On Saturday, Decodings and Continuum features Mariah Garnett's 2014 film Encounters I May or May Not Have Had with Peter Berlin, capturing the artist's infatuation with the '70s gay sex symbol, and Dominic Angerame's experimental city symphony Continuum (1987), with other films from Guvnor Nelson, Cauleen Smith, and Canyon Cinema founders Baillie and Chick Strand.
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Two possible decodings of this encoded string are thus given by cdb and babe. In general, a codeword can be found by the following idea: In the first round, we choose two codewords x_1 and y_1 such that x_1 is a prefix of y_1, that is, x_1w = y_1 for some "dangling suffix" w. If one tries first x_1=011 and y_1=01110, the dangling suffix is w = 10.
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He was born at Delhi, Ontario, on 16 August 1897.Social Security Death Index He studied at Harvard University, where he obtained a B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. He went on to hold a number of academic posts. Hotson was known for his tenacious archival research and his interest in coded information. He had a number of notable successes, but not all of his "decodings" have been accepted by other scholars.
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Communication theorist Stuart Hall argues that there are three positions that people may take upon decoding a television message. He argues three different positions because "decodings do not follow inevitably from encodings". Thus, just because a message is encoded on television in a particular way, it does not mean it will be decoded in its intended format. This lays the foundation for Hall's hypothetical positions—he needs multiple positions because there are multiple interpretations that could occur.
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The algorithm can be implemented using a pattern matching machine. The algorithm can also be implemented to run on a nondeterministic Turing machine that uses only logarithmic space; the problem of testing unique decipherability is NL-complete, so this space bound is optimal. proves that the complementary problem, of testing for the existence of a string with two decodings, is NL-complete, and therefore that unique decipherability is co-NL-complete. The equivalence of NL-completeness and co-NL-completeness follows from the Immerman–Szelepcsényi theorem.
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Likewise, many graphemes in English have multiple pronunciations and decodings, such as ough in words like thr, th, tht, thor, t, tr, pl, and c. There are 13 ways of spelling the schwa (the most common of all phonemes in English), 12 ways to spell and 11 ways to spell . These kinds of incoherences can be found throughout the English lexicon and they even vary between dialects. Masha Bell has analyzed 7000 common words and found that about 1/2 cause spelling and pronunciation difficulties and about 1/3 cause decoding difficulties.
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Two sound-based works were produced in 1971: one for the giant mixed exhibition called Art Spectrum London at Alexandra Palace, London, that featured John Lennon and Yoko Ono amongst many others; another for the Edinburgh International Festival. Herring's subsequent works concentrate on encodings, decodings and meta-language, but the elements of chance and process are still present. In 1970 Herring exhibited in Idea Structures with Keith Arnatt, Terry Atkinson, David Bainbridge, Victor Burgin, Harold Hurrell and Joseph Kosuth at the Camden Arts Centre. His work, Proposition, consisted of a small filing cabinet measuring 16 x 20 x 39 cm (a single drawer of card files).
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1.2" This system, as mentioned above, is similar to the dating system of the "Mayan calendar" cycle which "ends" on December 21, 2012. However, there have recently been discovered dated Mayan artifacts which predict dates well into the future, far beyond 2012: "It is interesting that recent decodings of the hieroglyphs at Palenque, which are understood to have been made during the reign of Pacal the Great, refer to dates beyond the end of the Long Count calendar. On the Tablet of the Inscriptions at Palenque a date of 1.0.0.0.0.8 5 Lamat 1 Mol can be inferred – otherwise known as 21 October 4772, almost 3000 years in the future.
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Black college students, however, "fail[ed] to engage with the discourse of the programme enough to reconstruct or redefine it". The initial conclusion was that decodings cannot be traced solely to socioeconomic position, since members of the sample occupying the same class location produced different readings. However, Sujeong Kim's statistical re-analysis of the project's findings suggests that this may be an underinterpretation: according to Kim, the results show that 'audience's social positions ... structure their understandings and evaluations of television programmes in quite consistent directions and patterns.' For example, Kim observes that middle class viewers produced negotiated readings of one particular programme, while working class viewers produced dominant or oppositional readings dependent on their gender and race.
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Another important NL- complete problem is 2-satisfiability (Papadimitriou 1994 Thrm. 16.3), the problem of determining whether a boolean formula in conjunctive normal form with two variables per clause is satisfiable. The problem of unique decipherability of a given variable-length code was shown to be co-NL-complete by ; Rytter used a variant of the Sardinas–Patterson algorithm to show that the complementary problem, finding a string that has multiple ambiguous decodings, belongs to NL. Because of the Immerman–Szelepcsényi theorem, it follows that unique decipherability is also NL-complete. Additional NL- complete problems on Propositional Logic, Algebra, Linear System, Graph, Finite Automata, Context-free Grammar are listed in Jones (1976).
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The Society for Literature, Science, and the Arts (SLSA) is a United States- based academic organization whose members "share an interest in problems of science and representation, and in the cultural and social dimensions of science, technology, and medicine." The SLSA publishes the journal Configurations, published by Johns Hopkins University Press, and a members' newsletter Decodings. It holds an annual conference that "attracts hundreds of participants from many different disciplines, including the history, sociology, anthropology, rhetoric, and philosophy of science, technology and medicine; literary history and criticism; art history and media studies; the cognitive sciences; and all areas of science, technology, engineering, and medicine" (the 30th being in 2016). The European Society for Literature, Science and the Arts (SLSAeu) is a sister body.
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The obvious advantage of pre-decoding is that any surround listener can be able to experience Ambisonics; no special hardware is required beyond that found in a common home theatre system. The main disadvantage is that the flexibility of rendering a single, standard Ambisonics signal to any target speaker array is lost: the signal is assumes a specific "standard" layout and anyone listening with a different array may experience a degradation of localisation accuracy. Target layouts from 5.1 upwards usually surpass the spatial resolution of first-order Ambisonics, at least in the frontal quadrant. For optimal resolution, to avoid excessive crosstalk, and to steer around irregularities of the target layout, pre- decodings for such targets should be derived from source material in Higher- order Ambisonics.
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