The length of the shell varies between 5 mm and 12 mm. (Original description) The ovate shell has a rather short spire. The whorls are rounded at the upper part, longitudinally very closely finely ribbed, decussated with transverse striae. The ribs, being decussated with striae, have a slightly granular appearance.
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The colour is white. The whorls show close revolving cords, sometimes decussated with radial riblets. No varix. The outer lip is thin.
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The whitish shell has a narrow yellowish band. Its length measures 5 mm. It is shining and translucent. It is very minutely decussated.
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Consisting of plates or scales laid over each other. Lanceolate. Gradually tapering to a point. Lateral. Pertaining to the side. Latticed. (See decussated.) Lobulate.
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The thin, delicate, smooth shell is depressed and widely umbilicated. The whorls are rounded or angulated. The spire is depressed. The sculpture is finely decussated.
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The length of shell varies between 3.5 mm and 4.5 mm. The white shell is pellucid. The sculpture is decussated by microscopic striae. The teleoconch contains seven convex whorls.
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A small pale-brown species with the seven whorls decussated by nine, fine longitudinal ribs and strong transverse lirae. The aperture is narrow. The outer lip shows two obsolete plicae.
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The ribs descend from the sutures and are nodulous at the angle, transversely elevated, striated, decussated by very finelongitudinal striae. The aperture is one-half the length of the shell.
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The ovate shell is rather depressed. The small spire is scarcely elevated and narrowly, profoundly umbilicate. The 2½ convex whorls are decussated by elevated radiating and concentric striae. The oblique aperture is suborbicular.
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The oval shell is intermediate between Stomatella and Gena in contour. The very short spire is sub-marginal. The surface is spirally striated or decussated. The very large aperture is longer than wide.
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The length of the shell varies between 4.9 mm and 33 mm. The shell has a yellowish ash-color. It is finely and equally decussated by longitudinal and revolving lines. The whorls show a narrow shoulder.
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The entire surface is most elegantly and densely radiately costate. The costae are very acute, subgranulose upon the carinae. The interstices on the first whorl are fenestrated, posteriorly decussated. The base of the shell is deeply rounded.
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The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 40 mm. The imperforate shell has a pyramidal shape. It is fulvous, with red spots along the suture. It is transversely striate, decussated by very delicate striae.
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The length of the shell varies between 6 mm and 14 mm. The shell is turreted and fusiform. It contains about six convex whorls. They contain longitudinally rather tuberculated ribs that are decussated by coarse, elevated, transverse striae.
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It is ornamented with irregular oblique striae and decussated with evanescent lines, only visible under a lens. The turbinate spire is prominent. The minute, shining apex is subacute. The 5-6 whorls are convex and regularly rapidly increasing.
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The shell is haliotis- shaped with a convex back. It is rufous-brown, ornamented with a broad white girdle. It is decussated by elevated rather close-set lines and oblique striae. The white spire is posterior, rather prominent.
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The surface shows extremely fine lines of growth, faintly decussated by spiral striae. The outer lip is sharp, not serrated, with a swelling behind. The anterior sinus is very distinct, as in Strombus. The posterior notch is deep.
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They are rounded and swollen toward the suture. They are divided into two unequal portions by the slit fasciole. The slit fascicle below the middle is decussated by semicircular and spiral striae. The slit is quite wide, but short.
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The striae are decussated by slightly elevated spiral striae, with smaller ones between them. Its color is deep opaque black, obliquely girdled with white. The spire is lateral and slightly prominent. The four whorls are separated by impressed sutures.
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The last whorl is very rapidly enlarging. The whorls of the spire show narrow sharp spiral lirae decussated by close raised longitudinal striae. The oval aperture is acutely angular above, not very oblique. It is brilliantly iridescent inside, and lightly silicate.
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The six whorls are slightly convex, the first buff, the remainder subangulate. The body whorl is dilated, slightly subangular in the middle, convex beneath and very finely decussated. The aperture is subovate and delicately sulcate within . The columella is arcuate.
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The shell is perforate, ovate-conic, very thin, pellucid, scarcely shining, obsoletely and closely decussated by growth striae and delicate spiral lines. The shell is pale corneous in color, sometimes fulvous. The spire is conoid. The apex is rather acute.
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The length of the shell reaches 5.5 mm. The shell has a turreted fusiform shape, with a produced spire and deep sutures. The color of the shell is reddish brown. It contains nine, straight ribs, decussated and rendered nodulous by spiral riblets.
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The sutures are impressed. The 5 to 6 whorls are convex, decussated by spiral lirae and close, strong longitudinal striae. The lirae usually contain intermediate lirulae. The whorls are often a little flattened below the suture, with a slight angle at the shoulder.
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The white umbilicus is funnel-shaped. It is margined by a slight convexity terminating below the columellar tooth. This is a peculiar little species, of globose form, with truncated columella, lirate interior, and finely decussated surface. The color pattern is very variable.
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The length of the shell attains 12 mm. The white shell is finely decussated by raised striae. The body whorl shows three keels, the upper ones are one-keeled.G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol.
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The length of the shell varies between 30 mm and 55 mm. The periphery is noduled. Above it the shoulder is sloping, slightly concave, with revolving lines, lightly marked. Below the periphery it is decussated by close revolving and somewhat curved growth lines.
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The depressed shell is rather flattened above and below. The aperture is quite oblique. The sculpture consists of numerous spirals, of which several have low carinae, more numerous intermediate riblets, and still more numerous interstitial spiral striae. These are sometimes decussated by growth lines.
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Cut off, as the apex of some shells. Decussated. With spiral and longitudinal lines intersecting, as the sculpture of some shells. Deflexed. Bent downward, as the last whorl in some snails. Dentate. With points or nodules resembling teeth, as the aperture of some snails. Denticulate.
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The length of the shell attains 17 mm, its diameter 5 mm. (Original description) The elongate shell is straightly acuminate, rather light and thin. It is decussated by longitudinal and transverse ridges. It contains six, flatly convex whorls, furnished here and there with somewhat indistinct varices.
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The shell is spirally striate, decussated by growth lines. The outer lip is thin and scarcely sinuate.G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences The species was described from a single broken specimen.
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The spiral cords of the outer surface are either nearly equal, or have slightly larger ones at wide intervals. They are decussated by close growth-striae. The whorls number a trifle over three. The inner surface is corrugated like the outer surface, silvery, very brilliantly iridescent.
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The length of the shell varies between 5 mm and 25 mm. The small, thin shell has a lengthened oval shape. It is shining, yellowish-green, ornamented with white triangular spots with dark apices, sometimes in series. The shell is decussated by incremental and deeper spiral striae.
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It is at right angles to the shell's length and terminal. Its colour is white with irregular crimson splashes spirally arranged along the back. Its sculpture consists of fine spiral grooves decussated by growth lines. The peristome is nearly in one plane and is angled above.
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The length of the shell varies between 25 mm and 50 mm. The acuminately turreted shell is yellowish white, sometimes stained with brown. The whorls are decussated with nodulous longitudinal ridges and spiral striae. The upper part of the whorls are concave, edged with a slightly nodulous keel.
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The upper surface is depressed, flattened, and has a spiral depression around the middle of the body whorl. The shell is radiately striped with scarlet, and the closed perforations are scarlet. The spire is pink. The surface has numerous unequal spiral threads, decussated by distinct, close growth-striae.
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The shell of this species is left-handed (sinistral). The shell is depressed, rather thin, obliquely striated and decussated with fine spiral lines above, smooth beneath. The shell color is white or whitish with three spiral chestnut bands. The spire is low and conoidal, with 5 slightly convex whorls.
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The spiral striae of the surface are fine, close, and often disposed in pairs. They are decussated by very close fine radiating striae. The spire is low. It is inside silvery and smooth except for fine spiral folds in the nacre, which has light green and red reflections.
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Midway between these are smaller ones, and there are still finer spiral striae occupying the interstices. The whole is decussated by fine striae of growth. There is an angle or carina midway between the periphery and suture of the body whorl, which angulates the spire whorls. The short spire is conic.
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The broadly umbilicated shell has an elevated-conical shape. It is cinereus, painted with brown undulating lines. The whorls are ornamented with transverse riblets, the last with 3 median lirae, longitudinally elevated striate. The large umbilicus is encircled by a crenulated cingulus, and within elegantly decussated by radiating and transverse lines.
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The size of the shell varies between 13 mm and 25 mm. The shell is concavely, rather narrowly shouldered, with a thread-like raised line at the suture. It is closely longitudinally ribbed below the periphery and decussated by raised revolving lines. The color of the shell is dingy yellow to purplish black.
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The length of the shell varies between 6 mm and 12 mm. The oblong shell is lanceolate and subturreted. It isof a whitish or reddish color, beautifully varied with simple or decussated brown spots or lines, forming sometimes a very elegant network. The spire is composed of six pretty distinct, slightly swollen whorls.
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The surface is either dark red with few radiating angular white patches, or dull red and green, streaked and mottled. The spiral cords of the outer surface are either nearly equal, or have slightly larger ones at wide intervals. They are decussated by close growth- striae. The whorls number a trifle over 3.
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The body whorl is subcylindrical, obtusely subangular at the periphery, convex beneath. The surface all over is encircled by delicate spiral elevated striae, and around the umbilicus decussated by growth lines. The aperture is subcircular, a trifle modified by the contact of the penultimate whorl. The margins are all thin and simple.
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It is finely concentrically ridged and decussated like the whorls, the ridges increasing in size toward the umbilicus. The white aperture is round and occupies about half the length of the shell. The parietal callus and the curved columella have both a smooth appearance. The white, narrow umbilicus goes deep into the shell.
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The height of the shell attains 11 mm, its diameter 14 mm. The rather thin, perforate shell has a conoid-depressed shape. Its; coloris very variable, whitish-buff or rosy, brown reddish, ornamented with rosy maculations and narrow spiral lines articulated with white. Transversely it is delicately sulcate, the sulci exquisitely decussated by incremental striae.
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The shell contains 7 whorls, the first 2½ yellow, rounded, forming a trochiform protoconch, sculptured with vertical riblets decussated by delicate, obliquely forward- descending striae. The junction of the protoconch and the sculptured shell is very oblique and sharply defined. The aperture is narrow, with a deep sinus above. The outer lip contains four small teeth within.
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They are sculptured with distant elevated radiating lamellae. The body whorl is very large, globose, with longitudinal rather distant lamellae. The interstices are decussated by numerous very fine growth lines and spiral lirulae. The anal fasciole starts on the body whorl opposite the aperture, terminating in a long, narrow slit which does not attain the edge of the peristome.
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Drawing of the shell of Ariophanta interrupta. The shell of this species is left-handed (sinistral). The shell is flatly convex above, rather coarsely, obliquely, plicately striated and decussated with fine impressed lines, the decussation is sometimes obsolete, more tumid and smoother beneath. The shell color is brownish horny, darker below the periphery, and gradually becoming paler again beneath.
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Sculpture: three spiral keels appear on the second whorl. As growth proceeds these increase in number but decrease in strength, till at last behind the aperture they are represented by twenty engraved spiral lines extending from the suture to the centre of the base. These are decussated by faint oblique growth lines. The oblique aperture is rhomboidal.
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The length of the shell varies between 35 mm and 50 mm. The ponderous shell is dark chestnut or chocolate. The shell shows a slight shoulder-angle, above which the whorls are slightly concave to a sutural band. Below the shoulder the shell shows close rude longitudinal ribs, sometimes decussated into nodules by the raised revolving lines.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 15 mm and 55 mm. The shell is whitish, or has a yellowish flesh-color, or brown. It is more or less decussated by longitudinal and revolving engraved lines, sometimes forming granulations especially on the spire. The revolving lines are prominent on the body whorl, where the longitudinal ones are usually subobsolete.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 15 mm and 55 mm. The shell is whitish, or has a yellowish flesh-color, or brown. It is more or less decussated by longitudinal and revolving engraved lines, sometimes forming granulations especially on the spire. The revolving lines are prominent on the body whorl, where the longitudinal ones are usually subobsolete.
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The lower part of the whorls is longitudinally ribbed, the ribs decussated. The interior of the aperture is blackish purple. The siphonal canal is short. Conchologia iconica, or, Illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals; Reeve, Lovell, Brooks, Vincent, Reeve, Frederic, Sowerby, G. B. (George Brettingham), Taylor, John Edward, Reeve Benham & Reeve, Savill, Edwards and Co., Spottiswoode & Co. Vincent Brooks, Day & Son, ; vol.
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The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 3 mm. A very delicate flesh-coloured shining shell with oblong aperture and produced siphonal canal. This attenuate-fusiform shell contains 7 whorls, including two decussated and alveolate apical whorls. They are much impressed at the sutures, longitudinally few-ribbed, there are but seven on the body whorl, and spirally obscurely lirate.
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The length of the shell varies between 7 mm and 9 mm. The surface of this shell is almost microscopically decussated, the spiral sculpture being generally the strongest. The color of the shell is whitish, with light chestnut revolving lines, irregularly distributed, approximating or distant. G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol.
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The spaces between are occupied by intervening smaller spirals and very close, fine, microscopic spiral striae, decussated by finer radiating striae of increment. The upper whorls show low, radiating, scarcely visible folds. The base is nearly smooth, having only fine separated spiral threads with flat interspaces. All sculpture becomes obsolete in the white crescent except the fine, very oblique growth lines.
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These extend over the subsutural band, but are there a little less prominent. On the convex part of the whorls they are wavy and irregularly decussated by the lines of growth. On the spire the two sets of lines produce a cancellated structure. The aperture is short and rather [broad, with an acute angle posteriorly and a short, broad, straight siphonal canal in front.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 15 mm and 55 mm. The color of the shell is whitish, or yellowish flesh-color, or brown. It is more or less decussated by longitudinal and revolving engraved lines, sometimes forming granulations especially on the spire The revolving lines are prominent on the body whorl, where the longitudinal ones are usually subobsolete.George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol.
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The height of the shell attains 8 mm. The imperforate, dull white shell has an ovate-conic, subventricose shape. The apex rather obtuse. The shell is ornamented with strong spiral subnodose ribs, decussated by elevated rib-striae cutting the interstices into square pits, of which there are 3 or 4 series on the third whorl, 4 on the penultimate, and 7 on the last.
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The heigfht of the shell attains 7½ mm, its diameter 5¼ mm. The shell is ear-shaped, with a minute spire and a very large, convex body whorl. Its surface is somewhat shining, black with scattered whitish dots, spots or zigzag lines. The shell is sculptured by numerous close microscopic spiral striae, several smaller alternating with larger ones, and somewhat decussated by impressed growth lines.
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The length of the shell varies between 5 mm and 10 mm. The shell is decussated by longitudinal and revolving sculpture. It is yellowish white, with chestnut short longitudinal strigations upon the granules, often upon every alternate rib, interrupted by a central white space, and again painted towards the base. Sometimes this coloring is broken up and more or less dispersed over the surface.
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The length of the shell varies between 44 mm and 100 mm. The whorls are subangulated with about twelve oblique, rounded, longitudinal ribs below the angle. The surface is decussated by growth lines and small revolving striae. The shell is yellowish white, with orange-brown bands on the shoulder, at the base and intermediately three in all, the upper one appearing on the spire.
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The length of the shell varies between 8 mm and 24 mm. W.H. Dall considered this originally as perhaps a variety of Bela laevigata (synonym of synonym of Obesotoma laevigata (Dall, 1871)). It is pure white, with distinct revolving lines decussated by regular lines of growth. Only one specimen of this description was found, which is even more globular than the typical form, and has a deeper sinus and narrower aperture.
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Usually one, just below the subsutural band, is stronger and more raised, forming a slight carina. On the subsutural band they are faint, or indistinct. The spiral lines are often decussated, more or less, by equally slender, transverse, raised riblets, coincident with the lines of growth, but not uniformly present. These may produce a slightly cancellated structure, on all the whorls, and extend as curved riblets, across the subsutural band.
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The first two whorls are smooth and eroded. The following are granose-lirate, the penultimate with 5 or 6, the last with 11 or 12 series of very distinct rounded granules, the 5th or 6th forming the periphery. The interstices are decussated by fine oblique and spiral striulae, which are sometimes obsolete. The body whorl is carinated at the periphery, lightly deflected toward the aperture, and much flattened there.
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There are about six ribs on a whorl, oblique, subnodose at the middle, attenuating at both extremities and not reaching to the upper suture. The transverse striae are rather coarse, minutely decussated by the flexuous lines of growth. The body whorl shows a third brown zone below the middle. The aperture is whitish within, ornamented with the three exterior bands, occupying about four elevenths of the entire length of the shell.
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The remaining whorls are acutely carinate, with an area below the suture, either smooth or with arcuate striae. Below the carina appear numerous longitudinal riblets, decussated by spiral carinations, giving the shell a somewhat prickly or nodulous appearance. The aperture is small, with a well-marked sinuation above. The columella is vertical, a little twisted at the base.Sykes E. R. 1906 On the Mollusca procured during the “Porcupine” Expeditions 1869–1870.
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The length of the shell attains 47 mm, its diameter 14 mm. The shell is large and handsomely sculptured. It contains eight convex whorls, shouldered, with about sixteen thick, rounded, oblique ribs, separated by concave interspaces. The ribs do not extend above the shoulder, leaving a rather broad flattened band, which is covered by raised revolving lines, more or less decussated by prominent growth lines and slight riblets, running down the suture.
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The shell consists of seven whorls, glistening and polished, though sculptured with finely granulated, revolving lines. The upper whorls are carinate and shouldered. The body whorl is bicarinate. The sculpture consists above of about fifteen revolving, elevated, finely granulated lines, alternately spotted with light yellow, brown and white The basal surface has about eleven similarly colored ribs, which are not granulated, but have the interspaces slightly decussated by the lines of growth.
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Plants in this family have simple, opposite, decussated leaves with entire (or sometimes toothed, lobed, or spiny) margins, and without stipules. The leaves may contain cystoliths, calcium carbonate concretions, seen as streaks on the surface. The flowers are perfect, zygomorphic to nearly actinomorphic, and arranged in an inflorescence that is either a spike, raceme, or cyme. Typically, a colorful bract subtends each flower; in some species, the bract is large and showy.
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The five whorls have a strong shoulder and basal angulations. They contain two prominent rounded keels, one next the suture; slightly concave between the suture and upper keel, and a little concave between the keels, The whorls are finely spirally ridged and decussated with exceedingly fine and close oblique longitudinal lines. The sculpture of the shell shows microscopic spiral threads. The convex base of the shell is reticulated with gray and minutely spotted with red.
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The body whorl is encircled by three prominent, equidistant carinae, one subsutural, composed of rounded or radiating knobs followed by two or three beaded lirulae, two at the periphery, prominently beaded, with a beaded riblet between them. The base of the shell is encircled by 5 more or less beaded, equal lirae. The entire surface is microscopically obliquely striate, and in some places decussated by microscopic spiral striae. The oblique aperture is rounded-quadrate.
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The protoconch contains 3 whorls, the first being almost smooth and the others decussated by arcuate riblets. The remaining whorls are sculptured spirally by numerous flat, broad riblets, which (under a lens) are seen to be about twice as wide as their interstices, and to be crossed by lines of growth, which give them a roughened or scabrous appearance. The body whorl is large. The aperture is somewhat squared at the base, and has no noticeable sinus.
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The height of the shell attains 6½ mm. The dull white, imperforate shell has an ovate-conic, subventricose shape. The apex is rather obtuse. The shell is ornamented with strong spiral subnodose ribs, decussated by elevated rib-striae cutting the interstices into square pits, of which there are 3 or 4 series on the third whorl, 4 on the penultimate, and 7 on the last ; The five, rounded whorls are separated by a deep, subcanaliculate suture.
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The length of the shell attains 16 mm, its diameter 9.5 mm. The small, short shell has a fusiform, or subovate shape, with a low spire and very large body whorl, forming about three-fourths the total length. The surface is finely decussated by longitudinal and spiral lines of nearly equal size. There are four whorls below the protoconch, very rapidly increasing, strongly convex, but frequently slightly flattened at the periphery, and sometimes distinctly angulated at the shoulder, but more commonly evenly rounded.
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Decussated fibers later reach and connect these segments with the higher centers. The optic chiasm is the primary cause of decussation; nasal fibers of the optic nerve cross (so each cerebral hemisphere receives contralateral—opposite—vision) to keep the interneuronal connections responsible for processing information short. All sensory and motor pathways converge and diverge to the contralateral hemisphere.Excerpt from Cunningham's Textbook of Anatomy Although sensory pathways are often depicted as chains of individual neurons connected in series, this is an oversimplification.
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These sometimes coalesce from above and below, thus replacing spiral by radial painting. The radial ribs are well developed, projecting as an angle on the shoulder, continuing from suture to base, and amounting to ten on the body whorl. The spiral threads are sharp on the upper whorls, where they are decussated by radial striae. Gradually they vanish, till on the middle of the body whorl the surface seems smooth to the eye, and only a few engraved spirals can be found with a lens.
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Species in this genus show a rather solid turreted-fusiform shell, sculptured by bold longitudinal ribs, over-run by dense spiral threads, and decussated by an even finer radial striatum. The aperture is as long, or longer, than the spire, fortified externally by a stout varix which ascends the previous whorl, includes a semi-circular sinus, and extends a free edge over the mouth. Within the outer lip are a series of short entering ridges, and the columella bears a corresponding series of deeply entering horizontal bars. Hedley, C. 1922.
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The protoconch is composed of four whorls, the first minutely punctate, the second and third being decussated by arcuate riblets, while the fourth whorl has this decussation on its lower half, but one series of riblets has become obsolete on the upper half. The residue of the shell is, in some specimens, marked by three or four incised lines, the only other sculpture being the lines of growth, which are sinuous and more noticeable just below the suture. The body whorl is large and inflated. The aperture is ovate.
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Extrapyramidal tracts are those motor tracts that do not traverse the medullary pyramids. At the pyramids' most caudal end, the corticospinal axons decussate (or cross over) the midline and continue down the spinal cord on the contralateral side. The fibers that decussated will go down the lateral corticospinal tract while the fibers that did not decussate will travel down the anterior corticospinal tract. Nearly 90 percent of the fibers decussate and travel down the lateral corticospinal tract while the other 10 percent travels down the anterior corticospinal tract.
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