This comes as the African Union has stepped up its drive to encourage decriminalisation: January 2016 saw the launch of its Campaign For The Decriminalisation Of Abortion In Africa, focused on tackling stigma.
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So the path to decriminalisation led back through the courts.
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Decriminalisation would cost the BBC £200m a year, it says.
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But there are worries, even among some of psilocybin's proponents, about decriminalisation.
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With countries including Kenya poised for decriminalisation, the opportunity is real and urgent.
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Elsewhere in the region there has been at least some movement towards decriminalisation.
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That sequence from non-persecution and decriminalisation to civic equality included halts and reversals.
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In June Olga Sánchez Cordero, AMLO's prospective interior minister, called for the decriminalisation of cannabis.
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But decriminalisation and treatment helped cut Portugal's overdose rate to one of the lowest in Europe.
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New York's move toward decriminalisation is part of a wider examination of prostitution statutes in America.
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The changes stop short of decriminalisation, but do shift the focus from eradicating drugs to public-health interventions.
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Critics worry that decriminalisation will encourage trafficking and offences against minors, though laws against those offences would remain untouched.
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The End Violence Against Women Coalition (EVAW) said the figures represented "what is becoming the effective decriminalisation of rape".
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"The best way to understand decriminalisation is the removal of all criminal laws that apply to sex work," says Green.
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Religious groups had protested the decriminalisation of gay sex, arguing that it would lead to a surge in HIV cases.
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In Britain this led to partial decriminalisation of both homosexuality and abortion in 1967, and a more open, tolerant, permissive society.
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Andrés Manuel López Obrador, a charismatic populist who was elected Mexico's president earlier this month, is considering the decriminalisation of drugs.
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Other evidence of the benefits of decriminalisation comes from Nevada, the only state in which prostitution is legal, in some counties.
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That's despite most Australians supporting some form of decriminalisation for all drugs, and the country's government's being increasingly pro-medicinal cannabis.
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Comprehensive immigration reform is deeply unfashionable next to decriminalisation of illegal immigration and the abolition of the nation's immigration-enforcement agency.
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Like cannabis, it may be up to individual states to pursue legalisation, or other countries following Portugal's decriminalisation of all drugs.
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Some of the drug's proponents worry that decriminalisation could jeopardise its progress by reigniting the moral panic of half a century ago.
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Uniting Church clergy at rally outside NSW parliament as the chamber of our democratic representatives prepares to "debate" the decriminalisation of abortion in NSW.
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A clutch of investors see these drugs going the way of cannabis, whose creeping decriminalisation has spurred commercial interest in the weed's medical uses.
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This does not mean that marijuana-decriminalisation laws worsen opioid addiction—only that a lot more research is needed before policymakers make up their minds.
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On Tuesday #NowForNI campaigners protested in Westminster, London, where they delivered over 22019,24 signatures from people calling for the decriminalisation of abortion in Northern Ireland.
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Gay sex is considered taboo by many in socially conservative India, and was reinstated as a criminal offence in 2013 after four years of decriminalisation.
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But Richard Gottfried, chair of New York state assembly's health committee says its introduction is nonetheless a historic step and reflects a growing movement for decriminalisation.
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That would mean a big cut—hundreds of millions—to its licence-fee income of £3.8bn, in addition to the cost of decriminalisation of non-payment.
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In December last year, sex workers, outreach workers, NGOs and academics from ten countries gave evidence in parliament decrying the Nordic model and calling for full decriminalisation.
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India's top court reinstated a ban on gay sex in 2013, ending four years of decriminalisation that had helped bring homosexuality into the open in the conservative country.
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California is the standard-bearer for progressive experimentation nationally, spearheading policies to deal with climate change, gay rights, the decriminalisation of drugs, paid family leave, inclusive immigration and more.
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In 2014 the Citizens' Association for the Decriminalisation of Abortion, a campaign group, petitioned the Supreme Court to free 17 women jailed following reported stillbirths or other complications of pregnancy.
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Jessica Raven, a former sex worker who is now campaigning for decriminalisation, says sex work saved her from extreme poverty when, as a teen, she ran away from a foster home.
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Supreme Court judges, in their 2013 judgment, had said that the earlier decriminalisation of homosexuality by a lower court had overlooked that only a "minuscule" section of the population were homosexual.
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That the widespread decriminalisation of marijuana in America did not bring the social and moral collapse some detractors predicted has opened minds to the possibility of doing the same for other drugs.
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The Citizen Group for the Decriminalisation of Therapeutic, Ethical, and Eugenic Abortion (CFDA), a local rights group, says the abortion ban causes maternal deaths by forcing women to undergo dangerous back street abortions.
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He is confident that, unlike outright decriminalisation, varying drug punishments in this way falls within the city's authority; anyway, he points out, issuing tickets for pot, rather than arresting people, is already widespread.
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The inquiry's terms of reference contain not one mention of working conditions, not a breath about decriminalisation, the model which Amnesty International and sex worker-led organisations around the world are calling for.
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For Hella and Yvette, the benefits of decriminalisation would be significant; besides less stigma, it would mean they'd have better workers' rights, less bureaucracy and police harassment to deal with, and more financial stability.
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Most sex workers' rights organisations, like PROUD, however, call for full decriminalisation in order to remove the stigma around their profession (this would mean sex work becomes legal, while trafficking or coercion remains a crime).
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Our campaign for decriminalisation would get the laws off our back and allow sex workers to come out of the shadows and fight back against all the stigma, discrimination, insults and stereotyping that we face.
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India's Supreme Court had in a surprise ruling in 2013 reinstated a ban on gay sex after a four-year period of decriminalisation that had helped bring homosexuality into the open in the socially conservative country.
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Cat Smith is currently trying to get cross-party support from pro-choice MPs in the House of Commons to move the conversation on around the decriminalisation of abortion and the overall reform of existing legislation.
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Activists say women's rights more broadly are being eroded in Russia, pointing to last year's decriminalisation of domestic violence, making it an administrative offence punishable by a fine, raising fears of more women being killed at home.
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Perhaps the most striking rupture was prompted by Mr Castro, who pushed the decriminalisation of illegal immigration—an idea that is out of step even with the party's base—and challenged his fellow contenders to endorse that too.
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LGBT campaigners have used the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) to call for Britain to apologize and push for change, launching a petition, a picket and lighting up the Houses of Parliament with a call for decriminalisation.
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It stands out for its strict enforcement of the law, with the region's highest number of prosecutions of women accused of carrying out an abortion, according to local rights group, the Citizen Group for the Decriminalisation of Abortion (CDFA).
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"On the other hand, decriminalisation is big step forward, it breaks down those barriers," he told the Thomson Reuters Foundation ahead of meetings in New Delhi to drum up support to raise some $14 billion to fight the three diseases.
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Her sentence was annulled in February in an appeal before El Salvador's top court, marking a victory for the Citizen Group for the Decriminalisation of Abortion (CDFA), a local rights group pushing to free about 20 jailed women with similar cases.
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Hernandez is among dozens of women believed to have been wrongly jailed in El Salvador in the past two decades for defying a ban on abortion, according to local rights group, the Citizen Group for the Decriminalisation of Abortion (CDFA).
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She points to a New Zealand government study undertaken after decriminalisation, in which workers reported that they were aware of increased health and safety rights, that police attitudes towards them had improved, and that they were more willing to report bad incidents to the police.
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Folau likened Australia's legalising of same-sex marriage two years ago and the decriminalisation of abortion in the state of New South Wales last month to the book of Isaiah, which talks about the earth being devoured after laws have been broken and rules changed.
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After the 1967 decriminalisation of homosexuality in the United Kingdom, there were moves to undertake a similar reform in Hong Kong. Governor Murray MacLehose privately supported gay rights but he and others felt that the local community would not support decriminalisation.
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Key introduced another BillStatutes Amendment (Decriminalisation of Sex Work) Bill 2013 in May 2013.
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In March 2019, 69.9% of respondents to a poll by Newshub supported the decriminalisation of abortion.
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His campaigning work was significant; he is credited with helping secure the decriminalisation of abortion in Britain.
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Gandhi had backed the repeal of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code and the decriminalisation of homosexuality.
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Another bill came in 1993 and then Mark Brindal, a Liberal backbencher, produced a discussion paper on decriminalisation in November 1994, and on 9 February 1995 he introduced a private member's bill (Prostitution (Decriminalisation) Bill) to decriminalise prostitution and the Prostitution Regulation Bill on 23 February. He had been considered to have a better chance of success than the previous initiatives due to a "sunrise clause" which would set a time frame for a parliamentary debate prior to it coming into effect. He twice attempted to get decriminalisation bills passed, although his party opposed this. The Decriminalisation Bill was discharged on 6 July, and the Regulation Bill was defeated on 17 July.
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In the remaining states of Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia, despite intense debate and many proposed legislative reforms there has been no change in the laws. The Australian Capital Territory adopted partial decriminalisation in 1992, and the Northern Territory allowed partial decriminalisation in 1992 and full decriminalisation in 2019. In all jurisdictions the issue remains divisive, and in the three eastern states with regulated prostitution there has been intermittent review. Much of the information in this article concerns cisgender heterosexual, not homosexual or transgender, prostitution.
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Decriminalisation has been under active discussion since 2009. Currently the South African Law Reform Commission has four proposals that were submitted for public discussion ranging from criminalisation to decriminalisation. In the run-up to the 2010 Football World Cup, there were calls to decriminalise and regulate prostitution when an estimated 40,000 prostitutes were expected to travel to South Africa for the tournament. In March 2012, the ANC Women's League came out in favor of decriminalisation, and stated that they will campaign for this to become an ANC policy.
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Canberra, AIHW By 2001, the lifetime rate had fallen to one-third of the population. The 1978 NSW Joint Parliamentary Committee Upon Drugs supported the decriminalisation of cannabis; under the proposal, personal use of cannabis would no longer be an offence and users would be given bonds and probation. Trafficking in cannabis would carry severe penalties. However, the 1979 Australian Royal Commission of Inquiry into Drugs recommended against decriminalisation, concluding that such a step would contravene the UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and lead to calls for the decriminalisation of other drugs.
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A street play to spread awareness about decriminalisation of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code was organised by Srijan Bharti.
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For a while, only the Kataeb Party endorsed the decriminalisation of homosexuality. None of the major or minor political parties or factions publicly endorsed any of the goals of the gay rights organizations. In 2018, Kollouna Watani, which ran 66 candidates in the election endorsed the decriminalisation of homosexuality. Dozens of other candidates also called for decriminalization.
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In October 1973, Cass seconded former prime minister John Gorton's motion for the decriminalisation of homosexuality, which was successful although it had no legal effect. He also argued for the decriminalisation of marijuana. In April 1975, Cass's title was changed to just "Minister for the Environment", at his own request. He said the previous title was too long and redundant.
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For those who knew the whole history, this was > truly a story of amazing Tasmania. Whereas in 1988, support for > decriminalisation of homosexuality in this State had been 15% below the > national average, by the time decriminalisation occurred in 1997, it was 15% > above the average. Indeed, it was reportedly higher in Hobart than in > Melbourne or Sydney. This case law Toonen v.
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In 2015, the ECP organised a symposium in the House of Commons, presenting evidence to parliament in support of the decriminalisation of sex work.
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Hughes voted in favour of a law allowing same sex civil unions and the decriminalisation of prostitution, but against a Death with Dignity law.
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Sex worker nonprofits called the apparent U-turn decision "a stunning victory for sex workers and our demands for decriminalisation" and "a giant step forward for sex workers' rights in the UK." In May 2019, the Royal College of Nursing voted to back the decriminalisation of prostitution in the United Kingdom. The decision was primarily based around safeguarding sex workers and improving their health.
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The repeal of this section was consequential on the decriminalisation of trade unions. See the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1871 and the Trade Union Act 1871.
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GayNZ.com has run articles that question whether the aforementioned fragmentation of euthanasia reformists, coupled with their lack of professional allies and the opposition of the New Zealand Medical Association and other medical groups will hamper decriminalisation of voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide in New Zealand. This is based on analysis of the successful reform movements in the Netherlands and Oregon, where organised medical groups took a neutral stance on decriminalisation.
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SIN has supported Labor MP Steph Key's attempts to decriminalize prostitution in South Australia. In 2012, the decriminalisation bill was defeated by one vote.Selling sex in the city: Adelaide's illegal prostitution industry In 2017, an improved bill which had support of sex workers, the working women's centre and unions was introduced into the upper house. The decriminalisation of sex work billDecriminalisation of Sex Work Bill (2015) passed the upper house 13 votes to 8.
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He has been a supporter of drug reform laws. Following his re-election in 2019, he backed the decriminalisation of drugs and the establishment of drug consumption rooms in Dundee.
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Caine has been attacked by Steven Anderson for his sexual orientation and was involved in the 2019 High Court case which led to the decriminalisation of consensual same-sex relations.
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The German Democratic Republic (GDR, also known as East Germany) was dominated by heterosexual norms. However, queer East Germans experienced decriminalisation during the 1960s, followed by increasing social acceptance and visibility.
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Kaleeswaram Raj is an Indian lawyer practising in the Supreme Court of India and the High Court of Kerala. He has successfully argued for decriminalisation of the offence of adultery in India.
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The law was opposed by campaigners who wished to see the total decriminalisation of sex work. An application for judicial review failed on the death of the campaigner who had proposed it.
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Licentiousness and streetwalking were common in this period and Weimar Berlin is famed for its decadence. An STD Act was discussed and adopted in 1927. It was accompanied by the decriminalisation of prostitution.
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By contrast, ALRANZ says that successive abortion-related case law has preserved the status quo of partial decriminalisation and liberal terms of abortion access for most New Zealand women who need an abortion.
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In March 2017, the Scottish National Party backed changes to prostitution laws to criminalise those paying for sex, but not those who sell it. The decision drew criticism from sex workers and sex worker organisations, who said that full decriminalisation was the only way to the ensure the safety of sex workers. The Scottish Green Party support the decriminalisation of sex work along with full legal protection from exploitation, trafficking and violence, and access to better support and healthcare for sex workers.
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In 2013, Beck received major media attention, when a text written by him in 1988 promoting decriminalisation of sex with children, didn't turn out to be altered by the publisher, as he has claimed.
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History of the New Zealand Prostitutes Collective, in Abel, G., Fitzgerald, L., & Healy, C., (Eds). Taking the crime out of sex work: New Zealand sex workers' fight for decriminalisation. Bristol: Policy Press, pp. 45–56.
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Other notable policies include electing the House of Lords, abolishing the monarchy and decriminalisation of cannabis. However, because the AGS is an alliance rather than a party, members are allowed to differ on certain policies.
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Sex work decriminalisation one step closer in South Australia after marathon debate In August 2017, the lower house was set to debate the bill; however, time ran out, resulting in a further delay to progress.
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The New Zealand Prostitutes Collective was established in 1987 to organise sex workers in this movement for protection and decriminalisation. Healy and her fellow members of the NZPC initiated this campaign for decriminalisation of prostitution. Prostitution was finally decriminalised in New Zealand in 2003 after the implementation of the Prostitution Reform Act 2003; Healy was in the public gallery to witness the final vote. On 24 February 2010, she was invited by the Oxford Union at the University of Oxford to debate whether prostitution should be decriminalised.
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Indradhanu is a social club at Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. The club aims to create a safe space for LGBT in the institute's campus. The club has been involved in the decriminalisation of homosexuality in India.
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She supported the decriminalisation of marijuana use long before it was fashionable, stating publicly that possession of marijuana/cannabis (or dagga, as it is known in South Africa) for personal use should not be a criminal offence.
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1 "ASSENTED TO 7TH DECEMBER, 1990" Decriminalisation was strongly opposed by the National Party at the time, but they ultimately failed to prevent it. Repeal of the anti-homosexuality offences took effect upon proclamation on 19 January 1991.
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The change in public sentiment was reflected in national politics. During 2017 national election campaign, the Labour Party, then in opposition, pledged to support decriminalisation. This commitment was announced by the party leader Jacinda Ardern during a televised debate.
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In 1993, as national secretary of Family Solidarity, he campaigned against the decriminalisation of homosexuality, calling it "unnatural",. In 2015, in the lead up to the marriage equality referendum, he campaigned against it, and called for a no vote.
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Orinam also acts as a local support group in Chennai for the queer community. Orinam also partners with the city-, state- and national initiatives around decriminalisation of homosexuality by amending Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code and LGBTQ rights.
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Michael Pitt-Rivers died in December 1999, aged 82. The role of Pitt-Rivers in the 1967 decriminalisation of homosexuality was explored in the 2007 Channel Four docudrama A Very British Sex Scandal, and the 2017 BBC film Against The Law.
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Project GayRussia.Ru was launched in Moscow on 17 May 2005 by Nikolai Alekseev on the first International Day Against Homophobia. He founded the organization because no progress had been made since the decriminalisation of male homosexuality in Russia in 1993.
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Until 1971, homosexual acts were prohibited. After decriminalisation, the age of consent was set to 18 for homosexual acts and 16 for heterosexual acts.Haggerty, George Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia Garland Publishing Inc. 2000 New York, New York page 325.
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KNP is in favor of decriminalisation of using and producing all drugs. KNP is in favor of establishing a presidential system instead of the current parliamentary one. KNP opposes same-sex marriage. The party also advocates restoration of capital punishment.
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Save Ulster from Sodomy was a political campaign launched in 1977 by Ian Paisley, MP, then leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Free Presbyterian Church, to prevent the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Northern Ireland. The campaign was ultimately unsuccessful.
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He also called for further promotion of sex education to prevent sexual violence, sexually transmitted diseases and contribute to eugenics and healthy marriage life. Furthermore, Dr. Huang agreed legalisation of abortion and homosexuality. In January 1980, a young Scottish Inspector with the Royal Hong Kong Police, John MacLennan, was found shot dead in his police dormitory before he was arrested on charges of homosexual behaviour which raised debates on decriminalisation of homosexuality. Although society was largely opposed to decriminalisation, Dr. Huang stated that if homosexual behaviours should not be criminal if the both parties were consent.
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David Cameron, the then new Conservative prime minister, said the murders were a "terrible shock". He said the decriminalisation of offences related to prostitution should be "looked at again", but he also added that: "I don't think we should jump to conclusions on this – there are all sorts of problems that decriminalisation would bring." Later, aides close to Cameron strongly insisted he was concerned with addressing the social problems surrounding it such as encouraging agencies to work together to help women off the streets or to combat drug addiction. Cameron has also called for tougher action on kerb-crawling and drug abuse.
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Consenting Adults is a 2007 BBC Four television dramatisation of the events of the Wolfenden committee, whose report led to the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Britain. Set in the 1950s, the film depicts social attitudes towards homosexuality in Britain at that time, largely focusing on the committee's chair, John Wolfenden, and his own homosexual son Jeremy. The film was commissioned as part of a season of programming marking the 40th anniversary of the decriminalisation of homosexuality in England and Wales in 1967. Similar legislation came into force in Scotland and Northern Ireland in 1981 and 1982 respectively.
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In 1973, tribes of hippies attended the Aquarius Festival in the Northern NSW town of Nimbin. When police tried to arrest revellers who were openly smoking marijuana, the crowd of 6,000 rioted. Nimbin is home to the Hemp Embassy, founded by activist pioneer Michael Balderstone, and the MardiGrass, an annual festival dedicated to cannabis which began in 1993. According to Jiggens,Jiggens, J (2007) In a Time of Murder – The Murder of Don Mackay, StickyPoint Magazine Issue 02 by 1977 there was again talk of decriminalisation of cannabis in New South Wales, following the decriminalisation of cannabis in nine US states.
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Brash voted for the decriminalisation of both prostitution and euthanasia, voted against raising the drinking age back up to 20 and voted against Manukau banning street prostitution. However, Brash did vote against the Civil Unions Bill because he backed a public mandate for any change to the law. He has also called for the decriminalisation of cannabis. In March 2013, Brash joined the debate over the future of Auckland, saying land needed to be freed up for residential zoning so house prices would come down, at odds with Mayor Len Brown's plan to stop urban sprawl and build the city upwards.
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Although the Government promised that the laws would not be enforced against gay men, police harassment and arrests continued on the pretence of other misdemeanours. The arrest of one activist, NIGRA secretary Jeffrey Dudgeon, proved instrumental in the ultimate success of the decriminalisation campaign.
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Despite her personal support for decriminalisation, Anna Bligh refused to introduce broader changes to abortion laws, stating that a conscience vote on decriminalisation would fail and might actually lead to tighter restrictions. Bligh's approach was criticised by doctors but welcomed by the Australian Christian Lobby's Jim Wallace. On 3 September 2009 the Criminal Code (Medical Amendment) Bill 2009 was passed by the Parliament of Queensland after a one- hour debate, with independent politician Liz Cunningham the only vote against. Aside from expanding the scope of the section 282 exemption from criminal liability, the amendments also allow women to self-administer abortifacients in accordance with a prescription.
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10-15 Additional rights organisations followed, including the Homosexual Law Reform Coalition in 1975 and the Gay Teachers Group in the late 1970s, both of which were also based in Melbourne. The Victorian LGBT community monitored events in South Australia surrounding the decriminalisation of homosexuality which took place between 1972 and 1975. In 1976, The Age reported that police had used entrapment to make mass arrests at Victoria's Black Rock Beach which angered the gay community and gave the issue wide public attention. Amidst the storm of protest and debate, widespread support for the decriminalisation of male homosexual acts surfaced within the political mainstream.
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Stroud: Sutton Publishing. pp. 512 pp. . In the 1960s, taking the lead in the decriminalisation of homosexuality in England and Wales, he still held the view that stated that homosexuality was "nauseating" and that, regardless of any change in the law, it was "utterly wrongful".Galloway, Bruce.
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John Frederick Wolfenden, Baron Wolfenden, CBE (26 June 1906, Swindon, Wiltshire – 18 January 1985, Guildford, Surrey) was a British educationalist probably best remembered for chairing the Wolfenden Committee whose report, recommending the decriminalisation of homosexuality, was published in 1957. He was headmaster of Uppingham and Shrewsbury.
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TUV's sole member Jim Allister is a hardline opponent of LGBT rights, having opposed the decriminalisation of homosexuality in the 1980s, and was the only Northern Ireland Assembly member to oppose an Alan Turing Law to pardon people convicted or cautioned under earlier anti-LGBT laws.
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A Nielsen poll in 2012 found that only 27% of voters favoured decriminalisation. Australia has steep penalties for growing and using drugs even for personal use. with Western Australia having the toughest laws. There is an associated anti-drug culture amongst a significant number of Australians.
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The respondents were also asked about how they felt concerning the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Bhutan. About 55% of respondents felt positive, with 15% feeling "strongly positive" and 40% were "somewhat positive". Conversely, about 44% responded negatively, 11% felt "strongly negative" and 33% felt "somewhat negative".
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The 2003 pride was a celebration of 10 years since the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Ireland, however, attendees were campaigning against the lack of state recognition of same-sex relationships, with the slogan "Legal Ten, Equal When". The parade took place on the weekend of 5–6 July 2003.
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The economic depression, alongside other structural and political reasons, contributed to an increase in the sex trade after the Second World War. The universal human rights movement of the time pushed for the decriminalisation of prostitution so as not to punish women who were victims of poverty or exploitation.
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Like many other countries, the UK has sex workers' rights groups, which argue that the best solution for the problems associated with prostitution is decriminalisation. These groups have criticised the provisions from the Policing and Crime Act 2009. The English Collective of Prostitutes (ECP), founded in 1975, campaigns for the decriminalisation of prostitution, sex workers' right to recognition and safety, and financial alternatives so that no one is forced into prostitution by poverty; in addition the ECP provides information, help and support to individual prostitutes and others concerned with sex workers' rights. One member, Nikki Adams, said that the government was overstating the extent of the trafficking problem, and that most prostitution was consensual.
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In 1968, paragraph 151 criminalised homosexual relations between adult men and those under 18 years old, establishing an unequal age of consent compared to that of heterosexuals, which was 14 years old for both sexes. This provision was struck down by the supreme court in 1987, arguing that an unequal age of consent excluded homosexuals from socialist society and the civil rights guaranteed to them. In July 1989, the age of consent for all sexual relations was set at 14. In an international context, decriminalisation aided the GDR's progressive image, bringing the country into line with ‘more progressive (in this matter) socialist states like Czechoslovakia and Poland, and pre-empting West German decriminalisation by one year’.
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Richardson is a trustee of English Collective of Prostitutes, a charity which aims to transform the lives of sex workers by campaigning against decriminalisation of prostitution and provides information, help, and support to individual sex workers and others who are concerned with sex workers' human, civil, legal, and economic rights.
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Coercion of sex workers is illegal. Often, when other countries discuss their future prostitution policy, the "New Zealand Model" is put forward as an example of decriminalisation. Now that sex work is legal, New Zealand has begun to actively work to tear down stigmas and make sex work a safe option.
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Dame Catherine Alice Healy (born 1955/1956) is a New Zealand sex workers' rights activist, field researcher and former prostitute working for decriminalisation of prostitution and generally for the improvement of the sex work profession. She is the national coordinator and a founding member of the New Zealand Prostitutes' Collective (NZPC).
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The book argues decriminalisation has resulted in better working conditions for prostitutes. She lives in Eastbourne. On 4 June 2018, Catherine Healy was awarded a New Zealand Order of Merit by Queen Elizabeth II on her official birthday. This award recognised her nearly 30-year career dedicated to decriminalising sex work.
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The death penalty in Hong Kong was mandatory sentence for murder, however no executive had been carried out since 1967. The motion was defeated and Martin Lee's amended motion of abolishing the death penalty was passed. The death penalty was repealed in 1993. Kingsley Sit strongly opposed the decriminalisation of homosexuality.
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Brunstrom has called for the decriminalisation of all drugs – including heroin and cocaine – and has urged the Government to declare an end to the "failed" war on illegal narcotics.Legalise all drugs: chief constable demands end to 'immoral laws' The Independent - 15 October 2007 He was police co-ordinator on drugs policy across Wales.
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In 2000, Corbyn signed an Early Day Motion calling for the decriminalisation of cannabis. Despite saying he has never smoked cannabis himself, Corbyn said in the 2015 Labour leadership election "we should be adult and grown up and decriminalise cannabis". Later, in the 2016 Labour leadership election, Corbyn called for the decriminalisation of cannabis for medicinal purposes, but said that he would not support legalising recreational drugs. He said about them that he wanted people to be "educated away from" taking drugs, and further stated that he "would also want to look at supporting people who want to get out of the drugs trade in other parts of the world because there is the horrors of the drugs war that's going on in Central America".
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Gay men continued to face harassment from the Royal Ulster Constabulary police force throughout the 1970s and 1980s, with the Northern Ireland Gay Rights Association (NIGRA) recording instances of harassment and continuing to lobby for decriminalisation. NIGRA members also faced arrests, forced medical examinations and house raids, ostensibly for other issues such as drug searches, but also had correspondence regarding the decriminalisation campaign confiscated by police. NIGRA were opposed by a vociferous Save Ulster from Sodomy campaign led by Ian Paisley, the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster and the Democratic Unionist Party, both of which were established by him. Initially, Paisley's campaign succeeded, with the British Government announcing in 1979 that it would not proceed with changes to Northern Ireland's anti-homosexuality laws.
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However, the party entered into an alliance with African Democratic Change for 2019. The party's position is that cannabis users should have the same rights as people who use tobacco and alcohol. Acton was one of the people responsible for bringing the case before a South African court which resulted in the partial decriminalisation of dagga in South Africa.
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None of the parties represented in the Oireachtas opposed decriminalisation. Coincidentally, the task of signing the bill decriminalising male homosexual acts fell to the then President of Ireland, Mary Robinson, an outspoken defender of gay rights who as a barrister and Senior Counsel had represented Norris in his Supreme Court and European Court of Human Rights case.
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Trimingham's son, Damien, was interested in history, music, sport and philosophy and was particularly fascinated by Dionysus. Trimingham's opinions about harm minimisation are clearly expressed in his interviews. and writings. He believes and advocates for Drug Law Reform for Australia, and the decriminalisation of drugs in aid of harm minimisation of drug use and related consequences.
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An investigation by Gay Times found that police in England and Wales recorded 2,022 such offences in 1989, the highest rate since decriminalisation. That year, 30% of all convictions for sexual offences in England and Wales concerned consensual gay sex, with such prosecutions costing the government £12 million, and the resulting prison terms an estimated £5.5 million.
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During his "Ask Me Anything" session on Reddit in March 2015, Satpathy admitted that he smoked cannabis when he was young. In August 2015, during the monsoon session of the Parliament, he proposed the decriminalisation of cannabis. In December 2015, he repeated his proposal during the winter session, saying that banning cannabis has forced villagers to turn to alcohol.
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A number of groups in the state actively lobby on both sides of the abortion debate, with protests held by supporters and opponents of decriminalisation. Groups in favour include Children by Choice, Pro Choice Queensland and Fair Agenda. Groups opposed to abortion include Cherish Life Queensland and Project 139. Project 139 demonstrated outside several abortion clinics in Brisbane.
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The Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform was an organisation set up to campaign for the decriminalisation of homosexuality in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland in the 1970s. Its most prominent leader was David Norris, an English studies lecturer in Trinity College, Dublin, Joycean scholar and from the 1980s to the present a member of Seanad Éireann.
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Cohen married Rae McNeill in October 1959 and they had three sons. Although Cohen voted for the decriminalisation of homosexuality in the 1970s, he spoke out against gay marriage, arguing that "gay marriage and conventional marriage is [not] the same thing". Cohen died on 18 December 2017, having been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease several years earlier.
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Dissenting minority opinions were recorded by the National, New Zealand First, ACT New Zealand, and United Future members. This was a Private Member's Bill, and theoretically, members were allowed a conscience vote. However, the three members of the 1999–2002 coalition (Labour, Greens, Alliance) all had decriminalisation in their manifestos. Later, the Prime Minister, Helen Clark, lent her support to the bill.
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Wotton also briefed MPs in Adelaide before a March 2012 screening of the film as part of a broader debate about the decriminalisation of the buying of sexual services in states beyond New South Wales, and a specific call by South Australia Dignity for Disability MP Kelly Vincent for disability services funding to pay for access to sex therapy or a prostitute.
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The denial was recorded by several members of the media who were covering the event. In May 2008, the Ministry of Health wrote to Project GayRussia.Ru and confirmed that it had finally removed homosexuals from its instruction. As of July 2013, this campaign still marks the only discrimination against homosexuals repealed in Russia since the decriminalisation of male same sex relations in 1993.
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Since November 2015, people who have been previously convicted of consensual homosexual sexual conduct prior to its decriminalisation in 1976 can apply to have their convictions erased permanently from their records. To that effect, the Spent Convictions (Historical Homosexual Convictions Extinguishment) Amendment Act 2015 passed the Legislative Assembly on 29 October 2015 and went into effect on 7 November 2015.
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Health Minister and bill initiator David Clark stated that the bill would allow medicinal cannabis to be made available on prescription. By contrast, National claim that the bill amounted to the decriminalisation of cannabis by stealth, "We support medicinal cannabis but strongly oppose the smoking of loose leaf cannabis in public. Smoked loose leaf is not a medicine" said spokesman Shane Reti.
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Topics covered included changes to divorce law, the death penalty, the Abortion Act 1967, the Race Relations Act 1968, the partial decriminalisation of homosexual acts (using editions of the documentary series Man Alive) and the relaxation of censorship. The evening concluded with a special new edition of Late Night Line-Up, the review programme that Joan Bakewell presented in the late 1960s.
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The International Union of Sex Workers (IUSW) is a United Kingdom based trade union for sex workers. It campaigns for the decriminalisation of prostitution, and to have sex work acknowledged as viable labour. In 2002, members voted to affiliate with the GMB, a general workers union. The union now has official recognition as the sex industry branch of the GMB.
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Organisations such as BPAS and Abortion Rights have been lobbying for the decriminalisation of sex-selective abortions. ;China China's government has increasingly recognized its role in a reduction of the national sex ratio. As a result, since 2005, it has sponsored a “boys and girls are equal campaign.” For example, in 2000, the Chinese government began the “Care for Girls” Initiative.
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In Parliament, Mikakos voted against the human cloning bill but for stem cell research, for abortion decriminalisation, for assisted reproductive technology reforms and for dying with dignity laws. These bills were subject to conscience votes in the Labor Party. Mikakos is a member of Labor's left faction. Mikakos resigned as Minister for Health and from the Legislative Council on 26 September 2020.
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18 and, as a result, was used as a warning to prevent incidents. Wood's death was sympathetically covered by Bronwyn Donaghy in a book on the event entitled Anna's Story in 1996. It raised similar concerns in the media that drug-taking was a problem among youth and argued against drug decriminalisation as a response to Wood's death.Donaghy, Anna's Story, pp. 188–90.
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The historian-sexologist Igor Kon in 1982 made an unsuccessful attempt to publish an article about the legal regulation of same-sex relationships in "Советское государство и право" magazine. In the mid 1980s, when lawyers in Soviet Russia worked with new Penal Code project, police and medical departments talked about the decriminalisation of "pederasty" due to the influence of Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika.
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Party leader Fiona Patten The Australian Sex Party's policy platform has been described as libertarian and supporting equality, social justice, civil liberties and freedom of choice. It is opposed to mandatory internet censorship, and supports the introduction of a national media classification scheme, including a rating for non-violent sexual content. The ASP also supports a Royal Commission into the sexual abuse of children in Australian religious institutions, and is in favour of legalised abortion, gay rights, voluntary euthanasia, the legalisation of cannabis for recreational use along with the decriminalisation of all other drugs for recreational use. However, although this said decriminalisation, or more specifically the removal of criminal sanction, is of interest to the party, they do recommend that this is dealt with by referring one found with illicit drugs to a corresponding treatment centre.
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In July 2013, French President François Hollande stated his personal support for decriminalisation of voluntary euthanasia in France, which had been one of his presidential campaign promises ("introduction of the right to die with dignity"), despite objections from France's National Consultative Ethics Committee/ Comité national consultatif d'éthique, which alleged "abuses" in adjacent jurisdictions that have decriminalised and regulated either voluntary euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Luxembourg). More socially conservative members of the Catholic Church and other major religious groups in France had announced that after expressing an opposition to the introduction of same-sex marriage in France, their next target may be the possible decriminalisation of voluntary euthanasia. In January 2016 both houses of France's parliament approved a measure that, while stopping short of euthanasia, would allow doctors to keep terminal patients sedated until death.
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Prior to September 1992, same-sex sexual activity was a criminal offence. After decriminalisation, the age of consent was set at 21, which at that time was the same age as in the United Kingdom. In 2001, the age of consent for male homosexuals was lowered to eighteen by the Criminal Justice Act 2001 (c.4). In 2006, by the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2006 (c.
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Sex work in the Australian Capital Territory is governed by the Sex Work Act 1992, also known as "Anna's Law", following partial decriminalisation in 1992. Brothels are legal, but sex workers were required to register with the Office of Regulatory Services (ORS), subsequently Access Canberra. The ORS also registered and regulated brothels and escort agencies. Sex workers may work privately but must work alone.
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The committee report (1980) recommended decriminalisation. Robin Millhouse's (former Liberal Attorney-General, but then a new LM and finally Democrat MLA) introduced (27 February 1980) a bill entitled "A Bill for an Act to give effect to the recommendations of the Select Committee of Inquiry into prostitution." It generated considerable opposition in the community and failed on a tied vote in the Assembly on 11 February 1981.
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She became the second New Zealander after David Lange to be invited to debate at the university. At the university, she argued for decriminalisation of prostitution and won the debate. Healy has membership of various boards and committees. She has been invited as a speaker at the House of Commons of the United Kingdom and acts as an advisory on issues and policy formulations related to prostitution.
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Although only fragments of his work have survived, it was a humorous anthology of homosexual advocacy, written with an obvious enthusiasm for its subject. It contains the argument: "Unnatural Desire is a Contradiction in Terms; downright Nonsense. Desire is an amatory Impulse of the inmost human Parts: Are not they, however constructed, and consequently impelling, Nature?" Jeremy Bentham, an early advocate for the decriminalisation of homosexuality.
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In 1956, Longford launched the first Parliamentary debate in support of the Wolfenden Report, which recommended the decriminalisation of homosexuality. He had been a staunch public supporter of Lord Montagu and his lover Peter Wildeblood after the two were jailed for breaking anti-gay laws in the early 1950s, and visited them regularly in prison.Stanford, Peter (2003). The Outcast's Outcast: A Biography of Lord Longford.
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Until 1961 homosexual acts were illegal. After decriminalisation the age of consent for homosexual acts was 20 and remained so until 1978. From then until 1999 the age of consent for such acts was 18, as specified by Section 199. In 2002 the Hungarian Constitutional Court repealed Section 199 and the age of consent for homosexual acts was lowered to 14 in line with heterosexual acts.
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The organizations supporting Amnesty International's position included the Committee on the Rights of Sex Workers in Europe (ICRSE), Sex Workers' Rights Advocacy Network in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia (SWAN), Human Rights Watch, and the Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women. On 11 August 2015, the International Council Meeting (ICM) adopted a resolution which authorized the International Board to develop and adopt the decriminalisation policy.
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The first physical exhibition, Queer Noise: The History of LGBT+ Music & Club Culture in Manchester, was held at the People's History Museum from July–September 2017 as part of Never Going Underground 2017, a major exhibition marking 50 years since the partial decriminalisation of homosexuality. The second exhibition, Suffragette City took place in March 2018 at The Refuge, Manchester and coincided with 100 Years of Women's Suffrage.
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Debbonaire describes herself as a "northern European socialist - a democratic socialist". She supports "fettered capitalism". Debbonaire opposes the decriminalisation of prostitution and has called for more funding and research to help reform male perpetrators of domestic violence. She supports mandatory education classes in female equality for newly-arrived male refugees, as well as more English language support for refugees as part of a broader integration strategy.
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Debbonaire's treatment for breast cancer led her to support greater regulation of alcohol. She supports mandatory graphic health warnings on alcoholic drinks, akin to those on cigarette packaging, and has called for parliamentary debate to raise awareness of the link between alcohol and cancer. Debbonaire supports the decriminalisation and regulation of drugs such as ecstasy and marijuana. She supports sending addicted users to mandatory rehabilitation programmes.
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His more recent book, "Kriminalpolitik für Menschen" ("Criminal Justice Policy for Human Beings", 1991), moved forward public discussion of decriminalisation more generally. As a Youth lawyer he became involved with the National Association for Youth Courts and Legal Youth Support ("Deutsche Vereinigung für Jugendgerichte und Jugendgerichtshilfen" / DVJJ), serving between 1962 and 1968 as the Association's chief executive, and then as its Chairman till 1986.
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This statute laid out the goals of the association including the reduction of discrimination and violence, the equalisation of the homosexual age of consent with heterosexual age of consent, decriminalisation, an end to treating homosexuality as a disease, the introduction of sexual education in schools including homosexuality and bisexuality as normal sexual preferences, an end to patriarchal domination in society, revision of family legislation, etc.
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Widdecombe supported the UK's partial decriminalisation of homosexuality in 1967. After that, Widdecombe consistently opposed further reforms while in Parliament. Out of the 17 parliamentary votes between 1998 and 2008 considered by the Public Whip website to concern equal rights for homosexuals, Widdecombe took the opposing position in 15 cases, not being present at the other two votes."Ann Widdecombe compared to 'Homosexuality – Equal rights'", Public Whip.
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In 2008, a European-drafted statement Patrick Worsnip 'U.N. divided over gay rights declaration' 19 December 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2017. called for the decriminalisation of homosexuality and recommended that states "take all the necessary measures, in particular legislative or administrative, to ensure that sexual orientation or gender identity may under no circumstances be the basis for criminal penalties, in particular executions, arrests or detention".
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Gorton was also a supporter of no-fault divorce. During the debate over what became the Family Law Act 1975, he crossed the floor to oppose a Coalition amendment which he thought complicated the requirements for divorce through separation.Hancock (2002), p. 377. In October 1973, Gorton introduced a motion in the House of Representatives calling for the decriminalisation of homosexuality, co-sponsored by Labor's Moss Cass.
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Following the decriminalisation of abortion, ALRANZ lobbied several hospital boards into establishing more abortion clinics and services. In November 1978, Epsom Day clinic opened in Auckland in November 1978. This was followed by the establishment of Wellington's Parkview Clinic in July 1980 and Christchurch's Lyndhurst Hospital in January 1986. Together with AMAC, these three clinics have provided the vast majority of abortions in New Zealand.
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The book discusses the effects of different sex work policies on the lives of sex workers, including analysis of: decriminalisation in countries like New Zealand; legalisation in places such as the Netherlands; the Nordic model; partial criminalisation in the U.K.; and full criminalisation in locales including the U.S. Mac and Smith argue for full decriminalisation of all sex work and suggest legal policies which would provide sex workers with additional labour rights. Using a Marxist feminist and materialist framework, they argue that issues with sex work are not unique to the industry, but are instead issues of labour exploitation under capitalism. The authors hold the perspective that almost all sex work is done out of material necessity. They discuss survival sex as well as groups including disabled people, undocumented migrants or the LGBTQ community who may have no job options other than sex work.
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Major social reforms included the decriminalisation of homosexuality in the Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986. Bassett wholeheartedly supported the reforms, and when the government and party schismed over issues of economic reform, Bassett took the side of finance minister Roger Douglas, the main architect of the reforms. In 1990, Labour was defeated in another landslide election. Bassett did not contest the 1990 election, and retired from active politics.
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In the election campaign of 2017, prostitution law reform was among the topics debated, and the Barnett government defeated with a return to power of the ALP. Public discussion of reform has continued since, with lobbying on both sides of the question, while a further review of the industry, following up on the 2010 (LASH) report, continued to recommend decriminalisation (The Law and Sex worker Health, LASH reports).
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Revolting Prostitutes: The Fight for Sex Workers' Rights is a 2018 book by sex workers Juno Mac and Molly Smith. They analyse the effects of varying sex work policies, arguing for full decriminalisation. The book covers topics including survival sex, migrant sex work, feminist views on sex work and drug use among sex workers. The authors believe that common criticisms of sex work are more general issues with capitalism.
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Social and political opinion remained sharply against LGBT rights until the late 1990s. Many LGBTI Tasmanians responded to the hostile sentiment by either relocating to the mainland Australian cities of Sydney or Melbourne, living in the closet or committing suicide. Recalling the personal impact of the 1990s decriminalisation debate, comedian Hannah Gadsby noted it led her to "rot quietly in self-hatred" and unable to develop an aptitude for relationships.
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A student referendum was held on the issue and unfortunately the women were unsuccessful at that time. A policy of ‘no policy’ was upheld. It would be another 40 years before those women were able to celebrate Qld abortion decriminalisation. A campaign about women's safety on campus raised awareness of the prevalence of sexual assault and rape on campus – it was some years, however, before the university responded.
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In 2017 he also appeared in The Real Full Monty, celebrating the original movies 20th anniversary and raising awareness for prostate and testicular cancer. In addition, he also appeared in BBC Queer As Art documentary celebrating the LGBTQ contribution to British arts in the 50 years since decriminalisation. In January 2018 Wayne Sleep entered the British version of Celebrity Big Brother, making the final and finishing in 5th place.
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If this bill passes into law the criminal records of men who were convicted will not be expunged as there is no facility for this to happen. Such men will continue to have a criminal record despite the exoneration and apology. Some concern has been raised over non-consensual sexual acts between adult men in the past. A motion before the Oireachtas is due on the 25th anniversary of decriminalisation.
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They presided over 13 years of economic recovery and stability. However the Suez Crisis of 1956 demonstrated Britain was no longer a superpower. Ghana, Malaya, Nigeria and Kenya were granted independence during this period. Labour returned to power under Harold Wilson in 1964 and oversaw a series of social reforms including the partial decriminalisation of homosexuality and abortion, the relaxing of divorce laws and the end of capital punishment.
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It set a standard that eventually most of the world followed. Dr Cornwall introduced legislation decriminalising possession of small quantities of cannabis. He introduced the legislation as a private members bill, having secured support for the policy at the Labor Party convention. He was motivated by a strong belief that decriminalisation would break the nexus between soft and hard drugs, which cause much greater harm to individuals and society.
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It is therefore important to note that the extent of 'permissiveness' that occurred in the 1960s may have been overstated.National Deviancy Conference (ed) Permissiveness and Control: The Fate of the Sixties Legislation: London: Macmilan: 1980Tim Newburn: Permission and Regulation: Morals in Postwar Britain: London: Routledge: 1992 Some would argue that in the case of LGBT rights in the United Kingdom, Western Europe, Canada and New Zealand, the initial changes were only a prelude to further periods of legislative change: same sex marriage or civil unions and gay adoption have all occurred since the initial decriminalisation of homosexuality. As well as this, there have been further periods of social reformist legislation that have not similarly been described as evidence of a permissive society. These include the passage of legislation that decriminalised prostitution in Australia and prostitution in New Zealand, as well as the decriminalisation of medical marijuana across many US states and partial legalization of recreational marijuana in Canada.
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Igor Luksic at Sveti Stefan Igor Lukšić started his tenure by expressing that he was trying to phase in a new kind of governance, by applying a more deliberative approach to politics. During the first 100 days of his cabinet he organized meetings with representatives of different groups within Montenegrin society, including the opposition parties, NGOs, various minority and church representatives. The approach was welcomed quite warmly.NGO Center for Democratic Transition analyzed the message of Prime Minister Igor Luksic (accessed: 20 September 2011) The NGO sector also welcomed the decriminalisation of libel, which took place in June 2011 under the Luksic government, and was regarded as a measure that improved the freedom of the press in Montenegro.NGOs Welcome Montenegro's Decriminalisation of Libel (accessed: 10 October 2011) The part of interior policy regarded as most important by international observers was the fight against corruption and organized crime, as problems with criminality are perceived as the biggest hurdle on Montenegro's way toward EU membership.
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Hitchens first announced The War We Never Fought's publication in 2011, and stated that the book would examine "the secret surrender of the British establishment to the cannabis lobby in the late 1960s, and the results of this surrender". Before the book's publication, Hitchens had often advocated in his writing a society governed by conscience and the rule of law, which he sees as the best guarantee of liberty, and he had also frequently and at length voiced opposition to the decriminalisation of recreational drugs (arguing that the legal prohibition of drug use is an essential counterweight to "pro-drug propaganda") and had debated a number of figures who are for such decriminalisation, including Christopher Snowdon of the Institute of Economic Affairs, and Howard Marks. He has also debated the topic of drugs with the comedian Russell Brand. Hitchens had claimed attempts to combat drug use by restricting supply and prosecuting drug dealers were futile, unless possession and use were also punished.
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The official position of the CDA is that dagga should be decriminalised, reasoning that criminalisation has been shown to have little effect on the prevalence of drug use, and that decriminalisation could improve public health. However, the CDA does not currently support commercialisation of the plant. In 2015, the Department of Social Development commissioned the CDA to conduct research into the feasibility of partially legalising dagga. That research is yet to be completed.
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The New Zealand Prostitutes' Collective (NZPC) is a New Zealand- based organisation that supports the rights of sex workers and educates prostitutes about minimizing the risks of the job. It was founded in 1987 by, among others, Catherine Healy, and received funding from the Minister of Health in 1988, and subsequently the Department of Health (which became the Ministry of Health). The organisation played a major part in the decriminalisation of prostitution.
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Victoria has a long history of debating prostitution, and was the first State to advocate regulation (as opposed to decriminalisation in New South Wales) rather than suppression of prostitution. Legislative approaches and public opinion in Victoria have gradually moved from advocating prohibition to control through regulation. While much of the activities surrounding prostitution were initially criminalised de jure, de facto the situation was one of toleration and containment of 'a necessary evil'.
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Further criminalization would prohibit all forms of prostitution but was felt to be impossible to enforce, had little public support, and represented the imposition of moral views through the criminal law. The Committee did not fully support decriminalisation either, on the grounds that it found little evidence that all of the harms would be alleviated. The Committee also rejected regulation by the state. Instead, the Committee put forward recommendations having elements of all three approaches.
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In 2016, Sullivan co-starred in the second series of the BBC drama Ordinary Lies. In 2017, to mark 50 years since the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Britain, Sullivan came out as gay on Instagram and announced that he had married his partner. In 2018, Sullivan starred in the UK premier of It’s Only Life at The Union Theatre in London. In 2019, Sullivan started in the critically acclaimed BBC series Years and Years.
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His role in the decriminalisation of homosexuality in England & Wales, which occurred in 1967, was explored in the Channel Four docudrama A Very British Sex Scandal, and the 2017 BBC docudrama Against The Law, based on his book. Wildeblood moved to Canada, becoming a citizen of the country in the 1980s. In 1994, he suffered a stroke which left him without the power of speech and quadriplegic. He died in Victoria, British Columbia, in 1999.
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Achmat co-founded the National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality in 1994, and as its director he ensured protections for gays and lesbians in the new South African Constitution, and facilitated the prosecution of cases that led to the decriminalisation of sodomy and granting of equal status to same-sex partners in the immigration process. Achmat wrote a much-cited article about sexuality in South African prisons, based on his personal experiences.
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Chipp and Lalor divorced in 1979, and Chipp married Idun Welz later that same year. They had two children. His eldest son, Greg Chipp, established Drug Law Reform Australia, a political party focused on the decriminalisation of illegal drugs, and contested the 2013 and 2016 federal elections. Don Chipp's youngest daughter, Laura Chipp, contested the 2017 by-election in the Victorian electorate of Northcote, representing the Reason Party (formerly known as the Australian Sex Party).
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However, another archive source documents an additional sample mention, the commission for the trial of Gavin Bell in 1645. In 1889, Scotland became the last jurisdiction in Europe to abolish the death penalty for same-sex sexual intercourse, which reduced the penalty to life imprisonment in a penitentiary. The United Kingdom Parliament voted to pass the Sexual Offences Act 1967 for the limited decriminalisation of homosexual acts in only England and Wales.
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Cunliffe is generally liberal when it comes to conscience issues. He voted in favour of the decriminalisation of prostitution, the establishment of civil unions, and the criminalisation of parental corporal punishment. He voted against defining marriage as between one man and one woman, and voted in favour of legalising same-sex marriage. In 2006, he voted in favour of raising the legal drinking age from 18 to 20, but voted against it in 2012.
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The party is for the legalisation of all drugs and would end what they call the costly and ineffective War on drugs. They also support the decriminalisation of prostitution in line with the New Zealand Model, as advocated by Amnesty International. The party is pro-free speech, and oppose restrictions of what the SNP describes as "hate speech." The party's leader, Tam Laird, wrote once that he lived in Zambia as a boy.
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Memorial in St Margaret's Church, Felbrigg Ketton-Cremer died on 12 December 1969. He bequeathed Felbrigg Hall to the National Trust. A brief memoir was written shortly after his death by the literary scholar Mary Lascelles. To mark the 50th anniversary of the decriminalisation of sexual activity between men in England and Wales, in summer 2017 the National Trust organised a national "Prejudice and Pride" campaign highlighting the LGBT themes in its properties.
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The main activity of Sydney's Pride History Group involves the collection of oral histories. The bulk of interviews have been collected as part of the 100 Voices Collection, which includes memories dating back to the 1950s.Jeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History? (Oxford: Polity Press, 2016) The 100 Voices Collection also includes interviews about what would become known later as Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras, the HIV/AIDS epidemic, decriminalisation and the marriage equality movement.
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Laws covering sex work in Australia are state and territory based, with different regulations in different places. New South Wales decriminalised sex work in 1995, after the Wood Royal Commission into Police Corruption showed that police were inappropriate regulators of the sex industry. A governmental review in 2016 resulted in continuing support of decriminalisation of sex work "as the best way of protecting sex workers and maintaining a more transparent sex work industry".
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The threat of criminal repercussions drives sex-workers and injecting drug users to the margins of society, often resulting in high- risk behaviour, increasing the rate of overdose, infectious disease transmission, and violence. Decriminalisation as a harm-reduction strategy gives the ability to treat drug abuse solely as a public health issue rather than a criminal activity. This enables other harm-reduction strategies to be employed, which results in a lower incidence of HIV infection.
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English (left) at a 2011 Anzac Day service in Wellington, alongside then-Governor-General Sir Anand Satyanand (centre) English is regarded as more socially conservative than his predecessor, John Key. He has stated his opposition to voluntary euthanasia and physician assisted suicide,Euthanasia bill dies in NZ Parliament , Australasian Bioethics Information, 86, 1 August 2003. same-sex civil unions, and the decriminalisation of prostitution. He also opposes any "liberalisation" of abortion law.
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Prostitution in New Zealand, brothel-keeping, living off the proceeds of someone else's prostitution, and street solicitation are legal in New Zealand and have been since the Prostitution Reform Act 2003 came into effect. Coercion of sex workers is illegal.Section 16, Prostitution Reform Act 2003. The 2003 decriminalisation of brothels, escort agencies and soliciting, and the substitution of a minimal regulatory model, created worldwide interest; New Zealand prostitution laws are now some of the most liberal in the world.
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On 25 April 2010, he performed on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. in the 40th anniversary celebration of Earth Day. Sting is a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation. In 2010, he became a Patron of the poverty alleviation and beekeeping charity Bees for Development. In 2011, Sting joined more than 30 others in an open letter to British Prime Minister David Cameron for "immediate decriminalisation of drug possession" if a policy review showed it had failed.
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On becoming Minister he set a blueprint for reform 'Setting the Agenda' and achieved 11 of the 12 specific goals. He was also Minister for Housing, Corrections and Children's Services and was Manager of Government Business. He chaired the Australian Ministerial Councils for both Health and Corrections. Moore was a social progressive who was responsible for the legalisation of prostitution, the decriminalisation of cannabis and who was a strong advocate for trialling the provision of heroin to dependent users.
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He shifted his position in 1984, responding to the AIDS crisis, becoming an advocate for the (still tightly regulated) decriminalisation of Cannabis use. But he continued to speak out against the alleged benefits of Methadone treatment. He was also critical of Methadone substitutes, notably "Subutex" (Buprénorphine) on account of addictive properties that could very readily make it a "treatment for a lifetime". In 1987 Claude Olievenstein accepted an appointment as associate professor of Anthropology at the University of Lyon.
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Abse became the bill's main sponsor and he re-introduced the bill. By 1967, the government of Harold Wilson was showing support for the bill. The decriminalisation of homosexuality was one of multiple liberal social reforms to be passed under Wilson's 1966-70 government and the wider move towards a "permissive society". Other reforms of the era included the legalisation of abortion the same year, the relaxation of divorce laws and the abolition of theatre censorship and capital punishment.
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"Establishment has never been one of my enthusiasms," he said, and "he was not at ease with the royal family." He supported the decriminalisation of homosexuality in the 1960s, which brought him enemies in the House of Lords. In 1965, "he outraged right-wingers when he declared that under certain circumstances, there would be Christian justice in using British troops to overthrow the white-minority regime [of Ian Smith] in Rhodesia." He also called the Vietnam War a "futility".
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Some states are yet to submit their full data. On 18 December 2015 Shashi Tharoor, a member of the Indian National Congress, introduced a Private Members Bill for the decriminalisation of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code in the Lok Sabha, but the motion was rejected by house by a vote of 71–24 with one abstention. On 12 March 2016, Tharoor once again introduced a Private Members Bill for the decriminilsation of Section 377.
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In 2015, in response to Union finance minister Arun Jaitley's statements in support of decriminalisation of homosexuality in India, Azam Khan reportedly made homophobic remarks, calling RSS leaders homosexuals. A day later, Kamlesh Tiwari, later the founder of Hindu Samaj Party, issued a press statement slamming Azam for his comment against the RSS. Tiwari also allegedly made objectionable comments against the Prophet. Tiwari's response sparked protests by conservative Indian Muslims, with some demanding a death penalty for Tiwari.
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In 1995, the Spanner Trust was established to provide assistance to the Spanner defendants, lobby for a change in British law to legalise sadomasochism, and provide assistance to any person subjected to discrimination because of their consensual sexual behaviour. That December, following a public consultation, the Law Commission published 'Consent in the Criminal Law', a consultation paper recommending the decriminalisation of consensual sadomasochistic acts, except in the case of 'seriously disabling injury'. This recommendation was never adopted into law.
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It is argued that decriminalisation "would challenge the stigma that surrounds sex workers. It would help secure their human rights and dignity, and make for safer work and living conditions for them." Decriminalising prostitution would limit the power the police have on sex workers and it would stop the police or law enforcers from taking advantage of sex workers. Police enforcement is rigorous and police taking and accepting bribes by the police and their clients is common place.
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Dr Leavasa describes himself as a social conservative with a Christian faith background. He opposed the 2020 decriminalisation of abortion, saying: "I come from a faith background, and so I won't move on my moral convictions. In regards to the abortion legislation, I would have, from a faith background and a conservative view, have voted against it." Leavasa wants the government to build more housing to accommodate Takanini's growing population and to also reduce the health risks from overcrowding.
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Views on drug legality and policing vary greatly within the Conservative Party. Some Conservative politicians such as Alan Duncan and Crispin Blunt take the libertarian approach that individual freedom and economic freedom of industry and trade should be respected. Other Conservative politicians, despite being economically liberal, are in favour of full prohibition of the ownership and trade of many drugs. Other Conservatives are in the middle ground, favouring stances such as looser regulation and decriminalisation of some drugs.
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According to a report co-produced with Helem, the stated reason for the raid was the suspected "presence of homosexual individuals".The fight goes on for Lebanon's LGBT community In May 2016, LGBT activists staged a sit-in, demanding Article 534 be repealed.In rare Lebanon sit-in, LBGT activists protest against article 534 In March 2018, the Kataeb Party, a minor Christian party, expressed support for the decriminalisation of homosexuality and the repeal of Article 534.
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In December 1989, the Parliament of Western Australia passed the Law Reform (Decriminalisation of Sodomy) Act 1989 which decriminalised private sexual acts between two people of the same sex and went into effect in March 1990.Gay Law Reform in Australian States and territories The Act was however, one of the strictest gay law reform acts in Australia, as it made the age of consent for homosexual sex acts between males 21, whilst lowering the heterosexual age of consent to 16. The Act also created new homosexual-oriented offences under state law, including making it a crime for a person to "...promote or encourage homosexual behaviour as part of the teaching in any primary or secondary educational institutions..." or make public policy with respect to the undefined promotion of homosexual behaviour.Law Reform (Decriminalisation of Sodomy) Act 1989 LGBT people in Western Australia achieved equalisation of consent ages in 2002 via the Acts Amendment (Gay and Lesbian Law Reform) Act 2002, which also repealed the laws with respect to promotion of homosexual behaviour in public policy and in educational institutions.
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In 1965, Conservative peer Lord Arran proposed the decriminalisation of male homosexual acts (lesbian acts had never been illegal) in the House of Lords. This was followed by Humphry Berkeley in the House of Commons a year later, though Berkeley ascribed his defeat in the 1966 general election to the unpopularity of this action. However, in the newly elected Parliament, Labour MP Leo Abse took up the issue and the Sexual Offences Bill was put before Parliament in order to implement some of the Wolfenden Committee's recommendations after almost ten years of campaigning. The Sexual Offences Act 1967 (; ) was accordingly passed and received royal assent on 27 July 1967 after an intense late-night debate in the House of Commons. It maintained general prohibitions on buggery and indecency between men, but provided for a limited decriminalisation of homosexual acts where three conditions were fulfilled: 1) the act had to be consensual, 2) the act had to take place in private and 3) the act could involve only people that had attained the age of 21.
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The United States develops nuclear weapons in 1941, leading to a Cold War between Nazi Germany, its satellites, and the United States. The latter has never gone to war against the Japanese Empire in the Pacific. As a result, this United States has become far more socially conservative. Because there was no sixties upsurge of social liberalism and decriminalisation of homosexuality in (Nazi- occupied) Western Europe in this world, the latter is still a felony, while racial segregation is still active.
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This proved to be true, as the legislature was prorogued on 30 January 2013, pending the general election on 9 March, and thus all bills lapsed. The Barnett government was returned in that election with a clear majority, but stated it would not reintroduce the previous bill and that the subject was a low priority. Meanwhile, sex workers continued to push for decriminalisation. A division exists within the government party, with some members such as Nick Goiran threatening 'civil war'.
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The Prostitution Law Review Committee, a committee established by the New Zealand government, had Healy as one of its members. She has worked as a field researcher and has been involved with multiple research undertakings. She also works as a consultant for prostitutes of all genders, brothel owners and other persons involved in prostitution. With Gillian Abel and Lisa Fitzgerald, Healy has co-edited the book Taking the Crime Out of Sex Work: New Zealand Sex Workers' Fight for Decriminalisation.
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"It started in 1977 with the publication of a book by a woman who is better known as a mathematician. Shakuntala Devi's The World of Homosexuals can be said to have inaugurated social-reformist homophilic Indian writing in English. She concluded her book by calling for not only the decriminalisation of homosexuality in India, but also its 'full and complete acceptance' by the heterosexual population so that the Indian homosexual may lead a dignified and secure life." Arvind Narrain and Gautam Bhan (eds).
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The Finnish Cannabis Association (FCA; ; , commonly referred to by the acronym SKY) is a Finnish non-governmental organisation whose purpose is to advocate legalisation or decriminalisation of cannabis. The FCA started operating in 1990 and was officially established in 1991. According its mission statement, the purpose of the association is to influence the Finnish legislation so that adults could legally use, obtain and cultivate cannabis for personal use. The FCA also studies the use of cannabis in different cultures during different times.
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He had approached a miner on his way home from the pub, who upon discovering Crowe was male, beat and strangled him. John Cooney was found not guilty of murder and sentenced to five years for manslaughter. In response to the violence and unfair treatment of gay men, the Sexual Offences Act 1967 was passed. It maintained the general prohibitions on buggery and indecency between men, but provided for a limited decriminalisation of homosexual acts where three conditions were fulfilled.
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London Lesbian and Gay Switchboard group at Pride London 2010. Switchboard is the second-oldest LGBT+ telephone helpline in the United Kingdom, launched the day after Edinburgh Befrienders (later Edinburgh Gay and Lesbian Switchboard). Switchboard was launched in March 1974 as the London Lesbian and Gay Switchboard, providing help and information to London's gay community, particularly in the aftermath of the 1967 partial decriminalisation of male homosexuality in England and Wales. It received its first call on 4 March 1974.
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The Labor government's bill, which does not restrict who can enter into a surrogacy arrangement, was tabled in November and passed 45 to 36 on 11 February 2010 with seven not voting. The opposition's surrogacy bill was dismissed, and their amendments did not pass. The decriminalisation of altruistic surrogacy allows singles and couples to enter into surrogacy arrangements and to become the parent of a child. It remains illegal for Queensland residents to enter into commercial surrogacy arrangements anywhere in the world.
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She did not back any of the final four leadership candidates. She later became a vocal critic of Corbyn and said the party under his leadership was "running on empty". She supported Owen Smith in the failed attempt to replace Corbyn in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election. Also in 2016, she criticised Corbyn after he endorsed decriminalisation of the sex industry and accused left-wing campaign group Momentum of being more interested in "meetings and moralising" than real campaigning.
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From the outset it defended belief in evolution and critical scholarship of the Bible. It promoted the ordination of women from the 1920s. During the twentieth century it was among the first voices within the Church to campaign for contraception, remarriage after divorce, the abolition of capital punishment, the decriminalisation of homosexuality and the consecration of women bishops. As part of its work in support of gay and lesbian clergy it was heavily involved in resisting the proposed Anglican Covenant.
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It was modelled on the recommendations of the UK's Wolfenden report. While noting his personal objections to homosexuality, Gorton stated that most gay people "hurt no one, harm no one and yet have this hanging over them". He dismissed arguments that decriminalisation would violate "God's law", noting that many religious leaders were in favour of a change, and stated that the existing law had led to "bashing", blackmail, and suicides. The motion passed by 24 votes, with all parties receiving a conscience vote.
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Since the 1970s New Zealand has shown a more socially liberal outlook. Beginning with the decriminalisation of homosexuality in 1986, successive governments have progressively increased the protection of LGBT rights, culminating in the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. In 2020, an Abortion Legislation Act, that further decriminalised abortion, was supported by members from all parties in Parliament. The idea of serving as a moral example to the world has been an important element of New Zealand national identity.
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In July 2020, the sodomy law that previously punished gay men with up to 100 lashes for the first offence, five years in jail for the second and the death penalty the third time around was abolished, with new legislation reducing the penalty to prison terms ranging from five years to life. Sudanese LGBT+ activists hailed the reform as a 'great first step', but said it was not enough yet, and the end goal should be the decriminalisation of gay sexual activity altogether.
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A youth section of the SDLP was first floated in late 1973 which led to the short lived group “the Young Social Democrats” which organised from 1974 to 1976. Public Record Office for Northern Ireland, Reference D3072/1/32/3, collected 20th of October 2020. The current youth wing started organising in the early 1990’s bringing motions, such as the decriminalisation of marijuana,"Sense of the task ahead dampens conference euphoria Delegates emphasise the need for fledging peace to be underpinned." The Irish Times.
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The authors Juno Mac and Molly Smith entered the sex work industry around 2010 at the ages of 20. Mac's previous job was a year-long internship at a magazine for £30 per day, while Smith previously worked at a coffee shop. Initially liberal feminists, the pair became involved in sex workers' rights activism, eventually identifying as communists. They were both involved in the Sex Worker Advocacy and Resistance Movement (SWARM); Smith was involved in the Edinburgh charity SCOT-PEP, which advocates for sex work decriminalisation.
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Along with the Liberal member for Ningaloo Rod Sweetman, Alan Cadby offered to serve out his parliamentary term as a Family First Party member. Rod Sweetman's offer was later rejected by that party due to Rod Sweetman supporting a bill for decriminalisation of abortion in 1998. Alan Cadby withdrew his candidature for the Party following the treatment of Rod Sweetman by Family First. Independents have traditionally struggled in the Legislative Council, and facing near-certain defeat, Cadby decided to retire at the 2005 state election.
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Rose claimed: "What other reason would it be apart from my profession? I don't do any harm, I don't make noise and I am just normal." In 2015 she appeared on an edition of BBC Two's The Daily Politics in which she argued for the decriminalisation of brothels in the United Kingdom. In 2017 she took part in Things Sex Workers are Tired of Hearing, a sketch for the online BBC channel BBC Three, believing it would help viewers understand the reality of being a sex worker.
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have evolved dramatically over time. Before and during the formation of the United Kingdom, Christianity and homosexuality were seen to clash. Same-sex sexual activity was characterised as "sinful" and, under the Buggery Act 1533, was outlawed and punishable by death. LGBT rights first came to prominence following the decriminalisation of sexual activity between men, in 1967 in England and Wales, and later in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
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Homosexual acts began to be decriminalised in the United Kingdom in 1967 in England and Wales, under the Sexual Offences Act 1967. This change in law did not apply to the separate legal jurisdictions of Northern Ireland and Scotland. In 1975 the Northern Ireland Gay Rights Association was established to campaign for equivalent legislation for Northern Ireland. In response to the government's proposal to consider law reform, Paisley launched Save Ulster from Sodomy, a campaign given a further boost when decriminalisation was extended to Scotland in 1980.
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The recommendation was that the consideration of decriminalisation be delayed for another 10 years. In 1985, against a backdrop of growing awareness at community and government levels of illicit drug use at a national level, the National Campaign Against Drug Abuse (NCADA) was established. Since 1985, the national drug policy in Australia has been based on the principle of criminalisation and harm minimisation; the National Campaign against Drug Abuse has since become the National Drug Strategy. The National Cannabis Strategy 2006–2009 was endorsed in 2006.
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Following the 2017 general election, Conservative party members voted to change the party's name at an annual general meeting in November 2017. It was subsequently renamed the "New Conservative Party". As of mid-2019, the party's two key bases were in Canterbury and the Auckland Region, where Party Leader Baker and Deputy Leader Ikilei are based. Since its revamp, the party has campaigned on free speech issues and conservative family values, and opposed the United Nation's Global Compact for Migration and the decriminalisation of abortion and euthanasia.
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He was appointed Minister for Primary Industry. A month later, William McMahon replaced John Gorton as Liberal leader and prime minister. McMahon wanted Sinclair to become Minister for Foreign Affairs, but for various reasons had to keep him in the primary industry portfolio and appoint Les Bury as foreign minister instead. Sinclair did later serve as acting foreign minister in Bury's absence. In 1973, Sinclair was one of the six Country MPs to vote in favour of John Gorton's motion calling for the decriminalisation of homosexuality.
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Some people like Ethan Nadelmann of the Drug Policy Alliance have suggested that organized marijuana legalization would encourage safe use and reveal the factual adverse effects from exposure to this herb's individual chemicals. The way the laws concerning cannabis are enforced is also very selective, even discriminatory. Statistics show that the socially disadvantaged, immigrants and ethnic minorities have significantly higher arrest rates. Drug decriminalisation, such as allowing the possession of small amounts of cannabis and possibly its cultivation for personal use, would alleviate these harms.
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Dunne supported the decriminalisation of homosexuality when it became an issue in the mid 1980s, and has consistently favoured more liberal drinking laws. In a 2008 interview, he suggested it may be time to review New Zealand's abortion laws and leave the decision to a woman and her doctor, based on informed consent. From 2007, Dunne rebranded United Future as a centrist party, based on promoting strong families and vibrant communities. He wanted United Future to become New Zealand's version of Britain's Liberal Democrats.
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Most of Die Freundschaft authors wrote under pseudonyms initially, but after a debate which concluded that the use of pseudonyms was counterproductive to the gay rights movement, most writers used their true names. Contributors wrote about the history of homosexuality and argued for its decriminalisation. They mostly approached the topics of homosexuality and gender variance from a spiritual rather than a science-based perspective, and considered how these topics could fit into existing religions. The magazine strongly promoted the ideas of reincarnation and karma.
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The street was part of Wellington's red-light district, particularly in its western half around the junction of Cuba Street, during most of the 20th century. It contained strip joints, peep shows and illegal brothels. During WW1 the area was known as Gallipoli due to the number of soldiers visiting the area. With the decriminalisation of prostitution in the early 21st century, Vivian Street's 'reputation' is undergoing a revival, with the recent opening of Il Bordello Gentlemen's Club,Il Bordello Gentlemen's Club, New Zealand.
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Meanwhile, Māori culture underwent a renaissance, and from the 1950s Māori began moving to the cities in large numbers. This led to the development of a Māori protest movement which in turn led to greater recognition of the Treaty of Waitangi in the late 20th century. In the 1980s the economy was largely deregulated and a number of socially liberal policies, such as decriminalisation of homosexuality, were put in place. Foreign policy, which had previously consisted mostly of following Britain or the United States, became more independent.
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FamilyVoice Australia has opposed same-sex marriage and sex toys being sold in Australian supermarkets. They also oppose same-sex couples being able to adopt children in Australian states, saying that children "do best when raised by a mother and a father" and have argued against altruistic surrogacy. FamilyVoice has stated "a child is at significantly greater risk of abuse in any family type other than an intact two-parent family". FamilyVoice is opposed to the decriminalisation of sex work and the introduction of an R18+ classification for computer games.
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Cannabis has been available for recreational use in coffee shops since 1976. Cannabis products are only sold openly in certain local "coffeeshops" and possession of up to 5 grams for personal use is decriminalised, however, the police may still confiscate it, which often happens in car checks near the border. Other types of sales and transportation are not permitted, although the general approach toward cannabis was lenient even before official decriminalisation. Though retail sales are tolerated, production, transportation, and bulk possession of marijuana outside of retail stores is illegal, preventing testing for contaminants and dosing.
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A number of liberalising social reforms were passed through parliament during Wilson's first period in government. These included the near abolition of capital punishment, decriminalisation of sex between men in private, liberalisation of abortion law and the abolition of theatre censorship. The Divorce Reform Act 1969 was passed by Parliament (and came into effect in 1971). Such reforms were mostly via private member's bills on 'free votes' in line with established convention, but the large Labour majority after 1966 was undoubtedly more open to such changes than previous parliaments had been.
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In recent years he has turned to film-making and directed three full-length documentary films: To Be Frank , about Frank Sinatra, and 27: Gone Too Soon , about the 27 Club, both for Netflix; 50 Years Legal, marking 50 years since the decriminalisation of homosexuality in the UK, for Sky Arts. Napier-Bell is CEO of the Pierbel Group , which offers music management and consultancy, and is originating producer of Raiding the Rock Vault , the No 1 rated music show in Las Vegas , and Raiding the Country Vault, in Branson, Missouri.
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During the parliamentary debates and committees, support came from some women's rights groups, some human rights groups, and some public health groups. The police were neutral. Some feminists opposed the decriminalisation of brothels and pimping (see feminist views on prostitution), Christian groups were divided, and fundamentalist religious groups, including Right to Life, were opposed. The Prostitution Reform Act (PRA) passed its third reading on 25 June 2003. This bill passed narrowly; of 120 member of parliaments, 60 voted for it, 59 against, and one politician, Labour's Ashraf Choudhary, the country's only Muslim MP, abstained.
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Though an early backer of decriminalisation of male homosexuality, at the 1987 Conservative Party conference Thatcher's speech read: "Children who need to be taught to respect traditional moral values are being taught that they have an inalienable right to be gay". Backbench Conservative MPs and peers had already begun a backlash against the "promotion" of homosexuality and, in December 1987, the controversial "Section 28" was added as an amendment to what became the Local Government Act 1988. This legislation was eventually repealed by Tony Blair's government between 2000 and 2003.
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The DUP were to the forefront in the campaign of the 1970s and 1980s to stop the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Northern Ireland. On 4 July 2005 it was announced that Berry had been suspended from the DUP following an internal disciplinary panel meeting. The paper has been noted in its hard-hitting coverage of crime in the Republic of Ireland compared to other papers. It has been to the forefront of exposing the emergence and growth of organised crime in Ireland throughout the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s.
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In the wake of the Black Saturday bushfires, in which 173 died, Nalliah claimed he had received "prophetic dreams" on 21 October 2008 that these bushfires were a "consequence" of Victoria's decriminalisation of abortion in 2008,Pastor's abortion dream inflames bushfire tragedy, The Age, 11 February 2009Ainsley Symons (2014), 'Anti- Abortion Campaigning and the Political Process.' in Recorder (Melbourne Branch, Australian Society for the Study of Labour History), No. 279, March, pp. 2 prompting criticism from a former Australian Treasurer, Peter Costello, that Nalliah's assertion was "beyond the bounds of decency".
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LGBT groups saw an important landmark moment in 1979 with the decriminalisation of homosexuality. During the 1980s, several LGBT groups and magazines were launched in various cities. The Federación Estatal de Lesbianas, Gays, Transexuales y Bisexuales (FELGTB), today Spain's largest LGBT organization, was founded in 1992 from members of the then-former COFLHEE. The groups campaign for legal rights for same-sex couples and LGBT people, societal acceptance, operate counseling centers about topics such as coming out, sex, relationships or health issues, and organize various events and festivals.
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The UK-based International Union of Sex Workers (IUSW), part of GMB Trade Union, campaigns for the labour rights of those who work in the sex industry. In 2010, in response to the Bradford murders of three prostitutes, the new Conservative prime minister David Cameron said that the decriminalisation of prostitution should be "looked at again". He also called for tougher action on kerb-crawling and drug abuse. The Association of Chief Police Officers suggested that designated red- light zones and decriminalised brothels might help to improve prostitutes' safety.
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Pitt-Rivers and Lord Montagu denied the charges and denied also that they were homosexual.. After an eight-day trial held at the Winchester Assizes, on 24 March 1954, Pitt-Rivers and Wildeblood were sentenced to 18 months and Lord Montagu to 12 months in prison as a result of these and other charges. Their case led eventually to the Wolfenden Report, which in 1957 recommended the decriminalisation of homosexuality in the United Kingdom. It took ten years for this to come to pass, with the Sexual Offences Act 1967.
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Shortly before the 2004 election, the Herald Sun published an article entitled "Greens back illegal drugs" (Herald Sun, 31 August 2004) written by Gerard McManus which made a number of claims about the Australian Greens based on their harm minimisation and decriminalisation policies posted on their website at the time. The Greens complained to the Australian Press Council. The text of their adjudication reads: > In the context of an approaching election, the potential damage was > considerable. The actual electoral impact cannot be known but readers were > seriously misled.
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Stephen Harper Various government committees and task forces have made many recommendations, very few of which have been implemented. The most recent was the 2006 report of the parliamentary subcommittee on solicitation which split on ideological party lines, with recommendations for decriminalisation from the majority opposition parties, and for eradication by the minority government members. The former majority Conservative government supported the prohibition of prostitution. Responding to the 2006 report, Prime Minister Stephen Harper stated "In terms of legalization of prostitution I can just tell you that obviously that's something that this government doesn't favour".
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The Christian Democratic Party exists to support Christian representation in every level of government – federal, state and local – and to promote "ethical values based on...Christian values". The party is supportive of family values (including traditional marriage), freedom of speech, protective of children and their rights including those of unborn children, and policies that are protective of established Australian values and systems, inclusive of a requirement that immigrants to Australia demonstrate a desire to learn English. They are opposed to both abortion and euthanasia as well as pornography, drug decriminalisation and sharia law.
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A number of prominent groups have called for the legalization or decriminalization of prostitution. In 2008, the Legal Assistance Centre, a Windhoek-based non-profit human rights organisation, called for the decriminalization of prostitution as a means of cutting the country's high HIV-AIDS rate as well as a means for maintaining the human rights of the prostitute themselves. Rights not Rescue, a sex workers organisation is amongst those calling for decriminalisation. Many groups in Namibia actively oppose legalization and instead focus on providing skills to former sex workers.
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Decriminalisation of Euthanasia in Australia is supported by the Science Party, Australian Greens, the Secular Party of Australia, the Reason Party, and the Liberal Democratic Party. In 2009 Shirley Justins and Caren Jennings, were found guilty of manslaughter and accessory to manslaughter respectively for providing Nembutal to former pilot Graeme Wylie in 2006. Justins stated that Wylie wanted to die "with dignity". The prosecution argued that Graeme Wylie did not have the mental capacity to make the crucial decision to end his life, classing it as involuntary euthanasia.
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Belfast Pride 2013 Belfast Pride is a significant LGBT event in Northern Ireland, growing from 50 participants singing gay anthems at its first parade or "dander" in 1991 to over 6,500 participants with 12 carnival floats in 2006. An organiser noted that it had taken eight years since the decriminalisation of male homosexuality before such a march could be organised at all. The pride parade was noted for its ability to at least temporarily unite historically divided communities - Unionist and Nationalist, Protestant and Catholic. Overall, Belfast has little gay space.
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The 1981 ECHR decision led the United Kingdom Parliament to extend the 1967 decriminalisation of male homosexual acts to Northern Ireland the following year with an Order in Council, the Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982, which came into force on 8 December 1982. Anti-LGBT provisions of the criminal law were removed completely throughout Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom in the Sexual Offences Act 2003, with section 9 abolishing the discriminatory offences of buggery and gross indecency. Private gay sex between more than two people was legalised, but cottaging remains illegal.
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Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) dating back to 1861, made homosexual sex punishable by law and carried a life sentence. In 2009, the High Court of Delhi found the law unconstitutional, effectively invalidating the ban. Four years later, on 11 December 2013, the Supreme Court reversed the lower court's decision, restoring the statute while leaving it to the Lok Sabha to amend the law. Since re-criminalisation, several politicians, including former External Affairs Minister Shashi Tharoor and Bharatiya Janata Party Finance Minister Arun Jaitley opined in favour of legal decriminalisation.
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Fianna Fáil poster in support of the Thirty-Fourth Amendment Following the decriminalisation of "buggery" in 1993, gay rights was not a high-profile issue in Ireland. From 2001 however, Irish media increasingly covered international developments in the same-sex partnerships issue. This has included coverage of reports on the issue, legal cases taken by Irish same-sex couples, surrogate parenthood, adoption, extra- legal same-sex unions, blessings and the foreign partnerships of Irish politicians. There was extensive coverage of the 2005 introduction of civil partnerships by the British Government, which applies to Northern Ireland.
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It was listed as one of Ten Conservative Books to read in the chapter of that name in The Politics of Prudence by Russell Kirk. The 1957 Wolfenden report recommended the decriminalisation of homosexuality and this sparked off the Hart-Devlin debate on the relationship between politics and morals. Lord Devlin's 1959 critique of the Wolfenden report (titled 'The Enforcement of Morals') resembled Stephen's arguments, although Devlin had arrived at his opinions independently, having never read Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.John Heydon, 'Reflections on James Fitzjames Stephen', University of Queensland Law Journal, 29, no.
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Each of the states and territories introduced their own anti-discrimination laws to protect LGBTI people from discrimination before the Commonwealth did so in 2013. The first anti- discrimination protections were enacted in New South Wales by the Wran Government in 1982, two years before the decriminalisation of homosexuality in that state. All have religious exemptions, although discrimination by religious schools against LGBT students is not permitted in Queensland, the Northern Territory or Tasmania. South Australia requires a religious school discriminating against LGBT students to set out its position in a written policy.
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McCarthy stated that her views had "evolved" since her RUAP candidacy in the 2019 federal election. Incumbent MLA Jeff Collins, who joined the Alliance in March 2020, was originally a member of the ALP and is a "vocal advocate of progressive issues such as drug decriminalisation". He has stated that the "left/right ideological dichotomy [...] has not produced good government for us" and that more conservative members of the party "still are people I can have conversations with". The Alliance preferenced the Greens ahead of the ALP and CLP at the 2020 Johnston by-election.
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The International Committee for Prostitutes' Rights (ICPR) emerged from the prostitutes' rights movement starting in the mid-1970s. The ICPR adopted the World Charter for Prostitutes' Rights in 1985 in response to feminist arguments that all prostitution is forced prostitution. The Charter calls for the decriminalisation of "all aspects of adult prostitution resulting from individual decision". The Charter also states that prostitutes should be guaranteed "all human rights and civil liberties, including the freedom of speech, travel, immigration, work, marriage, and motherhood and the right to unemployment insurance, health insurance and housing".
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From June to August 2001, he co presented with Gabrielle Richens a game show, The Desert Forges, on Channel 5. In April 2007, Fairbrass was reported to be planning to run for Mayor of London in the 2008 Election. Shortly after, during a gay rights rally in Red Square, Moscow, on 27 May 2007, commemorating the 14th anniversary of the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Russia, Richard and Fred Fairbrass were assaulted by members of a counter demonstration staged by ultra-nationalists. Richard Fairbrass sustained a cut under his eye.
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Momentum advocates for the replacement of the present Hungarian political elite, including the government of Viktor Orbán, with a "new breed of political community in Hungary." The party is generally pro-European, pro-globalization, and anti-Putin, claiming that Hungary does not need to sacrifice its own interests in order to fulfil its commitments to the European Union. The party's social views are largely progressive in nature; it supports gay marriage, the decriminalisation of cannabis, and abortion rights. Momentum nonetheless calls itself a centrist party, and rejects classification on either side of the political spectrum.
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Opponents raised accusations that the ordinance was intended for decriminalisation of government corruption, and to help hundreds of current and former politicians to escape ongoing criminal investigations or prison sentences. Over the span of a few days, the protests had become the largest since the Romanian Revolution of 1989, with the number of protesters on the streets of Bucharest peaking to 600,000 on 5 February 2017. This prompted Grindeanu and his government to repeal the ordinance, and the Minister of Justice, Florin Iordache resigned on 9 February 2017.
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USR Tineret is the first youth organisation of a Romanian political party to openly support the decriminalisation of cannabis. The organisation was openly critical of a bill project by USR MP Lavinia Cosma, meant to impose harsher punishments for cannabis trafficking. In November 2019, the organisation's Facebook page posted a viral meme comparing King Michael of Romania to manele singer Florin Salam in a tongue-in-cheek manner, in the context of Timișoara mayor Nicolae Robu banning the manele genre in the city's public areas. The meme was harshly criticised by Romanian conservatives and monarchists affiliated with the National Liberal Party.
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Healy, C., Bennachie, C., & Reed, A., (2010) History of the New Zealand Prostitutes Collective; in Abel, G., Fitzgerald, L., & Healy, C., (Eds) Taking the crime out of sex work: New Zealand sex workers' fight for decriminalisation, Bristol: Policy Press It has been credited with controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS in New Zealand. It played an active role in the New Zealand Labour Party-led Helen Clark administration passing the Prostitution Reform Act 2003, which decriminalised most forms of adult prostitution in New Zealand, despite opposition from the Maxim Institute and other New Zealand Christian Right organisations of the time.
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The book includes the results of interviews with over 700 sex workers, and concludes that the decriminalisation has had positive effects for the prostitutes' safety and health. In its 2008 "Report of the Prostitution Law Review Committee on the Operation of the Prostitution Reform Act 2003", the committee provided further information on many of the cases and background of sex work in New Zealand. The Report also addressed issues raised by ECPAT New Zealand and the Stop Demand Foundation, and the claims made by those supporting the Manukau City Council (Control of Street Prostitution) Bill 2005.
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The proposal was opposed by the Family First Party that had ten per cent of the votes in the Legislative Council, where Robert Brokenshire now opposed decriminalisation. However Police Commissioner, Mal Hyde, stated that the laws need to change. After considerable discussion and some compromises the Sex Work Reform Bill was introduced in May 2012, but was defeated by one vote, 20 to 19 in a conscience vote on second reading in November 2012. Status of Women Minister Gail Gago introduced a similar bill in the Legislative Council, but withdrew it following the defeat of Stephanie Key's Bill.
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Hitchens has written about the enforcement of drug laws, most notably in his book The War We Never Fought (2012). He advocates harsher penalties properly enforced for possession and illegal use of cannabis, stating that "cannabis has been mis-sold as a soft and harmless substance when in fact it's potentially extremely dangerous." He is opposed to the decriminalisation of recreational drugs in general. In 2012, Hitchens gave evidence to the Parliamentary Home Affairs Select Committee as part of its inquiry into drugs policy, and called for the British government to introduce a more hard-line policy on drugs.
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In response to the 1995 Federal-Provincial-Territorial Working Group on Prostitution report "Dealing with Prostitution in Canada," Toronto's Board of Health advocated decriminalisation in 1995, with the City taking the responsibility of regulating the industry. The City then endorsed these proposals, further specifying that it involved only adult prostitution, supporting the federal report's proposals on juveniles. Toronto also enacted a bylaw to restrict intimate erotic lap dancing in August 1995 to prohibit physical contact, including touching, between patrons and attendants, with a maximum fine of $50,000, and revocation of licences. Adult entertainment parlours were unsuccessful in having this quashed by the courts.
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Women campaigning for the decriminalisation of abortion in 2011 In the middle of the Second Wave, there was hope by activists that gains would be made in the area of contraception and a woman's right to her own body choices. President Luis Echeverría had convened the Interdisciplinary Group for the Study of Abortion, which included anthropologists, attorneys, clergy (Catholic, Jewish and Protestant), demographers, economists, philosophers, physicians, and psychologists. Their findings, in a report issued in 1976, were that criminality of voluntary abortion should cease and that abortion services should be included in the government health package. The recommendations were neither published or implemented.
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Same-sex sexual activity was decriminalised in 1993. This was the result of a campaign by Senator David Norris and the Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform which led to a ruling in 1988 that Irish laws prohibiting male homosexual activities were in contravention of the European Convention on Human Rights. The Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform was founded in the 1970s to fight for the decriminalisation of male homosexuality, its founding members including Senator Norris and future Presidents of Ireland Mary McAleese and Mary Robinson. Prior to 1993, certain laws dating from the nineteenth century rendered male homosexual acts illegal.
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Following decriminalisation, social and political attitudes in the state rapidly shifted in favour of LGBT rights ahead of national trends with strong anti-LGBT discrimination laws passed in 1999, and the first state relationship registration scheme to include same-sex couples introduced in 2003. Same-sex marriage has been legal in the state since December 2017, after passage of the Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017 in the Australian Parliament. The 2017 Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey, designed to gauge public support for same-sex marriage in Australia, returned a 63.6% "Yes" response in Tasmania.
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The film written by Kevin Elyot and directed by Adrian Shergold portrays to some detail the victim Jody Dobrowski. In the script to the film however, the Clapham Common's victim's name was changed to Alfie Cartwright, a waiter. The role was played by actor David Leon. The film was shown for the first time on 22 July 2007, on Channel 4, almost two years after the murder, to mark the 40th anniversary of decriminalisation of homosexuality in England and Wales, and was meant to be a film against violence against gay people and hate crimes based on sexual orientation.
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The English Collective of Prostitutes (ECP) is a campaigning group which supports the decriminalisation of prostitution, sex workers' right to recognition and safety, and the provision of financial alternatives to prostitution so that no one is forced into prostitution by poverty. The group works against the social stigma that is associated with prostitution, and the poverty that is sometimes its cause. It provides information, help, and support to individual prostitute women and others who are concerned with sex workers' rights, civil, legal, and economic rights. The organisation was founded in 1975, and its first spokeswoman was Selma James.
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After coming out at an early age, Watson became involved in early movements to establish Gay advocacy groups pushing for decriminalisation in New South Wales, spurred on after the Sexual Offences Act 1967 decriminalised homosexual acts in England and Wales. Watson was in Canberra three years later when the ACT Homosexual Law Reform Society was formed, which he immediately joined. However, much closer to home Watson was much more heavily involved in the establishment of the Campaign Against Moral Persecution (CAMP), which was Australia's first openly homosexual group, formed in September 1970. In early 1972, Watson became Co- President with Sue Wills.
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At the same time a number of movements arose either advocating the eradication of sex work as exploitation, or for better protection of workers and decriminalisation based on human rights. A 1983 committee recommended both stronger sanctions to deal with the visible spectrum of sex work, but also wider reforms. In 1983 the law was made technically gender neutral and provisions for prosecuting communication were widened in 1985, while special provisions for minors were enacted in 1988. None of this abated debate and currently the laws are under challenge in two cases based on the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
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While editing The Independent on Sunday in 1997, she campaigned for the decriminalisation of cannabis use by individuals,News briefs: British Newspaper, the Independent on Sunday, Calls for Marijuana Decriminalization earning her the nickname "Rizla Rosie".BBC News: Boycott's climb to the top She addressed the Decriminalise Cannabis rally in London's Trafalgar Square on 28 March 1998. Later, she edited the Daily Express (May 1998 – January 2001), leaving soon after the newspaper was bought by Richard Desmond, who replaced her with Chris Williams. Boycott is currently the travel editor for The Oldie magazine and hosts The Oldie Travel Awards each year.
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In 2007, UK's Channel 4 released Clapham Junction, a TV drama partially based on the murder. The film, written by Kevin Elyot and directed by Adrian Shergold, was shown for the first time on 22 July 2007, on Channel 4, with David Leon as Cartwright, almost two years after the murder. It was screened to mark the 40th anniversary of decriminalisation of homosexuality in England and Wales, and was interpreted as against violence against gays and hate crimes based on sexual orientation. It was shown a second time on More4, just a few days later, on 30 July 2007.
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Yannakoudakis worked to support efforts to find people who went missing during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus and Cypriot intercommunal violence. She was a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights.James Ledward, Tory MEP joins European Intergroup on LGBT rights, GScene, 24 July 2012 She has campaigned for the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Northern Cyprus. She met and received assurances from Turkish Cypriot leader Dr. Derviş Eroğlu that he would sign a repeal of the gay ban into law and by putting pressure on the authorities in the north she was instrumental in overturning the anti-gay law.
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Lynch perished in the fire together with her elderly mother and aunt. Madden denounced Culen and began writing the book during the ensuing trial, at which Cullen received eighteen years imprisonment. At around this time a group of street sex workers brought a successful supreme court challenge to the constitutionality of Victorian laws that required a defendant to first be identified as a common prostitute through the citing of previous convictions before conviction was possible. This successful challenge created a situation of effective decriminalisation, that also offered the women the same access to the protection of the law as anyone else.
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The open letter demanded that "In the name of humanity and of our Constitution, this cruel and discriminatory law should be struck down." On 30 June 2008, Indian Labour Minister Oscar Fernandes backed calls for decriminalisation of consensual gay sex, and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh called for greater tolerance towards homosexuals. On 23 July 2008, Bombay High Court Judge Bilal Nazki said that India's unnatural sex law should be reviewed. The Law Commission of India had historically favoured the retention of this section in its 42nd and 156th report, but in its 172nd report, delivered in 2000, it recommended its repeal.
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In 1984, while McCartney was on holiday in Barbados, authorities arrested him for possession of marijuana and fined him $200. Upon his return to England, he stated: "cannabis is ... less harmful than rum punch, whiskey, nicotine and glue, all of which are perfectly legal ... I don't think ... I was doing anyone any harm whatsoever." In 1997, he spoke out in support of decriminalisation of the drug: "People are smoking pot anyway and to make them criminals is wrong." He did, however, decide to quit cannabis in 2015, citing a desire to set a good example for his grandchildren.
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Then Health Minister at the time Brian Austin sought to relax some of the state morality laws, such as the ban on condom vending machines, but was overruled by the Cabinet. Instead the Bjelke-Petersen Government used the fear caused by HIV/AIDS infection of the blood supply to increase homophobic sentiment and demonise LGBT people further. The first major public demonstration in favour of decriminalisation occurred on 31 August 1989, when several hundred people demonstrated outside Parliament House in Brisbane. The protests arose after five men from Roma were charged with a variety of anti- homosexuality offences.
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On the other hand, he spoke out strongly against the influence of the drink industry and defied his own party whip to vote with his left-wing friend Tony Gregory in favour of banning of hare-coursing. He was also on good personal terms with members of the Oireachtas such as Michael D. Higgins and David Norris despite holding fundamentally opposed views to them. He did not contest the 2002 general election and retired from politics. In 1993, he was the only TD to oppose the decriminalisation of homosexuality and said in the Dail that: McGahon lived in Ravensdale, County Louth.
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Antic was elected to the Senate at the 2019 federal election, taking office on 1 July 2019. In the Liberal preselection process he out-polled sitting senator Lucy Gichuhi, a fellow member of the party's conservative faction. In his maiden speech in September 2019 Antic spoke of his support for the development of an Australian nuclear power industry. In November 2019 he opposed moves to decriminalise prostitution in South Australia, stating that sex workers were being exploited and that it was hypocritical to support decriminalisation while opposing the use of grid girls at the Australian Grand Prix.
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She appealed directly to Governor MacLehose, who also supported gay rights, but he echoed the same sentiment that the community would oppose decriminalisation. In September 1979 she appealed to Sir Yuet-keung Kan, but he and others continued to block reform. Homosexuality was eventually decriminalised in Hong Kong in 1991, although there are still no laws against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. In January 1980, John MacLennan, a police inspector, was found shot five times in the chest and body in his locked flat on the day he was to have been arrested on homosexual charges.
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As IREX notes, "a journalist can be prosecuted even if reporting only verified facts if the judge thinks that the published facts are not 'in the public interest'". The OSCE Media Freedom Representative Dunja Mijatovic qualified the Croatian legal definitions of “insult” and “shaming” as "vague, open to individual interpretation and, thus, prone to arbitrary application", calling for decriminalisation by stating that “Free speech should not be subject to criminal charges of any kind”.OSCE RFoM, 2014 Access to information in Croatia is well-defined right, though limited by a proportionality and public interest tests. An independent information commissioner monitors its compliance.
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Margaret Sparrow, President of ALRANZ (1975–1980, 1984–2011) The main abortion rights lobby group is Abortion Law Reform Association of New Zealand (ALRANZ), which favours the complete decriminalisation of abortion in New Zealand. During the 1990s and early 2000s, ALRANZ experienced a steep decline in membership, with ALRANZ's Christchurch and Hawke's Bay branches shutting down in 1996 and 2004. By 2011, ALRANZ's membership had dwindled to around 235 members. Contemporary abortion rights activism has focused on defending the status quo from anti-abortionists and lobbying for the legalisation of Mifepristone for use in medical abortions.
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This Act was effectively superseded in England and Wales by the Sexual Offences Act 2003 which repealed most of its provisions as they applied to England and Wales. The new Act which consolidated most previous sexual offences legislation maintained the decriminalisation that had been achieved in this Act. This fact became significant in the wake of passage of the Hunting Act 2004 which was also passed using the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949. The passage of that Act was challenged in the case of R (Jackson) v Attorney General on the basis that the Parliament Act 1949 itself had been unlawfully passed.
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Topics covered included changes to divorce law, the death penalty, the legalisation of abortion, the Race Relations Bill, the partial decriminalisation of homosexual acts (using editions of the documentary series Man Alive) and the relaxation of censorship. Permissive Night concluded with a special one-off edition of Late Night Line-Up which discussed the themes raised in the programmes over the course of the evening. In 2009, she won "Journalist of the Year" at the annual Stonewall Awards. In 2017, Bakewell was one of the minor hosts of the Channel 5 documentary series Secrets of the National Trust.
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The area was expanded in the 1980s when land to the east of Hurst Street was cleared for the building of the Arcadian Centre, with the only surviving building being that of the Missing Bar. The Gay Village finally took its form in the 1990s after the number of venues increased and gave the area more of a boundary, while the increasing number of bars resulted from an increasing number of customers and amount of diversity offered. The starting point for unhindered growth of the gay village was the partial decriminalisation of gay sex between males with the Sexual Offences Act 1967.
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Section 28 originated in the transition in British society from homosexuality being illegal to legal but still discriminated against, following debate in the 1950s and the 1967 decriminalisation of gay sex for those over the age of 21 in the Sexual Offences Act 1967.Sexual Offences Act 1967 (c.60), 1 November 2009 The 1980s was the era in which HIV/AIDS was first reported. The first recorded victims of the disease were a group of gay men, and the disease became associated in the media, and at first in medical circles, with gay and bisexual men in particular.
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At the 2006 Victorian election Kavanagh stood as the DLP's lead candidate in the newly formed Western Victoria Region, which elects five members via proportional representation. Despite winning only 2.5% of the vote, Kavanagh was able to win the final seat due to receiving preferences from both of the major parties. Peter Kavanagh maintained he was attempting to use his share of the balance of power constructively, in particular encouraging the Government and Opposition to work towards and achieve agreement on some legislation. Kavanagh led opposition within the Parliament to the decriminalisation of abortion under the Crimes Act in Victoria.
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In 1983, the then-Minister of Justice, Mark MacGuigan, appointed Fraser to chair a committee of inquiry into pornography and prostitution in Canada, along with six other committee members drawn for their range of expertise in the social and criminal issues relating to prostitution."Pornography and Prostitution in Canada - Report of the Special Committee on Pornography and Prostitution - Summary", Department of Justice Canada, 1985. In the Fraser Committee Report, they stated that prostitution was not simply a matter of criminal law, but a complex social problem. They considered changes to the law from three perspectives: increased criminal sanctions; decriminalisation; and government regulation.
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The education system, although free and universal, was highly competitive and reliant on additional private tutoring; this resulted in widening economic inequalities by limiting access to higher education for poorer, often Creole, Mauritians. In the 1990s this phenomenon of exclusion became known as Malaise Créole. The popular Mauritian Creole seggae musician Joseph Topize (Kaya) was arrested on 18 February 1999 for smoking marijuana at a rally for its decriminalisation which had been organised by Rama Valayden at Edward VII Square, Rose-Hill. Kaya was a vocal proponent of Creole rights and was viewed as an important voice of the Creole community.
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Kusum Ingots v. Union of India, (2004) 6 SCC 254: "An order passed on a writ petition questioning the constitutionality of a Parliamentary Act, whether interim or final, keeping in view the provisions contained in Clause (2) of Article 226 of the Constitution of India, will have effect throughout the territory of India subject of course to the applicability of the Act." There have been incidents of harassment of LGBT groups by authorities under the law. On 23 February 2012, the Ministry of Home Affairs expressed its opposition to the decriminalisation of homosexual activity, stating that in India, homosexuality is seen as being immoral.
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James is the first spokeswoman of the English Collective of Prostitutes, which campaigns for decriminalisation as well as viable economic alternatives to prostitution. The 1983 publication of James's Marx and Feminism broke with established Marxist theory by providing a reading of Marx's Capital from the point of view of women and of unwaged work. Beginning in 1985, she co-ordinated the International Women Count Network, which won the UN decision where governments agreed to measure and value unwaged work in national statistics. Legislation on this has since been introduced in Trinidad & Tobago and Spain, and time-use surveys and other research are under way in many countries.
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Following the decriminalisation of abortion, SPUC mounted various campaigns to ensure that healthcare providers adhered to the Contraception, Sterilisation and Abortion Act. SPUC leader Pryor was critical of the Sisters Overseas Service (SOS), regarding it as an attempt to circumvent New Zealand's abortion legislation. SPUC also vetted candidates for the Abortion Supervisory Committee, objecting to certifying consultants which it deemed to be pro-abortion while seeking the appointment of pro-life doctors. In 1980, SPUC successfully secured the removal of two members of the Abortion Supervisory Committee (ASC) by arguing that they had been promoting abortion by encouraging hospital boards to establish abortion services.
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McAlpine's obituary in The Daily Telegraph described him as "...probably the most successful fundraiser the party ever had; yet by nature a dilettante, he did not become a significant political figure" and "...never really "into" politics. At heart he was an 18th-century amateur..." McAlpine's personal political views were varied and included Euroscepticism, support for electric cars and the decriminalisation of all drugs. McAlpine was nominated to the Arts Council of Great Britain in 1980, despite protests at a perceived lack of experience in the field and his opposition to public subsidisation of the arts. He served on the Council from 1981 to 1982.
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8A stipulates that; (1) A person in a public street shall not, near a dwelling, school, church or hospital, solicit another person for the purpose of prostitution ... (2) A person shall not, in a school, church or hospital, solicit another person for the purpose of prostitution. This resulted in Darlinghurst street workers relocating. Further decriminalisation of premises followed with the implementation of recommendations from the Select Committee of the Legislative Assembly Upon Prostitution (1983–86). Although the committee had recommended relaxing the soliciting laws, the new Greiner Liberal government tightened these provisions further in 1988 through the Summary Offences Act in response to community pressure.
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In addition, The Independent has highlighted what it refers to as war crimes being committed by pro-government forces in the Darfur region of Sudan. The paper has been a strong supporter of electoral reform. The paper has also taken strong positions on environmental issues, campaigned against the introduction of ID cards, and campaigned against the restriction of mass immigration to the UK. In 1997, The Independent on Sunday launched a campaign for the decriminalisation of cannabis. Ten years later, it reversed itself, arguing that skunk, the cannabis strain "smoked by the majority of young Britons" in 2007, had become "25 times stronger than resin sold a decade ago".
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The society campaigned for the decriminalisation of homosexual acts in private by consenting adults, a reform which was voted through Parliament nine years later. In 1962, he spoke twice in the House of Lords against the British government's application for the UK to join the European Economic Community ("Common Market"). In his second speech delivered in November, Attlee claimed that Britain had a separate parliamentary tradition from the Continental countries that composed the EEC. He also claimed that if Britain was a member, EEC rules would prevent the British government from planning the economy and that Britain's traditional policy had been outward looking rather than Continental.
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It said: > "The long term consumption of cannabis in moderate doses has no harmful > effects (…) Cannabis is less dangerous than the opiates, amphetamines and > barbiturates, and also less dangerous than alcohol. (…) An increasing number > of people, mainly young, in all classes of society are experimenting with > this drug, and substantial numbers use it regularly for social pleasure. > There is no evidence that this activity is causing violent crime, or is > producing in otherwise normal people conditions of dependence or psychosis > requiring medical treatment (…) there are indications that (cannabis) may > become a functional equivalent of alcohol." The Advisory Committee appeared also to accept the principle of decriminalisation.
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2 edited by Ian Young alone and others by Winston Leyland producer of the excellent gay lib periodical Gay Sunshine, which included poetry); this has mainly been the result of the increasing decriminalisation of gay sex in the Anglo world (male homosexual acts were decriminalized in France in the late 18th century and in Italy in the late 19th). Notable United States gay poets include Dennis Cooper, Gavin Dillard, John Gill, Dennis Kelly, Tom Meyer, Paul Monette, Harold Norse and Jonathan Williams. Rob Jacques has written about the relationship between love and violence in the military. Jamse S. Holmes was a leather poet who emigrated to Amsterdam.
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As Home Secretary in Tony Blair's Labour government, David Blunkett announced in 2001 that cannabis would be transferred from class B of the Act to class C, resulting in a penalty of up to 2 years in prison for possession. The penalty for possession would be up to 5 years in prison if it is decided that there was an intent to supply. Reclassification had the support of a plurality of the public, with surveys at the time finding that 49% of British adults supported cannabis decriminalisation, 36% were against, and 15% were undecided. The transfer eventually happened in January 2004, after class C penalties for distribution had been stiffened.
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Like in the 1950s, SocSoc continued to play a prominent role in NALSO, hosting a NALSO conference in Ferens Hall at Hull in 1962 and having some of its members elected to executive positions in NALSO, such as Colin Livett as Vice-Chair. Furthermore, in the 1962 NALSO conference, SocSoc students Colin Livett and Hedley Taylor moved perhaps the first ever NALSO motion on the decriminalisation of homosexuality. Speakers hosted by SocSoc included a range of New Left figures, often thanks to the links of John Saville, to speak to the Society. Hugh Gaitskell, then Labour leader, also spoke to the club during a tour of Hull in 1962.
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In 1957, the committee published the Wolfenden report, which recommended the decriminalisation of homosexual activity between men above the age of 21. The position was summarised by the committee as follows: "unless a deliberate attempt be made by society through the agency of the law to equate the sphere of crime with that of sin, there must remain a realm of private that is in brief, not the law's business." However, the government of Harold Macmillan did not act upon its recommendations, due to fears of public backlash. In 1965, several politicians sponsored a Sexual Offences Bill, a private member's bill which drew heavily upon the findings of the Wolfenden report.
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In 1979, the Home Office Policy Advisory Committee's Working Party report Age of Consent in relation to Sexual Offences recommended that the age of consent for homosexual acts should be 18. This was rejected at the time, in part due to fears that further decriminalisation would serve only to encourage younger men to experiment sexually with other men, a choice that some at the time claimed would place such an individual outside of wider society. The law was extended to Scotland in the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980, which took effect on 1 February 1981. As a result of the 1981 European Court of Human Rights case Dudgeon v.
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In the late 1980s, Premier Robin Gray stated that homosexuals were unwelcome in Tasmania and police recorded the vehicle registration plates of people attending gay community meetings. A gay rights stall set up in Salamanca Market in 1988 was repeatedly shut down by the Hobart City Council with over 120 people arrested by police. By the early 1990s, the state had the harshest penalty for gay sex in the Western world at 21 years imprisonment. During the 1980s and early 1990s, six attempts at decriminalisation were emphatically rejected by the Tasmanian Legislative Council, with politician Robert Archer calling for homosexuals to be "tracked down and wiped out" by police.
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In December 2015, the Tasmanian Liberal Government announced it would introduce legislation in the Tasmanian Parliament which would expunge historic criminal records for consensual homosexual sexual activity. This announcement followed a report released by the Tasmanian Anti-Discrimination Commissioner in April 2015 which recommended the establishment of such a scheme and how it should be modelled. Individuals charged with offences pertaining to homosexual sexual conduct prior to its decriminalisation in 1997 will be able to submit an application with the state's Secretary of the Department of Justice to have such charges removed from their criminal records. A draft bill was released by the Department of Justice in June 2016.
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Vehicle clamping Vehicle removal Decriminalised parking enforcement (DPE) is the name given in the United Kingdom to the civil enforcement of car parking regulations, carried out by civil enforcement officers, operating on behalf of a local authority. The Road Traffic Act 1991 (c. 40) provided for the decriminalisation of parking-related contraventions committed within controlled parking zones (CPZ) administered by local councils across the UK. The CPZs under the control of the local councils are also referred to as yellow routes and they can be easily identified with yellow lines marked on the roads with relevant time plates. Councils employ parking attendants to enforce their CPZs directly.
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The origin of the LGBT Foundation was in the Manchester Lesbian and Gay Switchboard Services (MLGSS), which began 44 years ago on 2 January 1975 when six gay men got together to provide an information and support service for the growing number of gay men coming out following the decriminalisation of homosexuality in 1967. The line ran from 7 to 9pm each evening with calls being taken about a wide range of issues. Over the decades, the services broadened out to include counselling, group work and email support. In April 2000, MLGSS unified with Healthy Gay Manchester (HGM) to form the Lesbian & Gay Foundation, (The LGF).Attitude.co.
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Since the mid-1970s, sex workers across the world have organised, demanding the decriminalisation of prostitution, equal protection under the law, improved working conditions, the right to pay taxes, travel and receive social benefits such as pensions. As a result of such views on prostitution, countries such as Germany, the Netherlands and New Zealand have fully legalized prostitution. Prostitution is considered a job like any other. In its understanding of the distinction between sex work and forced prostitution, the Open Society Foundations organization states: "sex work is done by consenting adults, where the act of selling or buying sexual services is not a violation of human rights".
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SWAI (Sex Workers Alliance Ireland), is an advocacy group for sex workers in Ireland. It was formed in 2009 by an alliance of individuals and groups to promote the social inclusion, health, safety, civil rights, and the right to self-determination of sex workers. SWAI actively advocates for the decriminalisation of sex work in Ireland and believes sex workers in Ireland should be free to work in safety without fear, judgment or stigma.Sex Workers Alliance Ireland "Sex workers must not be viewed as victims, says group", Irish Times, 11 November 2009 Ugly Mugs Ireland is a safety scheme for sex workers established in 2009.
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"Glad to Be Gay" is built around four verses criticising British society's attitudes towards gay people. In the first verse, it criticises the British police for raiding gay pubs for no reason at all after the decriminalisation of homosexuality by the 1967 Sexual Offences Act. In the second verse, it points to the hypocrisy of Gay News being prosecuted for obscenity instead of porn magazines like magazines Playboy or the tabloid The Sun which published photographs of topless girls on Page 3. It also criticises the way homosexual people are portrayed in other parts of the press, especially in conservative newspapers Telegraph, People and Sunday Express.
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At a 1998 meeting, TRP began organising their first public legal-reform campaign to address the decriminalisation of sodomy; according to the organisation, the law against sodomy was "inherited from the colonial regime". LGBT activists from South Africa's National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality (NCGLE) collaborated with TRP to develop a plan for the campaign in light of Namibia's volatile political climate regarding LGBT-identified people. TRP was also consulted by Namibia's Legal Assistance Centre on how best to proceed with their campaign. The LAC, initially on behalf of TRP, worked to clarify the Namibian prosecutor's interpretation and enforcement of anti-sodomy laws.
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In April 2007, Amnesty International changed its neutral stance on abortion to supporting access to abortion in cases of rape and incest, and when the life or the health of the mother might be threatened. Amnesty's official policy is that they "do not promote abortion as a universal right" but "support the decriminalisation of abortion". According to deputy secretary general Kate Gilmore, the debate over the change was difficult, but eventually the overwhelming majority of national Amnesty chapters supported the change. The change was opposed by several organizations, notably by senior figures in the Catholic Church, traditionally a strong supporter of Amnesty International, and a group of US legislators.
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However, Kilmuir chaired the cabinet committee that recommended limiting the death penalty's scope and which led to the Homicide Act 1957. He feared the consequences of immigration to the United Kingdom and presented a report to the cabinet in 1956. Lord Kilmuir contended that the military intervention in the 1956 Suez Crisis was justified under the self- defence provisions of Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. A conservative on the death penalty, Kilmuir was likewise conservative on the issue of homosexual rights, and led the opposition in the House of Lords to the implementation of the Wolfenden Committee report, which had recommended the decriminalisation of homosexual acts between consenting adults.
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She thought that sometimes it was wrong for members of her party to stop listening to what he was saying, and that the "real bogeymen are in the Labour Party" who do not improve the conditions for people in the multi-racial inner-cities.Parris & Maguire, p. 238 In February 1977, she expressed regret for her comments to her constituency party, withdrew any suggestion she supported Powell's opinions, and affirmed her support for a multi-racial society. In 1979, she introduced the Protection of Prostitutes Bill into the House of Commons, turning up with 50 prostitutes in order to campaign for the decriminalisation of prostitution.
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The prosecutor's question, "Would you want your wife or servants to read this book?" highlighted how far society had changed, and how little some people had noticed. The book was seen as one of the first events in a general relaxation of sexual attitudes. The national media, based in London with its more permissive social norms, led in explaining and exploring the new permissiveness.Frank Mort, Capital affairs: London and the making of the permissive society (Yale UP, 2010) online review . Other elements of the sexual revolution included the development of the contraceptive pill, Mary Quant's miniskirt and the partial decriminalisation of male homosexuality in 1967.
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Hood has also rejected legislation to permit the cloning of human embryos, on the basis new technology could create embryonic stem cells without using human embryos and eggs, thereby making the legislation unnecessary. Hood has opposed the decriminalisation of prostitution. which he states is consistent with his Christian feminist position. Hood has also suggested plain-packaged DVD's for content that is restricted by law. Despite being lampooned by the Chaser's War on Everything, in that it is necessary to have sexual intercourse to have families,The Chaser's War on Everything, Season 2 Episode 22, 31 October 2007 Hood denies he has spoken with the Australian Sex Party for a preference deal.
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In 1967, the series issued a two-part special report called "Consenting Adults" on the issue of male and female homosexuality, the opinion of society towards gay men and lesbians, and possible decriminalisation of male homosexual acts along the lines of the Wolfenden report., In 1971 sex education was the subject for scrutiny in "Sex and Common sense" followed in 1975 by "X-ploitation" which looked at the seedy side of the film industry. The series was broadcast in an era when sex, class and religion were seen as controversial issues. Many of the films can now be seen as invaluable snapshots of British life in a bygone age.
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In January 2008, seven Swedish members of parliament from the Moderate Party (part of the governing coalition), authored a piece in a Swedish tabloid calling for the complete decriminalisation of file sharing; they wrote that "Decriminalising all non-commercial file sharing and forcing the market to adapt is not just the best solution. It's the only solution, unless we want an ever more extensive control of what citizens do on the Internet." In June 2015 a WIPO article named "Remix culture and Amateur Creativity: A Copyright Dilemma" acknowledged the "age of remixing" and the need for a copyright reform while referring to recent law interpretations in Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.
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In 1999, the Abortion Supervisory Committee's annual report criticised MPs for using it as a buffer between them and abortion interest groups, allowing them to abrogate their responsibilities. In response to that report, the newly–formed Fifth Labour Government, which was in coalition with the Alliance party, made attempts to reform New Zealand's abortion laws. After several months of preparatory work, the Cabinet agreed to amend the Contraception, Sterilisation and Abortion Act 1977 in July 2001 to allow one doctor to approve an abortion. The Cabinet also submitted a Supplementary Order Paper exploring the grounds for abortion, possible decriminalisation, and the abolition of the Abortion Supervisory Committee.
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During the 2020 general election, Ngaro attracted media attention on 10 October after he posted a Facebook attack ad claiming that a vote for his Labour opponent Phil Twyford would lead to the decriminalisation of recreational cannabis and all drugs and unlimited abortion. Though Ngaro subsequently deleted his post, Twyford captured a screenshot and accused his opponent of spreading fake news. Ngaro's post was also criticised by Labour MP Ruth Dyson, Auckland Councilor Richard Hills, political commentator Ben Thomas, and former Internet Party Laila Harré. In addition, National Party leader Judith Collins issued a media statement that Ngaro's comments were not shared by the rest of the party.
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At a global homosexuality decriminalisation conference that was held in Barbados by LGBT activists, Minister of People Empowerment and Elder Affairs Cynthia Y. Forde said, "We have no fear of legal challenge to any of our legislation. That is how new law is made and how jurisprudence is enhanced and kept relevant." In response, several evangelical church leaders plan to meet to formulate an official response to the case. The Anglican Bishop of Barbados, as well as the Catholic Church, have come out in opposition to the buggery law, stating that, while they morally oppose homosexuality, governments must respect the rights of all persons, including LGBT people.
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It was the different experience of judicial regulations that became a tool used by defenders of decriminalisation of homosexuality to make arguments, that those voluntary same-sex activities between adults is a crime without a victim. Particularly strong movement of homosexual emancipation existed in Germany with the demand to abolish Paragraph 175. In other countries, scandals related to homosexuality took place and were discussed: however, there was not much information about them in the Latvian press. The legal process (1895) against Oscar Wilde, who was convicted on the charge of pederasty and sentenced to two years of forced labour, was widely reflected in the Russian press.
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In 2015, Berns expressed opposition to the Edinburgh University Students' Association "LGBT Liberation" group issuing a statement of support for the decision to exclude drag acts from participating in that year's Pride Glasgow event. In 2016, Berns was banned from the University of Edinburgh's Feminist Society for opposing the decriminalisation of sex work. In April 2016, Berns began her series of "irreverent" YouTube vlogs where she published her views on gender identity. Her first and subsequent vlogs criticised claims that the unwillingness of cisgender lesbians to have sex with trans women who have penises (coined the "cotton ceiling") is due to transphobia, bigotry or prejudice rather than sexual orientation.
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The third season explored the role Hull played in the emancipation movement, building on the contribution of William Wilberforce and the existing suite of summer festivals in Hull, including the Freedom Festival. At the Freedom Festival, former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan was awarded the Wilberforce Medallion and gave the Wilberforce Lecture at Hull City Hall, which celebrates the historic role of Hull and Wilberforce in combating the abuse of human rights. The 50th anniversary of the decriminalisation of homosexuality was marked as part of LGBT 50, a series of events which included the title of 'UK Pride' being awarded to Pride in Hull.
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Cannabis coffee shop in the city center of Amsterdam, Netherlands Drug policy in the Netherlands is based on two principles: that drug use is a health issue, not a criminal issue, and that there is a distinction between hard and soft drugs. The Netherlands is currently the only country to have implemented a wide scale, but still regulated, decriminalisation of marijuana. It was also one of the first countries to introduce heroin-assisted treatment and safe injection sites. From 2008, a number of town councils have closed many so called coffee shops that sold cannabis or implemented other new restrictions for sale of cannabis, e.g.
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The South African regulatory body for drugs, the Medicines Control Council, classifies dagga as a Schedule 7 substance, which means that it has no medicinal value and "is illegal to cultivate, analyse, possess, research, use, sell or supply without authorisation from the Department of Health." In 2016, it published regulations providing for the use of dagga for medical reasons, and expressed a desire to reclassify "cannabinoid medication" as a Schedule 6 substance, which would make it available for medicinal use. However, the Dagga Couple point out that partial decriminalisation in 2017 has reduced the significance of the proposed change in scheduling, and have called for a more drastic reclassification of the drug.
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The Senlis Council, a European development and policy thinktank, has, since its conception in 2002, advocated that drug addiction should be viewed as a public health issue rather than a purely criminal matter. The group does not support the decriminalisation of illegal drugs. Since 2003, the Council has called for the licensing of poppy cultivation in Afghanistan in order to manufacture poppy- based medicines, such as morphine and codeine, and to combat poverty in rural communities, breaking ties with the illicit drugs trade. The Senlis Council outlined proposals for the implementation of a village based poppy for medicine project and calls for a pilot project for Afghan morphine at the next planting season.
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NORML Ireland. 'NORML Ireland supports the removal of all penalties for the private possession of cannabis by adults, cultivation for personal use, and the casual nonprofit transfers of small amounts. NORML Ireland also supports the development of a legally controlled market for cannabis'.NORML Ireland - about. NORML Ireland. Retrieved 12 June 2017. In June 2018, after a bill was passed to legalise cannabis in Canada, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar stated that the decriminalisation of cannabis was 'under consideration', with an expert group considering the examining the systems in jurisdictions in which cannabis has been decriminalised for recreational use. In a 2017 interview with Hot Press magazine, Fianna Fáil TD Stephen Donnelly spoke about smoking cannabis.
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A number of issues kept sex work in the public eye during 1990 and 1991. The next development occurred on 8 February 1991 when Ian Gilfillan (Australian Democrat MLC 1982-3) stated he would introduce a decriminalisation private members bill. He did so on 10 April 1991 but it met opposition from groups such as the Uniting Church and it lapsed when parliament recessed for the winter. Although he introduced a similar bill on 21 August 1991 but on 29 April 1992 a motion passed that resulted in the bill being withdrawn in favour of a reference to the Social Development Committee, although little was achieved by the latter during this time.
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Despite this initial disinterest, in 1986 Healy answered an ad to work in a massage parlour to supplement her primary school wages. After a year's absence from teaching, she decided to fully commit to her job as a sex worker. She began working in brothels, namely what is now the General Practitioner bar on Willis St. She reportedly received $2000 a month as a sex worker, compared to her salary of $400 as an educator, which she was able to spend on her frequent trips and adventures abroad. She worked for seven years as a sex worker, until eventually turning her focus towards advocacy for the protection of sex workers and decriminalisation of prostitution.
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For the first time, recommendations addressed underlying economic and social issues, whose alleviation might improve the situation. The Committee recommended addressing social inequalities between genders, assisting women and youth in need, and funding of community groups involved with prostitution. While the Committee (with one dissension) did not support complete decriminalisation, it suggested thorough revision of the criminal law, with tougher penalties for street prostitution because of the harm of disturbance and nuisance. It suggested a new offence of interfering or attempting to interfere, on more than one occasion, with pedestrian or vehicular traffic for the purposes of offering to engage in prostitution or of employing the services of a prostitute but not the mere offer or acceptance without disturbance.
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During the 1970s and 1980s, some British sociologists took a more sceptical approach to the question of the sixties 'permissive society', noting that it actually resulted in only partial and amended regulation of previously illegal and or stigmatised social activities. For example, the Sexual Offences Act 1967 decriminalised homosexuality but at an unequal age of consent, 21 (although it was subsequently reduced 18 (1994) and, finally, 16 (2002), additionally, the 1967 act decriminalised homosexuality only under limited circumstances. Similarly, the Abortion Act 1967 did not allow to abortion on request but required obtaining medical permission, with time limits. Furthermore, as with the case of cannabis decriminalisation, some instances of liberalised social attitudes were not met with legislative change.
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There is a debate about the possible reform of prostitution laws in the UK. It centres around the question of whether new legislation is necessary or desirable, and if so which of the three main options for change the UK should follow. Proponents of regulation argue for a system modelled on those used to regulate prostitution in Germany and prostitution in the Netherlands. Proponents of decriminalisation argue for an unregulated system similar to that covering prostitution in New Zealand and parts of Australia. Proponents of sex buyer laws argue for a system in which it is illegal to pay for sex, as is the case with prostitution in Sweden, prostitution in Norway and prostitution in Iceland.
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In the United States, the U.S. Supreme Court case Burstyn v. Wilson (1952) struck down a statute against sacrilege, ruling that the term could not be narrowly defined in a way that would safeguard against the establishment of one church over another and that such statutes infringed upon the free exercise of religion and freedom of expression. Despite their decriminalisation, sacrilegious acts are still sometimes regarded with strong disapproval by the public, even by nominal or former members and non-adherents of the offended religion, especially when these acts are perceived as manifestations of hatred toward a particular sect or creed. According to Catholic theology a sacrilege can be personal, local, or real.
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International media reported on the one-day decriminalisation of MDMA and methamphetamine. In September 2016, a paper in The Irish Law Times claimed "the Court of Appeal never had a prayer of solving the problem that was put to the people in this referendum, which was solving the backlog", with 1,814 cases pending at the end of 2015 compared to 2,001 cases at the start. A spokesperson for the court said it would process cases faster when it "finds its rhythm". In October 2017, the court's President said it was "coming to the point of being overwhelmed" by its backlog of cases, with about 600 added annually compared to about 320 dealt with.
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In 1988, Norris took a case to the European Court of Human Rights to argue that Irish law was incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights. The court, in the case of Norris v. Ireland, ruled that the criminalisation of male homosexuality in the Republic violated Article 8 of the Convention, which guarantees the right to privacy in personal affairs. The Oireachtas (Irish Parliament) decriminalised male homosexuality five years later, when the Minister for Justice, Maire Geoghegan-Quinn, in the 1992–1994 Fianna Fáil—Labour Coalition Government included decriminalisation with an equal age of consent (an equal age of consent was not required by the ECHR ruling) in a bill to deal with various sexual offences.
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Wildeblood was charged along with Lord Montagu and Michael Pitt-Rivers, and during the course of the trial he admitted his homosexuality to the court. Montagu received a 12-month sentence, while Wildeblood and Pitt-Rivers were sentenced to 18 months in prison as a result of these and other charges. The harsh verdict divided opinion and led to an inquiry resulting in the Wolfenden Report, which in 1957 recommended the decriminalisation of homosexuality in the UK. Wildeblood's testimony to the Wolfenden committee was influential on its recommendations. The committee was set up during the prison sentence of Peter Wildeblood in order to investigate the law regarding homosexuality and to give advice and recommendations for reform if need be.
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Davies contested Liverpool Scotland Exchange in 1979, and then Littleborough and Saddleworth in 1987 and 1992. He became the MP for that seat after a by- election in 1995, during which time Labour campaign manager Peter Mandelson branded him “...high on taxes and soft on drugs” for supporting Liberal Democrat policy on increasing income tax by 1p in the pound to provide additional funding for education, and to establish a Royal Commission to consider decriminalisation of cannabis. His election campaign was controversial due to Davies openly campaigning while the incumbent MP Geoffrey Dickens was dying from liver cancer. The Littleborough and Saddleworth seat was abolished by the time of the 1997 General Election.
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He said he wants Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to resolve the matter, while he wanted to avoid discord with the home ministry, who said the altered law would then result in an increase in criminal incidences of sodomy or offences involving sexual abuse of children, particularly boys. In doing so he alleged that the law even penalises health workers who treat homosexuals, while making this a cognizable and non-bailable offence. Various Hindu organisations, based in India and abroad have supported decriminalisation of homosexual behaviours. In 2009, the Hindu Council UK became one of the first major religious organisations to support LGBT rights when they issued a statement "Hinduism does not condemn homosexuality".
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National Party leader Russell Cooper, whose party was heavily implicated in corruption by the Fitzgerald Inquiry, tried to galvanise socially conservative support using his party's opposition to the legalisation of homosexual conduct. During the election campaign he claimed that his party's corruption was a "secondary issue" to moral issues like abortion and homosexuality, adding that the then- Opposition Labor's policy of decriminalisation would send a "flood of gays crossing the border from the Southern states". As a result, Cooper was lampooned in Labor advertisements as a wild-eyed reactionary, a clone of Bjelke-Petersen and/or a puppet of Nationals party president Sir Robert Sparkes. Cooper's party lost the election to Labor.
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Contrary to claims that decriminalisation would make prostituted people safer, critics pointed to research from numerous countries in which deregulation of the sex industry had produced catastrophic results: "the German government, for example, which deregulated the industry of prostitution in 2002, has found that the sex industry was not made safer for women after the enactment of its law. Instead, the explosive growth of legal brothels in Germany has triggered an increase in sex trafficking." These campaigners instead asked Amnesty to support the so- called Nordic model, in which sex buyers and pimps are criminalized, while prostituted people are decriminalized. In early August, a large number of NGOs published an open letter in support of the decriminalization proposal.
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In New Zealand, as in Australia, it was the Labour Party that initially adopted "New Right" economic policies. "Rogernomics" involved monetarist approaches to controlling inflation, corporatisation of government departments, and the removal of tariffs and subsidies, while the party also pursued social liberal stances such as decriminalisation of male homosexuality, pay equity for women and adopting a nuclear-free policy. This meant temporary realignment within New Zealand politics, as "New Right" middle-class voters voted Labour at the 1987 New Zealand general election in approval of its economic policies. At first, Labour corporatised many former government departments and state assets, then emulated the Conservative Thatcher administration and privatised them altogether during Labour's second term of office.
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With Taste and See: A Queer Prayer, published in 2018 by Mohini Books, he became known as an author who 'reconciles religiosity, spirituality and being queer'. His work was described as 'a spiritual and sensual prayer' and 'a lyrical study of passion, both religious and carnal'. Many of his poems and short stories have been written during, and as part of, the Indian LGBTQ mobilisation, and he has been a regular contributor to Indian LGBTQ magazines such as Gaylaxy. On 6 September 2019, on the one-year anniversary of the Indian decriminalisation of homosexuality, a collection of his short stories Lord of the Senses was published by queer-of-colour–centric press Team Angelica.
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" On accepting this petition, the Court in its initial observations noted that this was not the first petition challenging the section - debates and cases on this have been in motion since 1954, making it important for the Court to decide on this question without much ado. It felt that laws are supposed to be gender neutral. However, in this case, it merely makes the woman a victim and thus "creates a dent on the individual independent identity of the woman." The arguments by the party opposing this decriminalisation- the Centre- states that the section "supports, safeguards and protects the institution of marriage... Stability of marriages is not an ideal to be scorned.
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After a conviction is expunged the individual can claim not to have been convicted or found guilty of that offence, ensuring they will not be required to disclose such information and that the conviction does not show up on a police records check. Without the law, men who were convicted have had to deal with consequences, including restrictions on travel and applying for some jobs. Schemes of this nature now exist in all other jurisdictions of Australia. On 24 May 2016, the Victorian Government issued a formal apology, delivered in Parliament, to the LGBTI community and specifically men who had been charged with homosexual offences in the state prior to its decriminalisation in 1981.
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Adultery is not a ground for divorce in jurisdictions which have adopted a no-fault divorce model. International organizations have called for the decriminalisation of adultery, especially in the light of several high-profile stoning cases that have occurred in some countries. The head of the United Nations expert body charged with identifying ways to eliminate laws that discriminate against women or are discriminatory to them in terms of implementation or impact, Kamala Chandrakirana, has stated that: "Adultery must not be classified as a criminal offence at all". A joint statement by the United Nations Working Group on discrimination against women in law and in practice states that: "Adultery as a criminal offence violates women’s human rights".
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By the early 1960s, however, the Church of England was re-evaluating its stance on the legality of suicide, and decided that counselling, psychotherapy and suicide prevention intervention before the event took place would be a better solution than criminalisation of what amounted to an act of despair in this context.Ought Suicide to Be A Crime? A Discussion of Suicide, Attempted Suicide and the Law: Westminster: Church Information Office: 1959 Sir Charles Fletcher-Cooke was the principal figure behind the emergence, introduction and passage of this legislation. Before it was introduced in July 1961, Fletcher- Cooke had been unsuccessfully trying to introduce such a bill for the decriminalisation of suicide for over a decade beforehand.
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The film was thought to have broadened the debate which led to the decriminalisation of homosexual acts in private. In 1962, she played Tony Hancock's wife in The Punch and Judy Man. The film also featured her nephew, Nick Webb. Other comedies followed, such as The Big Job (1965) with Hancock's former co-star Sid James and Bat Out of Hell (1967), but it was for drama that she won acclaim, including The Tamarind Seed (1974) with Julie Andrews and Omar Sharif, for which she was nominated for a British Film Academy award. My Good Woman in 1972 was a husband-and-wife television comedy series which ran until 1974 with Leslie Crowther.
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In response to growing calls for the decriminalisation of abortion in New Zealand during the 1960s and 1970s, the New Zealand Parliament established a Royal Commission on Contraception, Sterilisation and Abortion in 1975 to consider abortion and these other issues. Based on the Royal Commission's recommendations, Parliament passed the Contraception, Sterilisation, and Abortion Act 1977, which established the regulatory framework for abortion. Women seeking abortion had to see their doctor and two medical consultants, who would assess the mental and physical grounds for carrying out an abortion under the criteria of the Crimes Act 1961. A surgeon would be needed to perform an abortion and counselling was also made available to women seeking an abortion.
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The petitioners were dancer Navtej Singh Johar, journalist Sunil Mehra, chef Ritu Dalmia, hoteliers Aman Nath and Keshav Suri, and businesswoman Ayesha Kapur. This case was the first instance wherein the petitioners argued that they had all been directly aggrieved because of Section 377, alleging it to be a direct violation of fundamental rights. The opposition to decriminalisation petitions was led by Apostolic Alliance of Churches, Utkal Christian Council and Trust God Ministries. Advocate Manoj George represented the first two and Senior Advocate KS Radhakrishnan the third. The NDA government took a neutral stance, leaving the decision to the “wisdom of the court” as long as it applies to “consensual acts of adults in private”.
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During the country's long military dictatorship under the authoritarian State Peace and Development Council, it was difficult to obtain accurate information about the legal or social status of LGBT Burmese citizens. Following the 2011–2015 Myanmar political reforms, improvements in media and civil freedoms have allowed LGBT people to gain more visibility and support in the country. Despite the 2015 electoral victory of the National League for Democracy, which promised improved human rights and whose leader Aung San Suu Kyi had once called for the decriminalisation of homosexuality, there have been no changes to anti-LGBT laws. Nevertheless, LGBT activists have noted a growing climate of societal acceptance and tolerance toward LGBT people, in line with worldwide trends.
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Dimbleby joined the BBC as a news reporter in Bristol in the 1960s and has appeared in news programmes since 1962, early on co- presenting the televised version of the school quiz Top of the Form, and was a reporter on the BBC's coverage of the 1964 general election with his father as linkman. Richard Dimbleby died the following year. On 24 July 1967, Dimbleby was one of seventy signatories to The Times advertisement advocating the decriminalisation of cannabis use, which had been written by campaigner Stephen Abrams.Jonathon Green All Dressed Up: The Counterculture and the Sixties, London: Pimlico ed., 1999, p.181-84Dina Rabinovitch, Emily Green and Andrew Brown "Twenty-five years gone up in smoke", The Independent, 22 July 1992.
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The Spectator opposed Britain's involvement in the Suez crisis in 1956, strongly criticising the government's handling of the debacle. The paper went on to oppose Macmillan's government's re-election in 1959, complaining: "The continued Conservative pretence that Suez was a good, a noble, a wise venture has been too much to stomach ... the Government is taking its stand on a solid principle: 'Never admit a mistake.'" The paper says that it was influential in campaigning for the decriminalisation of homosexuality.How The Spectator fought to decriminalise homosexuality (Spectator article) It gave vocal support to the proposals of the Wolfenden Committee in 1957, condemning the "utterly irrational and illogical" old laws on homosexuality: "Not only is the law unjust in conception, it is almost inevitably unjust in practice".
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His actions triggered opposition within and between different groups of national delegates including the Communist Party of Great Britain and National Union of Students. He was banned from conferences, had his leaflets confiscated and burned, was interrogated by the secret police (the Stasi) and threatened and assaulted by other delegates, mostly communists. Tatchell later claimed that this was the first time gay liberation politics were publicly disseminated and discussed in a communist country, although he noted that, in terms of decriminalisation and the age of consent, gay men had greater rights in East Germany at the time than in Britain and much of the West.Peter Tatchell, "GLF at the World Youth Festival, GDR 1973", in Gay Marxist No 3 (October 1973).
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The following year Albert Reynolds, whom she now backed for the leadership, became Taoiseach and Fianna Fáil leader. For her loyalty to Reynolds, she was appointed Minister for Tourism, Transport and Communications. She became Minister for Justice in 1993, in which post she introduced substantial law reform legislation, including the decriminalisation of homosexuality; she was also briefly acting Minister for Equality and Law Reform in late 1994, following the resignation of Labour Party Minister Mervyn Taylor from Reynolds' coalition government. James Reilly When Reynolds resigned as leader of Fianna Fáil in November 1994, Geoghegan-Quinn was seen as his preferred successor in the position.David Sharrock, "New coalition likely to avert Irish poll; Finance minister looks certain to take over from Reynolds", The Guardian, 19 November 1994.
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They do not see it as "death with dignity" and say that individuals do not have the right to take their own life. New Zealand anti-abortion/pro-life organisations such as Voice for Life and Right to Life New Zealand are also opposed to decriminalisation of voluntary euthanasia or physician assisted suicide, although this has usually been subordinate to their opposition to abortion in New Zealand. However, according to the New Zealand census, New Zealand is an increasingly secular society and it is probable that it is medical practitioners organisations that have greater credibility when it comes to opposition to euthanasia law reform. The New Zealand Medical Association and Hospice New Zealand do not support the legalisation of euthanasia.
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To mark the 50th anniversary of the decriminalisation of sexual activity between men in England and Wales, the National Trust in summer 2017 organised a "Prejudice and Pride" campaign highlighting the LGBT themes in its properties. At Felbrigg Hall, a short film narrated by Stephen Fry stated that Robert Wyndham Ketton-Cremer had been widely known to be homosexual, though others claimed that this was only known by his close friends. Two of Ketton-Cremer's godchildren criticised the decision, claiming that a public outing would have been against Ketton- Cremer's wishes and accusing the Trust of using their godfather to generate publicity. The Trust also requested that volunteers wear a badge featuring the charity's logo atop the colours of the LGBT pride flag.
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The initial decriminalisation of homosexuality in Queensland in 1991 failed to implement an equal age of consent, despite it being a majority recommendation of the 1990 Parliamentary Criminal Justice Committee review of homosexuality. Queensland's age of consent remained at 16 for oral and vaginal sex. By comparison, the age of consent for anal sex was set at 18, with section 208 of the Queensland Criminal Code imposing up to 14 years imprisonment for "sodomy" that involved a person under that age, whether male or female. When the government of Wayne Goss decriminalised male homosexual activity in Queensland, it imposed a higher age of consent for anal intercourse as a "pragmatic political response" to the objections of religious lobby groups, who largely equated homosexuality with anal sex.
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Local gardaí were ordered not to get involved in that case but McGahon was not deterred from giving evidence that helped the newspaper to defend the claims being made against it by Murphy. A maverick and outspoken TD he was known to speak his mind on many issues including divorce, crime, and single mothers. He once advocated that paedophiles should be castrated as part of their prison sentence and was the only TD to oppose the referendum to abolish the death penalty from the Constitution. He also argued that those aged under 21 years of age should not be able to drive or drink, he was a member of the World anti-Communist League and opposed the decriminalisation of homosexuality.
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In 1905, Hirschfeld joined the Bund für Mutterschutz (League for the Protection of Mothers), the feminist organization founded by Helene Stöcker. He campaigned for the decriminalisation of abortion, and against policies that banned female teachers and civil servants from marrying or having children. Both Hirschfeld and Stöcker believed that there was a close connection between the causes of gay rights and women's rights, and Stöcker was much involved in the campaign to repeal Paragraph 175 while Hirschfeld campaigned for the repeal of Paragraph 218, which had banned abortion. In 1906, Hirschfeld was asked as a doctor to examine a prisoner in Neumünster to see if he was suffering from "severe nervous disturbances caused by a combination of malaria, blackwater fever and congenital sexual anomaly".
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The ruling applied retroactively to acts committed since the adoption of the Interim Constitution on 27 April 1994. Despite the decriminalisation of sex between men, the age of consent set by the Sexual Offences Act was 19 for homosexual acts but only 16 for heterosexual acts. This was rectified in 2007 by the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, which codified the law on sex offences in gender and orientation neutral terms and set 16 as the uniform age of consent. In 2008, even though the new law had come into effect, the former inequality was declared to be unconstitutional in the case of Geldenhuys v National Director of Public Prosecutions, with the ruling again applying retroactively from 27 April 1994.
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Ten years later in March 1993, Ruth Dreifuss was elected as the first SD woman to serve in the Federal Council. On that occasion too, the United Federal Assembly did not choose the official candidate of the SP (Christiane Brunner), but the unofficial candidate Dreifuss (the ). In 1990, the SP party conference accepted Switzerland's accession to the International Monetary Fund with clear conditions and elected the Valais canton councillor, , as party president. At the 1992 party conference in Genf, the SP decided to support accession to the European Economic Area as a first step towards membership of the European Economic Community and endorsed a drug policy involving the decriminalisation of drug consumption, controlled sale of drugs for medicinal purposes, and eventual legalisation of drugs.
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The conservative Coalition has mixed views on LGBT rights, but its senior partner the Liberal Party of Australia has fielded an increasing number of LGBTI candidates in federal elections, including the first openly gay man elected to the House of Representatives, Trent Zimmerman. After the 2016 Australian federal election, he was joined by fellow gay Liberals Tim Wilson and Trevor Evans, with gay Senator Dean Smith representing Western Australia for the Liberals in the Senate since 2012. Each differs in their level of activism on LGBT issues, considering themselves members of the Liberal Party first and foremost. The Coalition's history on LGBT issues is mixed; during the 1970s, Liberal politicians such as John Gorton and Murray Hill worked across party lines in supporting the decriminalisation of homosexuality.
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His changes to the school's curriculum were later adopted in other English public schools. John Wolfenden, headmaster from 1934 to 1944, was notable for later chairing the Wolfenden Committee whose report recommending the decriminalisation of homosexuality was published in 1957. Uppingham has a tradition of high musical standards, based on the work of Paul David and Robert Sterndale Bennett and has opened a new music school, a fusion of new and old buildings named after the first Director of Music, Paul David. Uppingham has the greatest area of playing fields of any school in England, in three separate areas on different sides of the town: the Leicester to the west, the Middle to the south, and the Upper to the east.
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Bellenger remained on the Labour backbenches for the rest of his life. He became increasingly disconnected from the mainstream of the party, being unsympathetic to trade unions, opposing the decriminalisation of homosexuality and supported the Unilateral Declaration of Independence by white Rhodesians. He was close to members of the Conservative Party, including their Chief Whip Martin Redmayne and, against the arguments of his dining companion, Margaret Thatcher, privately supported the retention of prime minister Harold Macmillan at the time of the Profumo scandal in 1963 along with Julian Critchley, another of his Conservative friends. Following the 1966 general election, the Bassetlaw Constituency Labour Party deselected him (for any future election) over his opposition to steel nationalisation and his position on Rhodesia.
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The news page, In The Know, received particular attention when it was the first to break a story of three young gay porn stars being infected with HIV on a British porn shoot. The news editor of Boyz Karl Riley later appeared on the BBC's Newsnight to discuss the story. The magazine was launched in the summer of 1991, at a time of expansion for the gay scene in Britain; with the partial decriminalisation of homosexuality (brought in by the 1967 Act) and the increased prosperity of the 1980s, many more gay bars and pubs were opening. A magazine to help people new to the scene navigate around it became a necessity, especially as this function was not provided by existing publications such as the Pink Paper.
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FamilyVoice is opposed to the decriminalisation of cannabis, claiming the drug has "no medical use". FamilyVoice have made submissions to inquiries on drug and alcohol treatment, the provision of alcohol to minors and the prevention of drug and alcohol abuse. FamilyVoice has made submissions on referendum machinery, bicameral parliaments and electoral funding, opposing caps on political donations FamilyVoice Australia submissions have included other issues such as human rights, euthanasia, childcare funding, paid parental leave, the commercial television industry code of practice, suicide, men's health, religious freedom, "adult" stores, alcohol-related violence, child sex abuse, equal opportunity laws, reproductive technology and gambling. FamilyVoice Australia partnered with the Coalition for Marriage and other groups opposed to same-sex marriage, in campaigning for a 'No' vote in the 2017 Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey.
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Engaged in the advocacy for women's rights and that of the LGBT community, the organisation participated in the drafting of the report of the Tunisian Individual Freedoms and Equality Committee (Colibe) along with other Tunisian organisations. Chouf Minorities is conducting an in depth study, in partnership with Mawjoudin and Damj, on the systematic violations of the rights of LGBTQI + people in Tunisia. In an open letter co-signed with several organizations and grouped under the name Collective for individual freedoms, the organisation urged directly President of Tunisia to ensure personal rights for people during Ramadan. On 17 May 2018, on the occasion of the International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia, the collective called for the end of the use of anal tests and for the decriminalisation of homosexuality.
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Eden's successor, Harold Macmillan, split the Conservatives when Britain applied to join the European Economic Community, but French President Charles de Gaulle vetoed the application. Labour returned to power in 1964 under Harold Wilson, who brought in a number of social reforms, including the legalisation of abortion, the abolition of capital punishment and the decriminalisation of homosexuality. In 1973, Conservative Prime Minister Edward Heath succeeded in securing U.K. membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), what would later become known as the European Union. Wilson, having lost the 1970 election to Heath, returned to power in 1974; however, Labour's reputation was harmed by the winter of discontent of 1978-9 under Jim Callaghan, which enabled the Conservatives to re-take control of Parliament in 1979, under Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female Prime Minister.
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As a profitable investment for the future of society, the FDP wants to promote the highest quality education at all levels, since it considers human capital the most important resource of Switzerland. It considers innovation as a crucial asset for prosperity and wants to improve the position of Switzerland as one of the leaders of innovation. The party is, in principal, in favour of ending marijuana prohibition to encourage safe and legal free enterprise as opposed to a costly war on drugs, emphasizing personal and family responsibility over life choices, as opposed to making such choices a state power. However, many in the party may not be in favour of a full legalization, such as in the U.S. state of Colorado, but just decriminalisation such as the approach in Portugal.
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Western Australia was one of the last Australian jurisdictions to pass a law allowing individuals to apply to have historical homosexual convictions or charges expunged from their criminal records. Following homosexual decriminalisation in 1990, attempts to reform the law only gained traction in the mid 2010s. In April 2016, the Law Society of Western Australia submitted a detailed proposal to the state Attorney-General, recommending a scheme be implemented to allow individuals who have been convicted of an historical homosexual offence apply to have that conviction be expunged. Prior to the 2017 state election, both major parties in Western Australia discussed the prospect of expunging consensual homosexual sex crimes, with the opposition Labor Party pledging to implement such a scheme if elected and the incumbent Coalition Government stating it would consider the proposal.
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On 6 April 2017, the Expungement of Historical Offences Bill 2017 was introduced to the Tasmanian House of Assembly by the acting Attorney-General. The bill would allow those who have been convicted of homosexual sexual offences (prior to its decriminalisation in Tasmania in 1997) and cross-dressing (which was an offence under the Police Offences Act 1935, until being repealed in 2001) to apply to the Secretary for the Department of Justice, or have a person apply on their behalf if deceased, to have their conviction expunged. The bill was debated in the Assembly on 13 April, and was passed in the Assembly on 2 May 2017. It then proceeded to the mostly independent Legislative Council for consideration, where a first reading was held on 19 May 2017.
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Ravi defended the accused in high-profile death penalty cases such as Public Prosecutor v Shanmugam s/o Murugesu (2004), Public Prosecutor v Iwuchukwu Amara Tochi and Another (2006) and Yong Vui Kong v Public Prosecutor (2009-2015), the latter which flagged out other legal issues concerning human rights, which included the constitutionality of corporal caning, as well as the reviewability of the clemency process and exercise of prosecutorial discretion. As a lawyer, he is known for his discursive courtroom style. He has also argued other landmark human rights cases such as Shadrake v Attorney-General (2011) on freedom of expression and contempt of court, Tan Eng Hong v Attorney-General (2012) on gay rights and decriminalisation of homosexuality, and Vellama d/o Marie Muthu v. Attorney- General (2013) on voting rights, amongst others.
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Following a reshuffle of Labour's shadow ministerial team in October 2011, Green was promoted to shadow Minister of State for Equalities at the Government Equalities Office, working alongside Yvette Cooper. Following a reshuffle of Labour's shadow ministerial team in October 2013, Green became Shadow Minister for Disabled People. Following Jeremy Corbyn's election as Leader of the Labour Party, Green was promoted again to the Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet serving as Shadow Minister for Women and Equalities. In a March 2016 speech, Corbyn advocated the decriminalisation of the sex industry, to which Green commented "without any discussion or consultation with his shadow cabinet, with me as his shadow minister for women and equalities, with women in the PLP or, to the best of my knowledge, with anyone in the wider Labour Party".
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EMCDDA, 2,000 This led to the adoption of The National Strategy for the Fight Against Drugs in 1999. A vast expansion of harm reduction efforts, doubling the investment of public funds in drug treatment and drug prevention services, and changing the legal framework dealing with minor drug offences were the main elements of the policy thrust. According to Dr João Castel-Branco Goulão, one of the architects of the decriminalisation policy, a reason why the programme was able to get off the ground was because in Portugal, the problem could not be blamed on any ethnic or economic group in society (as in Brazil and the favelas), allowing other prejudices to be put aside. The policy was, however, initially opposed by right-wing politicians, who feared it would turn Portugal into a narco-state.
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In 1967, the Parliament of the United Kingdom voted to pass the Sexual Offences Act 1967 for the limited decriminalisation of homosexual acts, but this applied only to England and Wales. Same-sex sexual activities were legalised in Scotland on the same basis as in the 1967 Act, by section 80 of the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980, which came into force on 1 February 1981. The British Government's failure to extend the 1967 reforms to Northern Ireland led to the establishment of organisations such as the Campaign for Homosexual Equality and the Gay Liberation Front. During the 1970s, Northern Ireland was under direct rule from Westminster, so the organisations tried to bypass the Northern Ireland parties which were hostile to their cause and petition the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland directly.
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A month before The War We Never Fought's publication, Ed West in The Daily Telegraph said that the book had provoked criticism not only from the Left, but also from the free-market libertarian Right. In Prospect magazine, Peter Lilley wrote that Hitchens "realises there are only two logically coherent policies: prohibition and legalisation. Decriminalisation, the fashionable option of the intelligentsia, makes no sense, though it is the destination which policy in this country has moved towards for several decades" and "the most refreshing aspect of this book is its recognition that drug taking is fundamentally a moral issue". A largely positive review by William Dove in the International Business Times stated that, "Hitchens makes a convincing case that the anti- drug laws are not unenforceable as legalisers might claim, but unenforced".
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212-214 and 220). Sociologist Matthew Waites, author of The age of Consent – Young People, Sexuality and Citizenship, observed that: > By the mid-1970s the case for a lower minimum age for all was finding wider > support, with questions being posed concerning the merits of lowering the > legal age for male/female sexual behaviour – not only within grassroots > sexual movements, but also within religious organisations and liberal > intellectual circles. [...] Significant sections of liberal opinion in the > political mainstream, including prominent campaigners for children’s > interests and sexual health, support at least some selective > decriminalisation of sexual activity between young people under 18. More generally in academic work, particularly in sociology, recent writing on human sexual behaviour from various perspectives has questioned the extent of prohibitions on sexual activity involving children.Waites, Matthew (2005, op.cit.
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Many polling organisations ask New Zealanders questions related to cannabis legislation. Support for law reform around cannabis in New Zealand had increased in the years before the referendum. A 2020 study of Twitter users who tweeted about cannabis between July 2009 to August 2020 found that 62% had a positive view of cannabis, with tweets in 2020 having a slightly higher proportion of positive views on cannabis (65.3%), while 53.5% of those who talked about the cannabis referendum were in support of the bill. These numbers tend to trend higher around support for medicinal use. When voting age New Zealanders were asked in July 2017 if they supported "growing and/or using cannabis for medical reasons if you have a terminal illness", 59% responded that it should be legal, 22% supported decriminalisation, while 15% responded it should be illegal.
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On 1 July 2015 Michelle Lensink Liberal MLC introduced an updated version of the Key-Gago legislation as a Private Member's Bill to the South Australian Legislative Council (53rd Parliament), the Statutes Amendment (Decriminalisation of Sex Work) Bill (LC44). Key and Lensink collaborated across party lines to develop the legislation, sexual exploitation being the obvious potential in an industry like this, and its introduction to the Legislative Council was intended to test key elements of the legislation with important opponents in the upper house. The Bill passed the upper house on 6 July 2017 but did not proceed past a second reading on 19 October 2017 in the Assembly, due to prorogation prior to the election the following March, which led to a change of government. The Bill sought to decriminalise sex work by a number of legislative amendments.
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In 2006, she set up a Centre for Advocacy on Stigma and Marginalisation (CASAM). She had begun working with children of sex workers in 2004, and built a hostel for them called Mitra in Nipani, Karnataka, in 2009. Seshu's work is focused on decriminalisation of sex work. She believes rehabilitation efforts can be misguided: > "In VAMP we have a slogan: “save us from saviours”. These saviours are > saving us for themselves, they’re not saving us for ourselves. If they had > come to save us for ourselves, maybe they’d help us get better working > conditions, they wouldn’t use the most oppressive arm of the State, the > police, to “help us”" Seshu wants safety and removal of occupational hazards in sex work - violence, unsafe conditions and practices, and she wants sex workers to have access to treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like HIV.
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Cannold is past president of Reproductive Choice Australia, a national coalition of pro-choice organisations that played a key role in removing the ban on the abortion drug RU486 in 2006, and of Pro Choice Victoria, which was instrumental in the decriminalisation of abortion in Victoria in 2008. In 2011, she co-founded the not-for-profit speaker referral site No Chicks No Excuses. Leslie Cannold was awarded 2011 Australian Humanist of the Year in recognition of her valuable contribution to public debate on a wide range of ethical issues, of particular relevance to women and family life. Her TEDx talk on abortion has had close to 60,000 views, and in 2016, she spoke to around 6,000 activists from 169 countriesWomen Deliver 4th Global Conference 16–19 May 2016 at the International Women Deliver conference in Copenhagen about abortion stigma.
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Fyfe subsequently sanctioned the establishment of the Wolfenden Report into homosexuality, but had he known its findings would recommend decriminalisation, it is unlikely he would have done so. During his tenure as Home Secretary, he was embroiled in the controversy surrounding the hanging of Derek Bentley. Maxwell Fyfe had controversially refused to grant a reprieve to Bentley despite the written petitions of 200 MPs and the claim that Bentley was mentally retarded allegedly having a mental age of only 11. However, on most issues he was on the progressive wing of the Conservative Party, opposing the proposals in 1953 for the re-introduction of corporal punishment. Maxwell Fyfe remained ambitious and a Daily Mirror opinion poll in 1954, on the popular favourite to succeed Churchill as Party leader and prime minister, had him behind Eden and Butler but well ahead of Macmillan.
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As the Portuguese Parliament tabled a vote on the decriminalisation of euthanasia in February 2020, Cardinal Marto underlined his opposition, saying "no one could expect a servant of the Gospel to be against life." He affirmed that to the Church, human life was not subject to vote for its intrinsic value, however, as far as the legislative process was concerned, he was supportive of some sort of public consultation, like a referendum, so that the whole of society could be involved in the decision-making process: he cited other religious confessions that were opposed to it, as well as non-confessional organisations, such as the leadership of the Order of Physicians. He has also spoke critically of terms like "physician-assisted death" or "dignified death", which he regards as euphemisms used by certain proponents to muddle the concept of euthanasia for ideological gain.
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Assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia are illegal in New Zealand under Section 179 of the New Zealand Crimes Act 1961, which renders it a criminal offence to "aid and abet suicide." Two decriminalisation attempts – the Death With Dignity Bill 1995 and the Death With Dignity Bill 2003 – failed, the latter by only a three-vote margin within the New Zealand Parliament. In May 2012, Labour Party of New Zealand MP Maryan Street introduced a private member's bill into the ballot box, the End of Life Choices Bill, which was taken over by MP Iain Lees-Galloway when she failed to get re-elected in the 2014 General Election. The bill was dropped in December 2014 at the request of Labour Party leader Andrew Little as the issue was deemed to be distracting from bigger issues that concerned the party.
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The War We Never Fought: The British Establishment's Surrender to Drugs is the sixth book by the British author and Mail on Sunday columnist Peter Hitchens, first published in 2012. The book is intended as a rebuttal of what Hitchens sees as the widespread acceptance of drug use and the weakening of drug prohibition in Britain since the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, when a Conservative government adopted a Labour Party policy to implement the Wootton Report. Hitchens believes that there is de facto decriminalisation of drugs in the UK, especially of cannabis, contrary to claims of drug "prohibition" from "Big Dope" (name he gives to the cannabis legalisation lobby). Hitchens contends that it is only through much harsher and more stringent punishment – for both consumers and dealers of drugs – that any war on drugs can be successful.
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It would delete the term "common prostitute" from the Criminal Law Consolidation Act (1935) and Summary Offences Act (1953). In addition it would remove common law offences relating to sex work and add "sex work" to the Equal Opportunity Act making discrimination against a person for being a sex worker an offence. Criminal records relating to sex work, including brothels, would be deleted by amending the Spent Convictions Act. The Return to Work Act would be amended to recognise commercial sexual services as in any other business. Sex workers would also be covered under the Work Health and Safety Act A further attempt to introduce the same Bill (Decriminalisation of Sex Work Bill LC2) was made on 9 May 2018 (54th Parliament), also as a private member's bill sponsored by the Attorney-General Vickie Chapman and Tammy Franks MLC (Greens), and with the support of Liberal Premier Steven Marshall.
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Pride in Hull 2017 was named as the inaugural 'UK Pride' \- a nationwide initiative to highlight one LGBT Pride event taking place in the country each year. This coincided with the city being named Hull UK City of Culture 2017. Pride in Hull formed part of a week of activity to mark 'LGBT 50', the 50th anniversary of the Sexual Offences Act 1967, which brought about the partial decriminalisation of homosexuality in the UK. Other events that included I Feel Love, a live concert broadcast on BBC Radio 2, the Yorkshire premier of God's Own Country and The House of King and Queens, a photography exhibition focussing on LGBT life in Hull's twin city of Freetown, Sierra Leone. Audience research by Arts Council England and the University of Hull found that LGBT50 was highly rated, scoring particularly highly in the category 'it is important that it is happening here'.
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They argued that the low levels of detection do not justify the high levels of interference, especially at a time of austerity where policing resources should be used wisely and not on low level possession offences, which can have a serious detrimental impact on the futures of those convicted . Ultimately the report proposes the decriminalisation of drug possession offences as and effective policy solution to the wasted resources and racial profiling problems found. The report found that Black people were more likely to be stopped and searched for drugs than white people, despite being less likely to use them. In 2009/10 the search rate for drugs for was 7 per 1000 white people, 14 per 1000 Mixed Race people, 18 per 1000 Asian people and 45 per 1000 Black people, meaning that Black people were 6.3 times more likely to be stopped and searched for drugs than white people.
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Activist Rodney Croome was named the 2015 Tasmanian Australian of the Year for his LGBT rights work including the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Tasmania. On 14 November 1995, Nick Toonen and his then-partner Rodney Croome applied to the High Court of Australia for a ruling that Tasmania's anti-gay laws were constitutionally overridden by the Human Rights (Sexual Conduct) Act 1994 and therefore invalid. The case was taken by Alan Goldberg QC, who provided his services pro bono after Croome and Toonen were denied legal aid to mount the case despite fulfilling the criteria for funding as a public interest test case. In 1996, the state Liberal Party Government of Tony Rundle changed its position on gay law reform from opposition to allowing a conscience vote after failing in its attempts to have the High Court matter struck out and amid growing local support for reform.
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As Director General of the UN Office on Drugs and Organized Crime, Costa has drawn critical comment from a number of organisation and commentators who are opposed to the international drug conventions believing that these conventions limit individual signatory countries from experimenting with various forms of drugs regulation decriminalisation and legalisation. Antonio Maria-Costa has spoken publicly of his support for the Swedish drug police of zero tolerance. Under his leadership the UNODC published the report Sweden's Successful Drug Policy: A Review of the Evidence. Whilst Antonio Maria Costa has been criticised for emphasising the importance of enforcement in how individual countries tackle their drug problem in fact he has been a vocal supporter for the use of health service and drugs treatment, recognising that countries require a balanced approach to how they are tackling their drug problem combining elements of enforcement, treatment and prevention.
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There has long been a general agreement that the status quo of prostitution in Canada was problematic, but there has been little consensus on what should be done. There is an ideological disagreement between those who want to see prostitution eliminated (prohibitionism), generally because they view it either as an exploitative or unacceptable part of society, and those advocating decriminalisation because they view sex workers as having agency and prostitution as a transaction; they also believe prohibition encourages the exploitation of sex workers by denying them legal and regulatory protections. The term "sex work" is used interchangeably with "prostitution" in this article, in accordance with the World Health Organisation (WHO 2001; WHO 2005) and the United Nations (UN 2006; UNAIDS 2002). The Conservative majority Government of Canada, however, was committed to a prohibitionist position, as was laid out in its new legislation introduced in 2014.
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A campaign set up in 2011 to end prostitution and sex trafficking in Ireland called "Turn Off the Red Light" is run by an alliance of more than 66 community, union and religious groups,Turn Off the Red Light, website"Group calls for reform of prostitution laws", RTÉ News / Ireland, 2 February 2011"Prominent Irishmen seek change to prostitution laws", Connor Lally, Irish Times, 3 February 2011 including the Irish Nurses and Midwives Organisation,Irish Nurses and Midwives Organisation. Irish Nurses call for new prostitution laws in Ireland 2014 and the Irish Medical Organisation. Core members are the Immigrant Council, Ruhama and the National Women's Council. In response, a counter-campaign called "Turn Off the Blue Light" was created by sex workers and supporters in favour of decriminalisation to rebut what they see as misleading information and to present a positive image of sex workers in Ireland.
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A later addition to the law, Section 4(f), specified that "animals must not be used in trials for the purposes of assessing whether a psychoactive product should be approved." This may mean that, in practice, approval will be difficult or impossible."The twilight state of the Psychoactive Substances Act", November 2014, New Zealand Drug Foundation magazine "Matters of Substance" So far, no manufacturing licenses have been applied for."Synthetic Cannabis 'Prevalent' - Ban hasn't fixed problem", Jul 9, 2016, Kyra Dawson, Rotorua Daily Post The Act was brought in as a reaction to widespread concerns"Kronic ads on youth radio under fire", Nicholas Jones, Jun 28, 2011, NZ Herald over the 2005 deregulation, or decriminalisation, of selling psychoactive substances in New Zealand with the introduction of section 62 in the Misuse of Drugs Amendment Act 2005 and the Misuse of Drugs (Restricted Substances) Regulations 2008.
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Unlike the other defendants in the trial, Montagu continued to protest his innocence. The trial caused a backlash of opinion among some politicians and church leaders that led to the setting up of the Wolfenden Committee, which in its 1957 report recommended the decriminalisation of homosexual activity in private between two adults. Ten years later, Parliament finally carried out the recommendation, a huge turning point in gay history in Britain, where anal sex, a form of "buggery", had been a criminal offence ever since the Buggery Act 1533. Lord Montagu of Beaulieu with his first wife, Belinda, whom he married in 1958 Lord Montagu of Beaulieu and his second wife, Fiona, on their wedding day in 1974, by Allan Warren In 2000, when his autobiography appeared, Montagu broke down in tears when it was suggested to him that the reform of the law on homosexuality would be his monument.
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Where decriminalisation has been implemented, such as in several states in Australia and United States, as well as in Portugal and the Netherlands no, or only very small adverse effects have been shown on population cannabis usage rate. The lack of evidence of increased use indicates that such a policy shift does not have adverse effects on cannabis- related harm while, at the same time, decreasing enforcement costs. In the last few years certain strains of the cannabis plant with higher concentrations of THC and drug tourism have challenged the former policy in the Netherlands and led to a more restrictive approach; for example, a ban on selling cannabis to tourists in coffeeshops suggested to start late 2011. Sale and possession of cannabis is still illegal in PortugalEMCDDA:Drug policy profiles, Portugal, June 2011 and possession of cannabis is a federal crime in the United States.
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The Yankee International: 1848-1876. (University of North Carolina) Indeed, with Marx's support, the American branch of the organization was purged of its pacifist, anti-racist and feminist elements, which were accused of putting too much emphasis on issues unrelated to class struggle and were therefore seen to be incompatible with scientific socialism. The Verband Fortschrittlicher Frauenvereine (League of Progressive Women's Associations), a turn of the 20th century left-wing organization led by Lily Braun campaigned for the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Germany and aimed at organizing prostitutes into labour unions. The broader labour movement either attacked the League, saying they were utopians, or ignored it,Poldevaart, Saskia, 2000 The Recurring Movements of ‘Free Love’, Written for the workshop ‘Free Love and the Labour Movement’, Second workshop in the series ‘Socialism and Sexuality’. International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, 6 October 2000 and Braun was driven out of the international Marxist movement.
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It chose not to support any candidate in the 2013 presidential elections, stating that "within the current conditions, we should have had our own candidate in order to strongly express the ideas and strength of the radical left" but that "since ERAS is a recently founded committee, we deemed that we do not have at the moment the organisational capacity or the resources to undergo an electoral campaign". The Committee also stated that the AKEL-backed candidate, Stavros Malas, does not "guarantee in any way the defense of the interests of the people and the working class and promotes the delusion that it is possible in the conditions of this crisis to retain the social interest without opposition to the central decisions of the bourgeoisie." ERAS has also stated support for the abolition of benefits of high-ranking state officials, the right to abortion, the decriminalisation of cannabis and the right of civil partnership recognition for homosexual couples.
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Transgender and intersex Queenslanders are able to update their government records and birth certificate, with the "forced divorce" requirement abolished in 2018 and activists calling for the sexual reassignment surgery requirement to be repealed. LGBT rights have been politically polarised – the Queensland branch of the Australian Labor Party supported the decriminalisation of homosexual sex and anti-discrimination protections as early as 1981 and have introduced various legal reforms when in power, while the socially conservative Liberal National Party of Queensland and its predecessor the National Party has traditionally been more hostile. Queensland has historically been Australia's most conservative state, particularly in the decentralised regions to the north and west of the metropolitan south-east corner, but the impact of social conservatism on Queensland politics and laws has gradually declined. The highest proportion of Queensland same-sex couples are concentrated in Brisbane's inner-city suburbs, with the top three being New Farm, Fortitude Valley and Teneriffe.
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Near the end of 1974, Patricia Hewitt, later a Labour cabinet minister, was appointed as general secretary. A number of other future high-profile Labour politicians worked at the organisation at this time, such as Harriet Harman, who worked as the legal officer from 1978 to 1982, Jack Dromey, later her husband, was a member (1970–79) and chairman of the Executive Committee, and Diane Abbott was employed as Race Relations Officer (1978–80). Paedophilia In 1976, the NCCL in a submission to the Criminal Law Revision Committee of the British Parliament argued that "Childhood sexual experiences, willingly engaged in, with an adult result in no identifiable damage… The real need is a change in the attitude which assumes that all cases of paedophilia result in lasting damage". The NCCL also sought to place the "onus of proof on the prosecution to show that the child was actually harmed" rather than having a blanket ban on child pornography and advocated the decriminalisation of incest.
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However, despite supporting the holding of a referendum on the decriminalisation of abortion, he was opposed to actually decriminalising it, and he also criticised the Party's understanding of democratic activism as being a matter of equalising access to capitalist markets for the working class and other subaltern groups. In an interview he gave shortly before his death, Pasolini stated he frequently disagreed with the Party. He continued to give qualified support to the PCI: in June 1975 he said that he would still vote for the PCI because he felt it was "an island where critical consciousness is always desperately defended: and where human behaviour has been still able to preserve the old dignity", and in his final months he became close to the Rome section of the Italian Communist Youth Federation. A Federation activist, Vincenzo Cerami, delivered the speech he was due to give at the Radical Party congress: in it, Pasolini confirmed his Marxism and his support for the PCI.
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Klejn consistently advocates its decriminalisation and de- medicalisation but at the same time, as distinct of other liberal figures, he a) considers homosexuality in its biological respect a pathology (while, in cultural respects, norms of behaviour are conventional and culturally dependent); b) he does not consider gay-pride actions (mistakenly called in Russia gay-parades) to be reasonable and appropriate (actions in defence of the civil rights of gays are another issue); c) he is sharply critical of the homosexual sub-culture. His book The Other Love considers various theories and views on homosexuality from ancient times to the present, theories about the origins of homosexuality, and the evolution of homosexuality in various societies and in various historical periods. The book Another Side of the Luminary considers the unusual love of outstanding personalities. Specifically it is devoted to homosexuality in the life stories of well-known Russian figures, from Ivan the Terrible to Rudolf Nureev.
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The report "The Impact of the Prostitution Reform Act on the Health and Safety Practices of Sex Workers: Report to the Prostitution Law Review Committee" from the Christchurch School of Medicine is a study of 772 sex workers in New Zealand, covering Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch as main urban centres, and Nelson and the Hawkes Bay as secondary centres. It and studies by the Crime and Justice Research Centre at Victoria University provided the Prostitution Law Review Committee with the evidence that it required to reach a conclusion about the effect of the Prostitution Reform Act 2003 on sex workers. The researchers described this process further in a 2010 book titled "Taking the crime out of sex work- New Zealand sex workers' fight for decriminalisation". It was written by Gillian Abel (a senior public health researcher and lecturer at the University of Otago, New Zealand), Lisa Fitzgerald (a public health sociologist and social science lecturer in the School of Population Health, University of Queensland), and Catherine Healy (a founding member of the New Zealand Prostitutes' Collective).
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Richard Dawkins accepting the Services to Humanism award at Humanists UK Annual Conference in 2012 Humanists UK has supported the rights for those who need assistance in ending their own lives, and lobbied parliament for a change in the law, on behalf of Tony Nicklinson and Paul Lamb, in their 'Right to Die' legal cases. In 2014, it intervened in a Supreme Court case in which the court stated it would rule again on a potential declaration of incompatibility between restrictions on the right to die and the Human Rights Act should Parliament fail to legislate decisively. In February 2019 they helped form the Assisted Dying Coalition, a group of like-minded campaign groups seeking to legalise assisted dying for the terminally ill or incurably suffering. Persistent campaigns include defending legal abortion in Great Britain and securing its decriminalisation and its legalisation in Northern Ireland, defending embryonic stem cell research for medical purposes, challenging the state funding of homeopathy through the National Health Service, and calling for consistent and humane law on the slaughter of animals.
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Although British influences on Australian political culture were still noticeable in the sixties, there does not seem to have been any local response to the Wolfenden Committee and its hesitant recommendation of the decriminalisation of male homosexuality in the United Kingdom. Some historians have attributed this to the 'convict stain' that tied erasure of white Australia's convict past to comparable amnesia about greater allowance for sex between men than would exist after consolidated settlement and colonisation beganBabette Smith: Australia's Birthstain: The Startling Legacy of the Convict Era: Sydney: Allen and Unwin: 2008 Gay and lesbian rights movement groups were not organised in Australia until the late 1960s. The ACT Homosexual Law Reform Society, a humanist organisation based in Canberra which was formed in mid 1969; and an Australian arm of the Daughters of Bilitis, which formed in Melbourne in January 1970, are considered Australia's first gay rights organisations. However, it was a Sydney organisation, the Campaign Against Moral Persecution (C.A.M.P.), which was founded in Sydney in June 1970 that was to galvanise the early gay rights movement in Australia.
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Tue 15 Oct 2019 Cate Faehrmann of the Australian Greens, gave a Notice of Motion to introduce the Cannabis Industry Bill 2019 to legalise cannabis and cannabis products; to regulate the sale, supply and advertising of cannabis and cannabis products; and for other purposes in New South Wales. On the 14 of November 2019, the Senate referred an inquiry titled the current barriers around patient access to the Senate Community Affairs Reference Committee, On 26 March 2020 the inquiry recommend amnesty for "possession and/or cultivation of cannabis for genuine self medication purposes". In 2019 the Queensland government instructed the Queensland Productivity Commission to conduct an enquiry into imprisonment and recidivism in QLD, the final report was sent to the Queensland Government on 1 August 2019 and publicly released on 31 January 2020. The commission found that "all available evidence shows the war on drugs fails to restrict usage or supply" and that "decriminalisation would improve the lives of drug users without increasing the rate of drug use" with the commission ultimately recommending that the Queensland government legalise cannabis.
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Most public opinion polls, which were first introduced in 1984, demonstrate a lack of understanding of the law, which could influence responses. The polls have also been frequently cited misleadingly. A 2006 opinion poll showed that 68% of Canadians consider prostitution to be "immoral" (76% of women and 59% of men). In 2009, an online survey of a representative national sample of 1,003 Canadian adults conducted by Angus Reid Public Opinion showed that prostitution was considered "morally acceptable" by 42% of Canadians, but there were differences by age and gender. Young people were the most critical of prostitution: only 36% of those aged 18–34 considered prostitution "morally acceptable", compared to 45% of those aged 35–54, and 44% of those older than 55. 29% of women saw prostitution as acceptable, compared to 56% of men. 60% of respondents supported allowing indoor work. Only 16% supported the status quo, 25% supported prohibition, while 50% supported decriminalisation. In 2012, 21% of respondents to an Ipsos Reid poll (1,004 adults between March 30 and April 1) strongly agreed and 44% somewhat agreed that prostitution in brothels should be legal, while 20% strongly disagreed and 15% somewhat disagreed (65 for, 35 against).
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In 2012 the Australian Senate passed a motion recommending that all states and territories "enact legislation that expressly purges convictions imposed on people prior to the decriminalisation of homosexual conduct". Since that time, most Australian jurisdictions introduced expungement schemes to have such convictions removed from a person's record. When asked in 2014 whether Queensland would follow suit, then-Attorney General Jarrod Bleijie initially stated there were "no plans" to do so, before subsequently confirming that he would have an "open mind" to reviewing the law following discussions with the state's LGBTI Legal Service. No action was taken until the election of the Palaszczuk Labor Government, which announced in January 2016 that it had referred to the Queensland Law Reform Commission (QLRC) the issue of expunging historical consensual homosexual sex crimes. The commission reported back to the government on 31 August 2016 with a series of recommendations. On 29 November 2016 the Attorney General tabled the report to Parliament and released draft legislation aimed at allowing men convicted or charged with historical homosexual convictions and "certain historical public morality offences" to apply to have their convictions struck from the public record.
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A same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom has been the subject of wide debate since the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Britain. Previous legislation in England and Wales had prevented same-sex marriage, including the Marriage Act 1949 which defined marriage as between a man and a woman, the Nullity of Marriage Act 1971 which explicitly banned same-sex marriages, and the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 which reiterated the provisions of the Nullity of Marriage Act. While civil partnerships were established nationwide, marriage law is a devolved matter in the United Kingdom and therefore the legislative procedure of same-sex marriage differs by jurisdiction. The Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013, which allows same-sex marriage in England and Wales, was passed by the UK Parliament in July 2013 and came into force on 13 March 2014, with the first same-sex marriages taking place on 29 March 2014. The Marriage and Civil Partnership (Scotland) Act 2014, allowing same-sex marriage in Scotland, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in February 2014 and came into effect on 16 December 2014.
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Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA) Regional Director Hala al- Karib praised the Act "as a good step in the right direction", but urged the transitional government to press on with more reforms, pointing out that the guardianship system was still enforced through other legislation such as 'passports, immigration and the issuance of official documents and even the record of deaths and births'. Al-Karib also called upon the government to sign, ratify and abide by the provisions of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol). Other activists claimed there were still other forms of 'legal discrimination' that made women vulnerable to violence such as 'marital rape, and [being] prevented from leaving the home, working, choosing where to live, and [being] treated less equally by other family members.' Sudanese LGBT+ activists hailed the abolition of the death penalty and flogging for anal sex as a 'great first step', but said it was not enough yet, and the end goal should be the decriminalisation of gay sexual activity altogether.
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On other issues such as marriage between people of the same sex, he has said that he is in favour of allowing civil union, but differentiating it from conventional marriage; on immigration he has proposed controls for those with criminal records, but to facilitate the entry of foreigners for tourism, investment, or humanitarian reasons; and on the decriminalisation of drugs he maintains that a national debate is necessary to propose alternatives in the face of the failure of the war on drugs; on issues of environmental conservation he states that he will keep the Yasuní Amazon reserve free of oil exploitation. He also declares himself an enemy of the 21st century socialism promoted from Venezuela and Cuba, whose Ecuadorian chapter identifies with the Citizens' Revolution led by Rafael Correa. Lasso has called the supranational organisation ALBA a "third world empire". In response to his criticism of the Ecuadorian government's anti-capitalist discourse and measures, President Correa and other officials and members of Alianza PAIS have questioned Guillermo Lasso by portraying him as a representative of the political forces that governed Ecuador before his party came to power in 2007, and pointing out that Lasso's tax proposals are irresponsible with the state budget.
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