But a continuous feed of show after show, a thematically decremented flow of televisual paste, would undivide my time back into a simpler act: Watching TV. Consuming culture, whether in a half-remembered rerun, a favorite movie, or something that just looks like it might be good.
|
|
In single mode only one byte is transferred per request. For every transfer, the counting register is decremented and address is incremented or decremented depending on programming. When the counting register reaches zero, the terminal count TC signal is sent to the card.books.google.com - Advanced Microprocessors And Peripherals, 2006 p312/313pinouts.
|
|
Thus, the Topklasse and leagues below it decremented by one level, and furthermore, promotion and relegation between the Tweede Divisie and the Topklasse were implemented.
|
|
The simplest extreme is the sequential access pattern, where data is read, processed, and written out with straightforward incremented/decremented addressing. These access patterns are highly amenable to prefetching.
|
|
NaN as operand produces always NaN results. Inf − Inf and (−Inf) + Inf results in NaN too (green area). Inf can be augmented and decremented by finite values without change. Sums with finite operands can give an infinite result (i.e.
|
|
Jonathan S. Turner is credited with the original description of the leaky bucket algorithm and describes it as follows: "A counter associated with each user transmitting on a connection is incremented whenever the user sends a packet and is decremented periodically. If the counter exceeds a threshold upon being incremented, the network discards the packet. The user specifies the rate at which the counter is decremented (this determines the average bandwidth) and the value of the threshold (a measure of burstiness)". The bucket (analogous to the counter) is in this case used as a meter to test the conformance of packets, rather than as a queue to directly control them.
|
|
When the problems, causes and solutions have been identified, steps are performed to solve the problems. Network statistics are also an important step in analysis and troubleshooting of RF issues. Every node (BTS, BSC, MSC) has its own counters some of which are incremented/decremented on occurrence of different events e.g. a dropped call due to low signal strength.
|
|
Reference counting garbage collection is where each object has a count of the number of references to it. Garbage is identified by having a reference count of zero. An object's reference count is incremented when a reference to it is created, and decremented when a reference is destroyed. When the count reaches zero, the object's memory is reclaimed.
|
|
This change in the league system was approved in a KNVB assembly in December 2014. Thus, the Topklasse and leagues below it decremented by one level, and furthermore, promotion and relegation between the Tweede Divisie and the Topklasse became effective from next season. From next season the Topklasse carries the name Derde Divisie and competes as the fourth division.
|
|
Z is not decremented but incremented. This was the first reported nuclear reaction, 14N + α → 17O + p. Depending on one's perspective, either 1919 or 1925 may be regarded as the moment when the proton was 'discovered'. Rutherford knew hydrogen to be the simplest and lightest element and was influenced by Prout's hypothesis that hydrogen was the building block of all elements.
|
|
Ownership means that mutex can only be "incremented" back (set to 1) by the same process that "decremented" it (set to 0), and all other tasks wait until mutex is available for decrement (effectively meaning that resource is available), which ensures mutual exclusivity and avoids deadlock. Thus using mutexes improperly can stall many processes when exclusive access is not required, but mutex is used instead of semaphore.
|
|
In a stepped sweep, one variable input parameter (frequency or amplitude) is incremented or decremented in discrete steps. After each change, the analyzer waits until a stable reading is detected before switching to the next step. The scaling of the steps is linear or logarithmic. Since the settling time of different test objects cannot be predicted, the duration of a stepped sweep cannot be determined exactly in advance.
|
|
Starting with a large trial divisor, it performed division of 262,144 by repeated subtraction then checked if the remainder was zero. If not, it decremented the trial divisor by one and repeated the process. Google released a tribute to the Manchester Baby, celebrating it as the "birth of software". In the late 1950s and early 1960s, a popular innovation was the development of computer languages such as Fortran, COBOL and BASIC.
|
|
Reset ports and interrupts are very important, as they can be triggered by rising/falling edges or high/low potential at the interrupt port. Transient disturbances can lead to unwanted resets or trigger interrupts, and thus cause the entire system to crash. For every triggered interrupt, the instruction pointer is saved on the stack, and the stack pointer is decremented. Try to reduce the amount of edge triggered interrupts.
|
|
Semaphores solve the problem of lost wakeup calls. In the solution below we use two semaphores, `fillCount` and `emptyCount`, to solve the problem. `fillCount` is the number of items already in the buffer and available to be read, while `emptyCount` is the number of available spaces in the buffer where items could be written. `fillCount` is incremented and `emptyCount` decremented when a new item is put into the buffer.
|
|
Otherwise the next instruction is taken in sequence. `TOV` _(Transfer on Overflow)_ : If the overflow indicator is set, the next instruction is taken from memory. `AXT N` _(Address to Index)_ : The Index Register is set to N. `TIX` _(Test Index and Transfer)_ : If the Index Register is positive, it is decremented by one and the next instruction is taken from memory. `DLY` _(Delay)_ : Execution stops until a timing signal is received.
|
|
A Bruceton analysis is one way of analyzing sensitivity and sensitiveness tests of explosives as described originally by Dixon and Mood in 1948. Also known as the "Up and Down Test" or "the staircase method", a Bruceton analysis relies upon two parameters: first stimulus and step size. A stimulus is provided to the sample, and the results noted. If a positive result is noted, then the stimulus is decremented by the step size.
|
|
When the asynchronous task completes, the operating system identifies the thread containing the requesting active object, and wakes it up. An "active scheduler" in the thread identifies the object that made the request, and passes control back to that object. The implementation of active objects in Symbian is based around each thread having a "request semaphore". This is incremented when a thread makes an asynchronous request, and decremented when the request is completed.
|
|
The cards are dealt to the tableau in columns of four. The foundation (the "row") can be started from any column, and afterwards it is built with cards incremented or decremented from the previous card by one (where kings and aces wrap). Only the top cards of each pile in the tableau are available for play. The game ends if there are no more top cards that can be moved to the Black Hole.
|
|
Another feature is the one-second-precision 24-hour clock. Estimated arrival time with 1s precision, distance traveled which is incremented every and estimated distance to arrival that is also decremented with same value, Page 2 displayed the vehicle position along the map. Vehicle location indication is calculated from distance traveled. The accuracy of the vehicle location is dependent of the digital map construction and the accuracy of the local map used to construct the digital map.
|
|
Only registered users can edit an article, and those edits are subject to approval by the curator of the article, who is typically the author. Curatorship is transferable. Users have a curator index attribute which is incremented or decremented by various activities and which affects the user's capabilities on the website. After October 20, 2011, anyone can propose an article for Scholarpedia, but articles must be sponsored by Editors or Curators before the article can be published.
|
|
The pointers in vector L are used to insert the cycle-leader into the correct class, and the class's pointer in L is decremented after each insertion. Inserting the cycle-leader will evict another element from array A, which will be classified and inserted into another location and so on. The cycle terminates when an element is inserted into the cycle-leader's starting location. An element is a valid cycle-leader if it has not yet been classified.
|
|
If the subscriber is on a prepaid tariff (sometimes known as Pay As You Go (PAYG) or Pay & Go), then an additional check is made to see if the subscriber has enough credit to proceed. If not, the call is rejected. If the call is allowed to continue, then it is continually monitored and the appropriate amount is decremented from the subscriber's account. When the credit reaches zero, the call is cut off by the network.
|
|
With the advent of the new "smart" TNCs, the stations that used to be "WIDE" became "WIDEn-N." This means a packet with a path of WIDE2-2 would be repeated through the first station as WIDE2-2, but the path will be modified (decremented) to WIDE2-1 for the next station to repeat. The packet stops being repeated when the "-N" portion of the path reaches "-0." This new protocol has caused the old RELAY and WIDE paths to become obsolete.
|
|
The triggering of maskable interrupts can be stopped in some time-critical functions. If an interrupt is called, the current instruction pointer (IP) is saved on the stack, and the stack pointer (SP) is decremented. The address of the interrupt service routine (ISR) is read from the interrupt vector table and loaded to the IP register, and the ISR is executed as a consequence. :If interrupts—due to disturbances—are generated faster than processed, the stack grows until all memory is used.
|
|
For each vertex we store the list of adjacencies (out-edges) in order of the planarity of the graph (for example, clockwise with respect to the graph's embedding). We then initialize a counter i = n + 1 and begin a Depth-First Traversal from s. During this traversal, the adjacency list of each vertex is visited from left-to-right as needed. As vertices are popped from the traversal's stack, they are labelled with the value i, and i is then decremented.
|
|
Riak Enterprise 1.2 added SSL encryption, better balancing and more granular control of replication across multiple data centers. In March 2013, Basho released portions of Riak CS code to open source. Basho also announced the commercial version of Riak CS Enterprise, adding multi-datacenter replication, monitoring tools, and 24x7 support. Riak 1.4 featured PN-Counters, which was the database's first distributed data type, PN-Counters are eventually consistent and can be incremented and decremented on any node across the cluster.
|
|
IP in IP is an IP tunneling protocol that encapsulates one IP packet in another IP packet. To encapsulate an IP packet in another IP packet, an outer header is added with `SourceIP`, the entry point of the tunnel and the `Destination` point, the exit point of the tunnel. While doing this, the inner packet is unmodified (except the `TTL` field, which is decremented). The `Don't Fragment` and the `Type Of Service` fields should be copied to the outer packet.
|
|
Although the 8080 is generally an 8-bit processor, it also has limited abilities to perform 16-bit operations: Any of the three 16-bit register pairs (BC, DE, or HL, referred to as B, D, H in Intel documents) or SP can be loaded with an immediate 16-bit value (using ), incremented or decremented (using and ), or added to HL (using ). The 8080 instruction encoding. ClassicCMP.org. Retrieved on October 23, 2011. instruction exchanges the values of the HL and DE register pairs.
|
|
If the real counter is doubled, that is equivalent to incrementing a, and if it's halved, that's equivalent to decrementing a. By a similar procedure, it can be multiplied or divided by 3, which is equivalent to incrementing or decrementing b. Similarly, c and d can be incremented or decremented. To check if a virtual counter such as c is equal to zero, just divide the real counter by 5, see what the remainder is, then multiply by 5 and add back the remainder.
|
|
If the interval timer feature is installed, the processor decrements the word at location 80 ('50'X) at regular intervals; the architecture does not specify the interval but does require that value subtracted make it appear as though 1 were subtracted from bit 23 300 times per second. The smaller models decremented at the same frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz) as the AC power supply, but larger models had a high resolution timer feature. The processor causes an External interruption when the timer goes to zero.
|
|
Although the 8085 is an 8-bit processor, it has some 16-bit operations. Any of the three 16-bit register pairs (BC, DE, HL or SP) can be loaded with an immediate 16-bit value (using LXI), incremented or decremented (using INX and DCX), or added to HL (using DAD). LHLD loads HL from directly addressed memory and SHLD stores HL likewise. The XCHG operation exchanges the values of HL and DE. Adding HL to itself performs a 16-bit arithmetical left shift with one instruction.
|
|
The 2016–17 Derde Divisie season is the first edition of the new Dutch fourth tier, formerly called Topklasse, since the restructuring of the league system in the summer of 2016. This change in the league system was approved in a KNVB assembly in December 2014. A new semi-professional level Tweede Divisie was added at the third tier, thus the Derde Divisie and leagues below it decremented by one level, and furthermore, promotion and relegation between the Tweede Divisie and the new Derde Divisie became effective.
|
|
In addition to generating interrupts, the timer output could also be gated to the second I/O port. As configured in the Commodore 64 and Commodore 128, the CIA's timing was controlled by the phase two system clock, nominally one MHz. This meant that the timers decremented at approximately one microsecond intervals, the exact time period being determined by whether the system used the NTSC or PAL video standard. In the C-128, clock stretching was employed so the CIA's timing was unaffected by whether the system was running in SLOW or FAST mode.
|
|
Now suppose that the A_i is unclassified and could be legally inserted into the index indicated by its class pointer, which would replace a classified element in another class. This is impossible since the initial pointers of each class are their upper bounds, which ensures that the exact needed amount of space is allocated for each class on the array A. Therefore, every element in A_i’s class, including A_i itself, has already been classified. Also, if an element has already been classified, the class's pointer would have been decremented below the element's new index.
|
|
In this mode the full power of the system is always available to the customer (although they may administratively limit that). The usage is accumulated over a month and then the reported usage is submitted to Unisys billing. Depending on the specific contract terms the client may receive a bill for excess usage above some contracted baseline for the month or just a statement showing that the total contracted usage has been decremented. The first form is like a cell phone bill with the potential for charging for excess minutes.
|
|
Diagram of a counter automaton. Each cell of its stack either contains an "A" or a space symbol. In computer science, more particular in the theory of formal languages, a counter automaton, or counter machine, is a pushdown automaton with only two symbols, A and the initial symbol in \Gamma, the finite set of stack symbols. Equivalently, a counter automaton is a nondeterministic finite automaton with an additional memory cell that can hold one nonnegative integer number (of unlimited size), which can be incremented, decremented, and tested for being zero.
|
|
Each frame has a maximum hop count, which is determined to be greater than the diameter of the network graph, and is decremented by each bridge. to avoid indefinite looping of AR frames, frames are dropped when this hop count reaches zero. The first AR frame that reaches its destination is considered to have followed the best route, and the route can be used for subsequent SR frames; the other AR frames are discarded. This method of locating a destination network can allow for indirect load balancing among multiple bridges connecting two networks.
|
|
The DRR scans all non empty queues in sequence. When a non empty queue i is selected, its deficit counter is incremented by its quantum value. Then, the value of the deficit counter is a maximal amount of bytes that can be sent at this turn: if the deficit counter is greater than the packet's size at the head of the queue (HoQ), this packet can be sent and the value of the counter is decremented by the packet size. Then, the size of the next packet is compared to the counter value, etc.
|
|
After 4 pulses the delay is transferred into the range gate generation system, and the target continues to be tracked. After the target has reached a range of , 4 zones minus , the delay is removed from the system. At that point the range is such that the zone counter will have been decremented by 1 and the apparent range will be , but with the target at a real range of 3 zones plus the apparent range. Obviously, for an opening target the zone counter will be incremented and the apparent range will be slightly more than .
|
|
Huffman-code bit lengths are required to reconstruct each of the used canonical Huffman tables. Each bit length is stored as an encoded difference against the previous-code bit length. A zero bit (0) means that the previous bit length should be duplicated for the current code, whilst a one bit (1) means that a further bit should be read and the bit length incremented or decremented based on that value. In the common case a single bit is used per symbol per table and the worst case—going from length 1 to length 20—would require approximately 37 bits.
|
|
Plans for a new, amateur Tweede Divisie, to be made up of 4 reserve teams and 14 Topklasse clubs, were approved in a KNVB assembly in December 2014. Thus, the Topklasse, renamed the Derde Divisie (), and leagues below decremented by one level, and furthermore, promotion and relegation among the second to fourth divisions were implemented starting in 2016-17. Despite its amateurism, the league obligates its clubs to have a minimum number of players under contract. No first team will be promoted to the Eerste Divisie until after 2022–23, but from the end of 2020–21, the highest-ranked second (i.e.
|
|
If the system call cannot complete before the access, then it must be restartable. This means that the context is backed up to the point of entry to the system call, while the call arguments are updated to reflect whatever portion of the operation has already been completed. For an I/O operation, this means that the buffer start address must be advanced over the data already transferred, while the length of data to be transferred must be decremented accordingly. After the Process B interaction is complete, Process A can resume execution, and the system call resumes from where it left off.
|
|
Francesco Panetta, Salvatore Antibo and Vainio started their pursuit a little bit later and were not able to properly challenge Kipkoech. Subsequently, Kipkoech was far ahead of the other runners and the officials decremented the lap table, which displays the remaining laps for the runners, immediately after Kipkoech passed the finish line after each round. As a result, Vainio and some other runners became confused about the remaining laps, started their sprint 400 metres too early and finished the race after 9600 metres. Some runners continued the race after their "first finish", but Vainio was too tired to realize the situation.
|
|
On 12 May 2010, it was announced that BV Veendam had declared bankruptcy, possibly giving (otherwise relegated) FC Oss a chance to stay in the Eerste Divisie, with the extra slot filled by another Hoofdklasse club. Veendam's bankruptcy was then reversed on appeal, thus confirming FC Oss' relegation into the Topklasse. After the 2015–16 season promotion to the reintroduced Tweede Divisie, placed between the Eerste Divisie and the Topklasse, renamed Derde Divisie, was implemented. Thus, the Derde Divisie and lower leagues were decremented by one step in the pyramid, with the latter expanding to 36 clubs, 18 in each division.
|
|
A scatter plot can be used either when one continuous variable that is under the control of the experimenter and the other depends on it or when both continuous variables are independent. If a parameter exists that is systematically incremented and/or decremented by the other, it is called the control parameter or independent variable and is customarily plotted along the horizontal axis. The measured or dependent variable is customarily plotted along the vertical axis. If no dependent variable exists, either type of variable can be plotted on either axis and a scatter plot will illustrate only the degree of correlation (not causation) between two variables.
|
|
The CPU architecture featured three register sets. The Nest was a 16-deep pushdown stack of arithmetic registers, The SJNS (Subroutine Jump Nesting Store) was a similar stack of return addresses. The Q Store was a set of 16 index registers, each of 48 bits divided into Counter (C), Increment (I) and Modifier (M) parts of 16 bits each. Flags on a memory-reference instruction specified whether the address should be modified by the M part of a Q Store, and, if so, whether the C part should be decremented by 1 and the M part incremented by the contents of the I part.
|
|
For instance, if the points were far apart the output would have pulses with every clock cycle, whereas closely spaced points would only generate pulses after multiple clock cycles. The pulses were sent into a summing register in the motor controllers, counting up by the number of pulses every time they were received. The summing registers were connected to a digital to analog converter that increased power to the motors as the count in the registers increased, making the controls move faster. The registers were decremented by encoders attached to the motors and the mill itself, which would reduce the count by one for every one degree of rotation.
|
|
Buffer credits, also called buffer-to-buffer credits (BBC) are used as a flow control method by Fibre Channel technology and represent the number of frames a port can store. Each time a port transmits a frame that port's BB Credit is decremented by one; for each R_RDY received, that port's BB Credit is incremented by one. If the BB Credit is zero the corresponding node cannot transmit until an R_RDY is received back. The benefits of a large data buffer are particularly evident in long distance applications, when operating at higher data rates (2Gbit/s, 4Gbit/s), or in systems with a heavily loaded PCI bus.
|
|
A trivial semaphore is a plain variable that is changed (for example, incremented or decremented, or toggled) depending on programmer-defined conditions. A useful way to think of a semaphore as used in the real-world system is as a record of how many units of a particular resource are available, coupled with operations to adjust that record safely (i.e., to avoid race conditions) as units are acquired or become free, and, if necessary, wait until a unit of the resource becomes available. Semaphores are a useful tool in the prevention of race conditions; however, their use is by no means a guarantee that a program is free from these problems.
|
|
This counter is used only to check that the traffic or events conform to the limits: The counter is incremented as each packet arrives at the point where the check is being made or an event occurs, which is equivalent to the way water is added intermittently to the bucket. The counter is also decremented at a fixed rate, equivalent to the way the water leaks out of the bucket. As a result, the value in the counter represents the level of the water in the analogous bucket. If the counter remains below a specified limit value when a packet arrives or an event occurs, i.e.
|
|
A circular-buffer implementation may be optimized by mapping the underlying buffer to two contiguous regions of virtual memory. (Naturally, the underlying buffer‘s length must then equal some multiple of the system’s page size.) Reading from and writing to the circular buffer may then be carried out with greater efficiency by means of direct memory access; those accesses which fall beyond the end of the first virtual-memory region will automatically wrap around to the beginning of the underlying buffer. When the read offset is advanced into the second virtual-memory region, both offsets—read and write—are decremented by the length of the underlying buffer.
|
|
Only eight bytes of that range are used at any given time, determined by the two bank select bits in the PSW. The following is a partial list of the 8051's registers, which are memory-mapped into the special function register space: ; Stack pointer, SP (0x81): This is an 8-bit register used by subroutine call and return instructions. The stack grows upward; the SP is incremented before pushing, and decremented after popping a value. ; Data pointer, DP (0x82–83): This is a 16-bit register that is used for accessing PMEM and XRAM. ; Program status word, PSW (0xD0): This contains important status flags, by bit number: ; Accumulator, A (0xE0): This register is used by most instructions.
|
|
The player can assign each character in their party to perform an action, such as attacking an enemy or using items to restore HP or PP. Some characters can utilize psychic-based abilities referred to as PSI, which includes stronger attacks and healing abilities, and require PP to execute. Like EarthBound, combat uses a "rolling health" system: when one of the player's characters is injured, its HP will gradually "roll" down, similar to an odometer, rather than immediately decremented. This allows a mortally wounded character to perform actions like attacking or healing themselves, as long as the player acts quickly enough. If a character loses all HP, it will become unconscious and cannot participate unless revived by another character.
|
|
As a member of the Intel MCS-85 device family, the 8237 is an 8-bit device with 16-bit addressing. However, it is compatible with the 8086/88 microprocessors. The IBM PC and PC XT models (machine types 5150 and 5160) have an 8088 CPU and an 8-bit system bus architecture; the latter interfaces directly to the 8237, but the 8088 has a 20-bit address bus, so four additional 4-bit address latches, one for each DMA channel, are added alongside the 8237 to augment the address counters. However, because these external latches are separate from the 8237 address counters, they are never automatically incremented or decremented during DMA operations, making it impossible to perform a DMA operation across a 64 KiB address boundary.
|
|
Each of the solid tori is from the homotopy point of view a circle. If we just write down the Betti numbers :1, 1, 0, 0 of the circle (up to H_3, since we are in the 3-sphere), then reverse as :0, 0, 1, 1 and then shift one to the left to get :0, 1, 1, 0 there is a difficulty, since we are not getting what we started with. On the other hand the same procedure applied to the reduced Betti numbers, for which the initial Betti number is decremented by 1, starts with :0, 1, 0, 0 and gives :0, 0, 1, 0 whence :0, 1, 0, 0. This does work out, predicting the complement's reduced Betti numbers.
|
|
The Cantor set consists of the points from 0 to 1 that have a ternary expression that does not contain any instance of the digit 1. Any terminating expansion in the ternary system is equivalent to the expression that is identical up to the term preceding the last non-zero term followed by the term one less than the last nonzero term of the first expression, followed by an infinite tail of twos. For example: 0.1020 is equivalent to 0.1012222... because the expansions are the same until the "two" of the first expression, the two was decremented in the second expansion, and trailing zeros were replaced with trailing twos in the second expression. Ternary is the integer base with the lowest radix economy, followed closely by binary and quaternary.
|
|
In other words, we need a way to execute a critical section with mutual exclusion. The solution for multiple producers and consumers is shown below. mutex buffer_mutex; // similar to "semaphore buffer_mutex = 1", but different (see notes below) semaphore fillCount = 0; semaphore emptyCount = BUFFER_SIZE; procedure producer() { while (true) { item = produceItem(); down(emptyCount); down(buffer_mutex); putItemIntoBuffer(item); up(buffer_mutex); up(fillCount); } } procedure consumer() { while (true) { down(fillCount); down(buffer_mutex); item = removeItemFromBuffer(); up(buffer_mutex); up(emptyCount); consumeItem(item); } } Notice that the order in which different semaphores are incremented or decremented is essential: changing the order might result in a deadlock. It is important to note here that though mutex seems to work as a semaphore with value of 1 (binary semaphore), but there is difference in the fact that mutex has ownership concept.
|
|
In this interpretation, a change of variable does not always imply a change of the qualitative aspects of the system behavior and therefore does not lead to a change of state. State machines supplemented with extended state variables are called extended state machines and UML state machines belong to this category. Extended state machines can apply the underlying formalism to much more complex problems than is practical without including extended state variables. For example, if we have to implement some kind of limit in our FSM (say, limiting number of keystrokes on keyboard to 1000), without extended state we'd need to create and process 1000 states - which is not practical; however, with an extended state machine we can introduce a `key_count` variable, which is initialized to 1000 and decremented by every keystroke without changing state variable.
|
|
Register model The 1802 is an 8-bit byte machine, with minimal support for 16-bit operations, except via 2-byte manipulation. The primary accumulator is the 8-bit 'D' register (Data register). The single bit carry flag is DF (Data Flag). Most operations use the D register, including arithmetic and logic functions, and memory referencing load and store instructions. Most 16-bit operations have to work on the lower byte and then the upper byte, via D, using the DF as carry and borrow as needed. Instructions allow the get and put of the upper and lower bytes of the sixteen 16-bit registers via D. However, the 16-bit registers can be incremented and decremented with single instructions, and a few instructions perform automatic increment and decrement, like LDA (load advance) and STXD (store via X and decrement).
|
|
Lists of commands can be surrounded with parentheses to create macros. For instance, the same square can be drawn by placing the code to draw one side of the square inside the parentheses, and then calling it four times: BCWHN4(25F2R) Macros can be called within other macros. For instance, this code draws a series of eight squares, each offset by 45 degrees, rotating around the center of the screen: BCWHN8(4(25F2R)R) Macros can be assigned a name using the efine command (Extended WSFN used instead). This code defines a macro named "X" to clear the screen and reset the drawing, and another "Z" that draws a square. It then uses these to draw the same rotating square as the example above: DX(BCWHN) DZ4(25F2R) X8(ZR) WSFN has rudimentary math capabilities consisting of a single accumulator that can be incremented and decremented with and .
|
|
The following pseudocode guarantees synchronization between barber and customer and is deadlock free, but may lead to starvation of a customer. The problem of starvation can be solved by utilizing a queue where customers are added as they arrive, so that barber can serve them on a first come first served basis (FIFO => First In, First Out) The functions wait() and signal() are functions provided by the semaphores. In c-code notation, a wait() is a P() and a signal() is a V(). # The first two are mutexes (only 0 or 1 possible) Semaphore barberReady = 0 Semaphore accessWRSeats = 1 # if 1, the number of seats in the waiting room can be incremented or decremented Semaphore custReady = 0 # the number of customers currently in the waiting room, ready to be served int numberOfFreeWRSeats = N # total number of seats in the waiting room def Barber(): while true: # Run in an infinite loop.
|
|
Blackfin offers two zero-overhead loops. The loops can be nested; if both hardware loops are configured with the same "loop end" address, loop 1 will behave as the inner loop and repeat, and loop 0 will behave as the outer loop and repeat only if loop 1 would not repeat. Loops are controlled using the and registers ( either 0 to 1) to set the top and bottom of the loop — that is, the first and last instructions to be executed, which can be the same for a loop with only one instruction — and for the loop count. The loop repeats if is nonzero at the end of the loop, in which case is decremented. The loop registers can be set manually, but this would typically consume 6 bytes to load the registers, and 8–16 bytes to set up the values to be loaded.
|
|
Further, constructors and initializers may take arguments, while destructors and finalizers generally do not, as they are usually called implicitly. In common usage, a constructor is a method directly called explicitly by user code to create an object, while "destructor" is the subroutine called (usually implicitly, but sometimes explicitly) on object destruction in languages with deterministic object lifetimes – the archetype is C++ – and "finalizer" is the subroutine called implicitly by the garbage collector on object destruction in languages with non-deterministic object lifetime – the archetype is Java. The steps during finalization vary significantly depending on memory management: in manual memory management (as in C++, or manual reference counting), references need to be explicitly destroyed by the programmer (references cleared, reference counts decremented); in automatic reference counting, this also happens during finalization, but is automated (as in Python, when it occurs after programmer- specified finalizers have been called); and in tracing garbage collection this is not necessary. Thus in automatic reference counting, programmer-specified finalizers are often short or absent, but significant work may still be done, while in tracing garbage collectors finalization is often unnecessary.
|
|