) and a length/width ratio of 1.4 (range: 1.0 – 2.3). By dimension they are not sexual dimorphic.

Oregonia bifurca are relatively small crabs. Like other members of Majoidea, they are sexually dimorphic. Adult males grow to an approximate carapace length of with a carapace width of about . Adult females grow to an approximate carapace length of with a carapace width of about .

Trimeresurus trigonocephalus is a sexually dimorphic, mid- sized, cylindrical species. These snakes measure at birth, and males grow to a maximum total length of . The neck is distinct from the flattened, triangular head. There is a loreal pit on each side of the head.

Garras are not or barely noticeably sexually dimorphic and generally cryptically coloured benthic freshwater fish. Five species in the genus (G. dunsirei, G. lorestanensis, G. tashanensis, G. typhlops and some populations of G. barreimiae) are cave-adapted, lacking pigmentation and/or eyes.Romero, A., editor (2001).

Dismorphia laja is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in northern South America. Adults are sexually dimorphic. Males are black with cream bands and mimic Heliconius wallacei, while females are orange, yellow and black, and mimic species of the "tiger-complex" Ithomiines.

They are sexually dimorphic. The main difference between sexes is that males have a bright purple throat. Esmeraldas woodstars are found only on the Pacific coast of west Ecuador in semi-deciduous to evergreen forests. They feed on the nectar of flowering shrubs and trees.

The ectotympanic tube was well-developed. This species lacked a tail and the canines of this species were sexually dimorphic. The skull lacks supraorbital tori and can be considered somewhat prognathous. This species has a cranial capacity of and an encephalization quotient of 1.5.

Dysschema perplexum is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by William Schaus in 1910. It is found in Panama and Costa Rica. It is a highly dimorphic species. Males are semitransluscent white with transverse fasciae and veins heavily marked with dark grey.

The top of the head bears three simple eyes (ocelli), which may measure light intensity, and a tiny pair of antennae that serve no olfactory function but may measure air speed. Many species are sexually dimorphic; the males are often brightly coloured and distinctive, while the females are plainer, cryptically coloured, and harder to identify to species. For example, in Coenagrion, the Eurasian bluets, the males are bright blue with black markings, while the females are usually predominantly green or brown with black. A few dimorphic species show female-limited polymorphism, the females being in two forms, one form distinct and the other with the patterning as in males.

The sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) of the anterior hypothalamus shows sex-differences (between males and females) in structure in a number of mammals (e.g., sheep/rams, mice, rats). There is also evidence that the SDN-POA, or nearby regions, help mediate sex-dimorphic mating behavior, including in sheep/rams—an imperfect but reasonable animal model for human sexual orientation. A potentially homologous site in humans—the third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH-3)—also shows sex differences, and differs in size and cell number between heterosexual and homosexual men, a finding that has been replicated in subsequent research.

Gender, Nature and Nurture. NJ: LEA, p 3-4. It has been suggested that more useful distinctions to make would be whether a behavioral difference between the sexes is first due to an evolved adaptation, then, if so, whether the adaptation is sexually dimorphic (different) or sexually monomorphic (the same in both sexes). The term sex difference could then be re-defined as between-sex differences that are manifestations of a sexually dimorphic adaptation (which is how many scientists use the term), while the term gender difference could be re-defined as due to differential socialization between the sexes of a monomorphic adaptation or byproduct.

The mountain trogon measures in length. It weighs between , with a mean of . Like all trogons, it is sexually dimorphic. The adult male is green on the crown, nape and upperparts; the upper side of its tail is bluish-green, with black tips to the rectrices.

Adults are sexually dimorphic, with males being paler than females. Full-grown larvae reach a length of 12–16 mm. 1985: A systematic study of the Nymphulinae and the Musotiminae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Scientific Reports of the Kyoto Prefectural University Agriculture, Kyoto 37: 1–162.

The rose robin (Petroica rosea) is a small passerine bird native to Australia. Like many brightly coloured robins of the Petroicidae, it is sexually dimorphic. The male has a distinctive pink breast. Its upperparts are dark grey with white frons, and its tail black with white tips.

The fiery minivet is long. It is sexually dimorphic. The male has a glossy black head and mantle and an orange-red back. The wings are mostly glossy black, with orange-red edges to the secondary coverts and an orange-red patch on the flight feathers.

The Chuuk monarch is a large monarch flycatcher, around 20 cm long. The plumage of this species is sexually dimorphic, with the male having almost entirely white plumage with a black face and throat and the female having entirely black plumage. The large bill is pale blue.

Rhizomes enable the plant to absorb more nutrients from the soil. This enables the species to grow in relatively dry environments. Stems of Berberis canadensis are hairless, not extensively branched, and range in color from green, purple, red, to brown. Stems also grow in a dimorphic fashion.

Ferret profile Ferrets have a typical mustelid body- shape, being long and slender. Their average length is about including a tail. Their pelage has various colorations including brown, black, white or mixed. They weigh between and are sexually dimorphic as the males are substantially larger than females.

The external colour of the petals is greenish; the internal colour is red and they have a straight style. The buds are long and straight with a dilated base and an acute apex. The stamens are dimorphic. The anthers are red and 7–8 mm in length.

The inner margin of the hindwing has small red and blue spots. The ventral forewing margin has a yellow bar that is broken into spots. This broken bar is present in both sexes, and is used to distinguish P. glaucus from its close relatives. Females are dimorphic.

In captivity, the instar may attach the cocoon to a glass container wall allowing the opportunity to view the transformation. Male and female are dimorphic. The female has a shiny surface texture, reflective prismatic coloration, and no horns. The male has horns and flat, velvety coloration.

Even its sperm are quite functional in low-oxygen conditions. These behaviors are not uniform for all males of the species. The male is dimorphic; the literature refers to Type I males and Type II males. The Type I male provides paternal care to the brood.

Larvae of this genus are often dimorphic obligate carnivores. The second and third instars are predators, and the first is also carnivorous in some species. Some species have cannibalistic final instars. The smallest larvae are under 6 mm and the largest are up to 16 mm.

They are strongly sexually dimorphic, and parts of the females' plumage are brown or grey. These largely solitary birds feed on fruits, berries, insects and small vertebrates (such as frogs). Even with their famous bright plumage, they can be hard to see in their natural wooded habitats.

The RP3V is composed of the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (APVN) and the preoptic periventricular nucleus, where KNDy neurons are sexually dimorphic. KNDy populations and sexual dimorphism appear in most species studied, including humans, but presence in the RP3V is primarily associated with rodents, with similar sexual dimorphism.

Like other members of the clade Neogastropoda, Voluta ebraea is dioecious, which means each individual organism belonging to this species is distinctly male or female. It is also sexually dimorphic, which means there is a difference in form between individuals of different sex within this species.

H. dahli can grow to lengths of about . Individuals usually have relatively smooth bodies, with low, reduced spines and a low coronet. This species displays sexually dimorphic colour patterns. Females are mostly pale brown to black, often with black scribble marks forming lined, zebra-like patterns.

The organism can be differentiated from other common mold infections based on the fact that it takes on a mold form both in the environment and in the host (unlike Candida albicans which is a dimorphic mold in the environment and a yeast in the body).

Couto A, Alenius M, Dickson BJ.; Curr Biol. 2005 Sep 6;15(17):1535-47. DA1 is one of the three glomeruli that is bigger in males than in females. Moreover, the projection neurons that connect to DA1 have sexually dimorphic arborizations in the higher brain centers (esp.

As most trogons, it is strongly sexually dimorphic. In the male the head and upper breast are dark blue (appears blackish in poor light), and the back is green, becoming bluer on the rump. The lower underparts are orange-yellow. The wings are black, vermiculated with white.

Plants are monoecious (rarely dioecious). In monoecious plants flowers are dimorphic or pistillate. Flowers consist of (4–) 5 perianth segments connate. basally or close to the middle, usually membranous margined and with a roundish to keeled back; almost always 5 stamens, and one ovary with 2 stigmas.

Hwp1 is a fungal adhesin belonging to the opportunistic dimorphic fungus Candida albicans. Hwp1 is unique among fungal adhesins discovered to date in that it is a mammalian transglutaminase substrate. The host enzyme allows C. albicans to form covalent bonds to the host tissue via Hwp1.

The plant body is a gametophyte. It consists of a main axis (differentiated into nodes and internodes), dimorphic branches (long branch of unlimited growth and short branches of limited growth), rhizoids (multicellular with oblique septa) and stipulodes (needle shaped structures at the base of secondary laterals).

Tornos scolopacinaria, the dimorphic gray, is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Tornos scolopacinaria is 6486. The male's wings are grayish-brown with a dark round discal spot on the fore wing.

As Schoenbergia chimaera, male in Robert Henry Fernando Rippon's Icones Ornithopterorum (1898 to 1906) :For terms see External morphology of Lepidoptera. Ornithoptera chimaera is sexually dimorphic. The wingspan is 80–180 mm in females and 70–150 mm in males. Male: The forewings are ground colour black.

Paracoccidioides lutzii is a dimorphic fungus that is one of the causal agents of paracoccidioidomycosis, together with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Unlike P. brasiliensis, which is found throughout Central and South America, P. lutzii is found only in Brazil and Ecuador. It is less virulent than P. brasiliensis.

These birds are sexually dimorphic. The male of the species has an orange breast patch and yellow cheeks, while the female has a pale blue breast patch and greenish-yellow cheeks. The juveniles of the species all resemble females until adult plumage begins to grow in.

Martial Eagle near Okaukuejo in Etosha National Park. Martial eagles are highly sexually dimorphic. While females average about 10% larger in linear dimension, in body mass, the sexual dimorphism of martial eagles is more pronounced. Males reportedly can weigh from , with seven males averaging and five averaging .

D. flavilinea measures 7-8 mm in length. They are sexually dimorphic - males are much darker than the more orange females, and the front and rear margins of the pronotum are narrowly pale. The cuneus is variable and the sides of the scutellum paler in both sexes.

Like all amphipods, P. walkeri are sexually dimorphic: the males may grow up to ; females, . Newborns are approximately . Males mature after 14–15 months, at about 50% their final size. Juvenile P. walkeri are more sensitive to hydrocarbons, such as from oil spills, than older specimens.

These woodrats are good climbers and have sharp claws. They use their long tails for balance while climbing and jumping, and for added warmth. These rodents are sexually dimorphic, with the average male about 50% larger than the average female. Adult length: , half of which is tail.

Vanessa dimorphica (northern short-tailed admiral or dimorphic admiral) is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Africa. Wingspan is 45–45 mm in males and 42–48 mm in females. Has two or three flight periods with peak between April and May.

Bearded reedling, Texel Netherlands (2009) The bearded reedling (Panurus biarmicus) is a small, sexually dimorphic reed-bed passerine bird. It is frequently known as the bearded tit, due to some similarities to the long- tailed tit, or the bearded parrotbill. It is the only species in the family Panuridae.

The shell is shaped like a letter "U". Its arms have around 60 to 70 suckers each, and these suckers aren't sexually dimorphic. A web covers about 2/3 of its arms. It has a robust shell, with a thick basal portion, and strong attachments from their fins.

Adults are sexually dimorphic. Females mostly have uniform orangish-yellow to dark brown forewings, while those of the males are orangish brown to dark grayish brown. The hindwings range from whitish to gray. Adults have been recorded on wing year round in the southern part of the range.

They are among the most sexually dimorphic groups of birds. In only the floricans is the sexual dimorphism reverse, with the adult female being slightly larger and heavier than the male. The wings have 10 primaries and 16–24 secondary feathers. There are 18–20 feathers in the tail.

In addition to the breeding male's changes, other sexual dimorphic characters include slightly larger paired, anal, and dorsal fins in the female, and faster growth rate and larger size in the male. For example, a typical four-year-old male is about 18 cm and female about 13 cm.

As with the other rock thrushes, the littoral rock thrush is sexually dimorphic; the male has much more colorful plumage than the female does. He is pale gray on the head, breast, mantle and wing coverts, with dull orange underparts, gray-brown wings and a dark brown tail.

The primary feathers were mostly green, but with yellow edges on the outer primaries. Thighs were green towards the top and yellow towards the feet. Male and female adults were identical in plumage, however males were slightly larger than females (sexually dimorphic). The legs and feet were light brown.

The mean length for adults is . Northern studfish are sexually dimorphic. Males have horizontal rows of bright orange spots on light blue background and a bright orange tail margin followed by a nearly black band during breeding season. Females are more cryptic colored in shades of beige and olive.

Koalas from Victoria are twice as heavy as those from Queensland. The species is sexually dimorphic, with males 50% larger than females. Males are further distinguished from females by their more curved noses and the presence of chest glands, which are visible as hairless patches.Martin and Handasyde, p. 55.

The sex-difference in the variability of intelligence has been discussed since at least Charles Darwin. Sex-differences in variability are present in many abilities and traits — including physical, psychological and genetic ones. It is not only found in humans but in other sexually dimorphic species as well.

Ercheia multilinea is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Sundaland, the Philippines, Sulawesi and Seram. The species is infrequent in forest from the lowlands to 1790m, but is perhaps more often encountered above 1000m. The species is sexually dimorphic, both sexes being distinctive.

Noosia is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The genus is monotypic, containing the single anamorphic species Noosia banksiae. The fungus is associated with brown leaf spots on the wallum banksia (Banksia aemula), an Australian shrub of the family Proteaceae. The conidia of the fungus are dimorphic.

Ornate cowfish are sexually dimorphic; males have yellow or blue lines and spots, while females are plain with orange-brown stripes. These fish are rarely kept as pets by aquarium hobbyists, as stress can cause them to release ostracitoxin from their skin, easily killing other fish in a tank.

Females tend to be relatively dull in color, exhibiting less brilliant blue if any. This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have more prominent dorsal crests, "horns" and femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones.

Cataclysta lemnata, the small china-mark, is a moth species of the family Crambidae. It is found in Europe (including Great Britain and Ireland), Morocco and Iran. Adults of the species are sexually dimorphic. The wingspan is 18–19 mm for males and 22–24 mm for females.

All cephalopods are sexually dimorphic and reproduce by laying eggs. Most cephalopods have semi-internal fertilization, in which the male places his gametes inside the female's mantle cavity or pallial cavity to fertilize the ova found in the female's single ovary.Cephalopods. The Living World of Molluscs. Robert Nordsieck.

Most species of Neriidae are slender, long-legged flies. Many exhibit striped patterns that appear to provide camouflage against tree bark. Many neriids are sexually dimorphic, with males having more elongated bodies, heads, antennae, and legs than females. In some species, the male fore-tibia is greatly thickened distally.

The dark coastal form of Madagascar, Aldabra, Comoro Islands, Seychelles and parts of East Africa (southern Kenya to Tanzania) was earlier treated as a subspecies (the mainland African form has sometimes been considered as schistacea) but is now raised to full species as the dimorphic egret (Egretta dimorpha).

Macrotera portalis is a small (~7 mm), dark bee species. Like most andrenids, it has small depressions between the eyes and the antennal bases called facial foveae. In M. portalis, males are dimorphic, meaning that they have two distinct size classes. Macrotera portalis is closely related to Macrotera texana.

It is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and antlers are present only on males. The upper parts are golden to rufous, completely covered in white spots. The abdomen, rump, throat, insides of legs, ears, and tail are all white. The antlers, three-pronged, are nearly long.

The adult beetle is 1.33-1.66 millimeters in length and 0.6-0.8 millimeters in width. Xylophilus luniger is sexually dimorphic; many male members of the genus Xylophilus have strangely modified antennae while females have unmodified straight antennae. In males of Xylophilus luniger, antennomeres 7-9 are highly modified.

The upperside hindwings are yellow and the underside is green, yellow towards the costa. The veins are black and there is a submarginal row of black spots. The head and thorax are brown and the abdomen is yellow. Female: typical of birdwing butterflies, Ornithoptera croesus is strongly sexually dimorphic.

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. The dimorphic Basidiomycota with yeast stages and the pleiomorphic rusts are examples of fungi with anamorphs, which are the asexual stages. Some Basidiomycota are only known as anamorphs. Many are yeasts, collectively called basidiomycetous yeasts to differentiate them from ascomycetous yeasts in the Ascomycota.

Males measure and females in snout–vent length. Unusually for the genus Cardioglossa, the third finger in males is not elongated. It is nevertheless sexually dimorphic in that males have spines in the fingers whereas females do not. The tympanum is small and inconspicuous, another unusual character within Cardioglossa.

The casquehead lizards are moderately sized lizards, with laterally compressed bodies, and typically have well-developed head crests in the shape of a casque helmet. This crest is a sexually dimorphic characteristic in males of Basiliscus, but is present in both sexes of Corytophanes and Laemanctus.Pough et al. (2003).

Andesiana lamellata is a moth of the Andesianidae family. It is known from Argentina (Neuquen and Rio Negro) and Chile (Malleco and Valdivia). The length of the forewings is for males and for females. Adults are sexually dimorphic, with females being up to 1/3 larger than males.

Elachista amamii is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan Japanese Moths and in Taiwan.TaiBNET - Catalogue of Life of Taiwan The length of the forewings is 2.4–3 mm for males and 2.5–3 mm for females. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

Stefania evansi is one of the largest members of the genus: males grow to up to in snout–vent length and females to . Stefania evansi is dimorphic with respect to colouration: one morph is plain, and the other one is striped. A single brood can contain both morphs.

Prismosticta hyalinata is a moth in the family Endromidae first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1885. It is found in the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang, Fujian and Yunnan and the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. The wingspan is 27–30 mm. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

A smallish to medium-sized but quite bulky fish eagle. Has a small bill, a small head on long neck, rounded tail and shortish legs with unfeathered tarsi and long talons. Wings aren't very long and wingtips reach less than halfway down tail. Males and females are sexually dimorphic.

This mussel is not sexually dimorphic; the sexes appear the same. The shell is somewhat rounded or oval, up to 11.2 centimeters long by 6 wide by 8.7 high. The shell is brown or black, lustrous and iridescent. The nacre is part pink and part white or bluish.

Adults hunt in spring and summer, but only at night or during light rains. Spadefoot tadpoles are dimorphic. Within a cohort, some tadpoles have large mouthparts, while others have much smaller mouthparts. As well as consuming other types of food, large-mouthed individuals are cannibalistic, swallowing other tadpoles whole.

Individuals are long. They are sexually dimorphic, with males and not females possessing a slight groove across their heads before the base of the antennae. The pronotum (first segment of the thorax) has a longitudinal groove. The elytra (sheaths that cover the wings) have three pits at the bases.

Foliage of young Pyrostria revoluta Pyrostria revoluta is a shrub or small tree, at up to tall. The leaves are notably dimorphic – they grow in two distinctly different forms. Juvenile leaves are up to long, but only wide. Mature leaves are a similar length, but up to wide.

The short-legged japalure (Diploderma brevipes) is a species of lizard endemic to Taiwan. It is found in mountains at elevations of 1100 to 2200 m and inhabits forest edges. It has a 10-cm long body, and the total length reaches 25 cm. It is sexually dimorphic.

Adults are sexually dimorphic. Males are all black with a purple-blue iridescence. The female is smaller, with dull brown plumage that is sometimes paler on the underparts. Females of the species can be distinguished from the female brown-headed cowbird by their longer, finer bills and flatter heads.

The blue-black grosbeak is sexually dimorphic. Females have dark brown plumage which can have a slight reddish hue. Males are dark blue with lighter blue eyebrows and shoulder patches on their wings. The forehead, the area just above the beak, is also a lighter shade of blue.

Additionally, in plant species that lack dimorphic sex chromosomes, dosage compensation can occur when aberrant meiotic events or mutations result in either aneuploidy or polyploidy. Genes on the affected chromosome may be upregulated or down-regulated to compensate for the change in the normal number of chromosomes present.

The leafbirds range in size from , and in weight from . They resemble bulbuls, but whereas that group tends to be drab in colour, leafbirds are brightly plumaged, with the predominant green over the body giving rise to their common name. The family is mostly sexually dimorphic in their plumage, this can vary from the highly dimorphic orange- bellied leafbird to the Philippine leafbird, which exhibits no sexual dimorphism. Most of the differences between the sexes are in the extent of the other colours in the plumage, particularly in the colours around the head and the blue or black face mask, with females have less colour and a less extensive (or absent) mask.

Apoptosis also occurs in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), which is also a sexually dimorphic area and is located in the periventricular gray area at the rostral extreme of the third ventricle. In contrast with SDN-POA, AVPV has larger size in females than in males. It is proved that Bcl-2 level in AVPV is higher whereas Bax level is lower in females than in males, just as being opposite of those in MPNc. As indicated in these two cases, apoptotic cell death plays a critical role in the formation of sexually dimorphic nucleus, and the apoptotic cell number within SDN negatively correlates with the volume of SDN between different sexes.

Armactica conchidia, the conchidia moth, is a moth of the family Nolidae first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1886. It is found in Australia. The adult moths of this species are dimorphic. The females are fawn, and the forewings have a prominent dark brown patch on the inner margin.

Fur of senescent river otters may become white-tipped, and rare albinos may occur. The North American river otter is sexually dimorphic. Males are, on average, 5% larger than females. In Idaho, juvenile, yearling, and adult males averaged 8, 11, and 17% heavier, respectively, than females of the same age.

Uncommonly these stripes are totally absent. Striped house snakes are highly sexually dimorphic, females growing far larger than males, reaching lengths of around males generally smaller rarely exceeding . As with all members in the genus Boaedon these snakes are highly iridescent, having an oil-on-water sheen in certain lights.

Dasycercus blythi is a medium sized, sexually dimorphic carnivorous dasyurid. Female body mass is between 50 g and 90 g, with males weighing between 75 g and 120 g. Their body length is 12 to 17 cm, and tail length is 6 - 10 cm.Pavey, C., J. Cole, and J. Woinarski.

As Pompeoptera andromache in Robert Henry Fernando Rippon's Icones Ornithopterorum (1898 to 1906) :For terms see External morphology of Lepidoptera. The wingspan ranges from 150 to 180 mm (female), the hindwings are discreetly scalloped. The body is black with yellow marks on the ventral abdomen. Troides andromache is sexually dimorphic.

Small bodies up to about 41mm (Average 35mm) length. Very long hind legs (leg: body ratio = 3.17:1), antennae (4.5-5 x body length), and ovipositor (7-8 x body length). Head is vertical and mandibles are small. Sexual dimorphic antennae where males possess longer and stouter antennae than females.

Female It is a dimorphic species, with the male having a gray head and back, a black-collared throat, paired with a black band just below, across the upper whitish breast. It has gray legs, a medium length tail, and the stout bill for seed-eating. The female is less colorful.

Lodge et al. (2014), p. 4. Species in this section, which include Hygrocybe chloochlora, H. rosea, and H. trinitensis, have sticky or glutinous caps that often have perforations in the center. Their spores and basidia are dimorphic (of two sizes), and the development of the microbasidia and macrobasidia is often staggered.

Bematistes macarista is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia. The habitat consists of dense forests. Both sexes of this dimorphic species are mimicked by the parallel sexes of Pseudacraea eurytus.

The underside of the head, thorax and abdomen, including the legs, are pure white, so it is easily spotted when flying towards a light trap. Imagoes, adult moths, are sexually dimorphic. The wingspan is 34–37 mm for males and 31–34 mm for females. Males are nearly uniform dark brown.

Female Phasia hemiptera can reach a body length of . In these flies the thorax is usually dark brown, the middle of the very flattened abdomen is dark brown or black, while the sides are hairy orange-brown. The hind legs are generally reddish yellow. These flies are strongly sexually dimorphic.

Adults and juveniles are vermiform in shape. Adults are sexually dimorphic. The male has a poorly developed stylet, a knob-like head, and a sharp, curved spicule enclosed in a sac. The male is 500 to 600 µm in length, while the female is about 550 to 880 µm long.

While the three clades of Schizaeales are all well-distinguished from one another by numerous morphological characters, members of the order all have dimorphic fertile and sterile fronds and lack well-defined sori. Their sporangia have a horizontal annulus that lies below and completely encircles the top of the sporangium.

Males of this species, like other species within the Genus Cyclura are larger than females and have more prominent dorsal crests in addition to femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones; females lack these pores and have shorter crests than the males making the animals sexually dimorphic.

The wingspan is 25–30 mm. Adults are sexually dimorphic. In the males the wings are darker and more yellow ocher in colour, while in the females they are pale yellow. Both sexes show on the wings a purplish-grey border of even width (hence the Latin name Epione paralellaria).

The sex of the individual can be defined in different ways, giving rise to different conceptual frameworks about what determines sex. Sex differences generally refer to traits that are sexually dimorphic. A subset of such differences is hypothesized to be the product of the evolutionary process of sexual selection.Mealey, L. (2000).

Both species are communal, females have provision over one cell each day, and intranest mating is common. Macrotera portalis, however, has more females in each nest, and nests are often re-used for multiple years. Males of M. texana are not dimorphic, and nests are usually not reused for several generations.

When it was classified as a Penicillium, it was the only known thermally dimorphic species of that genus that caused a lethal systemic infection (talaromycosis), with fever and anaemia similar to disseminated cryptococcosis. This contrasted with related Penicillium species that are usually regarded as unimportant in terms of causing human disease.

The upper-side of the tail passes from green at the top to blue further down, and is yellow at the tip. The underside of the tail is yellow. Adults are sexually dimorphic. Adult males have a black stripe across their lower cheeks and a pink band on their nape.

Detail of Labroides bicolor Although the IUCN said both males and females are not dimorphic and have the same color pattern, other sources say the male is black with light color in the back of the body and the female is gray with black while the juvenile is yellow and black.

Its isidia are also laminal and cylindrical, being between 0.2 and 0.6mm high. Its medulla is white, while its underside possesses a rugose, veined and papillate margin. Its central surface is black and also papillate. Its rhizinae are dimorphic, measuring between long, being coloured black and with a frequent distribution.

The species is sexually dimorphic, with females larger than the males. The females reach a length of 80 to 85 millimeters and a weight of about five grams. The males are leaner and significantly smaller at 50 to 56 millimeters in length. The coloring of the females is fairly varied.

It is not sexually dimorphic. Some specimens have been observed to have white tips to their primaries. This feature has been hypothesized to be the result of aging or of wear and tear, and has been observed throughout the distribution of the species. It is known not to be sex-related.

The brown-headed jewel-babbler (Ptilorrhoa geislerorum), also known as the dimorphic jewel-babbler or brown-capped jewel-babbler, is a jewel-babbler in the family Psophodidae. It is now usually considered to be distinct from the blue jewel-babbler, separated altitudinally and by varying behaviour, calls and female plumage.

Unlike other members of the Corvidae family, the black-billed magpie is strongly dimorphic. Males are on average six to nine percent larger and sixteen to twenty-four percent heavier than females, at , a wingspan of , and tail lengths of . Females weigh between , have wingspans of , and tail lengths of .

A species of Nyctimene, the tube-nosed megachiropteran genus which feature prominent nostrils that splay out in opposite directions. The pelage of the species is gender dimorphic, males are notably darker and fawn coloured, females are predominantly buff-yellow lightened by a drab colour at the base of the hair.

Through sexing, biologists and agricultural workers determine the sex of livestock and other animals they work with. The specialized trade of chicken sexing has a particular importance in the poultry industry. The sex of mammals can often be determined using sexually dimorphic characteristics.Kunz, Thomas H., Chris Wemmer, and Virginia Hayssen.

Nishada rotundipennis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1862. It is found on Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia and in Myanmar and the north-eastern Himalayas. The habitat consists of forests. Adults are sexually dimorphic, with females being much paler and yellower than males.

Mountain gazelles are one of the few mammals in which both sexes have horns. Males have significantly larger horns with rings around them. Females will also have horns, but they will be thinner and shorter. Along with the horns, mountain gazelles are sexually dimorphic, meaning that males are larger than females.

The hoopoe starling was in length. Its plumage was primarily white and grey, with its back, wings and tail a darker brown and grey. It had a light, mobile crest, which curled forwards. The bird is thought to have been sexually dimorphic, with males larger and having more curved beaks.

Schizosaccharomyces) that reproduce by fission rather than budding, unlike most other yeasts, many of which are in the subdivision Saccharomycotina. The Taphrinomycetes are dimorphic plant parasites (e.g. Taphrina) with both a yeast state and a filamentous (hyphal) state in infected plants. They characteristically infect leaves, catkins, and branches, not roots.

The glossy black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami), is the smallest member of the subfamily Calyptorhynchinae found in eastern Australia. Adult glossy black cockatoos may reach in length. They are sexually dimorphic. Males are blackish brown, except for their prominent red tail bands; the females are dark brownish with some yellow spotting.

Menyanthaceae species are of economic importance as ornamental water garden plants, with Nymphoides being most commonly traded. The practice of growing non-native water plants has led to several species becoming naturalized or invasive. Dimorphic heterostyly occurs in all genera but Liparophyllum. In addition, four species of Nymphoides are dioecious.

They are sexually dimorphic with only the males having red on their chin or upper chest, except for the Loriculus (philippensis) camiguinensis in which neither the male or female has a red bib or chest. Juveniles have less red on their heads and paler beaks, but otherwise resemble the female.

Wrasses are sexually dimorphic. Many species are capable of changing sex. Juveniles are a mix of males and females (known as initial-phase individuals), but the largest adults become territory-holding (terminal-phase) males. The wrasses have become a primary study species in fish-feeding biomechanics due to their jaw structures.

The yellow-crowned bishop is in length and in weight. During the breeding season it is sexually dimorphic — that is, the observable characteristics of the males become more apparent. During the breeding season, the male has distinctive golden yellow and black plumage. The bill of both sexes is short and conical.

Achiasmy is the phenomenon where autosomal recombination is completely absent in one sex of a species. Achiasmatic chromosomal segregation is well documented in male Drosophila melanogaster. Heterochiasmy occurs when recombination rates differ between the sexes of a species. This sexual dimorphic pattern in recombination rate has been observed in many species.

The white-throated robin (Irania gutturalis), or irania, is a small, sexually dimorphic, migratory passerine bird.ITIS.gov The vernacular and genus name Irania alludes to Iran, its type locality, while the specific name gutturalis is Medieval Latin for "of the throat". It breeds in western Asia and overwinters in East Africa.

Clinotarsus alticola are sexually dimorphic: males are in snout–vent length and females . The advertisement call of males is a bird-like "chirp". In breeding sites, males greatly outnumber females and attempt to dislodge one another from the backs of females. Outside the breeding season adult Clinotarsus alticola are rarely encountered.

The ears of the Genoways's yellow bat are approximately long, while those of the black- winged little yellow bat are long. Genoways's yellow bat is also more sexually dimorphic than the black-winged little yellow bat, with females larger than the males.Roots, E. H., & Baker, R. J. (1998). Rhogeessa genowaysi.

The male and female of this species are quite different (sexually dimorphic). Both sexes are metallic green above with a white postocular spot and a forked blue-black tail. The male has a glittering violet forecrown, a glittering green throat, and glittering blue-green breast. The belly is metallic green.

The Zabulon skipper (Poanes zabulon) (sometimes called the southern dimorphic skipperJames A. Scott (1986). The Butterflies of North America. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. ) is a North American butterfly first described by the French naturalists Jean Baptiste Boisduval and John Eatton Le Conte from the state of Georgia, United States.

Planehead filefish are sexually dimorphic. In mature males, the second soft ray of the dorsal fin becomes greatly elongated and the scales on either side of the caudal peduncle develop into a patch of bristles. The elongated ray reaches between 104 and 128 mm. Females do not develop secondary sexual characteristics.

Male Guianan Cock-of-the-rock perched, showing a frontal view of the eccentric crests. The Guianan cock-of-the-rock is a stout-bodied bird with a prominent half-moon crest. It is a sexually dimorphic bird. The male's crest is more pronounced than the female's and is bright orange.

Immature iguanas lack these bright colors, being either solid brown or grey with faint slightly darker stripes. This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have more prominent dorsal crests as well as larger femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones.

Black marsh turtles are sexually dimorphic. Males have concave plastra in contrast to the flat plastron of females. The markings around the eyes and throat, present in all juveniles, disappear among males upon reaching adulthood while they are retained in females. The tails are also longer and thicker for males than for females.

Biology of sharks and their relatives. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Additional evidence for this use has been found in the form of scars and scratches on the dorsal sides of females. The significantly smaller body size of males, which is a sexually dimorphic characteristic, may be a contributing factor to this mating behavior.

Measuring 14 cm (5.5 in) in length, the azure-crested Flycatcher is sexually dimorphic. The male has light blue crown with slate-blue upperparts, and white underparts. The female in brown above with greyish tinged cheeks and bluish tinged crown. Unusually for the genus Myiagra the bill is bright orange instead of black.

Ulochlaena hirta is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Jacob Hübner in 1813. It is found in south-eastern Europe and the Mediterranean region, east through Turkey, Iran and the Kopet Dag mountains to the southern Ural. Adults are sexually dimorphic. Males have a wingspan of 21–35 mm.

As with most or all species of mantis, Phyllocrania paradoxa is sexually dimorphic, with females being larger than males. Females have six abdominal segments. Males are shorter, narrower, and have eight- segmented abdomens. At the 5th instar and above males are thinner than females and have smaller appendages (lateral of the abdomen).

The winter tick is sexually dimorphic, with adult females larger than the males. The adult female is mostly reddish-brown, but with a white dorsal shield behind the head. The smaller adult male is dark brown with some white markings. Female ticks become unusually large toward the end of winter, measuring up to .

M. indicus is among the most important members of zygomycetes fungi. This dimorphic fungus is capable of production of several valuable products. Some strains of the fungus have been isolated from the traditional Indonesian food tempeh. M. indicus is nowadays used for production of several homemade food and beverages especially in Asia.

Reptiles are almost all sexually dimorphic, and exhibit internal fertilization through the cloaca. Some reptiles lay eggs while others are ovoviviparous (animals that deliver live young). Reproductive organs are found within the cloaca of reptiles. Most male reptiles have copulatory organs, which are usually retracted or inverted and stored inside the body.

An Exuma Island iguana at San Diego Zoo This attains a total length of close to . Its coloration is dark-gray to black, with white or orange tinged scales on the head and snout depending upon which cay the iguana is from. This species is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females.

Sexually dimorphic pelvic claspers have been found in male and female Incisoscutum fossil specimens. In males (WAM 03.3.28) the completely ossified clasper is a slender rod attached to a square basal plate that articulates directly with the pelvic girdle. This contrasts to modern sharks where the clasper articulates with a basipterygial cartilage element.

They are a medium-sized anthias reaching a maximum of 5in/12 cm at adulthood. This species is sexually dimorphic, meaning the males and females have differing physical characteristics. Pseudanthias bimaculatus males are primarily red with jagged pink lines along the body. Males will have a red tail with clear to white tips.

Sexual characteristics are physical or behavioral traits of an organism (typically of a sexually dimorphic organism) which are indicative of its biological sex. These can include sex organs used for reproduction and secondary sex characteristics which distinguish the sexes of a species, but which are not directly part of the reproductive system.

The American water shrew is considered a species that is sexually dimorphic in which the males are in general bigger and heavier than the females. The size of the shrew is and weight is . Their tails range from . The shrew contains black and brown fur colors and changes depending on the season.

The early larval instars of some aposematic, day-flying looper moths are specific to cycads, and genus Encephalartos is one of their food plants. They include the leopard magpie (most Encephalartos spp., other cycads, etc.), Millar's tiger (cultivated E. villosus), dimorphic tiger (cycads under forest canopy), spotted tigerlet (E. villosus), inflamed tigerlet (E.

The females of this bee species tend to be consistently sized, with head widths around 6.4–7.4 mm. The males, however, are dimorphic. They come in two sizes predominantly, the larger majors and the smaller minors. The majors and minors differ greatly in size, with head widths ranging from 4.9 to 7.3 mm.

Thorax and abdomen covered with long densely placed hairs, varying in colour from tawny (typical form) to black (var. furvus Verrall). Typical form dimorphic (male abdomen brownish-haired, female abdomen with blackish hairs, last tergite with white hairs).Van Veen, M. (2004) Hoverflies of Northwest Europe: identification keys to the Syrphidae. 256pp.

Bearded seals are the largest northern phocid. They have been found to weigh as much as 300 kg with the females being the largest. However, male and female bearded seals are not very dimorphic. The only member of the genus Erignathus, the bearded seal is unique in that it is an intermediate.

A. harringtoni uses camouflage to blend into its surroundings. It can be identified by the orange linings of its gills and the orange or red lines running through its eyes. The species also has cirri above each eye. A. harringtoni is sexually dimorphic, with adult males reaching a maximum length of 10 centimeters.

It is found from the north-eastern Himalayas, the Andamans and Sundaland to the Solomon Islands. The habitat consists of dry, sandy heath forests and lower montane forests. Adults are highly variable, as well as sexually dimorphic. Both males and females have a distinctly oblique band between the antemedial and postmedial black zones.

Under traditional classification, the American kestrel is the smallest raptor in America.Wauer The American kestrel is sexually dimorphic, although there is some overlap in plumage coloration between the sexes. The bird ranges from in lengthDavis, Kate, Falcons of North America, 2008, Mountain Press Publishing Company, , Kindle Edition, Location 2232. with a wingspan of .

Hume, J. P. (2014). pp. 14–29. 1807 illustration by Jacques Barraband There has been confusion about which characteristics that were sexually dimorphic in the species. Only three specimens were sexed (all males), with age and individual variation not considered. The male is thought to have been largest with a longer, curvier beak.

In contrast to the lethality of Cyr61 (CCN1) and Ctgf (CCN2) genetic knockout in mice, Nov-null mice are viable and largely normal, exhibiting only modest and transient sexually dimorphic skeletal abnormalities. However, Nov-null mice show enhanced blood vessel neointimal thickening when challenged with vascular injury, indicating that NOV inhibits neoinitimal hyperplasia.

Psilocybe thaiduplicatocystidiata is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Strophariaceae. Found in Chiang Mai University Park (Chiang Mai Province, Thailand), where it grows on soil with rotting dung, it was described as new to science in 2012. The specific epithet thaiduplicatocystidiata refers to its dimorphic pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia, and to Thailand.

Celastrina lucia, the lucia azure, northern azure, eastern spring azure or northern spring azure, is a species of butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found eastern North America, ranging from the Maritimes south through the Appalachian Mountains to West Virginia.Bug Guide The wingspan is between 22–35 mm. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

The metal is a dimorphic allotrope of an hexagonal α form that changes into a body-centered cubic (lattice) β form at . The specific heat of the α form increases dramatically as it is heated to this transition temperature but then falls and remains fairly constant for the β form regardless of temperature.

Rhodoprasina callantha, the small olive hawkmoth, is a species of moth of the family Sphingidae. It is found from north-eastern India across south-western China and northern Thailand to northern Vietnam. The wingspan is 90–120 mm. It is a sexually dimorphic species, with females often being considerably larger than males.

The species is dimorphic, with two plumages. Roughly half the individuals are pied, with dark and white feathers, and the rest are dark all over. Both morphs breed together. These large, chunky birds are 68 cm (27 in) long and weigh 1.8–2.9 kg (4–6.4 lbs), slightly smaller than Otago shags.

Parque Nacional Sangay (Ecuador) Adults are sexually dimorphic. The upper surface of the male forewing is black and spotted with creamy white. The female forewing is white with a black apical area and a black streak across the discal cell. The larvae probably feed on Inga species, including Inga mortoniana and Inga densiflora.

The forewings have a white base color and dark or light brown spots. Adults are sexually dimorphic, with males having isolated darker patches on a solid background, while females have more extensive dark on the forewings. The hindwings are uniformly grey.TOLweb The larvae possibly feed on Osmorhiza chilensis and/or Tiarella trifoliata.

The birds are approximately in length with fairly long, slightly decurved black bills. They are sexually dimorphic. The male usually has an iridescent green throat, or bluish-purple in the Ecuadorian hillstar, with dull greenish upperparts and pale flanks. The central underparts are usually black, but are brown in the Andean hillstar.

In sexually dimorphic species, one sex may be more of a threat than the other, which could mimic the protected sex. Evidence for this possibility is provided by the behaviour of a monkey from Gabon, which regularly ate male moths of the genus Anaphe, but promptly stopped after it tasted a noxious female.

Cethosia biblis is medium-sized butterfly, with a wingspan reaching about . In this species the sexes are dimorphic. In males the dorsal sides of the wings are bright orange red, framed by a black outline with white spots. The undersides range from bright red to pale brown, interlaced by black and white.

Males are orange-reddish during the breeding season Lumpfish are sexually dimorphic with females reaching larger sizes than the males. Males typically reach in length while females can typically grow up to in length and in weight.Muus, B., J. G. Nielsen, P. Dahlstrom and B. Nystrom (1999). Sea Fish. pp. 180–181.

Dysschema boisduvalii is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Jan van der Hoeven in 1840. It is found in Paraguay, Colombia, Brazil and Argentina. Adults are sexually dimorphic. Males are white with four blackish dots on the forewings, while females are mostly blackish with the dots on the abdomen reduced.

Blue lyretails are sexually dimorphic. The males are more colourful than the females and have wavy lines of red spots which rul along its body. The outer margins of the dorsal, anal and caudal fins are tinted with yellow. The females are less brightly coloured and have brown spots rather than red.

The anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) is a small cluster of cells located in the preoptic area of hypothalamus of the brain that is abundant in nuclear hormone receptors in a sexually dimorphic manner, strongly implicated, in rat models, as being neonatally imprinted and subsequently controlling sex- typical physiology and behaviors. This nucleus or cluster of cells is typically of bigger size in females than males, contrary to the sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) that is bigger in males. In rats and mice, the AVPV plus the periventricular nucleus make up the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle (RP3V). This area is full of kisspeptin-expressing neurons and is involved in regulating GnRH neurons, and is responsible for the LH surge in female mice.

The eyes have a dark, almost black iris and red sclera. This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have larger femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones. Eggs from the genus Cyclura are some of the largest laid by any lizard.

What makes this iguana stand out from the other two subspecies is the scalation on its neck and head. This subspecies, like other members of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have more prominent dorsal crests as well as larger femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones.

Cagle's map turtle has intricate patterns on the carapace and plastron, as well as serrated edges on the posterior of the carapace, as is typical of all map turtles. It is smaller than most map turtles, and very sexually dimorphic, with males reaching only straight carapace length, while females can exceed in straight carapace length.

These individuals have the head markings but no other markings on top of an often pale-brown body. Like all house snakes, Boaedon capensis is very iridescent, their scales often shining with an oily sheen in certain lights. This is a sexually dimorphic species. Females grow substantially larger than males, sometimes reaching up to .

Video of Papilio xuthus in Tokyo, Japan The Asian swallowtail is a mid-sized, yellow, prominently-tailed butterfly. It has a wingspan of 45 to 55 mm. Its normal color pattern consists of a black pattern on a yellow background. Wing coloration is sexually dimorphic, with females showing broader proximal marginal bands in the hindwing.

In extreme cases, males have body sizes that are almost twice as large as those of females, as in some species including gorillas, orangutans, mandrills, hamadryas baboons, and proboscis monkeys.Dixson A, Dixson B, Anderson M. 2005. Sexual selection and the evolution of visually conspicuous sexually dimorphic traits in male monkeys, apes, and human beings.

It differs from U. reniformis by having 6-8 primordial leaves emerging from the seed during germination with a float and whorl of leaves. Utricularia cornigera also produces two distinct types of bladder traps that are dimorphic and it generally has larger leaves.Studnička, M. 2009. Brazilian bladderwort Utricularia reniformis is a blend of two species.

The foothill screech owl has a total length between , with a wing length of between . Its tail is typically around in length, and its beak is a bit more than . Its tarsus is . The plumage of the Roraiman screech owl is dimorphic: one morph is overall grayish-brown and the other is overall rufous.

Black- cheeked gnateater They are round, short-tailed, and long-legged birds, about 12–19 cm (5–7½ inches) in length, with Pittasoma being larger than Conopophaga. They are quite upright when standing. All species are sexually dimorphic, although the extent of this varies greatly. Most Conopophaga species have a white tuft behind the eye.

Upon locating females, the reception of female skin lipid pheromones by tongue-flicking males is necessary for males to continue courtship and mating. Turtle-headed sea snakes are sexually dimorphic: the females of this species grow larger than males, and the rugosity of the scales is also greatly increased in males compared to females.

To prevent water loss where they occur in drier regions, this species has more scales. Coiled terciopelo in Panama Specimens of this species may weigh up to and are often in length. Very big females can reach lengths up to , although this is uncommon. These are among the most sexually dimorphic of all snakes.

P. equorum is sexually dimorphic, the females are significantly larger than males. While males only grow up to 15–28 cm in length, the females can grow up to 50 cm in length. They are a white colored, cylindrical worm and have three very large lips. Mating occurs in the small intestine of the equid.

The dog conch exhibits behaviours common among the Strombidae, including burrowing and a characteristic leaping form of locomotion. The former behaviour, however, involves movement sequences unique to this species. L. canarium lives on muddy and sandy bottoms, grazing on algae and detritus. It is gonochoristic and sexually dimorphic, depending on internal fertilization for spawning.

Cephalopods, such as squid and octopuses, have prominent heads and a set of arms (tentacles) modified from the primitive foot of molluscs. All cephalopods are sexually dimorphic. However, they lack external sexual characteristics, so they use colour communication. A courting male approaches a likely looking mate flashing his brightest colours, often in rippling displays.

The average length of the female is . Despite being sexually dimorphic galliform by length, the male only weighs about 20% more than the female. The average weight is around .Biddle, Tami Davis, Pheasants, Partridges, and Grouse : A Guide to the Pheasants, Partridges, Quails, Grouse, Guineafowl, Buttonquails, and Sandgrouse of the World (Princeton Field Guides).

Nearly all mammals display sex-dimorphic reproductive and sexual behavior (e.g., lordosis and mounting in rodents). Much research has made it clear that prenatal and early postnatal androgens play a role in the differentiation of most mammalian brains. Experimental manipulation of androgen levels in utero or shortly after birth can alter adult reproductive behavior.

It has been introduced into the Black Sea. Saduria entomon is one of the largest crustaceans in the Baltic Sea. The largest ones are found in the depths of the Gulf of Bothnia, reaching a maximum length of nearly . S. entomon are sexually dimorphic, with males growing larger and maturing at larger sizes than females.

Female Like most other trogons, these birds are brightly coloured and sexually dimorphic. The male has a slaty black head and breast with a white border to the black bib separating it from the crimson on the underside. The back is olive-brown to chestnut. The wing coverts are black with fine white vermiculations.

P. glaucus has a wingspan measuring . The male is yellow with four black "tiger stripes" on each forewing. Females may be either yellow or black, making them dimorphic. The yellow morph is similar to the male, but with a conspicuous band of blue spots along the hindwing, while the dark morph is almost completely black.

Although often referred to as dimorphic, C. albicans is, in fact, polyphenic (often also referred to as pleomorphic). When cultured in standard yeast laboratory medium, C. albicans grows as ovoid "yeast" cells. However, mild environmental changes in temperature, CO2, nutrients and pH can result in a morphological shift to filamentous growth. See figure 2.

Elytra are reddish brown with a glazed appearance, while head and pronotum are slightly darker. The underside of the body and the legs are covered with long red hair. It is a sexually dimorphic species. The male's head is topped by a long curved horn (hence its common name), while the females have no horns.

Infection commonly occurs in otherwise healthy individuals but is rarely life-threatening and can be treated with antifungals. In the environment it is found growing as filamentous hyphae. In host tissue it is found as a yeast. The transition between the hyphal and yeast forms is temperature dependent making S. schenckii a thermally dimorphic fungus.

The young are completely independent at birth. Sand boas are sexually dimorphic. Fully developed female sand boas can have a length of 26 to 32 inches long, while fully developed male sand boas can have a length of 15 to 18 inches long. Another important characteristic to note about their reproduction is their weight.

Kangaroo Island dunnarts are dimorphic, with males larger than females. The Kangaroo Island dunnart is listed as Critically Endangered by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The population was believed to be less than 500 before the 2019–2020 Australian bushfires. Following the fires, it is believed that only about 50 individuals exist.

Although males are slightly larger than females, the beaded lizards are not sexually dimorphic. Both males and females are stocky with broad heads, although the males' tend to be broader. The beaded lizards' scales are small, beadlike, and not overlapping. Except for the underside, the majority of its scales are underlaid with bony osteoderms.

At the huttonite end-member, continuous rare-earth substitution of thorium of up to 20% by weight has been observed. Thorium substitution in monazite has been observed up to 27% by weight. Substitution of PO4 for SiO4 also occurs associated with the introduction of fluoride, hydroxide, and metal ions. Huttonite is dimorphic with thorite.

Fallow deer bucks fighting at Charlecote Park Since fallow deer are polygynous species that congregate once every year, males must fight to obtain access to estrous females.Bergeron, P., Festa-Bianchet, M., von Hardenberg, A., & Bassano, B. (2008). Heterogeneity in Male Horn Growth and Longevity in a Highly Sexually Dimorphic Ungulate. Oikos, 117(1), 77–82. . .

The bearded seal is unique in the subfamily Phocinae in having two pairs of teats, a feature it shares with monk seals. Bearded seals reach about in nose-to-tail length and from in weight.Erignathus barbatus. The Animal Diversity Web The female seal is larger than the male, meaning that they are sexually dimorphic.

The average length of the female is . Despite being sexually dimorphic galliform by length, the male only weighs about 20% more than the female. The average weight is around .Biddle, Tami Davis, Pheasants, Partridges, and Grouse : A Guide to the Pheasants, Partridges, Quails, Grouse, Guineafowl, Buttonquails, and Sandgrouse of the World (Princeton Field Guides).

The formation of zygospores by two mating gametangia. As previously mentioned, C. bertholletiae grow hyphally and reproduce asexually via branching sporangiophores. Unlike in the case of dimorphic pathogenic fungi, growth of C. bertholletiae is inhibited by cycloheximide. As a member of the Zygomycota, sexual reproduction in C. bertholletiae is through the formation of zygospores.

Female at Taronga Zoo, Australia It is sexually dimorphic. Males are superbly coloured with a fiery orange nape, green ears, and a purple crown. The breast is grey, and divided from the abdomen by a wide, dark blue band. Their wings are olive green covered with dark spots, and the tail is tipped with white.

The sickled shaped dorsal fin, along with the pectoral fin and anal fins are yellow. The male is larger than the female and his anal fins are longer. The male caudal is more pointed than the female. Emperor tetras are highly sexually dimorphic and thus males and females are quite easily distinguished from each other.

McCormick, M.I., Ryen, C.A., Munday, P.L., and Walker, S.P.W. 2010. Differing mechanisms underlie sexual size-dimorphism in two populations of a sex-changing fish. PLoS One, 5: e10616. Large size is a common adaptive behavioral trait that is inherited through sexual selection and reproduction, as demonstrated in Lamprologus callipterus and other sexually dimorphic species.

Fisher in winter coat Fishers are a medium-sized mammal, comparable in size to the domestic cat. Their bodies are long, thin, and low to the ground. The sexes have similar physical features, but they are sexually dimorphic in size, with the male being much larger than the female. Males are in length and weigh .

The alligator pipefish is an inefficient swimmer, moving by an undulating motion of its pectoral and dorsal fins. It feeds on zooplankton and small creatures which it sucks into its mouth. The diet includes amphipods, mysids, shrimps, other benthic invertebrates and small fish. The alligator pipefish is sexually dimorphic with males being larger than females.

The species is generally golden brown with a darker brown back. A dark midlateral band runs from the snout to the base of the caudal fin. Two to three rows of pigmented scales form discontinuous lines below the midlateral band. It is the only species in the genus Craterocephalus known to be sexually dimorphic.

The jaws The lower teeth The shortfin mako shark is a fairly large species of shark. Growth rates appear to be somewhat accelerated in comparison to other species in the lamnid family. An average adult specimen measures around in length and weighs from . The species is sexually dimorphic, with females typically larger than males.

The fingers and the toes are long, slender, and partially webbed, bearing large terminal discs (slightly smaller in the fingers than in the toes). Dorsal skin is smooth. Coloration is sexually dimorphic: females have reddish brown ground color, whereas that of males gray-brown to mauve. Both sexes have large, irregular blotches on the dorsum.

Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chapter 6. are explained as sexually dimorphic psychological adaptations that reflect the different reproductive strategies of males and females.Pinker 2002 Evolutionary psychologists contrast their approach to what they term the "standard social science model," according to which the mind is a general- purpose cognition device shaped almost entirely by culture.

It also ranks among the best-studied wild bird species in the world. The red-winged blackbird is sexually dimorphic; the male is all black with a red shoulder and yellow wing bar, while the female is a nondescript dark brown. Seeds and insects make up the bulk of the red-winged blackbird's diet.

The mountain pygmy possum is a small rodent-like marsupial. The mountain pygmy possum has an average weight of approximately 45 g and an average head and body length of 110 mm. The species is sexually dimorphic, with males being slightly larger than females. They have large, forward pointing eyes and short pointed snouts.

No evidence is known to be sexually dimorphic in both college and adult convenience samples. The Jealousy Specific Innate Model (JSIM) proved to not be innate, but may be sensitive to situational factors. As a result, it may only activate at stages. One study discovered serious relationships are reserved for older adults rather than undergraduates.

Their plumage provides excellent camouflage for rocky surfaces. They are sexually dimorphic. In flight, males have small white spots on the four outer primaries and their two outer tail feathers have white tips. Females have 3 to 4 smaller white spots on their outer primaries and do not have white on their outer tail feathers.

The plumage is white underneath and on the rump, with black ticking on the chest. The upper surface of the wings is dark grey. Sexually dimorphic, the female has a rufous mantle on her upper back and behind the head, whereas in the male these areas are grey. The tail is black, barred with white.

The yellow-crowned bishop (Euplectes afer) is a species of passerine bird in the family Ploceidae native to Africa south of the Sahara. It is highly sexually dimorphic in its breeding season, during which the male adopts a distinctive yellow and black plumage, contrasting with the female's predominantly brown coloration. Three subspecies are recognised.

Waterbird survey of Loza, North West of Madagascar. Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust Programme Madagascar. or egret species such as cattle egret and dimorphic egret. The nest lies 2-3m above the surface of the water in forks of Avicennia and Rhizophora trees and largely comprises twigs, some of which are still living with leaves attached.

The green-headed hillstar is a species of South American hummingbird ranging in length from 12–13 cm and weighing between 7.9-8.4 g. The green-headed hillstar is a sexually dimorphic species. The males are more brightly colored than females. Males have a bronzed-green posterior, including the forehead, crown, back, sides and rump.

Tropidolaemus subannulatus Tropidolaemus are sexually dimorphic. Females can attain total lengths of up to 1 metre (39⅜ inches), but males are typically only around . They have a distinctly broad, triangular-shaped head and a relatively thin body. They are found in a wide variety of colours and patterns, which are often referred to as "phases".

The thin tail, long, is white on the underside, ending in a white tuft. The species is sexually dimorphic, with females being larger than males. Only males possess horns, these being short, smooth, ventrally reflexed spikes measuring long. The soft coat is reddish to golden brown, in sharp contrast with the white ventral parts.

A pair at Wilhelma Zoo, Germany Lord Derby's parakeets are in length and are sexually dimorphic. They have a mostly green plumage over their dorsal surface (i.e. from behind), black lores and lower cheeks, a bluish-purple crown and pale yellow eyes. The throat, breast, abdomen and under-wing coverts are greyish blue to lavender.

The Réunion cuckooshrike is a small arboreal bird. The plumage is dimorphic between the sexes. The male is grey coloured with a darker back and lighter underside; the face is darker and has the impression of a mask. The female is quite different, being dark brown above and striped underneath with a white eye-line.

Phoreticovelia disparata live near tropical rivers. They are 1–2 mm in length. It is the only known species (aside from its sister species Phoreticovelia rotunda) where the female feeds the male a nuptial gift. They are sexually dimorphic; the female mating form has a special glandular area on the dorsal surface of the body.

New York: CABI Publishing. It is a sexually dimorphic species, with the females being much larger than the males. These large wētā have a broad body and a round head, along with short mandibles. Compared to other cricket species wētā have relatively short antennae, but can deliver a strong kick with their hind legs.

The legs are a paler brown than the elytra. Like other click beetles, the joint between thorax and abdomen forms a flexible hinge, and there is a central knob at the back of the thorax. The species is sexually dimorphic; males are smaller than females, and the side of the male's pronotum is less wavy than the female's.

Only recently has sexual variation in the shells of ammonites been recognized. The macroconch and microconch of one species were often previously mistaken for two closely related but different species occurring in the same rocks. However, because the dimorphic sizes are so consistently found together, they are more likely an example of sexual dimorphism within the same species.

The iris is pale yellowish. This species is dimorphic, meaning that males and females have distinguished looks from each other. The adult male has a golden head and breast, olive mantle (the wings, shoulder feathers and back) and red rump. They have a modestly sized bill, with green, grey blue, and yellowish-grey color all along it.

Close-up of a male Fiji banded iguana. Sexually dimorphic, males have two or three white or pale-blue bands wide crossing their emerald green background with a pattern of spots and stripes on the nuchal region. Females, on the other hand, are solid green with occasional spotting or partial bands. Both sexes have a yellow underside.

Completely dimorphic fronds or pinnae (hemidimorphic), green photosynthetic sterile fronds, and non-photosynthetic spore-bearing fertile pinnae, with large, naked sporangia. Because of the large mass of sporangia that ripen uniformly at the same time to a showy golden color, the ferns look as if they are in flower, and so this genus is sometimes called the "flowering ferns".

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon-like heads and necks and sturdy compact bodies. They range in size from in length and from in weight. The adults are sexually dimorphic with the males being slightly larger and more brightly colored than the females. They have eleven strong primary feathers and long pointed wings giving them a fast direct flight.

Adults are sexually dimorphic. There are two distinct forms. The most easily recognized bears exaggerated dark markings on the apical portion of the postmedial line that is contiguous with the subapical dash. The other form most resembles both Paectes asper, but in Paectes nana, the forewing costa is gray with small, faint, dark-gray quadrate spots along the margin.

Other distinctive characteristics include hairy tuberous roots, solitary spathes on long stalks that arise directly from the basal leaves before the development of elongated flowering shoots, dimorphic seeds, and unfused spathes lacking hairs which contain an upper cincinnus that barely emerges. The flowers have never been observed directly and are only partially known from bud dissections.

The pink robin (Petroica rodinogaster) is a small passerine bird native to southeastern Australia. Its natural habitats are cool temperate forests of far southeastern Australia. Like many brightly coloured robins of the family Petroicidae, it is sexually dimorphic. Measuring 13.5 cm (5.3 in) in length, the robin has a small, thin, black bill, and dark brown eyes and legs.

Female foraging for termites at the John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge Male at the Pinery Provincial Park The black-throated blue warbler measures in length and weighs . Wingspan ranges from 7.5-7.9 in (19-20 cm). This is a strongly sexually dimorphic bird. The adult male has white underparts with a black throat, face and flanks.

As with other species of Australo-Papuan babbler, Hall's babbler is usually observed in small groups. The species is sexually dimorphic and sexually monochromatic. Juveniles are only distinguishable from adults for only a short time after fledging juveniles, during this time they have a shorter all-black, shorter and less curved bill and conspicuous yellow rictal flange and palate.

The plumage of this species is not sexually dimorphic, and that of juveniles has not been described. They have a chestnut face with a grey crown and nape, and an incomplete white eye ring. The wings and tail are olive-brown and the flanks paler olive, tending towards buff-yellow on the breast. The subspecies Z. w.

Sitochroa chortalis, the dimorphic sitochroa moth, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1873. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Nova Scotia to southern British Columbia, south to New Jersey, Arizona and northern California. The habitat consists of grassland and prairie areas.

Antbirds are generally small birds with rounded wings and strong legs. They have mostly sombre grey, white, brown and rufous plumage, which is sexually dimorphic in pattern and colouring. Some species communicate warnings to rivals by exposing white feather patches on their backs or shoulders. Most have heavy bills, which in many species are hooked at the tip.

Both the species of eland are large spiral- horned antelopes. Though the giant eland broadly overlaps in size with the common eland, the former is somewhat larger on average than the latter. In fact, the giant eland is the largest species of antelope in the world. Eland are sexually dimorphic, as the females are smaller than males.

This gecko can grow up to between . A maximal length of is also given. Like almost all Gonatodes species it is sexually dimorphic. Male geckos are colourful and have yellowishGonatodes albogularis wildherps to orange-coloured heads and dark blue bodies, whereas the female geckos are more drab, having greyish white or light brown heads and bodies.

Acanthomyrmex is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus is known from South East Asia. Its species are dimorphic, with major workers in some genera having heads twice the length (and ten times the volume) than that of the minor workers. They live in small colonies and are rarely collected in the field.

The extent of white and composition of wing patterns become more dimorphic by sex with each juvenile moult, culminating in the 4th or 5th pre-basic moult, wherein the owls are hard to distinguish from mature adults.Pyle, P. (1997). Flight-feather molt patterns and age in North American owls. Colorado Springs, CO: ABA Monogr. Ser. no. 2.

Catasetum maculatum, the spotted catasetum, is a species of orchid found from Central America to Venezuela. The flowers are dimorphic, and the male and female flowers look so different that they were originally thought to be two separate species. A few days after opening, the male flowers emit a strong odor, which serves to attract bees.

Bradley Hills Animal Hospital, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, on lifespan of Ferrets. Bradleyhills.com. Retrieved 2012-02-28. Ferrets are sexually dimorphic predators, with males being substantially larger than females. The history of the ferret's domestication is uncertain, like that of most other domestic animals, but it is likely that they have been domesticated for at least 2,500 years.

Other primates have straighter and wider pelvises compared to humans. A narrow pelvis is better for bipedal locomotion but makes childbirth more difficult. The pelvis is sexually dimorphic, with females having a wider pelvis to be better suited for childbirth. However, the female pelvis still must accommodate for bipedal locomotion which is what creates the challenges for obstructed labor.

They tend to be more uniform with less speckling and striping than their cousins of subfamily Nothurinae, the steppe tinamous. Some of the members of the genus Crypturellus are sexually dimorphic with the females being brighter and having more barring with the rest of the subfamily having only slightly larger females as the only difference in the sexes.

European jaguars were larger than modern-day jaguars found in South America, such as Pantanal and Peruvian jaguars. With a bodyweight between 70 and 210 kg (154 to 463 lbs), they were therefore probably capable of bringing down larger prey. Like other Panthera species, they are thought to have been sexually dimorphic, with significantly larger males.

"Sexually dimorphic setiferous sex patch in the male red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Site of aggregation pheromone production". Journal of Chemical Ecology March 1981, Volume 7, Issue 2, pp 465-480 From 1965 to 1990 he was a Professor of Biology at California State University, San Bernardino, serving for part of that time as Department Chair.

The opossum lifespan is unusually short for a mammal of its size, usually only one to two years in the wild and as long as four or more years in captivity. Senescence is rapid.Opossum Facts. opossum.org. The species are moderately sexually dimorphic with males usually being slightly larger, much heavier, and having larger canines than females.

Evolution after branching is illustrated using trait evolution plots. These show the region of coexistence, the direction of evolutionary change and whether points where the selection gradient vanishes are fitness maxima or minima. Evolution may well lead the dimorphic population outside the region of coexistence, in which case one morph is extinct and the population once again becomes monomorphic.

Large-billed parrotlets are typically long and weigh about . Their bodies are mostly yellow-green. Eyes are dark brown and beaks and feet are light peach. Large-billed parrotlets are sexually dimorphic: males have blue rumps and lower backs, with blue feathers along the leading edges of their wings and blue secondaries; primary coverts are blue-gray.

This hummingbird is sexually dimorphic, but only slightly. Both sexes are shining green above with a small white postocular spot and a blue-black tail. Their lower underparts are also shining green bordered above by a white pectoral collar. The male has a reddish pink throat that extends from the white collar to almost the base of the bill.

Ficus maclellandii (common name Alii fig or banana-leaf fig) is a species of fig plant native to India, Southeast Asia and China. It is an evergreen often grown as a houseplant in temperate climates. The leaves are 8–13 cm and uniquely dimorphic; with narrow leaves on the lower, sterile branches and broader leaves on the higher branches.

H. huia can be identified by the minute segment 3 of the labial palp, the white subapical patch on the antenna and the metallic patches of curled scales on the forewing. These features are all unique to this species. This species is also sexually dimorphic with the female of the species having much longer labial palpi than the male.

The tail, long, is marked by a dark stripe that stretches along its length. The species is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and antlers are present only on males. The dorsal (upper) parts are golden to rufous, completely covered in white spots. The abdomen, rump, throat, insides of legs, ears, and tail are all white.

Platynota flavedana, the black-shaded platynota moth, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the United States from Minnesota to Maine, south to North Carolina and west to Arizona.Bug Guide The length of the forewings is 5-6.5 mm for males and 6-8.5 mm for females. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

Filamentous cell state of Yarrowia lipolytica Y. lipolytica has a dimorphic growth , which means it can grow in two different phenotypes. The usual form of the cells can be described as round and spherical. When exposed to stress conditions such as temperature, pH, mechanical or osmotic stress, the cell can switch into a filamentous growth form (also see hyphae).

Musee d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Notharctus tenebrosus had a fused mandibular symphysis and molar teeth with well-developed shearing crests, while the incisors are peg-like in form. Notharctus tenebrosus had canine teeth that are sexually dimorphic. The upper molars of this species have a pseudohypocone and the snout is moderately long, with a long premaxillary bone.

In addition, in Cryptomonas, the inner periplast component consists of polygonal plates. In contrast, in Campylomonas, the inner periplast component is a continuous sheet-like layer. However, during later research, more evidence of both molecular phylogeny and morphology has been found to support the claim that the three genera should be considered one single dimorphic genus.

The red-capped robin (Petroica goodenovii) is a small passerine bird native to Australia. Found in drier regions across much of the continent, it inhabits scrub and open woodland. Like many brightly coloured robins of the family Petroicidae, it is sexually dimorphic. Measuring in length, the robin has a small, thin, black bill, and dark brown eyes and legs.

This species is sexually dimorphic, and the males are smaller and lighter in color than the females. Wingspan is between and inches (5.2 - 7.8 cm). The forewing is gray with a marginal, median, and postmedian white band, and a central yellow or orange eyespot. The hindwing in males is white and in females white to dull brown.

Female in South Africa It is sexually dimorphic, with males more brightly coloured. Both sexes have vivid, gingery green upperpart plumage. The tail feathers have a metallic blue-green gloss. The outer three rectices on each side are tipped and fringed white, giving the undertail of perched birds a characteristic white appearance (compare bar- tailed trogon).

Adult females are roughly half the size of males and normally weigh , measuring in length. Elsewhere, a slightly larger estimated average weight of was claimed for adult females. When pregnant, however, females can weigh as much as . The polar bear is among the most sexually dimorphic of mammals, surpassed only by the pinnipeds such as elephant seals.

Some species are considered air-breathing fishes because of their ability to breathe by highly vascularized buccopharyngeal pouches (pharynx modified for breathing air). They usually are active only at night. They feed on benthic invertebrates, especially larvae, and fishes. At least some of the species of the family Synbranchidae, that is, O. infernale, are sexually dimorphic.

Buskirk, R. E., Frohlich, C. & Ross, K. G. The Natural Selection of Sexual Cannibalism. The American naturalist 123, 612-625 (1984). Several hypotheses to explain this seemingly paradoxical behavior have been proposed. The adaptive foraging hypothesis,Blamires, S.J. Nutritional implications for sexual cannibalism in a sexually dimorphic orb web spider. Austral Ecology 36, 389-394 (2011).

Neolecta does not have any close relatives. Phylogenetically, it weakly clusters with a bizarre group of basal Ascomycota including: Taphrina, a dimorphic, half yeast, half filamentous genus parasitic on leaves, branches, and catkins; Schizosaccharomyces, a genus of fission yeasts (e.g. Schizosaccharomyces pombe); and Pneumocystis, a yeast-like genus of mammalian parasites. Neolecta fruitbodies consist of hyphae and a hymenium.

They also feed on lizards, more so than any of the family. Rhacodactylus geckos are sexually dimorphic, with the males possessing larger preanal pores than the females as well as a distinct hemipenis pocket. Males tend to be stockier than females with the exception of R. auriculatus in which species the males are much slimmer than the females.

The passenger pigeon was sexually dimorphic in size and coloration. The male was in length, mainly gray on the upperparts, lighter on the underparts, with iridescent bronze feathers on the neck, and black spots on the wings. The female was , and was duller and browner than the male overall. The juvenile was similar to the female, but without iridescence.

Sexually dimorphic, the teeth were larger in males than in females. However, they also might have used them to pluck the aquatic plants from marshes that seem to have comprised their diet. The skulls of the males bore six prominent knob-like ossicones that grew from the frontal region of the skull. The function of these structures is unknown.

Harp seals are considered sexually dimorphic, as the males are slightly larger, and more decorated. Males weigh an average of , and reach a length up to , while females weigh an average of and reach up to . Males generally have a more defined dorsal harp marking and a darker head, while some females never develop the marking and remain spotted.

Although there is some margin of error, within a given region dimensions of the two sexes never overlap in these regards (but may overlap marginally in tarsal and tail lengths). In general terms, Accipiter species are among the most sexually dimorphic in size of all raptorial birds.Reynolds, R. T. (1972). Sexual dimorphism in accipiter hawks: a new hypothesis.

The Uganda mangabey comes to the ground to cross roads, forage and socialise. The Uganda mangabey is rather smaller than the grey-cheeked mangabey (L. albigena). It is less sexually dimorphic and has a smaller skull. Individuals from the east of Uganda have a yellowish-brown colour while those from the west are a slightly darker greyish-brown.

It also has distinct metanotum on the posterior of the thorax. It is lacking erect setae under its head, and its body is slightly raised on the tibiae, or fourth joint of each leg. Its eyes elongate looking outward, nearer to the mandibles than the vertex. It is dimorphic, meaning there are two separate forms based on class.

A later estimate gives an average weight as low as . This has been questioned, and there is still some controversy. It has been suggested that the weight depended on the season, and that individuals were fat during cool seasons, but less so during hot. The bird was sexually dimorphic: males were larger and had proportionally longer beaks.

Chalcidoptera emissalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1866. It is found in north-eastern India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Singapore, Borneo, Ambon Island, Aru,Chalcidoptera at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms New Guinea and Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland. Adults are sexually dimorphic.

The antennae are longer than the body and the eyes are black. Ground weta are sexually sized dimorphic, with the females larger than males, unlike closely related species. Females also have a long, gently curved ovipositor protruding from the end of their abdomen. H. maculifrons has very long legs, the hind femora is 2.8–3.5 times head width.

Like the related red-tailed black cockatoo, this species is sexually dimorphic. The male glossy black cockatoo is predominantly black with a chocolate-brown head and striking caudal red patches. The female is a duller dark brown, with flecks of yellow in the tail and collar. The female's tail is barred whereas the male's tail is patched.

The violet-backed starling is a sexually dimorphic species in which the males possess an iridescent violet back while the females are brown. During breeding, the female will incubate 2-4 eggs (these are pale blue with reddish/brown spots) for 12–14 days. The male will help feed chicks until they fledge after about 21 days.

Ponometia exigua is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1793. It is found from Georgia, south to Florida and west to Texas. Outside of the United States it is found in Jamaica, Cuba, Hispaniola, the Virgin Islands and Central America and South America down to Brazil. It is a sexually dimorphic species.

The mature Parablechnum wattsii can grow from 30 cm to 125 cm tall, with large erect fronds. The fern can spread horizontally using scaled rhizomes, which have a creeping, branched habit. Members of the family Blechnaceae exhibit distinctive dimorphic fertile and sterile fronds, which are easily identifiable. The mature sterile fronds are dark, dull green, and leathery and pinnate.

The "guatemalae" larger conspecific group usually includes the foothill screech owl, M. roraimae and the Choco screech owl, M. centralis. With a length of , it is a smaller than most other screech-owls. Unlike other owls of the same genus, it has feathered feet. It is dimorphic, with one morph overall grayish-brown and the other overall rufous.

Burrowing Toad (Rhinophrynus dorsalis), Municipality of Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico (8 October 2007). Adults of the Mexican burrowing toad grow to be between 75-85 mm (snout-vent length) or about 3.0 to 3.3 inches. R. dorsalis are sexually dimorphic, with females being larger than males. It is characterized by a short, stout, globular-shaped body and conical-shaped head.

Individuals are 10 cm (4 in) and 14-16 g, and sexually dimorphic. Males and females are both mainly green in color, with males having a golden yellow forecrown, and females having a blue-green forecrown and blue-green cheeks. Both genders have a red throat patch, red rump, and yellow on the sides of the rump.

The white-winged widowbird (Euplectes albonotatus) is a species of passerine bird in the family Ploceidae native to Africa south of the Sahara. It is highly sexually dimorphic in its breeding season, during which the male's yellow plumage turns dark and he gains more white feathers, contrasting with the female's predominantly pale coloration. Three subspecies are recognised.

The striated grasswren is a slim, long-tailed grasswren with a slender pointed bill. The plumage is highly variable across its range, suited to local soil and rock colour; birds are slightly sexually dimorphic; females have a brighter rufous flank-patch.Pizzey, G. and Knight, F. 2012. The field guide to the birds of Australia, 9th edition.

WS males sing more, are more aggressive and more frequently engage in extra-pair copulation than their TS counterparts. TS birds of both sexes provide more parental care than WS birds. The polymorphism is maintained by negative assortative mating—each morph mates with its opposite. Dimorphic pairs may have an advantageous balance between parental care and aggressive territorial defense.

Heliobatis ranges from in length, with an average of between . As in modern stingrays the genders are dimorphic, with males possessing claspers. Heliobatis individuals have up to three modified dermal denticles, forming barbed stingers, on their tails, though individuals are often found with less than three. The genus is considered to have been demersal in nature.

Surgical alteration of sexually dimorphic skull features may be carried out as a part of facial feminization surgery, a set of reconstructive surgical procedures that can alter male facial features to bring them closer in shape and size to typical female facial features. These procedures can be an important part of the treatment of transgender people for gender dysphoria.

Mammillaria species tend to grow low to the ground in solitary or grouped in clusters. The genus is marked by its dimorphic areoles: the spine bearing, or vegetative, areoles are located on the apex of the tubercle, and flowering areoles are located inside the axils of the tubercles. The stem is woolly and covered with bristles.

Illustration of the little brown bat The little brown bat is a small species, with individuals weighing with a total body length of . Individuals have the lowest weight in the spring as they emerge from hibernation. It has a forearm length of and a wingspan of . It as a sexually dimorphic species, with females larger than males on average.

Sexual dimorphism is often caused through evolution in response to male male competition and female choice. In polygamous species there is a noted sexual dimorphism. The sexual dimorphism is seen typically in sexual signaling aspects of morphology. Males typically exhibit these dimorphic traits and they are typically traits which help in signaling to females or male male competition.

Abludomelita obtusata is a small marine organism classified as an amphipod. It has a slender body shape and grows up to nine mm in standard length. The species is a brownish color, and has no rostrum. As a member of the Amphipoda order, Abludomelita obtusata is gonochorous and sexually dimorphic, with the females being larger than the males.

The species weighs about and is sexually dimorphic. The male is around long and has a distinctive brilliant green head and throat with a copper-coloured abdomen. The dark purple-brown tail is long, and forked, with two very long prongs, ending with a pair of round paddle- ("racket") shaped feathers. The female is shorter with a length of .

Males and females are sexual dimorphic. The male, which are long including the tail, have a white line behind the eye and a pink-purple throat with a white band below. His underparts are dull green, being clearer on median belly and feathers cover his undertail. The male's tail is long and deeply forked, usually held closed in repose.

The greater bird-of-paradise is the largest member in the genus Paradisaea, with males measuring up to (excluding the long twin tail wires). The female is bigger, at . The plumage of this species is also sexually dimorphic. The male has an iridescent green face and a yellow glossed with silver iridescence crown, head and nape.

Chacma baboon skeleton The chacma baboon is perhaps the longest species of monkey, with a male body length of and tail length of . It also one of the heaviest; the male weighs from with an average of . Baboons are sexually dimorphic, and females are considerably smaller than males. The female chacma weighs from , with an average of .

Histoplasma capsulatum is a species of dimorphic fungus. Its sexual form is called Ajellomyces capsulatus. It can cause pulmonary and disseminated histoplasmosis. H. capsulatum is "distributed worldwide, except in Antarctica, but most often associated with river valleys" and occurs chiefly in the "Central and Eastern United States" followed by "Central and South America, and other areas of the world".

The appearance of a dimorphic perianth (in which petals and sepals differ in appearance) is variable throughout the commelinid monocots, with a transition from an undifferentiated monomorphic perianth to a dimorphic one occurring independently in the two sister orders, Commelinales and the Zingiberales. The evolution of floral morphology within Zingiberales demonstrates a marked correlation between the reduction of the number of fertile stamens, and increased petaloidy. The ancestral Zingiberales flower is thought to have had 5–6 fertile stamens, following which the staminode evolved in the lineage leading to Heliconiaceae+Zingiberineae, finally leading to 2–5 staminodia dominating the floral display. The phylogenetic diversification and biogeographic dispersal of the Zingiberales was, in part, driven by the evolutionary radiation and diversification of their associated animal pollinators, which include bats, birds, non-flying mammals and insects.

The dental arcade is U-shaped, and the mandible is thin and light. The incisors are broad and flat, while the molars have low, rounded cusps with thick enamel. The most noticeable characteristic of the dentition of Hylobates lar is the presence of large, dagger-like canines in both the upper and lower jaw. These canines are not sexually dimorphic.

The brown-chested barbet (Capito brunneipectus), also called cinnamon-breasted barbet, is a species of bird in the family Capitonidae. It is endemic to Brazil's central Amazon Basin. The bird is sexually dimorphic, slightly medium-sized, brownish, with a wide-black face mask centered on the eyes; it has a goldish crown, stout bill, and the cinnamon-colored upper breast patch.

Przewalski's finch is a small bird similar in appearance to the long-tailed rosefinch. The tail is long and - quite unlike in typical finches - graduated, with the outer feathers much shorter than the central ones. The sexes are sexually dimorphic, with the males having bright pink on the throat, breast and belly. Both sexes have brown streaked plumage on the back and wings.

Like the rest of the Australasian robins, the scarlet robins are stocky passerines with large heads. They range in size from 12 to 13.5 cm in length and weigh between 12 and 14 g. The plumage is sexually dimorphic. The males have black heads, backs and tails, black and white wings, a scarlet red breast, and white belly, forehead and rump.

Harpactes is a genus of birds in the family Trogonidae found in forests in South and Southeast Asia, extending into southernmost China. They are strongly sexually dimorphic, with females generally being duller than males. Their back is brownish, the tail is partially white (best visible from below), and males of most species have red underparts. They feed on arthropods, small lizards and fruit.

Neargyractis slossonalis, the dimorphic leafcutter moth, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1906. It is found in Cuba and the south-eastern United States, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Florida, South Carolina,Moth Photographers Group at Mississippi State University Georgia and Mississippi. The wingspan is about 13 mm.

The colouration of the green junglefowl is sexually dimorphic. The male's plumage is dark and blackish at a distance. A closer view reveals an iridescent mantle of gleaming scales reminiscent in colour and pattern to those seen in the ocellated turkey and green peafowl. Each scale is vivid blue at its base and moves through various shades of gold and bronzed green.

Rotifers are dioecious and reproduce sexually or parthenogenetically. They are sexually dimorphic, with the females always being larger than the males. In some species, this is relatively mild, but in others the female may be up to ten times the size of the male. In parthenogenetic species, males may be present only at certain times of the year, or absent altogether.

They are sexually dimorphic with males being larger than females. Its coat is white with a red-brown chest and black markings on the forehead and down the length of the nose. The coat reflects the sun's rays, while the black portions and the tip of the tongue provide protection against sunburn. The white coat helps to reflect the heat of the desert.

Mitani JC, Gros-Louis J, Richards AF. 1996. Sexual dimorphism, the operational sex ratio, and the intensity of male competition in polygynous primates. The American Naturalist 147(6):966-980. For example, baboons are highly dimorphic in both body mass and canine size, where males are actively engaged in fights for increasing their mating success and defending females against other males.

It has been hypothesized that niche divergence between the sexes attributes to the evolution of size dimorphism in primates. Males and females are known to have different preferences for ecological habitat due to different reproductive activities, which could possibly lead to dietary differences, followed by dimorphic morphological traits.Shine R. 1989. Ecological causes for the evolution of sexual dimorphism: a review of the evidence.

The white-tipped plantcutter (Phytotoma rutila) is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae. As the other plantcutters, this species is sexually dimorphic and folivorous. It is found widely in woodland and scrub of south- eastern and south-central South America. It is mainly found in lowlands east of the Andes, but ranges well into the highlands in Bolivia.

Like all Pipreola fruiteaters, the scarlet-breasted fruiteater is a plump, short-tailed cotinga. It is relatively small for a fruiteater, measuring in length; its mass ranges from , with an average of . The species is sexually dimorphic; the male is considerably more colorful than the female. Both sexes have bright green upperparts, with narrow yellow tips to the tertial feathers.

Adults have stout, tapered abdomens, slightly elongated legs, with aristate antennae. Males are sexually dimorphic with holoptic eyes. Adult athericids usually rest on the upper surface of leaves, near the streams from which they emerge, or more inland if they are looking for a blood meal. Athericids commonly stroke or palpate the surface of leaves, an action they share with the Tabanidae.

It is endemic to the rocky shores of Mbenji Island, Lake Malawi in east Africa. The species is highly sexually dimorphic, females and juvenile males are pale white-blue with several blue-black vertical bands extending into the dorsal fin. Adult males turn bright yellow with faint brown bars crossing the body; fins are plain yellow with egg spots on the anal fin.

Yellow-bellied toads have compact bodies - though not so flat as the related European fire-bellied toad - and a rounded snout. The pupils are heart-shaped, with the eardrums not visible. The overside has numerous warts with raised swirls. A study conducted by researchers from Brill Academic Publishers had concluded that there are sexually dimorphic differences noted within the species.

The lifespan of the pangolin is unknown, but the observed lifespan in captivity is 20 years. They are sexually dimorphic, with the males being 10–50% heavier than females. No defined mating season is known, but pangolins tend to mate during the summer and autumn. The gestation period ranges up to 139 days for ground pangolins and other African species.

The California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) is a coastal eared seal native to western North America. It is one of six species of sea lion. Its natural habitat ranges from southeast Alaska to central Mexico, including the Gulf of California. California sea lions are sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have a thicker neck, and protruding sagittal crest.

Blackeye gobies are sexually dimorphic, with different sexes distinguishable from genital papilla, size, and length of dorsal and anal fins. Females attain sexual maturity at in length, while males mature at in length. The breeding season lasts for five to seven months, between April and October. During this, the fused pelvic fins (the disk) of the males turn very dark in color.

The striped cowfish is larger than its close cousin the ornate cowfish, with a maximum length of 20 cm. The species is sexually dimorphic. Females and juveniles are pale orange to brown with irregular brown and white lines, while males bright orange with blue lines and spots. The fish's body is encased in a rigid box-like carapace made of large bony plates.

The blue bunting (Cyanocompsa parellina) is a species of passerine bird found in Central America. Measuring in length with a wingspan of , it is one of the smaller members of its genus. Like most buntings, the blue bunting is sexually dimorphic. The male has a dark blue body, with brighter blue highlights on the supercilium, forecrown, malar region, rump and lesser wing coverts.

The leaf-cutter bee and the wool carder bee are introduced, making the Galápagos carpenter bee the only native species. As a sexually dimorphic species, the male and female bees look different. The female bee is dark and shiny with black setae, and is commonly found throughout the year. The male is rarer, with a black abdomen and yellow-brown setae.

The dimorphic dwarf kingfisher (Ceyx margarethae) is a species of bird in the family Alcedinidae that is endemic to the central and southern Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. The species is small and have three toes on its legs. They fly with bullet-like speed to catch insects and grubs which they find on the ground.

A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2013 found that most of the insular subspecies had substantially diverged from one another. The variable dwarf kingfisher was therefore split and 12 of the subspecies, including the dimorphic dwarf kingfisher, were promoted to species status. At the same time the name of the variable dwarf kingfisher was changed to the Moluccan dwarf kingfisher.

The Barbados bullfinch is a small bird, 14–15 cm (5.5–6 in). The upperparts are a dark olive-grey, the wings are mostly brown, underparts are greyish, while the under tail-coverts are tawny. The species is not sexually dimorphic, with females and males having similar plumage. The birds' calls include simple twittering, an occasional harsh petulant note, and a sharp trill .

Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62 688–95. They are among the smallest members of the family, reaching a maximum standard length of depending on the exact species involved. They have no scales and are transparent, revealing the silvery sheen of the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity. They are sexually dimorphic, with males bearing longer fins and brighter colors than females.

Hartlaub's Spurfowl is the smallest African spurfowl and is highly sexually dimorphic both in plumage and in size. The male is on averages in length and weighs ; the smaller female is around in length and weighs . The male has a dark brownish forehead, a prominent white eyestripe and rufous ear coverts. The upperparts are brown- grey with darker bars and streaks.

The sand lizard is a sexually dimorphic legged lizard. In northwest Europe, both sexes are characterised by lateral and dorsal strips of ocellated (eye-shaped) markings, dark patches with pale centres. Colouration varies across their European and Russian range. Males have finer markings than females, and their flanks turn bright green during the spring mating season, fading again in the late summer.

The blue-capped ifrit is 16–17 cm long and weighs 34-36g. Species plumage is yellowish brown with a blue-black crown atop their broad head. It is a sexually dimorphic species, with ear streak coloration being white in males and more tawny yellow in females. Ifrits tend to have more stout body shapes with broad sternums and shallow keels.

The height is normally ; females average , while males average . The northern cassowary is about the same size on average and is perhaps very mildly less sexually dimorphic than the southern. Most adult birds will weigh between . It is technically the largest Asian bird (since the extinction of the Arabian ostrich) and the largest Australian bird (though the emu may be slightly taller).

Because of its large eyes, it relies mostly on sight to find its food. It catches the plankton by staying in its burrow and swaying its head about to catch the plankton drifting by in the current. Garden eels are sexual reproducers and sexually dimorphic. In the mating season, the eels move their burrows closer together, until they are within reaching distance.

Unusually for a dimorphic ungulate, research has shown south Andean deer will congregate in mixed-sex groups, and the length of time spent inter-mixing increases with group size. The farther the animals are from rocky slopes the larger the size of observed groups, suggesting predation rates are lowest on slopes and greatest in open areas such as valley bottoms.

The lined seahorse's eyes can move independently of one another, allowing it to effectively scan its surroundings. The species is sexually dimorphic and it is easy to distinguish between a male and female lined seahorse. The males are larger and also have longer tails. The lined seahorse is monogamous and performs ritual dances every morning to reestablish the bond with its mate.

Candida dubliniensis is a fungal opportunistic pathogen originally isolated from AIDS patients. It is also occasionally isolated from immunocompetent individuals. It is a dimorphic yeast of the genus Candida, very closely related to Candida albicans but forming a distinct phylogenetic cluster in DNA fingerprinting. It is most commonly isolated from oral cavities, and is also occasionally found in other anatomical sites.

Tersina is a genus of tanager. It contains a single species, the swallow tanager (Tersina viridis) . It is found widely throughout South America, from eastern Panama to far northern Argentina. The species is somewhat dimorphic, as the female is a yellow-green, and the male a brighter light emerald-green, with a small deep black face and upper throat patch.

Histoplasma duboisii is a dimorphic fungus, growing as either a yeast-like form or a filamentous form depending on the prevailing nutritional and temperature conditions. It is unusual to find both the mycelial and yeast forms co-existing. The mycelial form is characterized by white and cottony colonies that turn brownish with age. The underside of the colony is typically brownish in colour.

Beaked whale species are often sexually dimorphic one or the other sex is significantly larger. The adult males often possess a large bulging forehead. However, aside from dentition and size, very few morphological differences exist between male and female beaked whales. Individual species are very difficult to identify in the wild, since body form varies little from one species to another.

The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex), also known as the steinbock, bouquetin, or simply ibex, is a species of wild goat that lives in the mountains of the European Alps. It is a sexually dimorphic species with larger males that carry larger, curved horns. Their coat colour is typically brownish grey. Alpine ibex tend to live in steep, rough terrain near the snow line.

The Mexican golden trout is sexually dimorphic, males can easily be identified from females due to their much longer jaws or kype. Mexican golden trout are brightly colored with blue parr marks on both males and females along the side of the body. Purple scaling is visible along the lateral line. Both sexes also have bright golden-yellow belly coloration.

Sphaerocarpos texanus are small, thalloid, dioecious liverworts. The species is sexually dimorphic, with male plants usually 3–5 mm in diameter, females up to 12 mm in diameter. Both male (bearing antheridia) and female (bearing archegonia) plants are bright green, with the thallus branching up to several times. The plant is a winter annual, appearing in autumn and dying in spring.

The New England cottontail also typically has black hair between and on the anterior surface of the ear, which the Eastern cottontails lacks. The New England cottontail weighs between 995 and 1347 g and is between 398 and 439 mm long, with dark brown coats with a "penciled effect" and tails with white undersides. They are sexually dimorphic, with females larger than males.

The leaves are somewhat thick and fleshy with long petioles (leaf stalks). The leaves are dimorphic (have two forms) with the lower (basal) leaves having more shallow lobes. The flowers have light- to deep pink petals 1 to 2 centimeters (0.4 to 0.8 inch) long. The flowers are borne on stalks ranging from 1 to 10 millimeters (0.04 to 0.4 inch) in length.

The studies of the rats' influx and deflation of hippocampal cells can be translated to the difference in memory and spatial behaviors between the sexes. On average, Onuf’s nucleus is sexually dimorphic, meaning that there are differences in Onuf’s nucleus between males and females of the same species. Males of these species have more of these motoneurons than do their female counterparts.

Males also have longer canines than females, which can be up to and 1.0 cm, respectively. The mandrill is one of the most sexually dimorphic mammals due to extremely strong sexual selection which favors males in both size and coloration. Males typically weigh , with an average mass of . Females weigh roughly half as much as the male, at and an average of .

This species is dimorphic with the males being ovate and the females being less compressed laterally and with the posterior end truncated and sometimes with a notch on the posterior margin. Villosa arkansasensis shows great similarity in general appearance to Obovaria jacksoniana. However, its shell morphology and life cycle are different, as are the species of host fish with which it is associated.

The regent bowerbird (Sericulus chrysocephalus) is a medium-sized, up to 25 cm long, sexually dimorphic bowerbird. The male bird is black with a golden orange-yellow crown, mantle and black-tipped wing feathers. It has yellow bill, black feet and yellow iris. The female is a brown bird with whitish or fawn markings, grey bill, black feet and crown.

Female Baikal seals reach sexual maturity at 3–6 years of age, whereas males achieve it around 4–7 years. The males and females are not strongly sexually dimorphic. Baikal seals mate in the water towards the end of the pupping season. With a combination of delayed implantation and a nine-month gestation period, the Baikal seals' overall pregnancy is around 11 months.

A female snow bunting wintering atop Mount Agamenticus in York, ME. The snow bunting is a sexually dimorphic, medium-sized passerine bird. This passerine is a ground-dwelling species that walks, runs and could potentially jump if needed. It is fairly large and long-winged for a bunting. It measures 15 cm with a wingspan of and weights 30 to 40 grams.

Deto aucklandiae are a large, sexually dimorphic species, with males reaching 20-24mm in length and females reaching 12-19mm in length. Males have large, thick antennae and a dorsal surface that is covered in spine like tubercles. Females have more slender antennae than the males and can also be distinguished by a slight groove present in segments 2, 3 and 4.

Scale counts can sometimes be used to tell the sex of a snake when the species is not distinctly sexually dimorphic. A probe is inserted into the cloaca until it can go no further. The probe is marked at the point where it stops, removed, and compared to the subcaudal depth by laying it alongside the scales.Rosenfeld (1989), p. 11.

Papayas are dioecious. The flowers are five-parted and highly dimorphic; the male flowers have the stamens fused to the petals. The female flowers have a superior ovary and five contorted petals loosely connected at the base. Male and female flowers are borne in the leaf axils, and the males are multiflowered dichasia, and the female flowers are in few-flowered dichasia.

Front view of spider They are sexually dimorphic and body length ranges from medium to large: the male ; the female . Males have an overall reddish brown dorsum with distinct brightly colored hairs forming patches and lines. The body has short dense hair, prominently interspersed with long bright orange hairs. The posterior half of body has a distinct red line surrounded by red hairs.

They are sexually dimorphic and exhibit a large difference in appearance between sexes. The males of rubronotata possess red forecrowns with red bills and orange eyes. They have purple or blue ear coverts which are streaked with a paler blue along with red underwing coverts. They have a yellow-tipped green tail, with the base of side tail feathers being red.

The back of a perched russet-crowned Motmot Russet-crowned motmots are relatively small motmots that measure 30.5 to 35.5 cm long and weigh 74 to 104g. Like most motmots, russet-crowned motmots are not sexually dimorphic in plumage. However, females have shorter tail feathers (10 to 15mm) than males (11 to 22mm). Russet-crowned motmots have a rufous crown and nape.

The grey-headed lovebird or Madagascar lovebird (Agapornis canus) is a small species of parrot of the lovebird genus. It is a mainly green parrot. The species is sexually dimorphic and only the adult male has grey on its upper body. They are native on the island of Madagascar and are the only lovebird species which are not native on the African continent.

Chlamydosaurus kingii from Narrative of a Survey Volume 2, by Phillip Parker King, 1827. The frilled-neck lizard is sexually dimorphic; meaning that there are physical differences between male and females. This dimorphism is apparent in the length of the lizard; the male is generally larger than the female. There is little to no dimorphism in the colour of the lizard.

Morpho rhetenor is sexually dimorphic. The female (shown in the Seitz plate below) is bigger than the bright blue male and has a dark-brown upperside with a lighter brown outer edge. There is a central yellow area tapering into a triangle and isolated patches as it crosses the forewings and a separate chain of yellow spots crosses the forewings and hindwings.

Journal of Morphology 234, pp 295-317, 1997 Wrestling halfbeaks are sexually dimorphic. The females are larger than the males and grow up to long; males only reach about and typically has red or yellow patches on the dorsal fin and the beak.Riehl R. & Baensch H: Aquarium Atlas (vol. 1), Voyageur Press, 1996, Riehl R. & Baensch H: Aquarium Atlas (vol.

The carapace of C. guanhumi can reach a width up to . As with many crab species, males possess dimorphic claws: the larger claw can grow up to around in length, eventually becoming larger than the carapace itself. The eyes are stalked and their colour ranges from a deep blue to a pale grey. Juveniles generally have a brown carapace with orange coloured legs.

Lamasina is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae); the validity of its name is subject to dispute. Among its family, these sexually dimorphic Lepidoptera belong to the tribe Eumaeini of the subfamily Theclinae. Lamasina species are found mainly in northern South America, approximately to the Guyanas. L. draudti is also found in Central America south of the Yucatán Peninsula.

Stictococcids have three female instars and five male instars. The first instars are sexually dimorphic, with the females having the anus in the center of the body and having well-developed mouthparts, whereas the males have the anus near the posterior end of the body and have no mouthparts.Richard, C. 1971. Contribution à l'étude morphologique et biologique des Stictococcinae (Hom. Coccoidea).

Bone marrow aspirate: ring sideroblasts Ringed sideroblasts are seen in the bone marrow. On the peripheral blood smear can be found erythrocytes with basophilic stippling (cytoplasmic granules of RNA precipitates) and Pappenheimer bodies (cytoplasmic granules of iron). The anemia is moderate to severe and dimorphic. Microscopic viewing of the red blood cells will reveal marked unequal cell size and abnormal cell shape.

Bedotia species are all under 10 centimetres (4 in) SL, extremely colorful, elongate, and somewhat laterally compressed atherinoid fishes that exhibit varying degrees of sexual dimorphism. Except for coloration and pigmentation, Bedotia are morphologically conservative fishes. All Bedotia are sexually dimorphic, with males exhibiting larger adult size, enhanced coloration and pigmentation, as well as pronounced development of the unpaired fins.

Painting from Catalog of birds of the British Isles, 1897 The species is dimorphic in appearance. Roughly half the individuals are mostly dark bronze, but with white patches, similar to the king shag; the remainder are bronze all over. The two morphs breed together indifferently. These large, chunky birds are 68 cm (27 in) and weigh 1.8-2.9 kg (4-6.4 lbs).

The Agile Gene: How Nature Turns on Nurture. NY: Harper Perennial The term sex differences is typically applied to sexually dimorphic traits that are hypothesized to be evolved consequences of sexual selection. For example, the human "sex difference" in height is a consequence of sexual selection, while the "gender difference" typically seen in head hair length (women with longer hair) is not.

On juveniles, the carapace is dark brown or black, however this color fades with age. Yellow dots, and the occasional black spot, can be found on the shell, but these too fade as the turtle gets older. Its plastron is sexually dimorphic, appearing white in males and gray in females. The head of Amyda cartilaginea can be black or brown.

The Seminole bat is often confused with the red bat. This is due to the coloring of the Seminole bat, which is a mahogany color with a frosted look due to white tipped dorsal hairs. Coloring is not sexually dimorphic, meaning that males and females are similar in color. Average weight is around 12 grams with females being larger than males.

The Kneriidae are a small family of freshwater gonorhynchiform fishes native to Africa. They typically live in fast-flowing highland streams, and are small fish, no more than in length. Some species are sexually dimorphic, with the male possessing a rosette on the gill covers that is absent in the females. Other species are neotenic, retaining larval features into adulthood.

Several species have highly restricted distributions, and all species have disjunct distributions. A 2009 study examining the mitochondrial DNA of the family found that the Paradisaea birds- of-paradise were in a clade with the genus Cicinnurus. It showed that the blue bird-of-paradise was a sister taxon to all the other species in this genus. All are large, and sexually dimorphic.

It is sexually dimorphic, with a blue tail in the male, and a rufous tail with blackish bars in the female. Immature birds have more prominent brown bars and marks in their plumage, giving a 'dirty' appearance, and their eyes are predominantly brown for the first two years of life.Legge, p. 37 The call has been described as a maniacal cackling or barking.

Didymoceras nebrascense was an extinct species of heteromorph ammonite from the upper Campanian age (around 83 to 70 million years ago). It was sexually dimorphic, with two adult sizes averaging at and high for females and males respectively. It exhibited three distinct growth stages. The first growth stage was composed of one or two straight sharply bending sections and a gently curved third.

Males are sexually dimorphic, appearing to have much thinner legs as well losing most of their coloration, it can be hard to distinguish them from Psalmopoeus cambridgei mature males. Like all members of Psalmopoeus , Ps. irminia lack urticating hairs. Eggsacs of this species typically carry 50-200 spiderlings, however, they have the ability to lay two eggsacs from a single mating.

Genetic investigation suggests that its closest relation is Livistona inermis. This palm is fire tolerant and usually grows in environments where it is exposed to frequent fires. Livistona humilis is sexually dimorphic. The flower stalks on the female plant are erect and up to 230 cm long, while the male plant's flower stalks are up to 180 cm long and curved.

The Shetland goose is a small, hardy breed of domestic goose originating in the islands. It is sexually dimorphic, with ganders being entirely white and females white with grey patches. They tend to mate for life and are extremely good foragers. A small number have been exported to North America, but are not yet recognised by the American Poultry Association.

A dimorphic appearance on a peripheral blood smear occurs when there are two simultaneous populations of red blood cells, typically of different size and hemoglobin content (this last feature affecting the color of the red blood cell on a stained peripheral blood smear). For example, a person recently transfused for iron deficiency would have small, pale, iron deficient red blood cells (RBCs) and the donor RBCs of normal size and color. Similarly, a person transfused for severe folate or vitamin B12 deficiency would have two cell populations, but, in this case, the patient's RBCs would be larger and paler than the donor's RBCs. A person with sideroblastic anemia (a defect in heme synthesis, commonly caused by alcoholism, but also drugs/toxins, nutritional deficiencies, a few acquired and rare congenital diseases) can have a dimorphic smear from the sideroblastic anemia alone.

Mating Rhizotrogon marginipes (Melolonthini/Rhizotrogini), male on top - note sexually dimorphic antennae Melolonthinae is a subfamily of the scarab beetles (family Scarabaeidae). It is a very diverse group; distributed over most of the world, it contains many familiar species. Some authors include the scarab subfamilies Euchirinae and Pachypodinae as tribes in the Melolonthinae. Unlike some of their relatives, their habitus is usually not bizarre.

The Cocos finch stands at about 12 cm long weighing in at about 12.5 g. The bird has a small pointed beak for eating berries and insects that are its main diet. They are sexually dimorphic in that the males have black feathers from the tail, breast, nape, and crown. Unlike male finches found in Galapagos island, male Cocos finches have black beaks year-round.

The orange-breasted sunbird (Anthobaphes violacea) is the only member of the bird genus Anthobaphes; however, it is sometimes placed in the genus Nectarinia. This sunbird is endemic to the fynbos habitat of southwestern South Africa. They are sexually dimorphic with females being olive green while the males are orange to yellow on the underside with bright green, blue and purple on the head and neck.

An 1844 painting by Hullmandel of the bronze phase of Phalacrocorax chalconotusThe species is dimorphic, with two plumages. Roughly one quarter of the individuals are pied, with dark and white feathers, and the rest, known as bronze shags, are dark all over. Both morphs breed together. These large, chunky birds are about 70 cm long, weigh about 2–3 kg, and are slightly larger than Foveaux shags.

Sori of Histiopteris incisa Histiopteris incisa is a medium-sized fern, usually producing fronds of approximately 60–200 cm in length. Fronds are widely spaced, distinct, and slightly dimorphic with fertile lobes slightly narrower than the infertile lobes. Fertile lobes have the sori continuous, linear and exindusiate (without an indusium) but protected by reflexed leaf margins. Young fronds have a thick and whitish blue-green succulent stipe.

The gray short-tailed bat is a relatively small member of its family, measuring in length, and weighing . The species is sexually dimorphic, with females being significantly larger than males. It has grey to grey-brown fur over its upper body, with pale grey underparts and grey-brown wing and tail membranes. It has triangular ears, a short muzzle, and a pointed triangular nose leaf.

The Galápagos petrels mainly use three flight calls. There is a short 3-5 syllable call that may be used for identification; a long call of 6-20 syllables for aggressive or defensive situations; and a single-syllable call for very stressful situations. The short and long call are sexually dimorphic: calls in males are sweet and pleasant but are coarser and grating in females.

Rowley & Russell (1997), p. 38 Wider than it is deep, the bill is similar in shape to those of other birds that feed by probing for or picking insects off their environs. It is finer and more pointed in this species than in other fairywrens. Female white-winged fairywren Fully mature adults are sexually dimorphic, with the male being larger and differing in colour from the female.

This cat stands nearly at shoulder and weighs . Its body size decreases from west (Israel) to east (India); this was attributed to greater competition from small cats in the east; body size shows a similar decrease from the northern latitudes toward the tropics. Sexually dimorphic, females tend to be smaller and lighter than males. The face is long and narrow, with a white muzzle.

Male (nominate race) Arnot's chat ranges in size from and weighs around . The plumage of the adults is sexually dimorphic; the male of the nominate race is overall black with a white crown and a white patch on the wing coverts. The female is similar but with a black crown and a white (tipped with black) throat and neck. The bill and legs are black.

It has formerly been placed into its own genus, Anthocincla, on account of its apparent primitive characteristics. It is the only species in the Pitta family with entirely cryptic colours in the adults of both sexes. As with other Hydrornis species, they exhibit sexually dimorphic plumage, and a cryptic juvenile plumage. The adult male has a central black line over the crown, reaching and covering the nape.

Some sexual dimorphic traits in primates are known to appear on a temporary basis. In squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), males can gain fat as much as 25 percent of the body mass only during the breeding season, specifically in their upper torso, arms, and shoulders. This seasonal phenomenon, known as “male fattening,” is associated with both male-male competition and female choice for larger males.Plavcan JM. 2012.

Sarcosuchus has an expansion at the end of its snout known as a bulla, which has been compared with the ghara seen in gharials. However, unlike the ghara, which is only found in male gharial, the bulla is present in all Sarcosuchus skulls that have been found so far, suggesting that it was not a sexually dimorphic trait. The purpose of this structure is not known.

Lateral view Adults are sexually dimorphic. The wingspan reach 11–14 mm in females, while males have less distinct forewing markings and they are larger, as their wingspan reach 14–16 mm.UKmothsSuffolk Moth Group Forewings are gray-brown, with darker brown transversal markings. This species is quite similar to moths belonging to genus Cnephasia, but the hedge shade has directly transverse dark brown markings.

Cubs born in the wild weigh at birth, while those born in captivity tend to be larger and weigh around . Cheetahs are sexually dimorphic, with males larger and heavier than females, but not to the extent seen in other large cats. Studies differ significantly on morphological variations among the subspecies. The coat is typically tawny to creamy white or pale buff (darker in the mid-back portion).

During the experiment, simple erections, dorsal flips of the penis and cup- like flaring erections of the distal glans were measured in the rats before and after probe stimulation.Sakamoto, H., Matsuda, K., Zuloaga, D. G., Hongu, H., Wada, E., Wada, K., & ... Kawata, M. (2008). Sexually dimorphic gastrin releasing peptide system in the spinal cord controls male reproductive functions. Nature Neuroscience, 11(6), 634-636. doi:10.1038/nn.

The pheromone elicits a male response by stimulating male specific receptor cells on a large number of these sensilla, which are located on the antennal flagellum.Sanes, J.R., and Hildebrand J.G. 1976. Structure and development of antennae in a moth, Manduca sexta. Devel. Biol., 51:282-299. The sexually dimorphic sensilla are called male specific type-1 trichoid sensilla, a type of hair-like olfactory sensilla.

Before reproducing, mature females display dimorphic features in an attempt to attract males. Females lower the tips of their abdomens and raise their wings slightly to expose more of the uppermost side of the abdomen, thus releasing pheromone to attract a mate. However, sexual cannibalism is prominent among pairs of I. diabolica that remain in captivity. Due to their precautious nature, intrusive environments lead to aggressive behaviour.

Bolbitis appendiculata is a lithophyte in the family Dryopteridaceae, seen in evergreen forests. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Borneo, Myanmar, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Java, Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. Fronds are dimorphic, scaly beneath and hairy above. Sterile lamina dark green and simply pinnate, stalked, oblong, serrate with larger pinnae in the middle, reduced towards both ends.

This insect belongs to the order Diptera, the true flies. The adult has wings less than 3 millimeters long, which are held erect. It has a narrow silvery-brown body and long legs. It is a sexually dimorphic species; the male has a slender abdomen with large terminalia at the end, and it lacks mandibles, while the female has mandibles and a wider abdomen.

Unlike other species in the genus, two of the species of the subgenus Bryscha, Brachymyrmex pilipes and Brachymyrmex micromegas, have dimorphic workers. Ambiguity remains regarding the status of Bryscha. Brown (1973) provisionally synonymized it under Brachymyrmex and Bolton (1995, 2014) accepted this synonymy in his catalogues without substantiating the decision. A study towards a revision of the genus was published in 2019 by Ortiz- Sepuvelda et al.

The antlers of the opposite sides are unsymmetrical with respect to each other. The beams are unbranched initially whereas curvature increases as length increases and they get forked also. The sexes are moderately dimorphic in body size and weight. The height and weight of a fully grown stag may be approximately 115–125 cm at shoulder and 95 to 110 kg (210 to 230 lb) respectively.

A. punctatus has a body with variably sized dark spots scattered over the body and the fins, while A. longimanus does not. Species of Auchenipterichthys are sexually dimorphic. Breeding males of A. coracoideus have an elongated dorsal fin spine. In A. longimanus and A. thoracatus, serrae on the end of the dorsal fin spine are proportionally longer in breeding males than in juveniles and females.

Measuring 19–21 cm (8 in) in length, this small vibrant and brightly coloured parrot is sexually dimorphic. The male has a scarlet chest, a cobalt blue face, and bright green upperparts. The lower breast and underparts are yellow, and the wing coverts are pale blue. The tail is green, the eyes are brown and the bill is blackish, and legs are brown-grey.

The majority of DMRT1 protein is located in the testicular cord and Sertoli cells, with a small amount in the germ cells. This gene exhibits a gonad-specific and sexually dimorphic expression pattern, just like the related doublesex gene in fruit flies. Defective testicular development and XY feminization occur when this gene is hemizygous. Two copies of the DMRT1 gene are required for normal sexual development.

The flame robin (Petroica phoenicea) is a small passerine bird native to Australia. It is a moderately common resident of the coolest parts of south- eastern Australia, including Tasmania. Like the other two red-breasted Petroica robins--the scarlet robin and the red-capped robin--it is often simply called the robin redbreast. Like many brightly coloured robins of the Petroicidae, it is sexually dimorphic.

Protoceras was long and resembled a deer in terms of body shape. Like some other protoceratids it had three pairs of blunt horns on its skull. In life these were probably covered with skin, much like the ossicones of a giraffe. Protoceras was sexually dimorphic - females only had one pair of horns, on the back of the skull, which was shorter than the same pair in males.

Stomias affinis is an elongated, slender, barbeled dragonfish and is a sexually dimorphic species. Females are larger, averaging a maximum length of while males average up to . It has a short barbel on its chin and a few illuminated photophores between its lateral and ventral rows. The fish's stomach is caramel in color with white spots and constitutes seventy-five percent of the total body length.

The chordotonal organ at the base of the antennae is called the Johnston's organ, and it detects movement of the antennae. Johnston's organ occurs in nearly all orders of insects. In Drosophila melanogaster, one population of Johnston's organ neurons has been shown to mediate the sensation of sound, whereas another population detects wind and gravity. In several species of Diptera, the Johnston's organ is sexually dimorphic.

The study of sexual dimorphism in dinosaurs is incredibly difficult. The varying size and intricacy of margins in Marginocephalia have shown many signs of sexual dimorphism. Although the intricate frills of marginocephalians sometimes seem to present with dimorphic features, many doubt the validity of these claims. Stegoceras validum, a pachycephalosaur, can be segregated into two groups based on the size and shape of their skulls.

The morphology of O. turkae is difficult to determine due to the complete lack of post-cranial remains. The post-canine dentary is second only to that of Gigantopithecus in size, perhaps suggesting a large body size. It is unknown whether the species was sexually dimorphic as there are no known female fossils. The ape was probably a quadruped but there is no evidence to confirm this.

Corydalus is a genus of large flying insects in the Corydalidae family, commonly known as dobsonflies. They are endemic to North, Central and South America and there are about 35 known species. Members of the genus have wing lengths of up to 85 millimetres. They are sexually dimorphic, with the males having large mandibles used to grasp the females during mating while the females have smaller jaws.

Group of Euleia heraclei mating Euleia heraclei can reach a body length of . The species is dimorphic, as the color of the body is variable depending on the season. In fact the thorax and the abdomen may be shiny orange-brown or blackish.(Detailed description of fly, no ecology) They are almost black for the winter flies, while they are clear, orange-brown for the summer flies.

Photuris versicolor are large members of the Lampyridae family, approximately 20–50 mm in length. P. versicolor are strong fliers with excellent eye sight, which is especially sensitive to light in the near UV (380 nm) and green (550 nm) spectra. Although male and female adults both have luminescence, this species is strongly sexually dimorphic. Females are larger bodied with a larger flash organ than males.

Turquoise-winged parrotlets are typically long and weigh about . Their bodies are mostly yellow-green; eyes are dark brown and legs and beak are light peach. Turquoise-winged parrotlets are sexually dimorphic: males have bright turquoise feathers on their lower backs and rumps, and have purple-blue underwing coverts and axillaries. Females have no blue markings, but their foreheads and faces are brighter yellow-green than males'.

Ekembo is distinguished from other early Miocene catarrhines on the basis of dental and mandibular morphology. The molars of Ekembo are more rounded or bunodont than those of Proconsul and the canine teeth taper to a point while those of Proconsul are more "blade-like". E. heseloni is medium- sized while E. nyanzae is larger. Both E. nyanzae and E. heseloni are moderately sexually dimorphic.

The paradise riflebird (Lophorina paradisea) is a passerine bird of the family Paradisaeidae. Formerly a member of the genus Ptiloris, it has since been moved to the genus Lophorina alongside other riflebird species. It is found in subtropical, temperate rainforests in eastern Australia. The species is sexually dimorphic; the male is black with iridescent blue-green patches, while the female is gray-brown and white.

The mPOA is sexually dimorphic, that is, it differs in function between males and females. In females, studies have examined the influence of the mPOA on precopulatory and appetitive behaviors. Precopulatory behaviors involve several brain areas, including the mPOA as well as the medial amygdala (MA) and BNST. Studies using female Syrian hamsters have shown that the mPOA is important for sexual odor preference.

Adult roundel skates feed predominantly on shrimp (65%), but also take fish (25%) and sometimes crabs and other crustaceans. The diet of juveniles is over 90% shrimp, with the rest composed of small fish. The roundel skate is sexually dimorphic, with the males usually being smaller than the females. In reproduction, the male's claspers are inserted into the female's cloaca, and fertilisation is internal.

Parapoynx fluctuosalis is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is a widespread species, known from Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Guam, Hawaii, Fiji, Australia and the Galápagos Islands. It is also an introduced species in Europe, where it has been recorded from Great Britain, the Iberian Peninsula and Sardinia. Adults are sexually dimorphic, with a variable colouration of the wings.

Adults of H. cordiformis are around wide, with a dark purple, mottled carapace. The compound eyes are on long eyestalks. The claws are sexually dimorphic, with males' claws showing positive allometry, while females' claws grow isometrically; a male's claws thus become proportionally larger as the crab grows, becoming much larger than those of females. The colour of the claws is correlated with both sex and size.

The skin has warts. Hands and feet have fleshy webbing, reaching the tips of the first three fingers in the hands. Pelophryne misera are sexually dimorphic: males have a median subgular vocal sac, a row of yellow or brown spinules under the mandible, and a yellow or brown nuptial pad on the first finger. They also have minute spinules distributed over their whole dorsum.

The Australian chats are small honeyeaters adapted to a highly terrestrial existence. The bill is short and slender, and overall they are slightly more rotund than the honeyeaters. In common with the rest of the honeyeaters they have a brush-tipped tongue. The plumage of the genus is sexually dimorphic, with the males having bright (or in the case of the white-fronted chat, striking) colours.

The pied monarch is in length and weighs around . The plumage is sexually dimorphic. The upperparts and head of the male are black, as is the tail, and the wings are brownish-black with white scapulars (which shows as a white crescent across the back when folded). The collar, which is erectable, is white, and it joins through the neck with a white throat.

Blenniids are typically sexually dimorphic. The males are larger than the females and exhibit secondary sex characteristics (SSC). The SSC are especially seen during breeding seasons, which is typically early summer resulting in a large increase in population in late Summer/early Fall. The male SSC include, an enlarged dorsal fin, glands on the anal spine, and color marks on the head or body.

Adult bugs are 4-6mm long, very slender elliptical overall and have a black base color. The rear edge of the pronotum, parts of the hemelytra, the tibiae and tarsi, and the tips of the femora, are yellow-brown in colour. The species is dimorphic: some individuals are macropterous (fully winged) and others micropterous (very short winged). The two types are estimated to be roughly equally numerous.

Mate quality, not aggressive spillover, explains sexual cannibalism in a size-dimorphic spider. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 66, 145-151 (2011). In H. helluo, females have a higher protein diet when cannibalizing males than when consuming only house crickets. Further studies show that Argiope keyserlingi females with high-protein/low-lipid diets resulting from sexual cannibalism may produce eggs of greater egg energy density (yolk investment).

In the tissue form of P. brasiliensis, yeast cells are larger with thinner walls and a narrower bud base than those of the related dimorphic fungus, Blastomycosis dermatitidis. The yeast-like form of P. brasiliensis contains multiple nuclei, a porous two-layered nuclear membrane, and a thick cell wall rich in fibers, whereas the mycelial phase has thinner cell walls with a thin, electron-dense outer layer.

L. verrucosa grows to a length of about and is mainly black or dark brown with a white margin to the dorsal sclerites. It is sexually dimorphic, with males being slightly smaller than females and having a pair of large, usually yellow spots on the pronotum. These are covered by a thin translucent cuticle and have traditionally been thought to be luminescent organs.Vršanský, P. et al.

Adults are sexually dimorphic. Females are brown with a dark-edged pale spot near the base of the forewings and a pale submarginal zig-zag line on both the fore- and hindwings. Males are also brown with a dark-edged pale spot near the base of the forewings, but also with a prominent dark line across the forewings. The hindwings are orange with dark markings.

The Kihansi spray toad is a small, sexually dimorphic anuran, with females reaching up to long and males up to . The toads display yellow skin coloration with brownish dorsolateral striping. They have webbed toes on their hind legs, but lack expanded toe tips. They lack external ears, but do possess normal anuran inner ear features, with the exception of tympanic membranes and air-filled middle ear cavities.

Pelvis It is known from subfossil bones and the 1708 description of Leguat as well as the 1726 report of Julien Tafforet. Leguat's description was as follows: A traveler named M. Dubois, staying at the island from 1669 to 1672, described them as grey birds with white spots on each feather and green legs. However this could also refer to the dimorphic egret (Egretta dimorpha).

The Page springsnail (Pyrgulopsis morrisoni) is a species of freshwater snail in the family Hydrobiidae, the mud snails. It is endemic to Arizona in the United States, where it is known only from the Upper Verde River drainage in Yavapai County. This snail has an ovate to conical shell no more than 2.9 millimeters tall. The species is sexually dimorphic, with females generally larger than males.

Tropical species may also lose their leaves during the dry season. These leaves are photosynthetic, and produce most of the food used by the plant. Some aquatic species of Marsilea, especially those growing with their rhizome submerged, may have vegetative leaves that are dimorphic. Some of their leaves grow up to the surface of the water, and look just like leaves of species growing out of water.

He treats gender identity disorder in children, taking about ten cases a year in the 1990s.Osborne, Duncan (October 28, 1997). An Attack On Our Most Vulnerable: The Use and Abuse of Gender Identity Disorder. Lesbian and Gay New York He has written that gender identity depends largely on postnatal environmental influences, while sex- dimorphic behavior and temperamental sex differences appear to be modified by prenatal sex hormones.

The low, spreading and pungent shrub typically grows to a height of . It has multiple glabrous stems with light grey coloured branchlets that are a reddish colour toward the extremities and has persistent stipules that are in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The grey-green pyhllodes are dimorphic on the upper branches and are in width.

Stark differences are seen in both forms and conditions of the environment heavily affect the phases of the M. racemosus. Like many fungi, it also reproduces both sexually and asexually. The dimorphic capacity of this species has been proposed as an important factor in its pathogenicity and has enhanced the industrial importance. This species is considered an opportunistic pathogen, generally limited to immunocompromised individuals.

According to one morphological characterization there could be two groupings of subspecies distributed in different regions. The first grouping would be characterized as having a greyish-brown color (lowland regions in middle, east and south of range) and the other subspecies grouping has a blackish-brown coloration (north and west in uplands). All individuals in each group are presumed to vary in coloration and are sexually dimorphic.

Rome: United Nations Development Program: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Though all white marlin have the same coloring pattern, they are sexually dimorphic, with the females usually larger. One of the most noticeable features of white marlin is the dorsal fin, which extends along the majority of the dorsal portion of its body. The dorsal fin consists of typically 28 to 46 rays.

The tail typically has two or three colors. The under portion is white and the top portion matches the back of the mouse with the tip of the tail being black or ducky in color. The body length, tail length, hind foot length and length of many other feature of the male is much larger than the female. This means they are sexually dimorphic based on size.

There was a diastema (gap) between the incisors and molars of the mandible. The lower incisors were broad, recurved, and placed in a straight line across. The p3 premolar tooth of the mandible was present in most early specimens, but lost in later specimens; it was only present in 6% of the La Brea sample. There is some dispute over whether Smilodon was sexually dimorphic.

Austroderia richardii usually flower around spring and early summer (September to November) though they always retain their plumes. It implements a stage of fruiting around the October and March months. All Austroderia species in New Zealand, including introduced ones, have been proven to be gynodioecious. Being gynodioecious means they are involved in a dimorphic breeding system in which male-sterile individuals coexist with hermaphroditic individuals in populations.

Mallon admitted that its small tail was not a swimming-organ. Partial skull FMNH P15003 in the Field Museum In 1990 Thomas Lehman proposed that Anchiceratops was a sexually dimorphic genus, where the skull of A. longirostris represents a female. The other Anchiceratops skulls that are larger, more robust, and have much longer horns that point more vertically were proposed to represent males.Lehman, T.M. 1990.

The giraffe weevil (Trachelophorus giraffa) is a weevil endemic to Madagascar. It derives its name from an extended neck, much like that of a giraffe. The giraffe weevil is sexually dimorphic, with the neck of the male typically being 2 to 3 times the length of that of the female. Most of the body is black with distinctive red elytra covering the flying wings.

Whereas Darwin spent just five weeks in the Galápagos, and David Lack spent three months, Peter and Rosemary Grant and their colleagues have made research trips to the Galápagos for about 30 years, particularly studying Darwin's finches. Females are dimorphic in song type: songs A and B are quite distinct. Also, males with song A have shorter bills than B males. This is also a clear difference.

The front toes are not webbed, but the back toes have webbing between the digits with the exception of the fourth toe, which is unwebbed. Bullfrogs are sexually dimorphic, with males being smaller than females and having yellow throats. Males have tympana larger than their eyes, whereas the tympana in females are about the same size as the eyes. Bullfrogs measure about in snout–to–vent length.

The Iago sparrow is a small sparrow, long, with a wing length of . Its plumage is similar to that of the house sparrow, and it similarly is sexually dimorphic. The male has a black or greyish-black crown and eyestripe, a grey nape and a small patch of white on the lower forehead. The sides of its head, especially above the eye, are a rich cinnamon colour.

The lion (Panthera leo) is a species in the family Felidae and a member of the genus Panthera. It has a muscular, deep-chested body, short, rounded head, round ears, and a hairy tuft at the end of its tail. It is sexually dimorphic; adult male lions have a prominent mane. With a typical head-to-body length of they are larger than females at .

The similarity in travel distances for males and females is unusual for sexually dimorphic, solitary carnivores. As a male needs more food, he will spend more time eating than travelling. Devils typically make circuits of their home range during their hunts. In areas near human habitation, they are known to steal clothes, blankets and pillows and take them for use in dens in wooden buildings.

Comma adults are dimorphic. The two phases are the directly developing morph (summer morph) and the diapausing morph (winter/spring morph). The two morphs are determined by autosomal genes, which determine which phase the adults will undergo based on the length of the day experienced during the larval stage. During winter, the length of the day is short, and butterfly survival rate is lower.

Size comparison of male S. punctatus and human The tuatara is considered the most unspecialised living amniote; the brain and mode of locomotion resemble those of amphibians and the heart is more primitive than that of any other reptile. The lungs have a single chamber and lack bronchi. Both species are sexually dimorphic, males being larger. Adult S. punctatus males measure in length and females .

The role of the horns of Ceratogaulus is subject to much speculation. Possibilities include digging (although this has largely been ruled out by the horns' position and orientation; see below for a more detailed analysis), mating displays or combat, and defense from predators. Because the horns were not sexually dimorphic, their role in defense seems most likely. In most other respects, the animals resembled modern marmots.

Microtus californicus (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Mammalian Species 42: 230-243. They are a sexually dimorphic species, in which the males are longer and heavier than the females of the subspecies. The dental formula of Amargosa voles is , meaning there is one incisor in each of the upper and lower quadrants, no canines or premolars, and three molars in each of the upper and lower quadrants.

The species name paradoxus was given because the seahorse is very different from all of the other members of genus Hippocampus; the seahorse is paradoxical. It is most closely related to another seahorse, H. minotaur. Like all seahorses, this species is sexually dimorphic. It is theorized that the brood pouch is attached on the ventral side of the seahorse, near the top of the tail and connecting to the seahorse's chest.

The adult and subadult golden snub-nosed monkey is sexually dimorphic. Adult males (estimated at over 7 years of age) have large bodies covered with very long, golden guard hairs on their backs and cape area. The crest is medium brown while the back, crown to nape, arms and outer thighs are deep brown. The brown crest also contains physically upright hairs, which the shape are useful for individual identification.

The brush-tailed mulgara (Dasycercus blythi), previously the mulgara Dasycercus cristicauda is a medium sized carnivorous Australian marsupial species weighing approximately 100 g . The brush-tailed mulgara is sexually dimorphic with males being much larger than females. Their body length is 12 to 17 cm, and tail length is 6 - 10 cm. They store fat in their tail which at times can be over 1.6 cm wide at the base.

Male Indian leopards grow to between and in body size with a to long tail and weigh between . Females are smaller, growing to between and in body size with a to long tail, and weigh between . Sexually dimorphic, males are larger and heavier than females. The largest wild individual appears to have been a male man-eater that was shot in the Dhadhol area of Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh in 2016.

It is sexually dimorphic with the females sporting more subtle plumage. An intriguing dark morph of the mourning wheatear (the so-called basalt wheatear) occurs in the basalt desert of northeast Jordan. The north African subspecies halophila, considered by some to be a separate species, western mourning wheatear, occurs from Morocco east to western Egypt. The Egyptian populations are discussed in Baha El Din and Baha El Din (2000).

As for other lambeosaurines, it is believed that the cranial crest of Parasaurolophus changed with age and was a sexually dimorphic characteristic in adults. James Hopson, one of the first researchers to describe lambeosaurine crests in terms of such distinctions, suggested that P. cyrtocristatus, with its small crest, was the female form of P. tubicen. Thomas Williamson suggested it was the juvenile form. Neither hypothesis became widely accepted.

Common eland bull Two common eland drinking at the Chudop waterhole at Etosha National Park in Namibia Common elands are spiral-horned antelopes. They are sexually dimorphic, with females being smaller than the males. Females weigh , measure from the snout to the base of the tail and stand at the shoulder. Bulls weigh , are from the snout to the base of the tail and stand at the shoulder.

The Andean negrito is around long, with males being slightly larger. It is sexually dimorphic in its plumage; males having black plumage with a rufous back and silvery-white flight feathers (that area only noticeable in flight). The female has a rufous back as well but the undersides and head are sooty and the upperparts are blackish brown. The throat is whitish and the breast tinged with dull rufous.

Euborellia brunneri is apterous and sexually dimorphic in terms of size. It is native to coastal regions of eastern Australia; specifically, it occurs in the states of Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, New South Wales, and Queensland. E. brunneri tends to keep hidden beneath plant detritus and other debris where it is dark and damp. Individuals are mostly nocturnal and solitary, but may occur in abundance when habitat conditions are suitable.

The brownback salamander is so-named for its brown color, which is in contrast with the yellow hue of southern two- lined salamanders. Members of the species are typically 30–40 mm. Males and females are sexually dimorphic in head shape with the males having broader heads. Males of the brownback salamander do not possess cirri, which distinguishes this species from other brook salamanders including the southern two-lined salamander.

Sinibotys butleri is a snout moth in the subfamily Pyraustinae in the family Crambidae. It was described in the genus Crocidophora by Richard South in 1901 based on a single female imago collected in Ningbo in China's Zhejiang province. The species is sexually dimorphic, with females exhibiting shorter, less pointed forewings than the males. The imagines and genitalia of the species are illustrated in Lee et al. (2018).

Many species of tortoises are sexually dimorphic, though the differences between males and females vary from species to species. In some species, males have a longer, more protruding neck plate than their female counterparts, while in others, the claws are longer on the females. The male plastron is curved inwards to aid reproduction. The easiest way to determine the sex of a tortoise is to look at the tail.

Fruit bodies of the Appalachian waxy cap are bright purplish-red to reddish-orange. They have convex to somewhat funnel-shaped caps that are in diameter, held up by a cylindrical stipe up to long. The gills are thick and widely spaced, with a color similar to that of the cap or paler, and a whitish-yellow edge. Microscopically, the spores and spore-bearing cells are dimorphic—of two different sizes.

Red-crowned amazons usually have horn colored beaks and ceres but these can sometimes have black highlights. Their legs are flesh-colored or gray. They are approximately 11-13 inches in length from the beak to the tip of the tail feathers with a wingspan of 15-16 inches. Amazon parrots are not sexually dimorphic, so the only true way to know a parrot's sex is by genetic testing.

This is a small snake, attaining lengths of 20–24 in. They are sexually dimorphic, as the females grow larger than the males. The overall colour is a tan brown through orange to red, with large, deep-brown or black stripes running from the rostral scale through the eye to the rear of the head, where they continue down the body. The eyes are large and the pupils are vertically elliptical.

Like many species of the genus Pheidole, P. purpurea is dimorphic, with workers visibly differentiated by head size and shape into "minor" and "major" (or soldier) workers. The head of the major worker can be as much as twice as long and more than twice as wide as that of the minor.Longino, J. T., 2009, Additions to the taxonomy of New World Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa (2181), pp.

There are three anticous fertile stamens, meaning they are on the lower part of the flower, and three posticous infertile stamens, meaning they are on the upper part of the flower. These infertile stamens are termed staminodes. The fertile stamens are dimorphic: the lateral pair have maroon to indigo anthers that measure about long and are elliptic with a base that is sagittate or arrowhead-shaped. Their filaments are about long.

Edwards has credited artist Matt Allsopp for creating the majority of the MUTO's designs. Edwards stated, "The DNA of the MUTO is 80 to 90 percent from Matt, he was the main guy". Others contributed to the design of the MUTOs as well such as Weta, Rob Bliss, Steambot, and Legacy, who provided a 3-D model of the MUTOs. The film depicts the MUTOs as a sexually dimorphic species.

An organism is said to be sexually dimorphic when male and female conspecifics have anatomical differences in features such as body size, coloration, or ornamentation, but disregarding differences of reproductive organs. Sexual dimorphism is usually a product of sexual selection, with female choice leading to elaborate male ornamentation (e.g., tails of male peacocks) and male-male competition leading to the development of competitive weaponry (e.g., antlers on male moose).

The brown planthopper is dimorphic, with fully winged 'macropterous' and truncate-winged 'brachypterous' forms. The macropterous forms are potentially migrants and are responsible for colonizing new fields. After settling on rice plants, they produce the next generation, where most of the female insects develop as brachypters and males as macropters. Adults usually mate on the day of emergence, and the females start laying eggs from the day following mating.

INAH-3 is the short form for the third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus, and is the sexually dimorphic nucleus of humans. The INAH-3 is significantly larger in males than in females regardless of age and larger in heterosexual males than in homosexual males and heterosexual females. Homologues of the INAH-3 have been observed taking a direct role in sexual behavior in rhesus monkeys, sheep, and rats.

Isabela island Female, Santa Cruz island Xylocopa darwini, the Galápagos carpenter bee, is one of only three species of bees found in the Galápagos Islands, to which it is endemic. This species is sexually dimorphic, is found on 75% of the largest islands, and is known for its complex behavior. As the only native bee, Xylocopa darwini serves as an important primary pollinator within the plant-pollinator network of the archipelago.

There are two morphs of C. maculatus, a flightless form and a flying form. The flying form is more common in beetles that developed in conditions of high larval density and high temperatures. The flying form has a longer lifespan and lower fecundity, and the sexes are less dimorphic and can be more difficult to tell apart. The egg is clear, shiny, oval to spindle-shaped, and about 0.75 millimeters long.

Leonardo Maiorino and his team used geometric morphometrics to analyze the dimorphism in Protoceratops andrewsi and concluded that there is no difference in male and female structures. Alternatively, Dodson's analysis of structure sizes in large Protoceratops found that they were dimorphic. The length and width of the frill, parietal fenestra, and external nares, the nasal height, the skull width, the orbit height, and the coronoid process height all varied with sex.

At long it is one of the smaller species of its family, some shorter than the widespread house sparrow. Like most of its relatives, it is sexually dimorphic with males being more brightly and distinctively marked than females. The male Dead Sea sparrow has a grey crown, rear neck and cheeks, and a small black bib. It has a pale supercilium shading to buff at the rear, and yellow neck sides.

Betta ferox is a species of gourami endemic to Thailand. It is only found in rivers in Songkhla Province, where it resides along shallow riverbanks among vegetation. This species grows to a length of SL. This species is closely related to Betta pugnax and is also a paternal mouthbrooder. Males and females are dimorphic, with males displaying elongated ventral fins, elongated caudal fins, and green coloration on the gill plates.

In 2007 it was revised using evidence from studies of morphology, mitochondrial DNA, and development. These studies suggested that all the moths in the genus are actually members of a single species, Probole amicaria, making the genus monotypic. It is simply a variable species, with sexual dimorphism as well as variability across its geographical range, within a single population, and even within a single brood. Adult Probole are also seasonally dimorphic.

J. Bot. 97 (9): e82–e84 full text. Closeup of leaves, showing seasonal coloration The shoots are dimorphic, with long shoots forming the structure of the branches and short shoots being born from their second year onward. The leaves are produced in opposite pairs on long shoots and singly on short shoots; they have a 1.4–4.7 cm petiole, and are rounded with a heart-shaped base and a crenate margin.

The mongoose lemur ranges in size from long plus a tail of . Both sexes are born with white beards, but become obviously dimorphic around six weeks of age when the males develop red beards and red cheeks. The males also have lighter faces than the females. Males may further distinguish themselves when scent-marking territory, as they occasionally develop a bald patch on top of their heads from rubbing.

The Recessive Pied budgerigar mutation is one of approximately 30 mutations affecting the colour of budgerigars. It is the underlying mutation of the Danish Pied variety, aka Harlequin. It is believed by Inte Onsman of MUTAVI to be the same mutation as the Anti-dimorphic Pied (ADM Pied) found in some parrots.Martin (2002) p 259 The Dark-eyed Clear variety results when the Recessive Pied and Clearflight Pied characters are combined.

About 42% of flowering plants exhibit a mixed mating system in nature. In the most common kind of system, individual plants produce a single flower type and fruits may contain self-pollinated, out-crossed or a mixture of progeny types. Another mixed mating system is referred to as dimorphic cleistogamy. In this system a single plant produces both open, potentially out-crossed and closed, obligately self-pollinated cleistogamous flowers.

Sexual dimorphism - male and female Sexually dimorphic, the males have enlarged mandibles and are larger than the females. Although the male's mandibles seem threatening, they are too weak to be harmful. Nevertheless, females can inflict a painful bite. The resemblance of the male's mandibles to the antlers of a stag, and their use in combat between males, much like with deer, gives the species its scientific and common names.

The whistling fruit dove is a small dove (20 cm) that is sexually dimorphic in its velvety plumage. The plumage of the male is dark green with a yellow head and undertail coverts, the female lacks the yellow plumage. They are difficult to see in the forest canopy, but can be found due to their distinctive call, a clear rising whistle followed by a falling 'tinkle' Pratt et al. (1987).

The black- spotted prominent has a wingspan of . It is sexually dimorphic, with the male having black streaks in the basal and median areas of the fore wing, and the female having a large yellow-brown patch in the basal area of the fore wing. The hind wing is white in the male, and gray in the female. Both sexes have the fore wing postmedian line being sharp and rounded.

Primula bracteosa have dimorphic leaves, the outer of which are long and are spoon-shaped to obovate-spoon-shaped. The species have tapering and flat to heart-shaped base which goes into a short winged stalk which have a rounded tip and carries long inner leaves. Leaf blades are ovate to oblong-ovate and are long. The species' margin is irregularly toothed and have rounded tip just like its winged stalk.

Comparative illustration of European badger (top), Asian badger (centre) and Japanese badger (bottom) Japanese badgers are generally smaller (average length in males, in females) and less sexually dimorphic (except in the size of the canine teeth) than their European counterparts.Kaneko, Y., Maruyama, N. and Kanzaki, N. 1996. Growth and seasonal changes in body weight and size of Japanese badger in Hinodecho, suburb of Tokyo. Journal of Wildlife Research 1: 42-46.

There have been several hypotheses made that attempt to explain possible resolutions for intralocus sexual conflict. In one proposition, it is suggested that intralocus sexual conflict can be minimized through sex-dependent gene regulation. By doing this, genes that are negatively selected may evolve sexually dimorphic traits that encourage sex- specific optima. Sexual dimorphism is thought to be an effective resolution, since it can be made irreversible under short term selection.

Only one species, Angonisaurus cruickshanki has been assigned to this genus. This genus is thought to have been widely spread but rare in southern Gondwana. Though few in number, the fossil record of Angonisaurus cruickshanki contains multiple specimens giving it a measurable stratigraphic range. Sexually dimorphic features are found in Angonisaurus which include presence or absence of tusks and difference is size and robustness of the temporal arch and the rostral.

Lowland color form of A. limosus male left, female right Atelopus limosus has two color forms. A lowland color form is brown with a yellow nose and fingertips, while the upland color form is green with black chevron markings on its back. Males and females of both color forms are sexually dimorphic. Males are smaller with white bellies speckled with black spots, while females tend to have red or orange bellies.

Tornier's forest toad is sexually dimorphic and the colouring also varies considerably between individuals. The males are smaller at , with the dorsal surface brownish-red and the ventral surface grey or white. The females measure in length with the dorsal surface rust coloured with a central yellow region and a ventral surface that appears translucent. Females may also have two black bands across the lower legs and feet.

The leaflets are reduplicate, pinnately cleft and dark green in color.Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. / They are sexually dioecious and markedly dimorphic; male plants produce an unusual 2.75 m inflorescence with many clustered branches of yellow flowers with females producing shorter tufts of yellow flowers surrounded by green to brown bracts.

Fossorochromis rostratus is a species of cichlid fish that is endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. The only species in its genus, it is a relatively large (up to in total length), sexually dimorphic cichlid. It feeds on small invertebrates that often are caught by sifting mouthfuls of sand. As for most cichlids, brood care is highly developed, the eggs and larvae being mouthbrooded by the female.

Sexually antagonistic epigenetic marks that canalize sexually dimorphic development. Molecular Ecology 12: DOI: 10.1111/mec.13490 Epigenetics examines the set of chemical reactions that switch parts of the genome on and off at strategic times and locations in the organism's life cycle. However, epigenetic theories tangle a multiplicity of initiating causes and of resulting final effects and will never lead to a single cause or a single result.

The marvellous spatuletail (Loddigesia mirabilis) is a medium-sized (up to 15 cm long) white, green and bronze hummingbird adorned with blue crest feathers, a brilliant turquoise gorget, and a black line on its white underparts. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Loddigesia. It is sexually dimorphic. Distribution of Loddigesia mirabilis in Peru A Peruvian endemic, this species is found on forest edges in the Río Utcubamba region.

It is locally common. This reddish crab is sexually dimorphic; the males have larger claws and are overall larger than the females. The carapace of the largest males can reach , while their claws can span . Like other members of the family, most P. cuvieri in their natural habitat carry an object, typically a living sessile invertebrate such as a sponge or deep-water coral, over the carapace in the small hindlegs.

In the eastern Atlantic it has been recorded from the Cape Verde Islands, Ascension Island, St. Helena, and Sao Tome e Principe in the Gulf of Guinea. This species grows to a length of TL. Callionymus bairdi is found over sandy bottoms but also over substrates of rocky-rubble. It occurs in shallow reefs as well as in beds of Thalassia testudinum. It is a sexually dimorphic species.

The caudal fin is very wide and fan- like. The colour of the body varies from olive-green to reddish, with 5-7 dark brown saddle-like blotches across its back. This species is sexually dimorphic and, in males, the second dorsal fin has vertical rows of dark spots placed in a pattern which form diagonal rows. It reaches a maximum length of for males and for females.

Penelopides is the genus of relatively small, primarily frugivorous hornbills restricted to forested areas of the Philippines. Their common name, tarictic hornbills, is an onomatopoetic reference to the main call of several of them. They have a ridged plate-like structure on the base of their mandible. All are sexually dimorphic: males of all species are whitish-buff and black, while females of all except the Mindoro hornbill are primarily black.

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote with a rigid cell wall and organelles very similar to those of higher eukaryotes. Being a dimorphic fungus, it has the ability to grow an oval yeast-like form at 37 °C and an elongated mycelial form produced at room temperature. The mycelial and yeast phases differ in their morphology, biochemistry, and ultrastructure. The yeast form contains large amounts of α-(1,3)-linked glucan.

The Cotton Patch goose is particularly well-adapted to the climate of the southeastern U.S., being more heat tolerant. They are also slimmer in body than most domestic geese, and retain a relatively good flying ability into adulthood. They much more closely resemble the wild forebears of domestic geese, the greylag goose. They are similar in color to the Pilgrim Goose and Shetland Goose, and are also sexually dimorphic.

The fossil record, systematics and evolution of pachycephalosaurs and ceratopsians from Asia. 480–516 in Benton, M.J., M.A. Shishkin, D.M. Unwin & E.N. Kurochkin (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. The dome- headed/flat-headed division of the pachycephalosaurs was abandoned in the following years, as flat heads were considered paedomorphic (juvenile-like) or derived traits in most revisions, but not a sexually dimorphic trait.

Nymphs differ slightly in colouration with a light-green body and a white-margined black stripe. C. fuscus is a wing polymorphic species. Most wing-dimorphic tettigoniids have a brachypterous (short-winged) form and a macropterous (long-winged) form. However, since C. fuscus is already considered a long winged species, its alternative form is extra long winged, with wing lengths up to a third longer than normal individuals.

Most species of Pheidole are dimorphic, which means that colonies contain two castes of workers: the "minor" workers, and the "major" workers, or "soldiers". The latter generally have much larger heads and mandibles in comparison to their usually fairly modest body size. In addition, as in other ant species, a colony may contain one or several queens and also, in mature colonies, alates, virgin winged females and males.

It is believed that this is obtained by the ingestion of green Lepidopteran larvae, which contain large amounts of the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin. This diet also affects the sexually dimorphic colours in the human-invisible ultraviolet spectrum. Hence, the male birds, although appearing yellow to humans actually have a violet-tinted plumage that is seen by females. This plumage is thought to be an indicator of male parental abilities.

Sexual size dimorphism within species increases with body size in insects. Oikos Sexual dimorphism within insects is also displayed by dichromatism. In butterfly genera Bicyclus and Junonia, dimorphic wing patterns evolved due to sex-limited expression, which mediates the intralocus sexual conflict and leads to increased fitness in males. The sexual dichromatic nature of Bicyclus anynana is reflected by female selection on the basis of dorsal UV-reflective eyespot pupils.

Sexual dimorphism may also only appear during mating season, some species of birds only show dimorphic traits in seasonal variation. The males of these species will molt into a less bright or less exaggerated color during the off breeding season. This occurs because the species is more focused on survival than reproduction, causing a shift into a less ornate state. Consequently, sexual dimorphism has important ramifications for conservation.

S. stercoraria is sexually dimorphic, with an average lifespan of one to two months. The adult males are bright golden-yellow with orange-yellow fur on the front legs. Females are a little duller in color, with pronounced green-brown tinges, and no brightly colored fur on the front legs. The adults range from 5 to 11 mm in length, and the males are generally larger than the females.

Ancistrus males have snouts with fleshy tentacles. In loricariids, odontodes develop almost anywhere on the external surface of the body and first appear soon after hatching; odontodes appear in a variety of shapes and sizes and are often sexually dimorphic, being larger in breeding males. In most Ancistrini species, sharp evertible cheek spines (elongated odontodes) are often more developed in males and are used in intraspecific displays and combat.

Head and neck dark red-brown with a yellow stripe on the crown; upperparts dark grey-brown, spotted white; underparts white. Although the female may be slightly larger and brighter, in contrast to the two other species in the family, the South American painted-snipe is not strongly sexually dimorphic. It has a relatively long, decurved, bill. It has webbed feet, also a difference from the other painted snipe.

In an areole, the nodes are so close together, they form a single structure. The areole may be circular, elongated into an oval shape, or even separated into two parts; the two parts may be visibly connected in some way (e.g. by a groove in the stem) or appear entirely separate (a dimorphic areole). The part nearer the top of the stem then produces flowers, the other part spines.

Hull, J. M., Pitzer, S., Fish, A. M., Ernest, H. B., & Hull, A. C. (2012). Differential migration in five species of raptors in central coastal California. Journal of Raptor Research, 46(1), 50-56. Interestingly, the sharp-shinned hawk (despite the even more dimorphic migration times between sexes) showed no strong difference in distance on migration between the sexes, unlike female Cooper's which sometimes can move considerably further than males.

The female takes over when the demand is higher. Chicks feed off the regurgitated fish in the adult's mouth. If the parent blue-footed booby does not have enough food for all of the chicks, it will only feed the biggest chick, ensuring that at least one will survive. Chick Like other sexually size-dimorphic birds, female blue-footed boobies usually favor the smaller sex during times of food scarcity.

The white-winged nightjar (Eleothreptus candicans) is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae native to Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay, where it lives in open grassland with scattered trees. It is about long and sexually dimorphic, with females being slightly larger than males. It is usually a silent bird, but the male calls during courtship. It breeds in the summer, with the female incubating the eggs and rearing the young.

The genus Berberis has dimorphic shoots: long shoots which form the structure of the plant, and short shoots only long. The leaves on long shoots are non-photosynthetic, developed into one to three or more spines long. The bud in the axil of each thorn-leaf then develops a short shoot with several normal, photosynthetic leaves. These leaves are long, simple, and either entire, or with spiny margins.

The pink-necked green pigeon is a medium-sized pigeon, measuring in length and weighing around . The species has sexually dimorphic plumage. The male has a grey head, pinkish neck and upper breast, and the rest of the breast is orange. The back is olive green and the wings are green with black and yellow edging on the which create a yellow bar across the wing in flight.

The fungus is dimorphic growing in two distinct forms. It grows as hyphae at room temperature, but when conidia are transferred to 40 °C they convert to larger adiaspores. It has no teleomorphs and no sexual stage. It does not have any particular growth requirements in terms of culture media, but it is known to grow well on pablum cereal agar, potato dextrose agar (PDA) and phytone yeast extract agar.

The function of the hooked snout in Proterosuchus is not fully known. The most likely use was in sexual or social signaling, similar to the hooked snout of male salmon. As the snout does not appear to have been sexually dimorphic, it may be an example of mutual sexual selection. The snout may have been used in a specialized method of predation, as it exhibits high resistance to dorsoventral bending.

The crested shelduck is sexually dimorphic, with the male possessing a greenish-black crown, breast, primaries, and tail, while the rest of its face, chin, and throat are brownish black.Beacham and World Wildlife Fund, 1997Madge and Burn, 1988, pp. 166–167 The male's belly, undertail coverts, and flanks are a dark grey with black striations. The upper wing coverlets are white, while its speculum is an iridescent green.

They may not have included hypercarnivores (comparable to felids); their teeth were not as effective at cutting meat as later groups of large mammalian predators. In some localities, multiple species or genera coexisted in different ecological niches. There is evidence to suggest that some genera were sexually dimorphic. Some genera may need revision to clarify the actual number of species or remove ambiguity about genera (such as Dissacus and Ankalagon).

With their single-celled growth habit, yeasts can be contrasted with molds, which grow hyphae. Fungal species that can take both forms (depending on temperature or other conditions) are called dimorphic fungi. The yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae converts carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and alcohols in a process known as fermentation. The products of this reaction have been used in baking and the production of alcoholic beverages for thousands of years.

Coccidioides is a genus of dimorphic ascomycetes in the family Onygenaceae. Member species are the cause of coccidioidomycosis, also known as San Joaquin Valley fever, an infectious fungal disease largely confined to the Western Hemisphere and endemic in the Southwestern United States. The host acquires the disease by respiratory inhalation of spores disseminated in their natural habitat. The causative agents of coccidioidomycosis are Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii.

The mountain bluebird is in length, weighs , and has a wingspan of 11.0-14.2 in (28-36 cm). It is sexually dimorphic in the color of the plumage but the sexes are similar in size. An adult male is bright turquoise-blue above and somewhat lighter blue underneath but with a white lower belly. An adult female has duller blue wings and tail, grey breast, grey crown, throat and back.

290x290px The De Brazza's monkey is the most sexually dimorphic species of guenon; males weigh around 7 kilograms, while females weigh around 4 kilograms. Adults have grey agouti fur with a reddish-brown back, black limbs and tail, and a white rump. Both sexes have cheek pouches they use to carry food while they forage. Males have a distinct blue scrotum, while females have a red perianal region and visible nipples.

The wedge-tailed hillstar (Oreotrochilus adela) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. This sexually dimorphic species is found in scrub and woodland at altitudes of in the Andes of Bolivia and far north-western border region of Argentina. It is threatened by habitat loss. Uniquely among the hillstars, the flanks of the male are deep chestnut, while the underparts of the female are orange-buff.

The bill is long and ranges from straight to slightly decurved, and the lower mandible is pinkish at base. The adult male is slightly larger than the female, but other than that sexes are similar, is a sexually monochromatic, size dimorphic hummingbird. 50px Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Juveniles are similar to adults but duller in coloring. P.c.

H.aurescens ranges in size from 11 to 12 cm, with an average weight of about 6.2g. This is a sexually dimorphic species with minor differences in plumage and bill lengths between sexes. Both sexes have a narrow frontlet of glittering purplish-blue which is underdeveloped in immature individuals. The bill, black to dark coloured is “unspecialised” being relatively short and straight; while the irises are brown and tarsus black.

Monarch flight has been described as "slow and sailing", with a flight speed estimated at approximately 9 km/h or 5.5 mph. For comparison, the average human jogs at a rate of . Adults are sexually dimorphic. Males are slightly larger than females and have a black patch or spot of androconial scales on each hindwing (in some butterflies, these patches disperse pheromones, but are not known to do so in monarchs).

Evolution and Human Behavior: Darwinian Perspectives on Human Nature, by John Cartwright. Bearing these caveats in mind, levels of sexual dimorphism are generally seen as a marker of sexual selection. Studies have shown the earliest homininae were highly dimorphic and that this tendency lessened over the course of human evolution, suggesting humans have become more monogamous. In contrast, gorillas living in harems exhibit a much stronger sexual dimorphism (see: homininae).

The current description for Gandalfus puia is based on six specimens collected in 2005. This crab is characterised by a flat, elliptical carapace that is wider than it is long. Both males and females have dimorphic chelipeds: the right cheliped is stouter than the left, suggesting that it is used for crushing while the left is used for cutting. Adults have vestigial eyes, with immovable eyestalks and unpigmented corneas.

Rock firefinches are sexually dimorphic, where adult males have more brightly colored plumage than adult females. Males are characterized by a bright red back and a deep red face, throat, breast, and belly. Females are characterized by a reddish-brown back, brownish-gray face, and a greyish-red throat, breast, and belly. A bluish-grey bill is one of the most important defining traits of all rock firefinches.

Males are highly vocal, and their loud, piercing whistle is frequently heard. It is strongly sexually dimorphic. Except for a bright yellow wing-speculum, males are superficially similar to the male common blackbird, while the far less conspicuous females are overall olive. The female resemble both sexes of the only other member of the genus, the grey- winged cotinga, but is larger, has a thicker bill, and yellowish-olive (not grey) remiges.

Cross section of a maize leaf, a plant. Kranz anatomy (rings of cells) shown The plants often possess a characteristic leaf anatomy called kranz anatomy, from the German word for wreath. Their vascular bundles are surrounded by two rings of cells; the inner ring, called bundle sheath cells, contains starch-rich chloroplasts lacking grana, which differ from those in mesophyll cells present as the outer ring. Hence, the chloroplasts are called dimorphic.

The Hispaniolan masked curly-tailed lizard (Leiocephalus personatus) is a lizard species from the family of curly-tailed lizard (Leiocephalidae). It is also known as the Haitian curlytail lizard and the green-legged curly-tail. The species is sexually dimorphic with the males being considerably larger with impressive red markings on the head around the lower jaw. Females are much smaller and are brown in colour with lighter stripes running down the flanks.

In monogamous species, where male individuals mate with a single female partner, males typically do not have distinctive dimorphic characteristics such as colored feathers, but they still tend to be larger in size compared to females. The suborder Charadrii displays the widest range of sexual dimorphisms seen in the order Charadriiformes.Székely, Tamás, John D. Reynolds, and Jordi Figuerola. 2000. Sexual Size Dimorphism In Shorebirds, Gulls, And Alcids: The Influence Of Sexual And Natural Selection.

Ranging from 20 to 24 cm long and weighing around 55 g, the parrot is sexually dimorphic –both sexes are predominantly olive-green. The adult male has a two- toned band across the face above but not reaching the eyes—ultramarine above and paler turquoise blue below. Its crown is yellowish, and throat and breast pale green and belly yellow, its wing coverts and under wing coverts are deep blue. The tail is blue-grey.

RRN is sexually dimorphic, i.e. sexes are separate, and reproduction is amphimictic or bisexual; both sexes are required. Following fertilization, adult females lay oval-shaped eggs, mostly within the cortex, measuring 66–72 µm in length by 26–40 µm in width that hatch after 4 to 5 days while inside the root. There are 4 molts that occur throughout the RRN life cycle, the first of which occurs in the egg.

At , it is a small honeyeater with a short tail and relatively long down-curved bill. It is sexually dimorphic; the male has a glossy red head and brown upperparts and paler grey-brown underparts while the female has predominantly grey-brown plumage. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical mangrove forests. It is very active when feeding in the tree canopy, darting from flower to flower and gleaning insects off foliage.

Coat color is sometimes sexually dimorphic, as in many primate species. Differences in female and male coat color may indicate nutrition and hormone levels, important in mate selection. Coat color may influence the ability to retain heat, depending on how much light is reflected. Mammals with a darker colored coat can absorb more heat from solar radiation, and stay warmer, and some smaller mammals, such as voles, have darker fur in the winter.

Males with more exaggerated secondary sexual characteristics, such as bigger, brighter peacock trains, tend to have better genes in the peahen's eyes. These better genes directly benefit her offspring, as well as her fitness and reproductive success. Runaway selection also seeks to clarify the evolution of the peacock's train. In runaway sexual selection, linked genes in males and females code for sexually dimorphic traits in males, and preference for those traits in females.

Male from Contributions to Ornithology 1848 - 1852, Volume 2, 1852 The purple-throated cotinga is strongly sexually dimorphic as male and female purple-throated cotingas have few similarities in their plumage. The male has black upperparts, including the head, wings, and tail. The feathers on the bird's back to its uppertail coverts, as well as its upperwing coverts, have white fringes. There is also a conspicuous white wingstripe and white edges to the tertial feathers.

Tanymatix stagnalis female in its characteristic supine attitude, with the colourful brood pouch visible Tanymastix stagnalis has a pair of stalked eyes, and 11 pairs of thoracic appendages, called phyllopodia. The abdomen bears no appendages except for the caudal furca and the external genitalia. In the male the genitalia are a pair of retractable hemipenes, while the female has a brood pouch with two spines. The antennae are also sexually dimorphic, being prehensile in males.

The mating systems within the genus Ursus are primarily classified as polygynous, polyandrous and promiscuous. Both males and females mate with more than one partner and use various strategies to increase their reproductive success. Since bears are sexually dimorphic, sexual conflict is a primary driving force behind sexual selection influencing intra-sexual and inter-sexual competition. Unlike more social species bears, being solitary mammals, have wide-ranging habitats to locate potential mates.

California sea lion skeleton Being sexually dimorphic, California sea lions differ in size, shape, and coloration between the sexes. Males are typically around long and weigh up to , while females are typically around and weigh up to . Females and juveniles have a tawny brown pelage, although they may be temporarily light gray or silver after molting. The pelage of adult males can be anywhere from light brown to black, but is typically dark brown.

All species in the genus Petriella have a Graphium state, characterized by dark synnemata and round, single-celled spores in the mucus. Dimorphic pore openings produce condia to form mucoid balls at the synnemata apex, which is similarly found in Lectographium lundbergii. The spores are sexual, non-motile condiophores. The perithecium in which the sexual spores are borne is pale to dark brown colour, 75-125μm in diameter with scattered hairs along the neck.

Emu 86, 161–167. In breeding territories, males spend a large proportion of their time defending the nest and food resources, while the females invest a large proportion of their time in reproductive labour including nest construction, incubation, and a majority of the nestling care.Clarke, R. H., and M. F. Clarke (1999) The social organization of a sexually dimorphic honeyeater: the Crescent Honeyeater Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera, at Wilsons Promontory, Victoria. Austral Ecology 24(6), 644–654.

Some arboreal mammals, notably primates and marsupials, have shades of violet, green, or blue skin on parts of their bodies, indicating some distinct advantage in their largely arboreal habitat due to convergent evolution. The green coloration of sloths, however, is the result of a symbiotic relationship with algae. Coat color is sometimes sexually dimorphic, as in many primate species. Coat color may influence the ability to retain heat, depending on how much light is reflected.

The dorsal fur of Chlorocebus monkeys varies by species from pale yellow through grey-green brown to dark brown, while the lower portion and the hair ring around the face is a whitish yellow. The face, hands, and feet are hairless and black, although their abdominal skin is bluish. Males have a blue scrotum and red penis. The monkeys are sexually dimorphic, wild adult males range from and females are , including a tail measuring .

Doi Ang Khang Mountain - Thailand Illustration of a male P. a. aeralatus Blyth's shrike-babbler is sexually dimorphic. There are many variations between the populations and some are more distinctive than others but they may not be easy to diagnose in the field. In general appearance it is very similar to the Himalayan shrike-babbler but all subspecies with the exception of validirostris have the tertials of males partly coloured rufous and partly fulvous.

In the Aliens vs. Predator novel series (based on the Dark Horse Comics) by David Bischoff, Steve and Stephani Perry, the Predators, known in the series as "yautja," are depicted as living in a matriarchal clan-based society bearing similarities to a pack mentality whose strongest and most skilled of the group lead. The Predators are portrayed as sexually dimorphic mammals. The females are larger and stronger than males,Aliens vs Predator: Prey p.

In pinnipeds the teeth are homodont as they have evolved to grasp or to catch fish, and the cheek teeth are often lost. In bears and raccoons the carnassial pair is secondarily reduced. The skulls are heavily built with a strong zygomatic arch. Often a sagittal crest is present, sometimes more evident in sexual dimorphic species like sea lions and fur seals, though it has also been greatly reduced seen in some small carnivorans.

The body colour of Oxyopes lineatus is yellowish to light- brown with a pattern of white markings. Like most spiders the species is sexually dimorphic, the males being distinctly smaller than the females. The body length of the adult male is about 4–5 mm, while that of the female is 6–8 mm. They have eight eyes in total, a pair of two large eyes in front and below them a smaller pair.

They are sexually dimorphic, the females resemble pipefish but the males have large bellies and bear more resemblance to sea horses. They grow to a maximum length of . A breviperula was previously thought to be a synonym of Acentronura tentaculata but is now considered to be a valid species with A. tenticulata restricted to the Red Sea. In Australia A. berviperula is a listed Marine Species under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.

They are a mid-sized angelfish reaching a maximum of 7in/18 cm at adulthood. Genicanthus bellus are sexually dimorphic, meaning the appearance between males and females is discernible. The females will be blue, black, and white to gray in coloration with horizontal black, white, and blue stripes along the body which shift to vertical striping near the head. The males will be predominantly gray with a yellow stripe running horizontally across the body.

These two species can be separated from P. glaucus by size; P. canadensis is smaller and P. appalachiensis is larger. These two also have a solid yellow bar along the margin of the ventral forewing. P. canadensis females are not dimorphic, and P. appalachiensis females are rarely black. Similar species for the dark P. glaucus female include the pipevine swallowtail (Battus philenor), the spicebush swallowtail (Papilio troilus), and the female black swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes).

Mucor circinelloides is a dimorphic fungus belonging to the Order Mucorales (Phylum Mucoromycota). It has a worldwide distribution, found mostly in soil, dung and root vegetables. This species is described as not known to be able to produce mycotoxins, however it has been frequently reported to infect animals such as cattle and swine, as well as fowl, platypus and occasionally humans. Ketoacidotic patients are particularly at risk for infection by M. circinelloides.

The species most similar to Asplenium platyneuron is the black-stemmed spleenwort, A. resiliens. However, this stipe of this species is darker, and the pinnae are opposite, rather than alternate, along the rachis. Neither black-stemmed spleenwort nor the other pinnate American spleenworts have dimorphic fertile and sterile fronds. It might be confused with a young Christmas fern, Polystichum acrostichoides, but that species is generally much larger and has a green, scaly stipe and rachis.

If added on by one, the angel which is added first may become aggressively territorial towards any new additions. Unlike others in the family Pomocanthidae, the angelfish species in the genus Genicanthus are generally considered to be reef safe.Reefkeeping.com Also unlike most other members of the Pomacanthidae, those in Genicanthus are sexually dimorphic, meaning males and females are easily distinguishable. Fish in this species possess a small mouth relative to its size.

Estuary perch breed in winter at the same time as Australian bass, and are similarly sexually dimorphic, with females larger than males. Females reach sexual maturity at older ages and larger sizes than males. In Victoria, estuary perch/Australian bass hybrids are regularly recorded; most hybrids appear to be reproductively viable. Spawning occurs at the mouths of estuaries, rivers, and streams during winter and spring when water temperatures are 14-19 °C.

They are commonly known as the shore earwig, tawny earwig, riparian earwig, or the striped earwig due to two dark longitudinal stripes down the length of the pronotum. They are sometimes wrongly referred to as Labidura japonica, although said species is actually a subspecies, Labidura riparia japonica, found only in Japan.Kimimura, Y. 2014 Pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection and the evolution of sexually dimorphic traits in earwigs. Entomological Science, 17, 139-166.

Both species of Epimachus are sexually dimorphic. The males of these birds are highly eccentric, with hyperbolically long, saber-like, black tails that reach around alone. They also feature two pectoral fan-like plumes on each side of the breast, which they bring up over their heads during their displays. There is extensive green/purple iridescent highlights found on the head and back of the adult male; additionally, blue gloss is present on the tail.

Clinically, EPP is characterized by erythema, edema, shallow scars, and waxy induration of the skin, particularly on the face. Pseudoporphyria that clinically mimics EPP has been described almost exclusively in children taking naproxen for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Naproxen-induced pseudoporphyria seems to have a dimorphic presentation with the PCT-like pattern more often seen in the adult population and the EPP-like pattern more commonly seen in children, although some overlap has been documented.

Nematolampas regalis, the regal firefly squid is a small, little known species of squid from the family Lycoteuthidae which is found in the subtropical South Pacific Ocean. This squid has a mantle length of 30mm. It may be sexually dimorphic with the males possibly having very thin elongated arms III which are increasingly thread like towards their tips where they do not have any suckers. Arms II are "normal" and have suckers along their length.

Adult female of Apiomorpha alongside a winged adult male on a pin Like other scale insects, Apiomorpha is highly sexually dimorphic. Adult females are wingless, have very small (or no) eyes, and their legs are short and stubby. A female remains within the gall she initiated when a crawler, mating through the small apical opening of her gall. She reproduces inside the gall and her tiny offspring (≤ 0.4 mm) escape through the same small opening.

Tandonia serbica resembles Tandonia kusceri, with which it occurs often sympatrically, Tandonia serbica is smaller and Tandonia kusceri has no ink-stains. Vas deferens of Tamdonia serbica is shorter, delimited from epiphallus, epiphallus shorter, penis larger. Wiktor (1996) pointed out that no spermatophores have ever been observed in Tandonia kusceri, and brought up the hypothesis that Tandonia kusceri and Tandonia serbica could be dimorphic forms of the same species in different stages of sexual activity.

The scarlet-backed flowerpecker (Dicaeum cruentatum) is a species of passerine bird in the flowerpecker family Dicaeidae. Sexually dimorphic, the male has navy blue upperparts with a bright red streak down its back from its crown to its tail coverts, while the female and juvenile are predominantly olive green. It is found in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and occasionally gardens in a number of countries throughout South and East Asia.

The pectoral fins are large and broad; the pelvic and anal fins are much smaller but larger than the second dorsal fin. The caudal fin is almost as long as the rest of the body, with a barely developed lower lobe and a strong ventral notch near the tip of the upper lobe. The zebra shark attains a length of , with an unsubstantiated record of . Males and females are not dimorphic in size.

The Dire Wraiths are Skrullian Deviants engineered by the starfaring Celestials. The Wraiths have both reptilian and mammal-like traits. The females lay eggs and lactate. In-universe, most characters consider Wraiths to be sexually dimorphic, but it is stated within the comics that all Wraiths actually have the same form, but the males are so ashamed of their true form that they use their shapeshifting abilities to constantly appear in their transitory forms.

The Cosmophasis umbratica displays dimorphic behavior when under observation with a UV light. The male species delineate Ultraviolet light (<400 nm) on the entire body; however, females do not reflect UV light on parts of the body at all. With that being said, this is a perfect example of sexual signaling. However, besides that, there is not much more information on the role of UV light and how that influences the female in mating preference.

Lacertids are remarkably similar in form, with slender bodies and long tails, but have highly varied patterns and colours, even within the same species. Their scales are large on the head, which often also has osteoderms, small and granular on the back, and rectangular on the underside. Most species are sexually dimorphic, with the males and females having different patterns. At least eight species from the Caucasus are parthenogenetic,Darevskii IS. 1967.

Maximum total length is around .About Badis badisThe length of Badis badis are some record in some countries It is sexually dimorphic, with males growing larger and being more colorful, especially when excited, compared to females. Adult males have blue fins and may display dark vertical bands on the flanks, while the smaller females display little color. Several similar relatives, now recognized as separate Badis species, have historically been confused with Badis badis.

The species reaches a length of 8–9 cm. It is sexually dimorphic, with the male having black upper- and underparts, dark blue tail coverts, and a violet-blue throat and undertail-coverts. The female is bronze-green above, bluish-green on rump and uppertail-coverts, golden-green underparts and a pale blue chin. Both sexes have a straight black bill, a forked tail and white pufflegs, from which the common name is derived.

Females of the whinchat in Switzerland breed in intensely managed grasslands. Earlier harvesting of the grasses during the breeding season lead to more female deaths. Populations of many birds are often male-skewed and when sexual differences in behavior increase this ratio, populations decline at a more rapid rate. Also not all male dimorphic traits are due to hormones like testosterone, instead they are a naturally occurring part of development, for example plumage.

Mirounga leonina, the southern elephant seal, is one of the most dimorphic mammals. Sexual dimorphism in elephant seals is associated with the ability of a male to defend territories, which correlates with polygynic behavior. The large sexual size dimorphism is due to sexual selection, but also because females reach reproductive age much earlier than males. In addition the males do not provide parental care for the young and allocate more energy to growth.

It is dark yellow to brown and has chevron-shaped spots and chainlike rays. It is sexually dimorphic, the females being more rounded at the posterior. When this species was placed on the Endangered Species List it was limited to a six-mile stretch of the Middle Fork of the Little Red River in Arkansas. The damming of the river to form the Greers Ferry Reservoir changed the hydrology of the river, altering the habitat.

S. siva is a medium-sized moth with a wingspan of about 4–8 cm (1.6–3.1 in). The body is rubble-grey with white stripes on the abdomen. The wings are either ash with mottled brown (in the case of males) and a chestnut brown with subtle white markings in the case of the females. S. siva is sexually dimorphic, so it is not difficult to distinguish male individuals and females.

Nanochromis transvestitus is a sexually dimorphic cichlid endemic to Lake Mai- Ndombe in the Democratic Republic of the Congo where they live at a depth of around . It feeds on small benthic invertebrates. This species reaches a length of SL. Unusually for cichlids, it is the female, not the male, that is the most colourful. The female has a vertical black and white banding on her anal and caudual fins, with a bright red abdomen.

Dimorphotheca is a genus of plants in the sunflower family, native to Africa and Australia. is one of eight genera of the Calenduleae, with a centre of diversity in Southern Africa. Some species can hybridize with Osteospermum, and crosses are sold as cultivated ornamentals. The name "Dimorphotheca" comes from the Greek "Dis" "Morphe" and "Theka", meaning "two shaped fruit", referring to the dimorphic cypselae, a trait inherent to members of the Calenduleae.PlantZAfrica.

These catfish species are small and transparent. The three species can be distinguished by differences in body shape, coloration, and the degree of serrations on the anterior edge of the pectoral fin spine. The three species range from about 3-4.4 centimetres (1.2-1.7 in) SL. Hyalobagrus species are sexually dimorphic, males possess a genital papilla, and gravid females are easy to spot since their blue-green eggs are visible through their bellies.

A 2014 meta-analysis of grey matter in the brain found sexually dimorphic areas of the brain in both volume and density. When synthesized, these differences show that volume increases for males tend to be on the left side of systems, while females generally see greater volume in the right hemisphere. On the other hand, a previous 2008 meta-analysis found that the difference between male and female brain lateralization was not significant.

The upper mandible is light peach with a gray or darker brown base. Yellow-faced parrotlets are sexually dimorphic: males have bright blue lower backs, tail, secondary, and underwing coverts, and inner primary feathers. Females' blue feathers are lighter on their backs and rumps, with blue-tinged green coverts, secondaries, and primaries. Juveniles of the species look similar to adults, but are duller and have fewer yellow feathers and an entirely peach beak.

The equatorial saki weighs between 2 - 2.5 kg, has a head-body length of 39 – 44 cm, and a tail length of 45 – 47 cm. The species' tail in not prehensile, relying on its arm and leg strength to carry itself from branch to branch. The equatorial saki is also sexually dimorphic. It is often confused for the monk saki, but the reddish throat and chest of the equatorial saki set it apart.

In all four of the passerine species that were observed, the more common morph of the artificial prey were consumed more frequently. regardless of the color of it. This study also had a second component in which they allowed the birds to become familiar with one color of the prey, and then presented the dimorphic prey in equal amounts. In this case, the passerines consumed more of the prey that they were accustomed too.

Dissection of thrum and pin flowers of Primula vulgaris An example of a botanical genetic polymorphism is heterostyly, in which flowers occur in different forms with different arrangements of the pistils and the stamens. The system is called heteromorphic self-incompatibility, and the general 'strategy' of stamens separated from pistils is known as herkogamy. Pin and thrum heterostyly occurs in dimorphic species of Primula, such as P. vulgaris. There are two types of flower.

These are territorial fish which are long-live, often over 20 years old, and they defend their territories aggressively. Notolabrus fucicola spawn in the southern Spring and Summer from July through to December, they do not spawn synchronously. Many other wrasses are protogynous hermaphrodites but this species is a secondary gonochorist, in which individual fish change sex before they reach sexual maturity. It has two colour forms, but it is not sexually dimorphic.

Ioras have a pointed and notched beak with a culmen that is straight. The common iora is sexually dimorphic, males in the breeding season have a black cap and back adding to a black wing and tail at all seasons. Females have greenish wings and an olive tail. The undersides of both are yellow and the two white bars on the wings of the male are particularly prominent in their breeding plumage.

Monochaetum is a neotropical genus of shrubs and subshrubs with about 54 species. It occurs in warm temperate to tropical montane habitats from Mexico and Central America to the South American Andes of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru with one species reaching the Guayana Highlands of Venezuela and Guyana. Monochaetum is characterized by its tetramerous flowers, prevailingly dimorphic stamens with dorsally appendiculate anthers, capsular fruits that are free from the hypanthium, and cochleate seeds.

The cape spinytail iguana has a green or yellow coloring when young and turns whitish gray with age. As this animal matures it can be white or light gray in color with black chevrons, depending on heat conditions or even the animal's temper. Males achieve a maximum length of , while females are typically 30% smaller at . Males develop large jowls and a dorsal crest made up of larger dorsal spines, making the animal sexually dimorphic.

It does, however, have the longest forearm length of any species, measuring up to . The great flying fox has a slightly shorter forearm length, and its wingspan is thus presumed to be lesser as well. The wingspan of the Indian flying fox is up to , while the giant golden-crowned flying fox has a wingspan of . This species is somewhat dimorphic, with males slightly larger than females in many cranial and external measurements.

In the bones, estradiol accelerates ossification of cartilage into bone, leading to closure of the epiphyses and conclusion of growth. In the central nervous system, testosterone is aromatized to estradiol. Estradiol rather than testosterone serves as the most important feedback signal to the hypothalamus (especially affecting LH secretion). In many mammals, prenatal or perinatal "masculinization" of the sexually dimorphic areas of the brain by estradiol derived from testosterone programs later male sexual behavior.

The king eider is a large sea duck, measuring in length with a wingspan of . Males are, on average, heavier than females, with a mean weight of for males and for females. An individual bird's mass can vary considerably from season to season—from as little as to as much as . Like all eiders, the species is sexually dimorphic; the male is slightly larger and, in breeding plumage, much more colourful than the female.

Based on morphological measurements, it has been suggested that the Taiwan field mouse is not different from the South China field mouse (Apodemus draco), and should not be considered as a separate species. The Taiwan field mouse is sexually dimorphic, with male generally larger than females (male: 25.6 ± 0.5 g; female: 23.8 ± 0.5 g). Mark-capture- recapture data suggest that their life span may be less than 1 year in the wild.

The species is sexually dimorphic, with females lacking the iridescent blue coloration of the males. The males change in appearance as they age. In its "non-flag" or "initial" phase, a male is small with a shiny blue head and fins. When it enters its "flag" or "terminal" phase the following year, the male is larger with a deeper body and dark vertical bars along its sides, and its blue coloration fades.

This species is sexually dimorphic. The male is slender and elongated with large wings which are normally kept closely folded, while the female is larger and more robust, but with smaller wings. Both sexes are some shade of greyish-brown or dull brown, and the female sometimes has pale, lichen-like markings. When in the resting attitude by day, the insects resemble pieces of twig and are difficult to distinguish from the surroundings.

Females tend to carry approximately 250 eggs, and have a potential fecundity (reproductive rate) of 513 to 1190, while males can have about 95 spermatophores. Eggs are released in shallow watered sea fans, shells, and rocks within small bundles. The elegant cuttlefish are sexually dimorphic, the females have more body weight per given length, while males tend to be slightly larger in size. The females of this species also have longer tentacular clubs.

The barbeled houndshark (Leptocharias smithii) is a species of ground shark and the only member of the family Leptochariidae. This demersal species is found in the coastal waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean from Mauritania to Angola, at depths of . It favors muddy habitats, particularly around river mouths. The barbeled houndshark is characterized by a very slender body, nasal barbels, long furrows at the corners of the mouth, and sexually dimorphic teeth.

Smith et al. (2001) criticized Thornhill and Palmer's hypothesis that a predisposition to rape in certain circumstances might be an evolved sexually dimorphic psychological adaptation. They developed a fitness cost/benefit mathematical model and populated it with estimates of certain parameters (some parameter estimates were based on studies of the Aché in Paraguay). Their model suggested that, on average, the costs of rape for a typical 25-year-old male outweigh benefits by a factor of ten to one.

It is sexually dimorphic; the male is a striking bright red with black wings, while the female is entirely brown. It is more vocal than most honeyeaters, and a variety of calls have been recorded, including a bell- like tinkling. The scarlet myzomela is found along most of the eastern coastline, from Cape York in the far north to Gippsland in Victoria. It is migratory in the southern parts of its range, with populations moving north in the winter.

All members of the genus Boaedon are small snakes, generally attaining lengths of little more than 4 feet (120 cm) in length. Sexually dimorphic, females are always larger than males who attain lengths of approx. 2 feet (60 cm) there is some variance between species and between geographic locales of species. Adult female "patternless" Boaedon capensis Overall body colouration is typically sandy brown to black but green, orange, red and a variety of other locale specific variations do exist.

Cercidiphyllum magnificum is a small deciduous tree, growing to no more than 10 m in height and pyramidal to broadly conical in shape. The tree has a smooth bark. The twigs bear leaves that are dimorphic with both short and long shoots. The short shoots bear large cordate (heart-shape) or reniform (kidney shaped) leaves with palmate venation and crenate margins, while the long shoots have leaves that are elliptic to broadly ovate with entire or finely serrate margins.

The fire-eyes, Pyriglena, are a genus of birds in the antbird family Thamnophilidae.The genus contains 5 species, all found in South America. The fire-eyes are 16–18 cm in length, weigh 25-36 g and have characteristic red eyes that give them their name. They have sexually dimorphic plumage, with the females possessing brown to buff coloured bodies with black tails, and the males being black with small patches of white on the back or wings.

Hamadryas baboon female (left) and male (right) Black howler monkey female (left) and male (right) Sexual dimorphism describes the morphological, physiological, and behavioral differences between males and females of the same species. Most primates are sexually dimorphic for different biological characteristics, such as body size, canine tooth size, craniofacial structure, skeletal dimensions, pelage color and markings, and vocalization.Flores D, Casinos A. 2011. Cranial ontogeny and sexual dimorphism in two New World monkeys: Alouatta caraya (Atelidae) and Cebus apella (Cebidae).

Sporophila is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. The genus now includes the six seed finches that were previously placed in the genus Oryzoborus. They are relatively small with stubby, conical bills adapted for feeding on seeds and alike. Most species are strongly sexually dimorphic, and while "typical" adult males often are distinctive, female and immatures of both sexes can be very difficult (in some species virtually impossible) to identify to exact species.

It is superficially similar to the larger White-starred robin, but has a white crescent on the upper breast, which is bordered below with a black line, and its grey tail lacks yellow windows. Its sexually dimorphic plumage is unusual among African robins. The female has duller plumage and an olive wash over the crown and face. Juveniles are spotted buffy yellow on the head and upper parts, while the chest crescent is pale greyish brown.

This tendency is particularly marked in the large genus Setophaga (formerly Dendroica). In contrast, resident tropical species, which pair for life, show little if any sexual dimorphism, but exceptions occur. The Parkesia waterthrushes and ovenbird] are strongly migratory, but have identical male and female plumage, whereas the mainly tropical and sedentary yellowthroats are dimorphic. The Granatellus chats also show sexual dimorphism, but due to recent genetic work, have been moved into the family Cardinalidae (New World buntings and cardinals).

Like other birds-of-paradise, the western parotia is sexually dimorphic. The male has jet black plumage, with striking iridescent scale-like, golden-green breast shields and triangular silver feathers on its crown. The occipital plumes (or head wires) arise from above and behind the eyes, with three long, erectile wire-like plumes with smaller spatulate tips, above and behind each eye. As with most member in the family, the female is unadorned and has brown plumage.

The blue pitta is sexually dimorphic, the bright plumage of this bird means it is a male The pittas are small to medium-sized passerines, ranging in size from the blue-banded pitta at to the giant pitta, which can be up to in length. In weight they range from . Pittas are stout- bodied birds with long, strong tarsi (lower leg bones) and long feet. The colour of the legs and feet can vary dramatically even within a species.

Some species of damselfly have elaborate courtship behaviours. Many species are sexually dimorphic, the males often being more brightly coloured than the females. Like dragonflies, they reproduce using indirect insemination and delayed fertilisation. A mating pair form a shape known as a "heart" or "wheel", the male clasping the female at the back of the head, the female curling her abdomen down to pick up sperm from secondary genitalia at the base of the male's abdomen.

The shoots are dimorphic, with long shoots ( long) producing structural branch growth, and short shoots ( long) bearing the flowers; this pattern often developing a 'herringbone' form of branching. The leaves are arranged alternately, long, ovate to lanceolate in shape , entire; both evergreen and deciduous species occur. The flowers are produced in late spring through early summer, solitary or in corymbs of up to 100 together. The flower is either fully open or has its five petals half open diameter.

Structural comparison of pore-form α-Hemolysin (pink/red) and soluble-form PVL (pale green/green). It is postulated that the green section in PVL 'flips out' to the 'red' conformation as seen in α-Haemolysin. () β-PFTs are dimorphic proteins that exist as soluble monomers and then assemble to form multimeric assemblies that constitute the pore. Figure 1 shows the pore-form of α-Hemolysin, the first crystal structure of a β-PFT in its pore-form.

Melipotis fasciolaris, the fasciolated melipotis or bewitching melipotis, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. It is found from Georgia and Florida west through Texas to California, south through Central America and the Caribbean to Uruguay. The wingspan is 33–43 mm. Adults are sexually dimorphic, with males having a pale whitish to yellowish diagonal band in the antemedian area of the forewings, while in females the basal area of the forewings is light yellowish-brown.

Female helmeted woodpecker formerly (Dryocopus galeatus) - now (Celeus galeatus) The birds of the genus Celeus generally weigh between ; the heaviest of this genus is the scaly-breasted woodpecker (C. grammicus). Length, from tip of bill to tip of the tail, is between . They are generally not sexually dimorphic and have evolved specialised morphology to match their unique lifestyle. The beak differs from other woodpeckers in that it is mainly curved, not long and without nostril feathers.

The emergence of protected dimorphism near singular points during the course of evolution is not unusual, but its significance depends on whether selection is stabilising or disruptive. In the latter case, the traits of the two morphs will diverge in a process often referred to as evolutionary branching. Geritz 1998 presents a compelling argument that disruptive selection only occurs near fitness minima. To understand this heuristically, consider a dimorphic population r_1 and r_2 near a singular point.

The maximum weight of adult males ranges from on southern Isabela to on Genovesa. This difference in body size of marine iguanas between islands is due to the amount of food available, which depends on sea temperature and algae growth. Marine iguanas are sexually dimorphic with adult males on average being significantly longer and weighing about twice as much as adult females. However, the largest females are only about 20–40% shorter than the largest males.

When estimating the sex of an individual, this is looking at biological sex (male or female) not gender (boy or girl). The most common elements used for sexing an individual is the skull and the pelvis, because they are the most sexually dimorphic elements. The skeletal anatomy of younger individuals does not show sexual dimorphism so they cannot be sexed. There is no definite outcome when sexing the remains because the traits will vary in each individual.

The tail itself is square with dark sub-terminal band. Square-tailed kites also have a black bill, with a pink base and cere, and short legs and feet which are whitish or cream. This species does not experience seasonal changes to the colouration of its plumage nor is the species sexual dimorphic. Juveniles are easily distinguished from adults by the lack of the white face and their richer rufous colouration (on both the head and the body).

Lilac-breasted rollers are not sexually dimorphic though males may be slightly larger than females. Juveniles, immatures and adults have the largest alula feather dark blue, but the primary coverts and rest of the alula azure. The proximal half of the remiges are also a brilliant azure, and the distal half black on the inner web, and dark purple blue on the outer webs. Juveniles have the throat and breast rufous-tawny with broad diffuse buffy-white streaks.

The original illustration of the dorsum of the prosoma (1a) and the venter (1b) of Ogovea nasuta. Lines indicate Hansen's organs. This species is based on 5 specimens collected on the island of Bioko, in Equatorial Guinea, between the altitudes of 400 and 500 meters. Of the 5 specimens, 3 were adult males, allowing for the examination of sexually dimorphic characters in the family for the first time, including the characteristic ventral posterior apophysis of the male.

From small to moderate to the tallest in the family, the trunks may be solitary or clustering and lack armament. The reduplicate leaf is regularly or irregularly pinnate, bifid, or entire with pinnate ribs; crownshafts are present in some members and absent in others. Monoecious, dioecious, and hermaphroditic palms occur in the group; a protective prophyll accompanies the inflorescence, and all feature peduncular bracts. Any unisexual flowers are slightly dimorphic, solitary, or in rows; all have syncarpous, triovulate gynoecium.

Male in moult Female dew-bathing on a leaf of left Purple- rumped sunbirds are tiny at less than 10 cm long. They have medium-length thin down-curved bills and brush-tipped tubular tongues, both adaptations for nectar feeding. Purple-rumped sunbirds are sexually dimorphic. The males have a dark maroon upperside with a blue-green crown that glistens at some angles, bright green shoulder patch and violet/purple rump patch which is generally hidden under the wings.

The Pacific robin is a small passerine, 11.5-13.5 cm long and weighing 9-11 g. Over much of its range, it is the smallest species of bird. The plumage of the males and females is dimorphic, and the extent of this varies depending on the subspecies. The male of the nominate race has a black head with a white forehead, a black back and tail, and the wings are also black with a white bar.

H. capsulatum grows in soil and material contaminated with bird or bat droppings (guano). The fungus has been found in poultry-house litter, caves, areas harboring bats, and bird roosts (particularly those of starlings). The fungus is thermally dimorphic; in the environment, it grows as a brownish mycelium, and at body temperature (37°C in humans), it morphs into a yeast. Histoplasmosis is not contagious, but is contracted by inhalation of the spores from disturbed soil or guano.

Deutzia scabra (in Japanese), Okayama University Plant Ecology Laboratory Deutzia scabra is a deciduous shrub growing 1-2 meters in height. One way it differs from other Deutzia of Japan, is by its somewhat dimorphic leaves: those subtending the inflorescence being sessile and slightly clasping, while leaves lower down the stem are petiolate. It produces panicles of white flowers, blooming from May to July. The cultivar 'Candidissima' bears double flowers, and is taller than the species at up to .

Males stand from at the shoulder, with females at . They are sexually dimorphic, as the females are smaller than the males. The colour of the coat depends on the season - in the winter, it is greyish-brown with white hindquarters and legs, and long, brown hair on the head, neck, and shoulders; in the summer, the coat turns almost completely white or sandy blonde. The addax mainly eats grasses and leaves of any available shrubs, leguminous herbs and bushes.

The majority of linear growth occurs as growth of cartilage at the epiphysis (ends) of the long bones which gradually ossify to form hard bone. The legs compose approximately half of adult human height, and leg length is a somewhat sexually dimorphic trait, with men having proportionately longer legs. Some of this growth occurs after the growth spurt of the long bones has ceased or slowed. The majority of growth during growth spurts is of the long bones.

Guadalupe fur seals are sexually dimorphic in size, with the males being much larger than females, although few specimens have been measured. Individuals of both sexes are dark brown or dusky black, with the guard hairs on the back of the neck being yellowish or light tan. Pups are born with a black coat similar to that of adults. The seals are one of the few with visible earflaps, confirming it is not a Phocidaen/true seal.

Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) are dimorphic: the common morph ('white') is white in winter and brownish-grey dorsally in summer; the other morph ('blue') is light brown/blue in winter and dark brown in summer. The two morphs interbreed freely. Despite the obvious advantage of white in avoiding predation, blue is actually the most frequent morph in Iceland. Elton also gave a number of other examples which he claimed could not be explained by natural selection.Elton C.S. 1927.

A new generation of common tussocks is hatched annually, with adult butterflies able to be found from late October to late March. At the larval stage, common tussock caterpillars are able to camouflage themselves amongst various tall and short grasses which serve as the host plants. This ability to camouflage against host plants continues when A. antipodum develop into pupae, or reach the chrysalis stage of development. A. antipodum adults are sexually dimorphic and distinctive in behaviour.

Small males hide their sexually dimorphic fourth arms, change their skin pattern to the mottled appearance of females, and change the shape of their arms to mimic those of nonreceptive, egg-laying females. Displays on one side of a cuttlefish can be independent of the other side of the body; males can display courtship signals to females on one side while simultaneously showing female-like displays with the other side to stop rival males interfering with their courtship.

Members of Tibouchina sensu lato are diagnosed by a number of traits including pentamerous flowers with anthers having developed pedoconnectives (the connective tissue below the anther locules) and anther appendages that are ventrally bi-lobed. These traits are likely plesiomorphic in the core Melastomeae. The magenta or purple flowers are often showy, and the stamens may be dimorphic. Members of Tibouchina have simple leaves that lack stipules with the conspicuous ladder-like venation that is characteristic of most melastomes.

The beautiful nuthatch (Sitta formosa, sometimes called Callisitta formosa) is a bird species in the family Sittidae, collectively known as nuthatches. It is a large nuthatch, measuring in length, that is not sexually dimorphic. Its coloration and markings are dramatic, the upper parts being black and azure, streaked with white and pale blue on the head and lined with the same colors on the wing feathers. The underparts are orange, and the eyebrow and throat are ochre.

Large individuals have smaller feet in relation to their hindlimbs than small individuals, while small individuals have proportionally shorter forelimbs relative to their hindlimbs. Liushusaurus may have been sexually dimorphic, as specimens have been found with possible post-cloacal bones that would indicate they are males. These bones are seen in some living lizards such as gekkotans. Specimens with these bones tend to be the largest individuals, suggesting that males may have been larger than females.

Seothyra, commonly known as the buckspoor spiders, buck spoor spiders or just spoor spiders, belong to a sand-dwelling, burrowing genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Eresidae. The 13 species are endemic to the arid, sandy flats and semistabilized red dunes of southern Africa. They are sexually dimorphic. The tiny males, which are seldom seen, imitate sugar ants or velvet ants in their appearance and habits, while the females hide in and hunt from their characteristic burrows.

Alcolapia grahami is sexually dimorphic, the mature females are golden in colour while the males have pale blue flanks. In the mature males the sides of the mouth have swollen, brilliant white patches and blue iridescent spots on their scales. The males' genital papillae are obvious, conical in shale and bright yellow, thise of the fames are swollen. The breeding male has a very dark, black bar through its eyes and this is duller in females.

In this genus we see a mating system that consists not only of male contests but also of direct female choice as well. There is also sexual dimorphism seen during the breeding season. In P. martensi, the females retain their brownish pale colour to remain cryptic, whereas the courting males will have blue fins, a blue strip on the dorsal fin and a dark body. Sexually selected dimorphic traits also extends to distinctions in behaviour traits.

The yellow-hooded blackbird (Chrysomus icterocephalus) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is found in grassy and brush areas near water in northern South America, and is generally fairly common. It is sexually dimorphic, and the genders resemble the respective genders of the larger yellow-headed blackbird of North America, though the male yellow-hooded blackbird lacks white in the wings. In 2007, one was found in the Darien Lowlands of Panama.

Onuf's nucleus is sexually dimorphic, meaning that there are differences in Onuf's nucleus between males and females of the same species. Sexual dimorphism of Onuf's nucleus has been found in dogs, monkeys, and humans. Males of these species have more of these motoneurons than do their female counterparts. It has also been shown that the sex differences in Onuf's nucleus can be reduced (or in some cases eliminated) by exposing a prenatal female to high levels of androgen.

The black partridge (Melanoperdix niger), also known as the black wood partridge, is a small (up to 27 cm long) partridge with a thick bill, grey legs and dark brown iris. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Melanoperdix. The black partridge is sexually dimorphic. The male has entirely glossy black plumage and a black bill, while the female is generally a chestnut-brown bird with a whitish throat and belly and a dark horn-colored bill.

The Cape parrot is a short-tailed moderately large bird with a very large beak used to crack all sorts of hard nuts and fruit kernels, especially those of African yellowwood trees (Podocarpus spp.). This contrasts with the closely related savanna species (Poicephalus fuscicollis) which feeds on and a wide variety of tropical woodland trees such as marula, Commiphora spp. and Terminalia spp. These species are sexually dimorphic, with females typically sporting an orange frontal patch on the forehead.

The male and female brains show some differences in internal structure. One difference is the proportions of white matter relative to grey matter. Structural brain differences usually correspond to sexually dimorphic attributes that bring about functional brain differences. On average, female brains have a larger ratio of grey matter to the white matter than males (particularly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus), even when sex-differences in the total intracranial volume are taken into consideration.

As in other Hemideina spp. spines are present on the hind legs which function in defense. Morphometric analysis of spination patterns has shown that both H. thoracica and H. crassidens lack the mid-tibial ‘1/3 back’ spine which differentiates these species from all other Hemideina spp.. Hemideina thoracica has the thinnest femur and tibia compared with all other New Zealand tree wētā (Hemideina spp). Adults are sexually dimorphic with males having enlarged mandibles used for fighting other males.

The teeth are sexually dimorphic; those of adult males are spear-shaped with long, sharp cusps, while those of females and juveniles are plate-like with short posterior cusps. The pelvic fins are deeply incised, with the anterior lobe moderately long and slender and the posterior lobe broadly rounded. The tail is narrow, tapering gradually to a very slender tip and bearing two small dorsal fins near the end. The caudal fin is reduced to minute lobes.

Restoration Eudimorphodon was a small pterosaur, being in length, and weighing no more than . Its fourth finger had a very large size, and attached to the membrane making up the wing. Eudimorphodon showed a strong differentiation of the teeth, hence its name, which is derived from ancient Greek for "true dimorphic tooth". It also possessed a large number of these teeth, a total of 110 of them densely packed into a jaw only six centimeters long.

CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), The average weight of four unsexed Australian pelicans was , making this the heaviest Australian flying bird species on average, although the male of the more sexually dimorphic Australian bustard weighs a bit more at average and maximum weights (both birds are, of course, much smaller than the cassowary and emu).Marchant, S., & Higgins, P. J. (1990). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic birds. Vol.

Blastomycosis is caused by the dimorphic microfungus Blastomyces dermatitidis, a member of the phylum Ascomycota in the family Ajellomycetaceae. It has been recognised as the asexual state of Ajellomyces dermatitidis. In endemic areas, the fungus lives in soil and rotten wood near lakes and rivers. Although it has never been directly observed growing in nature, it is thought to grow there as a cottony white mold, similar to the growth seen in artificial culture at 25 °C.

The species is sexually dimorphic in that the female does not have such prominent bone fangs. It becomes sexually mature while its body is still not fully developed; scientists speculate that this may happen because younger fish were more successful reproductively. Ichthyologist Dr Ralf Britz, who named the fish after Bram Stoker's character Count Dracula, stated that the dracula fish "is one of the most extraordinary vertebrates discovered in the last few decades."Devlin, Kate (2009-03-11).

Male (above) and female, by Louis Agassiz Fuertes Bachman's warbler is a sexually dimorphic species and the adults have two distinct plumages, one for the spring and one for the fall. In the spring, adult males have a yellow forehead, supraloral, and supercilium. The area below the bird's eye is yellow, while the lores are a dusky olive. The bird's forecrown is black with gray at the edges, while the rear crown and nape are olive-gray.

The plumage is thick, providing insulation in the bird's cold native habitat. Like most corvids, Canada jays are not sexually dimorphic, but males are slightly larger than females. Juveniles are initially coloured very dark grey all over, gaining adult plumage after a first moult in July or August. The average lifespan of territory-owning Canada jays is eight years; the oldest known Canada jay banded and recaptured in the wild was at least 17 years old.

Male The Mulga Parrot measures about in length with a wingspan, and it weighs , the mulga parrot is a medium-sized parrot of slim build and long tail. The species is sexually dimorphic, the sexes differing markedly in plumage. The male mulga parrot is multicolored, from which the alternate common name many-coloured parrot is derived. It is a bright green overall, with a bluish tinge on the neck and above the eye, and paler on the breast.

Indeed, over 20% of X-linked genes are expressed from the inactive X chromosome and they contribute to sexually dimorphic traits. The X chromosome makes a very small percentage of the total human genome and the epigenetics of this chromosome is a major contributor to certain diseases. Thus sex-limited epigenetic traits may have played a pivotal role in the evolution of mammals and other species, particularly as a mechanism to ameliorate intralocus conflict between the sexes.

Further evidence is the battle damage common in competing males found on the larger specimens, but absent from the smaller. Dental morphology also supports sexual dimorphism, with highly sexually dimorphic marsupials, such as the grey kangaroo, having different tooth sizes between males and females, but both sexes having the same dental morphology. An identical dental morphology occurs in the large and small Diprotodon. The taxonomic implication is that Owen's original Diprotodon optatum is the only valid species.

The species is strongly sexually dimorphic with adult males weighing 100 g to 185 g and females weighing 65 g to 120 g. Head-body length of 125–230 mm and tail length is between 75–125 mm. Identification between the two species within the genus Dasycercus has proven difficult with the crest-tailed mulgara (Dasycercus cristicauda) often confused with the brush-tailed mulgara or ampurta (D. blythi). Tail morphology is a primary identifying feature between the two species.

The violet-backed starling (Cinnyricinclus leucogaster), also known as the plum-coloured starling or amethyst starling, is a relatively small species (17cm) of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is the only member of the genus Cinnyricinclus. This strongly sexually dimorphic species is found widely in the woodlands and savannah forest edges of mainland sub-Saharan Africa. It is rarely seen on the ground, but instead found in trees and other sources away from the ground.

Wild male in Peru Pacific parrotlets (Forpus Coelestis) are a small green parrot originating from South America. They are long and typically weigh 30+ grams. Wild Pacific parrotlets are green with a dusty grey cast over the body with a nice bright green mask and a pinkish beak with pinkish grey legs and feet. Pacific parrotlets are sexually dimorphic (You can sex them just by looking at them) with males sporting beautiful blue on the wings.

Messapicetus is an extinct genus of beaked whale from the Late Miocene. It currently holds two species, M. longirostris from the Tortonian of Italy and M. gregarius from the Pisco Formation of Peru. However, a third unnamed species is represented in the St. Marys Formation of Maryland known from fragmentary material. M. gregarius is sexually dimorphic, males having tusks which are hypothesized to have been used in intraspecific combat for mates as in extant (living) beaked whales.

This ibis may further be in competition for food with egret species such as the dimorphic egret. Because this ibis has historically been widely considered conspecific with the African sacred ibis, no early separate conservation measures have been proposed for the former. Coastal sites are generally poorly protected in western Madagascar, although new wetland conservation initiatives now include the species as a conservation target. On the Seychelles, the Aldabra atoll has been designated a Special Reserve.

50, No. 8. Govt. Print. In terms of body mass, two Puerto Rican males were found to average and two females averaged . Although claimed as the most sexually dimorphic subspecies by size, neither body mass nor linear dimensions seem to support this. This subspecies has less mottling than northern red-tails on the back, lacks the white tip at the end of the rectrices and, most characteristically, has a very broad, but raggedly edged, and black belly band.

These horns are pointed up and curve forwards from the skull, with slight variation in size and orientation between large individuals. Smaller and younger individuals had smaller, more gracile horns, indicating that the horns did not fully develop until the animals were mature. Intriguingly, at least one small specimen lacks horns entirely, whereas another similarly small specimen has small but well developed horns. It is suggested then that Shringasaurus was sexually dimorphic, and that possibly the females lacked horns.

67 (2005) 15–25. Concluded that gynephilic trans women had brains like men's, but in a few areas, trans women's brains were different from both men's and women's brains. Several studies have shown that sexually dimorphic brain structures in transsexuals are shifted away from what is associated with their birth sex and towards what is associated with their preferred sex. Found that a sample of androphilic trans women was shifted towards the female direction in brain responses.

Examining fossils of dinosaurs in search of sexually dimorphic characteristics requires the supply of complete and articulated skeletal and tissue remains. As terrestrial organisms, dinosaur carcasses are subject to ecological and geographical influence that inevitably constitutes the degree of preservation. The availability of well-preserved remains is not a probable outcome as a consequence of decomposition and fossilization. Some paleontologists have looked for sexual dimorphism among dinosaurs using statistics and comparison to ecologically or phylogenetically related modern animals.

The following are summarized academic researches conducted by palaeontologists, Roy Chapman and Paul Penkalski. Although these studies aren't conclusive in providing factual information, they do provide an insightful perspective. Apatosaurus and Diplodocus Female Apatosaurus and Diplodocus had interconnected caudal vertebrate that allowed them to keep their tails elevated to aid in copulation. Discovering that this fusion occurred in only 50% of Apatosaurus and Diplodocus skeletons and 25% of Camarasaurus skeletons indicated that this is a sexually dimorphic trait.

Sexual dimorphisms are phenotypic differences between males and females of the same species. The objective of many sexual dimorphic studies done on snakes focuses more on broad comparisons between species from different regions and less on individual species themselves. Size dimorphisms are common in snakes; females tend to be larger in populations where the production of large liters is feasible. Males tend to be larger in mating systems in which male-male competition is a large factor.

Sex-mark: a small patch of brown specialized scales on the underside of the forewing above vein 1, closer to the base than to the termen. On the upperside this is more or less prominent as a small raised spot. Female, India Females are dimorphic. Form 1: ground colour and markings as in the male; the costa of the hindwing on the upperside concolorous with the rest of the wing; the sex-mark of course absent.

The Abyssinian crimsonwing is a small, shy greyish olive finch with bright crimson wings, mantle, back and rump. It is sexually dimorphic. In the males the head and upper mantle are greyish olive apart from the blackish lores, while the rest of the upper parts, except for the short, rounded, black tail, are deep crimson. The chin is dull yellow and the rest of the underparts are greyish- olive, with some flank feathers having red tips.

A characteristic feature of baboons is their long molars and broad incisors. The long canines are evidence of sexual dimorphism in baboon species. Their forelimbs and hindlimbs are nearly equal in length and their digits on their hands and feet are relatively short and stout, making it difficult for them to climb. Baboons are one of the largest groups of monkeys and are sexually dimorphic in body size (meaning the males and females have differing body sizes).

While recombination of chromosomes is an essential process during meiosis, there is a large range of frequency of cross overs across organisms and within species. Sexually dimorphic rates of recombination are termed heterochiasmy, and are observed more often than a common rate between male and females. In mammals, females often have a higher rate of recombination compared to males. It is theorised that there are unique selections acting or meiotic drivers which influence the difference in rates.

The mountain trogon (Trogon mexicanus), also known as the Mexican trogon, is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae. First described by William John Swainson in 1827, it is resident in Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico and has occurred in El Salvador as a vagrant. Like all trogons, the mountain trogon is sexually dimorphic. The male is metallic green on the crown, nape, upperparts and chest, the latter separated from its bright red belly and vent by a narrow band of white.

In water, their front limbs, typically measuring about a fourth of their body length, act as oars and can propel them forward for optimal mobility. The surfaces of these long, paddle-like fore limbs are leathery with small claws. Otariids have a dog-like head, sharp, well-developed canines, sharp eyesight, and keen hearing. They are extremely sexually dimorphic mammals, with the males often two to five times the size of the females, with proportionally larger heads, necks, and chests.

Northern white-cheeked gibbons are monogamous, with long- lasting pair bonds. The ovarian cycle has been reported to last an average of 22 days, and gestation lasts 200 to 212 days. At birth, both sexes are covered in yellow-buff fur, and weigh an average of . Around one year of age, the fur in both sexes changes to a black colour, with pale cheek patches, with the sexually dimorphic adult coats only growing when they reach four or five years.

The southern black tit, unlike parids of the Northern Hemisphere or other local species, is almost entirely monotone in colour and sexually somewhat dimorphic,Newman; Kenneth; Newman's Birds of Southern Africa; p. 328. with the female being greyish and the male very distinctly blue-black in colour. It can be distinguished from the white-winged tit and Carp's tit by having no white rim in its tailHarrap, Simon; Tits, Nuthatches and Treecreepers; p. 80. and is around in total length including the tail.

The ewes can weigh from and the rams typically from , with a maximum reported mass of . The Pamir argali (also called Marco Polo sheep, for they were first described by that traveler), O. a. polii, is the largest race on average, regularly measuring more than long without the tail, and is less sexually dimorphic in body mass than most other subspecies. The argali has relatively the shortest tail of any wild goat- antelope or sheep, with reported tail lengths of .

Singing male, south east Queensland, Australia Rufous whistlers are large-headed and stocky. They have short beaks and long tails (almost as long as the rest of the bird) which are very narrow and have sharp, forked tips. The species is sexually dimorphic. While females are typically dull brown or grey with streaked underbodies, males are predominantly dark-grey with white throats and (in most cases) a black mask that covers most of their head and some of their neck.

The duration of PTSD is longer in women, as well. Women and men are both equally likely at developing symptoms of schizophrenia, but the onset occurs earlier for men. It has been suggested that sexually dimorphic brain anatomy, the differential effects of estrogens and androgens, and the heavy exposure of male adolescents to alcohol and other toxic substances can lead to this earlier onset in men. It is believed that estrogens have a protective effect against the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Woodpeckers tend to be sexually dimorphic, but differences between the sexes are generally small; exceptions to this are Williamson's sapsucker and the orange-backed woodpecker, which differ markedly. The plumage is moulted fully once a year apart from the wrynecks, which have an additional partial moult before breeding.Gorman 2014, pp. 22–23 Woodpeckers, piculets and wrynecks all possess characteristic zygodactyl feet, consisting of four toes, the first (hallux) and the fourth facing backward and the second and third facing forward.

The two species of Squaliolus are the only sharks with a spine on the first dorsal fin but not the second. The spine is sexually dimorphic, being typically exposed in males and enclosed by skin in females. The first dorsal fin is tiny and originates over the trailing margin of the pectoral fins. The second dorsal fin is low, with a base twice as long as that of the first, and originates over the anterior half of the pelvic fin bases.

Only one species, the eared pitta, has entirely cryptic colours in the adults of both sexes. In the same genus, Hydrornis, are three further species with drabber than average plumage, the blue-naped pitta, blue-rumped pitta and rusty-naped pitta. Like the other Hydrornis pittas they are sexually dimorphic in their plumage, the females tending towards being drabber and more cryptic than the males. In general the sexes in the family tend to be very similar if not identical.

Their aerial vocalizations have been described as similar to the bleats of sheep, and bellows. Because Steller sea lions are sexually dimorphic in size, their hearing differs in sensitivity, possibly due to differences in size of the hearing structures. Females have a higher sensitivity than males, perhaps to hear the higher frequency calls of their pups. The Steller sea lion's hearing range also suggests that they are capable of hearing the underwater calls of one of their main predators, the killer whale.

The maxilla of the Rodrigues starling was shorter, less curved, had a less slender tip, and had a stouter mandible. Not enough remains of the Rodrigues starling have been found to assess whether it was sexually dimorphic. Subfossils show a disparity in size between specimens, but this may be due to individual variation, as the differences are gradual, with no distinct size classes. There is a difference in bill length and shape between two Rodrigues starling specimens, which could indicate dimorphism.

The pair bond is maintained by ritualised behaviours, including pair-distinct (female initiated) antiphonal duetting and reverse mounting during courtship and incubation. Operational sex ratios are "female skewed" and probably strongly influenced by predation, with noticeably large numbers of strongly- vocal female 'floaters' and a virtual absence of un-mated males. It is unusual that this sex-role reversed monogamy occurs in a species which is strongly sexually dichromatic and dimorphic, with the males more brightly coloured and somewhat larger than females.

Protoceratopsids are generally accepted as having been sexually dimorphic with respect to the width and height of the skull and the frill that covers the neck. This frill was likely used in mating displays. A larger frill gave an advantage in head-pushing competitions in which individuals would push against each other's heads to display dominance. The frill may have been brightly colored and used in head-bobbing displays similar to those of modern-day iguanas and chameleons to attract a mate.

Giant squid are sexually size dimorphic, with the maximum weight for males estimated at (O'Shea, 2003b), though heavier specimens have occasionally been reported (see #401 for specimen). Similarly, Remeslo (2011) and Yukhov (2014:248) give maximum masses of and for females and males, respectively, based on records from southern latitudes. Roper & Jereb (2010:121) give a maximum weight of up to , and "possibly greater". Discredited weights of as much as a tonne () or more are not uncommon in older literature (see e.g.

Sea lions are covered with coarse guard hairs, while fur seals have a thick underfur, which has historically made them the objects of commercial exploitation. Male otariids range in size from the 70-kg (150-lb) Galápagos fur seal, smallest of all pinnipeds, to the over 1,000-kg (2,200-lb) Steller sea lion. Mature male otariids weigh two to six times as much as females, with proportionately larger heads, necks, and chests, making them the most sexually dimorphic of all mammals.

The seahorse is sexually dimorphic, meaning there are distinct differences in appearances of males and females; most notably the brood pouch located on the male's abdomen which it utilized in reproduction. Males are also slightly larger in size and have longer prehensile tails than the females. In the wild, the lined seahorse has a lifespan of one to four years; however, in captivity their lifespan usually reaches the full four years. Four years is the maximum age reported for the species.

The paradise riflebird is a medium-sized bird, with males averaging about 30 cm (11.8 in) in height and weighing on average 134 to 155 g (4.7 to 5.5 oz). Females are slightly smaller, averaging at 29 cm (11.4 in) and weighing on average 86 to 112 g (3.0 to 3.9 oz). Both genders have a long, black, decurved bill, black legs, and dark brown iris. The species is sexually dimorphic, with few similarities in plumage between males and females.

Additionally, the variation in height between populations and across time is largely due to changes in leg length. The remainder of height consists of the cranium. Height is sexually dimorphic and statistically it is more or less normally distributed, but with heavy tails. It has been shown that a log-normal distribution fits the data equally well, besides guaranteeing a non-negative lower confidence limit, which could otherwise attain a non-physical negative height value for arbitrarily large confidence levels.

Thus "Pied" cockatiels are characterized by the degree of their yellow or yellow-white colouring in these areas. Last but not least, there are the exceptional Clear-pied individuals that are solid yellowish-white or solid white just like Lutino and/or albino but with normal blackish eyes and out of ADMpied (recessive pied) parentage. A pearl-pied cockatiel. It is important to know that, throughout parrot species the ADMpied gene negates the male's ability to display his species' dimorphic features.

Histoplasma duboisii is a saprotrophic fungus responsible for the invasive infection known as African histoplasmosis. This species is a close relative of Histoplasma capsulatum, the agent of classical histoplasmosis, and the two occur in similar habitats. Histoplasma duboisii is restricted to continental Africa and Madagascar, although scattered reports have arisen from other places usually in individuals with an African travel history. Like, H. capsulatum, H. duboisii is dimorphic – growing as a filamentous fungus at ambient temperature and a yeast at body temperature.

Struthiocephalus is characterized simply by a naso-frontal boss in mature specimens, whilst the very similar genus Struthiocephaloides lacks this character. This is consistent with a sexually dimorphic character, as well as a role in intraspecific combat. Barghusen (1975) considers would be more effective in flank butting than head-butting per se. In head-on combat the presumed horn would be deflected by the opponent's head and contact would be lost, but in flank butting a horned boss would concentrate the blow.

The crescent honeyeater measures in length with a wingspan of , and it weighs about . It is sexually dimorphic with the female a paler version of the male. The male is dark grey with clear yellow wing-patches, a broad, black crescent, outlined in white, down the sides of its breast, and a white streak above his eye. The top of the tail is black with yellow edges to the feathers forming distinctive yellow panels on the sides of the tail.

Its long conidiophores are similar to the genus Cladosporium, which comes from the Latin word "clado", meaning branched. The genus Cladophialophora is distinguished from Cladosporium because in addition to chains of conidia, members of the genus Cladophialophora also produce phialides. Cladophialophora carrionii is a dimorphic pathogen that changes states from a mycelial form to a muriform, yeast-like state once it invades its host. Muriform cells are golden-brown in colour due to melanin deposition and have thick cell walls.

The abdomen consists of seven segments without appendages, and a slender telson which bears a pair of caudal rami. Males and females can be recognised by a suite of sexually dimorphic characters. While the antennae of females are triangular and relatively short, males' antennae are long and jointed, and each one bears a complex "frontal appendage", which is used to clasp the female during mating. The last somite of the thorax is fused with the first somite of the abdomen.

European larch foliage and cones The tallest species, Larix occidentalis, can reach . The larch's tree crown is sparse and the branches are brought horizontal to the stem, even if some species have them characteristically pendulous. Larch shoots are dimorphic, with leaves borne singly on long shoots typically long and bearing several buds, and in dense clusters of 20–50 needles on short shoots only long with only a single bud. The leaves (light green) are needle-like, long, slender (under wide).

The heaviest female white-tailed eagles can apparently scale up to and even males can sometimes weigh up to , which would make the largest males perhaps the heaviest recorded modern male eagle as male harpy and Philippine eagles (being more sexual dimorphic in favor of the female) are not known to exceed (the highest weights for male Steller's sea eagle are not known).CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses, 2nd Edition by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (2008), .Šebík, J. (2013).

Mounted skeleton and taxidermy of Nile crocodile Crocodilians, like this spectacled caiman, can hide in water with only their nostrils, eyes and ears at the surface. Crocodilians range in size from the Paleosuchus and Osteolaemus species, which reach , to the saltwater crocodile, which reaches and weighs up to , though some prehistoric species such as the late Cretaceous Deinosuchus were even larger at up to about and . They tend to be sexually dimorphic, with males much larger than females.Grigg and Gans, pp. 326–327.

Viewed from the side, either both the ventral and dorsal margins are regularly curved, or one margin straight and the other curved; with a regularly rounded anterior end common to both sexes. This mussel is however sexually dimorphic. In males, the posterior end points angularly down below the shell's medial line; so that the shell appears elliptical. Conversely, the posterior end in females is widely inflated due to presence of marsupial gills, making the entire shell ovate and taller posteriorly than in males.

A dorsal crest, discontinuous with the nuchal crest, consisting of enlarged, hardened and pointed scales, runs down to the base of the tail. Adults are sexually dimorphic, with males larger than females and having larger, blockier heads. Adult males grow to an average body length (snout-vent length) of about , with the tail adding another ; average body length for adult females is about and tail length is about . Average body mass for adult males is about , and for females is about .

Leaves and mature cones It is a large deciduous coniferous tree reaching tall, with a trunk up to diameter. The largest known western larch is tall and in circumference with a crown, located at Seeley Lake, Montana. The crown is narrow conic; the main branches are level to upswept, with the side branches often drooping. The shoots are dimorphic, with growth divided into long shoots (typically long) and bearing several buds, and short shoots only long with only a single bud.

The eyes of H. heteropsis are dimorphic both in size and in lens pigmentation for specialized vision in the ocean’s mesopelagic zone (200-1000 meters below the ocean surface). The different properties of the squid’s eyes allow it to see a variety of different light sources present in its habitat, primarily downwelling sunlight and bioluminescence. H. heteropsis hatchlings are born with identical eyes of the same size and pigmentation. As they develop, the left eye becomes larger and more pigmented.

Illustration of a female (left) and male (center) by John Gould from Birds of Asia, (1850 - 1883). Bulwer's pheasant is sexually dimorphic. Males have a total length of about , and are black-plumaged with a maroon breast, crimson legs, a pure white tail of long, curved feathers, and bright blue facial skin with two wattles that conceal the sides of its head. Females have a total length of about , and are an overall dull brown colour with red legs and blue facial skin.

On the contrary barbary sheep females may give birth to offspring even before they have gained sexual maturity. The delay in male sexual maturation is more visible in sexually dimorphic species, particularly the reduncines, probably due to competition among males. For instance, the blue wildebeest females become capable of reproduction within a year or two of birth, while the males become mature only when four years old. All bovids mate at least once a year, and smaller species may even mate twice.

Falcons are roughly divisible into three or four groups. The first contains the kestrels (probably excepting the American kestrel); usually small and stocky falcons of mainly brown upperside color and sometimes sexually dimorphic; three African species that are generally gray in color stand apart from the typical members of this group. Kestrels feed chiefly on terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates of appropriate size, such as rodents, reptiles, or insects. The second group contains slightly larger (on average) species, the hobbies and relatives.

Many species are sexually dimorphic; differences may include muscle mass, fat distribution, pelvic width, canine tooth size, hair distribution, and coloration. Primates have slower rates of development than other similarly sized mammals, reach maturity later, and have longer lifespans. Depending on the species, adults may live in solitude, in mated pairs, or in groups of up to hundreds of members. Some primates, including gorillas, humans, and baboons, are primarily terrestrial rather than arboreal, but all species have adaptations for climbing trees.

Larval P. pulcher Like other Pelvicachromis species, P. pulcher is sexually dimorphic. Males have pointed pelvic, dorsal, and anal fins, while the female's pelvic, dorsal, and anal fins are more rounded in appearance. In addition, males are larger, lack the gold sheen to the dorsal fin and have a more elongated, spade-shaped caudal fin. Despite the suggestion in the aquarium literature that the species forms monogamous pairs, the formation of polygynous harems is not uncommon in the natural habitat.

Adult Lasiancistrus have whiskerlike odontodes on their cheeks which are unique among the Loricariidae. These hair-like odontodes are part of their evertible cheek odontodes; they are very narrow, but appear to be made out of the same material as the other odontodes. Their presence does not appear to be sexually dimorphic, although males may have longer ones. In nuptial males, there are fleshy tentacles on the pectoral-fin spines longer than their associated odontodes, which differentiates it from all genera except Ancistrus.

However, the MtF subjects also experienced limited hypothalamic activation to EST. The researchers concluded that in terms of pheromone activation, MtFs occupy an intermediate position with predominantly female features. The MtF transsexual subjects had not undergone any hormonal treatment at the time of the study, according to their own declaration beforehand, and confirmed by repeated tests of hormonal levels. A 2016 review reported that gynephilic trans women differ from both cisgender male and female controls in non-dimorphic brain areas.

Rhynchocinetes durbanensis, commonly known as the camel shrimp and the hingebeak prawn, is a species of shrimp (family Rhynchocinetidae) found in the Indo-Pacific. Up to in length, the shrimp has large black eyes, and features red and white lines on a translucent body. It has many white ocelli (spots) as well as a Y-shaped white mark on the upper front part of its carapace. It is strongly sexually dimorphic, and dominant males have larger first pair of chelipeds.

Females have black scales that protrude forwards and backwards on their middle and hind legs. They also have small hairs that cover the sides of the legs and tan abdomens. In comparison to males, females have larger and inflatable pleural sacs, larger wings, thorax length, and hind tibial length, which are the principal sexually dimorphic body parts. The ventral region of the female retina is larger than the dorsal region, which helps them locate encroaching males that are pursuing mating.

Male at Beale Park, England The grey- headed lovebird is one of the smallest species of the lovebird genus, being 13 cm (5 inches) long and weighing about 30–36 grams. Its beak and feet are pale grey. The species is sexually dimorphic: the adult female is entirely green, with a dark green back and wings, a bright green rump, and a paler green chest; the adult male are similarly colored, except that their entire head and upper chest are a pale grey.

Compared to many other anoles, it is a stocky, muscular and aggressive, although it is a small (compared to Central American anoles) to moderately-sized species (compared to insular Caribbean anoles). Measurements in 2015 found the animals to have a snout-vent length (SVL) which can reach to in males, and up to in females, although most females are much smaller. It is sexually dimorphic, with the males being prettier than the females. The juvenile lizards are also coloured differently than adults.

Coryphophylax is an agamid genus endemic to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and a sister of the Southeast Asian Aphaniotis. Found in tropical wet forests, they are common in suitable habitats and shows variations across islands and are sexually dimorphic. The genus is absent on Great Nicobar Island, with its southernmost occurrence on the Island of Kondul. The Tsunami of December 2004 may have affected island wise distributions in the Nicobar Islands of several species and also their gene-flow.

Being sexually dimorphic, the male of the species exhibits a medium-long, dense dorsal coat of intense chestnut brown. Ventrally, he is lighter and redder in hue, while his tail, muzzle and head are black. For the female, the dorsal area and tail resemble the male, whereas the ventral fur is a contrasting white-cream colour. Facial markings are similar to the male, except that "tear drops" are less exaggerated and spiry thick cheek hairs of the male are absent.

Stygobromus araeus The globally rare interstitial amphipod, Stygobromus araeus, is closely associated with the groundwater in shell marl or limestone deposits. Identified in 1969 by Dr. John R. Holsinger, the 2002 DoD report on Species at Risk on DoD Installation describes this animal as 'A small, unpigmented, blind amphipod. The species is sexually dimorphic, with males ranging up to 0.70 cm in length, and females to 0.55 cm.' This extremely rare species is only found on the coast of southeastern Virginia.

Researches on the ovine sexually dimorphic nucleus (oSDN) in sheep demonstrate that the volume of oSDN varies with sexual partner preference in male sheep (rams). Homosexual rams (roughly 8% of the population) have been found to have oSDNs that are about half the size of those in heterosexual rams. In one study conducted by Roselli, et al., 4 heterosexual rams and 9 homosexual rams were exposed to 2 estrous ewes and 2 rams, with their sexual behaviors (mounts and ejaculations) being recorded.

The scarlet-rumped cacique is sexually dimorphic like many Icteridae, though it mainly concerns size in this species. Males are long and weigh , while the female is long and weighs ; they follow Bergmann's Rule, with the subtropical caciques of the cooler uplands being larger. This cacique is a slim long-winged bird, with a relatively short tail, blue eyes, and a pale yellow pointed bill. It has mainly black plumage, apart from a scarlet patch on the lower back and upper rump.

Drugs and drug candidates in this class are fungicidal against some yeasts (most species of Candida, but not Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, and Rhodotorula). Echinocandins also have displayed activity against Candida biofilms, especially in synergistic activity with amphotericin B and additive activity with fluconazole. Echinocandins are fungistatic against some molds (Aspergillus, but not Fusarium and Rhizopus), and modestly or minimally active against dimorphic fungi (Blastomyces and Histoplasma). They have some activity against the spores of the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii, formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii.

Many species exhibit polyandry, a breeding system in which one female mates with two or more males. This tends to occur with greater frequency in internal-brooding species of pipefishes than with external-brooding ones due to limitation in male brood capacity. Polyandrous species are also more likely to have females with complex sexual signals such as ornaments. For example, the polyandrous Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli) displays considerable sexual dimorphic characteristics such as larger ornament area and number, and body size.

It is sexually dimorphic; the males are more brightly-coloured than the females with an elongated second ray in the second dorsal fin and an elongated anal fin. When breeding, the males develop a red nuptial stripe which runs from the snout to the second dorsal fin. The males are territorial and defend their territories from other males. Over a period of several days, the females lay eggs which stick to aquatic plants by an adhesive thread on the outside of each egg.

Significant miR-873 reductions have been observed in the brains of dysmasculinised second generation males following the introduction of prenatal stress factors. Sexual dimorphisms in the brain are altered and there is female-like expression of key neurodevelopment genes. The common target gene for miR-873, β-glycan, has increased expression. It is thought that miR-873, along with other miRNAs, may play a role in organisation of the sexually dimorphic brain due to a marked response to organisational testosterone.

This moult typically precedes migration. The drakes of northern species often have extravagant plumage, but that is moulted in summer to give a more female-like appearance, the "eclipse" plumage. Southern resident species typically show less sexual dimorphism, although there are exceptions such as the paradise shelduck of New Zealand, which is both strikingly sexually dimorphic and in which the female's plumage is brighter than that of the male. The plumage of juvenile birds generally resembles that of the female.

The spectacled spiderhunter is the largest species of sunbirdThe family ranges in size from the 5-gram black-bellied sunbird to the spectacled spiderhunter, at about 45 grams. Like the hummingbirds, sunbirds are strongly sexually dimorphic, with the males usually brilliantly plumaged in iridescent colours. In addition to this the tails of many species are longer in the males, and overall the males are larger. Sunbirds have long thin down-curved bills and brush-tipped tubular tongues, both adaptations to their nectar feeding.

Eubucco is a genus of colourful birds in the family Capitonidae. They are found in humid forest in South and Central America, and the species have almost entirely allo- or parapatric distributions. Slightly smaller than the members of the genus Capito, members of the genus Eubucco are all sexually dimorphic, have stubby yellowish bills, green backs, yellow to the neck or underparts, and, at least in the males, red to the head. Typically seen singly or in pairs, they are primarily frugivorous, but also take arthropods.

Many of the ducks display sexual dimorphism, with the males being more brightly coloured than the females (although the situation is reversed in species such as the paradise shelduck). The swans, geese, and whistling-ducks lack sexually dimorphic plumage. Anatids are vocal birds, producing a range of quacks, honks, squeaks, and trumpeting sounds, depending on species; the female often has a deeper voice than the male. Anatids are generally herbivorous as adults, feeding on various water-plants, although some species also eat fish, molluscs, or aquatic arthropods.

Groupings of crocodiles like this can include crocodiles of various sizes, but seldom of less than , lest a cannibalistic large specimen launch an attack. Like all crocodiles, they are sexually dimorphic, with the males up to 30% larger than the females, though the difference is considerably less compared to some species, like the saltwater crocodile. Male Nile crocodiles are about longer on average at sexual maturity and grow more so than females after becoming sexually mature, especially expanding in bulk after exceeding in length.Leslie, A.J. (1997).

The frequency of "aa" individuals would increase until the abundance of the "a" resource begins to decline. Eventually, the "AA" and "aa" genotypes would reach equilibrium with each other, with "Aa" heterozygotic individuals potentially experiencing a reduced fitness compared to those individuals who are homozygotic for utilization of either resource. This example of underdominance is stable because any shift in equilibrium would result in selection for the rare allele due to increased resource abundance. This compensatory selection would ultimately return the dimorphic system to underdominant equilibrium.

The becards are characterized by their large heads with a slight crest. The smaller members of this genus have graduated tails and most members are sexually dimorphic, although the cinnamon becard and the chestnut-crowned becard have similar plumages for the males and females. Juvenile becards resemble the adult females in plumage and, as far as known, obtain their adult plumage after about a year. The bills of the becards are grey, and many (but not all) have a black culmen or upper mandible.

Male and female purple-crowned fairywren (race macgillivrayi) The purple- crowned fairywren is a sexually dimorphic, small bird measuring approximately 14 cm in length, with a wing-span of approximately 16 cm and weighing only 9−13 g. The plumage is brown overall, with the wings more greyish brown and the belly cream-buff. The blue tail is long and upright, and all except the central pair of feathers are broadly tipped with white. Their bill is black and the legs and feet are brownish grey.

It has an oval pectoral fin disc that varies from longer than wide to wider than long, depending on age, and a short, robust tail that terminates in a short, deep caudal fin. The trailing margins of its pelvic fins are sexually dimorphic, being more concave in males. Like other members of its family, the finless sleeper ray can generate a defensive electric shock from paired electric organs in its disc. It gives birth to live young, with the developing embryos nourished by yolk.

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is a form of facial reconstruction used to make a masculine face appear more feminine. FFS procedures can reshape the jaw, chin, forehead (including brow ridge), hairline, and other areas of the face that tend to be sexually dimorphic. A chondrolaryngoplasty, colloquially a "tracheal shave", is a surgical reduction of the cartilage in the larynx to reduce the appearance of a visible Adam's apple. Facial masculinization surgery (FMS) is a form of facial reconstruction used to make a feminine face appear more masculine.

Other plant parts like stems or roots have non-determinate growth, and will usually continue to grow as long as they have the resources to do so. The type of leaf is usually characteristic of a species (monomorphic), although some species produce more than one type of leaf (dimorphic or polymorphic). The longest leaves are those of the Raffia palm, R. regalis which may be up to long and wide. The terminology associated with the description of leaf morphology is presented, in illustrated form, at Wikibooks.

The mandibles appear as large pincers on the front of some beetles. The mandibles are a pair of hard, often tooth- like structures that move horizontally to grasp, crush, or cut food or enemies (see defence, below). Two pairs of finger-like appendages, the maxillary and labial palpi, are found around the mouth in most beetles, serving to move food into the mouth. In many species, the mandibles are sexually dimorphic, with those of the males enlarged enormously compared with those of females of the same species.

Their feet are small, which suggests that they spend less time climbing in order to feed and more time on the wing. The plumage of the fairy-bluebirds is exceptional, with the upperparts being deep rich blue. The Asian fairy-bluebird is sexually dimorphic in its plumage, the male being much brighter than the female, but the Philippine fairy-bluebird exhibits much less difference and the female is almost as bright as the male. The deep colour is provided by specialised naked feather-tip barbs.

Polygynous species also tend to be extremely sexual dimorphic in favor of males. This dimorphism manifests itself in larger chests and necks, longer canines and denser fur—all traits that help males in fights for females. Increased body weight in males increases the length of time they can fast due to the ample energy reserves stored in the blubber. Larger males also likely enjoy access to feeding grounds that smaller ones are unable to access due to their lower thermoregulatory ability and decreased energy stores.

Male chicks have less of a chance of survival when compared to female chicks. Black-headed gulls are a sexually size-dimorphic species, so the larger sex is at a disadvantage when the amount of food sources are low. Male birds are more likely to be born in the first egg and female birds are more likely to be born in the third. The position of a female black-headed gull in response to the food available when laying the eggs can predict the offsprings characteristics.

In terms of weight ranges reported, the great Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) also only lags slightly behind these species. The great bustard is also arguably the most sexual dimorphic extant bird species, in terms of the size difference between males and females. Adult male great bustards measured in Spain weighed on average 2.48 times more than females. Going on mass, the only known bird with a higher dimorphism is the green peafowl (Pavo muticus) as the males are apparently near four times as heavy as females.

A female and male pair in captivity to illustrate the sexual dimorphism by size. The tawny owl is a medium-sized species of owl. This species is sexually dimorphic; the female is notably larger than the male, often averaging up to 5% longer and can average more than 25% heavier. This is sometimes called reverse sexual dimorphism (RSD) as it runs opposite of most birds, wherein males are usually larger, but almost all unrelated groups of birds of prey display some degree of RSD.

However, variation in molar size in Pp. broomi overlaps the other two. Pp. jonesi is distinguished as having a more squarish muzzle than Pp. whitei but more rounded than Pp. broomi; however these distinctions are subtle and better diagnostic criteria are needed. Some authors argue for a confused taxonomy in Parapapio but disagree with the reclassification. Since there may be no significant difference between mean tooth sizes or isotopic signatures in Pp. broomi and Pp. jonesi, these may represent a single sexually dimorphic species.

In addition to acoustic signals, crickets use chemical signals encoded in cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC). CHCs are waxy chemical compounds that are found on the exoskeleton of most terrestrial arthropods that protect against desiccation, and these compounds have been found to be sexually dimorphic in Teleogryllus oceanicus. It is thought that crickets use the information found in the CHC chemical signal to determine genetic similarity. In other words, crickets can sense how closely related an adjacent individual is by processing the odor exhibited by the CHCs.

Iridescent male common grackle Adult common grackles measure from in length, span across the wings, and weigh . Common grackles are less sexually dimorphic than larger grackle species, but the differences between the sexes can still be noticeable. The male, which averages , is larger than the female, at an average of . Adults have a long, dark bill, pale yellowish eyes, and a long tail; their feathers appear black with purple, green, or blue iridescence on the head, and primarily bronze sheen in the body plumage.

In both species the backs and wings are green and the tail is blue-grey. In the tit berrypecker the plumage is sexually dimorphic, with the male having bright yellow patches on the face, wing and chest but the female being overall duller. Both sexes of the crested berrypecker are similar, but the species exhibits instead some variation between two subspecies. The plumages of the juveniles resemble the female in the case of the tit berrypecker and dull adults in the case of the crested berrypecker.

The colouration of this species is sexually dimorphic, the males are more intensely coloured having a violet body with a yellow back, the yellow colour continuing on to the upper lobe of the caudal fin and the dorsal fin has a purple margin.. The females are normally lavender in colour and have a yellow back and caudal fin. The males also have two yellow-tipped filaments at the origin of the dorsal fin which they use when displaying. The maximum total length recorded is .

Female at Sinharaja Forest Reserve, Sri Lanka As with other junglefowl, the Sri Lankan junglefowl is strongly sexually dimorphic; the male is much larger than the female, with more vivid plumage and a highly exaggerated wattle and comb. The male Sri Lankan junglefowl ranges from in lengthdel Hoyo, J. Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J. Handbook of the Birds of the World Lynx Edicions, Barcelona and in weight, essentially resembling a large, muscular rooster.CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), .

Buszkoiana is a genus of moths in the family Pterophoridae, containing only one species, Buszkoiana capnodactylus, which is known from Hungary, Poland, southern Germany, Denmark, the southern tip of the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Albania, Ukraine and southern Russia. The moth is 18–24 mm for males and 22–27 mm for females. It is one of only few Pterophorinae species which is sexually dimorphic. Males have a dark chocolate brown colour, while females are grey-brown.