120 Sentences With "dichotomously" | Random Sentence Generator

POLYST conducts IRT scale transformations for dichotomously and polytomously scored tests.

ST conducts item response theory (IRT) scale transformations for dichotomously scored tests.

Their leaves are simply pinnate, spirally arranged, and interspersed with cataphylls. The leaflets are sometimes dichotomously divided. The leaflets occur with several sub-parallel, dichotomously-branching longitudinal veins; they lack a mid rib. Stomata occur either on both surfaces or undersurface only.

Individuals were dichotomously classified by their levels of peer-reported aggression and trichotomously classified by levels of peer-reported popularity.

Diagnostic characters for Remototrachyna include lobes (measuring 2–10 mm wide) that are narrow, sublinear to linear‐elongate, truncate, and subdichotomously to dichotomously branched. Their rhizines are short, richly dichotomously branched. Marginal cilia are typically absent in this genus; when present, they are simple and in lobe axils. The hymenium measures 50–100 µm high.

Schizobranchia is a genus of marine feather duster worm. It is closely related to Pseudopotamilla and Eudistylia, and is distinguished by its dichotomously branched radioles.

Plants consisted of bare stems (axes) ending in blunt tips. Lower down they repeatedly branched dichotomously; higher up they bore sporangium-bearing 'units' in two rows on opposite sides of the stems. These units branched, also dichotomously, before terminating in sporangia, so that there were clusters of up to 128 paired, downward curved sporangia, oval in shape and about 5 mm long. Spores were released through a longitudinal slit.

Dichotomously branched sporangiophores of Syzygites megalocarpus viewed at 100x Syzygites megalocarpus sporagiospores at the tip of a sporangiophore viewed at 400x Syzygites megalocarpus produces phototropic, repeatedly dichotomously branched sporangiophores that terminate in globose, apophysate sporangia. Sporangiospores have a spinose wall, which is rare in Mucorales. Zygospores are pigmented, ornamented, and produced on equally sized suspendors. Due to the presence of carotenoids, the myceliuem can appear yellowish, though mature sporangia darken giving it a brownish appearance.

Different species of Carissa grow as shrubs or trees, attaining respective heights of 2 to 10 m tall. They bear smooth, sharp thorns that often are formidable; they are true botanical thorns, being modified branches, morphologically speaking. The thorns may be simple, as in Carissa spinarum, dichotomously forked as in Carissa bispinosa, or dichotomously branched as in Carissa macrocarpa. The leaves are a rich, glossy, waxy green, smooth, simple, entire and elliptic to ovate or nearly lanceolate.

Fern Soc. 6 (5): 1-8 Erect stems can reach 20 centimeters high, and branch dichotomously. The sterile branches are flattened, and the leaves are 4-ranked. Peduncles are 1-8 centimeters long.

The alpha is useful because not only is it easily calculated, but it is also quite general and can be applied universally - for example: dichotomously scored multiple-choice items or polytimous attitude scales.

When defined very broadly, the group consists of plants with dichotomously branched, naked aerial axes ("stems") with terminal spore- bearing structures (sporangia). The rhyniophytes are considered to be stem group tracheophytes (vascular plants).

Like most other Marchantiales, it has a flat, dichotomously branched thallus, which in this species is pale green, flattened, dichotomously branched, thin, and somewhat shiny, measuring 0.6 to 1.5 cm long, less than 1 cm wide. The thallus margins are brownish purple in patches and somewhat undulate, curling upward when dry. The dorsal surface has a faint pattern of irregular polygons, and around inconspicuous pores to the air chambers below. The ventral surface is dark purple, shiny towards the margins, and green medially.

Canarium dichotomum grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The brownish to reddish bark is smooth to scaly. The male inflorescences are dichotomously branched. The fruits are oblong and measure up to long.

Polyides rotunda grows to in length, its cartilaginous, terete and branches two or three times dichotomously. The branches are about in diameter reaching a uniform height. The holdfast is disc like. In colour it is purplish red.

This siphonous green alga is of two subspecies in Great Britain and Ireland. They are similar, both are dark green in color. It forms long erect finger-like fronds. These grow to 40 cm or more long branching dichotomously.

Members of the genus are dichotomously branched and grow in wide, tangled clumps. The branches are composed of stiff, cylindrical segments and can bend at the joints. The colour is generally red or pink and the joints are white.

Like other zosterophylls, members of the Sawdoniales bore lateral, reniform sporangia. They branched dichotomously, and grew at the ends by unrolling (circinate vernation). Some had smooth stems, others were covered in small spines; fungal bodies have been reported in some spines.

The main stem was 'pseudomonopodial', i.e. it divided dichotomously to produce side stems while the main stem maintained its identity. The main and side stems then bore three orders of branches (i.e. the first branches from the stems divided twice more).

The plants are dioecious, with a globose or cylindrical stem, rarely dichotomously branched, that may be underground or emergent. Several species produce basal shoots or suckers. The leaves are pinnately compound, straight, and spirally arranged. Leaf bases are usually deciduous but sometimes persistent.

As with all species of Psilophyton, pairs of sporangia were created by dichotomously branching fertile units, although in P. primitivum there were relatively few per unit (4–8) and they were somewhat loosely clustered. Similarities with P. microspinum and P. parvulum were suggested.

This small alga grows to 5 cm long from a small disc. The fronds are erect, stiff and branch dichotomously in 1 plane, the tips a little flattened. In colour it is dark purplish brown. The structure is muliaxial with elongated cells surrounded cortical cells.

This red alga grows to a length of . The frond is generally flattened and fan shaped, growing from a discoid holdfast forming a terete stipe with flattened branches dividing dichotomously as a blade with rounded apices.Bunker, F.StP.D, Brodie, J.A., Maggs, C.A. and Bunker, A.R. 2017.

Note the trunk- like basal cell separated from the dichotomously branched branches that will give rise to the reproductive organs. Zoomed out view of a mature thallus of Allomyces strain WJD103. Note the orange-brown zoosporangia and resting sporangia at the terminals of the branches.

It has resemblances to specimens of Aarabia, found in Morocco. P. dapsile was found in Maine, USA. It appears to have been considerably smaller than the previous species, perhaps 30 cm tall, with smooth dichotomously branching stems, and sporangia only 2 mm long. Kasper et al.

Flower of Schumannianthus dichotomus in bloom in the district of Lakshmipur, Bangladesh. It is a rhizomatous plant with an erect and glossy green stem attaining a height of 3–5 m and a diameter of up to 20 mm. The stems are leafy and dichotomously branched.

The foliage is dichotomously branching, with opposite pairs of leaves; these are fairly large, long, green and photosynthetic in some species (e.g. P. leucarpum), but minimal in some others (e.g. P. californicum). Although they are able to photosynthesize the plant relies on its host for some nutrients.

Ceramium botryocarpum is a small filamentous branched alga growing as tufts to a height of 12 cm. The axial branches consist of large barrel shaped cells,Jones, W.E. 1962. A key to the genera of British Seaweeds. Field Studies Volume 1 No 4 which branch irregularly dichotomously.

Fucus serratus is a robust alga, olive-brown in colour and similar to Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus spiralis. It grows from a discoid holdfast up to long. The fronds are flat, about wide, bifurcating, and up to long including a short stipe. It branches irregularly and dichotomously.

The specific epithet is Latin for "having pairs" - a reference to the leaves, which are dichotomously divided or forked. Like all sundews, it is a Carnivorous plant. It is unique among sundews in having narrow, branching leaves. It is the only species in the Drosera subgenus Phycopsis.

The species in this family infect the coelom of oligochetes. They are spread by the oral-faecal route. The trophozoite is aseptate. The gamont is sac-like and extends at one end into two branches which divide dichotomously, forming eight to 16 secondary branches bearing groups of suckers.

Bracteophyton is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Early Devonian (around ) comprising a single species, Bracteophyton variatum. Fossils were first found in the Xujiachong Formation of eastern Yunnan, China. The smooth stems (axes) mainly branched dichotomously. They bore terminal 'spikes' (strobili) consisting of spirally arranged fertile 'units'.

Huperzia appressa (common name, Appalachian firmoss) is a non-flowering plant in the Lycopodiaceae. It has been reported from the United States, Canada, China, Russia, and several European countries. It is a terrestrial plant up to 10 cm tall, with dichotomously branched stems.Flora of China vol 2-3 p 16.

It possesses a whitish-green thallus that measures wide, its lobes measuring between wide. Its surface is continuous, laterally overlapping and adnate, being dichotomously ramified. The species' axillary sinus is oval, it counts with rounded apices, and a black-lined margin with no cilia. It shows no lacinules while possessing laminal maculae.

Crenaticaulis was an early genus of slender, dichotomously branching, leafless land plants, known from the Devonian period and first described in 1969. They were probably allied to the zosterophylls, and are assigned to subdivision Zosterophyllophytina, or class Zosterophyllopsida. They bore branches and scalariform tracheids. A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al.

Thongweed at Rossnowlagh, Ireland. Himanthalia elongata is a common brown alga of the lower shore. The thallus is at first a small flattened or saucer-shaped disc up to three centimetres wide with a short stalk. In the autumn or winter, long thongs grows from the centre of this, branching dichotomously a number of times.

Aloidendron pillansii grows up to 15 m in height. It branches dichotomously, and superficially resembles Aloidendron dichotomum. It can be distinguished by its paler, wider, recurved leaves, and its taller, more sparsely branched growth form. Its round, bright yellow flowers are pendant, and hang down below the rosette (unlike those of the other tree aloes).

Codium spinescens is a species of seaweed in the Codiaceae family. The firm medium to dark green thallus branches dichotomously habit and is usually around in height. In Western Australia is found along the coast around the Abrolhos Islands extending along the south coast as far as the Head of the Bight in South Australia.

Hollandophyton is a genus of extinct plants known from fossils found in Shropshire, England, in rocks of upper Silurian age (, around ). The specimens are fragmentary, consisting of leafless stems (axes) which branched dichotomously and bore kidney-shaped spore-forming organs or sporangia, apparently at their tips. The internal structure of the stems is unknown.

Pseudoplexaura porosa is a large species of coral, growing to a height of about . The colony is tree-like, upright and relatively robust. It grows from a trunk that may be thick and branches dichotomously (forking repeatedly into pairs of equal-sized branches). The end branches are long and slightly tapered, averaging about thick.

The multiply branched fruit bodies grow to heights of . The branches are initially white before darkening to pale brown and umber, usually with darker tips. The stipe is short, white, and shaggy with long hairs. Branches are wide, and clustered and erect below, branching first polychotomously (multiply branched), and then irregularly dichotomously (divided in two branches).

The sporophyte of H. recurvata consisted of leafless stems (axes), branching both dichotomously and pseudomonopodially (i.e. with unequal divisions creating a 'main stem'). The sporangia (spore-forming organs) were born in terminal spikes on fertile stems, with the sporangia spirally arranged on stalks which curved downwards. The central strand of vascular tissue contained G-type tracheids.

Species have upright fruit bodies that are stalked, with several branches, often dichotomously, sometimes antler-like. The branches can be cylindrical or flattened, with a pointed or rounded apex, and the texture of the flesh can be brittle or fairly tough, and in various colours. Hyphae are more or less swollen, with clamps. The basidia are mostly four-spored.

Fossils of Ventarura were found in the Windyfield chert, slightly separate from the better-known Rhynie chert, both located near the village of Rhynie, Scotland. Only fragmentary fossils were found, the longest being around 12 cm long. Stems (axes) of two kinds were found, although without clear connections between them. Aerial stems were leafless, smooth and dichotomously branched.

Deep brown color on flattened rhizomes which are profusely dichotomously branched. Each is attached by branched root-like structures coming out of the sides of the rhizomes. Slender main stipes (about wide to long) come from the rhizome which is up to at the widest. Periodically wide and long flattened leaf-like branches derive from the stipe.

Staging of c-SCLC patients is usually performed in an analogous fashion to patients with "pure" small cell lung carcinoma. For several decades, SCLC has been staged according to a dichotomous distinction of "limited disease" (LD) vs. "extensive disease" (ED) tumor burdens. Nearly all clinical trials have been conducted on SCLC patients staged dichotomously in this fashion.

Codium harveyi is a species of seaweed in the Codiaceae family. The erect medium green thallus branches dichotomously and typically grows to a height of . The branches are terete and around wide and taper toward the apices. It is found in the sublittoral zone in moderate water coasts from the low tide mark to a depth of .

The inflorescence is one to twelve flowered, branching dichasially or pseudo-dichotomously, with peduncles and pedicels long. The star-shaped flowers are wide. The elliptic to oblanceolate sepals are long and wide, with three to five veins and a midrib not prominent. The glands of the sepals are linear below, becoming punctiform in the upper third to upper half.

Ascodesmis nigricans is a homothallic fungus. The formation of apothecium begins with the lateral hyphae which then branch dichotomously and form T-shaped gametangial initials. After the germination, these initial organs lengthen and coil helically to form exposed gametangia. Then multinucleate hyphae give rise to archicarps, which would develop to ascogonia eventually, and antheridia of A. nigricans.

Platycerium coronarium is an epiphytic species of staghorn fern in the genus Platycerium. It is found in maritime Southeast Asia and Indochina. and throughout the East Indies. It produces two kinds of leaves: Foliage leaves which are broad and upright in habit, and spore bearing leaves which are narrow, pendulous, dichotomously lobed and up to in length.

Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, UK. irregularly dichotomously branched Newton, L. 1931. A Handbook of the British Seaweeds. British Museum, Londonfronds with large, egg-shaped air bladders set in series at regular intervals along the fronds and not stalked. The fronds can reach 2 m in length and are attached by a holdfast to rocks and boulders.

Protoxylem occurred both at the tips of the lobes of the xylem strand and in the centre. The general anatomy of the woody stem resembles that of seed plants. The spore-forming organs or sporangia of Tetraxylopteris were born on a very complex 'fertile branching system'. Firstly the main axis of the system branched twice dichotomously.

The flowers are star- like in shape and have five petals. The sepals and petals are spotted with dark dots, especially on their underside, with the petals about twice as long as the oblong and acute sepals. The petals are dichotomously veined and have black bands between the veins. Each flower has twenty stamens or more.

They are roughly flat-topped in shape, dichotomously branched, and bearing numerous flowers. The flowers are a greenish or pale yellow, fragrant, and 5 to 10 mm in diameter. They are bisexual and pentamerous, with the sepals and petals being completely free. The sepals and petals are serrate; the petals conspicuously so, often with each tooth tapering to a short hair.

Fossils were found in sediments in Bathust Island, Nunavut, Canada, from the upper Silurian (Ludfordian, around ). The leafless stems (axes) branched dichotomously and were relatively thin, being between 0.7 and 1.0 mm wide. Spore-forming organs or sporangia, which were elliptical, being longer than wide, were borne on the end regions of stems. Macivera is considered to be a zosterophyll.

The fronds of F. vesiculosus grow to long and wide and have a prominent midrib throughout. It is attached by a basal disc-shaped holdfast. It has almost spherical air bladders which are usually paired, one on either side of the mid-rib, but may be absent in young plants. The margin is smooth and the frond is dichotomously branched.

Junggaria was a genus of rhyniophyte-like land plants known from fossils found in China in Upper Silurian strata (, around ). It bore leafless dichotomously or pseudomonopodially branching axes, some of which ended in spore-forming organs or sporangia of complex shape. The genus Cooksonella, found in Kazakhstan from deposits of a similar age, is considered to be an illegitimate synonym.

Members of the family Melithaeidae are arborescent colonial corals forming fans, bushes or trees. The axis or main skeletal "trunk" is jointed, there being nodes, flexible horny joints, separated by internodes composed of hard, calcareous material. The branches divide dichotomously at the nodes and these are often swollen. The minute calcareous spicules in the flexible membrane called the mesoglea that covers the skeleton are called sclerites.

Begonia grandis, the hardy begonia,Missouri Botanical Garden: Begonia grandis is a species of flowering plant in the family Begoniaceae. This herbaceous perennial has alternate, simple leaves on arching stems. The flowers are pink or white, borne in dichotomously branching cymes from late summer through fall in USDA U.S. Hardiness Zone 7. As the common name "hardy begonia" implies, it is winter hardy in some temperate regions.

Pelvetia grows to a maximum length of in dense tufts, the fronds being deeply channelled on one side: the channels and a mucus layer help prevent the seaweed drying (desiccation) when the tide is out. It is irregularly dichotomously branched with terminal receptacles, and is dark brown in colour. Each branch is of uniform width and without a midrib. The receptacles are forked at the tips.

Dictyota bartayresiana grows to a height of , being anchored to the seabed by a variably-shaped holdfast surrounded by rhizoids. The blades are flat and branch dichotomously. The thallus is wide below each junction and wide just above; the sections are long and have no midrib. The margins of the blade are entire and the tips rounded in young fronds and pointed in older ones.

Thalassinoides is an ichnogenus of trace fossil used to refer to "dichotomously or T-branched boxworks, mazes and shafts, unlined and unornamented". Facies of Thalassinoides increased suddenly in abundance at the beginning of the Mesozoic. Such burrows are made by a number of organisms, including the sea anemone Cerianthus, Balanoglossus and fishes, but are most closely associated with decapod crustaceans of the (former) infraorder Thalassinidea.

Cordylecladia erecta grows in small tufts from a disc-like, rhizoidal, crustose base attached to rock but often hidden beneath the sand. It has tough reddish-brown cylindrical fronds that grow to . These are solid, either unbranched or sparsely branched dichotomously and taper to points. The reproductive structures are only visible in winter and appear as enlarged, spindle-shaped areas near the ends of the fronds.

Magnification of the sporulation reveals the acutely and dichotomously branched sporangiophores bearing lemon-shaped sporangia. Eventually, leaves will turn necrotic and curl upwards. The disease is sometimes called wildfire because of how rapidly it progresses, as if the crop were burned by fire. Symptoms on watermelon and cantaloupe are different from on other cucurbits; leaf spots are typically not angular and turn brown to black in color.

The genus has thalli of two forms, either erect or prostrate. The erect plants are dichotomously branched to long with branches forming a compact spongy structure, not calcareous. The final branches form a surface layer of close palisade cortex of utricles. The non- erect species form either a prostrate or globular thallus with a velvet-like surface, the final branches forming a close cortex of utricles.

Rhacophytales are an extinct group of plants from the Devonian period. The representatives are characterized by a unique branching system in which bi- and quadriseriate units occur which are located in the axils of special structures, the aphlebiae. These are abnormal leaflets on the rhachis of ferns. The appendages of the last branching stage can be dichotomously branched, in some forms they stand in one plane.

Fossils from which the genus was first described were found in the Aberlemno quarry, Scotland. Other fossils now assigned to Aberlemnia caledonica have been found in Wales, Brazil and possibly Bolivia. Plants consisted of smooth leafless stems (axes) up to 1.4 mm wide, decreasing in width at each branching. Specimens branched up to five times, at angles between 25 and 55°, mainly dichotomously, although those from Brazil had some trichotomies.

The thallus of Cladonia amaurocraea comprises tall (15–100 mm high) and slender podetia that are irregularly or dichotomously branched. These podetia have a smooth, yellowish-green surface that is often mottled with patches of green and white. They either form a pointy tip, or a narrow cup that is either closed or has a narrow opening. The cortex contains usnic acid, while the medulla has barbatic acid.

The sporophyte of Wenshania zhichangensis, the type species of the genus, was described from compressed fossils preserved in siltstone. The basal part of the plant is not known, preventing a full reconstruction. The overall height is estimated to be greater than 10 cm, based on the length of the preserved parts. Stems (axes) were smooth and leafless, up to 3.1 mm in diameter, and branched dichotomously or pseudomonopodially (i.e.

The stem has a core of thick-walled protostele in its centre surrounded by an endodermis which regulates the flow of water and nutrients. The surface of the stem is covered with stomata which allow gas exchange with the surroundings. The gametophyte of Psilotum is unusual in that it branches dichotomously, lives underground and possesses vascular tissue. The nutrition of the gametophyte appears to be myco-heterotrophic, assisted by endophytic fungi.

Fossils of Hollandophyton colliculum were found near Ludlow, Shropshire, England, in siltstones of upper Silurian age (, around ). They were described as "mesofossils", i.e. relatively small fragments, the longest of which was only 1.25 mm long, making it difficult to obtain a full understanding of the growth habit of the plant. H. colliculum consisted of leafless stems (axes) which branched dichotomously; those found were all less than 0.7 mm wide.

At intervals the rhizomes turned upwards to emerge as upright stems. Around the region of the upwards bend, horizontal branches appeared at right angles to continue the growth of the rhizomes. The upright stems were generally less than 2.5 mm in diameter; a reconstruction suggests a height of around 20 cm. Aerial stems branched dichotomously in a three-dimensional pattern, with the last two sets of branches bearing sporangia.

The doum palm is a dioecious palm and grows up to high. The trunk, which can have a girth of up to , branches dichotomously and has tufts of large leaves at the ends of the branches. The bark is fairly smooth, dark grey and bears the scars of fallen leaves. The petioles (leaf stalks) are about a metre long, sheathing the branch at the base and armed with stout upward-curving claws.

The fruit body branches abundantly from a thick, whitish stip. The fruit bodies are large and broad, measuring tall and wide. They originate from a single thick, conical stem measuring long by wide; this base is branched up to seven times, and the branches are themselves polychotomously (multiply) or dichotomously (divided into two) branched. The branches are smooth and cream to pale yellow in color, except in young specimens that lack coloration.

Gleichenia alpina is a common native ground-fern that grows in boggy alpine and subalpine vegetation. It has the typical Gleichenia foliage, which is repeatedly dichotomously divided before ending in pinnate laminas. The distinctive feature is deep pouches densely covered with hairs on the underside of the pinnules. Gleichenia alpina is characterised by comparatively short frond axes and the dense orange-brown (becoming pale) scales that obscure the abaxial surface of the lamina.

Members of Poikilospermum are shrubs or tall woody climbers (also known as lianas). The petiolate leaves are alternate; their stipules are often caducous, intrapetiolar, connate, and leathery; their veins are often prominently pinnate; cystoliths occur adaxially in circular groups, abaxially along veins, either punctiform or linear. The inflorescences are solitary and axillary dichotomously branched cymes, they are unisexual (the plants are dioecious). The glomerules are capitate and either on swollen peduncular receptacles (in P. subgen.

Allomyces thalli consist of a cylindrical trunk-like basal cell that gives rise to well-developed, highly branched rhizoids that anchor the thallus to the substrate. The trunk-like basal cell also gives rise to numerous dichotomously branched side branches that terminate as either resistant sporangia, zoosporangia, or gametangia depending on the life cycle stage. Septa are sometimes present, especially at the base of reproductive organs. Germling of Allomyces strain WJD103 on nutrient agar.

Celatheca is a genus of extinct plants of the Early Devonian (Pragian, around ). Fossils were first found in the Posongchong Formation of eastern Yunnan, China. The leafless stems (axes) divided dichotomously but unequally so that one branch formed more of a 'main' stem and the other a side branch system. Side branches which did not bear spore-forming organs or sporangia divided two or three times further, ending in tips which curled back on themselves.

It grows from a discoid holdfast stipe, the fronds are channelled unlike those of Chondrus crispus which are flat. It grows to a height of 10 to 20 cm and branches dichotomously. The frond is cartilaginous and reddish-brown in colour, showing a greenish or purplish tinge. The mature algae show reproductive structures which develop on erect filaments up to 1 mm in diameter, these make it readily distinguishable from Chondrus crispus.

Social location is considered important but its role is complex. Her work considered the importance of understanding the ways that individuals identify within an academic discourse, a discourse that typically situates young people dichotomously; as those who will achieve and those that will not. Understanding the importance of areas such as self- efficacy, confidence and resilience in shaping educational identity at the level of agent and subsequently, educational attainment and aspirations, has been central to her most recent work.

Specimens of S. insignis are generally 10–20 cm long, and 5–10 mm in diameter, with tubes which are whitish and pliable. The tentacular crown is uniform orange, red, mauve, tan, brown, grey, or green in color. Among sabellids of the Pacific Northwest, S. insignis is unique in that all radioles are dichotomously branched at least once. Radioles of Eudistylia polymorpha are not branched, and only a few of the radioles of E. vancouveri are branched.

Pertica quadrifaria (the type species of the genus) was described in 1972 from compression fossils found in the Trout Valley Formation of northern Maine, USA. It was an upright plant which grew to perhaps as much as a metre (3 ft) in height. It comprised a main, straight stem (axis) with side branches which developed dichotomously, branching many times at increasingly shorter intervals. Some of the terminal branchlets bore masses of erect paired, ellipsoidal sporangia in distinctive tight clusters.

Geotrichum candidum forms a fast growing colony that can grow to 5–6 cm diameter at 5 days on Sabouraud-glucose agar, wort agar and synthetic media. Microscopically, the growth is characterized by the production of dichotomously branched hyphae that resemble tuning forks along the colony margin. The condial chains become aerial, erect or decumbent and measure 6–12(−20) x 3–6(−9) μm. The fungus can grow on a variety of citrus fruits and cause Sour Rot.

Thursophyton is a genus of terrestrial vascular plants which flourished in the Middle Devonian period. These plants consisted of aerial stems branching dichotomously, trichotomously or pseudomonopodially, at least the main axes clothed in spirally arranged spines up to 7 mm long, which are not leaves as they are not vascularised and leave no scar when removed. The stems contain an elliptical exarch xylem having both annular and spirally thickened tracheids; very little is known about the sporangia.

Fossils of Drydenia consist of an elliptical blade attached to a branching filamentous holdfast, not unlike some species of Laminaria, Porphyra, or Gigartina. The single known specimen of Hungerfordia branches dichotomously into lobes and resembles genera like Chondrus and Fucus or Dictyota. The earliest known fossils that can be assigned reliably to the Phaeophyceae come from Miocene diatomite deposits of the Monterey Formation in California. Several soft-bodied brown macroalgae, such as Julescraneia, have been found.

The boundary between these two portions is often delineated by a pronounced hip. The ventral face of the pitcher is flattened. A pair of wings up to 16 mm wide runs down the ventral surface of the pitcher cup. These wings bear densely packed filiform fringe elements up to 19 mm long, which commonly exceed the width of the wings themselves. These filaments are often arranged in pairs, spaced around 2 mm apart, and are usually branched dichotomously once or twice.

Hyphaene compressa is a robust tree that stands erect, growing to about 10–20 meters (35–70 ft) in height. The tree can be said to be fairly fire resistant and drought resistant. The East African Doum Palm is considered difficult to destroy because it grows bulbs and deep taproots underground that will allow the tree to regrow if it is damaged above ground. Individuals of this species are dichotomously branched and the stems may branch about five times by full maturity.

Transitional fossils are not only those of animals. With the increasing mapping of the divisions of plants at the beginning of the 20th century, the search began for the ancestor of the vascular plants. In 1917, Robert Kidston and William Henry Lang found the remains of an extremely primitive plant in the Rhynie chert in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and named it Rhynia. The Rhynia plant was small and stick-like, with simple dichotomously branching stems without leaves, each tipped by a sporangium.

Lycopodiopsida is a class of herbaceous vascular plants known as lycopods, lycophytes or other terms including the component lyco-. Members of the class are called clubmosses, firmosses and quillworts. They have dichotomously branching stems bearing simple leaves called microphylls and reproduce by means of spores borne in sporangia on the sides of the stems at the bases of the leaves. Although living species are small, during the Carboniferous, extinct tree-like forms formed huge forests that dominated the landscape and contributed to coal deposits.

Fucus radicans is morphologically similar to bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus) which is dichotomously branched, and has brown leathery fronds known as thalli with a prominent midrib and globular air bladders. The main differences between the two are that plants of F. radicans are smaller and more bushy than F. vesiculosus and have narrower thalli. Bladderwrack is common on the foreshore on both sides of the temperate North Atlantic and the subarctic. F. radicans is endemic to the Baltic Sea, where it grows alongside F. vesiculosus.

Sphaerocodium is a fossil that represents the remains of bacteria in the phylum Cyanobacteria, often called blue-green algae.E. Flügel Fossil Algae: Recent Results and Developments The species of Sphaerocodium recorded by the author Rothpletz could be symbiotic intergrowths of different encrusting organisms. Two new genera (Rothpletzella and Wetheredella) have been proposed to include these forms.Alan Wood, Ph.D., F.G.S “Sphaerocodium,” a misinterpreted Fossil from the Wenlock limestone Sphaerocodium is characterised by having dichotomously-branching tubular filaments made of calcite, which formed encrusting masses on objects.

Hesperolinon congestum, or Marin dwarf flax, is an annual herb, which is known to occur only in San Mateo, San Francisco and Marin County, California,Marinero Estates Environmental Impact Report, Earth Metrics Report 7665, city of Tiburon, Ca., May, 1989 United States. This plant occurs chiefly on serpentine soils, especially in dry native bunch grasses, chaparral or other grasslands at elevations less than 200 meters. The flowers are congested at the tips of the dichotomously branching stems. H. congestum is in flower between April and July.

Arbuscular mycorrhizas, or AM (formerly known as vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas, or VAM), are mycorrhizas whose hyphae penetrate plant cells, producing structures that are either balloon-like (vesicles) or dichotomously branching invaginations (arbuscules) as a means of nutrient exchange. The fungal hyphae do not in fact penetrate the protoplast (i.e. the interior of the cell), but invaginate the cell membrane. The structure of the arbuscules greatly increases the contact surface area between the hypha and the cell cytoplasm to facilitate the transfer of nutrients between them.

This is not easy to calculate, and the biserial coefficient is not widely used in practice. A specific case of biserial correlation occurs where X is the sum of a number of dichotomous variables of which Y is one. An example of this is where X is a person's total score on a test composed of n dichotomously scored items. A statistic of interest (which is a discrimination index) is the correlation between responses to a given item and the corresponding total test scores.

The resulting zygote is initially biflagellate, but it soon encysts and germinates. It grows into a dichotomously branched sporophyte, which forms two types of sporangia: thin- walled zoosporangia that may be colorless or orange and thick-walled resting sporangia that are reddish-brown due to the presence of melanin pigments. The thin-walled zoosporangia give rise to motile zoospores that germinate and grow into another sporophyte. The resting sporangia undergo meiosis at germination and give rise to haploid zoospores that will germinate and grow into gametophytes.

Eohostimella heathana is an early, probably terrestrial, "plant" known from compression fossils of Early Silurian age (Llandovery, around , p. 4). The chemistry of its fossils is similar to that of fossilised vascular plants, rather than algae. Its anatomy constitutes upright, cylindrical tubes, with a thickened outer cortex, which may have contained traces of lignin or a similar compound, even though no tracheids or similar vessels have been found; the lignin-like compound was presumably associated with its thick outer cortex. It branched dichotomously and may have borne small spines.

Reconstruction of the zosterophyll Sawdonia ornata Reconstruction of Zosterophyllum sp. at MUSE - Science Museum in Trento The stems of zosterophylls were either smooth or covered with small spines known as enations, branched dichotomously, and grew at the ends by unrolling, a process known as circinate vernation. The stems had a central vascular column in which the protoxylem was exarch, and the metaxylem developed centripetally. The sporangia were kidney-shaped (reniform), with conspicuous lateral dehiscence and were borne laterally in a fertile zone towards the tips of the branches.

They had a simple stalk that branched dichotomously a few times. Each branch ended in a sporangium or spore-bearing capsule. In his original description of the genus, Lang described the sporangia as flattened, "with terminal sporangia that are short and wide", and in the species Cooksonia pertoni "considerably wider than high". A 2010 review of the genus by Gonez and Gerrienne produced a tighter definition, which requires the sporangia to be more-or-less trumpet-shaped (as in the illustration), with a 'lid' or operculum which disintegrates to release the spores.

Leafless, dichotomously branching fossils bearing spines and possessing vascular tissue from the Devonian of Gaspé Peninsula, Canada, were thought by Dawson in 1859 to resemble the modern whiskfern, Psilotum. Accordingly, he named his new genus Psilophyton, the type species being P. princeps. Unfortunately, it later turned out that his description and subsequent reconstruction was based on fragments of three different unrelated plants, which caused confusion for many years. The sporangia were from Psilophyton, but some aerial stems were from what is now Sawdonia, and the rhizomes were from Taeniocrada.

The base of the plant remains unknown; the known part was about 8.5 cm high. The sporophyte consisted of narrow leafless stems (axes) 1.5 to 2.0 mm in diameter, which branched dichotomously. Stems which did not bear sporangia ended in blunt points; fertile branches bore compact one-sided spikes of up to 20 laterally attached sporangia, more-or-less opposite. The sporangia were kidney-shaped (reniform) and had short stalks around 1.5 mm long which curved so that all the sporangia were on one side of the stem.

It indicates it is a soft-bodied animal having an appearance of a smooth discoidal structure connected by a relatively short stem to a quadrate body comprising numerous and regularly aligned linear fibres. The fibres, which are similar in pattern to parallelly arranged muscle fibres, extend laterally across the body, linking adjacent corners. The fibres extend beyond each corner to form an elongate branch, which is divided into smaller dichotomous branches. Smaller branches also arise from the lateral margins of the quadrate body, and also form dichotomously branched fibres.

Located after the costa is the third vein, the subcosta, which branches into two separate veins: the anterior and posterior. The base of the subcosta is associated with the distal end of the neck of the first axillary (see section below). The fourth vein is the radius (R), which is branched into five separate veins. The radius is generally the strongest vein of the wing. Toward the middle of the wing, it forks into a first undivided branch (R1) and a second branch, called the radial sector (Ra), which subdivides dichotomously into four distal branches (R2, R3, R4, R5).

Members of this genus have a central disc with five arms which repeatedly bifurcate, dichotomously branching into smaller and smaller subdivisions. They have an endoskeleton of calcified ossicles as do other ophiuroids, but in their case, it is covered by a fleshy layer of skin, giving them a rubbery appearance. To feed, a basket star perches in an elevated position such as on a sponge, and extend its arms in a basket-like fashion. The branches and branchlets twist and coil and may ensnare small crustaceans that come within reach such as the northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica).

Psilotum superficially resembles certain extinct early vascular plants, such as the rhyniophytes and the trimerophyte genus Psilophyton. The unusual features of Psilotum that suggest an affinity with early vascular plants include dichotomously branching sporophytes, aerial stems arising from horizontal rhizomes, a simple vascular cylinder, homosporous and terminal eusporangia and a lack of roots. Unfortunately, no fossils of psilophytes are known to exist. A careful study of the morphology and anatomy suggests that whisk ferns are not closely related to rhyniophytes, and that the ancestral features present in living psilophytes represent a reduction from a more typical modern fern plant.

A second type of spore wall thickening has been observed in G. aggregatum spores wherein the wall undergoes localized thickening in one hemisphere or a smaller space. This can happen in multiple locations on a single spore and can contribute to the spore having a pear-like shape. The attached hypha can be blocked from the pore by this thickening. As is the case for all species in this genera, the mycorrhizal structure of G. aggregatum proliferates in straight lines along the cortex, branching dichotomously at cell junctions as it penetrates deeper into the root and extending in two directions at once.

Saksenaea vasiformis very rapidly grows in growth media, producing sterile hyphae. Induction of sporulation is difficult with routine fungal media used in the most of clinical laboratories, but it can be stimulated to sporulate rapidly (5 to 7 days) by incubating the yeast-malt-dextrose agar at 32 °C. The identification of this species is not problematic after sporulation event because of its characteristic flask-shaped sporangium with spherical venter and a distinct dome-shped columella and dichotomously branched rhizoid complex. On top of the venter, there is a neck with closed apex with a mucilaginous plug.

The plant has palmately lobed leaves and showy yellow flowers. Root grumose, formed of thick, fleshy, fasciculated fibres. Stem two to four feet high, terete, and, as well as the foliage, hairy with rather pilose hairs, which are dilated at the base. Radical leaves on long hairy petioles, large, between orbicular and reniform, three to five-lobed; lobes again divided and cut into several acute lobules, or large sharp teeth, cut and serrated, the whole somewhat radiately and dichotomously veined; upper leaves gradually smaller, sessile, five- to three- partite, the segments lanceolate, coarsely serrated, with parallel veins.

Aglaophyton major The stems of Aglaophyton were round in cross-section, smooth, unornamented, and up to about 6mm in diameter. Kidston and Lang interpreted the plant as growing upright, to about 50 cm in height, but Edwards has re-interpreted it as having prostrate habit, with shorter aerial axes of about 15 cm height. The axes branched dichotomously, the aerial axes branching at a comparatively wide angle of up to 90°, and were terminated with elliptical, thick-walled sporangia, which when mature, opened by spiral slits, so that the sporangia appear to be spiral in form. Sporangia contained many identical spores (isospores) bearing trilete marks.

A free response test allows the test taker to make an argument for their viewpoint and potentially receive credit. In addition, even if students have some knowledge of a question, they receive no credit for knowing that information if they select the wrong answer and the item is scored dichotomously. However, free response questions may allow an examinee to demonstrate partial understanding of the subject and receive partial credit. Additionally if more questions on a particular subject area or topic are asked to create a larger sample then statistically their level of knowledge for that topic will be reflected more accurately in the number of correct answers and final results.

The genus was first described from a small number of specimens found in sediments in Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada, which are considered to be of Late Silurian age (Ludfordian, around ). Stems (axes) were smooth, devoid of leaves, hairs or other protrusions, and were between 0.7 and 1.0 mm wide (around the lower limit of the size Boyce suggested as being compatible with the presence of vascular tissue), tapering down to 0.1 mm towards the apex of those stems which did not bear sporangia. The stems branched equally and dichotomously, with some suggestion of downwards branching at the base. The overall height of the plant is estimated to be some 8 cm.

Rather, the instrumental reason characteristic of modernity is limited to our "professional subcultures," which allows us to treat the world as a detached mechanical object in a delimited sphere of activity. We, like animists, also continue to create personal relationships with elements of the so-called objective world, whether pets, cars, or teddy-bears, who we recognize as subjects. As such, these entities are "approached as communicative subjects rather than the inert objects perceived by modernists." These approaches are careful to avoid the modernist assumptions that the environment consists dichotomously of a physical world distinct from humans, and from modernist conceptions of the person as composed dualistically as body and soul.

In its native range, U. inflata, a perennial species, can begin to flower in January and may continue through June. In this phase of its growth it produces the most visible and noticeable morphological features of the species: a floating spoke-like whorl of spongy structures at the water's surface that support the inflorescences, often called a "float". U. inflata typically produces 6 to 8 spokes on the float (sometimes anywhere from 5 to 10), with each spoke 3–10 cm long and up to 8 mm wide. The apical half of the spokes bear numerous, dichotomously branched leaf-like segments that can also possess some traps.

In an article published by the science journal Nature, Gert van Tonder and Michael Lyons analyze the rock garden by generating a model of shape analysis (medial axis) in early visual processing. Using this model, they show that the empty space of the garden is implicitly structured, and is aligned with the temple's architecture. According to the researchers, one critical axis of symmetry passes close to the centre of the main hall, which is the traditionally preferred viewing point. In essence, viewing the placement of the stones from a sightline along this point brings a shape from nature (a dichotomously branched tree with a mean branch length decreasing monotonically from the trunk to the tertiary level) in relief.

Taking into account the interactions of the six question pairs assessing homosexuality and heterosexuality, a subject's bisexuality and asexuality can be measured. In the case of bisexuality, subjects are classified as “not at all bisexual”, “slightly bisexual”, “moderately bisexual” or “very bisexual” depending on their answers to each question pair. As explained above, these standardized responses can be summarized to a single measure for sexual attraction, sexual contact and sexual identity. The Asexuality Summary differs from the other three summaries since it is measured dichotomously - a subject can either be “asexual” or “not at all asexual”. A subject is only classified as “asexual” in the domain of sexual attraction if the subject's answers report no sexual attraction in any of the six questions evaluating sexual attraction.

The foliage is dichotomously or verticillately branching, with opposite pairs or whorls of green leaves which perform some photosynthesis (minimal in some species, notably V. nudum), but with the plant drawing its mineral and water needs from the host tree. Different species of Viscum tend to use different host species; most species are able to use several different host species. The flowers are inconspicuous, greenish- yellow, diameter. The fruit is a berry, white, yellow, orange, or red when mature, containing one or more seeds embedded in very sticky juice; the seeds are dispersed when birds (notably the mistle thrush) eat the fruit, and remove the sticky seeds from the bill by wiping them on tree branches where they can germinate.

Francis Grose can therefore be claimed to be the first critical 'aesthetic regionalist' in proclaiming the anti-universality of aesthetics in contrast to the perilous and always resurgent dictatorship of beauty. 'Aesthetic Regionalism' can thus be seen as a political statement and stance which vies against any universal notion of beauty to safeguard the counter- tradition of aesthetics related to what has been considered and dubbed un- beautiful just because one's culture does not contemplate it, e.g. E. Burke's sublime, what is usually defined as 'primitive' art, or un-harmonious, non- cathartic art, camp art, which 'beauty' posits and creates, dichotomously, as its opposite, without even the need of formal statements, but which will be 'perceived' as ugly. Likewise, aesthetic judgments may be culturally conditioned to some extent.

In statistics, dichotomous thinking or binary thinking is the process of seeing a discontinuity in the possible values that a p-value can take during null hypothesis significance testing: it is either above the significance threshold (usually 0.05) or below. When applying dichotomous thinking, a first p-value of 0.0499 will be interpreted the same as a p-value of 0.0001 (the null hypothesis is rejected) while a second p-value of 0.0501 will be interpreted the same as a p-value of 0.7 (the null hypothesis is accepted). The fact that first and second p-values are mathematically very close is thus completely disregarded and values of p are not considered as continuous but are interpreted dichotomously with respect to the significance threshold. A common measure of dichotomous thinking is the cliff effect.

Psilophytites is a form genus of extinct plants; it was created by Høeg for spiny stems (axes) which cannot be assigned to a more precise genus or species, usually because spore-forming organs or sporangia are not present. Fossils which have been placed in this genus have been found, among other locations, in Wales in formations of Early Silurian age (, around ); in the Wutubulake Formation in Xinjiang, China, of the same age; in the Paraná basin, Brazil, from the Early Devonian (Lochkovian, around ); and in Belgium from an outcrop of Early Devonian age (Lochkovian–Pragian, around ). Gerrienne named a new species, P. gileppensis, on the basis of the Belgian fossils, which were the oldest spiny plants found in that country. Their stems were equally or unequally dichotomously branched, bearing spreading spines which were long, narrow and undivided.

For several decades, primary lung cancers were consistently dichotomously classified for treatment and research purposes into small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) and non-small- cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), based on an oversimplified approach that is now clearly outmoded. The new paradigm recognizes that lung cancers are a large and extremely heterogeneous family of malignant neoplasms, with over 50 different histological variants included in the 4th (2004) revision of the World Health Organization typing system, the most widely used lung cancer classification scheme ("WHO-2004"). These variants are increasingly appreciated as having different genetic, biological, and clinical properties, including prognoses and responses to treatment regimens, and therefore, that correct and consistent histological classification of lung cancers are necessary to validate and implement optimum management strategies. About 1% of lung cancers are sarcomas, germ cell tumors, and hematopoietic tumors, while 99% of lung cancers are carcinoma.

Annuals or subshrubs (possibly also biennials) clad in sticky trichomes, the plants between 0.3 and 0.8 m in height, greatly dichotomously branched or with only one branched main stem, terminal branches spine-like. One species almost leafless: the others with lower leaves with large (circa 40 mm) pinnatifid – almost pinnatisect – blades decurrent on conspicuous petioles, or forming a basal rosette of broad leaves with long petioles. Upper leaves small, almost sessile, uppermost often reduced to tiny thread-like scales. Flowers solitary, terminal, small, pedicels 10–20 mm, calyces 2–4 mm, strongly glanduliferous – like the pedicels – with five short, equal, acute teeth; corolla zygomorphic, 6–13 mm, tubulose to funnel-shaped, violet, blue or yellow, with or without violet stripes, lobes five, of which four equal (the remaining anterior lobe slightly larger), lobes much shorter than tube; stamens included and somewhat curved towards the larger anterior corolla lobe; stamens four, in two pairs of different lengths, the posterior pair fertile with larger anthers, the lateral pair with smaller anthers, fertile (in R. chilensis) or sterile (in R. parviflora).