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199 Sentences With "deorbited"

How to use deorbited in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "deorbited" and check conjugation/comparative form for "deorbited". Mastering all the usages of "deorbited" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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The ISS will almost certainly have to be deorbited and destroyed by 2030.
The FCC is developing rules for when spacecraft should be deorbited from these fleets.
Those satellites had not yet deorbited as of October 27, according to observations by McDowell.
Every year, a huge amount of obsolete space junk burns up when it is deorbited.
The time has come, however, for Tiangong-2 to be deorbited and, naturally, destroyed in the process.
But while parts of the spacecraft quickly deorbited, the 1,000-pound spherical descent and landing capsule survived.
At the time of writing, six of the original Iridium satellites launched in the late 90s have been successfully deorbited.
It's unclear whether they will be kept in orbit and used for limited internet service or intentionally deorbited by the company.
A little over a year after its first space station crashed down over the Pacific Ocean, China has deorbited its second, the Tiangong-2.
It's scheduled to be decommissioned in just five years, after which it may be handed off to commercial operators or simply deorbited, to crash into the Pacific.
The next very large object to fall to Earth after Tiangong-1 may be NASA's 12.25-ton Hubble Space Telescope, which could be deorbited as soon as 2021.
Add to that Mir's misadventures, including a dangerous collision and emergency fire, and you can understand why it was eventually deemed unsafe for further habitation, and deorbited in 2001.
Instead, space debris is monitored from Earth, and new rules require satellites in low-Earth orbit be deorbited after 25 years so they don't wind up adding more space junk.
If these stages go to a low enough orbit, they're usually deorbited on purpose; any remaining propellant is used to redirect the stage toward Earth and have it burn up in the atmosphere.
Like other objects that can be guided toward their doom, Hubble (as well as the International Space Station, eventually) will be deorbited in the "spacecraft graveyard": the most remote point of the Pacific Ocean.
Only two spacecraft have ever visited li'l Mercury: Mariner 10 in 1974 and 1975, and the Messenger mission—which orbited the planet from 2011 to 2015, when it was deorbited and crashed into the surface.
Satellite internet company OneWeb is planning to affix grappling tech made by Altius Space Machines to its small satellites in low-Earth orbit to make it easier for them to be deorbited should they fail.
When she shot into space in 1998 on the space shuttle Discovery's last trip to Mir, the since deorbited Soviet space station, the force pulled tears from her eyes and into her ears, where they pooled like puddles.
"The decision to end direct federal support for the ISS in 2025 does not imply that the platform itself will be deorbited at that time — it is possible that industry could continue to operate certain elements or capabilities of the ISS as part of a future commercial platform," an internal NASA document obtained by the Post reads.
The station was deorbited on 24 January 1975 over the Pacific Ocean.
Progress M-67 was successfully deorbited and burned up upon atmospheric reentry on 27 September 2009.
The spacecraft was deorbited with its return capsule descending by parachute for recovery by Soviet Forces.
Salyut 4 was deorbited February 2, 1977, and re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on February 3.
Salyut 4 was deorbited on 2 February 1977, and re-entered the Earth's atmosphere the next day.
Once the mission was complete, the spacecraft would have been deorbited by means of five solid rocket motors.
When the spacecraft consumes its propellant, JUICE is planned to be deorbited and impact Ganymede in February 2034.
Express-AT1 was launched on March 15, 2014 and both DirecTV-1R and Bonum 1 have since been deorbited.
It undocked at 08:40 UTC and deorbited in Pacific Ocean, on 4 June 2019 at 11:28 UTC.
All Birds-1 satellites deorbited in May 2019. BRAC Onnesha was the second to deorbit, decaying on 6 May 2019.
The ATV completed its mission successfully, and was deorbited on 3 October 2012, burning up in the Earth's atmosphere as planned.
Retrieved 2012-04-05. The ATV ultimately remained docked until September 2012, whereafter it deorbited and burned up in Earth's atmosphere as planned.
The satellite was deorbited on 13 February 2018, after 17 years and 10 months of service, setting a record for in-orbit life.
Progress M-23M undocked from the ISS on 21 July 2014, and was deorbited on 31 July after participating in the Radar-Progress experiment.
Progress M-21M undocked from the ISS on 9 June 2014 at 13:29 UTC and was deorbited the same day at 17:23 UTC.
The spacecraft docked with the Pirs module at 18:40 UTC on 5 August 2007. It remained docked for almost 139 days before undocking at 03:59 UTC on 22 December 2007. Following undocking it conducted technological experiments and research as part of the Plazma-Progress programme for a month prior to being deorbited. It was deorbited at 19:06 UTC on 22 January 2008.
The spacecraft docked with the Aft port of the Zvezda module at 05:10 UTC on 15 May. It remained docked for 127 days before undocking at 00:36:51 UTC on 19 September 2007. Following undocking it conducted research as part of the Plazma-Progress programme for a week prior to being deorbited. It was deorbited at 19:01 UTC on 25 September 2007.
Progress M-22M undocked from the ISS on 7 April 2014, and was deorbited on 18 April 2014 after supporting a scientific experiment in free-fly mode.
As the first generation were replaced and retired, flares became less frequent. The last of the first-generation satellites was deorbited on 27 December 2019, ending predictable Iridium flares.
On 21 June 2011, the ATV deorbited, burning up in the atmosphere as planned over the South Pacific Ocean at around 22:44 CET.ESA ATV blog. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
After eight days in orbit, Kosmos 143 was deorbited, with its return capsule descending under parachute, landing at 05:46 GMT on 7 March 1967, and recovered by Soviet force.
The satellite communicated with seven ground stations: one in each of the countries participating in the Birds-1 program, and one each in Thailand and Taiwan. The satellite deorbited 11 May 2019.
MightSat II.1 was launched on July 19, 2000 with a Minotaur I. It deorbited in November 2002 due to natural decay of its orbit, exceeding more than twice its nominal lifetime.
"The NG-12 spacecraft remains in excellent health as we carry out a few more weeks of in-orbit operations". The spacecraft was deorbited at about 23:00 UTC on 17 March 2020.
28 September 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2012. The spacecraft finally deorbited and performed a destructive re-entry over the Pacific Ocean on 3 October 2012, taking with it a payload of station waste.
It was released into space from the Nanoracks CubeSat Deployer on the ISS on 7 July 2017 and was used to monitor environmental activities along Ghana's coastline. The satellite deorbited on 22 May 2019.
Yantar-4K2 spacecraft are also designated Kobal't. Kosmos 2175 was deorbited, and recovered after atmospheric re-entry, on 20 March 1992, following a successful mission. Prior to this, two capsules had been returned with imagery aboard.
The research module, which was recovered on Soviet territory, containing exposed film and experiments carried out by the two crews who crewed the space station. The Salyut 5 space station was deorbited on 8 August 1977.
Progress M-1 was deorbited at 10:32:00 UTC, a few hours after it had undocked. It burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 11:21 UTC.
It remained docked until 6 February 2009, when it undocked at 04:10 UTC. It subsequently spent two days in free flight, before being deorbited, and burning up in the atmosphere at 08:19 UTC on 8 February 2009.
Several other Lunar probes ceased operations in 2009; Okina impacted the far side of the Moon on 12 February, Chang'e 1 was deorbited on 1 March, having completed its operations. Kaguya was also deorbited following a successful mission, impacting near Gill crater on 12 June. The Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft failed on 29 August, having operated for less than half of its design life. The Mars Science Laboratory and Fobos-Grunt missions to Mars had been scheduled for launch at the end of 2009, however both were delayed to 2011 to allow more time for the spacecraft to be developed.
Obama also announced an extension of funding for International Space Station operations, 90% complete by mass at the time of the speech but scheduled to be deorbited by as early as 2015 before Obama announced the extension, which will provide funding through 2020.
It successfully docked with the Tiangong-2 space laboratory on 22 April 2017 at 12:16 (UTC+8). Tianzhou 1 was deorbited on 22 September 2017. It plunged into Earth's atmosphere and burned up after a set of braking maneuvers under ground control.
It was launched on a Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station on 3 June 2017, after which it was released from the Kibō module. The satellite completed an orbit once every 92 minutes. The satellite deorbited on 6 May 2019.
It was deorbited on 8 December 2008, with the 142 second deorbit burn beginning at 08:02 UTC. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 08:49 UTC.
It remained docked for 171 days before undocking at 18:06 GMT on 15 October to make way for Progress M-43. It was deorbited later the same day. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean at around 23:29 GMT.
It remained docked for 83 days before undocking at 16:32:43 GMT on 26 April to make way for Progress M1-2. It was deorbited at 19:26:03 GMT, and burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean around fifty minutes later.
OPS-3 (or Almaz 103), announced after launch as Salyut 5, entered orbit on June 22, 1976. It was visited by two crews in mid-1976 and late 1977. Salyut 5 was deorbited on 8 August 1977, and broke up as it reentered the Earth's atmosphere.
Since it could not be refuelled, and no longer had the fuel to sustain manned operations, the KSI recoverable capsule was ejected and returned to Earth on 26 February. Salyut 5 was deorbited on 8 August 1977 and burned up as it reentered the Earth's atmosphere.
We-Wish was a small commercial CubeSat which was deployed from the International Space Station (ISS) in October 2012 and which deorbited in March 2013."WE-WISH". Aerospace.org. Retrieved 25 August 2015. It was built by the Japanese technology company Meisei Electric"We-Wish". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
The Tiangong 1 target module is then expected to be deorbited. A second space lab, Tiangong 2, launched on 15 September 2016, 22:04:09 (UTC+8). The launch mass was 8,600 kg, with a length of 10.4m and a width of 3.35m, much like the Tiangong 1.
The X-ray afterglow would then give a fine location. In 1997, the first fine location allowed detailed study of a GRB and its environ. Compton was deorbited in 2000; the NEAR mission was shut down in early 2001. In late 2001, the Mars Odyssey spacecraft again formed an interplanetary triangle.
It was deorbited around a day later, to a destructive reentry over the Pacific Ocean. Before undocking, a VBK-Raduga capsule launched aboard Progress M-17 had been installed on Progress M-18, and this separated once the deorbit burn was complete. The capsule landed successfully at 17:13 GMT.
During the 56 days for which it was docked with Mir, the station was in an orbit of around , with 51.6 degrees of inclination. Progress M-3 undocked at 20:24:43 GMT on 27 April to make way for Progress 42. It was deorbited at 00:00:00 GMT the next day.
On 20 June 2011, the European Space Agency's robotic cargo ship Johannes Kepler disengaged from the ISS, having been docked since February 2011. On 21 June 2011, the ATV was deorbited, burning up in the atmosphere over the southern Pacific Ocean at around 22:44 CET.ESA ATV blog. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
Progress M-15 undocked from Mir at 00:44:53 GMT on 4 February 1993, however it remained in orbit to conduct the Znamya 2 experiment, and research into autonomous flight. It was deorbited on 7 February, and burned up during reentry over the Pacific Ocean at around 08:03:35 GMT.
Infrared view of OTV1 after landing After completing its mission, the X-37B was deorbited, entered the atmosphere, and landed at Vandenberg Air Force Base on 3 December 2010. The X-37B is the second reusable spacecraft to perform an automated landing after returning from orbit, the first being the Soviet Buran spacecraft in 1988.
During the 75 days for which Progress M-8 was docked, Mir was in an orbit of around , inclined at 51.6 degrees. Progress M-8 undocked from Mir at 22:16:59 GMT on 15 August, and was deorbited the next day, to a destructive reentry over the Pacific Ocean at around 06:59:32.
During the 39 days for which Progress M-7 was docked, Mir was in an orbit of around , inclined at 51.6 degrees. Progress M-7 undocked from Mir at 22:59:36 GMT on 6 May, and was deorbited at 16:24:00 the next day, to a destructive reentry over the Pacific Ocean.
During the 46 days for which Progress M-11 was docked, Mir was in an orbit of around , inclined at 51.6 degrees. Progress M-11 undocked from Mir at 08:43:40 GMT on 13 March, and was deorbited few hours later, to a destructive reentry over the Pacific Ocean at around 15:47.
During the thirty eight days for which Progress M-9 was docked, Mir was in an orbit of approximately , inclined at 51.6 degrees. Progress M-9 undocked from Mir at 01:53:00 GMT on 30 September, and was deorbited few hours later at 07:45, to a destructive reentry over the Pacific Ocean.
Nigeria EduSat-1 was a Nigerian nanosatellite built by the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA), created in conjunction with the Japanese Birds-1 program. It was Nigeria's first satellite built by a university. It was launched from the Japanese Kibō module of the International Space Station. The satellite deorbited on 13 May 2019.
Dragon spent just under a month at the ISS: it was unberthed on 12 January 2018 at 10:47 UTC and was released from Canadarm2 on 13 January 2018 at 09:58 UTC. The spacecraft deorbited a few hours later, splashing down in the Pacific Ocean at 15:37 UTC carrying of equipment and science experiments.
On board the cubesat, there were camera payloads, which were used to take mapping images of Kenya and other East Africa countries within the vicinity of its orbit. The cubesat was designed to have a lifespan of one year and its operations were within the UN space use mitigation measures. 1KUNS-PF deorbited in June 2020.
Progress M-43 was deorbited after Progress M1-5 docked successfully. If Progress M1-5 had launched on 16 January, the Soyuz launch would have occurred on 10 February if it had been required. It was stood down around 22 February, after the decaying altitude of Mir made it too dangerous to send a crew to it.
During the 67 days for which Progress M-12 was docked, Mir was in an orbit of around , inclined at 51.6 degrees. Progress M-12 undocked from Mir at 21:34:44 GMT on 27 June, and was deorbited few hours later, to a destructive reentry over the Pacific Ocean at around 00:02:51 the next day.
The crew loaded it with garbage, after which it was undocked and deorbited three days later. Then Progress 9 was launched, docking with the facility on 29 April. The next day, the first- ever transfer of water between a tanker and a Salyut station was completed. Cargo transfers and refuelling operations were completed by 12 May.
On 1 July, Popov and Ryumin received Progress 10 at the station. Replacement equipment was unloaded from the supply tanker, as were regular crew supplies. Supplies included a Polaroid camera, a color television monitor, and tapes of Soviet pop music. The tanker was undocked from the complex on 17 July after refuelling the station and deorbited 19 July.
Progress M-03M departs the ISS. The spacecraft undocked from Pirs on 22 April 2010. Filled with trash and discarded space station items, the Progress ship was used for scientific experiments until it was deorbited, entering the Earth's atmosphere and burning up over the Pacific Ocean. The deorbit burn occurred at 18:07 UTC on 27 April 2010.
Kosmos 98 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 27 November 1965, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0° and an orbital period of 92.0 minutes. On 5 December 1965, after eight days in orbit, the satellite was deorbited with its return capsule descending by parachute for recovery by the Soviet Force.
Kosmos 105 was operated in a low Earth orbit; at an epoch of 22 January 1966 it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0° and an orbital period of 89.7 minutes. On 30 January 1966, after eight days in orbit, the satellite was deorbited with its return capsule descending by parachute for recovery by Soviet force.
It also acted as the reentry vehicle. Attached to it were two film return capsules (SpK Spuskayemaya Kapsula) which were 0.8m diameter spheres. They contained retro rockets and could land on the ground or on water. During a thirty-day mission the film return capsules deorbited on the tenth and eighteenth days with the final film returning with the re-entry vehicle.
It remained docked for 131 days before undocking at 19:37:02 UTC on 22 December 2004. to make way for Progress M-51. It was deorbited at 22:32:06 UTC on 22 December 2004. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 23:23:38 UTC.
After undocking, the spacecraft was transferred to a lower orbit. The Progress M-05M spacecraft spent 21 days orbiting a safe distance from the space station. The autonomous mission enabled Russian scientists to conduct geophysical experiments before spacecraft's demise. On 15 November 2010, Progress M-05M was deorbited and drowned in the South Pacific Ocean several thousand kilometers East of New Zealand.
The spacecraft was only intended to complete a single orbit, so it was deorbited shortly after launch, and reentered on its first pass over the Soviet Union. It landed at 08:09:54 UTC, and was successfully recovered. During the descent, the mannequin was ejected from the spacecraft in a test of its ejection seat, and descended separately under its own parachute.
Kosmos 68 was operated in a low Earth orbit; at an epoch of 17 June 1965 it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0° and an orbital period of 89.8 minutes. On 23 June 1965, after eight days in orbit, the satellite was deorbited with its return capsule descending by parachute for recovery by Soviet forces.
Kosmos 78 was operated in a low Earth orbit; at an epoch of 14 August 1965, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 69.0° and an orbital period of 89.9 minutes. On 22 August 1965, after eight days of operation the satellite was deorbited, with its return capsule descending by parachute for recovery by Soviet force.
After completing its mission, OTV-2 deorbited, entered the atmosphere, and landed at Vandenberg Air Force Base on 16 June 2012 at 05:48 PT (12:48 GMT). OTV-2 is the third reusable spaceplane to perform an automated landing after returning from orbit, the first being the Soviet Buran spacecraft in 1988 and the second, its sister craft, the OTV-1.
Kosmos 124 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 14 July 1966, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 51.8°, and an orbital period of 89.4 minutes. After eight days in orbit, Kosmos 124 was deorbited, with its return capsule descending under parachute, landing at 09:22 GMT on 22 July 1966, and recovered by Soviet force.
Kosmos 107 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 10 February 1966, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0° and an orbital period of 89.7 minutes. After eight days in orbit, Kosmos 107 was deorbited, with its return capsule descending under parachute, landing at 06:29 GMT on 18 February 1966, and recovered by Soviet force.
Kosmos 112 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 17 March 1966, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 72.0° and an orbital period of 92.1 minutes. After eight days in orbit, Kosmos 112 was deorbited, with its return capsule descending under parachute and landing at 05:31 GMT on 25 March 1966 et recovered by Soviet force.
Kosmos 117 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 6 May 1966, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0°, and an orbital period of 89.5 minutes. After eight days in orbit, Kosmos 117 was deorbited, with its return capsule descending under parachute and landing at 08:24 GMT on 14 May 1966 and recovered by Soviet force.
Kosmos 129 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 14 October 1966, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0°, and an orbital period of 89.4 minutes. After seven days in orbit, Kosmos 129 was deorbited, with its return capsule descending under parachute, landing at 06:14 GMT on 21 October 1966, and recovered by Soviet force.
Kosmos 132 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 19 November 1966, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0°, and an orbital period of 89.3 minutes. After spending eight days in orbit, Kosmos 132 was deorbited with its return capsule descending under parachute, landing at 07:12 GMT on 27 November 1966, and recovered by Soviet force.
It remained docked to the space station until 20 February 2011 when it undocked to make way for the Johannes Kepler Automated Transfer Vehicle. After undocking, it was deorbited to a destructive reentry over the spacecraft cemetery in the Pacific Ocean. Filled with trash and spent equipment on board the ISS, Progress M-07M drowned in the Pacific Ocean at 19:58 Moscow time.
The spacecraft docked with the Pirs module at 01:59 UTC on 20 January 2007. It remained docked for 193 days before undocking at 14:07 UTC on 1 August 2007. It was deorbited at 18:42 UTC the same day. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 19:26 UTC.
It was deorbited over the Pacific Ocean on 6 September 2010, with debris falling into an area known as the spacecraft cemetery. The retroburn was initiated at 16:13:50 Moscow time and the remaining parts of the Progress, which had not burnt during the reentry, fell down in the area of 42°07' South, 138°25' West at about 16:53 Moscow time.
It was launched by the Soviet Union, which was dissolved in December 1991, and along with most aspects of the Soviet space programme, Progress M-10 was inherited by Russia. It undocked from Mir at 07:13:44 GMT on 20 January 1992, and was deorbited few hours later to a destructive reentry over the Pacific Ocean. The Raduga capsule landed at 12:03:30 GMT.
For the first time, cosmonauts received television pictures in space. Seeing family, instead of just hearing them, was considered to have great psychological importance, especially as longer flights were contemplated. On 30 March, Progress 5 boosted the station's orbit, then Soyuz 32 boosted the orbit again 6 April in preparation for the forthcoming Soyuz 33 crew. Progress 5 was undocked 3 April and deorbited two days later.
TMA-14M remained docked to the ISS—serving as an emergency escape vehicle—until March 11, 2015, when it departed and returned Samokutyayev, Serova and Wilmore to Earth. After undocking from the ISS at 22:44 UTC on 11 March, the spacecraft deorbited and its descent module along with the mission crew landed safely just over three hours later, at 02:07 UTC on 12 March.
With the exception of Progress 20, all of the flights to Salyut stations were launched by Soyuz-U carrier rockets. Progress 20 and all of the Mir flights used the more powerful Soyuz-U2 carrier rocket. The last spacecraft, Progress 42, was launched on 5 May 1990. It was deorbited on 27 May 1990, breaking up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean at around 12:27 UTC.
The spacecraft docked with the Pirs module at 08:14 UTC on 26 December 2007. The Pirs module had previously been occupied by Progress M-61, which undocked on 22 December 2007.NASA: Expedition 16/Progress 27 Progress M-62 remained docked for 40 days before undocking at 10:32 UTC on 4 February 2008. Following undocking it conducted Earth observation experiments for eleven days prior to being deorbited.
It was deorbited at 09:44 UTC on 15 February 2008. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 13:29 UTC. Progress M-62 carried supplies to the International Space Station, including food, water and oxygen for the crew and equipment for conducting scientific research. It carried over of propellant, of oxygen and of dry cargo.
The spacecraft docked with the aft port of the Zvezda module at 23:57:45 UTC on 25 December 2004. It remained docked for 64 days before undocking at 16:06:30 UTC on 27 February 2005. to make way for Progress M-52 Between undocking and deorbit, Progress M-51 was used for a series of tests. It was deorbited at 16:17:00 UTC on 9 March 2005.
It remained docked for 75 days before undocking at 04:04:49 UTC on 1 November to make way for Soyuz TM-31. It was deorbited at 07:05:00 UTC on the same day. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 07:53:20 UTC. Progress M1-3 carried supplies to the International Space Station.
The spacecraft docked with the aft port of the Zvezda module at 05:36:30 UTC on 29 June 2002. Prior to docking it was used to conduct tests of the Kurs docking system. It remained docked for 87 days before undocking at 13:58:49 UTC on 24 September 2002 to make way for Progress M1-9. It was deorbited at 09:34:00 UTC on 14 October 2002.
The spacecraft docked with the aft port of the Zvezda module at 13:13:11 UTC on 31 January 2004. It remained docked for 114 days before undocking at 09:19:29 UTC on 24 May 2004 to make way for Progress M-49. Following undocking, it remained in orbit for ten days, conducting tests of its attitude control system. It was deorbited at 09:50 UTC on 3 June 2004.
Progress M1-5, which had originally been built to resupply and refuel either Mir or the International Space Station, was selected to perform the deorbit manoeuvre. Its mission earned it the nickname Hearse. It was a Progress-M1 11F615A55 spacecraft, with the serial number 254. An uninhabited area of the southern Pacific Ocean was selected for the station to be deorbited into, as had been done with five earlier Salyut spacecraft.
Ariel 3 had an orbital period of approximately 95 minutes, with an apogee of 608 km and a perigee of 497 km. It initially spun at 31 rpm for stability, though by the time the Ariel 3 deorbited, it had slowed to a rate of about 1 rpm. On 24 October 1967 the tape recorder aboard Ariel 3 began to malfunction. This restricted observation to real-time operation only.
The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) was the first-ever space telescope to perform a survey of the entire night sky at infrared wavelengths. Following the end of its mission, the 1.1 metric-ton satellite was not deorbited and constitutes a space hazard. Launched on 25 January 1983, its mission lasted ten months. The telescope was a joint project of the United States (NASA), the Netherlands (NIVR), and the United Kingdom (SERC).
Kosmos 214 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 18 April 1968, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 81.4°, and an orbital period of 90.3 minutes. After eight days in orbit, Kosmos 214 was deorbited, with its return capsule descending under parachute and landing at 09:36 GMT on 26 April 1968, and recovered by the Soviet forces in the steppe in Kazakhstan.
The spacecraft docked with the Pirs module at 16:25 UTC on 26 June. It remained docked for 204 days before undocking at 23:23:52 UTC on 16 January 2007 to make way for Progress M-59. It was deorbited at 02:29 UTC on 17 January 2007. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 03:15:20 UTC.
The spacecraft docked with the aft port of the Zvezda module at 14:42:03 UTC on 10 September 2005. It remained docked for 175 days before undocking at 10:06:10 UTC on 3 March 2006. It was deorbited at 13:05:00 UTC on 3 March 2006. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 13:52:18 UTC.
It remained docked for 47 days before undocking at 08:48 UTC on 16 April 2001. It was deorbited at 13:23 UTC the same day. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 14:11 UTC. Progress M-44 carried supplies to the International Space Station, including food, water and oxygen for the crew and equipment for conducting scientific research.
Following two days of free flight, it docked with the forward docking port of the core module at 12:26:50 GMT on 29 September. During the 59 days for which Progress M-5 was docked, Mir was in an orbit of around , inclined at 51.6 degrees. Progress M-5 undocked from Mir at 06:15:46 GMT on 28 November, and was deorbited a few hours later at 10:24:28.
An earlier docking attempt on 2 July had been unsuccessful. During the 19 days for which Progress M-13 was docked, Mir was in an orbit of around , inclined at 51.6 degrees. Progress M-13 undocked from Mir at 04:14:00 GMT on 24 July to make way for Soyuz TM-15, and was deorbited few hours later, to a destructive reentry over the Pacific Ocean at around 08:03:35.
As a result, most of the station's occupants were Soviet; through international collaborations such as the Intercosmos, Euromir and Shuttle–Mir programmes, the station was made accessible to space travellers from several Asian, European and North American nations. Mir was deorbited in March 2001 after funding was cut off. The cost of the Mir programme was estimated by former RKA General Director Yuri Koptev in 2001 as $4.2 billion over its lifetime (including development, assembly and orbital operation).
BeppoSAX was launched in 1996 and deorbited in 2003. It predominantly studied X-rays, but also observed gamma-ray bursts. By identifying the first non-gamma ray counterparts to gamma-ray bursts, it opened the way for their precise position determination and optical observation of their fading remnants in distant galaxies. The High Energy Transient Explorer 2 (HETE-2) was launched in October 2000 (on a nominally 2-year mission) and was still operational (but fading) in March 2007.
Almaz-1 – The third Almaz-T spacecraft was launched on March 31, 1991, under the name Almaz-1. After the launch a failure of the communications antenna designed to downlink the imagery via the Luch relay satellite was noted. Also one of the solar panels failed to deploy completely, leaving the main radar panel of the spacecraft partially blocked. After 18 months of successful work the Almaz-1 was deorbited on October 17, 1992, over the Pacific Ocean.
The spacecraft docked with the aft port of the Zvezda module at 14:28:46 UTC on 26 October 2006. During docking a problem with the spacecraft's telemetry system produced a false reading that an antenna associated with its Kurs docking system had failed to retract, complicating the docking procedure. It remained docked for 152 days before undocking at 18:11 UTC on 27 March 2007. It was deorbited at 22:44:30 UTC on 27 March 2007.
It was deorbited at 11:50 UTC on 7 April 2008. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 12:36 UTC. Progress M-63 carried supplies to the International Space Station, including food, water and oxygen for the crew and equipment for conducting scientific research. Its cargo consisted of over of propellant, of oxygen and air, approximately of water and of dry cargo.
The spacecraft docked with the aft port of the Zvezda module at 03:40:45 UTC on 31 August. It remained docked for 150 days before undocking at 08:35:56 UTC on 28 January 2004 to make way for Progress M1-11. It was deorbited at 13:11 UTC on the same day. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 13:57:12 UTC.
The spacecraft docked with the Pirs module at 19:46:18 UTC on 23 December 2005. It remained docked for almost 179 days before undocking at 14:06:01 UTC on 19 June 2006 to make way for Progress M-57. It was deorbited at 17:06:01 UTC on 19 June 2006. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 17:53:14 UTC.
The spacecraft docked with the nadir port of the Zvezda module at 01:05 UTC on 17 September 2001. It remained docked for nine days before it was jettisoned from Pirs at 15:36 UTC on 26 September 2001. It was deorbited at 23:30 UTC on the same day, and burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 00:01 UTC on 27 September 2001.
Progress M-43, which had originally been launched to carry supplies and raise Mir's orbit, in anticipation of crewed flights which were never launched, was subsequently deorbited at 02:12 GMT on 29 January, burning up during re-entry at 02:58. Free-flights of Progress spacecraft typically lasted two days from launch to docking with Mir, however Progress M1-5 took three days to reach Mir in order to conserve fuel for the deorbit burn.
Atlas V is the launch vehicle of the CST-100. The first launch of an uncrewed CST-100 capsule occurred atop a human-rated Atlas V on the morning of December 20, 2019, however an anomaly with the Mission Elapsed Time clock aboard the CST-100 caused the spacecraft to enter a suboptimal orbit. As a result, the CST-100 could not achieve orbital insertion to reach the International Space Station, and instead deorbited after two days.
The spacecraft Soyuz 15 was launched on 26 August 1974, carrying a two-man crew consisting of commander Gennadi Sarafanov and flight engineer Lev Demin. They were intended to be the second crew to man Salyut 3, but they failed to dock, after their Igla rendezvous system on their Soyuz spacecraft malfunctioned, and they were unable to manually dock.Portree, p. 27 Due to the limited battery life of their Soyuz spacecraft, they deorbited and landed two days after launch.
Kosmos 1792 was a Soviet reconnaissance satellite which was launched in 1986. A Yantar-4K2 satellite, it operated for almost two months before being deorbited and recovered. Launched at 10:59 UTC on November 13, 1986 using a Soyuz-U rocket flying from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kosmos 1792 was operated in low Earth orbit until it was recovered on January 5, 1987. In addition to the main spacecraft, two separable film capsules were also returned during the satellite's mission.
Upon successfully reaching orbit, it was assigned the Harvard designation 1961 Alpha Gamma 1. Discoverer 32 was operated in a low Earth orbit, with a perigee of , an apogee of , 81.6 degrees of inclination, and a period of 90.3 minutes. The satellite had a mass of , and was equipped with a panoramic camera with a focal length of , which had a maximum resolution of . Images were recorded onto film, and returned in a Satellite Recovery Vehicle, which was deorbited one day after launch.
Upon successfully reaching orbit, it was assigned the Harvard designation 1961 Pi 1. Discoverer 26 was operated in a low Earth orbit, with a perigee of , an apogee of , 82.9 degrees of inclination, and a period of 94 minutes. The satellite had a mass of , and was equipped with a panoramic camera with a focal length of , which had a maximum resolution of . Images were recorded onto film, and returned in a Satellite Recovery Vehicle, which was deorbited two days after launch.
The spacecraft docked with the aft port of the Zvezda module at 17:41:31 UTC on 26 April 2006. It remained docked for 146 days before undocking at 00:28:17 UTC on 19 September 2006 to make way for Soyuz TMA-9. It was deorbited at 03:28 UTC on 19 September 2006. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 04:14:40 UTC.
The spacecraft docked with the aft port of the Zvezda module at 13:54:43 UTC on 27 May. It remained docked for 64 days before undocking at 06:04:48 UTC on 30 July 2004 to make way for Progress M-50. It was deorbited at 10:37:00 GMT on the same day. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 11:23:35 UTC.
It remained docked for 91 days before undocking at 06:02 UTC on 22 August 2001 to make way for Progress M-45. It was deorbited at 09:00 UTC on the same day, burning up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 09:50 UTC. Progress M1-6 carried supplies to the International Space Station, including food, water and oxygen for the crew and equipment for conducting scientific research.
The spacecraft docked with the aft port of the Zvezda module at 20:57:56 UTC on 24 March 2002. It remained docked for 93 days before undocking at 08:26:30 UTC on 25 June 2002 to make way for Progress M-46. It was deorbited at 11:35:00 UTC on the same day. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 12:26:52 UTC.
The spacecraft docked with the aft port of the Zvezda module at 14:49:04 UTC on 4 February 2003. It remained docked for almost 204 days before undocking at 22:48:08 UTC on 27 August 2003. to make way for Progress M-48 It was deorbited at 01:49 UTC the next day. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 02:37:46 UTC.
Kosmos 147 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 13 March 1967, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0°, and an orbital period of 89.5 minutes. After eight days in orbit, Kosmos 147 was deorbited, with its return capsule descending under parachute and landing at 06:29 GMT on 21 March 1967, and recovered by the Soviet forces. An unspecified problem with the satellite resulted in the mission being considered a partial failure.
The flight lasted one day, after which the spacecraft was deorbited ahead of its planned recovery. The deorbit burn began at 07:15 UTC on 2 December, however the engine did not cut off as planned at the end of the burn, and instead the spacecraft's fuel burned to depletion. This resulted in it reentering the atmosphere on a trajectory which might have permitted foreign powers to inspect the capsule. To prevent this, an explosive charge was detonated during reentry.
Progress M-16 remained docked with Mir for 30 days, during which time it was in an orbit of around , inclined at 51.6 degrees. It undocked from Mir at 06:50:00 GMT on 26 March, before redocking with the same port at 07:06:03 to test its docking systems. It undocked for the final time at 04:21:00 GMT on 27 March, and was deorbited few hours later at 10:25:00, to a destructive reentry over the Pacific Ocean.
Following its successful arrival in orbit the spacecraft received its Kosmos designation; along with the International Designator 1965-103A and the Satellite Catalog Number 01817. Kosmos 99 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 10 December 1965, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0° and an orbital period of 89.6 minutes. On 18 December 1965, after eight days in orbit, the satellite was deorbited with its return capsule descending by parachute for recovery by the Soviet force.
After completing its mission, Juno will be intentionally deorbited into Jupiter's atmosphere. Juno mission is to measure Jupiter's composition, gravity field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere. It will also search for clues about how the planet formed, including whether it has a rocky core, the amount of water present within the deep atmosphere, mass distribution, and its deep winds, which can reach speeds up to . Juno is the second spacecraft to orbit Jupiter, after the nuclear powered Galileo orbiter, which orbited from 1995 to 2003.
It was captured by the Canadarm2 at 10:54 UTC and was berthed to the Harmony node at 13:50 UTC. On 3 August 2018, Dragon was released from ISS at 16:38 UTC and deorbited, splashing down in the Pacific Ocean approximately 5 hours later at 22:17 UTC, returning more than of cargo to Earth. It is reported that the Dragon spacecraft may have experienced some parachute anomaly during its flight to the ISS, but it did not prevent the capsule from successful splashdown.
Kosmos 1870 – On July 25, 1987, Almaz-T2, the second Almaz-T spacecraft, successfully reached orbit with an inclination 71.92 degrees toward the Equator and it was officially identified as Kosmos-1870. The spacecraft functioned for two years, providing radar imagery with a resolution down to 25 meters, until it was deorbited on July 30, 1989. It was the first commercial radar satellite, according to Art Dula (chairman of Excalibur Almaz), who worked in a company marketing the radar images gathered by the satellite.
The spacecraft docked with the port of the Zarya module at 20:10:08 UTC on 2 March 2005. It remained docked for 105 days before undocking at 20:16:10 UTC on 15 June 2005 to make way for Progress M-53. It was deorbited at 23:16:00 UTC on 15 June 2005. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 00:02:41 UTC on 16 June 2005.
The spacecraft docked with the aft port of the Zvezda module at 00:41:31 UTC on 19 June 2005. The docking was conducted using the backup TORU system, under the control of cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, due to a power failure at one of the spacecraft's ground control stations. It remained docked for 80 days before undocking at 10:25:57 UTC on 7 September 2005 to make way for Progress M-54. It was deorbited at 13:26:00 UTC on 7 September 2005.
Progress M1-7 remained docked to the ISS for 112 days before undocking at 17:43 UTC on 19 March 2002 to make way for Progress M1-8. It was deorbited at 01:27 UTC on 20 March 2002. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 02:20 UTC. Progress M1-7 carried supplies to the International Space Station, including food, water and oxygen for the crew and equipment for conducting scientific research.
In contrast, the main US modules launched on the Space Shuttle and were attached to the ISS by crews during EVAs. Connections for electrical power, data, propulsion, and cooling fluids are also made at this time, resulting in an integrated block of modules that is not designed for disassembly and must be deorbited as one mass. The Axiom Orbital Segment is a planned commercial segment to be added to the ISS starting in the mid 2020s. Axiom Space gained NASA approval for the venture in January 2020.
The satellite reached a slightly lower orbit than had been planned, but was still able to complete its mission. Kosmos 138 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 19 January 1967, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0°, and an orbital period of 89.2 minutes. After 8 days in orbit, Kosmos 138 was deorbited, with its return capsule descending under parachute, landing at 06:14 GMT on 27 January 1967, and recovered by Soviet force.
Soyuz 35 was launched 9 April 1980 with Leonid Popov and Valery Ryumin aboard for a planned rendezvous with the orbiting Salyut 6 space station. The launch followed increased recent activity with the uncrewed space station. An uncrewed test craft, Soyuz T-1, spent several months docked to the station until it was undocked 23 March and deorbited 25 March. Progress 8, an uncrewed supply tanker, was launched almost immediately afterwards, on 27 March, and it docked with the rear dock port of the two-dock facility.
The spacecraft docked with the Pirs module of the ISS at 07:18 UTC on 13 February 2009. It undocked at 15:18 UTC on 6 May 2009, to make way for Progress M-02M. It was deorbited at 14:28:30 UTC on 18 May 2009 following twelve days of free flight, during which it conducted experiments as part of the Plazma-Progress programme. Any debris from Progress M-66 that survived re-entry landed in the Pacific Ocean at around 15:14:45 UTC.
The 9-kg student satellite flew a 300-metre (980 ft) electrodynamic tether made from ultra-thin wires of stainless steel and aluminium.Justin McCurry, Scientists in Japan to put Stars-2 satellite into orbit to trial space cleanup, The Guardian, 27 February 2014 (accessed 7 July 2016) The mission completed after two months and deorbited on 26 April 2014. One objective of this program was to demonstrate possible technology for de- orbiting space debris. The experiment was only partially successful, and tether deployment could not be confirmed.
Kvant-1, having, unlike the four modules mentioned above, no engines of its own, was launched attached to a tug based on the TKS spacecraft which delivered the module to the aft end of the core module instead of the docking node. Once hard docking had been achieved, the tug undocked and deorbited itself. The docking module, meanwhile, was launched aboard during STS-74 and mated to the orbiter's Orbiter Docking System. Atlantis then docked, via the module, to Kristall, then left the module behind when it undocked later in the mission.
Mazaalai (; ) was a Mongolian nanosatellite CubeSat that was launched into space on 3 June 2017 as part of the SpaceX CRS-11 mission. Released into space from the Nanoracks CubeSat Deployer on the Kibō module of the International Space Station on 7 July 2017, Mazaalai was the first Mongolian satellite in space. It had imaging capabilities and could transmit songs back to Earth, but its primary mission involved performing experiments including GPS location, air density measurement, and investigation of cosmic radiation. The mission ended when the satellite deorbited 11 May 2019.
Meteor M 11F614, Encyclopedia Astronautica, accessed 17 September 2013 The satellite provided near-global observations of the earth's weather systems, cloud cover, ice and snow fields, and reflected and emitted radiation from the dayside and nightside of the earth-atmosphere system for operational use by the Soviet meteorological service. Some of the processed data and TV pictures from the satellite were distributed to meteorological centers on the world. Meteor-1-1 deorbited and fell in Antarctica on 26 March 2012, on the anniversary of its launch 43 years earlier, according to the Russian Defense Ministry.
On 23 March 2016 (UTC), Cygnus CRS OA-6 was successfully launched by the Atlas V into low Earth orbit. During the flight, the rocket had a first-stage anomaly that led to shutdown of the first-stage engine approximately five seconds before anticipated. The anomaly forced the Centaur upper stage of the rocket to fire for approximately one minute longer than planned, using reserved fuel margin, but did not significantly impact payload orbital insertion. The preplanned deorbit burn successfully deorbited the stage, but not precisely within the designated location.
The spacecraft docked with the Pirs module at 11:14:53 UTC on 11 June 2003. It remained docked for 85 days before undocking at 19:41:44 UTC on 4 September 2003 to make way for Soyuz TMA-3. Following undocking, it remained in orbit for a month, conducting an earth observation mission. It was deorbited at 11:26 UTC on 3 October 2003, burning up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 12:38:49 UTC.
The spacecraft docked with the aft port of the Zvezda module at 17:00:54 UTC on 29 September 2002. It remained docked for 125 days before undocking at 16:00:54 GMT on 1 February 2003. to make way for Progress M-47 It was deorbited at 19:10:00 UTC on the same day, burning up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean just six hours after the had disintegrated over Texas. Any remaining debris from Progress M1-9 landed in the ocean at around 20:00:28 UTC.
The spacecraft docked with the aft port of the Zvezda module at 09:51:32 UTC on 23 August 2001. It remained docked for 91 days before undocking at 16:12:01 UTC on 22 November 2001 to make way for Progress M1-7. It left debris on the docking port which prevented Progress M1-7 from achieving a hard dock until it was removed during an EVA on 3 December 2001. Progress M-45 was deorbited at 20:48:00 UTC on the same day that it undocked.
The spacecraft stayed in an autonomous flight for 60 days after undocking and take part in the Reflection geophysical experiment to study reflective characteristics of the freighter's hull and the transparency of the Earth's atmosphere. Progress M-04M was deorbited on 1 July 2010 over the Pacific Ocean. The deorbit burn began at 13:54 UTC. At about 14:40, remaining parts of the spacecraft which had not burnt during the reentry, fell down in the south area of the Pacific Ocean, 37°47′ South, and 235°09′ West.
In 2012, Meisei Electric designed and built its first satellite, the We-Wish CubeSat. We-Wish, a miniature infrared monitoring satellite built using the standardised CubeSat architecture, was developed with the assistance of amateur radio operators, and its data was made available to Japanese high school students. It was carried to orbit along with several other CubeSats aboard Japan's Kounotori 3 spacecraft in July 2012, and was launched from the International Space Station on 4 October 2012. The CubeSat destructively deorbited as intended on 11 March 2013, after over 150 days of successful operation.
Vostok-2, s/n T15000-07, was used to launch Kosmos 7. The launch was conducted from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and occurred at 09:18:31 GMT on 28 July 1962. Kosmos 7 was placed into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 64.95°, and an orbital period of 90.1 minutes. It conducted a four-day mission, before being deorbited and landing by parachute on 1 August 1962, and recovered by the Soviet forces in the steppe in Kazakhstan.
The Russian government claimed that this exercise was a test of the U.S. missile defense program. The defense ministry of Russia accused the U.S. of using hydrazine as a cover for the test of an ASAT. It also noted that extraordinary measures had never before been needed to deal with the many spacecraft that had fallen to Earth. Indeed, the New York Times had paraphrased Gordon Johndroe, spokesman for the United States National Security Council, as stating that 328 objects had deorbited (controlled and uncontrolled) in the previous five-year period.
It docked with the forward port of Mir's Core module at 05:26:13 GMT on 17 August. During the month for which Progress M-4 was docked, Mir was in an orbit of around , inclined at 51.6 degrees. Progress M-4 undocked from Mir at 12:42:43 GMT on 17 September, and was deorbited three days later on 20 September, with the deorbit burn starting at 11:04:27. It burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 11:42:49.
It docked with the aft port of the Kvant-1 module of Mir at 05:41:21 GMT on 22 December. During the time it was docked, Mir was in an orbit of around . Progress M-2 remained docked with Mir for forty eight days before undocking at 02:33:07 GMT on 9 February 1990 to make way for the Soyuz TM-9 spacecraft, carrying the EO-6 crew to the station. Progress M-2 was deorbited at 07:07:00 GMT, a few hours after it had undocked.
Following two days of free flight, it docked with the aft port of the Kvant-1 module of Mir at 16:35:25 GMT on 16 January. During the 58 days for which Progress M-6 was docked with it, Mir was in an orbit of around , inclined at 51.6 degrees. Progress M-6 undocked from Mir at 12:46:41 GMT on 15 March, and was deorbited a few hours later at 17:14:00. It burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean at around 18:07:26.
During this time, Progress M-17 was used for further tests of the spacecraft's longevity. After being manoeuvred into an orbit away from the station, its systems were deactivated and it was kept in a low-power configuration. On 2 March the spacecraft was reactivated and successfully completed a series of manoeuvres to prove that it could still operate after having been in orbit for so long. The next day, Progress M-17 was deorbited and reentered the atmosphere over the South America, breaking up at around 03:28 GMT.
The Vostok-2, s/n T15000-03, was used to launch Kosmos 10. The launch was conducted from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and occurred at 09:21 GMT on 21 October 1962. Kosmos 10 was placed into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0°, and an orbital period of 90.2 minutes. It conducted a four-day mission, before being deorbited and landing by parachute on 21 October 1962, and recovered by the Soviet forces in the steppe in Kazakhstan.
The Vostok-2, s/n T15000-06, was used to launch Kosmos 9. The launch was conducted from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and occurred at 09:39:51 GMT on 27 September 1962. Kosmos 9 was placed into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0°, and an orbital period of 90.9 minutes. It conducted a four-day mission, before being deorbited and landing by parachute on 1 October 1962, and recovered by the Soviet forces in the steppe in Kazakhstan.
Once the cosmonauts had unloaded the cargo delivered by Progress 1, they loaded refuse onto the freighter for disposal. On 6 February 1978, Progress 1 was catalogued in a low Earth orbit with a perigee of and an apogee of , inclined at 51.66° and with a period of 91.3 minutes. Progress 1 undocked from Salyut 6 at 05:54 UTC on 6 February. It remained in orbit for two more days, finally being deorbited to a destructive reentry over the Pacific Ocean at around 02:45 UTC on 8 February 1978.
On 4 November, the day after it was deployed, Sputnik 40 was in a low Earth orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 51.6 degrees, and a period of 92.13 minutes. The satellite was given the International Designator 1997-058C, and was catalogued by the United States Space Command as 24958. It ceased operations on 29 December 1997 when its batteries expired, and subsequently decayed from orbit on 21 May 1998. The backup satellite remained aboard Mir, and was destroyed when Mir was deorbited on 23 March 2001.
The spacecraft docked with the nadir port of the Zarya module at 21:39:20 UTC on 16 May 2008, two minutes behind schedule, by means of the Kurs system. Following undocking at 19:46 UTC on 1 September 2008, it spent a week in free- flight conducting experiments for the Plazma-Progress programme. It was deorbited on 8 September 2008, with the deorbit burn beginning at 20:47 UTC. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean, with any remaining debris landing in the ocean at around 21:33 UTC.
Kosmos 115 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 22 April 1966, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0° and an orbital period of 89.3 minutes. After eight days in orbit, Kosmos 115 was deorbited, with its return capsule descending under parachute and landing at 09:07 GMT on 28 April 1966 and the capsule was recovered by Soviet force. There was abnormal operation of a SA-10 camera. Due to a camera malfunction, the satellite failed to take all of the images it had been programmed to produce.
This was the first time a Voskhod had been used to launch a Zenit-2 satellite; previous launches had used Vostok-2 rockets while the Voskhod was typically used to launch Zenit-4 spacecraft. Kosmos 120 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 8 June 1966, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 51.8° and an orbital period of 89.4 minutes. After eight days in orbit, Kosmos 120 was deorbited, with its return capsule descending under parachute, landing at 09:36 GMT on 16 June 1966, and recovered by Soviet force.
If the crew became sick or injured during the course of their mission, they would enter the rescue vehicle through a hatched docking mechanism. With execution of a short procedure, the crew return vehicles would automatically fly the crew members safely to Earth. Once undocked, the vehicle would be deorbited using a deorbital propulsion system (DPS). The eight-thruster DPS would adjust the spacecraft's attitude and retrofire to slow the X-38 down, allowing gravitational attraction to pull it back into Earth's atmosphere. A DPS module was developed by Aerojet and delivered to Johnson Space Center in 2002 for V-201.
South Pacific on 23 March 2001. Following the 8 June 1998 departure of Discovery, the EO-25 crew of Budarin and Musabayev remained on Mir, completing materials experiments and compiling a station inventory. On 2 July, Roskosmos director Yuri Koptev announced that, due to a lack of funding to keep Mir active, the station would be deorbited in June 1999. The EO-26 crew of Gennady Padalka and Sergei Avdeyev arrived on 15 August in Soyuz TM-28, alongside physicist Yuri Baturin, who departed with the EO-25 crew on 25 August in Soyuz TM-27.
Following its undocking, Progress M1-4 spent 25 days in free flight, prior to redocking with the same port on 26 December at 11:03:13 UTC. Like the original docking, the TORU system was used, as although the fault with the Kurs system had been resolved, the procedure used to abort the original Kurs docking attempt was irreversible due to the retraction of an antenna that could not be redeployed. It remained docked for 44 days before undocking again at 11:26:04 UTC on 8 February 2001. It was deorbited at 12:59 UTC on the same day.
Kosmos-1669 was launched by a Soyuz-U carrier rocket from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, at 13:05 UTC on 19 July 1985. The spacecraft docked with the aft port of Salyut 7 at 15:05 UTC on 21 July 1985. Following undocking on 28 August 1985, it moved away from the station, before returning and redocking to test the reliability of the docking system. It undocked for a second time at 21:50 UTC, and was deorbited on 30 August 1985, with the spacecraft burning up over the Pacific Ocean at 01:20 UTC.
This burst provided the first strong clue about the nature of the systems that produce GRBs.Galama 1998 NASA's Swift Spacecraft launched in November 2004 BeppoSAX functioned until 2002 and CGRO (with BATSE) was deorbited in 2000. However, the revolution in the study of gamma-ray bursts motivated the development of a number of additional instruments designed specifically to explore the nature of GRBs, especially in the earliest moments following the explosion. The first such mission, HETE-2,Ricker 2003 was launched in 2000 and functioned until 2006, providing most of the major discoveries during this period.
PK-3 Plus logo The Plasmakristall-3 Plus (PK-3 Plus) laboratory was a joint Russian-German laboratory for the investigation of dusty/complex plasmas on board the International Space Station (ISS), with the principal investigators at the German Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics and the Russian Institute for High Energy Densities. It was the successor to the PKE Nefedov experiment with improvements in hardware, diagnostics and software. The laboratory was launched in December 2005 and was operated for the first time in January 2006. It was used in 21 missions until it was deorbited in 2013.
The initial commercial failure of Iridium had a damping effect on other proposed commercial satellite constellation projects, including Teledesic. Other schemes (Orbcomm, ICO Global Communications, and Globalstar) followed Iridium into bankruptcy protection, while a number of other proposed schemes were never constructed. In August 2000, Motorola announced that the Iridium satellites would have to be deorbited; however, they remained in orbit and operational. In December 2000, the US government stepped in to save Iridium by providing $72 million in exchange for a two-year contract and approving the fire-sale of the company from US bankruptcy court for $25 million, in March 2001.
It failed to reach Landing Zone 1, but recovered enough to achieve a water landing off Cape Canaveral. Shortly after the landing, Elon Musk, CEO of SpaceX, stated the booster appeared undamaged and was being recovered. He also stated that if the damage is not enough to retire the booster, it "could be used for an internal SpaceX mission in the future". On 13 January 2019, Dragon was released from ISS at 23:33 UTC and deorbited, splashing down in the Pacific Ocean approximately 5 hours later on 14 January at 05:10 UTC, returning more than of cargo to Earth.
Gemini 6A lifted off on December 15 and successfully rendezvoused with Gemini 7 after five hours of flight. The two spacecraft maneuvered to within one foot of each other and kept station for 5 hours. Following the rendezvous, Gemini 6A deorbited on December 16 and was recovered in the Atlantic ocean southeast of Cape Canaveral by the . While on the Gemini mission, Schirra played a Christmas practical joke on the flight controllers by first reporting a mock UFO (implying Santa Claus) sighting, then playing "Jingle Bells" on a four-hole Hohner harmonica he had smuggled on board, accompanied by Stafford on sleigh bells.
Only one of the three intended crews successfully boarded and manned the station, brought by Soyuz 14; Soyuz 15 attempted to bring a second crew but failed to dock. Although little official information has been released about the station, several sources report that it contained multiple Earth-observation cameras, as well as an on-board gun. The station was deorbited, and re-entered the atmosphere on 24 January 1975. The next space station launched by the Soviet Union was the civilian station Salyut 4; the next military station was Salyut 5, which was the final Almaz space station.
The ejected capsule was deorbited by small engines. NASA sources report that the parachute of Salyut 3's capsule opened at an altitude of 8.4 km. Other sources say the main parachute did not open, and the capsule was deformed upon landing, but that all the film was recoverable. Also following the decision to not send any more cosmonauts to the station, the on-board gun was commanded by the ground to be fired; some sources say it was fired to depletion, while other sources say three test firings took place at the end of the mission.
The Electron third stage, which is powered by Curie, is equipped with its own reaction control system, avionics, power, and communication systems. During the first flight in January 2018 where Curie was tested, the Electron third stage also referred to as the "kick stage", coasted for roughly 40 minutes after successfully deploying an Earth-imaging Dove satellite built by the company Planet Labs, and then ignited the Curie engine on its first in-space test. After this test, the stage was left in orbit. However, Rocket Lab stated that future launches would have the stage deorbited after releasing their payloads to prevent addition to space debris.
The launch took place at 12:00:01 GMT on 19 December 1966, and following its successful arrival in orbit the spacecraft received its Kosmos designation; along with the International Designator 1966-115A and the Satellite Catalog Number 02624. Kosmos 136 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 19 December 1966, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 64.6°, and an orbital period of 89.4 minutes. After eight days in orbit, Kosmos 136 was deorbited, with its return capsule descending under parachute, landing at 06:00 GMT on 27 December 1966, and recovered by Soviet force.
It conducted a four-day mission, to measure radiation before and after the US nuclear tests conducted during project Starfish Prime. However, leaks from the oxygen system tanks used for the orientation system resulted in the premature return of the spacecraft after three days of flight. During most of the flight the spacecraft was uncontrollable, before being deorbited and landing by parachute on 29 April 1962, and recovered by the Soviet forces in the steppe in Kazakhstan. The next Zenit launch attempt, scheduled for May but delayed to 1 June 1962, failed to reach orbit, but the next launch successfully reached orbit as Kosmos 7.
Progress M-34 undocked from Mir at 10:22:45 UTC on 24 June 1997, in preparation for a docking test planned for the next day. On 25 June 1997, the spacecraft re-approached Mir under manual control (TORU), in a test intended to establish whether Russia could reduce the cost of Progress missions by eliminating the Kurs automated docking system. At 09:18 UTC, whilst under the control of Vasily Tsibliyev, the Progress spacecraft collided with the space station's Spektr module, damaging both the module itself, and a solar panel. Following the collision, Progress M-34 was manoeuvred away from the station, before being deorbited on 2 July.
On September 13, 1985, the satellite was destroyed in orbit at 2043 UTC at with an altitude of by an ASM-135 ASAT launched from a US Air Force F-15 Eagle fighter aircraft. The test resulted in 285 cataloged pieces of orbital debris. 1 piece of debris remained in orbit to at least May 2004, but had deorbited by 2008. The test outraged some scientists because although five of P78-1's instruments had failed at the time of the test, two instruments remained in operation, and the satellite was what one solar physicist called "the backbone of coronal research through the last seven years".
The YES2 satellite employed a 32 km tether to deorbit a small re-entry capsule, "Fotino."YES2Michiel Kruijff, "Tethers in Space, a propellantless propulsion in-orbit demonstration", (Tethers In Space (book))ESA, ;Press Sheet for YES2 Launch (accessed 16 February 2012) The YES2 satellite was launched on 14 September 2007 from Baikonur. The communications system on the capsule failed, and the capsule was lost, but deployment telemetry indicated that the tether deployed to full length and that the capsule presumably deorbited as planned. It has been calculated that Fotino was inserted into a trajectory towards a landing site in Kazakhstan, but no signal was received.
After deploying its payload, the rocket's upper stage was deorbited after completing one orbit. The launch was the first Delta IV mission to use a new ignition sequence aimed at reducing damage to the first stage insulation caused by igniting a cloud of hydrogen around the vehicle at liftoff. To mitigate this, the rocket's starboard engine was lit two seconds earlier than on previous flights. In 2020, MIT Technology Review reported that USA-245 was likely being "stalked" by a Russian satellite, Kosmos 2542, in a possible attempt to spy on US-245 to deduce its camera aperture and resolution, or its computer functionality and operating times.
The radiation environment near Io was very unhealthy for Galileo systems, and so these flybys were saved for the extended mission when loss of the spacecraft would be more acceptable. Galileo cameras were deactivated on January 17, 2002, after they had sustained irreparable radiation damage. NASA engineers were able to recover the damaged tape recorder electronics, and Galileo continued to return scientific data until it was deorbited in 2003, performing one last scientific experiment: a measurement of the moon Amalthea's mass as the spacecraft swung by it. On December 11, 2013, NASA reported, based on results from the Galileo mission, the detection of "clay-like minerals" (specifically, phyllosilicates), often associated with organic materials, on the icy crust of Europa.
The tare weight of Progress-M1 is . Its KTDU-80 engine has a thrust of and uses up to of propellant carried in four integrated spherical tanks for maneuvers such as docking and deorbiting the craft; to is typically left unused and hence available for the space station. Progress M1-4, seen from the ISS The Progress-M1 11F615A70 is a modernised variant of the earlier 11F615A55, with digital flight control systems replacing the earlier analogue ones. The older 11F615A55 spacecraft is no longer in use. It made eleven flights, the last of which, Progress M1-11, was deorbited in June 2004. The 11F615A70 is scheduled to make its first flight, Progress M1-01M, in 2011.
Some envisioned Jupiter configurations, including crew and cargo variants DIRECT advocated developing a single, high-commonality family of rockets named Jupiter, adapted closely from existing Space Shuttle systems. Each Jupiter launch vehicle would use a "common core stage" consisting of a tank structure based closely on the existing Space Shuttle External Tank with a pair of standard four-segment Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) mounted at the sides as on the Space Shuttle. Up to four Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSMEs) from the Space Shuttle Orbiter would be attached to the bottom of the External Tank. The engines would be deorbited along with the expended tank to burn up in the Earth's atmosphere.
Not only could such a missile hit any point on earth, but the enemy would also be uncertain when it would be deorbited onto target. The main disadvantage was lower accuracy of the warhead in comparison to an ICBM. Korolev insisted on sticking to the liquid oxygen/kerosene propellants of his R-9 Desna ICBM design, despite the military's preference for the more toxic but storable propellants used by other designers. The GR-1 was intended to utilize the launch pads of Korolev's R-9 Desna which was being phased out of service. Korolev unofficially started work on the missile on 15 March 1962 based on a verbal go-ahead by Khrushchev.
As in the early days of Mir, the transfer compartment provides a suitable EVA airlock where spacewalkers in Orlan suits removed a hatch after closing a few that connected the compartment to the rest of the station. It was used only during Expedition 2, where Yury Usachov and James Voss put a docking cone on the nadir port. The lower port connects to Pirs and the top port connects to Poisk. Eventually, the plan for Pirs is for it to be deorbited and replaced by Nauka (Multipurpose Laboratory Module). Sprouts in the BIO-5 Rasteniya-2/Lada-2 (Plants-2) experiment aboard Zvezda.ISS Images - ISS006-E-45076 (17 March 2003) The "Assembly Compartment" holds external equipment such as thrusters, thermometers, antennas, and propellant tanks.
Tiangong-1 was initially projected to be deorbited in 2013,"China to launch module for future space station" (PDF). PhysOrg.com. 28 September 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2013. to be replaced over the following decade by the larger Tiangong-2 and Tiangong-3 modules, but it orbited until 2 April 2018. Tiangong-1 was visited by a series of Shenzhou spacecraft during its two-year operational lifetime. The first of these, the uncrewed Shenzhou 8, successfully docked with the module in November 2011, while the crewed Shenzhou 9 mission docked in June 2012. A third and final mission to Tiangong-1, the crewed Shenzhou 10, docked in June 2013. The crewed missions to Tiangong-1 were notable for including China's first female astronauts, Liu Yang and Wang Yaping.
Anatoly Artsebarsky argued that Mir should be kept because he believed that once it had been deorbited, the US would try to marginalise Russian involvement in the ISS. An online opinion poll showed 67% support worldwide for keeping it in orbit. Rosaviakosmos and RKK Energia responded to criticism of the decision in an open letter in mid February, which explained that the "actual condition of the onboard systems...[does] not make possible the safe and reliable operation of Mir", and that attempts to prolong its life "may lead to the loss of control of Mir..and, as a result, to catastrophic consequences not only for Russia but for the whole world." The US Government welcomed the decision to deorbit Mir, as it freed up Russian resources for the International Space Station programme.
The Progress M-09M cargo spacecraft was undocked from the station's Pirs module at 11:41 UTC on 22 April 2011. After departing the space station, the spacecraft was used for the Radar-Progress scientific experiment to investigate a reflection feature of the plasma generated by operations of the Progress propulsion system. Upon the completion of this experiment, the spacecraft was deorbited, and reentered over the "spacecraft cemetery" in the South Pacific Ocean. Progress M-09M had been launched on a resupply mission to the ISS on 28 January 2011. It carried 2,666 kilograms (5,880 lb) of cargo to the space station, consisting of 1,444 kilograms (3,180 lb) of dry cargo, 752 kilograms (1,660 lb) of propellant, 50 kilograms (110 lb) of oxygen and 420 kilograms (930 lb) of water.
Diagram of Tiangong-1 (left) docked to a Shenzhou spacecraft (right). The uncrewed Shenzhou 8 mission successfully docked with Tiangong-1 on 2 November 2011 UTC, marking China's first orbital docking."Chinese spacecraft dock in orbit" BBC 2 November 2011 Retrieved 15 June 2013 Shenzhou 8 undocked from Tiangong-1 on 14 November 2011, before successfully completing a second rendezvous and docking, thus testing the reusability of the docking system."China completes second space docking" AFP via Google 14 November 2011 Retrieved 15 November 2011"2nd docking of Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-8 on schedule" Xinhua 7 November 2011 Retrieved 15 June 2013"Chinese spacecraft Shenzhou-8 disengages from space lab module Tiangong-1" Xinhua 14 November 2011 Retrieved 15 June 2013 Shenzhou 8 deorbited on 17 November 2011, and landed intact in Siziwang Banner in Inner Mongolia.
Progress M-10 () was a Soviet and subsequently Russian uncrewed cargo spacecraft which was launched in 1991 to resupply the Mir space station. The twenty-eighth of sixty-four Progress spacecraft to visit Mir, it used the Progress-M 11F615A55 configuration, and had the serial number 211. It carried supplies including food, water and oxygen for the EO-10 crew aboard Mir, as well as equipment for conducting scientific research, and fuel for adjusting the station's orbit and performing manoeuvres. It carried the fourth VBK- Raduga capsule, which was used to return experiment results and equipment to Earth when the Progress was deorbited. Progress M-10 was launched at 00:05:25 GMT on 17 October 1991, atop a Soyuz-U2 carrier rocket flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Following four days of free flight, it docked with the Forward port of the core module on the second attempt, at 03:40:50 GMT on 21 October.

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