But what if trying to re-decentralise the internet is a fool's errand?
|
|
Officials are often loth to decentralise the power supply for fear of losing political control.
|
|
Mass electrification, from zero-carbon sources, could stimulate new industries and further decentralise the global economy.
|
|
The answer, for one of the most centralised countries in the rich world, is to decentralise power.
|
|
His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting: decentralise authority to self-organising teams.
|
|
To assuage those worried about letting Facebook into their financial affairs, the firm will decentralise decision-making about Libra.
|
|
It could help decentralise economies and counter the perception that the market works just for the rich and powerful.
|
|
Pointedly, one aspect that stands out for me is that the government is trying to decentralise its support beyond London.
|
|
Now a new band of entrepreneurs and venture-capital firms is emerging with a mission to "re-decentralise" the internet.
|
|
I wanna be your monero Wanna decentralise the financial system by creating a distributed ledger system that ensures contracts are executed?
|
|
Though earnings have remained resilient, outgoing CEO Rosengren's drive to decentralise the group in recent years has yet to take full effect.
|
|
Future Forward, a new party which appeals to younger Thais, wants to end business monopolies, decentralise government and extend the welfare state.
|
|
Though sometimes persuaded to decentralise economic decision-making (which usually boosted output) he always ended up concentrating power in his own hands again.
|
|
While not hiding its sympathies with the Jeffersionian side, it will conclude that to re-decentralise the internet, ideas from all three camps are needed.
|
|
ZURICH, Oct 17 (Reuters) - The Swiss government proposed on Wednesday complete liberalisation of the electricity market as it moves to decentralise production and promote renewable energy.
|
|
All of these changes decentralise and distribute power, reinforcing the transition from a dictatorship built around a strongman to one based on power-sharing among party officials.
|
|
It will ease redundancy rules and partly decentralise collective bargaining, making it simpler for firms to negotiate working time directly with their staff and undercut sector-wide agreements.
|
|
However, such criticisms risk underplaying the sheer entrepreneurial zeal that the Chinese put into clean energy, and their growing ambition to decentralise as well as decarbonise the energy supply.
|
|
Constitutional changes to decentralise power and a law granting the contested territories "special status" would formalise their return to Ukraine, and ultimately allow it to retake control of its borders.
|
|
At today's events startups are pushing ambitious plans, often based on blockchain technology (immutable distributed ledgers of the sort that underlie Bitcoin and other crypto-currencies), promising to "re-decentralise" the online world.
|
|
The decision to move to Jeonju - with a population of 660,000 and three hours by rail and bus from Seoul - was announced in 2013 as part of an effort to decentralise government functions and boost regional development.
|
|
The drive by the world's largest automaker to become more transparent and decentralise power is seen by investors as a key part of its campaign to regain trust following its admission in September 2015 that it cheated on U.S. diesel emissions tests.
|
|
He will cut the number of deputies by at least 25%, introduce a share (of about 20%) of proportional representation in parliament, decentralise more decision-making to local levels, and add 150 citizens to an assembly that will first look into how to subsidise greener behaviour.
|
|
In 1986 the hospital became part of the Monash Medical Centre as part of moves to decentralise hospital services.
|
|
From October 2012 to December 2018, Kutaisi briefly was the seat of the Parliament of Georgia as an effort to decentralise the Georgian government.
|
|
In July 2013, the Scottish Government made the Lerwick Declaration, indicating an intention to decentralise power to the three island council areas. In November 2013, the government made a commitment to decentralise further powers to Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles in the event of independence. Steven Heddle called for legislation to that effect to be introduced regardless of the referendum result. In 2017 the Scottish Government introduced an Islands bill to make "island proofing" (including for uninhabited islands) a statutory requirement for public bodies.
|
|
Atishi was also spearheading the flagship Mohalla Sabha Project for the Government of NCT of Delhi. The effort to decentralise governance to empower every citizen was a major promise of the AAP before coming to power. The project was rejected by the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi in 2016.
|
|
Due to the lack of mainstream news coverage on p2p, file sharing and discussion of copyright legislation, Slyck.com had a significant impact as a news site, which New Scientist cited as a "popular file sharing news site","Movie file-sharing hubs poised to decentralise". Will Knight, NewScientist.com, December 22, 2004.
|
|
The idea was coined by Luxembourgian economist Adrien Ries on 2 June 1973. The idea of a unified urban area in the north of the country was put forward to decentralise and diversify the economy, and develop a third major urban area, along with Luxembourg City and the southern Red Lands.
|
|
Qd3 0-0 12.g3 d6 13.Bg2 Black should switch to a materialistic mode with 13...Qxa2.Lalic 1998, p.55 Yakovich–Coret, Seville 1992 In the other line 8...f6 Black does not want to decentralise his queen and prefers to concentrate on active piece play in the centre.
|
|
As an administrator, he opposed excessive centralization and helped decentralise the postal department. He opposed the application of income-tax rules in India. He often held opposing views to those of the governor-general Sir John Lawrence. He felt that the use of land cess to support education was unjust to the landholders.
|
|
Party secretary general Patterson Oti stated in May 2010 that the party would decentralise development programmes, to empower the provinces."Our Party: Tulagi is next", Solomon Star, 14 May 2010 In June, Sogavare "pledged to commit 6.2 million US$ to help relocate victims of climate change" if the party won the election.
|
|
The districts of Ivory Coast () are the first-level administrative subdivisions of the country. The districts were created in 2011 in an effort to further decentralise the state,"Décentralisation : Le gouvernement créé 12 districts et 30 régions", abidjan.net, 29 September 2011.Décret n° 2011-263 du 28 septembre 2011 portant organisation du territoire national en Districts et en Régions.
|
|
GM was very pleased with Drucker's work, until Drucker published his book, Concept of the Corporation. The book strongly praises General Motors for developing management techniques, programs, and infrastructure. But GM interpreted the suggestions that Drucker made—to decentralise the company in order to even become more successful—as betrayal.Sloan 1990 [1964], foreword, pp. v–vi.
|
|
Retrieved: 24 November 2013. On 26 May 2012, Saakashvili inaugurated the new Parliament building in Kutaisi. This was done in an effort to decentralise power and shift some political control closer to Abkhazia, although it has been criticised as marginalising the legislature, and also for the demolition of a Soviet War Memorial formerly at the new building's location.
|
|
When the Federal Assembly fails to agree on legislation, the collective presidency would have the power to rule by decree. Amendments also provided for stronger cabinet with considerable power to initiate and pursue legislation independently from the Communist Party. Džemal Bijedić was chosen as the Premier. The new amendments aimed to decentralise the country by granting greater autonomy to republics and provinces.
|
|
Giyur KeHalacha (also stylised Giyur K'Halacha) is an Israeli-based organisation offering conversions outside of the state mandated Chief Rabbinate. It has elicited controversy around its desire to decentralise the conversion process and is associated with the Tzohar network of rabbis. At present they have received wide support around the Jewish world. but the Chief Rabbis are unwilling to accept their authority.
|
|
Located in BT's Stadium House data centre in Cardiff. IXCardiff, now known as LINX Cardiff was officially launched on 15 October 2014 in an effort to decentralise UK internet traffic. As of July 2018, LINX Cardiff has a typical peak of 0.9976 Gbit/s of network traffic with a maximum peak of 1.03 Gbit/s as of 1 December 2017.
|
|
Map of provinces, 2006 The provinces of Rwanda (Kinyarwanda: intara) are divided into districts (akarere) and municipalities (umujyi). Prior to January 1, 2006, Rwanda was composed of 12 provinces. The Rwandan government decided to establish new provinces in an attempt to address issues that arose from the genocide against the Tutsi in 1994. The first goal was to decentralise power.
|
|
Regional centres are meant to decentralise the functions and services of Singapore's Central Area, helping to alleviate congestion there and to bring the workplace closer to peoples' homes. Regional centres primarily serve at least 800,000 people in each region, with people from other regions as a secondary concern. These regional centres contain a collection of shopping malls, hawker centres, and other forms of commercial facilities.
|
|
Prior to World War II, the Royal Australian Air Force was small enough for all its elements to be directly controlled by RAAF Headquarters in Melbourne. After war broke out in September 1939, the RAAF began to decentralise its command structure, commensurate with expected increases in manpower and units.Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 111–112 Its initial move in this direction was to create Nos.
|
|
Diagram of the Municipal Districts of Rosario. The districts of the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina are administrative divisions created to decentralise the workings of the municipal government. Rosario is divided into six districts, most named by location although the eastmost is called Center District as it includes the oldest part of the city historically called Centro (center). The data given below are from the .
|
|
Although the PAP campaigned in the early years that local government functions were inefficient for a small city-state like Singapore, the party changed its mind a few decades later. It decided in 1986 to decentralise some municipal functions because it wanted ostensibly to increase resident participation in estate management. As a result, three Town Councils were set up in Ang Mo Kio as a pilot programme to manage the estate.
|
|
Territorial Operations was a group of eighteen specialist Metropolitan Police units which were set up in 1986 as part of Sir Kenneth Newman's restructuring of the Metropolitan Police Service. The Territorial Operations units were designed to support the Metropolitan Police areas—while area-based policing was designed to decentralise the operations of New Scotland Yard, the TO units were intended to provide central operational and logistic support to Areas and divisional OCUs (Operational Command Units).
|
|
On 30 October 1950, the Old Laxapana Power Station was finally completed, after being under development since 1924. The same year, regional offices were opened in Norton Bridge, Nuwara Eliya, Diyathalawa, Panadura, Negombo, Avissawella, and Peradeniya, to decentralise the electricity works. The following year, electricity was purchased from the Kankesanthurai Cement Factory from distribution in Jaffna. On 1 November 1969, the current Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) was established under Parliament Act No. 17 of 1969.
|
|
In July 2013, the Scottish Government made the Lerwick Declaration, indicating an intention to decentralise power to the three island council areas of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles and later that year made a commitment to do so. In 2017 an Islands bill was introduced to make "island proofing" (including for uninhabited islands) a statutory requirement for public bodies. The Bill completed Stage 1 on 8 February 2018."Islands (Scotland) Bill" Scottish Government.
|
|
Queenstown Public Library is one of the 26 public libraries established by the National Library Board of Singapore. It was the first full-time Branch Library to be built by the National Library in its plan to decentralise home reading services. It pioneered several firsts amongst Branch Libraries, including becoming the first fully air-conditioned Branch in 1978, computerising its loan services in 1987, and lending video cassettes in 1997. It was refurbished in 2003.
|
|
As Bishop of Oxford he presided over the beginning of an Area scheme which delegated functions from the diocesan to his suffragan or "Area" bishops, in order to decentralise the work of the diocese. In retirement he served as an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Edinburgh. In 1989, he published Songs in a Strange Land, a devotional book on praying with the Psalms. He was an early advocate of the ordination of women as deacons and priests.
|
|
Days later it was revealed that outgoing president Rupiah Banda resisted conceding defeat and Justice Mambilima threatened resignation in protest. This is largely unverified but accepted lore among Zambians despite Justice Mambilima's protestations. After the new government was ushered in, she called for them to help decentralise ECZ, allowing them to hire full-time employees at district level to improve efficiencies and be funded appropriately. In the aftermath of these polls Mambilima was largely praised for the commission's conduct.
|
|
Created in January 2007, the Regional University College of Bambey was converted into a university in November 2009 (Decree n° 2009-1221). It was part of the Senegalese government’s efforts to decentralise higher-education provision, seeking to encourage youth to stay in rural areas and to provide educational programmes appropriate to these contexts. In August 2011, the institution took the name "Alioune Diop University of Bambey", in tribute to Alioune Diop, founder of the magazine Présence africaine.
|
|
Her candidacy was supported by the Vanguard Africa Foundation. Touray said that, if elected, she would "restore the sovereignty of the people, end impunity and decentralise authority and power." Opposition parties decided to form an electoral coalition to support one candidate in the election against Yahya Jammeh. Touray was initially part of the group that formed Coalition 2016, but was absent in their meeting on 30 October 2016 when delegates chose Adama Barrow as the candidate.
|
|
His later address at the summit of Montejurra, which caused enormous resistance among the Traditionalists, was most likely written by someone else, Caspistegui Gorasurreta 1997, p. 89 Requeté guard of honour at Montejurra, 1960s San Cristobál proposed to decentralise Caspistegui Gorasurreta 1997, p. 98 and demilitarise the organisation, San Cristobál demanded that local juntas be formalized on all lower levels. He also launched preparations to political instruction classes ("cursos de formación"), and asked to create delegates for sports and infantile sub-sections.
|
|
Private companies - led by Swiss entrepreneurs, industrialists and bankers - built the next wave of railways. In 1850 the Swiss Federal Council invited two British engineers, Robert Stephenson and Henry Swinburne, to draw up plans for a railway network for the Swiss Confederation. They proposed a 645 km network along the valleys, avoiding any Alpine crossings, all of which was eventually built. Although the Constitution of 1848 gave the federal government powers in relation to railways, it initially decided to decentralise rail policy.
|
|
Prior to World War II, the Royal Australian Air Force was small enough for all its elements to be directly controlled by RAAF Headquarters in Melbourne. After war broke out in September 1939, the RAAF began to decentralise its command structure, commensurate with expected increases in manpower and units.Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 111–112 Its initial move in this direction was to create Nos. 1 and 2 Groups to control units in Victoria and New South Wales, respectively.
|
|
According to some, it was a unique cross-border agreement that illustrated a 'spirit of cooperative federalism'. Under Whitlam’s newly established Department of Urban and Regional Development (DURD), the ambition to decentralise Australia and promote new growth centres was further demonstrated in the budget allocations of 1973/4 and 1974/75 – a provision of $33 million and $223 million for urban growth centres consecutively. In 1973/74, $9 million of the $33 million was allocated to the urban growth centre of Albury–Wodonga.
|
|
Deviation from this set of values became an immediate issue for security services. Later, the use of force was mitigated and when the process of "decentralization of people's power" began, intelligence and security services underwent further reorganization in order to decentralise power and increase effectiveness. The Act on Internal AffairsFNRJ Off. Gaz. No. 30/56 and the Decree on Organization of State Internal Affairs Secretariat regulated the intelligence security authority as the prerogative of the State Security Directorate within the Ministry of the Interior.
|
|
The site has heritage listed buildings and several Australian Aboriginal sites. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. Following a long history of internationally recognised research in 2011 a decision was made by the Government of New South Wales to decentralise the Centre's functions and staff to regional centres at Coffs Harbour, Port Stephens and Nowra. The decision created a degree of controversy as it was announced without any staff consultation, or a cost-benefit analysis.
|
|
Area commands as planned in February 1940 Prior to World War II, the Royal Australian Air Force was small enough for all its elements to be directly controlled by RAAF Headquarters in Melbourne. When war broke out, the RAAF began to decentralise its command structure, commensurate with expected increases in manpower and units.Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 111–112 Between March 1940 and May 1941, Australia and Papua were divided into four geographically based command-and-control zones: Central Area, Southern Area, Western Area, and Northern Area.
|
|
In essence providing support services for rural industry - living off the sheep's back - Masterton's real growth ended with that sector's retrenchment after the 1974 British entry to the trade and political grouping now the European Union. Efforts to decentralise industry to New Zealand's provinces gave Masterton a print works and some other industries but the lost economic activity was not restored. From the 1970s, people and businesses left for opportunities elsewhere. In the 1980s, with government deregulation and protective tariffs lifted, more businesses closed and the town declined further.
|
|
The opposition Moderate Party countered with a motion seeking to transfer powers from the county council to the vestries. In November 1897 the Conference of the National Union of Conservative and Constitutional Associations passed a resolution calling on the government to pass legislation to decentralise local government in London. The government introduced the London Government Bill to the House of Commons on 1 March 1899. The bill sought to strengthen parish-level government in London at the expense of the county council, by dividing the whole of the administrative county of London into metropolitan boroughs.
|
|
Georgia now has a semi- presidential system with a unicameral parliament. In 2011 Mikheil Saakashvili the president of Georgia signed the amendment of constitution which located the parliament in the western city of Kutaisi. On 26 May 2012, Saakashvili inaugurated the new Parliament building in Kutaisi. This was done in an effort to decentralise power and shift some political control closer to Abkhazia, although it has been criticised as marginalising the legislature, and also for the demolition of a Soviet War Memorial formerly at the new building's location.
|
|
The Sir Charles Tupper Building has since its completion in 1960 served as the headquarters of the Department of Public Works, now Public Works and Government Services Canada. It also houses some Health Canada operations, notably the headquarters of the Pest Management Regulatory Agency. It was named in honour of the Father of Confederation and sixth Prime Minister of Canada. The Tupper building is one of the five original facilities making up the Confederation Heights development completed from the late 1950s into the 1960s, in accordance with the Greber Plan to decentralise Federal government functions.
|
|
The high court also hears cases from the Union Territory of Lakshadweep. The local government bodies; Panchayat, Municipalities and Corporations have existed in Kerala since 1959, however, the major initiative to decentralise the governance was started in 1993, conforming to the constitutional amendments of central government in this direction. With the enactment of Kerala Panchayati Raj Act and Kerala Municipality Act in 1994, the state implemented reforms in local self- governance. The Kerala Panchayati Raj Act envisages a 3-tier system of local government with Gram panchayat, Block panchayat and District Panchayat forming a hierarchy.
|
|
Northern Command headquarters at Madang, New Guinea, c. October 1944 Prior to World War II, the Royal Australian Air Force was small enough for all its elements to be directly controlled by RAAF Headquarters in Melbourne. When war broke out, the RAAF began to decentralise its command structure, commensurate with expected increases in manpower and units.Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 111–112 Between March 1940 and May 1941, Australia and Papua were divided into four geographically based command-and-control zones: Central Area, Southern Area, Western Area, and Northern Area.
|
|
Mao giving speeches to the masses At the Third Congress of the Communist Party in Shanghai in June 1923, the delegates reaffirmed their commitment to working with the KMT. Supporting this position, Mao was elected to the Party Committee, taking up residence in Shanghai. At the First KMT Congress, held in Guangzhou in early 1924, Mao was elected an alternate member of the KMT Central Executive Committee, and put forward four resolutions to decentralise power to urban and rural bureaus. His enthusiastic support for the KMT earned him the suspicion of Li Li-san, his Hunan comrade.
|
|
Influenced by the ideas of guild socialism, the RRA sought for a time the creation of a National Agricultural Guild with land ownership held by land councils who would operate as local sections of the Guild.Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley, Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations, 2002, p. 32 Its main consistent aims however were to revive agriculture and to decentralise the population of Britain. It sought to standardise prices and produce grading, regulate imports and encourage more of a balance between agriculture and industry which, it argued, would benefit both sectors by ending over-reliance on manufacturing.
|
|
For example, according to the World Bank in the state of Punjab the process of approving designs is centralised with even minor technical approvals reaching the office of chief engineers. A majority of decisions are made in a very centralised manner at the headquarters.World Bank:Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Project Appraisal Document , 2006, Annex 1 In 1993 the Indian constitution and relevant state legislations were amended in order to decentralise certain responsibilities, including water supply and sanitation, to municipalities. Since the assignment of responsibilities to municipalities is a state responsibility, different states have followed different approaches.
|
|
To all these challenges, the Commission has responded with a strategy to decentralise the implementation of the Competition rules through the so-called Modernisation Regulation. EU Council Regulation 1/2003 places National Competition Authorities and Member State national courts at the heart of the enforcement of Arts 101 & 102\. Decentralised enforcement has for long been the usual way for other EC rules, Reg 1/2003 finally extended this to Competition Law as well. The Commission still retained an important role in the enforcement mechanism, as the co- ordinating force in the newly created European Competition Network (ECN).
|
|
At the core is an effort to re-decentralise the Internet. Rather than the current model which tolerates companies selling personal data for profit, in personal data trading, individual human beings would directly own and consciously sell their personal data to known parties of their choice and keep the profit. Personal data trading adds a fourth mechanism for wealth distribution, the other three being salaries via jobs, property ownership, and company ownership. The ultimate goals of the personal data trading model are: More equitable global resource distribution and a more balanced say in allocation of global resources.
|
|
During 1946, the All-Union Council of People's Commissars became the Council of Ministers (, tr.: Sovet Ministrov SSSR), whilst People's Commissars and People's Commissariats became Ministers and Ministries. Ministers were important for ordinary decision- making, with 73 percent of them elected full-members of the Central Committee at the 25th Party Congress. Nikita Khrushchev's attempt during the late 1950s to decentralise decision-making by reforming the chain of command that was in use since the early times of the Council of People's Commissars to manage local industries and enterprises resulted in major reorganisation of the USSR ministries.
|
|
Although the ALL Malaya Hartal was successful, the colonial government did not concede and the coalition had financial shortage for the second Hartal. In April 1948, member organisations of the coalition held the last conference. Eu proposed to decentralise the AMCJA-PUTERA coalition that each member organisation of the coalition could conduct agitation against the Federation constitution and member organisations were not allowed to act in the name of the AMCJA-PUTERA unless permitted by the general conference. This conference actually dismantled AMCJA-PUTERA, and the MDU which ascribed the result to financial stringencies dissolved voluntarily.
|
|
Attacks by armed gangs, robbery, looting and black-marketing were commonplace and the military police could not cope with this troubling security situation. So each of the Western Allies quickly permitted the formation of civilian police forces, including small numbers of heavily armed and military like organised police forces, in Western Germany under terms that reflected their own police structures and traditions. In all three Western zones, the emphasis was to decentralise, demilitarise and democratise the police. Some restrictions were lifted as Cold War tensions grew and certain police functions necessitated central rather than local direction.
|
|
In November 2008, Carseldine teaching, research, and support activities were relocated to Kelvin Grove and Gardens Point campuses. This included the School of Psychology and Counselling and the School of public health and social work, as well as some business, science, and information technology subjects. The campus has since been closed and was subsequently renovated by the Queensland Government. Following QUT's decision to vacate the campus and the lack of a suitable education provider to take over the site, the State Government announced plans to decentralise government services and move around 1000 employees to the remodeled former QUT buildings, which occurred post-2012.
|
|
Sir George Pomeroy Colley at the Battle of Majuba Hill Gladstone, the incoming Liberal Prime Minister was convinced that Beaconfieldism had alienated the Boers. To soften the blow of annexation by the British Empire, he resolved to decentralise a form of local government to the Transvaal Boers. This would be administered to them by the Governor- General of the Cape, Sir Bartle Frere, and the new Governor of the Natal, Major-General Sir George Colley. On 24 April 1880, he was appointed to the Natal command, with the rank of major-general, succeeding Sir Garnet Wolseley as governor and commander-in-chief in Natal, and high commissioner for South- eastern Africa.
|
|
The Area Major Incident Pool (AMIP) is a defunct unit of Greater London's Metropolitan Police. From 1985 to 2000, the Area Major Incident Pool consisted of experienced detectives available to assist divisional, station based CID detectives in the investigation of major crimes, such as non-domestic murders or those that crossed the boundaries of divisions. In 1985, as part of then Commissioner's, Kenneth Newman's restructuring the 67 divisions of the Metropolitan Police District were divided among eight numbered geographical areas. Based at each Area headquarters were several specialist units, including AMIP and drugs squads, intended to decentralise some of the specialist units based at New Scotland Yard.
|
|
O'Neill succeeded Michelle Gildernew as Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development in the Northern Ireland Executive after the 2011 Assembly election. One of her key decisions in the role was the relocation of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development's headquarters from Belfast to a former British Army barracks in Ballykelly, County Londonderry in a bid to decentralise civil service jobs. The decision overruled an internal report on the matter, which recommended Strabane as a more appropriate location. In December 2013, the High Court quashed a decision by O'Neill to reallocate 7% of Common Agricultural Policy funds to rural development projects that had been favoured by environmentalists.
|
|
95 In July the same year, Harrison proposed the construction of a series of test houses to help decentralise chemical, mechanical and metrological testing of materials used in the manufacture of munitions that previously had to go through either the Munitions Supply Laboratories or the National Standards Laboratory. The result was a major improvement in the speed of testing and, according to the official history of Australia in the war, "a fuller use of the country's scientific and technical manpower".Mellor, The Role of Science and Industry, p.155 Harrison's daughter Greta joined the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force, and by the end of the war was ranked flight officer.
|
|
The YSRCP government first introduced the bill on cabinet to decentralise the governance in the state of 13 districts. Later, the bill was introduced in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly even though Andhra Pradesh High Court gave verdict to extend the duration on submission of representations. The bill was passed on the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly by having majority of the seats after 17 MLA's of the Telugu Desam Party were suspended and amid ongoing demonstrations of farmers. Although this bill was passed by the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, or lower house of Andhra Pradesh Legislature, it stalled in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council, following widespread protests against the bill.
|
|
Following its ascent to national government of Pakistan, PTI backed off from certain commitments in its manifesto what was criticised by its opponents as U-turns. The PTI also raised issue of religious tolerance and greater representation for minorities. On 20 February 2013 PTI launched its 'Education Policy' with plans to introduce a uniform education system with one curriculum in three languages for Urdu, English and regional languages for entire Pakistan in primary schools. PTI promised to crack down on police brutality, restructure the civil service, reform the electoral system, allow for a truly independent judiciary, decentralise state power, and enforce laws which extend personal liberty.
|
|
In 1984, the Chinese government disclosed the decision to decentralise the CAAC. Formed in 1949, CAAC was an all-encompassing organisation responsible for civil aviation in China as it was tasked with passenger transport, resource development and survey work, air traffic control, aircraft maintenance and personnel training. The decentralisation decision would result in numerous regional airlines, with four main carriers to be responsible for the majority of international and domestic air traffic: Air China, China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines and China Southwest Airlines; CAAC itself would be rationalised into a regulatory and administrative organisation. In 1988, CAAC granted its seven regional divisions, among which was the Guangzhou Regional Administration, limited operating autonomy with the status of "associate" airlines.
|
|
The Sultan was irked to find the increasingly Kuala Lumpur was calling in the tune, even in the affairs which he thought had nothing to do with the Federated Malay States, but only Pahang. However, he toed the line because he was dependent to a certain extent on the adequate collective funds of the Federated Malay States, Pahang stood to benefit from the wealth of Perak and Selangor. The Sultan was mollified somewhat when during the governorship of Sir Laurence Guillemard there was intense activity to decentralise powers from the centre at Kuala Lumpur back to the individual States comprising the Federated Malay States. But he did not see the scheme materialise.
|
|
At first, there was no clear leader of the collective leadership, and Kosygin was the chief economic administrator, whereas Brezhnev was primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the party and internal affairs. Kosygin's position was later weakened when he introduced a reform in 1965 that attempted to decentralise the Soviet economy. The reform led to a backlash, with Kosygin losing supporters because many top officials took an increasingly anti-reformist stance due to the Prague Spring of 1968. As the years passed, Brezhnev was given more and more prominence, and by the 1970s he had even created a "Secretariat of the General Secretary" to strengthen his position within the Party.
|
|
Minister for Education and Local Member D. H. Drummond sympathised with the Movement and ensured the College was constructed in Armidale as a first step in accumulating the necessary infrastructure. The New State Movement had a significant influence on State politics between the 1920s and 1967, when the scheme was finally laid to rest after referendum rejected the idea. Sir Earle Christmas Grafton Page, Member for the Federal seat of Cowper, and Drummond were able to improve infrastructure in the region and decentralise services to the extent that a new state was no longer seen as a major objective. The C. B. Newling Centre is of State significance for the major role it played in the establishment of the University of New England.
|
|
The Albury-Wodonga Development Corporation was an agency of the Australian Government operating from 1972 until its abolition in 2014. It was created as part of the Whitlam Governments' National Growth Centre project in an effort to decentralise the population, the corporation role was to manage and develop land with the aim to grow the Albury-Wodonga region to 300,000 people by the year 2000. The corporation had a unique tripartite legal structure in that there existed three statutory corporations – one belonging to the Commonwealth (Albury-Wodonga Development Corporation), one belonging to Victoria (Albury- Wodonga (Victoria) Corporation) and one to New South Wales (Albury-Wodonga (New South Wales) Corporation). The three corporations were legally distinct, but in practice acted as a single entity.
|
|
Map of the countries of the United Kingdom and regions of England The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a unitary state by the Westminster Parliament in London. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the Government of Ireland Act 1914 which granted home rule to Ireland as a constituent country of the former United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Following the partition of Ireland in 1921 which saw the creation of the sovereign Irish Free State (which eventually evolved into the modern day Republic of Ireland), Northern Ireland retained its devolved government through the Parliament of Northern Ireland, the only part of the UK to have such a body at this time.
|
|
Following a second White Paper on water supply and sanitation policy published in 2002 (after the first White Paper in 1994) a national policy was established to further decentralise the sector, phasing out the national government's involvement in service provision, limiting DWAF's role to policy and regulation.Draft 2002 White Paper of Water Supply and Sanitation In rural areas this policy of decentralisation has been supported by the Masibambane program, a sector-wide approach linked to budget-based donor support for rural water supply and sanitation. The initial investment was ZAR 2.2 billion (EUR 279 million) with a focus on the three poorest provinces and a target to reach about 2.5 million people. A 2004 evaluation by the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) Africa showed that the program performed well financially.
|
|
The agricultural land where the modern suburb now stands, has a history stretching some 2,000 years back (i.e. at least twice as old as Stockholm). The people who lived there were known as vaellingar, "those living on the embankment". While it first appears in historical records in 1347 and it is known that two farmyards existed here during the reign of King Gustav Vasa in the 16th century, in the 1922 edition of Nordisk Familjebok the location was still regarded as too insignificant to deserve an article. In 1953 the number of inhabitants barely exceeded 2,000. As part of a wider plan to decentralise the population of Stockholm, this rural land was quickly transformed into the present modern suburb, inaugurated in 1954 in a ceremony attracting some 75,000 people.
|
|
Children age six and older learned by rote its five principles — belief in one God, humanitarianism, national unity, democracy, and social justice — and were instructed daily to apply the meanings of this key national symbol to their lives. But with the end of the New Order in 1998 and the beginning of the campaign to decentralise the national government, provincial and district- level administrators obtained increasing autonomy in determining the content of schooling, and Pancasila began to play a diminishing role in the curriculum. A style of pedagogy prevails inside public-school classrooms that emphasises rote learning and deference to the authority of the teacher. Although the youngest children are sometimes allowed to use their local language, by the third year of primary school nearly all instruction is conducted in Indonesian.
|
|
In the same year he was arrested for participating in the nationwide South African Potato Boycott, following The Farm Labour Scandal, a journalistic investigation by Ruth First and Joe Gqabi, which uncovered that Africans arrested for infringement of the pass laws were coerced into enforced labour on potato farms. In 1958 Thomas Nkobi became the National Organizer of the ANC and was charged with the task of implementing the M-Plan, an action plan, named after Nelson Mandela, to decentralise the ANCs organizational branches and communication channels to avoid public meetings and announcements and increase effectiveness of their political and social campaign. During the 1960 State of Emergency, he was amongst the thousands of political activists who were detained. After his release he continued working for the ANC as National Organizer and was also prominent in the underground.
|
|
In the 1880s an effort was made to decentralise the reserves of equipment; as many as sixty-two small regional centres were set up, in an effort to bring stores closer to the units that would use them. Later, with the establishment of larger camps and garrisons in the early 20th century, these were consolidated into eighteen larger Ordnance stations. At the same time, during the period from the 1860s to 1914, various depots were established to support the Army throughout the world (with the notable exception of India where the Indian Army managed its own parallel organisation in Ordnance Depot Quetta, Rawalpindi and Karachi (then British India and now Pakistan), the Indian Army Ordnance Corps (IAOC). In 1881 there were detachments in Dublin, Jersey, Gibraltar, Malta, Bermuda, Canada, St Helena, Cape of Good Hope, Mauritius and Straits Settlements.
|
|
Air Commodore Lukis (centre), who served as Air Officer Commanding Northern Area throughout its existence, with Group Captains alt=Half-length portrait of three military men behind a desk, all with pilot's wings on left breast pocket. One of the men, seated, has a large dark moustache and is wearing a dark winter uniform. The other two, standing on either side of the seated figure, wear short-sleeved tropical uniforms; one of them has a small moustache, the other has a holster on his belt and is smoking a pipe Prior to World War II, the Royal Australian Air Force was small enough for all its elements to be directly controlled by RAAF Headquarters in Melbourne. After war broke out, the RAAF began to decentralise its command structure, commensurate with expected increases in manpower and units.
|
|
The Open Forum of Cambodia (OFC) was a not-for-profit organisation that aimed to promote dialogue in Cambodian society. Formed in 1994, it provided the first e-mail service in the country to encourage dialogue and address social concerns. During its lifespan, OFCs sought to decentralise and democratise the creation and proliferation of news and information through the creation and publication of electronic media and paper-based publications, in both Khmer and English, their projects included: – The editorialized weekly overview of all local newspapers reflecting the diverse points of views on political and social issues; electronic communication; \- A website dedicated to covering the Khmer Rouge Trials; – A 16 page weekly press review of the Cambodian language press in English for 10 years. OFC advocated and supported Good Governance initiatives including building the journalistic capacity of local students, and the subsequent publishing of news articles through a local newspaper.
|
|