This confusion reflects various partisan derangements, plus the destabilizing influence of Trump's strongman shtick.
|
|
Thankfully, most of these derangements were reversed once the men and women became active again.
|
|
Given populism's derangements and divisions, this elite consensus can still win elections — witness Macron's recent triumphs.
|
|
The volunteers almost all had developed what the scientists called "metabolic derangements" during their two weeks of being still.
|
|
You might, in those moments of recognizing phone-fueled negative thoughts for what they are—the silly derangements of technologized relations—even giggle.
|
|
Yet Kokoschka's radical derangements, of his own body as well as those of his sitters, are often infused with allegory and marked by theatricality.
|
|
And while Ms. Paulson and Mr. Peters commit to their characters' belief in their own derangements, "Cult" ends up rendering all political sides as caricatures.
|
|
But as long as a deal eludes us, the chaotic system we have is well designed to make both derangements that much more powerful, both problems that much worse.
|
|
This book is literally dark, as certain panels surround their subjects in a sea of black, calling to mind the spare compositions and psychic derangements of the Toronto-based maestro Chester Brown.
|
|
At the same time he governed through the fallout of the financial crash and the ongoing derangements of globalisation, with the rising feeling it induces, as he put it in the same book, "that America seems unable to control its own destiny".
|
|
This leaves the most likely near-term threat to our fractured republic as either something external to the system — a worst-case pandemic or terrorist attack, a climate-change-induced catastrophe — or else a threat concentrated at the top, in the imperial presidency around which our democratic derangements increasingly revolve.
|
|
265 = 5·53, semiprime, Padovan number, number of derangements of 6 elements, centered square number, Smith number, subfactorial 6\.
|
|
Since animals are potentially suffering from severe metabolic derangements at the time of initial presentation, animals need to be stabilized prior to surgery. Common physiologic derangements noted on bloodwork are elevated kidneys values (azotemia) and elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia). The presence of profound sedation, low body temperature, and/or a slow heart rate (bradycardia) are usually associated with more severe blood derangements. Ideally, the urethral obstruction is removed or temporarily bypassed with urethral flushing (urohydropulsion) and the placement of an in-dwelling urinary catheter prior to surgery.
|
|
Franz Anton Mesmer: (with sarcasm) Professor Doctor Stoerk, can I help you at all? I deal with most derangements, sir.
|
|
The hemicraniae and prosopalgias which Colocynth will cure, are, in all cases, purely functional derangements of the filaments of the trifacial nerve.
|
|
The requisite lymphocytosis of this disease is typically 2-20x109/L. Immunoglobulin derangements including hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibodies, and circulating immune complexes are commonly seen.
|
|
It is NP- complete to determine whether a given permutation group (described by a given set of permutations that generate it) contains any derangements.. .
|
|
Chakraborti's first novel Or the Day Seizes You, (Penguin India), was shortlisted for the Hutch-Crossword Book Award in 2006. A Spanish translation entitled La Vida Que Nos Lleva was published in April 2009 by Ediciones Ambar. His second novel, Derangements was published by Harper Collins in August 2008. The novel Derangements appeared in the US in July 2010 under the title Shadow Play, published by St Martin's Press (Minotaur Books).
|
|
This will often present as Fanconi syndrome with multiple derangements of renal tubular reabsorption, including tubular acidosis with bicarbonate and phosphate wasting. These tubular abnormalities in GSD I are typically detected and monitored by urinary calcium. Long term these derangements can exacerbate uric acid nephropathy, otherwise driven by hyperlactatemia. In adolescence and beyond, glomerular disease may independently develop, initially presenting as glomerular hyperfiltration indicated by elevated urinary eGFR.
|
|
Cockburn won the 2014 Carl B. Allendoerfer Award of the Mathematical Association of America with Joshua Lesperance for their joint work, "deranged socks", on a variation of the problem of counting derangements.
|
|
Hyperammonemia is one of the metabolic derangements that contribute to hepatic encephalopathy, which can cause swelling of astrocytes and stimulation of NMDA-receptors in the brain. Overstimulation of NMDA-receptors induces excitotoxicity.
|
|
The pathogenesis of the demyelination can vary. Some of the factors that contribute to the deteriorating of the myelin are due to inflammatory processes, acquired metabolic derangements, viral demyelination, and hypoxic-ischaemic demyelination.
|
|
A well-known application of the inclusion–exclusion principle is to the combinatorial problem of counting all derangements of a finite set. A derangement of a set A is a bijection from A into itself that has no fixed points. Via the inclusion–exclusion principle one can show that if the cardinality of A is n, then the number of derangements is [n! / e] where [x] denotes the nearest integer to x; a detailed proof is available here and also see the examples section above.
|
|
Wiley, David. Minnesota Daily, 1997. Harold Bloom wrote an article about Yehoshua's A Late Divorce in The New York Times,Bloom, Harold. Domestic Derangements; A Late Divorce, By A.B. Yehoshua Translated by Hillel Halkin, The New York Times, February 19, 1984.
|
|
The first occurrence of the problem of counting the number of derangements is in an early book on games of chance: Essai d'analyse sur les jeux de hazard by P. R. de Montmort (1678 - 1719) and was known as either "Montmort's problem" or by the name he gave it, "problème des rencontres." The problem is also known as the hatcheck problem. The number of derangements is also known as the subfactorial of n, written !n. It follows that if all bijections are assigned the same probability then the probability that a random bijection is a derangement quickly approaches 1/e as n grows.
|
|
The major pathophysiologies encountered in blunt chest trauma involve derangements in the flow of air, blood, or both in combination. Sepsis due to leakage of alimentary tract contents, as in esophageal perforations, also must be considered. Blunt trauma commonly results in chest wall injuries (e.g., rib fractures).
|
|
William Howship Dickinson (9 June 1832 – 9 January 1913) was a British doctor. He was educated at Cambridge and later trained at St George's Hospital. He wrote one of the first accounts of familial kidney disease.Dickinson, W. H. (1875) Diseases of the kidney and urinary derangements.
|
|
Most individuals have other autoimmune phenomena including Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune neutropenia, and tubular nephropathy. The majority of affected males die within the first year of life of either metabolic derangements or sepsis. An analogous disease is also observed in a spontaneous Foxp3-mutant mouse known as "scurfy".
|
|
It can be caused by a number of different reasons, some benign, unknown reasons, but also are commonly associated with lesions, tumors, and encephalopathies. Association with periventricular white matter disease and cortical atrophy has been documented and they are more likely to show up during acute metabolic derangements such as uremia and hyperglycemia.
|
|
A combination of etomidate and diazepam would be an even safer anesthetic consideration, but etomidate is not commonly carried by general veterinary practitioners due to its cost. Fluid therapy is equally essential for correcting derangements. Commonly, a fluid low in potassium, such as 0.9% NaCl, is selected. If 0.9% NaCl is not available, any other crystalloid fluid is realistic even if it contains some level of potassium.
|
|
Ventricles contain more muscle mass than the atria. Therefore, the QRS complex is considerably larger than the P wave. The QRS complex is often used to determine the axis of the electrocardiogram, although it is also possible to determine a separate P wave axis. The duration, amplitude, and morphology of the QRS complex are useful in diagnosing cardiac arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, electrolyte derangements, and other disease states.
|
|
In the second group, myelin is abnormal and degenerates. The second group was denominated dysmyelinating diseases by Poser Therefore, since Poser demyelinating diseases normally refers to the myelinoclastic part. Demyelinating diseases of the CNS can be classified according to their pathogenesis into five non-exclusing categories: demyelination due to inflammatory processes, viral demyelination, demyelination caused by acquired metabolic derangements, hypoxic–ischaemic forms of demyelination and demyelination caused by focal compression.
|
|
In 1932, topics relating to homosexuality were first added to the system under 132 (mental derangements) and 159.9 (abnormal psychology). In 1952, homosexuality was also included under 301.424 (the study of sexes in society). In 1989, it was added to 363.49 (social problems), a classification that continues in the current edition. In 1996, homosexuality was added to 306.7 (sexual relations); this remains the preferred location in the current edition.
|
|
Forty-four is a tribonacci number, an octahedral number and the number of derangements of 5 items. Since the greatest prime factor of 442 \+ 1 = 1937 is 149 and thus more than 44 twice, 44 is a Størmer number. Given Euler's totient function, φ(44) = 20 and φ(69) = 44. 44 is a repdigit In decimal notation (base 10), 44 is a palindromic number and a happy number.
|
|
Mitochondria play a central role in maintaining the life cycle of retinal ganglion cells because of their high energy dependence. Mitochondria are made within the central somata of the retinal ganglion cell, transported down axons, and distributed where they are needed. Genetic mutations in mitochondrial DNA, vitamin depletion, alcohol and tobacco abuse, and use of certain drugs can cause derangements in efficient transport of mitochondria, which can cause a primary or secondary optic neuropathy.
|
|
1993, pp. 244–45. Shelley argued that eating meat was a practice that polluted the body with syphilis and resulted in other ailments. In A Vindication of Natural Diet he wrote, "Should ever a physician be born with the genius of Locke, I am persuaded that he might trace all bodily and mental derangements to our unnatural habits,"Shelley, Percy Bysshe, "A Vindication of Natural Diet"; London: Smith & Davy. 1813, p. 16.
|
|
Bunion (hallux valgus) deformity is actually part of a complex of anatomical derangements of protruding mass (bunion), buckling of big toe (hallux valgus) and the bone behind it (metatarsus primus varus), displaced sesamoid bones (detrimental to the important walking function of big toe), collapsed metatarsal arch and several other secondary changes that are the domino effects of metatarsal primus varus. Thus, metatarsus primus varus correction has become the primary objective of all bunion surgeries.
|
|
The presence of only one of the above derangements is called a simple acid–base disorder. In a mixed disorder more than one is occurring at the same time. Mixed disorders may feature an acidosis and alkosis at the same time that partially counteract each other, or there can be two different conditions affecting the pH in the same direction. The phrase "mixed acidosis", for example, refers to metabolic acidosis in conjunction with respiratory acidosis.
|
|
Phenytoin and primidone are effective antiepileptics drugs, although phenytoin can cause liver failure or have other harmful long-term effects in patients with PME. Sodium valproate is an alternative therapy for myoclonus and can be used either alone or in combination with clonazepam. Some people have adverse reactions to clonazepam and/or sodium valproate. When patients are taking multiple medications, the discontinuation of drugs suspected of causing myoclonus and treatment of metabolic derangements may resolve some cases of myoclonus.
|
|
Obtundation refers to less than full alertness (altered level of consciousness), typically as a result of a medical condition or trauma. There is a huge range of potential causes including head injury, interruption of blood circulation, impaired oxygenation or carbon dioxide toxicity (hypercapnia), CNS infections, drug intoxication or withdrawal, post-seizure state, hypothermia, and metabolic derangements such as hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and hypercalcaemic crisis.In Wells, B. G., In DiPiro, J. T., In Schwinghammer, T. L., & In DiPiro, C. V. (2017). Pharmacotherapy handbook.
|
|
Ketoacidosis is a pathological state of uncontrolled production of ketones that results in a metabolic acidosis. Ketoacidosis is most commonly caused by a deficiency of insulin in type 1 diabetes or late stage type 2 diabetes but can also be the result of chronic heavy alcohol use, salicylate poisoning, or isopropyl alcohol ingestion. Ketoacidosis causes significant metabolic derangements and is a life- threatening medical emergency. Ketoacidosis is distinct from physiologic ketosis as it requires failure of the normal regulation of ketone body production.
|
|
The identity element of the group corresponds to the identity permutation. All other group elements correspond to derangements: permutations that do not leave any element unchanged. Since this also applies for powers of a group element, lower than the order of that element, each element corresponds to a permutation that consists of cycles all of the same length: this length is the order of that element. The elements in each cycle form a right coset of the subgroup generated by the element.
|
|
Orthostatic vitals including blood pressure and heart rate in response to upright posture for at least 3 minutes is essential for the diagnosis of orthostatic syncope. A resting 12-lead electrocardiogram is useful to rule out arrhythmias. Targeted blood testing is reasonable including complete hematology, glycemic and metabolic profiles to rule out associated conditions such as anemia, metabolic or renal derangements. In selected patients with suspected neurodegenerative disease and syncope, referral for autonomic evaluation is reasonable to improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy.
|
|
It is estimated that about one-third of alcohol-related deaths are due to accidents and another 14% are from intentional injury.The World Health Organisation (2007) Alcohol and Injury in Emergency Departments In addition to respiratory failure and accidents caused by effects on the central nervous system, alcohol causes significant metabolic derangements. Hypoglycaemia occurs due to ethanol's inhibition of gluconeogenesis, especially in children, and may cause lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, and acute kidney injury. Metabolic acidosis is compounded by respiratory failure.
|
|
The venom produces mainly cardiopulmonary abnormalities like circulatory derangements, myocarditis and changes in cardiac sarcolemmal ATPase and by these abnormalities it can finally cause death. In rural India the scorpion and its venom is a commonly known factor of children's death. The venom initially causes transient cholinergic stimulation (vomiting, profuse sweating, bradycardia, priapism, hypersalivation, and hypotension) which is followed by sustained adrenergic hyperactivity (hypertension, tachycardia, and myocardial failure). The adrenergic phase but not the cholinergic phase is a dose-dependent phenomenon.
|
|
For the female patients hospitalized during these first three years of the asylum's operation, the three leading causes of insanity are recorded as "puerperal condition" (51 women), "change of life" (32 women), and "menstrual derangements" (29 women). Women with postpartum depression or "hysteria" were labeled insane and sent to recover in the institution. Women were often institutionalized for unnecessary or outright fallacious reasons. The second-most common cause of insanity, as recorded in the first annual report, was "intemperance and dissipation".
|
|
In 1995 Ehsan Hoque discovered that Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a toxic substance which accumulates in the ischemic myocardium when applied exogenously, causes ischemia-like changes, suggesting that LPC is one of the important factors in producing ischemia-reperfusion derangements in terms of mechanical and metabolic functions. He also found that prevention of LPC accumulation can protect heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury. In 1997 Ehsan Hoque was the first to demonstrate the potential protective effect of NHE (Na+-H+ Exchange) inhibition on Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) -induced cardiac injury.
|
|
Diseases seen included fever, inflammatory affections, derangements of the intestinal canal, scrofula and smallpox. He also commented that while bleeding could be done freely in rural and suburban town districts, it should not be attempted in the "depressed districts". He admitted to frequently visiting places where excrement accumulated for months or remained in streets until the showers of rain washed it away. In 1927 the dispensary moved to the corner of Falmouth Road and Trinity Street where its former building is grade II listed with Historic England.
|
|
Leibniz's habilitation thesis De Arte Combinatoria was published as a book in 1666 and reprinted later Pascal and Leibniz are considered the founders of modern combinatorics. Both Pascal and Leibniz understood that the binomial expansion was equivalent to the choice function. The notion that algebra and combinatorics corresponded was expanded by De Moivre, who found the expansion of a multinomial. De Moivre also found the formula for derangements using the principle of principle of inclusion-exclusion, a method different from Nikolaus Bernoulli, who had found it previously.
|
|
The hormone plays a role in the suppression of the metabolic derangements that may result in type 2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Adiponectin in combination with leptin has been shown to completely reverse insulin resistance in mice. Adiponectin is secreted into the bloodstream where it accounts for approximately 0.01% of all plasma protein at around 5-10 μg/mL (mg/L). In adults, plasma concentrations are higher in females than males, and are reduced in diabetics compared to non-diabetics.
|
|
F.U.B. replaces his legs with, hydraulic-powered replacements. He undertakes a radical appearance; wearing furry dice, smoking Havana cigars and painting a target on his portly belly. The six playable characters have notable differences and derangements, but what they have in common is that they are all psychotic criminals who have been setup by F.U.B. and are now serving sentence on an inhospitable prison planet, the planet Raulf. F.U.B. has even taken on a new identity, working his way up the ladder by murder, and is now the warden of Raulf.
|
|
This catheter allows urine to be removed from the body, and, along with fluid therapy, help normalize blood derangements to resolve prior to anesthesia. There are many types of catheters commonly used, including common red rubber catheters, stiff Tomcat catheters, soft and flexible Cook catheters or semi-rigid "Slippery Sam" catheters. Sedation is usually required for urohydropulsion and the placement of a urinary catheter due to the associated pain with the procedure. A combination of injectable ketamine and diazepam is a safer option for sedation considering its reduced cardiopulmary depression effects compared to other anesthetics.
|
|
Clarifications of the mesenteric anatomy have facilitated a clearer understanding of diseases involving the mesentery, examples of which include malrotation and Crohn's disease (CD). In CD, the mesentery is frequently thickened, rendering hemostasis challenging. In addition, fat wrapping—creeping fat—involves extension of mesenteric fat over the circumference of contiguous gastrointestinal tract, and this may indicate increased mesothelial plasticity. The relationship between mesenteric derangements and mucosal manifestations in CD points to a pathobiological overlap; some authors say that CD is mainly a mesenteric disorder that secondarily affects the GIT and systemic circulation.
|
|
London, Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper 1836 Hall M. On the Diseases and Derangements of the Nervous System in their Primary Forms and in their Modifications by Age, Sex, Constitution, Hereditary Predisposition, Excesses, General Disorder, and Organic Disease. London, Baillière 1841 including stroke (apoplexy) and epilepsy.Hall M. On the Threatenings of Apoplexy and Paralysis; Inorganic Epilepsy; Spinal Syncope; Hidden Seizures, the Resultant Mania; etc. London, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman 1851 In Asphyxia, its Rationale and its Remedy (1856), Hall developed a technique for preventing victims of drowning by freeing their respiratory airway and by providing immediate ventilation, as the initial steps in resuscitation.
|
|
The line was built with 16 equally spaced turnouts each with a water pump and timber shed. A maintenance station responsible for perhaps eight miles (13 km) of track was based at each turnout. The station overseer surveyed half of that track daily, and effected minor repairs such as making secure loose bars of iron, punching down protruding spikeheads, chamfering wheel flange rubs off the rails, ramming earth around the piles, and so on. The overseer was also responsible for maintaining adequate supplies of water and timber at the station, and for calling on the Superintending Engineer for nonroutine derangements.
|
|
During a long period of rest in dark rooms, after a breakdown of his eyesight, Harley dictated to an amanuensis The Urine and its Derangements (1872); this work was reprinted in America and translated into French and Italian. In 1859 he became editor of a new year-book on medicine and surgery, brought out by the New Sydenham Society, and worked for it for some years. Harley contributed to medical journals. He invented a microscope which by a simple adjustment could be transformed from a monocular into a binocular or into a polarising instrument, either of a high or a low power.
|
|
In combinatorial mathematics, the rencontres numbers are a triangular array of integers that enumerate permutations of the set { 1, ..., n } with specified numbers of fixed points: in other words, partial derangements. (Rencontre is French for encounter. By some accounts, the problem is named after a solitaire game.) For n ≥ 0 and 0 ≤ k ≤ n, the rencontres number Dn, k is the number of permutations of { 1, ..., n } that have exactly k fixed points. For example, if seven presents are given to seven different people, but only two are destined to get the right present, there are D7, 2 = 924 ways this could happen.
|
|
Since the 2000s, Emshoff and his team have been working on a concept for integrating internal derangements and osteoarthrosis in the diagnostic approach to patients with temporomandibular joint pain. In 2003, Emshoff and colleagues were the first to demonstrate that concomitant morphological abnormalities of disc displacement and osteoarthrosis are not important factors in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction. This saves the patient from undergoing invasive arthroplastic procedures. In 2008, Emshoff and coworkers conducted the first human clinical trial of a red low-level laser therapy for temporomandibular joint pain, a rehabilitation method which is currently being used worldwide.
|
|
The primary treatment goal is prevention of hypoglycemia and the secondary metabolic derangements by frequent feedings of foods high in glucose or starch (which is readily digested to glucose). To compensate for the inability of the liver to provide sugar, the total amount of dietary carbohydrate should approximate the 24-hour glucose production rate. The diet should contain approximately 65–70% carbohydrate, 10–15% protein, and 20–25% fat. At least a third of the carbohydrates should be supplied through the night, so that a young child goes no more than 3–4 hours without carbohydrate intake.
|
|
Based on the information gained from the history and physical examination, a workup can then be conducted, in which possible sources of FTT can be further probed, through blood work, X-rays, or other tests. Laboratory workup should be directed by concerning history and physical examination findings, as it is estimated that the usefulness of laboratory investigations for children with failure to thrive is 1.4%. Initial bloodwork should be based on the clinical picture of the child. Common bloodwork should include a CBC with differential, a complete metabolic panel to look for electrolyte derangements, a thyroid function test, and a urinalysis.
|
|
Another subject to which he gave special attention was that of diseases of the liver. After translating Frerichs's work on that subject for the New Sydenham Society in 1861, he published Clinical Lectures on Diseases of the Liver, Jaundice, and Abdominal Dropsy (1868). In 1874 he took as the subject of his Croonian Lectures at the Royal College of Physicians "Functional Derangements of the Liver"; a French translation by Jules Cyr appeared in Paris in 1878. His regard for the memory of his friend, Dr. Hugh Falconer, induced him to take great pains in bringing out the latter's Palæontological Memoirs in 1868; geology was a favourite pursuit with Murchison.
|
|
Recent radiologic appraisals of the mesenteric organ have been conducted in the context of the contemporary understanding of mesenteric organ anatomy. When this organ is divided into non-flexural and flexural regions, these can readily be differentiated in most patients on CT imaging. Clarification of the radiological appearance of the human mesentery resonates with the suggestions of Dodds and enables a clearer conceptualization of mesenteric derangements in disease states. This is of immediate relevance in the spread of cancer from colon cancer and perforated diverticular disease, and in pancreatitis where fluid collections in the lesser sac dissect the mesocolon from the retroperitoneum and thereby extend distally within the latter.
|
|
Since glycogenolysis is the principal metabolic mechanism by which the liver supplies glucose to the body during periods of fasting, both deficiencies cause severe low blood sugar and, over time, excess glycogen storage in the liver and (in some cases) the kidneys. GSD I patients typically present with an enlarged liver from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as the result of this glycogen buildup. Other functions of the liver and kidneys are initially intact in GSD I, but are susceptible to a variety of other problems. Without proper treatment, GSD I gives rise to chronic low blood sugar, which can result in derangements including excessive levels of lactic acid and abnormally high levels of lipids in the bloodstream.
|
|
Gina Bachauer International Piano Festival Ted Rosenthal (born 1959) is an American jazz pianist. He was featured on David Sanborn's series Night Music, and has performed worldwide, both as a leader and as a sideman with many jazz greats, including Gerry Mulligan, Art Farmer, Phil Woods, Bob Brookmeyer, and Jon Faddis. Rosenthal has released 15 CDs as a leader, which include new treatments and "derangements" of great American standards, jazz tunes and classical themes, as well as his original compositions. His ability to communicate both the creative and analytical aspects of jazz translates from the bandstand to the educational arena: he holds faculty positions at the Juilliard School, Manhattan School of Music, and The New School.
|
|
This lacked a heading, but in the Contents appeared as "Accommodation of organized life to circumstance, by diverging ramifications". In it, he commented on the difficulty of distinguishing "between species and variety". The change of the fossil record between geological eras implied living organisms having "a power of change, under a change of circumstances", in the same way as the "derangements and changes in organised existence, induced by a change of circumstance from the interference of man" gave "proof of the plastic quality of superior life" which he called "a circumstance-suiting power". Following past deluges, "an unoccupied field would be formed for new diverging ramifications of life" in "the course of time, moulding and accommodating their being anew to the change of circumstances".
|
|
Another application of , also discovered in part by Jacob Bernoulli along with Pierre Raymond de Montmort, is in the problem of derangements, also known as the hat check problem:Grinstead, C.M. and Snell, J.L.Introduction to probability theory (published online under the GFDL), p. 85. guests are invited to a party, and at the door, the guests all check their hats with the butler, who in turn places the hats into boxes, each labelled with the name of one guest. But the butler has not asked the identities of the guests, and so he puts the hats into boxes selected at random. The problem of de Montmort is to find the probability that none of the hats gets put into the right box.
|
|
Nissl was possibly the greatest neuropathologist of his day and also a fine clinician who popularised the use of spinal puncture,Nissl's nickname among medical students of the day was "punctator maximus" which had been introduced by Heinrich Quincke. Nissl also examined the neural connections between the human cortex and thalamic nuclei; he was in the midst of this study at the time of his death. An example of his research philosophy is taken from his 1896 writings: :As soon as we agree to see in all mental derangements the clinical expression of definite disease processes in the cortex, we remove the obstacles that make impossible agreement among alienists. Image of a Nissl-stained histological section through the rodent hippocampus showing various classes of neurons.
|
|
As an undergraduate, Whitworth became the founding editor in chief of the Messenger of Mathematics, and he continued as its editor until 1880. He published works about the logarithmic spiral and about trilinear coordinates, but his most famous mathematical publication is the book Choice and Chance: An Elementary Treatise on Permutations, Combinations, and Probability (first published in 1867 and extended over several later editions). The first edition of the book treated the subject primarily from the point of view of arithmetic calculations, but had an appendix on algebra, and was based on lectures he had given at Queen's College. Later editions added material on enumerative combinatorics (the numbers of ways of arranging items into groups with various constraints), derangements, frequentist probability, life expectancy, and the fairness of bets, among other topics.
|
|
Although the pathophysiology of otolithic dysfunction is poorly understood, a disorder of otolith function, at a peripheral or central level, may be suspected when a patient describes symptoms of false sensations of linear motion or tilt or shows signs of specific derangements of ocular motor and postural, orienting and balancing responses. When disorientation is severe the patient may describe symptoms which sound bizarre, raising doubts over the organic basis of the disease. It is important to understand otolithic involvement in a wider neurological context through knowledge of the otolith physiology and the characteristics of proven otolithic syndromes. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vestibular system disorder and occurs as a result of otoconia detaching from the otolithic membrane in the utricle and collecting in one of the semicircular canals.
|
|
The "pearls" of the title include theorems, proofs, problems, and examples in graph theory. It has ten chapters; after an introductory chapter on basic definitions, the remaining chapters material on graph coloring; Hamiltonian cycles and Euler tours; extremal graph theory; subgraph counting problems including connections to permutations, derangements, and Cayley's formula; graph labelings; planar graphs, the four color theorem, and the circle packing theorem; near-planar graphs; and graph embeddings on topological surfaces. The book also includes several unsolved problems such as the Oberwolfach problem on covering complete graphs by cycles, the characterization of magic graphs, and ringel's "earth-moon" problem on coloring biplanar graphs. Despite its subtitle promising "a comprehensive introduction" to graph theory, many important topics in graph theory are not covered, with the selection of topics reflecting author Ringel's research interests.
|
|
The problème des rencontres asks how many permutations of a size-n set have exactly k fixed points. Derangements are an example of the wider field of constrained permutations. For example, the ménage problem asks if n opposite-sex couples are seated man- woman-man-woman-... around a table, how many ways can they be seated so that nobody is seated next to his or her partner? More formally, given sets A and S, and some sets U and V of surjections A -> S, we often wish to know the number of pairs of functions (f, g) such that f is in U and g is in V, and for all a in A, f(a) ≠ g(a); in other words, where for each f and g, there exists a derangement φ of S such that f(a) = φ(g(a)).
|
|
Braunwald E; Fauci AS; Kasper DL; Hauser SL; Longo DL; Jameson JL, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 15th ed. McGraw-Hill Companies, 2001 ;Preface xxxi. Over the subsequent 30 years, his division became one of the leading centers of training, research and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the United States. His research during this period included the description and elucidation of a new hereditary disorder of leucine metabolism called isovaleric acidemia, the definition of enzymatic defects in absorptive disorders, delineations of biochemical mechanism of nutrient absorption,PlotkinGR; Isselbacher KJ (Nov 12, 1964) Secondary Disaccharide Deficiency in Adult Celiac Disease New England Journal of Medicine 271 1033-1037 malabsorption,Isselbacher KJ (Jan- Feb 1965) Metabolism and Transport of Lipid by Intestinal Mucosa Federation Proceedings 24 16-22 and protein synthesis, derangements of metabolism and immunologic aspects of hepatic gastrointestinal diseases.
|
|
Guilleminault then went on to describe obstructive sleep apnea in non-obese patients, being the first to coin the term "obstructive sleep apnea syndrome" (OSAS), a term commonly used nowadays. In addition, he described the presence of OSAS in children, demonstrating its association with learning and attention problems along with cardiovascular derangements. Following this work, he went on to describe the presence of elevated upper airway resistance in children in 1982, emphasizing the symptoms of attention deficit, hyperactivity, and abnormal behavior during wakefulness and sleep, learning disabilities and sleepwalking, sleep terrors and enuresis that accompanied this form of sleep-related breathing disorder; he described the same syndrome in adults and penned the term "upper airway resistance syndrome" (UARS) in adults. Finally, working in collaboration with Dr. William C. Dement, Guilleminault established the Apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), which is still in use today to characterize the presence and severity of sleep apnea.
|
|
Full text online. Other chiropractic researchers have also questioned some of the claimed effects of vertebral subluxation: > The literature supports the existence of somatovisceral and viscerosomatic > reflexes, but there is little or no evidence to support the notion that the > spinal derangements (often referred to as subluxations by chiropractors) can > cause prolonged aberrant discharge of these reflexes. Equally unsupported in > the literature is the notion that the prolonged activation of these reflexes > will manifest into pathological state of tissues, and most relevantly, that > the application of spinal manipulative therapy can alter the prolonged > reflex discharge or be associated with a reversal of the pathological > degeneration of the affected reflexes or tissues. The evidence that has been > amassed is largely anecdotal or case report based and it has attracted much > intra disciplinary debate because of its frequent association with certain > approaches to management (largely described as being traditional or > "philosophical" in nature).
|
|
1.79, succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. In cancer, there are substantial metabolic derangements that occur to ensure the proliferation of tumor cells, and consequently metabolites can accumulate which serve to facilitate tumorigenesis, dubbed oncometabolites. Among the best characterized oncometabolites is 2-hydroxyglutarate which is produced through a heterozygous gain-of-function mutation (specifically a neomorphic one) in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) (which under normal circumstances catalyzes the oxidation of isocitrate to oxalosuccinate, which then spontaneously decarboxylates to alpha- ketoglutarate, as discussed above; in this case an additional reduction step occurs after the formation of alpha-ketoglutarate via NADPH to yield 2-hydroxyglutarate), and hence IDH is considered an oncogene. Under physiological conditions, 2-hydroxyglutarate is a minor product of several metabolic pathways as an error but readily converted to alpha-ketoglutarate via hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase enzymes (L2HGDH and D2HGDH) but does not have a known physiologic role in mammalian cells; of note, in cancer, 2-hydroxyglutarate is likely a terminal metabolite as isotope labelling experiments of colorectal cancer cell lines show that its conversion back to alpha-ketoglutarate is too low to measure.
|
|
Among the other contributions in this book, Whitworth was the first to use ordered Bell numbers to count the number of weak orderings of a set, in the 1886 edition. These numbers had been studied earlier by Arthur Cayley, but for a different problem.. He was the first to publish Bertrand's ballot theorem, in 1878; the theorem is misnamed after Joseph Louis François Bertrand, who rediscovered the same result in 1887.. He is the inventor of the E[X] notation for the expected value of a random variable X, still commonly in use,. and he coined the name "subfactorial" for the number of derangements of n items.. Another of Whitworth's contributions, in geometry, concerns equable shapes, shapes whose area has the same numerical value (with a different set of units) as their perimeter. As Whitworth showed with D. Biddle in 1904, there are exactly five equable triangles with integer sides: the two right triangles with side lengths (5,12,13) and (6,8,10), and the three triangles with side lengths (6,25,29), (7,15,20), and (9,10,17)..
|
|