921 Sentences With "culverts" | Random Sentence Generator

Many salmon pathways are now blocked by roads or culverts.

If so, spraying the culverts with B23 might be warranted.

Culverts were torn up and creeks and wetlands were restored.

Border patrol agents reportedly check culverts in the area routinely for drugs.

"Most of the bridges and culverts (tunnels) have outlived their lives," she said.

Going into buildings, going into tunnels, culverts, places that you can't easily access.

This can mean culverts with natural features that are resilient in high-rainfall events.

Here's to the success of the first 1,000 culverts under Legacy Roads and Trails.

Culverts are essentially large pipes that allow streams and excess rainwater to flow underneath roads.

Houthi rebels could hide mobile missile launchers anywhere from inside culverts to beneath highway overpasses.

Agents frequently check culverts for bundles of marijuana, which are sometimes stashed for pickup by drug smugglers.

He knows all the peaks and valleys and culverts around Naco like a cartographer or rancher would.

Debris in streams and gulches might also clog bridges and culverts resulting in flooding, the NWS said.

Eight bridges and 2965 culverts must be built, and 19953 million cubic feet of material will be moved.

His crossings awarded him the nickname "Culvert Cat," because of the culverts he used to cross the highways.

We strongly suspect that the coyote was routinely crossing 8-10 lanes of interstate highway using underground culverts.

They use words like 'resilience' and 'mitigation' and highlight levees, dams, culverts and other efforts to address stormwater.

I take my time walking back and look at the water in the gutters and culverts near my house.

This hapless fellow yearns for "drains and sewers and culverts," but must wallow through mucky streets and reeking alleys.

Meanwhile people were speeding to find their loved ones or to reach seemingly safer spots, including culverts and road tunnels.

There are already culverts and creeks that go under roadbeds that lizards could take advantage of, but they often don't.

In many places, there aren't ideally placed culverts, which are designed to manage floodwaters during storms, available for wildlife to use.

Robert traversed the swollen culverts along Louisiana 937, then the expansive yards hosting ruined homes and monstrous boughs of live oaks.

All too often, salmon couldn't get to the other side, because poorly designed culverts turn roadways into barriers to fish passage.

She believes that infected bats using the culverts could be carrying the pathogen south into cave-rich zones near the Florida panhandle.

And with the success of removing or replacing the first 85033,000 culverts, federal agencies are learning the benefits of healing the land.

Examples include installing a fire break to reduce wildfire risks, creating culverts in forest roads to protect streams, and replanting trees after harvest.

In January, Pinheiro said the money would be used to replace storm sewer and outfall pipes, regrade ditches, replace culverts and other repairs.

Kelly Lutsch, a first-year graduate student of Dr. Cornelison, has been surveying concrete culverts along Interstates 75 and 95 through Georgia's coastal plains.

The Lummi Nation, among the plaintiffs in the case, said after Monday's ruling that repairing the hundreds of offending culverts would cost roughly $2.4 billion.

He upheld a lower court's order requiring Washington State to replace hundreds of culverts with bridges that restore the natural flow of the salmon runs.

The running debris and floodwater can be powerful enough to destroy culverts, roadways and buildings, the weather service said, even reaching miles away from affected areas.

"The force of the rushing water and debris can damage or destroy culverts, bridges, roadways and buildings even miles away from the burned area," it said.

Undersized culverts can block 28503 to 22019 percent of fish from swimming upstream, obstructing the spawning migrations of native salmon, bull trout and smaller fish besides.

Federal courts ordered Washington to fix most of the culverts by 2030, an effort that a state spokesman said on Monday would cost about $2.4 billion.

With the beach proscribed, he'd follow dry creek beds—"the child highway"—through the neighborhood, exploring groves of live oak and fig, nasturtium hedges, mysterious culverts.

Northern Dynasty said it would study a ferry route across Iliamna Lake to minimize road construction, stream crossings, bridges, culverts and the impact on local wetlands.

GMT2628 will include an oil drilling pad, gravel road, elevated pipeline, two bridges, valve pads, vehicle pullouts, and culverts all through the Reserve's sensitive wetlands and tundra.

In the case of the transportation sector, that could mean relocating roads out of the floodway, incorporating natural infrastructure to absorb water, or increasing the capacity of culverts.

Three judges unanimously affirmed a lower court's 2013 order that Washington state correct its road culverts because they violated the Stevens Treaties of 1854-55, the opinion says.

"Then we're attacking those spots by creating more culverts, raising the railroad up - whatever it looks like needs to happen in order to maintain traffic flow," Fritz said.

Hepatitis A is endemic among favela residents, health experts say, and children are frequently sickened by the pathogens that seep from sewage-laden culverts into jury-rigged drinking water pipes.

A research team observed sea otters for 10 years between 2007 and 2017 and took video of them at the Bennett Slough Culverts site, a tidal estuary in central California.

When a group of daily wage laborers gathered in Dhaka this week, supporters of both political groups said no other prime minister had helped build more roads and culverts than Hasina.

They argued that Washington State had harmed salmon habitats by building culverts — below-road channels and structures — in a way that prevented salmon from swimming through and reaching their spawning grounds.

The lower court held that the culverts have caused the size of salmon runs in Washington state to diminish and therefore violated the state's obligations under the treaties, according to Monday's ruling.

Part of the agents' regular duties include checking culverts off the interstate for undocumented immigrants, said Rush Carter, the special operations supervisor for the Big Bend Sector of the US Border Patrol.

About 9 km of embankments, 172 km of roads and nearly 250 bridges and culverts had been damaged by the floods, according to a preliminary assessment by the disaster management and relief ministry.

As ambient music plays, and videos suggesting cell division unspool, small engines with cameras attached run around the tracks, sometimes projecting images of the translucent tunnels and culverts they pass around and through.

It said in a statement the strikes targeted Islamic State positions in seven areas, including near Tal Afar, where 11 strikes destroyed nine bunkers, five culverts and four bridges used by the militants.

"The damage ... includes track washouts and scouring, 16 damaged rail bridges, damage to track formations, and many locations where access roads, culverts and drainage have also been damaged or washed away," he said.

The town of Paradise was almost completely destroyed, and Butte County officials said they'd be clearing culverts to promote drainage and installing straw wattles around burn scars to keep debris from getting into waterways.

SEATTLE (Reuters) - Washington state must repair road culverts that are blocking salmon from swimming to spawning areas because the pipes violate fishing rights protected by tribal treaties, a federal appeals court ruled on Monday.

But he said such traffic is common enough for agents on the night shift from the Van Horn station to make it a regular part of their duties to check the culverts for contraband.

Culverts too small to accommodate spring runoff or large debris became impassable barriers to migration, and loose dirt from roadways washed into streams, smothering spawning gravels and turning crystalline river systems into muddy waterways.

I-10 runs almost through the middle of the town, and culverts, like the one where the agents were found, are used by traffickers as drop points for drugs, said Culberson County Sheriff Oscar Carrillo.

According to Chris Ferner, a wildland-fire technology specialist at Esri, even entering the diameters of tree trunks and the sites of clogged culverts (which alter patterns of water flow) is grist to the software's accuracy.

In partnership with Pathways for Wildlife, POST set up more than 50 cameras at bridges and culverts and conducted roadkill surveys to identify the areas of safe passage for wildlife that can be maintained or enhanced.

While resiliency took the form of better culverts and ditches to manage water from major storms, Front Porch Forum was pitched as a way to make those communities more resilient by shoring up the bonds between neighbors.

The ruling marks a major victory for 21 tribes joined by the U.S. government that sued Washington state in 2001, arguing that hundreds of culverts block salmon from more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of streams in western Washington.

Removing the culverts may not save the Swinomish's traditional way of life — intensive agriculture, timber practices and climate change are also depleting salmon stocks — but Mr. Cladoosby said the Supreme Court ruling was a step in the right direction.

Fletcher, the appeals court judge, also sided with the lower court's order that the state correct most of its high-priority barrier culverts within 17 years, and fix the remainder during unrelated construction projects or after they give way to age.

"We would like to remind those who live in or around the Lorson Ranch area to be mindful of and check areas on your property a child may hide to include yards, window wells, outbuildings and culverts," the office said.

In one, a federal court in Seattle found that 150-year-old treaties guaranteeing Native American tribes a permanent right to fish for salmon had been gravely compromised by hundreds of roadway culverts and pipelines that blocked the fish from reaching traditional spawning grounds.

Rush Carter, the special operations supervisor and public affairs officer for the Big Bend Sector of the US Border Patrol, said Martinez was not responding to a sensor but was on his regular duties, which included checking culverts off the interstate for illegal immigrants hiding.

The city grew rapidly in the postwar years, and in an effort to control storm water and direct the runoff to the Gulf of Mexico, two key bayous through the city were channelized — essentially converted to concrete culverts — while a third was widened, Dr. Bedient said.

The paper, by McMaster University biologist Chantel Markle, shows that road mortality of endangered reptiles has gone down 89 percent after fencing and culverts (dug-out tunnels that allow the turtles access to the sandy beaches where they lay their eggs) were installed along the Long Point Causeway.

So after checking on Mad Max, the screech owl that flew freely in our house that summer, and sometimes picking a cicada for him from the pear tree out front, I set out into the endless summer evening, cutting through the developments next door, that creeping mold of selfsame houses and curving roads, crossed guardrails and culverts, dirt lots and light-industrial blight, past baseball fields where kids called to each other in the hot low sun and the dust rising from the infield was gold powder, all the way to the rutted path that traced our little river, a river of rocks that summer, which I would follow until it turned off into the nicer part of town.

The other culverts (Sandstone Railway Culvert, Wulkuraka) are located near Wulkuraka. They are the earliest known railway culverts in Queensland.

There are fourteen cross culverts in each chamber, each with five openings; seven cross culverts from the sidewall main culverts alternate with seven from the centre wall culvert. The water is moved by gravity and is controlled by huge valves in the culverts. Each cross culvert is independently controlled. A lock chamber can be filled in as little as eight minutes.

Trail Area with a culvert in the center The original trail features three random rubble limestone culverts that cross gullies. They measure from to in length and in width. The trails and culverts form a historic district.

The line to Bigge's Camp was officially opened on 31 July 1865. The culverts built for the Southern and Western railway lines were built to standard designs approved by Fitzgibbon in 1863. They were of masonry or timber construction; concrete was not used for culverts in Queensland until the 1880s. The North Ipswich culvert was built to the standard design for wide brick culverts.

Culvert #30 lets Muddy Branch under the canal To carry small streams under the canal, 182 culverts,davies p. xiv usually of masonry, were built. For instance, culvert #30 was built in 1835 to carry Muddy Branch under the canal. Unfortunately culverts are prone to collapse due to tree roots growing into the canal prism; in addition, rubbish from floods plug culverts, causing floods and more damage.

Its design and materials are consistent with other culverts along the old highway.

Culverts and drains occur frequently along the Main Range Railway. At varying depths beneath the rail, they direct water from the north side of the track, passing under the length of the railway and parallel access road and drain to the south east. The culverts and drains vary greatly in size shape and composition. Materials for culverts and drains include cut stone, mortared rocks, brick, concrete and corrugated iron piping.

The North Ipswich culvert is rare as one of the few surviving original components of Queensland's first section of main line railway. The railway culverts at North Ipswich and Wulkuraka (Sandstone Railway Culvert, Wulkuraka) are the only original culverts belonging to the first section of main line that are known to remain intact; they are the earliest railway culverts known to be extant in the State. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The culvert is a highly intact example of the standard design for brick culverts on the Southern and Western Railway.

The drainage system includes two lines of drainage tiles and 12 intakes. Each intake is a conical-shaped cast iron grate that covers a subsurface concrete cylinder. The four culverts include one concrete driveway culvert and three concrete box culverts, all of different sizes.

Each lock chamber requires of water to fill it from the lowered to the raised position; the same amount of water must be drained from the chamber to lower it again. Embedded in the side and centre walls are three large water culverts that are used to carry water from the lake into the chambers to raise them, and from each chamber down to the next, or to the sea, to lower them. These culverts start at a diameter of and reduce to in diameter, large enough to accommodate a train. Cross culverts branch off from these main culverts, running under the lock chambers to openings in the floors.

There were no valves in the upper gates. The lock chamber was filled by culverts in the lock walls measuring . The culverts were opened and closed by vertical butterfly valves. The lower gages had horizontal butterfly valves in size which were used for emptying the lock chamber.

Three tributaries contained road culverts at their confluence with Maggie Creek. The culverts at two of the primary tributaries, Little Jack and Coyote creeks, were thought to be partial barriers, whereas the structure at the largest tributary, Beaver Creek, was assumed to prevent all LCT movement. In 2005, the culverts were replaced and an irrigation diversion in the mainstem creek was modified with fish-friendly structures designed to allow fish passage, effectively reconnecting the three tributaries to the mainstem river corridor.

In another innovation, and in an effort to effect savings during construction concrete was substituted as a building and lining material, instead of the more conventional brick. By reports from the contractor this was a success. The 1879 Commissioners' Report noted: > All the stone culverts, and a large proportion of the culverts and drains in > concrete have been completed. A considerable saving has been effected by the > substitution of cement concrete for brickwork and masonry, both in culverts > and bridges.

In forestry, proper use of cross-drainage culverts can improve water quality while allowing forestry operations to continue.

There were plans to further upgrade the road through earthworks, grading, construction of drifts and installation of culverts.

The creek is mostly open in the hills section, and runs in culverts as it approaches the bay.

Turner- Fairbank Highway research Center (1998). "Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts" (PDF), Report #FHWA-IP-85-15 U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Virginia. The process of removing culverts to restore an open-air watercourse is known as daylighting. In the UK, the practice is also known as deculverting.

Jacobs Creek crosses the slightly elevated embankment of the turnpike through culverts. The Jacobs Creek Flood occurred in 2003.

Arrangements are underway to improve the un- tarmacked road to class II bitumen surface with drainage channels and culverts.

Nests are constructed in natural caves, but very often in artificial sites on bridges, in culverts and on buildings.

A section of lock would be poured behind the form, and when it was set, the form would be moved to do the next section. Each of the twelve towers was high by wide. The forms for the culverts were made of steel and were collapsible so they could be removed and moved along after each section of culvert had set. In all, there were 33 forms for the centre and side-wall culverts, each long, and 100 smaller forms for the lateral culverts.

It is now hidden from view in a series of culverts as it flows beneath the centre of the city. Although concealed, its presence could not be ignored, with a number of notable floods occurring in Derby before significant changes, including diversions and relief culverts were deemed necessary to prevent further inundations.

In addition to bridges and culverts streams may be crossed by fords, floodways, low-water crossings or even stepping stones.

New basins, box culverts, pipes and inlets were added to improve holding capacity in storms and mitigate flooding at the intersection.

The remaining flow continues through the channel of Brown Creek in both open channels and culverts, running under roads and buildings.

Culverts along the creek tend to be undersized. The lower 1.73 miles of Little Darby Creek are considered to be impaired.

Additionally, several culverts were built to connect the buildings, which made it more convenient to transport patients and medicines between them.

Many U.S. agencies such as the Federal Highway Administration, Bureau of Land Management,Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management (2006). "Culvert Use, Installation, and Sizing" Chapter 8 (PDF), Low Volume Engineering J Chapter 8, blm.gov/bmp. and Environmental Protection Agency,Environmental Protection Agency EPA Management (2003-7-24). "Culverts-Water" NPS Unpaved Roads Chapter 3 (PDF), "CULVERTS" epa.gov.

In January 1952, the first construction projects of the year were announced by the Mississippi State Highway Department. One project was MS 306, which included grading, drainage and culverts, and gravel surfacing. By 1953, the gravel road opened, connecting from US 51 to MS 305. Another project was announced in 1954, with asphalt surfacing and more drainage and culverts.

Also on the property are contributing culverts and a sign. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

The road, which winds precariously around Black Mountain, retains a number of surviving CCC-built features, including a bridge and many stone culverts.

The road was opened later that same year, completely repaved, and set with a new waterproof concrete roadbed, and several new drainage culverts.

The bridge at Gairloch, which pre-dates the Lamington Bridge by five years, demonstrates one of the earliest uses of concrete in bridge construction in Queensland. Prior to the introduction of reinforced concrete to Australia in the 1890s, concrete as a component of bridges took the form of un-reinforced abutments, piers and mass concrete culverts, the earliest known being railway culverts constructed in South Australia in 1878. In 1882, concrete culverts were used on the Warwick-to-Stanthorpe railway line in Queensland. The original bridge across the railway in Edward Street Brisbane, designed by FDG Stanley in 1887 had concrete abutments.

The Dommel passed very close to the west of Neerpelt, and then reaches the Bocholt–Herentals Canal. It passes this canal by culverts and sluices.

It is monotypic. This is a bird of open country near water, and is usually seen near its nest sites in cliffs, culverts or bridges.

The lower reaches of Rat Creek are still visible in the Kennedale Ravine and Kinnaird Ravine, and it is now fed by storm drain culverts.

At a saddle in this reach, the stream was once able to flow through Rocky Glen into Spring Brook during high flow conditions. There is an inner ridge between the gorge of Stafford Meadow Brook and that or Roaring Brook. Stafford Meadow Brook flows through numerous culverts in southern Scranton. Some stone retaining walls and culverts in this section are more than 100 years old.

This could take motor vehicle traffic, although it became dusty when dry and slippery when wet. Surfacing material was obtained from the Nine Mile Quarry. Wood was found to be unsuitable for culverts, as it was quickly destroyed by the action of climate and insects. Oil drums were found to be superior, but they rusted, and using them for culverts depleted the drum supply.

The road with a bitumen surface, in varying degrees of disrepair was earmarked for improvement to class II bitumen surface, with shoulders, drainage channels and culverts.

In 2013 the unit deployed to Afghanistan. During this deployment soldiers built roads and culverts for locals and built observation points for security forces among other missions.

This culvert has a natural surface bottom connecting wildlife habitat. Safe and stable stream crossings can accommodate wildlife and protect stream health, while reducing expensive erosion and structural damage. Undersized and poorly placed culverts can cause problems for water quality and aquatic organisms. Poorly designed culverts can degrade water quality via scour and erosion, as well as restrict the movement of aquatic organisms between upstream and downstream habitat.

Caculo Island, is located in the creek. The creek has 12 culverts that originate from the old Goa Medical College complex leading to the Campal head, the Fire Brigade, the sewerage treatment plant at Tonca, the Tambdi Mati Cumrabhat, and the El Passo hotel. According to a Portuguese plaque on one of the culverts, the creek dates back to 1829, although Historian Percival Noronha dates it back to 1647.

These plots or strips were then crossed laterally by underground drainage culverts (Fibles). These culverts kept the soil above well watered. At the entrance to each tract of land there was a distinctive gateway called a (Compuertas) which also acted, in some cases, as a Hydraulic damper. The gateways were built from rendered stone and whitewashed and are reminiscent of similar structures seen in ancient Egypt and the Middle East.

Completion was later revised to 23 January 2020. As of July 2020, the upgrade to class II bitumen standard, with drainage channels, culverts and shoulders had been completed.

The site is of abandoned roadway at the top of Danger Hill. This section of roadway appears not to have been paved, and it includes one of the culverts.

While very few studies have analyzed the effect of railways on animal movement, their presence across landscapes in most areas of the world suggests that they likely pose a significant barrier for many species. Most studies relating to this sub-field focus on animal use of drainage culverts underneath railway networks. For example, Rodriguez et al. (1996) found that nearly 80% of culverts in their study received visits by both mammals and reptiles.

Another factor was a wide wadi known as the Suf Mandah that consisted of two water bearing channels. This provided agricultural irrigation for the local people and so could not be interrupted during construction because of its economic importance. The design for this section included a floating roadway over the waterlogged ground and two box culverts for the irrigation channels. The 17 smaller culverts along the route were made from reinforced concrete and stone gabions.

In September 2015, floods rendered thousands of villagers homeless after water overflowed its banks. The floods were blamed on the poor construction of part of the ring road without culverts.

In March 2016, the government of Kenya publicly committed to upgrading this gravel-surfaced road to class II bitumen surface with culverts, drainage channels and shoulders, before the end of 2018.

C. lanceolata occurs in the South West corner and South Coast of Western Australia. It grows well in sandy soils in areas that are damp, particularly along watercourses, swamps and culverts.

Fish are a common victim in the loss of habitat due to poorly designed crossing structures. Culverts that offer adequate aquatic organism passage reduce impediments to movement of fish, wildlife, and other aquatic life that require instream passage. Poorly designed culverts are also more apt to become jammed with sediment and debris during medium to large scale rain events. If the culvert cannot pass the water volume in the stream, then the water may overflow over the road embankment.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a railway range crossing, incorporating 15 tunnels, 15 steel bridges and 24 timber bridges. The line's tight curves, embankments, cuttings, culverts and drains are also characteristic of the engineering techniques needed to traverse steep, unstable terrain. The culverts and drains are vital in a tropical climate with a high rainfall.

Precast concrete transportation products are used in the construction, safety, and site protection of road, airport, and railroad transportation systems. Products include: box culverts, 3-sided culverts, bridge systems, railroad crossings, railroad ties, sound walls/barriers, Jersey barriers, tunnel segments, concrete barriers, TVCBs, central reservation barriers, bollards, and other transportation products. Precast concrete can also be used to make underpasses, surface-passes, and pedestrian subways. Precast concrete is also used for the rail ways of some rubber-tyred metros.

Several roads were paved with stones or cobbles and some were "edged and protected with the use of small stone walls, stone markers, wooden or cane posts, or piles of stones." Drainage was something that was of particular interest and importance to the Inca people. Drains and culverts were built to ensure that rainwater would effectively run off of the road's surface. The drains and culverts helped in directing the accumulating water either along or under the road.

Per the norm of the corporation, the minimum distance between two adjacent streetlights is 25 metre. As on 2012, the corporation maintains 262 bridges, road-overbridges and road-underbridges, including 65 high-level bridges, 31 box culverts, 81 slab culverts, 11 rail- overbridges, 14 rail-underbridges, 6 pedestrian subways, 6 causeways, 35 footbridges and 13 grade separators. In 2013, the corporation acquired a Road Measurement Data Acquisition System (ROMDAS) to check the quality of newly laid roads.

On 27 May 2011 Sri Lanka Post issued a Rs.15 stamp with a photograph of the bridge, as part of a set of stamps commemorating bridges and culverts in Sri Lanka.

On 27 May 2011 Sri Lanka Post issued a Rs. 15 stamp with a photograph of the bridge, as part of a set of stamps commemorating bridges and culverts in Sri Lanka.

The government of Uganda intends to improve the road to class II bitumen surface, with culverts and drainage channels. Other road infrastructure around the lake is being developed to attract more tourists.

The culvert passes a 25-year maximum design flow. Areas of deposition occur upstream of the culvert and a large scour pool occurs downstream of it. These phenomena are typical of such culverts.

During this time period no vehicles are permitted to use the roads. Each spring and early fall the roads are maintained. The ranch currently maintains road crossings and culverts by using GIS technology.

Water for cooling the turbine condensers was drawn from the River Medway; it entered the station through two 11 ft 3 in square concrete pressure culverts. These were screened by double-entry rotary drum screens to retain any large particles of foreign matter. Four concrete volute cooling water pumps impelled water to the units cooling systems. All water extracted from the river was returned via two culverts of similar size to the inlets passing over a stone weir to Damhead Creek.

A jog in the road was straightened in 1920, and this whole stretch of highway was paved with concrete in 1924 by Empire Construction Company of Des Moines. There are six contributing resources to this historic district, all structures: the roadway itself, the road drainage system, and four culverts. Construction plans from 1923 show that the culverts and half of the drainage system were in place when the highway was paved. The roadway is across, and within a right-of-way.

Flimby is located on Cumbria's coast between the towns of Maryport to the north and Workington to the south. It is drained by streams from nearby hillsides, some of which pass under the village in culverts. These have caused period flooding. However, woody debris dams, as a form of natural flood management, have been built in the Penny Gill forest by the West Cumbria Rivers Trust, as a way of storing water temporarily upstream and reducing what the culverts need to carry.

Prior to 2004, the road was gravel surfaced and in a poor state. In that year, the government of Uganda upgraded the road to grade II bitumen surface with shoulders, drainage channels, and culverts.

Before 2006, the road was gravel surfaced. The government of Uganda contracted for the road to be upgraded to class II bitumen surface with shoulders, drainage channels, and culverts. The upgrade lasted until 2009.

This design comprised a floor and sides of cut sandstone with an arched roof made from a double layer of bricks. Another culvert at Wulkuraka is built to the design for wide brick culverts. There are no known examples of intact timber culverts on this section of line. In 1875, the first part of the route, six kilometres of line between North Ipswich and Wulkuraka including the North Ipswich culvert, was bypassed by a shorter line to the south of the Bremer River via Sadlier's Crossing.

The highway opened on November 15, 2017 and includes eight bridges and 359 culverts. With the completion of the highway, the original Tuktoyaktuk Winter Road was permanently closed at the end of the 2017 winter season.

There are a large number of small open concrete drains passing under the line. Early cast concrete pipes and culverts (not reinforced) along the line will be replaced with reinforced concrete pipes if the originals collapse.

Whiskey was supplied by "Jigger Bosses" to workers four times a day and caused many fights among the Irish and Americans. The Irish were generally assigned to digging with shovels, while Americans built culverts and bridges.

Many of the natural stream channels were piped, resulting in a network of storm sewers and culverts. In particular, Cameron Run was both straightened and moved to accommodate the Beltway and Route 1 interchanges and expansions.

Heavy rain and melting snow in February 1886 resulted in flows of , overwhelming the capacity of the culvert north of Roxbury Crossing. This resulted in flooding of and 1,437 buildings, showing the inadequacy of the existing culverts.

This species has been recorded as in roosting caves, coconut plantations, hollow bases of trees, and culverts, and lives in small groups. The major threat to this bat is agriculture. This animal is protected in Gunung Pangrano.

The Avenue incorporates culverts and bridge crossings, a memorial obelisk to Thomas Rothwell, memorials commemorating Australian participation in various war zones and a number of other public structures; these are not considered to be of heritage significance.

A culvert under the Vistula river levee and a street in Warsaw. Construction or installation at a culvert site generally results in disturbance of the site's soil, stream banks, or stream bed, and can result in the occurrence of unwanted problems such as scour holes or slumping of banks adjacent to the culvert structure.Alberta Transportation (2004). "DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR BRIDGE SIZE CULVERTS" (PDF), Original Document 1995 Alberta Transportation, Technical Standards Branch, Government of the Province of Alberta Culverts must be properly sized and installed, and protected from erosion and scour.

Along the route engineering features responded to challenging and variable terrain, as demonstrated in the provision of nine tunnels, numerous culverts, cuttings and embankments, and extensive use of curved track. The line originally included the construction of 47 bridges (mostly timber), but these have been gradually replaced by culverts and embankments. In particular, the tunnels of the Main Range Railway demonstrate the high quality of work of Engineer-In-Chief Robert Ballard, who was appointed specifically for his expertise in this field of railway engineering. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.

In the mid-1980s, when the M25 was being constructed, the Misbourne was diverted under the motorway via underground concrete culverts. The route of the motorway was then aligned to pass through the arches of the Chalfont Viaduct.

Naganahalli Watershed project is a program of the provincial government to irrigate 370 hectares of land in Naganahalli area. Prevention of soil erosion and check dams, culverts, farm ponds and bunds are some of the initiatives of this project.

After that, it is joined by the Kleine Dommel. Just north of Eindhoven, the Dommel meets the Wilhelmina Canal. Here is it led through culverts that dive below the Wilhelmina Canal, and then appears again on the other side.

During this period, fire crews patrolled the existing fire lines and finished mopping up hot spots. Forest Service and Oregon Department of Transportation crews also removed hazardous trees from the Route 242 corridor and repaired culverts along the roadway.

A number were engaged in clearing the road and undertaking associated earth works. Others were constructing reinforced concrete culverts and the bridge over Hayes Inlet, cutting and bending steel for the reinforcing bars and preparing timber for form work.

The Regional Municipality of Durham is responsible for the maintenance of both pavement as well as many structures that are over, under, or near the pavement. Bridges, culverts, and traffic signals are all built and maintained by the Works Department.

The USVI have of roadways, about of public roads and of private roads. Most public roads are two-lane and are paved with asphalt or concrete. There are few shoulders. Guts (culverts) and retaining walls help prevent flooding and landslides.

The land that the cut-off was built upon was once compared to as being "as flat as a billiard table." Unlike more traditional steel or iron culverts, the cut-off uses all timber culverts, as the salt erodes the metal ones too quickly. Although maintained as part of the Tooele County road network, the portion of the cut-off designated Federal Aid Route 2654 is surveyed by the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) to measure traffic volumes. This is expressed in terms of average annual daily traffic (AADT), a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year.

The causeway prevented lake water from flowing as freely as the open trestle had, and to help mitigate effects two culverts were included in the original causeway construction. The culverts allowed for boat traffic, and a limited amount of water to flow from the lake's southern arm (where surrounding freshwater rivers emptied into the lake) into the lake's northern arm. In the early 1980s, Utah experienced heavy flooding, and much of the extra water along the Wasatch Front flowed into the Great Salt Lake. This resulted in the lake experiencing historic high water levels and flooding nearby landowners.

Larimer County upgraded culverts in the Rist Canyon to heavy concrete structures with concrete debris wings that would prevent debris capture and subsequent blockage of the culverts. As predicted, during the spring and summer of 2013 Rist Canyon Road, Stove Prairie Road and Buckhorn Canyon Road, as well as the Poudre Canyon, experienced multiple flood events. However, due to the preparation, the impact of the events were minimized. This culminated in the major rain/flood event of September 2013 when, over the period of just a couple of days, the front range of Colorado received extremely heavy and persistent rain.

The government of Kenya, using locally sourced funds, plans to upgrade the entire road to class II bitumen surface with shoulders, culverts and drainage channels. Kenya National Highway Authority is handling the hiring of a qualified, competent contractor to carry on the work. H-Young Company was selected to improve the surface to grade II bitumen standard, widen the road to across, with culverts, drainage channels and side paths at a cost of KSh10.8 billion (US$108 million). As of December 2018, construction works were approximately 20 percent complete, with a completion date of December 2019.

Turtle Creek generally runs southwest through North Dallas, passing through Highland Park (an incorporated city and enclave surrounded by Dallas), then back into Dallas through the Oak Lawn community and Turtle Creek neighborhood alongside Turtle Creek Boulevard, through Reverchon Park, and ultimately through the West Dallas Design District where it flows into the Trinity River Meanders culverts. The Meanders are the original riverbed of the Trinity River through Dallas. For flood control purposes, the Meanders section was rerouted through underground culverts in the early 20th century. The main riverbed was also redirected through a new channel excavated to the west.

The species is found across Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo, and also suspected to inhabit Singapore. The species is mostly found in lowland primary forest. It roosts singly or in pairs in caves, hollows formed by trees, and also man-made places like culverts.

The Hoquiam River and its tributaries support runs of Chinook, chum and coho salmon, steelhead, and sea-run coastal cutthroat trout. Barriers such as culverts have been removed or replaced in recent years, allowing fish to migrate upstream farther and more easily.

Katherine Redding. San Francisco Chronicle. 03-04-2003. Retrieved 27-01-2011. The group holds up to 40 events a year where the volunteers work on refuse collection, graffiti removal, removing culverts in addition to plating native vegetation and removing invasive species.

At the water terminus there was a wharf long by wide, commanding a fall of above high water level at the shoots. The masonry, bridges, culverts, etc., were of cut freestone, from a nearby quarry. The total cost of construction was $160,000.

The River Des Peres rises in the hills near the University City and Clayton boundary, flows north, takes a strong turn at Ruth Park, and then runs through culverts southeast through the city of St. Louis to debouche in the Mississippi River.

The CCC also built the entrance portal, concession building (currently the park headquarters and storage facility), waterfront storage building (currently the boat house), pavilion and dance terrace, picnic tables, barbecue pits, water fountains, vehicle and foot bridges, culverts and a water tower.

The combination of sun and sufficiently warm air temperatures a few days during midsummer can produce snowmelt on adjacent Ross Island. The subsequent runoff is largely diverted by ditches and culverts into McMurdo Sound, rather than the bay, according to the National Science Foundation report.

Sharana is almost 50 – 60 km away from Ghazni provincial centre which takes normally one hour due to damage of some bridges and culverts by the Taliban and Haqqani Network. The population of Sharana is mostly composed of Pashtun, followed by minorities Hazara and Tajiks.

The three North American subspecies are P. f. fulva, P. f. pallida, and P. f. citata. All three will usually nest in natural caves and sinkholes, or in some areas they will nest in or underneath man-made structures (highway culverts, under bridges, etc.).

The creek passes through stone and concrete culverts when flowing under Main Avenue. Numerous stream segments have braided flows or channel loss. The creek flows through 21 pipes, whose diameters range from . Keyser Creek is topographically very similar to the nearby Saint Johns Creek.

It is insectivorous, though a record exists of one individual eating fruit. It is nocturnal, roosting in sheltered places during the day such as caves or culverts. These roosts contain 10-500 individuals in associations called colonies. Roosts are shared with bats of other species.

Shelter sheds were constructed at Cross Creek and Summit, and several picnic areas along the route. A retaining wall and culverts were installed near the entrance to Price's Tunnel in 2009 by the Department of Conservation to remedy a slip that occurred the previous year.

Coldbrook creek starts at Fisk Lake in the backyard of the Blodgett mansion. Except for a portion that runs through the campus of Aquinas College and within Highland Park, most of the stream has been made to run in culverts as the Coldbrook Drain.

This road, parts of which have been gravel surfaced with other parts in various stages of deteriorating tarmac surface, has been undergoing upgrade to class II bitumen surface, with shoulders, drainage channels and culverts. In March 2015, the road was listed as "under construction".

In terms of damages, Wardha River caused the most severe damage to houses, land and infrastructure. However, low-lying agricultural lands, crops and infrastructure like roads, electric poles, culverts, farm cattle and crops or plantations on the Jalalkheda side of the river received less damages.

During the 2017 California floods, the highest inflow in history filled the lake, and a weir was made to handle outflow. Oversized culverts were quickly put under US95 and lined with ripraps to let the water cross the road and protect Fallon from flooding.

When the water table is medium or high these waters meet at Purley, run in a culvert the length of the Brighton Road, South Croydon, and merge into the surface water drains and culverts in the town centre (which become much of the above stream).

Culverts are commonly used both as cross-drains to relieve drainage of ditches at the roadside, and to pass water under a road at natural drainage and stream crossings. A culvert may be a bridge-like structure designed to allow vehicle or pedestrian traffic to cross over the waterway while allowing adequate passage for the water. Culverts come in many sizes and shapes including round, elliptical, flat-bottomed, open-bottomed, pear-shaped, and box-like constructions. The culvert type and shape selection is based on a number of factors including requirements for hydraulic performance, limitations on upstream water surface elevation, and roadway embankment height.

It is above ground through much of the Maple Ridge, Southeast and Pylypow industrial areas, moving back into a culvert near 43a Street and 69 Avenue in the northwest corner of Pylypow. The Creek remains in underground culverts through the Weir, Davies and Gainer industrial areas as well as the Kenilworth and Ottewell neighbourhoods. It emerges in ponding areas in a park on the northwest side of Austin O'Brien Catholic High School, on the north central edge of Ottewell. From there, with exceptions for culverts and ponding areas, Fulton Creek flows above ground through the park like Fulton Creek Ravine, which divides the Terrace Heights and Fulton Place neighbourhoods.

The contract was let to Cornishman Tom Pascoe, a Cooktown resident, who tendered with a price of 6/- per yard. He used slabs cut locally from granite boulders along the slopes and spurs of Grassy Hill. In addition to the kerbing constructed by Pascoe, culverts at the junction of Banks and Charlotte Streets were constructed by day labour over a two-week period in the latter months of 1884, the stone for this work being cut from near the Seaview Hotel (no longer in existence), about September. Early in 1887 Tom Pascoe again successfully tendered with the municipal council, winning the contract to construct the Hill Street culverts.

Several structures along this section are included in a National Register listing. Contributing structures to the listing include one bridge, one overpass and four concrete box culverts. The three-span, continuous steel multibeam bridge, in the northbound lanes, dates to 1950 and features concrete balusters and top rails. The box culverts were built as part of the 1926 road's foundation and range in width from . There are also four non-historic bridges constructed during the 1970s and 1980s along this stretch of US 66. Historic Route 66 & IL 53 in Joliet south of Theodore Street Currently, IL 53 coincides with Route 66 through Joliet.

It simulates operational structures such as sluice gates, weirs, culverts, pumps, bridges with operating strategies. DB module: a dam break module. It provides complete facilities for definition of dam geometry, breach development in time and space as well as failure mode. AUTOCAL module: an automatic calibration tool.

Around 1938, the Works Progress Administration created stone walls and culverts on the stream near the Mattes Community Center. The daylighting of Mountain Lake Run was proposed in 2013. A report suggested doing it while widening Interstate 81 but noted that it might not be cost-effective.

As at 1 December 2014, the condition of the road was good and substantially intact. Numerous archaeological features from early road lines are evident including road fabric, walling, culverts and road cuttings and formations. There is much physical evidence of various eras of Colonial road present.

In 1970, the West Fork was altered to provide irrigation to the new Meadow Springs Country Club. They built four reservoirs connected by culverts. This made fish passage through the golf course on the West Fork nearly impossible. The East Fork was left in its natural state.

Branch, p. 498 American bombers caused substantial damage to Northern road and rail infrastructure, including bridges, culverts, depots, ports and docks. Nevertheless, an enormous effort kept transportation networks open. Some 500,000 workers were mobilized to repair bomb damage as needed, with an additional 100,000 constantly at work.

This "unofficial" aqueduct crosses Broad Run in Montgomery County. It was originally two stone culverts long, and listed as Culvert #44½. Construction originally began in 1829, on section 53, and after several contractors worked on it, was completed in 1833. It later washed out in 1846.

All stations except Bergkrystallen were upgrades, receiving new sheds, lighting, platform decks and improved accessibility. The ballast had become clogged up, hindering proper drainage. Tracks and ballast were replaced, allowing the temporary speed limit of to be abolished. In addition, two bridges and two culverts were renovated.

River Misbourne was diverted via culverts under M25 motorway. This is the downstream portal of the culvert. The railway viaduct is visible over the trees in the background. In 1906 the Great Western Railway (GWR) constructed the Chalfont Viaduct to carry trains between London and across the river.

About 10 hours later, it made landfall near Big Creek, Belize. In that country, an estimated of rain fell in 24 hours, causing several rivers to overflow their banks. In some areas, culverts were washed away. At least 54 people living along Hope Creek were relocated to shelters.

There are a number of small concrete culverts and open drains, concrete retaining walls in the Delaney Gorge, and modern Queensland Rail communications installations at the stations and Wirra Wirra siding which are not significant. The sleepers of the main line within the railway reserve are not significant.

History of Beighton , beighton4life, accessed 17 January 2008 The course of the stream has been influenced by human intervention in the 20th century with the brook being diverted underground and flowing through culverts on three occasions as it traverses locations which were formerly landfill sites and extensive railway sidings.

Kaziranga National Park has a wide network of forest roads. These roads are either graveled or fair weather in nature. These roads are to be repaired annually after the flood season is over to make them usable again. There are several wooden bridges and culverts on these roads.

Chalakudy used to house the tramway workshop and timber yard. The section had two locomotives to pull the trucks and saloons. The locomotives, rolling stock and machinery for the tramway were supplied by Orenstein and Koppel of Germany. P&W; MacLennan of the U.K. supplied the bridges and culverts.

The amphitheater is built about one hundred feet from the lodge, with seating interspersed with trees. A projection booth and screen once existed, but were removed. An elaborate arrangement of stone gutters and culverts provides drainage. The Moraine Park Lodge adjoins the William Allen White Cabins historic district.

The project would also modify or remove barriers, mostly culverts under roads, that block fish migration on the Cold Creek and Las Virgenes Creek tributaries of Malibu Creek upstream from the dam. The project would start in 2025, and take eight years to complete."Staff Report". California Coastal Commission.

The 850th HEC ("Renegades") Company resides in Cambridge, Minn. The unit's primary mission is to provide command and control of engineer platoon effects that are necessary to conduct missions such as repair, maintain, construct air/ground lines of communication (LOC); emplace culverts; hauling; force protection; and limited clearing operations.

The plan involved the building of 17 bridges and culverts and 7 km embankment. The line speed was set as 160 km/h with provision for a further upgrade to 200 km/h. (2 page data sheet) Currently, the route is only protected by Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung (PZB) train control.

There are 389 Bridges and culverts in Hamilton including 25 bridges being built for the Red Hill Valley Parkway. Total Replacement value is more than $350-million. Hamilton has the second largest number of municipal bridges in Ontario. Up to $6-million is spent annually on bridge projects.

Despite the demolition in 1996 of all of the above-ground structure of the South station, foundations, culverts and more remained. These needed to be removed before construction could start. The removal of these underground structures was completed in early 2007, whereupon construction of the houses began immediately.

It is thought that there are several goits in culverts near Blonk Street, but their exact extent is unknown. The culverted Porter Brook joins the River Sheaf, which is also culverted, below Sheffield Railway Station, and the combined flows join the Don between Lady's Bridge and Blonk Street bridge.

Since then, to reduce erosion from the outmoded logging infrastructure, the Forest Service and the water bureau have been decommissioning parts of the Bull Run forest road network, which had grown to . By autumn 2008, they had closed of roads, were dismantling another , and were removing 245 culverts.

Papers from these have been published as The Archers in Fact and Fiction: Academic Analyses of Life in Rural Borsetshire (2016, Peter Lang:), Custard, Culverts and Cake (2017, Emerald: and Gender, Sex and Gossip: Women in The Archers (2019, Emerald: ) The group aims to be "curious, generous and joyful".

A decaying concrete section of culvert follows until the Sheaf joins the Don under Castlegate bridge, opposite Blonk Street bridge, named after Benjamin Blonk, who was the tenant of Castle Orchards Wheel from the 1750s to the 1770s. 'Megatron' Arch within the River Sheaf Culverts, under Exchange St.

The 3,800-foot-long culverts were built spanning the entire length of the creek's path through the airport property. The contract to perform the culverting was awarded to Independence Excavating in 2001, with construction starting in January 2002 and finishing in 2004. Lake Abram in Middleburg Heights, Ohio.

Nottingham City Council planning guidanceNottingham City Council Local Plan 2005, Chapter 9 and best practice from the Environment AgencyEnvironment Agency Policy Regarding Culverts is now to remove culverts, which are expensive to maintain and can cause flooding when they are blocked or damaged. As a result, a number of developments along the course of the Leen now open up previously culverted stretches of the waterway. A new Tesco development in Bulwell town centre, which received planning permission in 2008, will remove the culvert under the former Kwik Save supermarket.Nottingham City Council planning application 08/02642/PFUL3 In Radford, a new student village at Chettle's Yard will open up a long stretch of the river parallel to the railway line.

Most of the stone guttering occurs on the left-hand side of the road on the drive up the range, although one section of guttering survives on the outside of the slope, some from the beginning of the road. Over 200 reinforced concrete culverts, or "pipe culverts", occur along the road. Although it is now difficult to determine where many of the campsites used by the road workers during construction of the Mount Spec Road were situated, the location of The Saddle Campsite, some from the beginning of the road, is marked by three ship's water tanks located within the road reserve. The tanks are about square and about deep (approximately 1000L capacity each).

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. Mount Spec Road is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of an early declared Tourist Road designed to open scenic locations to tourist traffic and constructed in hilly terrain by a large depression-era labour force using limited mechanical assistance. These characteristics include the extensive use of concrete arch culverts, dry stone walling and stone-paved gutters; the inclusion of a substantial concrete arch bridge over Little Crystal Creek rather than a less substantial timber structure; and the facing of the bridge and the arch culverts with stone. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.

Completion of the $9.8 million contract is scheduled for February 2021. Contract #2 includes the reconstruction of 46 culverts, cleaning 16 additional culverts and removal of one more, reconstruction of one grade crossing, and construction of six wetland impact mitigation areas. The $18.3 million contract was awarded to J.F. White on March 6, 2019, with completion expected in June 2020. Contract #3 includes replacement of four railroad bridges and one culvert, plus of track replacement. The $26.1 million contract was awarded to J.F. White, with completion planned for November 2020. On May 11, 2020, a $159 million contract (#7) was awarded to Skanska DW White JV for the Fall River Secondary portion of phase 1.

Cleanup began soon after Emma passed Okinawa, and electricity was restored to the islands after late on November 13. Telephone service soon returned on the next day. Repairs for roads, culverts, and drainage ditches began in February 1960, using $100,000 (1960 USD) of funding requested after the storm hit Okinawa.

In 1995, two rare albino deer were spotted in the park. In 2008, the park received a federal grant for $130,000 to build concrete culverts to allow box turtles to safely cross Keadle Road within the park. The pilot program was the first of its kind in the United States.

The Bhore ghat have eight lofty viaducts having a total length of 2,961 feet. Two of the largest are more than 500 feet long with a maximum height of 1160 and 163 feet. There are 22 bridges of spans from 7 to 30 feet and 81 culverts of various sizes.

There are more than a dozen obstructions along the stream. There are a number of culverts on it between the Sunflower Daycare Center driveway and its confluence with Limestone Run. None of them are capable of withstanding a 100 year flood. The stream is conveyed through underground pipes in some reaches.

In addition to this, the culverts in the locks can dispose of per second. Gatun Upper Locks Completed, April 1, 1910. Gatun Lake has an area of at its normal level; it stores of water, which is about as much as the Chagres River brings down in an average year.

Smaller streams crossed the aqueduct through culverts: one, very near the source, is still well-preserved. The inside of the aqueduct was also plastered with a reddish mixture called opus signinum. This mixture contained lime as well as crushed bricks. This material hardened under water and prevented leakages to the outside.

The Highway Division is primarily responsible for the construction and maintenance of Vermont's road system. Its tasks also include installing and maintaining signals, signs, and culverts, providing grants and support for municipal level projects, maintaining the agency's fleet of vehicles, providing safety training, and informing the public of road conditions.

Sewers – Suffolk's answer to Stonehenge East Anglian Daily Times, 19 November 2007 There have been attempts to give the culverts Scheduled Monument status as a "rare early example of municipal plumbing". The northernmost valley also contains a small stream as well as being the former route of the abandoned railway line.

Four people were injured when their home was lifted and dropped back down. In southern Belize, an estimated of rain fell in 24 hours, causing several rivers to top their banks. In some areas, culverts were washed away. At least 54 people living along Hope Creek were relocated to shelters.

So the embankments, culverts, tunnels and bridges were designed for two tracks. The line was electrified during the Second World War because of coal shortages and rising coal prices. Electrical operations commenced between Turgi and Koblenz on 14 October 1944. The section between Koblenz and Waldshut, however, was electrified in 1999.

In October 1958, a project to grade and build drainage, culverts, and bridges from Cairo to Midway was started. It was finished by 1960, already paved in asphalt. The route was also extended southwestward to MS 30 in gravel. By 1974, a small segment east of MS 365 was realigned northward.

The historic stream network in Vancouver, B.C. In the 1880s there were over 50 wild salmon streams in Vancouver alone. However, as Vancouver grew, these streams were lost to urbanization. They were covered by roads, homes, and businesses. They were also lost when they were buried beneath sewers or culverts.

Climbing lanes are also provided at certain sections with steep gradient, to assist slow moving vehicles. The project also involves the construction of viaducts, bridges and culverts. Those who want to go from Simpang Pulai to Kuala Berang/Kuala Berang to Simpang Pulai must go through part of federal route 8.

Many of the bridges and culverts were deemed unsafe to cross. In 2007 and 2008, the road and many creek crossings were surveyed. Many old wood structures were replaced with CSP's and concrete/ steel composite bridges. The engineering was done by Matt P. Crawford, Civil Engineer Technologist, and Lee Deslauriers, P. Eng, RPF.

Flow devices are either specially designed pipes installed through beaver dams, or pipe and/or fence systems that protect road culverts from being blocked. The beneficial effects of beavers on stream flow, riparian habitat, salmon and trout, and wetland creation can be sustained with application of these inexpensive technologies, which require little maintenance.

The 166.26 km-long highway became operational in 2017, and has 20.90 km of service road, 18 pedestrian underpasses, 5 vehicular underpasses, 5 flyovers, 13 small bridges, 71 intersections, 241 culverts and railways over bridges. The cost of production for project was ₹2,290 crore, including a viability gap funding of ₹234 crore.

Steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) occurred historically in Adobe Creek. However, tidal gates at the mouth of Adobe Creek as well as culverts at the El Camino Real and Interstate 280 overpasses probably preclude the passage of migrating salmonids, even though the reaches upstream from Hidden Villa have been judged excellent trout habitat.

Mosquitoes require sugar as their main source of energy. By mimicking the scent of sugar-providing plants that are naturally attractive to mosquitoes, it is possible to attract the mosquitoes to insecticide-laden traps. The traps can be set next to areas with significant mosquito populations (e.g., reservoirs, roadside drainage ponds and culverts).

To install the culverts all train traffic past the stop had to cease. Total price for the project was 40 million Norwegian krone. The new Furumo Station opened on 9 December 2012 and the same day the old Harestua Station closed. The new station took the name Harestua on 15 December 2013.

Kundli–Manesar–Palwal Expressway passes through Pachgaon. The Pachgaon to Palwal stretch has 15 flyovers and 75 minor structures like culverts, etc. Villagers want to change name of expressway to Kundali-Pachgaon-Palwal Expressway as it passes through Pachgaon not from Manesar. Farmers have staged protests and blocked NH-8 in the past.

It has been inferred that these bats live near water sources because of the abundance of insects at these sights. In addition to being found near the water sources mentioned previously, these bats have been found roosting in man-made structures such as water culverts, modern buildings, and even ancient Panama ruins.

Much of the length of Subiaco Creek has been contained within a network of reserves and parks. The art historian Bernard Smith recounts memories of picking "great bunches of wildflowers" along Subiaco Creek in his youth. Some sections of the creek near Cowells Lane Reserve have been placed in culverts and covered over.

Leakage also meant that some sections needed to be lined with puddle clay. Lime kilns were constructed to provide the materials. These kilns can still be seen beside the canal, close to the Waytown Tunnel. Fenacre Bridge and Fossend Bridge were constructed at Burlescombe, where culverts were also needed to manage the streams.

Dams and perched or undersized culverts limit the madtom's ability to distribute throughout streams to find good quality habitat. For example, the construction of Falls Lake dam in the upper Neuse isolated Carolina madtoms in the upper basin from the middle Neuse basin. Isolated or patchy distributions of fish may limit genetic exchange.

Small streams were bridged with culverts. Initially larger streams were forded or had ferries provided (such as the ferry across the Tanana at Rika's Landing), but as time and funds permitted, larger bridging projects were carried out, such as the bridge across the Tazlina River, and the bridge across the Tonsina River.

Six campgrounds were fully destroyed, and seven more were damaged. Roads, bridges, and culverts were also lost. The passage of the Wilderness Act earlier that year created new wilderness areas and controversy over the management for the new areas. This era also marked the establishment and growth of an activist environmental movement.

Although a large part of the original dry stone wall in this location was removed during development of the car park, some sections still remain within the road reserve. Many of the stones of the wall were taken away and reused to build the walking track to Witt's Lookout at Paluma, although a pile of unused stones remain adjacent to the Witt's Lookout track. There are several smaller concrete arch culverts, similar in construction to the bridge over Little Crystal Creek, and sections of dry stone walling (battering) and stone-paved gutters at various points along the full length of the road. The sections of stone guttering range from in length and were constructed only where needed to divert run-off into pipe culverts.

In 2014, plans, which were obtained through a freedom of information request by Save Ridgewood Reservoir, a local nonprofit dedicated to keeping the reservoir in its natural state, indicate the City's intention to construct culverts to breach the three basins. These plans illustrate the design and construction of culverts large enough to accommodate trucks and are part of a City Parks Department project that has been said is necessary to eliminate a flooding hazard. This has brought the concerns of development of the site back to the forefront. The City has stated that unless this work is done, the State of New York will issue fines since the reservoir has been classified as a dam and according to guidelines is therefore a flooding hazard.

In 1934, the City of Kerrville donated 517 acres to the State Parks Board for development of a state park. CCC Company 1823CV arrived in January 1935 to begin construction on project SP-58. The company stayed until May 1937. CCC work at the park included building the park road, culverts, and other park infrastructure.

Further northeast, record rains triggered damaging floods in Vermont. Many areas received over of rain, with a maximum of falling in Jeffersonville. Several homes were damaged, one beyond repair, roads were washed out, and bridges were damaged. Several culverts, already known to be inadequate following flooding from Tropical Storm Irene in 2011, were overwhelmed.

The network will be executed over four phases. There will be five main lines: 1 freight line, 3 mixed passenger and freight lines and 1 high-speed passenger line. Phase 1 includes construction of nearly 143 km of railway track with a station, three freight yards, an intermodal yard, 59 bridges and 36 culverts.

Sterry Creek is a large first-order stream. The creek is one major source of flooding in the borough of Jessup. Debris gathering at culverts on the creek causes it to back of and flood nearby properties and basements. The creek is a "mostly quiet stream" that is usually "little more than a trickle".

In early October, Newfoundland was again struck by a tropical cyclone – Hurricane Ophelia. Though a weaker storm, Ophelia caused more damage than expected as it destroyed infrastructure repaired in the wake of Igor. The mayor of Marystown criticized government officials for not increasing the size of repairs, especially to culverts, to account for flooding.

Some of the drains are stone pitched. The road has suffered from the activities of four-wheel driving with damage to some of the culverts and to the adjacent metalled and stone road surfaces. Approximately of the road are in fair to excellent condition. Many of the associated features are in good to excellent condition.

The planning of the route was completed at the end of 1882. All plans for the railway stations, bridges and culverts were completed in the summer of 1883. In the following months, the line was divided into seven sections for construction. On 17 December 1883, the proposed route was verified by the National Police.

Total length of concrete road is 683.62 km, dirt road is 2178.73 km, HBB road is 176.05 km and the railway is 56 km. There are 14 railway stations, 1 bus station and 7 helipads in this district. There are 365 bridges and 1281 culverts in this district. There is no airport in this district.

49 The German attack commenced on 14 April and the brigade defended its position for three days before being withdrawn. Kippenberger's battalion was chosen to be the rearguard and he personally intervened in the demolition of bridges and culverts through Servia Pass to ensure that as many stragglers as possible were collected.McLean, 2008, pp.

Instead it was extended north to MS 356, south of Burnsville. In 1959, a $246,395 () project to pave a section of the road from Burton to Cairo started. Four years later, another part of the route from Cairo to Burnsville began grading and adding drainage and culverts. All of MS 365 was paved by 1964.

There are 13 contributing resources to this historic district, 11 structures and two objects. The structures include the of roadway, the road drainage system, eight culverts, and a skew I-beam bridge. Empire Construction paved this section of the Lincoln Highway in 1924. Part of the paving project included the construction of a new bridge.

Pen Brook rises at the Fox Covey on Castle Hill and flows through Stonnall Gorse and alongside Lazy Hill Road where it then enters a series of culverts at Chester Road. The brook is visible on the eastern side of the playing fields and again where it emerges from the last culvert at the Wall Heath fields.

He already established many schools and colleges. Beside these, he has been playing a vital role in the development activities of various organizations including construction of roads, bridges, culverts, hospitals, schools, colleges, madrasa , mosques, temples, churches and graveyards. He has built a new stadium in Tongi named Shahid Ahsan Ullah Master Stadium and renovated Shahid Barkat Stadium in Gazipur.

Sarangesa lucidella, the lucidella elfin, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Ethiopia, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, from Kenya to Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe and Botswana.Afrotropical Butterflies: Hesperiidae - Subfamily Pyrginae The habitat consists of shady banks of culverts. Adults are on wing from July to October and from January to May.

Stream channelization and urbanization, particularly culverts have led to range restriction and declining populations of the Yazoo darter. The species is listed as near- threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, sensitive by the United States Forest Service, globally imperiled by The Nature Conservancy, and vulnerable by the Southeastern Fisheries Council and American Fisheries Society.

The station is long and wide. Excavation depth is at . It has three entrances, two elevators for the disabled, and two vent shafts. Due to space limitations caused by the Xinyi Expressway, a vehicle overpass, and Taiwan Power Company culverts, the station was constructed using the pipe jacking method instead of the usual cut-and-cover method.

In the 1980s or 1990s, the White Deer Golf Course was expanded. During the expansion, a number of culverts were created, which led to the formation of a pond with brown water. This pond flows into Black Hole Creek. There is also a pond near the Allenwood Federal Prison, which flows into the creek, drastically increasing its water temperature.

Flowing past Temple Hill, a peak of the San Joaquin Hills to the east, it crosses the Wood Canyon Trail three times. Several grouted riprap drop structures have been built here to protect the trail from stormwater erosion. It then passes under the Aliso Creek Trail through a series of culverts and cascades down into Aliso Creek.

Finally, between Cookston and Barrie, three culverts carrying the roads were destroyed. Many other highways were affected by bridge and other structural damages, which included Highways 2, 5, 7, 11, 26, 27, and 49. There were a few fatalities due to car crashes; for instance, one person died when his car plunged into a cave-in on Highway 7.

The surface water had overwhelmed two 24-inch culverts, and undermined the roadbed. The engine and tender made it across the damaged track, with the rear tender truck being derailed. The rear truck floating lever was damaged, rendering the tender brakes inoperative. The entire 5-car consist, however, had become uncoupled from the tender and derailed.

The lodge, completed in November 1934, replaced an older structure. It's flagstone patio was finished in July 1935. A memorial to U.S. Senator Jonathan P. Dolliver, for whom the park is named, was completed in May 1935. Other projects completed by the CCC include a latrine, footbridges, culverts, stone steps along a hiking trail, the trail itself, and roads.

An stretch of standard single carriageway between Strokestown and Longford commenced construction in September 2001 and was officially opened on 10 May 2004 at a cost of €21 million. The project includes two river bridges, one rail bridge, 500 metres of culverts and 600,000 cubic metres of earthworks - including excavation of 350,000 cubic metres of peat.

In November 2016, the upgrade of the road to grade II bitumen standard, with culverts, shoulders and drainage channels began. Te work was contracted to China Communications Construction Company Limited (CCCC) and China Railway Group 3 Construction Company. The construction bill totaled USh646.8 billion (approx. US$175 million), funded by te government of Uganda and other development partners.

Fulton Creek is a minor tributary which flows into the North Saskatchewan River. Fulton Creek originates within The Meadows area of Edmonton, Alberta. As with other urban Edmonton waterways, with long stretches running through underground culverts, and water volume managed by other urban land uses and for erosion control, Fulton Creek has been labeled a lost creek.

A time series can be applied to a polygon, or a series of polygons. Alternatively a rainfall grid can be applied. This is particularly useful for applying RADAR rainfall. ANUGA can model culverts and bridges with code from the open source Watershed Bounded Network Model (WBNM){Boyd, Rigby, VanDrie}, having a pipe, box and trapezoid routine.

The watershed of Wadham Creek has an area of . The creek's mouth is in the United States Geological Survey's Wilkes-Barre West quadrangle, while its source is in the Kingston quadrangle. There are a number of diversions and debris structures on Wadham Creek upstream of Plymouth. In Plymouth, the creek flows through both open channels and culverts.

Looking downstream from the Spring Creek Dam. The Spring Creek Powerplant is the white structure in the left of the picture. As easily seen, Spring Creek flows through several large arch culverts below the dam. The Spring Creek Powerplant is located at the base of the Spring Creek Dam, and is actually supplied by flow from Whiskeytown Lake.

Saggian interchange includes a portion of the main Lahore Ring Road, a outfall road, a flyover, two subways and two utility culverts. The project also includes landscaping, development of service areas and bus-bays. Total cost of the project is RS. 959 million, as mentioned at the website of the contractor of the project.Habib Construction Services Pvt.

Urban drainage in Medellín is a substantial challenge. Drainage of stormwater includes a combination of creeks and culverts flowing from urbanized areas to the Medellín River. Flow velocity can be significant since the slopes surrounding Medellín are steep and long. Many eroded sediments are washed down and pose a hazard in the form of dangerous mud flows.

Routing the canal through the Ischua-Hinsdale area enabled merchants to transport commerce from Rochester to Pittsburgh. Thirteen feeder creeks fed the canal. The contract for the culverts on the Ischua feeder, as well as on lock sections 98 through 101, in Maplehurst, was awarded to Joseph T. Lyman and Dauphin Murray on Oct. 11, 1839.

The hurricane struck Dominica with little warning with winds exceeding 70 mph (115 km/h). Fifty people were killed and two hundred homes were destroyed. Many of the homes, bridges, and culverts were overtaken by swollen rivers that rose to unprecedented heights. The storm was particularly destructive to the island's agriculture, including cocoa, coconut, lime, and rubber production.

Eventually, the shops were forced to move to other areas. The nullah, which also emitted a foul stench, was culverted in 1959"Nullahs and Culverts" SCMP, Sept 5, 1959 and relocated underground, where the stream from The Peak still flows today. Although the nullah can no longer be found on the lane, the street name was left unchanged.

The recent construction of the Kingskerswell bypass along the Aller valley, required various environmental measures to be included due to the local wildlife. This included the construction of a specially designed tunnel for otters, which will help them navigate beneath the new carriageway when their normal routes, such as culverts are flooded and inaccessible due to high brook levels.

Groups ranging in size from five to ten guerrillas were assigned specific missions. Bridges, culverts, fuel depots and ships were destroyed to decrease the mobility of the Pakistan Army. However, the Mukti Bahini failed in its Monsoon Offensive after Pakistani reinforcements successfully countered Bengali engagements. Attacks on border outposts in Sylhet, Comilla and Mymensingh had limited success.

The catchment is predominantly residential with some commercial development in the vicinity of Rhodes Street and Herbert Street. Most of the drainage system in the Charity Creek catchment consists of concrete pipes or boxed culverts. The creek is culverted down to Meadowbank Boys High School. Below this is a short reach of natural open channel to the railway line.

When living in captivity, these bats roost in artificial structures such as houses, culverts, and water towers. Though this bat is an opportunistic predator (diet depends upon prey availability), smaller bats, fish, and frogs constitute much of the biomass of its diet, so changes in rainfall such as drought can be detrimental to them by eliminating larger prey.

The chosen route includes two new locks, open channels, tunnels and culverts. Two new highway bridges were built, as well as flow control structures and utility diversions. The docks between Salisbury Dock and Prince's Half-Tide Dock were filled in with just a small drainage channel remaining. Following dredging in the 1990s, this section was in water and navigable.

1930s map of Guangzhou showing the former course of the Xiguan Creek at the bottom left. Xiguan Creek () is a former river located in Xiguan, Guangzhou, China. It was about long and divided into two branches: the Upper Xiguan Creek and the Lower Xiguan Creek. Because of urban development, the waterway has been converted into culverts.

Word of Charles skill as a stonemason spread quickly; he was hired to build homes throughout the Centerville and Farmington area. Charles' career in masonry spanned from 1853 to 1891. Charles taught the trade to his three sons, John, Charles and Archibald. Most of the early rock buildings and culverts in South Davis County were built by the Duncans.

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada is home to several bodies of water within and around its boundaries. Of over 30 historically salmon-bearing streams diverted into underground culverts due to urbanization, several have been restored to a state visible and habitable again by plants and wildlife.Spanish Banks Creek in Vancouver, British Columbia (B.C.). Urbanstreams.org. Retrieved on 2014-04-12.

Infrastructure features included limestone culverts, head walls, and limestone or concrete sidewalks. They constructed roads and cleared, leveled, sodded, and drained the camp. Other facilities include the 136th Regional Training Institute, state Combined Support Maintenance Shops, the armory of the 36th Infantry Division headquarters, a clinic, a parachute packing and storage facility, and additional storage buildings.

This motorway is 4 lane, having 9 interchanges, 8 flyovers, 20 bridges and 18 underpasses.[9x Interchange, 20x Brs, 18x Underpasses, 12x Subways, 23 Cattle Creeps & 207x culverts]. 3 industrial zones and 2 universities would also be established along with the project. It is linked with M2 and N5 through Lahore link road near Kala Shah Kaku.

The Malago is culverted through much of Withywood and Bishopsworth, and is joined on the right bank by the Pigeonhouse after passing under the A4174 road. The Malago flows below Novers Hill into Bedminster where it disappears into culverts before emerging through storm drains into the New Cut opposite to the former entrance to the Bathurst Basin.

Other plans for recovery include placing straw waddles down as erosion barriers, using bulldozers for reseeding, aerial dropping straw and mulch on intensely burned hillsides for drainage purposes, using log stabilizers to stop erosion, cleaning out and removing some culverts on the roads and adding over 1,000 new drainage structures to the trails impacted by the fire.

The Peaceful River is also a known habitat for various species of salmon. A survey conducted on the island determined that pink salmon were the dominant species in the river with 33,042 fish being observed in the river. The survey also revealed that salmon productivity could increase if culverts are maintained and concrete debris is removed from the river.

The area which it occupies was once a part of an area of tidal marshland, known as the Deadlake; Batholomew Terrace, a road now adjacent to the park, was marked on 19th century maps of the area as Deadlake Lane. At the end of the 19th century, culverts were constructed to channel a few small streams which fed into the Deadlake, and the creek was filled in with rubble from the quarries at Oreston and Cattedown, a mile or so away. After heavy rain the culverts can become overloaded and water forces its way to the surface. This has only been particularly dramatic once in the last 10 years, with no effect other than temporarily inconveniencing pedestrians using the park as a short cut between Millbridge and the city centre.

The corporation consulted John Taylor, one of the original directors and promoters of the Cardiff Waterworks Company, who had also been their Engineer, about the works at Ely. In a report produced on 23 September 1880, he recommended that the culverts be extended, and work began on new culverts on the north bank of the river, as a way to quickly increase the volume of water available. In an average year, this increased the resources to per day, and even in the very dry years of 1884 and 1887, the yield was still per day. The cost of the work was £10,614, while the project was managed by John Avery Brandon Williams, who had been Borough Engineer since 14 August 1876, and then became Waterworks Engineer from 11 June 1883.

The Patroon Creek flows east from the lake towards the Hudson River. The western section of the lake has two forks fed by inlet streams; the northern fork by groundwater, and the southern fork by a stream created by two drainage culverts and groundwater seepage. The two forks merge past the southern inlet stream. The lake has a surface area of .

Parts of the track have warped due to erosion, ground movement or the displacement of sleepers. This is especially evident near Lang Lang, Tooradin, and north of Koo-Wee-Rup. There are also questions about the integrity of some bridges and culverts along the route. Prior to the 1999 Victorian election, the state Labor Party promised to return passenger services to Leongatha.

This occurs particularly often in north central Mexico and increasingly in the United States with the increased use of highway culverts as nesting sites. Some concerns have been raised about the potential for, and instances of, interbreeding between the two species and the viability of the hybrids.Martin, R. F. (1982). Proximate Ecology and Mechanics of "Intergeneric" Swallow Hybridization (Hirundo rustica × Petrochelidon fulva).

Most breeding pairs are spaced well apart and maintain a core territory around their dens. Den excavations commence from late April to May in India, with dens located in scrub areas. Rivulets, gullies, and road and check-dam embankments are prime denning habitats. Drainage pipes and culverts have been used as dens. Dens are long and deep, with between 1–3 openings.

In total there are 36 culverts, 2 flood-release sluices and 4 road bridges associated with the main canal. A cross sluice was also built at Gaoliangjian苏北灌溉总渠工程 Retrieved January 9, 2015. between the Erhe river and the canal. This is a further flood drainage gate that strengthens the draining capacity of the main canal.

The work on a high-speed line (ligne à grande vitesse, or LGV) begins with earthmoving. The trackbed is carved into the landscape, using scrapers, graders, bulldozers and other heavy machinery. All fixed structures are built; these include bridges, flyovers, culverts, game tunnels, and the like. Drainage facilities, most notably the large ditches on each side of the trackbed, are constructed.

Railway Constructions Pakistan Limited (RAILCOP) is a subsidiary of Ministry of Railways was incorporated as a Public Limited Company in 1980. RAILCOP offers services in Engineering fields like railway tracks, railway stations, bridges, overhead bridges, under-passes, tunnels, culverts, railway facilities at port and harbors. RAILCOP has also completed a number of projects in Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Somalia, Iran and Senegal Railways.

Dragonfly Creek is a stream in the Presidio of San Francisco, California., Watershed map, access date December 31, 2008 Predominantly buried in underground culverts, the creek flows through a valley beneath stables and empties into Crissy Marsh in the bay. As part of the Doyle Drive construction project, the stream will be extensively restored. The creek is home to diverse types of wildlife.

Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945. The county board of supervisors used emergency funds to build new bridges. They bought several steel superstructures from the Des Moines Steel Company to replace the wash-out spans. The bowstring arch- truss structures appear to have been designed by H. Gene McKeown, a civil engineer from Council Bluffs.

Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945. The county board of supervisors used emergency funds to build new bridges. They bought several steel superstructures from the Des Moines Steel Company to replace the wash-out spans. The bowstring arch-truss structures appear to have been designed by H. Gene McKeown, a civil engineer from Council Bluffs.

Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945. The county board of supervisors used emergency funds to build new bridges. They bought several steel superstructures from the Des Moines Steel Company to replace the wash- out spans. The bowstring arch-truss structures appear to have been designed by H. Gene McKeown, a civil engineer from Council Bluffs.

Pre-spawn mortality was first observed in the Puget Sound after efforts had gone into restoring urban watersheds in hopes of drawing salmon back to these areas. Restoration consisted of removing culverts, debris, and any other barriers.NOAA Coastal Storm Programs. Available online at: Stormwater and Salmon- Pre-spawn Mortality of Coho Salmon in Restored Urban Streams Accessed on 4 May 2013.

Pike are often found near the exit of culverts, which can be attributed to the presence of schools of prey fish and the opportunity for ambush. Being potamodromous, all esocids tend to display limited migration, although some local movement may be of key significance for population dynamics. In the Baltic, they are known to follow herring schools, so have some seasonal migration.

The site of the main station buildings is currently covered in crushed concrete, left over from the demolition process. Underground workings, such as tunnels and culverts, also still exist on the site. The coal storage area to the north has been tarmaced and ash settling ponds have been filled with concrete. Some ash mounds are still situated to the east of the site.

Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945. The county board of supervisors used emergency funds to build new bridges. They bought several steel superstructures from the Des Moines Steel Company to replace the wash-out spans. The bowstring arch-truss structures appear to have been designed by H. Gene McKeown, a civil engineer from Council Bluffs.

Yellow Smoke Park Bridge is located on the eastern edge of Denison, Iowa, United States. Steel was in short supply during World War II as a part of the war effort. Many bridges built across the state were built in this era with timber, especially small-scale bridges. Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945.

Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945. The county board of supervisors used emergency funds to build new bridges. They bought several steel superstructures from the Des Moines Steel Company to replace the wash-out spans. The bowstring arch-truss structures appear to have been designed by H. Gene McKeown, a civil engineer from Council Bluffs.

In 2001, the government of Uganda borrowed US$64.5 million (USh100 billion at that time), from the International Development Association, to upgrade this road to class II bitumen surface, with drainage channels, culverts and shoulders. The work as completed in sections, starting with the Arua–Nebbi section, which was completed in December 2003. It continues to undergo periodic maintenance and rehabilitation.

Walter R. Geikie succeeded him as president until 1950. After 1950, operations were run by Walter's son, John. By 1914, the operation had expanded to include products such as decorative metal ceilings, walls and centers, metal lath, galvanized steel shingles, corrugated sheets, culverts and metal buildings, including garages. The Pedlar People guaranteed their metal roofs from leaking within 25 years of ownership.

Some sections were not completed until the 1950s.As part of the duplication and deviation works, new bridges were required, with the principal material for new bridges and culverts being bricks. Steel was an expensive option (requiring importation from Britain) whereas the use of bricks complied with a long- standing policy to use local materials as far as possible to contain costs.

Borguet won on 27 May 1834 the tender to build a 20-km long line "Brussels-Mechelen". Borguet's company carried out the earthworks, built three bridges and 43 culverts. It also built the foundations of the line and laid the main track and sidetracks in Brussels, Vilvoorde and Mechelen. The fencing and paving for the crossing of 20 roads were also built.

These nests may also be spotted under palm tree leaves, bridges, metal beams, branches, eaves or culverts. Generally nests are 19 cm in diameter. Colonies consist of 4 to 19 females, 1 to 4 males, 35 to 46 larvae, 28 to 32 eggs, and 13 to 43 pupae within a nest at the time of male engagement in larval feeding.

From Lock 5 at Little Falls to Cumberland (as mentioned above, the canal started at Little Falls, and was later extended down to Georgetown), the canal was divided into three divisions (of about apiece), each of which was further divided into 120 sections of about . A separate construction contract was issued for each section.Hahn Towpath p. 60-61 Locks, culverts, dams, etc.

Erosion is usually reduced by drop structures, and natural river channel processes, such as channel migration, meandering, and creation of stream pools and riffles, are also reduced. Drop structures can be used for flow control and to stabilize waterways and prevent the formation of gullies. They also have the potential to operate as inlets and outlets for other conservation structures, such as culverts.

In 1974, Lydney Rural District became part of the new Forest of Dean District. The derogatory nickname "Ducktown" is thought to be applied to Aylburton by outside elements (Lydney Football Team?) due to the former streams which ran alongside High Street (before culverts were built) leading to there being a highly visible duck population. The Parish Newsletter is now the "Ducktown Echo".

Most of Cranberry Creek's water was redirected to the Jeddo Tunnel until the creek was restored by the Pennsylvania Bureau of Abandoned Mine Reclamation and moved to its original location. Since the restoration of the creek, a series of drainage ditches and culverts have carried water from Pennsylvania Department of Transportation structures on Interstate 81 and Pennsylvania Route 924 to the creek.

Here it turns northward again, meeting Hyndburn Brook just before it passes under the M65 motorway bridge to the south of Dunkenhalgh, which continues past Clayton-le-Moors and Great Harwood, ultimately joining the River Calder. Today, much of the course of the river and parts of its tributaries run underground through culverts. The Hyndburn borough of Lancashire is named after the river.

Other constructions include stream culverts, two pedestrian/cycleway underpasses, minor retaining walls, and a 100-metre three span viaduct providing access for buses, cyclists and pedestrians to Barnstaple railway station. The plans allowed for reopening of the Barnstaple-Bideford railway, should this become financially viable. As with any project of this scale, many companies were employed in the development. Edmund Nuttall Ltd.

Wet infrastructure is the spectrum of water-related projects relating to water supply, treatment and storage, water resource management, flood management, coastal restoration, hydropower and renewable energy facilities. Common examples of wet infrastructure include new construction as well as renovations and maintenance of locks, weirs, storm-surge barriers, guiding structures, pumping plants, culverts, bridges, controlling systems, operating systems, and tunnel installations.

Surrey Domesday Book The manor of Kennington was divided from the manor of Vauxhall by the River Effra, a tributary of the River Thames. A smaller river, the River Neckinger, ran along the edge of the northern part of Kennington, approximately where Brook Drive is today (i.e. the brook) still forming the borough boundary. Both rivers have now been diverted into underground culverts.

Volunteers have planted thousands of indigenous trees and plants, removed tons of garbage, removed invasive plants, and had city help removing fish-blocking culverts and improving trails. Sightings of raccoons, opossum and birds are common. Taylor is the fourth-largest creek in urban Seattle. In 2010, the city of Seattle began a project to improve fish passage along the creek.

The Ise has a catchment area of . This is bisected in a north-south direction by the Elbe Lateral Canal that flows at a height of above sea level. The natural stream passes under the canal in culverts. The most important tributaries of the Ise are the Bruno, Beberbach and Knesebach; others include the Fulau, Gosebach, Isebeck, Momerbach and Riet.

In January 2020, the government of Uganda began preparations to upgrade and expand the road, using funds sourced from the African Development Bank. The single-carriageway road will be upgraded to class II bitumen surface, with culverts and drainage channels. The road width will be increased to . In the town of Kyotera, the width will be further increased to accommodate a parking lane.

In 1878 a new company leased the site to manufacture tinplate although by 1895 it was reported as closed and only some ruins, associated ponds, leats and culverts are now visible. The Angidy Trail See p.5, wyevalleyaonb.org.uk The bridge was used in the early 20th century as a horse- drawn tramway and now carries a tourist footpath to the opposite bank.

In September 2014, restoration work began on the canal section from Paulton to Radford, with the aim of restoring the entire canal to navigation in the future. The largest canal drydock in England has been revealed at Paulton; culverts and bridges nearby are being reinstated or rebuilt; and about of canal from Paulton to Radford has been in water since mid-2015.

Benches were installed along the routes, trees planted, interpretive panels and guide signs were installed. Green Gabion Baskets were placed along sections of the Shandwick Street trail to act as retaining walls where side slopes were steep. Drainage culverts were installed or improved along the trail where required. Two parking lots were created and decorative arches were installed to enhance the trail entrances.

Continuous sliplining generally requires bypassing the existing flow. Storm culverts are often installed without bypass pumping. If the HDPE pipe has been Butt Welded, the external bead must be removed from the pipe, which is done with an 'external de-beader' tool. This provides a smooth exterior on the HDPE pipe, allowing it to pass through the existing pipe easily.

Effective January 1, 2014, County Road 106 was transferred from ownership and maintenance responsibilities by Orange County to the Palisades Interstate Park Commission as a park road between Route 17 and the Rockland/Orange County border. Orange County had closed the road in the Spring of 2008 as a result of two culverts associated with Lake Kanawauke being determined by the County as unsafe to carry vehicular traffic. After discussions with the Commission, the County agreed to repair the culverts as well as make other required improvements to the road on the condition that the Commission takes possession of the road upon completion of said improvements. The agreement also made clear that the Commission would only accept the road as a park road and retain the authority to close it seasonally consistent with other park roads.

He was able to ascertain without much difficulty that the instructions had not been followed because no plans or sections of the track, bridges, stations, culverts or the work specified in the contract could be found. Even in the section, where the rails had been laid, the execution had only a provisional character: the railway embankments were made ftom material that had been dug-out alongside the embankment ditches, so that the drainage was obstructed, which led to water accumulation and endangered the strength of the railway embankments. Only in a few cuttings the sides were beveled, but the excavated material had been piled up along the crest line. Two of the culverts, one with drywall and the other one measuring 0.6 x 0.7 x 11.15 m (2 ft × 2 ft 4 in × 36 ft 7 in), were unsafe.

Four such contracts were granted. Unlike phase 1 where the trackbed was tidy and in use as a cycletrack and footpath, the first contract let for phase 2 involved site clearance and fencing of the four mile (6 km) route and this was let to Achnashean Contractors Ltd, of Llandygai. Significant bridge reconstruction work was needed for six overbridges, two underbridges and many drainage channels and culverts.

Steel corrugated culvert with a drop on the exhaust end, Northern Vermont Culverts can be constructed of a variety of materials including cast-in-place or precast concrete (reinforced or non-reinforced), galvanized steel, aluminum, or plastic (typically high-density polyethylene). Two or more materials may be combined to form composite structures. For example, open-bottom corrugated steel structures are often built on concrete footings.

In addition to the above, there are about 280 culverts constructed mainly by departmental workers. Constructing the highway was challenging for the JKR. There were many constraints, which slowed down progress. Some 27.5 million cubic metres of earth was required to be cut to construct the highway, of this over 3.8 million cubic metres was rock, which required drilling and blasting operations for its removal.

Flow devices are relatively cost- effective, low-maintenance solutions that regulate the water level of beaver dams and keep culverts open. A 2006 study by the Virginia Department of Transportation found that for every $1 spent on flow-device installation relative to historical preventive maintenance, road repairs, and beaver population control activities, $8 was saved, for a return on investment of nearly 8:1.

Some remnants of the branch beyond Ngakawau remain. Much of the formation remains visible, including embankments, cuttings and culverts. Part of the formation near Seddonville has been converted into the Chasm Creek Walkway, uses two bridges and one tunnel. The platform edge of Seddonville station remains, but the line to the Mokihinui Mine is now largely inaccessible as it is not near any roads.

At the school, all of the classrooms were flooded by up to of water, and a nearby parking lot buckled under the water. Several other structures in the area were also inundated during the storm, and two people needed to be rescued from their vehicle, which was stalled in waist-deep water. In Laclede County, severe flooding washed out low-lying roads and drainage culverts.

The lesser striped swallow builds a bowl-shaped mud nest with a tubular entrance on the underside of a suitable structure. The nest has a soft lining, and may be reused in later years. The nest may be built in a cave or under a rock overhang or a tree branch. This species has benefited from its willingness to use buildings, bridges, culverts and similar structures.

The upgrade of the road to grade II bitumen standard, with culverts, shoulders and drainage channels began in 2020. The work was contracted to Strabag International, a construction multinational, headquartered in Vienna, Austria. The construction bill is calculated at €54 million, jointly funded by the government of Uganda (10 percent) and the European Development Fund (90 percent). Work started in March 2020, with completion expected in 2023.

Breiavatnet is a small lake in the municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. The lake is located in the city of Stavanger. It is very shallow, only a few feet deep. The lake gets its water from the Kannikbekken stream, which flows from the lake Mosvatnet and runs through the city (the stream was put mostly underground in culverts and pipes in 1899).

Yosemite Creek is a body of water that originates at Yosemite Marsh in San Francisco's McLaren Park. The creek flows downhill towards Candlestick Point, mostly through underground culverts beneath private property and public right- of-way. It terminates in Yosemite Slough. In 2007, the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, which manages the city's water, began investigating the possibility of "daylighting" underground portions of the creek.

Before 2008, the road had a bitumen surface in poor state. In 2008, the government of Uganda, using funds borrowed from the European Union, began upgrading the road to grade II bitumen surface with shoulders, culverts, and drainage channels. The work was contracted to Reynolds Construction Company of Nigeria, at a cost of Sh230 billion (approx.€79 or US$104 million at that time).

564–566Powles, pp.200–201 The Imperial Camel Corps Brigade artillery battery that supported the division at Amman While this was going on, at 15:00 the Wellington Mounted Rifles and the 4th (ANZAC) Battalion ICCB were destroying of railway line and several culverts to the south- east.Powles, p.202 That night, the 5th Light Horse Regiment was sent north of Amman to destroy a railway bridge.

From its origins, Paint Creek is either utilized as a storm drain itself or is a discharge point for other storm drains. Many portions of Paint Creek are channelized, have had riparian vegetation removed, and/or have been diverted into underground culverts. The poor management of this stream is evident by characteristics such as frequent flash floods, high turbidity, abundant litter, and severe stream side erosion.

Today, the river flows through the middle of Skelmersdale in large culverts. It emerges near the town's shopping centre, the Concourse, and flows into a country park and a Scout association campsite, on the site of the 19th and early 20th century colliery. Parts of the river are a county biological heritage site. It is a tributary of the River Douglas which it joins in Lathom.

Minor wind and coastal flood damage was reported in Louisiana. Jerry and its remnants brought flash flooding to portions of the Upland South, particularly in the states of Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia. In eastern Kentucky, hundreds of homes were flooded and many bridges, culverts, and roads were washed out; this left hundreds of residents stranded. Damage in Kentucky reached at least $5 million.

Although this was heading up the dale, the passage had a slight fall to the North, to encourage the water flow. At the pump shaft, the shaft was now deep. This tunnel was just one of a number of culverts, sluices and similar works built at the Coalbrookdale site around this time. The engine had a working life of just less than forty years.

The Hawaii County Civil Defense prepared for the storm by planning for increases in emergency response personnel and opening of evacuation centers. County crews worked to clean out drains and culverts to prevent flooding. Because the depression stayed far from land, the effects were mostly minor and little damage was reported. A strong trade wind swell north of Cosme generated waves up to high.

The motorway will terminate near the town of Yarik, just north of Dera Ismail Khan. Groundbreaking for the project took place on 17 May 2016. The motorway will traverse the Sindh Sagar Doab region, and cross the Indus River at Mianwali before entering into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It will consist of 11 interchanges, 74 culverts, and 3 major bridges spanning the Indus, Soan, and Kurram Rivers.

Church Avenue station of the New York City Subway A pipelayer (or pipe-layer or drain layer) is a skilled tradesman who lays pipe, such as for storm sewers, sanitary sewers, drains, and water mains.47-2151 Pipelayers: Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2014, Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Department of Labor. Pipelayers may grade (i.e., level) trenches and culverts, position pipe, or seal joints.

Guardian S robots are designed for portable surveillance and inspection. The Snake Robot can be tele-operated from miles away, can traverse stairs, culverts, pipes, tanks, and many vertical surfaces, and includes two-way real-time video and voice communication. The Sarcos Scorpion robot is an advanced version of the Snake robot, equipped with precision, force-sensing end-effectors to enable dexterous tasks under remote control.

Dhaka-Chittagong Highway after expansion In January 2010, expansion of the highway from two lanes to four lanes started. The project will decrease the travel time from Dhaka to Chittagong to 4.5 or 5 hours. As of March 2013, only 23.5 per cent of work has been completed, and it was unlikely to meet its December 2013 deadline. Construction included 221 culverts, 22 bridges and three flyovers.

Miller Run is a "tiny stream" that is closer in appearance to a drainage ditch than an actual stream. It has the characteristics of a typical suburban stream. The stream was historically impacted by farming practices, as it was channelized and ditched to allow more room for crops. More recently, culverts, concrete channels, riprap, parking lots, and other developments by Bucknell University have further impacted it.

Soon after, an air-force of fifty Flying Fortresses bombed the town heavily in a surprise attack, reducing much of it to rubble with a large number of civilian casualties.Maclean, p. 487 The attack on the remaining railroad went ahead on the same night with the Partisans blowing up small bridges and culverts as well as tearing up the sleepers and setting them on fire.Maclean, p.

Roads and culverts are armored and debris removed as needed. Water diversion implements protect facilities and property. The chance of introducing new invasive plants to the burned area is reduced by restricting access or thoroughly cleaning all equipment, people and animals of seeds before entering a burned area. Research has shown that non-native plant cover is positively associated with post- wildfire seeded grass cover.

The park was constructed by Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Companies 873 and 886 between 1934 and 1937. The CCC built Park Road 11, a low water crossing on the San Marcos River, a water tower/storage building, refectory, and residence (currently the park headquarters), barbeque pits, picnic seating, rock pool and retention dams, rock table, culverts, concrete picnic tables, and two sets of entrance portals.

Boeing Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Washington, located in the city of Shoreline, just north of Seattle. It is about long and empties into Puget Sound. The creek is heavily modified along its course, and in many places has been diverted into culverts. The watershed of Boeing Creek is about in size, with two main tributaries aside from the mainstem.

Boeing Creek's original headwaters have been placed into underground pipes. The creek's main stem emerges from storm drain culverts at the intersection of Greenwood Ave and Carlyle Hall Road, which is considered its source, . The creek flows along the Shoreline Community College campus, through Boeing Creek Park (the northern part of Shoreview Park). At the west end of the park the creek empties into Hidden Lake, .

The 194th staff completed the MDMP for this exercise with the OPORD brief to the subordinate units in January. The 194th also participated in a warfighter exercise with V Corps in Germany. The 230th Engineer Battalion and 775th Well Drilling Detachment participated in Task Force Grizzly in California. The 230th built roads, fences and culverts along the border and the 775th conducted well drilling operations.

The project primarily involved leveling the ash mounds, with the leftover material used to fill other areas of the meadow. Two sites were excavated to create Meadow and Willow Lake, while much of the Flushing River was diverted into underground culverts. A floodgate was built to prevent tidal flow from flooding the lakes.; ; ; In addition to recreation, the lakes would serve as repositories for excess storm runoff.

Regarding human risk, BAER reported concerns with roads and rivers, streams and creeks. 136 miles of roads received fire treatment, including debris removal and repairing water culverts. 18.5 miles of trails received fire treatment, primarily to assist with water drainage. Recreational sites saw signage placement for warning the public about safety concerns, tree removal, hazardous waste clean up and some properties have been closed.

This reduces the need for other control methods such as pesticides. Simply giving the predators access to the mosquito larvae can result in long-term mosquito control. Open-water marsh management is used on both the eastern and western coasts of the United States. Rotational impoundment management (RIM) involves the use of large pumps and culverts with gates to control the water level within an impounded marsh.

The construction of this parkway began in January 2008, with a cost of $150 million. The construction included clearing and grubbing, storm drainage, construction of single and double barrel box culverts, the construction of 8 bridges, transmission/distribution utility installations, drilled shaft construction, MSE wall, installation of concrete curb, sidewalk, medians, signalization, striping, and sodding. In October 2010, the parkway was completed, a decade ahead of schedule.

Broadcloth was the main product, somewhat coarser than Harris Tweed, prickly to the skin, odorous when wet. Flowing water was essential for the purpose of fulling – so production concentrated on locations along rivers such as Clare, Cavendish, Glemsford and Sudbury. Many houses in Clare had cellars through which culverts were led. Merchants gathered in convoys for safety to convey the goods to Calais (then an English possession).

Finch had aimed to complete a road equal in excellence of construction to the existing section between Wisemans Ferry and Mt Manning. Similar construction techniques were used, including cut and fill methods that resulted in extensive blasting and quarrying combined with the use of massive embankments and retaining walls as well as culverts and bridges over the numerous small creeks between Mt Manning and Wollombi.

The North Fork Road in Glacier National Park was built in 1901. The Butte Oil Company constructed a rough wagon road from Lake McDonald to its oil well at Kintla Lake, encouraging the development of the North Fork region. From 1935–1945, the National Park Service developed the road adding culverts and drains. The unpaved road extends nearly forty miles, almost to the Canada–United States border.

Bridge 5757 or the Fond du Lac Culvert is a historic bridge in the Fond du Lac neighborhood of Duluth, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1937 to carry Minnesota State Highway 23 over Mission Creek. It is a double-span culvert built using a modular, corrugated iron product called "multi-plate", with granite headwalls. The creek flows through two metal culverts that are wide.

On the top is a curved steel hood that prevents climbing animals like cats and possums from climbing over the top. Waterways are protected by screened culverts nicknamed "watergates", while pedestrian access is by airlock style double gates. In February 2007 a donation of a further 57 ha from an adjacent landowner increased the planned 7.2 km length of fence by 2 km to 9 km.from blueskin.co.

Then in 1953-54 two bridges were made near Punnakkad on Thekkemala Elavumthitta road. Two more bridges/ culverts were made south of Elavumthitta near Ramanchira in 1945–53. The construction of the bridge and the road over heavy filling in the paddy field near Ramanchira was undertaken by contractor Mr.M.G George of Mannil, Nellanikunnu. Then in 1954 one Private bus service started from Kallisseri to Omalloor.

The road primarily serves the communities of Larchwood and Hull. In October 2007, shortly after the road was named to the Worst Roads survey, the city launched a construction project to replace four culverts on the road."Roadwork continues in Greater Sudbury", Sudbury Star, November 2, 2007. Greater Sudbury Road 13 only intersects with one other numbered municipal road, Greater Sudbury Road 12 (Gordon Lake Road).

Repair crew A restoration project by the National Park Service and the Federal Highway Administration has been repairing road damage from many avalanches and rock slides over the years. The repairs, which started in the 1980s and continue to the present day when weather permits, include fixing retaining walls, replacing the original pavement with reinforced concrete, and work on tunnels, bridges, culverts and overlooks.

Stage 1 works commenced in February 2015, consisting of sleeper replacement and regular maintenance on the Mildura line. Structures such as bridges and culverts were inspected, and rail was continuously welded to increase the speed limit on the track section to . concrete sleepers and of new rail were laid during stage 1. Minister for Public Transport Jacinta Allan announced its completion on 5 September 2016.

Culverts and other passages for water must be kept clear lest water is impounded by the trackbed, causing landslips. Where trackbeds are placed along rivers, additional protection is usually placed to prevent streambank erosion during times of high water. Bridges require inspection and maintenance, since they are subject to large surges of stress in a short period of time when a heavy train crosses.

The Birnie's owned a motel in Taupo. As a result of repeated floodings at the motel, there was a substantial loss of income, which ultimately led to the motel later being sold at a mortgagee sale. The flooding was the result of works by the local council, which resulted in the culverts not being able to handle the water, causing the flooding at the motel.

Bridges, culverts, and water supply were installed at this time. In 1985, Tangail City was promoted from a C Class city to a B Class city. In 1989, the Pourashava was promoted to A-Class. In the 1990s, the city was financed by the Asian Development Bank and the Government of Bangladesh to develop water supply, sanitation, wastewater drainage, bus terminals, supermarkets, and other infrastructure.

Its shape is that of a gourd and it has a long entrance tunnel attached to the side. The nest is often situated in a tree cavity, very often in a baobab, but also in or under tree branches, in buildings or road culverts. They breed all year round, with a peak of breeding activity in August–April. The clutch is 2-4 eggs.

The bridge comprises three large-diameter culverts of corrugated steel construction. The Oldtown Bridge was the first bridge built across the Swilly. It is located about 2 km upstream from the Port Bridge and is the oldest extant bridge in Letterkenny. The Oldtown Bridge carries the L1114 over the River Swilly, which was the original road access route from Letterkenny to the south and east.

A section of the highway will also be constructed to accommodate four lanes and major structures are to be built including 16 bridges, one flyover, and one subway, along with new pipe and box culverts. Financing for the project is through the China Exim Bank. It is being accommodated in the 5-year Public Sector Investment Programmes covering the period from 2016 to 2021.

The administration department handles all incoming phone calls, which include resident operation and maintenance requests, culvert stake out and final inspection requests, road paving and stabilization requests, tax questions, park rental requests, employment inquires, committee and association information requests, and questions about services provided by other governmental entities. The administration office also handles all walk in visitors, all permit requests for gates, culverts and parks.

The route comprises a large number of bridges and culverts, but has no tunnels because it runs through plains. The Sava River Bridge is the most significant structure on the A3. Currently, there are 21 exits and 18 rest areas operating along the route. A large part of the motorway is tolled using a ticket system; one section uses an open toll collection system.

The mayor of Ottumwa supported the option that eventually became US 63, which linked Iowa 23 to US 63 south of the Ottumwa Airport. Box culverts on the section between Ottumwa and Eddyville were built in late 1994 and construction began in earnest in early 1995. When the segment opened, it was the only part of the new Ottumwa-to-Oskaloosa route that was four lanes.

Bridges, culverts, new cottages for the workers and a boat slip were the next priority. Plantings of ornamental trees began very early and continued through to 1890. Plantings included Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana), Catalpa Oaks (Catalpa bignonioides), Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) and Lilli-pilli (Acmena smithii). Between 1887 and 1889 unemployed men, under the supervision of the Casual Labour Board, cleared large areas of land.

In 2018, the Kenyan government contracted Sinohydro Limited to convert the Nairobi Northern Bypass Highway to a four-lane dual carriageway with culverts, drainage channels and walkways on both sides. It is estimated that dualling the Northern and Eastern Bypass Highways will cost anywhere from KSh30 billion to KSh40 billion (US$300 million to US$400 million). The process is on-going, as of March 2019.

Ongoing culvert function without failure depends on proper design and engineering considerations being given to load, hydraulic flow, surrounding soil analysis, backfill and bedding compaction, and erosion protection. Improperly designed backfill support around culverts can result in material collapse or failure from inadequate load support. For existing culverts which have experienced degradation, loss of structural integrity or need to meet new codes or standards, rehabilitation using a reline pipe may be preferred versus replacement. Sizing of a reline culvert uses the same hydraulic flow design criteria as that of a new culvert however as the reline culvert is meant to be inserted into an existing culvert or host pipe, reline installation requires the grouting of the annular space between the host pipe and the surface of reline pipe (typically using a low compression strength grout) so as to prevent or reduce seepage and soil migration.

Further north at Pennsylvania Station, used by various railway lines, the Falls emerges again at Mount Royal Avenue in a somewhat natural setting with small trees and shrubs surrounding its course with occasional concrete culverts continuing north out of the city, past the old stone / brick mills, raceways, culverts and dams of valley villages of Hampden and Woodberry, Mount Washington to the old Lake Roland public water reservoir of 1860 and its dam and further north to the Pennsylvania state line. In the early 1980s in the Pratt Street Power Plant, Six Flags (corporation, owner/operator of amusement/theme parks from Texas) developed a Victorian-era indoor theme park, featuring an imaginary turn-of-the-century explorer/scientist/raconteur named "Phineas Flagg" (modeled after famous author Jules Verne's literary world traveler character in the science fiction/adventure novel "Around The World in Eighty Days", published 1873).

The burn area is in greater danger of flooding when flood waters travel down the six waterways, picking up sediment and other debris that have the potential to cause massive damage to homes, bridges, culverts and streets in Colorado Springs, Manitou Springs, Ute Pass — and even farther downstream. To mitigate possible damage, the Forest Service cleaned culverts, removed sediment, installed warning signs and more, at a cost of about $5 million. Colorado Springs Utilities spent about $8.2 million to fix a damaged pipeline and access road near West Monument Creek, add sediment catchment basins at Flying W Ranch and at Glen Eyrie, and planned to construct a debris fence, temporary floodwall and auxiliary spillway at the Alpine Autism Center. About $6 million in projects for the city include build sediment ponds built by Air Force Academy cadets and volunteers along the slopes of Blodgett Peak Open Space.

All stations are still manned and the line is protected by signals controlled by relay interlocking at local signal boxes. During the line upgrade, the track in the section between Rostock and Ribnitz–Damgarten West was to be doubled because of the current high train density. A second track was also planned on the Velgast–Stralsund section. All culverts and bridges were already designed for a second track in 1999.

A culvert pipe under a road is a common target for beaver damming because the constriction speeds up the current and may resemble a hole in a dam. With a little work, a beaver can quickly plug a culvert with mud and sticks, and turn the entire roadbed into a large dam. Highway Departments often spend significant amounts of time and money repeatedly clearing beaver dams from culverts.

The tracks head northeast with the Salt Creek Wash paralleling the line on the north side. The tracks cross numerous small washes with either small wooden bridges or cast iron culverts allowing any water to pass. At Milepost 20, the uphill grade remained at a constant 2.0% ever since before Milepost 4. The railroad reaches the top of the long climb from Ferrum at "Summit", which is located at Milepost 25.

The road, being a Class B road, is under the supervision and management of the Kenya National Highways Authority. It is being upgraded to Class II bitumen surface, with shoulders, culverts, and drainage channels. The construction contract was awarded to Sinohydro Corporation of China, with joint funding from the China Export Import Bank and the government of Kenya. Construction began on 6 December 2016, with completion expected in December 2019.

The tramway from the mine to Swifte's Jetty—the site of the jetty, township and blast furnace—was 1¾ miles long. It ran through gently sloping country and required only three culverts to be constructed. At the blast furnace end, the tramway ran level right to the charging platform at the furnace top. There are two short branch tramways, one leading to the brick kiln and the other to the jetty.

The plan called for the improvement of existing stations and the construction of new stations along the line. To facilitate frequent and bi-directional service, the line incorporates newly installed double track totaling as well as of new passing sidings. Five new interlockings were built and new signal systems were installed, including the installation of Positive Train Control. Bridges and culverts on the line have been repaired, rehabilitated or replaced.

The present bridge was built as a replacement for that one in 1873. It was built at a cost of $218.15, of which $15 was for materials. The construction was done by the town's road crew, under the direction of William Lake. These types of bridges were built in some number to cross the town's many streams, most of which have since been replaced by modern culverts or concrete bridges.

Another important customer was the Telegraph Office of the General Post Office, but this could not be reached through the culverts. Johnson arranged for the supply cable to be run overhead, via Holborn Tavern and Newgate. In September 1882 in New York, the Pearl Street Station was established by Edison to provide electric lighting in the lower Manhattan Island area. The station ran until destroyed by fire in 1890.

The side walls each have two square windows set in individual openings. The roof is built with an extended overhang, its trusses exposed both outside and inside. The cabin was built as the base lodge of a ski area that the CCC crews of nearby Camp Robinson built in 1937. As part of this work the CCC also built Balance Rock Road, where culverts and retaining walls also still survive.

El Polin Spring is a natural spring in San Francisco, California located in The Presidio. It is the source of the central tributary of El Polin Creek (also called Tennessee Hollow Creek). The spring was used by the Ohlone people, the Spanish military, and the U.S. Army as a freshwater source. Much of the stream was channelized or placed in underground culverts, and many riparian areas were used for landfill.

In St. Thomas, four small homes were destroyed by flooding, and an additional 50 sustained at least partial damage. One waterspout was reported off the coast, but did no damage. Normally dry coastal guts in St. Croix filled with floodwater from Frederic, damaging homes and other buildings in five communities on St. Croix. Culverts, bridges, and heavy beach erosion resulted from rough surf off the coast of the island.

The Overland Trail was a Klondike Gold Rush-era transportation route between Whitehorse, Yukon and Dawson City in Yukon, Canada. It was built in 1902 at a cost of CDN$129,000 after the White Pass and Yukon Route railroad won a contract to deliver mail to the Dawson City gold fields from the Canadian government. The trail consisted of a -long, wide graded surface with culverts in some locations.Webb, p.

The Garowe–Bosaso Highway is a major thoroughfare in the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia . It connects the administrative capital of Garowe with the commercial hub of Bosaso , a distance of around 450 km (279.1 mi). The Garowe–Bosaso Highway was constructed in 1988, after an Italian firm Merzario had been contracted to build the main trunk road, including its culverts and bridges. Its tarmac was later completed in 1990.

The creek still ran, but at a quickening pace. What had once been a slow, babbling brook was now a torrential storm. Culverts soon covered the creek, but not without a fight. In the 1980s, behind the Cohen-Bray House, on 29th avenue, near International Boulevard, preservationists fought over a culvert project that preservationists thought would deal a blow to a neighborhood now rife with drugs and crime.

In the mid-1980s the construction of the M25 motorway required the Misbourne to be diverted via underground concrete culverts. The route of the motorway was aligned to pass through the arches of the Chalfont Viaduct, leaving the viaduct largely unaltered apart from the raised ground level and the addition of concrete supports and crash barriers. The viaduct is the only brick-built bridge on this section of the M25.

Volunteers created over 600,000 sandbags to shore up defences against the Red River and unpredictable flows caused by ice jams. Dikes were placed along the shoreline within the city to protect neighbourhoods against ice jam flooding. Over 1,600 volunteers came out since April 1 to assist with creating sandbag dikes which were built high. Frozen culverts and sewer inlets were cleared to allow runoff from meltwaters and floodwaters.

He encouraged people to live peacefully by resolving their day-to-day disputes, supported people during times of distress and disadvantage, and instilled in students a spirit of social service by repairing roads and culverts, and by educating people in methods of sanitation and cleanliness. He also worked as postmaster and helped establish many post offices in the area. He went door-to-door to recruit children for school.

Construction camps were set up for each section of track, being relocated as the work progressed. Papaya and banana trees were grown to provide shade and food, and workers tended vegetable gardens in the camps in off-hours.Hall & Peyman 1976: 127 The work involved moving 330,000 tons of rail and 89 million cubic meters of earth and rock, and the construction of 93 stations, 320 bridges, 22 tunnels and 2,225 culverts.

2-53 Still steadily bending southwards, Arroyo Trabuco is joined by Tijeras Canyon Creek from the left bank, then passes under a high bridge for Oso Parkway and leaves the southern boundary of the regional park. After passing Saddleback College, located near the southern junction of California State Route 73 and Interstate 5, the creek flows through a residential community and is diverted into twin culverts underneath the interstate.

Image of Knapps Brook in Leagrave, Luton, Bedfordshire Knapps Brook is a minor tributary of the River Lea in Bedfordshire, England. The source of the river Lea is on Leagrave Common in Luton. It forms from a combination of brooks from East End, Houghton Regis and from the Lewsey Estate near the old Lewsey Farm. It joins the River Lea from culverts under the railway embankment and Toddington Road in Leagrave.

It was earlier known as the Mines due to the coal mines abundant nearby. Although mining has been carried on since 1724, the first shaft for the General Mining Association in Sydney Mines was sunk in 1830. Manufacturing enterprises included corrugated steel culverts and the British Canadian Co-operative Society Limited, operating a dairy and a bakery. Sydney Mines was the filming location for the 1981 horror movie My Bloody Valentine.

Thousands of feet of Naylor's Run were channeled into underground culverts to facilitate commercial and residential development in the filled land above the pipes. Along its banks was the early-1900s Babies Hospital and National Wood Preservers, in Haverford Township, which dumped hazardous material into the ground, which eventually seeped into the creek. Though now the water quality has improved. Naylors Run joins Cobbs Creek near 63rd st and Cedar Lane.

As the city grew, it became bounded by the Humber River to the west and the Don River to the east. Several smaller rivers and creeks in the downtown area were routed into culverts and sewers and the land filled in above them, including both Garrison Creek and Taddle Creek, the latter running through the University of Toronto. Much of Castle Frank Brook became covered during this time.

Historically, anadromous spawning runs of alewife, blueback herring, striped bass, and American shad and catadromous runs of American eel were common in the NYC/NJ harbor estuary. However, poor stream conditions and an increased number of obstacles to upstream migration, like tide gates, culverts, and dams, have reduced these species’ migration opportunities. Restoring fish passage on major tributaries like the Rahway can be accomplished through the construction of fish ladders.

River des Peres enters underground culverts from north of Forest Park, emerges south of the park into concrete channels, and debouches into the Mississippi. An artificial water flow that emulates the river was created through Forest Park, using the city's water supply. This is often mistakenly considered a re-creation of the original River des Peres. However, the water flow here is deliberately produced, not derived from rainfall, or runoff, etc.

Advance Design is a FEM analysis and design software for reinforced concrete, steelwork and timber design integrating advanced functionalities for structure modeling, finite elements analysis and results post-processing. It conducts static and dynamic analysis of 2D and 3D structures, from bridges and culverts to buildings and towers. Advance Design is currently available in two versions: one according to North American standards and the other according to European standards.

Other CCC projects in the park included a swimming platform, stone culverts, picnic areas, Lakeshore Road, a bridge, stone road-curbing, a well, water intake structure, and frame pump house. The spillway gave way after a 1940 flood and Lake Raven drained. This scuttled plans to build a bath house and cabins. CCC Companies 873 and 1827 were assigned to the area between 1933 and 1937 for firefighting and flood control.

The rail track was lifted in 1961 and is now used as a vehicle road to Lappa Lappa Junction. This road is only negotiable by four wheel drives but is a very nice drive. Culverts along the track were remarkably made by stonemasons and still stand with many still serving their purpose by channelling water through to creeks and gullies. Today, the transport comes in the form of semi's and trucks.

The name Stechford is apparently a reference to the Stich or Stitch, a local tributary of the River Cole, although the Stitch is now entirely under culverts. A ford over the Cole is first referenced in 1249. The name Stechford was unknown until the construction of Stechford Station in 1844, and it has been conjectured that it was simply a railway misspelling. The name Stycheforde is attested since 1400.

Another structure of unknown purpose is a concrete monolith (30.9 m x 29.8 m) with tens of pipes, drains and culverts, buried into the rock at least 4.5 m. A narrow gauge railway network connected the tunnels with the railway station in the village of Głuszyca Górna (German: Oberwüstegiersdorf). Since 1996, the complex is open to the public. In August 1944, AL Säuferwasser was established for prisoners of concentration camps .

The sooty-capped hermit (Phaethornis augusti) is a hummingbird from Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana and Brazil. It builds one of the most remarkable nests which hangs by a single stout cable of spiders' silk from some overhead support. These curious nests have been found beneath bridges, in highway culverts, and hanging from the roof inside dark buildings. As far as is known, most other hermits build rather similar nests.

Marsh Engineering Company of Des Moines constructed the bridge that was designed by the Iowa Highway Commission. It is one of the earliest arch bridges still standing in Iowa, and one of the first designed by the state highway commission. Because of increased traffic on the span it had to be widened in 1924. Other historic structures include the road drainage system, six culverts, and one cattle pass.

In 2009, work to upgrade the road surface to grade II bitumen class, with shoulders, culverts and drainage channels. The road was divided into two sections: (a) Busega–Muduuma, measuring , was contracted to Spencon Services Limited with Stirling Civil Engineering Limited (b) Muduuma–Mityana, measuring , was contracted to Dott Services Limited. Lea International Limited (Canada) was the supervising contractor for both sections. The road was successfully completed in 2012.

This section of roadway follows the modern CR 510 in Marquette County. Similar work was completed in Baraga County connecting L'Anse and Skanee by 1932. Construction on the two ends left the center portion through the Huron Mountains unfinished and shown on state maps as a dashed line marked "impassable". The section not included in CR 510, with guard rails and cement culverts has been called "Blind 35" since.

The railway also required the construction of 1,524 culverts for drainage. The entire line was equipped with Centralized Traffic Control from the very beginning and the railway has twelve sidings between Port-Cartier and Lac Jeannine, named in alphabetical order from south to north. The siding names are Able, Baker, Charles, Dog, Eva, Fox, Georges, Howe, Item, Jig, Kay, and Love. All sidings are in length except for Fox which is and Love at .

Special attention was given to preventing water pollution and soil degradation in the Metolius River watershed. Forest Service crews removed fire debris from the banks of Abbot Creek, Bear Valley Creek, Bush Creek, Canyon Creek, Davis Creek, First Creek, Link Creek, and Jack Creek. They also replaced a number of small culverts with larger ones. This helped minimize drainage onto roads and ensured streams were able to accommodate increases flow from surface runoff.

The centre and oldest parts of Shepton Mallet are adjacent to the River Sheppey, at the bottom of a valley about above sea level. The edges of the town lie about higher. The river has cut a narrow valley, and between Shepton Mallet and the village of Croscombe, to the west, it is bounded by steeply sloping fields and woodland. However, the river flows through much of Shepton Mallet itself in underground culverts.

Nest built of mud pellets The greater striped swallow builds a bowl-shaped mud nest with a tubular entrance on the underside of a suitable structure. The nest has a soft lining, and is often reused in later years. The nest may be built in a cave or under a rock overhang or fallen tree. This species has benefited from its willingness to use buildings, bridges, culverts and similar man-made structures.

The Hy-Rib reinforced concrete floors, ceilings and walls were fireproof, being a major safety factor over wooden structures. The Packard automobile factory plant building number 10 is a demonstration of Hy-Rib product application of this reinforced concrete technique. This was the first time reinforced concrete products were used for automobile factory construction. Hy-Rib products are used in the construction of tunnels, conduits, flumes, culverts, silos, cisterns, chimneys, and water tanks.

Columbidae, Corvidae, house sparrow, European starling and gulls fly between isolated habitat segments, while raccoons, opossums, skunks and rats travel under bridges and through culverts and storm drains. Animals killed during unsuccessful crossing attempts are a food source for scavengers also seeking garbage or food intended for pets or wild birds and squirrels. Domestic cats and dogs kill small animals for recreation and have established feral predator populations. Coyotes prey on these smaller predators.

Although the actual design of the facility may be left to other engineers. Hydraulic engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water. This area of civil engineering is intimately related to the design of pipelines, water supply network, drainage facilities (including bridges, dams, channels, culverts, levees, storm sewers), and canals. Hydraulic engineers design these facilities using the concepts of fluid pressure, fluid statics, fluid dynamics, and hydraulics, among others.

A tunnel was originally planned across Clear Ridge near Everett, but the turnpike commission decided to build a cut into the ridge. Building the cut involved bulldozers excavating the mountain and explosives blasting the rock. Concrete culverts were built to carry streams and roads under the highway in the valley floor. The Clear Ridge cut was deep (the deepest highway cut at the time), and was known as "Little Panama" after the Panama Canal.

Lesser dog- like bats feed primarily on small beetles and flies. During the day, they primarily roost in caves although they may also use artificial structures such as culverts, ruins, and church roofs. Colonies are typically small, with less than 15 individuals, although the bats may share their roosts with various other species. Such colonies often contain only a single male, who may use scent secreted from his wing-sacs to attract females.

Besides, these places are growing to renowned commercial centers consequently upon the daily business transactions that take place there. As a positive step to boost commercial activities in the area, the local government council has gone into constructing feeder roads, drainages and culverts. This, no doubt, will go a long way to turning around the economy of the area. The aim is to transform Ugbokpo into a veritable local government council headquarters.

Many small tributaries of the Willamette River flow northeast through the woods to pipes or culverts under U.S. Route 30 at the edge of the park. One of them, Balch Creek, has a resident trout population, and another, Miller Creek, supports sea-run species, including salmon. Threats to the park include overuse, urban traffic, encroaching development, invasive flora, and lack of maintenance money. Occasional serious crimes and more frequent minor crimes occur in the park.

The Iowa Flood Center at the University of Iowa operates the largest real-time flood monitoring system of its kind in the world. It includes more than 200 real-time stream stage sensors that feed data into the Iowa Flood Information System where data can be viewed, online, by disaster management staff and the general public. The stream stage sensors, mounted on bridges and culverts, use ultrasonic sensors to monitor stream and river levels.

The walls of the canal are dressed in granite reinforced with vertical iron rebates stretching three meters from the bottom and horizontal anchoring irons. The two gates are sheeted with steel and lowered from the overhead road bridge, each of them operated with individual machinery hidden in the premises south of the canal. This sort of gates can be operated independent of water pressure, which makes additional aperture and culverts unnecessary for turning the lock.

By the 1940s, a reach of the stream near the old Davis Gymnasium has been straightened and channelized, but there was still no riprap. By the 1950s, numerous culverts and extensive channelization existed along the stream. Some time in or before 2011, a major research project involving 80 students and 11 faculty members was carried out on Miller Run. The project involved GIS mapping, drone flights, sediment and water samples, and GPS measurements.

Oxon Run is in a highly urbanized area, and its water quality has been rated as poor by government agencies. The stream has been polluted by stormwater runoff, dumped trash, sewer leaks and contamination from an old firing range and an unlined landfill. Much of the stream is in concrete channels or culverts. Virtually all of the streams in the watershed are unstable, with stream bank erosion producing 18,000 tons of sediment per year.

A variant of the shield, intended for city use, measured slightly smaller at . This version of the shield featured a simplified legend, with "U S" moved to the crown of the shield and the state name omitted. The manual also allowed for the city variant of the shield to be stenciled on culverts and bridge posts. A standardized block typeface was used to simplify the painting process, to allow illiterate signpainters to be employed.

Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District. Accessed June 9, 2019 The first phase, including about 500 acres west of Bear Creek Road, opened to the public on June 8, 2019. Bond funds were used to build trails, a parking lot, restrooms, retaining walls, bridges, culverts, and a pedestrian crossing of Bear Creek Road. The second phase, which includes the former college buildings and stables, will open to the public between 2020 and 2026.

Aurangzeb sent Mir Jumla II, an expert in naval warfare to deal with Shah Shuja in the Ganges river basin of Bengal. After Shah Shuja fled to Arakan in 1660 AD, Mir Jumla II was appointed as the Subahdar of Bengal by emperor Aurangzeb. Mir Jumla II reestablished Dhaka as the capital of Bengal province. He constructed a number of structures including roads, bridges, culverts and a number of forts to modernise the city.

A diversion dam, built by Fort Lewis around 1950, lies near the headwaters of the Creek. The dam drains through a canal that originates in Hamer Marsh, east of the Creek. Just south of Sequalitchew Lake, the canal passes under the Creek through a series of complicated culverts. It continues west for one mile (1.6 km), and turns north to empty into Puget Sound at Tatsolo Point, off Steilacoom-DuPont Road, DuPont.

The total cost of the project is US $292 million. Exim Bank of China funded US$248.2 million of the total cost and the government of Sri Lanka spent US$45 million on the project. The speed limit is for the first and for the rest of the road. The Expressway has 42 bridges and 88 culverts including a 480 metre long viaduct at Hunupitiya and an 800-metre viaduct at Katunayake.

The expressway from Lhasa to Gonggar Airport in Shannan Prefecture is the first expressway to be built in the Tibet Autonomous Region. Construction began in April 2009. In May 2011 it was reported that the bridges and culverts were complete and tunnel construction was almost finished, with 66 percent of the road paved. The expressway was completed eleven months ahead of schedule early in July 2011 at a cost of 1.59 billion yuan.

These considerations ignore further the risks associated with large debris entrained by the flow motion. Some researchers have mentioned the storage effect in urban areas with transportation corridors created by cut and fill. Culverted fills may be converted to impoundments if the culverts become blocked by debris, and flow may be diverted along streets. Several studies have looked into the flow patterns and redistribution in streets during storm events and the implication on flood modelling.

"New Rail Car Arrival in Whangarei: Visit to Opua: Possibilities for Future". Northern Advocate, 13 February 1934, p. 6. Wellington: New Zealand Government Railways Department After the 5 March 1934 Paihiatua (Horoeka) Earthquake, the "new rail-car was immediately requisitioned" so that the Chief Engineer and inspecting officers could travel through the Wairarapa, Hawke's Bay, and Manawatu districts to inspect, and where necessary test, track and structures such as bridges, tunnels and culverts.

Both the Derwent and Market Weight Canal bridges were constructed with cast iron spans. In addition to the main bridges there were a number of other bridges, culverts, accommodation bridges, and other works including a bridge over Hessle harbour (haven). The costs of developing the line were approximately: £106,000 for land purchase and compensation; £142,000 to contractors for the construction of the line and buildings; £42,000 on rails, chairs etc. and £35,000 on sleepers etc.

Engineering features, including a system of catch drains and culverts occurring along the entire length of the roadway, demonstrate technological achievement. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. Spicers Gap Road is significant for its association with the community of the surrounding area. Spicers Gap Road is well known to all residents and is a popular tourist destination.

Old forts provide alternative nest sites to natural cliffs Dusky crag martin pairs typically nest alone, although in suitable locations several pairs may be quite close to each other.Baker (1926) pp. 236–237 The natural nesting habitat is under ledges on cliff faces or river banks, but man-made structures are readily used. Stone buildings such as old hill forts, mosques and tombs are preferred, and other artificial sites include bridges, archways and culverts.

Tofty Road leaves the Elliot Highway to the North about 1/2 mile East of Manley Hot Springs. There is no maintenance and there are no more road signs past mile 1.5 and is marked "impassable" by several geological maps. It is a one-lane dirt road littered with brush and large rocks. In several places, culverts have been clogged by silt and debris and several creeks have diverted around them and over the road.

Still Creek is a 17 km long creek that begins in Vancouver, crosses into Burnaby, and terminates in Burnaby Lake. In Vancouver, the Still Creek watershed is bounded by 1st Avenue, 49th Avenue, Nanaimo Street, and Boundary Road. Portions of the creek are visible and the City of Vancouver is working to uncover (or "daylight") more of the creek; however, most of the Vancouver section still lies underground, directed by culverts and storm sewers.

These restrictions alter habitat, water quality, and species distribution. Many reserves are addressing these impacts by managing or restoring hydrology through the replacement of culverts, management of tide gates, and/or removal of dykes. :;Water Quality Water quality is a fundamental indicator of the impacts from coastal watersheds and the health of estuarine ecosystems. Good water quality affects coastal habitat quality and human communities that rely on estuaries for recreation and livelihoods.

In the latter, iron sleepers were used for the retaining walls. The two open culverts had also a very temporary character. The rails were laid without ballast, contrary to the contract, according to which the ballast bed should have been high. The sleepers were very far apart, in some cases up to 1 m (3 ft 6 in), severely affecting the stability of the track and causing many rails to twist and twist.

The slip lane will be reserved for BEST buses. Underneath reinforced concrete road, the BMC will construct lines for electricity, gas, water and telephone. A reinforced concrete wall will be constructed at culverts and bridges after encroachments are removed, so that the embankment of the road and the new reinforced concrete box cell of utility services are protected. There will also be 2 pedestrian bridges at Bainganwadi Junction and Shivaji Nagar Junction.

Félix Rigau Carrera Rigau Carrera settled in Gloucester, Virginia, in the early 1920s. He lived with his family in an old Abingdon Glebe School House and constructed a building to house a flour mill and other enterprises. Rigau Carrera founded the Rigau Concrete Works which manufactured a wide variety of items to meet the industrial needs of the developing county. Besides concrete blocks, he cast septic tanks, culverts, burial vaults and yard furniture.

Geologists can use inverse solutions of transport relationships to understand flow depth, velocity, and direction, from sedimentary rocks and young deposits of alluvial materials. Flow in culverts, over dams, and around bridge piers can cause erosion of the bed. This erosion can damage the environment and expose or unsettle the foundations of the structure. Therefore, good knowledge of the mechanics of sediment transport in a built environment are important for civil and hydraulic engineers.

District Plans received from the various States indicate that the untied fund allocated to the districts are generally being used for filling infrastructural gaps in drinking water, connectivity, health, education, social sectors, electrification, etc. The basket of works taken up includes construction of school buildings /class rooms, health sub-centres, drinking water facility, sanitation facilities, anganwadi buildings, Panchayat buildings, irrigation tanks/channels, street lights, link roads, culverts, soil and water conservation measures, etc.

Around 1957, a gravel road was constructed from US 45 near Shubuta to US 84 near Waynesboro, and it was designated as MS 510. The eastern terminus was rerouted closer to the Mississippi–Alabama state line by 1962. In January 1965, a project to grade and add culverts to the road began, costing $386,157.67 (). By 1967, the majority of the route was paved, with a small section remaining in gravel near US 84.

In neighboring Letcher County, 100 bridges and culverts were washed out, while about 50 homes were impacted by flooding. Damage in the county reached $2 million. In Floyd County, over 750 students and teachers were stranded at a school in McDowell after the Frasure Creek overflowed, inundating several classrooms with over of water. Over 200 homes were flooded and many bridges and roads washed in Pike County, with damage reaching $2 million.

Steel culvert with a plunge pool below A multiple culvert assembly in Italy Concrete box culverts. A culvert is a channel that allows water to flow under a road, railroad, trail, or similar obstruction from one side to the other. Typically embedded so as to be surrounded by soil, a culvert may be made from a pipe, reinforced concrete or other material. In the United Kingdom, the word can also be used for a longer artificially buried watercourse.

To increase the overflow capacity culverts were installed through the causeway carrying Chasewater Railway, this was to increase water flows from Jeffries Swag into the main body of the reservoir. A new bridge, weir and spillway were built at the southeastern end of the reservoir. The drawdown culvert which runs from the reservoir bed to the canal was inspected and restored for the first time in 200 years. The £5.5 million repairs were completed in April 2012.

Grid square map TQ1068 Ordnance survey website It marks two streets' garden ends, many of which have built footbridges.Grid square map TQ0968 Ordnance survey website The five urban centres in the borough are well over 500 m away, which has spared it from pollution and supported its biodiversity. Three parks feature the river such as a long walk in Fordbridge Park, Ashford. Canoeists avoid the river when deep enough to canoe due to short barrages, extreme narrows and culverts.

P. f. fulva, P. f. pallida, and P. f. citata, the North American subspecies of the cave swallow, will usually nest in a caves, sinkholes, and sometimes in man-made structures offering similar habitat, such as highway culverts. P. f. aequatorialis and P. f. rufocollaris, the South American subspecies, prefer to nest in open areas such as on cliff faces and the sides of buildings. Both will forage for insects over open areas and water nearby their roosting sites.

These include highway culverts and bridges. In Texas alone cave swallows have increased their breeding range 898% between 1957 and 1999, with populations increasing at a rate of about 10.8% each year. Cave swallows are open-cup nesters, meaning they build a nest shaped like a cup with the top left open for them to fly in and out. The nests are made of mud and bat guano and can be reused for multiple breeding seasons.

Built-up wooden tubes were widely used in the USA during the 20th century. These pipes (used in place of corrugated iron or reinforced concrete pipes) were made of sections cut from short lengths of wood. Locking of adjacent rings with hardwood dowel pins produced a flexible structure. About 100,000 feet of these wooden pipes were installed during WW2 in drainage culverts, storm sewers and conduits, under highways and at army camps, naval stations, airfields and ordnance plants.

Two other species known to live in the watershed are included in the IUCN Red List: the endangered Siskiyou Mountains salamander, and the vulnerable western pond turtle. Bighorn sheep, gray wolves, grizzly bears, and pronghorns once inhabited the region, but are now considered extirpated. The most common fish inhabiting the river include Chinook salmon, threatened coho salmon, and rainbow trout. Fish populations are declining, however, due to low water quality and barriers such as dams and culverts.

This road is one of the busiest in the country, with an average daily traffic count of 20,908 vehicles in 2008. In 2009, the government of Uganda (GOU), began to upgrade the previously bitumen-surfaced road in poor state, to grade II bituminous surface with drainage channels, culverts and shoulders. The first phase of improvements began in 2009 and ended in 2011, fully funded by the GOU. The first phase cost US$44.8 million (about Sh103 billion).

The whole system was approximately two miles in length. The discharge culverts had vacuum-breaking valves to cushion any surges caused in the event of an emergency shutdown of the cooling water pumps. Two auxiliary pumps were provided for dewatering the inlet culvert and to give auxiliary cooling services when the main units were shut down. All ferrous-based plant in contact with seawater and the unloading jetty structures was provided with cathodic protection to combat seawater corrosion.

Edmonds & Maxwell-Hyslop, p. 28. The Battle of the Selle involved another major assault bridging operation, and the pursuit of the defeated Germans entailed much bridging of destroyed culverts and cratered roads left by the enemy.Edmonds & Maxwell-Hyslop, pp. 342–5. 4th Division's last operation of the war was the Battle of Valenciennes on 1 and 2 November, and it remained in the area of that city after the Armistice with Germany came into force on 11 November.

The pattern of carriers and drains was generally regular, but it was adapted to fit the natural topography of the ground and the locations of suitable places for the offtake and return of water. The water flow was controlled by a system of hatches (sluice gates) and stops (small earth or wooden-board dams). Irrigation could be provided separately for each section of water-meadow. Sometimes aqueducts took carriers over drains, and causeways and culverts provided access for wagons.

Bullbrook is a suburb of Bracknell , in the English county of Berkshire, formerly part of the parish of Winkfield. It is named after the Bull Brook which runs through the area, although most of the brook now runs underground in culverts. Bullbrook is one of the earlier estates of Bracknell and was built in the late 1950s. The estate lies largely north of the A329 road and its borders begin immediately east of Bracknell town centre.

After the devastating flood of 1991 (July) all the houses in Mowad were shifted to safer sites. In terms of damages, Wardha River causes most severe damage to houses, land and infrastructure in Mowad were shifted to safer sites. However, low-lying agricultural lands, crops and infrastructure like roads, electric poles, culverts, farm cattle and crops / Plantations on low-lying lands of river side Mowad. But after that mowad village is shifted nearly 1 km away from Wardha River.

The section from Jamrud to Landi Kotal was opened on 3 November 3, 1925 by the wife of the engineer.Bayley, Victor (1939). Permanent Way Through the Khyber. London: Jarrold “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search; Retrieved 11 Apr 2016 The train took passengers through rugged mountainous terrain reaching a height of to reach Landi Kotal and covering a total distance of through 34 tunnels, 92 bridges and culverts and a zig-zag between Landi Kotal and Landi Khana.

At first hotel guests would get to the hotel via Canada Steamship Lines steamships. Rodolphe Forget ran for the House of Commons in 1904 promising voters to extend the QM&C; line, which was eventually done. This part of the line is very scenic because it is literally wedged between mountains and river. It required huge investments in time and money: there are two tunnels and 900 bridges and culverts, or an average of one every .

Old Chorlton website Many roads are in fact built over culverts, notably Upper Chorlton Road and Brantingham Road. As late as the 1930s significant drainage work had to be carried out in the Manley Road area.Manchester Local Images Collection in Manchester Central Library Clarendon Road was built on the site of clay pits, and needed remedial work on gable-ends due to subsidence in the 1980s. Even today the remaining open brooks are regularly worked on to prevent flooding.

Gömmaren (Swedish: literary "The Hider") is a small lake located in the municipality Huddinge in southern Stockholm, Sweden. It is the easternmost lake in the Tyresån Lake System. The lake empties to the west through Gömmarbäcken ("Gömmaren Rill") and to the east through Fullerstaån ("Fullersta Stream"), which is further downstream guided in culverts under the commercial centre of Huddinge (Huddinge Centrum) before flowing south-east to empty into Lake Trehörningen. Motorboats are not allowed on the lake.

By 1 December the end of the most recently laid railway line was east of Mazar from Kantara. The Ottomans constructed a branch railway line running south from Ramleh, on the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway, to Beersheba, by relaying rails taken from the Jaffa–Ramleh line. German engineers directed the construction of stone ashlar bridges and culverts when the line was extended from Beersheba. It had almost reached the Wadi el Arish in December 1916 when Magdhaba was captured.

The runway is long and aligned 10/28 (roughly east–west), equipped with an instrument landing system, but there are no taxiways. The wide runway has two culverts that allow water from the mountain Platåberget to drain under it. About one-third of the runway is dug into the terrain, while about two-thirds is built on an embankment. A layer of frost-stable fill, varying from is under the runway to hinder the soil from unfreezing during summer.

The work proved to be challenging, with a large number of culverts having to be installed and high levels of insurgent activity in the area. One local contractor refused to work because of security issues, which resulted in the project being delayed from its original finish date of July to October 2010. Responsibility for security of the road and its extension passed from the Coldstream Guards to the 1st Battalion Royal Gurkha Rifles Battle Group (RGR) in April 2010.

Beginning in 1998, the government of Uganda began to solicit feasibility and impact assessment studies concerning the rehabilitation of this road. When the Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA) was formed in 2008, this road came under its supervision. In December 2010, UNRA awarded a contract to Spencon Services Limited to carry out "construction of the bridge structures, box culverts and ferry landing sites" on this road, at a contract price of UGX:15.95 billon (approx. US$5 million then).

The governments of Kenya and Uganda though the Kenya National Highways Authority and the Uganda National Roads Authority are seeking funds from the African Development Bank to improve the road along with the Kapchorwa–Suam Road on the Ugandan side, to grade II bituminous surface with shoulders and culverts. Some parts of this road are already tarmacked. However a new bypass around the town of Eldoret is part of the planned upgrade. The contract distance on this road is .

Atkins have estimated that the cost of rebuilding the canal, including construction of the new section to Lord Hayes Branch, will be £44.1 million. Although the route is slightly longer than that to Grove Basin, the cost is £4.6 million less, as the Grove Basin route involved a long cutting through land contaminated by spoil from Wyrley No.3 Colliery. Both of the proposed routes incorporate the new culverts under the A5 road and the M6 Toll motorway.

Near its northern end it connects with the Allegheny Trail. Descending the Canyon trail, at regular intervals one crosses culverts with picturesque views of tributary cascades: Tub Run at about , Big Run at and Flatrock Run at .de Hart, Allen and Bruce Sundquist (2006), Monongahela National Forest Hiking Guide, 8th edition, West Virginia Highlands Conservancy, Charleston, West Virginia, pp 87-90. Canyon trails on both sides of the river lead down to several sections of spectacular rapids.

Reintroduction to the state started in the Berkshires around 1930, then spread east. Beavers once again populate the Assabet River watershed: they are numerous enough that stream culverts under roads need to be periodically cleared of in-progress beaver dams, and beavers down trees on land adjacent to the river for food, dam construction, and den building. Licensed trappers are hired to remove nuisance beaver families. Where not intruding on human space, beavers improve the local ecology.

The Great North Road, over 240 km long, was constructed between 1826 and 1834, and remains one of the major engineering feats of the convict era. Much of the road is still in use today, although some of the original surface is buried. A number of the original stone culverts, bridges and retaining walls are still in use. The road runs from the Windsor Road in Baulkham Hills to Wiseman's Ferry, where it branches off to Maitland and Singleton.

The area near Mt Finch, also known as "Murray's valley" or the "back of Murray's Farm", posed a major obstacle to road construction as a swamp, several creeks and steep climbs required much arduous labour. Heneage Finch stationed No. 27 Road Party there not long after his arrival and it remained there during 1830 and 1831. No. 29 Road Party and No. 7 Iron Gang also spent short periods there. These two large stone culverts survive in this area.

The earliest sewers were ditches to remove standing water from muddy locations where dry ground was preferable for human activity. Early sewers served a function similar to modern storm drains (sometimes called storm sewers.) Combined sewers evolved from the practice of using flow in early drainage ditches to remove other wastes including draft animal feces. Sewers became offensive as waste concentrations increased in communities with high population density. Culverts were installed to cover the offensive liquids.

Lieutenant Colonel William J. Quigley, a veteran of both the Korean and Vietnam Wars, designed it in 1967. It consists of a long canal with cement culverts submerged in swampy water; candidates must immerse themselves and navigate through the Quigley without standing as a part of the OCS training program. The Quigley, as well as the Combat Course of which it is a part, however, is not a graded exercise and is not necessary for graduation.

During the last three decades, the ecological impact of culverts on natural streams and rivers has been recognised. While the culvert discharge capacity derives from hydrological and hydraulic engineering considerations, this results often in large velocities in the barrel, creating a possible fish passage barrier. Baffles may be installed along the barrel invert to provide some fish-friendly alternative. For low discharges, the baffles decrease the flow velocity and increase the water depth to facilitate fish passage.

Coho salmon populations are within the Lower Columbia River Coho Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) and listed as threatened (2011). Chinook salmon populations are within the Lower Columbia River Chinook ESU and listed as threatened (2011). The stream has been designated critical habitat under the Endangered Species Act. To improve the habitat, the city is replacing old culverts that impede fish passage, and Reed College is working to improve habitat and fish passage near the headwaters at Reed Lake.

The canal's principal cargo was coal from the Allegheny Mountains. Construction on the canal began in 1828 and ended in 1850 with the completion of a stretch to Cumberland. Rising and falling over an elevation change of , it required the construction of 74 canal locks, 11 aqueducts to cross major streams, more than 240 culverts to cross smaller streams, and the Paw Paw Tunnel. A planned section to the Ohio River at Pittsburgh was never built.

An extensive permanent survey was conducted circa 1876 and the final route mapped to Government Gums due to the water available at the terminus. The length was to be "198 miles 66.92 chains", and the route consisted of "no less than 64 bridges, ranging in length from 20 feet to 740 feet, 470 flood-openings from 10 to 40 feet wide, 550 culverts from 2 feet 6 inches to 10 feet wide, 61 pipe-drains,and 14 water courses".

Section 1 was awarded to J&A; Overend and Co. for and J. Garget on Section 2 for . Construction was described in the Commissioners' Report as follows > Section 1- operations were begun May 1878 vigorously- all stone culverts and > many of the concrete ones completed. Open cuttings near the tunnel were well > advanced but delayed due to the very hard rock encountered. Spring and > Mineral Creek bridges were delayed...an average of 784 men were employed.

Plans are underway to upgrade this gravel road to class II bitumen surface with road width of , shoulders of , with drainage channels and culverts. In December 2014, this road was listed as "At project preparation". In March 2015, the Ugandan Parliament, authorized the borrowing of US$110 million, representing 86% of the cost, from the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). The government of Uganda will fund the remaining 14%, amounting to about US$18 million or local currency equivalent.

New buildings were constructed and older ones repaired or upgraded. The team improved the main road, installed cribbing and culverts, and developed a network of forest trails. However, the research activities were not reactivated and the research residence remained shuttered.Prince George Citizen: 18 Jun 1936 & 7 May 1990 The onset of World War II ended relief programs and the forestry buildings were again boarded up. Beyond some plot measurements in 1943, little happened at the station during the War.

One attack damaged a Sentinel railcar. In October 1937 a more serious attack damaged a passenger train and prompted a further decline in passenger numbers. In 1938 sabotage derailed 44 trains, damaged 33 rail-mounted armoured cars, destroyed 27 stations and other buildings, damaged 21 bridges and culverts and destroyed telephone and signalling equipment and water supplies. A member of the Survey of Palestine recalled that "nearly all the stations on the railway had been burnt".

To date, about 20% of it has been resurfaced with crusher dust or asphalt (mostly near urban areas) making it suitable for walking, running, cross-country skiing, cycling, wheelchairs, horseback riding, all terrain vehicles, and snowmobiles. The remaining 80% of the trail surface is still large crushed stone railway track ballast with conditions varying from region to region. Several bridges and culverts are usually undergoing repair or replacement every year. Trail signs have been posted in most urban areas.

The Foreign Economic Association "Selkhozpromexport" prepared project documentation and until 2006 exercised supervision over the construction of a number of large dams (Dzhumin, Sedzhenan, Geza, Sidi al-Barak). Built the first and second line of culverts Sedzhenan - Dzhumin - Medjerda. Under the regime of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali a plan was approved to build 2020 –2023 years. Plant capacity of 900 MW. "Rosatom" expressed willingness to engage in dialogue with a view to specifying cooperation projects.

He lived nearby at Logie House near Oyne and Pitcaple. The canal had 17 locks, all in the first between Aberdeen harbour and Stoneywood, together with 56 road bridges, 20 culverts and five aqueducts. From Stoneywood it ran level to Port Elphinstone and was used to carry both freight and passenger boats. Passengers were only carried on the top section, and disembarked at a building called the Boathouse, situated above the five St Machar Drive locks.

The report concluded that significant improvement of the metrics in the future is unlikely due to a variety of factors. A study was conducted on the effect of culverting at the airport. The authors concluded that the measured water quality metrics upstream and downstream of the culverts were not changed, suggesting that runoff management practices on the construction site were effective. However, the culvert does block the migration of fish between the lower and upper portions of the creek.

The road was long in all. The country through which this road ran is extremely level and is in the heart of the Niagara fruit district, being largely devoted to the culture of apples, peaches and grapes. The right of way is in width and fenced throughout its entire length between the villages. There were no structures whatever on the line, with the exception of a few wooden box culverts and one trestle long and about high.

On the southeast end of Montclair, the north fork of Sausal Creek (also called Shephard Creek) runs down Shepherd Canyon. At Highway 13, near the parking lot of the Montclair Golf Course, the north fork of Sausal Creek has its confluence with the south fork (also called Palo Seco Creek) running from the eastern hills (encompassing Joaquin Miller Park). The creek then runs down through Dimond Canyon and across the flatlands (mostly in culverts) to San Francisco Bay.

The Central Railroad was built with high standards; it was built with almost no grade crossings, even though it went through rural country. As a result of the need to cross roads, the railroad had to go above or below the grade of the roads, adding to construction costs. The cost of the bridging and tunneling was $110,000. Along the line, two iron bridges were built over Ireland Mill Creek, which drained Kissena Lake, as well as twenty culverts.

The condition of the walls will be maintained to CG3 or better (due to urban area) B. Culverts: under 3 carriageways, total of 120 m length (40 m each) provide conveyance for 30 m³/s without surcharging. The condition of the culverts will be maintained to CG4 or better (under a rural road with alternative routings) C. Pump station: provides capacity of 12 m³/s to drain the catchment during periods of tide-lock (usually every high-tide, for a period of 4 hours.) The condition of the pump station will be maintained to CG2 or better (no redundancy) D. Weir: provides a minimum water-level of 3.6 m to the watercourse above The condition of the weir will be maintained to CG5 or better (minimal consequences of failure) For some assets, there may be a legal obligation to maintain and operate the asset to a certain SoS. This is important to understand what function the assets were designed to perform, and what minimum condition is considered acceptable.

Sudden road collapses are often the result of poorly designed and engineered culvert crossing sites or unexpected changes in the surrounding environment cause design parameters to be exceeded. Water passing through undersized culverts will scour away the surrounding soil over time. This can cause a sudden failure during medium-sized rain events. Accidents from culvert failure can also occur if a culvert has not been adequately sized and a flood event overwhelms the culvert, or disrupts the road or railway above it.

The Patroon Creek is long from a grate at the eastern end of Rensselaer Lake to a culvert that empties into the Hudson River. About 1/3 of the creek has been moved from its original course and/or buried in culverts since the 19th century to make way for railroads and highways. The creek passes through three nature preserves, the Albany Pine Bush at its source, the Tivoli Park Preserve, and the Corning Preserve at its mouth. The creek's watershed is roughly .

Jericho is a historical village in the centre of Tasmania, Australia between Hobart and Launceston off the Midland Highway. Founded in 1816, it is one of the oldest townships in Australia. Jericho Post Office opened on 1 June 1832 and closed in 1962. Like its better-known neighbour, Oatlands, the main road of Jericho contains many fine examples of early colonial sandstone architecture, and constructions including examples of convict cut culverts, bridges and walls, many of which date from the 1830s.

H. r. rustica juveniles In slow motion The preferred habitat of the barn swallow is open country with low vegetation, such as pasture, meadows and farmland, preferably with nearby water. This swallow avoids heavily wooded or precipitous areas and densely built-up locations. The presence of accessible open structures such as barns, stables, or culverts to provide nesting sites, and exposed locations such as wires, roof ridges or bare branches for perching, are also important in the bird's selection of its breeding range.

One former building included a nearly completed stone church demolished by the occupying Union Army during the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863. The Army of the Cumberland under the command of Major General William Rosecrans used the stone from the church to construct fortifications and culverts in support of the Union Army. Under the leadership of Father William Walsh, an Irish priest, ground was broken on the current site on February 1, 1888. The current building was dedicated June 29, 1890.

Lea was born in Independence, Missouri, to Thomas Calloway and Amanda Rose Lea. His father, Thomas Calloway Sr., was county surveyor (commissioner) for Jackson County from 1870 to 1880 (a position that Harry S. Truman would have from 1925 to 1933),Kansas City Star, February 28, 1910. Retrieved: 2008-07-06 then was deputy surveyor until his death on April 20, 1910.Kansas City Star, April 20, 1910. Retrieved: 2008-07-06Historical Overview of 19th Century Stone Culverts: Longview Road.

In other locations, silt up to deep covers the tracks. No significant structures were damaged as all bridges held up well to the flood waters. Kaiser Ventures estimates it will cost about $3.5 million to repair this damage. During the next two years, a contractor conducted work along the entire line to culverts and protective diversion dikes to prevent any further damage, but the damaged sections remain as Kaiser Ventures has decided to postpone repairs until a future date when funds are available.

A trail constructed under the waterfall Steinsdalsfossen, Norway While most trails have arisen through common usage, the design and construction of good quality new paths is a complex process that requires certain skills. When a trail passes across a flat area that is not wet, brush, tree limbs and undergrowth are removed to create a clear, walkable trail. A bridge is built when a stream or river is sufficiently deep to make it necessary. Other options are culverts, stepping stones, and shallow fords.

In Michigan, a drain may be a natural or artificial creek or ditch, or a massive pipe for carrying storm water. The territory served by a particular drain, its watershed, is typically organized as a drainage district and the drain commissioner levies tax assessments and directs construction or maintenance of drains and culverts on behalf of each district. Drainage districts are public corporations, with legal rights similar to other political subdivisions of state government. Counties typically have dozens even hundreds of drainage districts.

The Iowa State Highway Commission preferred the Loveland route, but the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) allowed the commission to proceed with both routes and determine the more important route later. Within two years, priorities and route numbers were assigned. The Loveland option would be known as I-80N and was given a slightly higher priority than the second option, which would carry the I-80 number. Work on I-80N began in 1957; some overpasses and culverts were completed by 1960.

Large sewers were placed in the bed of Broadway from Monument to Gay Streets. Culverts were built for Chatsworth Run at its intersections with German (Redwood) Street and at St. Peter Street. A sewer was completed along the course of the Run through Penn Street from Pratt to Haw Streets. Provision was made for leasing lots of ground now occupied by part of the City Hall, and also for the purchase of the site of Madison Square, and an addition to Riverside Park.

The train featured the headboard carried by the first reopening train from Bridgnorth to Hampton Loade in 1970.Picture of first train Bridgnorth - Hampton Loade, February 2008 Although other drainage work enhancements remained to be completed, the line between Kidderminster and Bridgnorth reopened fully to the public on Good Friday, 21 March 2008. The work increased to 144 the number of culverts under the line, where previously there were 44 before the 2007 floods.From statement by SVR General Manager, Nick Ralls.

Two parts of the river were excavated to create Meadow and Willow Lake, while much of the rest of the Flushing River was diverted into underground culverts. The Tidal Gate Bridge was built at the park's northern end to prevent tidal flow from flooding the lakes. In addition to recreation, the lakes would serve as repositories for excess storm runoff. By then, Horse Brook had already been covered over, while Kissena Creek was in the process of being covered over.

The Braga Bridge Under Construction Fall River City Hall In the 1960s the city's landscape was drastically transformed with the construction of the Braga Bridge and Interstate 195, which cut directly through the heart of the city. In the wake of the highway building boom, the city lost some pieces of its history. The Quequechan River was filled in and re-routed for much of its length. The historic falls, which had given the city its name, were diverted into underground culverts.

Culverts were built over the Calmachie and Molendinar Burns and the park was levelled out and drained. When the Reform Act of 1832 passed in Parliament, increasing the electorate from 4,329 (1820) to 65,000 (1832), a large demonstration of over 70,000 people was held on the Green with a procession lead around the park by a Bridgeton band. The Chartism movement that grew in response to the Reform Act, later resulted in what is known as the Chartist Riot of 1848.

In 1882 the world's first coal-fired public power station, the Edison Electric Light Station, was built in London, a project of Thomas Edison organized by Edward Johnson. A Babcock & Wilcox boiler powered a steam engine that drove a generator. This supplied electricity to premises in the area that could be reached through the culverts of the viaduct without digging up the road, which was the monopoly of the gas companies. The customers included the City Temple and the Old Bailey.

95% of the diverted rivers were placed in two open man-made channels in length, compared with only 50% of the original rivers which were conveyed beneath the runways in culverts. The Twin Rivers Diversion scheme achieved a Civil Engineering Environmental Quality (CEEQUAL) Award for its ability to maintain high environmental standards and quality during design and construction of the project.IEMA Website – Sustainable Construction at Terminal 5 . Retrieved 3 December 2008 It involved much moving and planting of river wildlife and plants.

The culvert is arched, with brick wing walls and stone deck and abutments. Internally the arch and floor of the causeway are lined with bricks, coated in scale. Located between culverts at and is a brick culvert. The culvert is arched, with brick wing walls and stone deck and abutments. Internally, the arch and floor of the causeway are lined with bricks, coated in scale. Located at is a sandstone culvert. The culvert is arched, with stone wing walls, deck and abutments.

As part of the main line between Ipswich and Toowoomba, the Main Range Railway ascent, Queensland's first range rail crossing, utilised the medium of narrow gauge on a size and scale previously unknown, either in the Australian colonies or in other countries. Over challenging and variable terrain and an incline close to , the Main Range Railway demonstrates the extent of engineering necessary to construct the route, as evidenced in the substantial use of tightly curved track, tunnels, culverts, cuttings, embankments and bridges.

Water temperatures range from at Bosley Creek to at Willow Bar. High turbidity levels in the Chetco River watershed are usually caused by landslides, various forms of erosion, and plugged road culverts. On the Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI) used by DEQ, water quality scores can vary from 10 (worst) to 100 (ideal). The average for the Chetco River at RM 10.8 (RK 17.4) between 1998 and 2007 was 95 (excellent) in the summer and 90 in the fall, winter, and spring.

The passing loop would be retained at the old station, so the merger would not cut running times. Construction commenced in April 2012, when the old Furumo Station was closed and work on the new station could begin. the main contractor was Peab. In addition to a new platform, the work consists of of new county road, to culverts under the track, ramps allowing wheeled access the platform area, new parking places including a kiss and ride and a new waiting room.

A basin functions by allowing large flows of water to enter but limits the outflow by having a small opening at the lowest point of the structure. The size of this opening is determined by the capacity of underground and downstream culverts and washes to handle the release of the contained water.Dykehouse, Terry, P.E. Jones and Edmunds, Gainesville, FL."Retention Ponds and Detention Ponds, The Recovery Process." Frequently the inflow area is constructed to protect the structure from some types of damage.

The Genesee County Highway Department is responsible for maintaining of county roads, 380 bridges and culverts, the Genesee County Airport and the Genesee County Parks, Recreation and Forestry Division. County routes in Genesee County are not signed; however, the number is given, along with house numbers, on intersection blade signs. County routes generally comprise one or more named roads strung together to form a single continuous unit. These usually extend for some distance, connecting primary highways in two or more towns.

Drainage by ditches or culverts was more frequent in the mountains and jungle due to the constant rainfall. Along other road sections, the drainage of rain water was carried out through an articulated system based on longitudinal channels and shorter drains, transverse to the axis of the road. Retaining walls were used along the mountain slopes, and are similar to those used to support the terraces. When crossing wetlands, roads were often supported by buttress walls or built on causeways.

Pringle Creek consists of a network of small streams with courses greatly altered since the 19th century by urban development. The streams flow on the surface in places, in pipes and culverts in other places, and have been otherwise modified by artificial inflows and diversions.Hemesath, Chapter 3, pp. 6-8 West Fork Pringle Creek begins in springs southwest of the main stem and flows generally north and slightly east to its confluence with East Fork Pringle Creek near 14th Street and Oxford Street.

Fulton Creek has been culverted most of its way, in order for the City of Edmonton to build neighbourhoods in the surrounding areas. Due to being culverted, the creek's discharge into the river is very minimal and tends to dry up in the summer. Spring melt can cause the creek to overflow, allowing melt water to access the river. Over time, the City of Edmonton Drainage Department has added culverts and Gabion Check dams to address erosion and high flow incidents.

The section required construction of two bridges, six flyovers, four culverts, Lekenik toll plaza and Peščenica rest area. The construction works contract was awarded to Konstruktor, Hidroelektra and Osijek Koteks. Value of the contract works is 645 million kuna (87.1 million euro), including VAT. The subsection was opened for traffic in April 2015, and the cost was 700 million kuna (about 95 million euro), excluding VAT, and was to date the most expensive motorway ever built by Croatian Motorways Ltd.

RIM allows mosquito control to occur while still permitting the marsh to function in a state as close to its natural condition as possible. Water is pumped into the marsh in the late spring and summer to prevent the female mosquito from laying her eggs on the soil. The marsh is allowed to drain in the fall, winter, and early spring. Gates in the culverts are used to permit fish, crustaceans, and other marsh organisms to enter and exit the marsh.

West Meon was also chosen as the site of the temporary 'village' of wooden huts to provide accommodation for the navvies and their families. A smaller collection of huts had been built at Privett. Having crossed the Meon Valley, the railway then passed through easier country, gradually descending through means of a series of embankments and cuttings. The chalk soil supported many streams and rivulets, so at several key points the builders provided culverts or narrow bridges to provide drainage.

The bypass flume around Lock 7 Most locks have a bypass flume, which allows water to bypass the lock to water the level below. If the flume was covered over with concrete, that generally meant that a roadway passed over the lock.Hahn, Towpath Guide p. 85 Originally the locks 1-27, with the possible exception of Lock 13 did not have bypass flumes, using the culverts to divert water, but later the bypass flumes were put in (which is what we see today).

The arch spandrels are filled with granite blocks and rubble, with a gravel road surface laid on top. The bridge was built in 1902 by Townshend resident James Otis Follett, and was the first of seven documented bridges and culverts built by Follett for the town of Putney. This bridge, and other surviving bridges built by Follett in Putney and Townshend, represent an unusual concentration of stone craftsmanship in an era when most bridges were being built out of iron and steel.

This stream runs south along the western flank of Signal Hill, past Logan Park High School in Dunedin North, before being diverted through culverts and flowing into the Water of Leith close to it outflow into the Otago Harbour. Opoho is a Māori word, simply meaning "The place of Poho", Poho being an 18th-century Ngati Wairua chief who lived close to the stream's outflow,Blair, E.W., and Kerse, E. (1988) On the slopes of Signal Hill. Dunedin:Otago Heritage Books.

CCC Company 872 arrived in November 1934 and worked on the park for a year. CCC Company 849 arrived in October 1936 and remained at the park until 1942 when the camp was closed.The Look of Nature: Lake Brownwood The National Park Service designed the park and the CCC used locally quarried stone to build the recreation hall, cabins, benches, culverts, picnic tables and fire pits. During World War II, the park served as a recreational site for soldiers at Camp Bowie.

The Khost-Gardez Pass has been in use since antiquity, serving as one of the main routes connecting Kabul to locations in the Indian subcontinent. During the Soviet occupation the pass was a frequent location for mujahideen attacks on Soviet convoys. Portions of the pass were paved or otherwise improved by German international development efforts during the 1970s, prior to the Soviet occupation. Remnants of these improvements exist in the form of culverts and some asphalt on the Gardez side of the pass.

Four major timber through (Howe) truss bridges were built to cross Alameda Creek and Arroyo de la Laguna Creek. In addition to building wooden bridges and grading the railroad bed, the laborers built culverts, retaining walls, and bridge piers in masonry. By mid-August 1869, the railroad was completed through Alameda Cañon eastward to Pleasanton and into Livermore Valley. In September 1869, the railroad from Sacramento through Alameda Cañon to the waterfront Alameda Terminal at San Francisco Bay was completed.

Ancient Roman builders made use of concrete and soon poured the material into moulds to build their complex network of aqueducts, culverts, and tunnels. Modern uses for pre-cast technology include a variety of architectural and structural applications — including individual parts, or even entire building systems. In the modern world, precast panelled buildings were pioneered in Liverpool, England, in 1905. The process was invented by city engineer John Alexander Brodie, a creative genius who also invented the idea of the football goal net.

California Fish and Game 9(14): 1-36. The Emeryville Shellmound is also notable for its remains of beaver (Castor canadensis). Today, the creek is mostly underground in culverts in the flatlands, but many stretches are open above Lake Temescal. In 2000, a segment of the creek below the tracks of the Union Pacific Railroad in Emeryville became accessible to the public after the demolition of one of the buildings of the historic Sherwin-Williams paint factory in early 2000.

In addition, the Iraqi missile units dispersed their Scud TELs and hid them in culverts, wadis, or under highway bridges. They also practiced "shoot-and-scoot" tactics, withdrawing the launcher to a hidden location immediately after it had fired, while the launch sequence that usually took 90 minutes was reduced to half an hour. This enabled them to preserve their forces, despite optimistic claims by the coalition. A post-war Pentagon study concluded that relatively few launchers had been destroyed by coalition aircraft.

The parish was formerly divided into four tithings and hamlets: the Town Tithing, Appledore, Westleigh and Ayshford. In 1872 the lord of the manor was Edward Ayshford Sandford, Esq., in which year much of the parish belonged to the heirs of Sir William Follett, namely R. H. Clarke Esq, Henry Dunsford Esq., and other freeholdersWhite's Directory, 1850 As part of the construction of the Grand Western Canal in about 1810, several bridgesThe bridges are: and culverts were constructed at Burlescombe.

Construction of cross dams has induced a natural accretion of silt, creating new land. With Dutch funding, the Bangladeshi government began promoting the development of this new land in the late 1970s. The effort has become a multi-agency endeavour, building roads, culverts, embankments, cyclone shelters, toilets and ponds, as well as distributing land to settlers. Years of collaboration with donors and global experts in water resources management has enabled Bangladesh to formulate strategies to combat the impacts of climate change.

Farmers' Club: Sonali Farmers Club is emerged as an effective institution in the rural areas as farmers have been benefited in all aspects of life. The people of the Khayerkhal farmers have long been interacting with existing and sustainable farmers club at other sansads. It is decided that farmers club will be formed by marginalized farmers and committed youths. Roads, Culverts (Communication): Most roads across Khayerkhal are made of mud, and most of them get slushy or even flooded during the rainy season.

The research group thought that the higher levels of copper were due to more suspended sediment because of a recent rain downpour. Habitat degradation The Carolina heelsplitter is now found in shallow streams and rivers ranging from about one to four feet deep. The water has to be clear, without culverts, dams, or anything that might obstruct the flow of the river. The rivers must have high oxygen content with a lot of microscopic organisms and plants to feed on.

Over one kilometre of the road is benched as it runs across the slope of the mountain. Some of the original pick and chisel marks occur on a section of basement rock on the road west of Devil's Elbow. There are a number of other features associated with the road, including stone extraction quarries, side cuttings, a system of catch drains and culverts occurring along the entire length of the roadway. Catch drains average about in width and in depth.

To extend the existing Prince George-Aleza Lake highway,Prince George Citizen, 25 Apr 1929 the to Longworth were cleared, grubbed and rough graded during 1929–31. However, the rapid deterioration of the road, culverts and bridges, made it largely impassable beyond Hansard.Prince George Citizen: 3 Sep 1931 & 15 Oct 1931 By 1938, proper grading was completed to within of Longworth.Prince George Citizen: 9 & 30 Jul 1936; & 27 Oct 1938 The 1941 grading of the remainder by a logging operator encouraged bicycle sales.

Tygart Valley Homesteads Historic District is a national historic district located near Dailey, Randolph County, West Virginia. It encompasses 337 contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and three contributing structures, associated with a resettlement community established during the Great Depression by the Roosevelt administration. It was the largest of the three resettlement communities in West Virginia, the others being Arthurdale and Eleanor. The first dwellings were constructed in 1934, and the Civilian Conservation Corps built the public water system, draining systems, and culverts.

During Katrina, Mobile received hurricane-force winds and the worst surge it had seen since the Hurricane of 1916, with areas that hadn't flooded since being built upon flooding. Damage was heavy in the Dog River area, and among the numerous creeks and culverts that cross through the city. It was also responsible for heavy flooding downtown. Dow was at the press conference that Bush held at Mobile Regional Airport in which the lines "heck of a job, Brownie" were uttered.

Word of Charles skill as a stonemason spread quickly; he was hired to build homes throughout the Centerville and Farmington area. Charles' career in masonry spanned from 1853 to 1891. Charles taught the trade to his three sons, John, Charles and Archibald. Most of the early rock buildings and culverts in South Davis County were built by the Duncans. Additionally, Charles worked for many years cutting stone for the Salt Lake City L.D.S. Temple which was constructed during 1863-67.

The line, which was to run for a distance of five miles from Titley to Presteigne, was sanctioned by an Act of Parliament in 1871. The first earth was cut by Miss Edith Green-Price in 1872, followed by a luncheon in the Market Hall in Presteigne with the Hon. Arthur Walsh MP presiding. Three hundred navvies had been enlisted for the work on the line, which involved steep gradients and twenty bridges, plus cuttings, culverts and embankments (and all within five miles!).

The American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), often simply known as the bullfrog in Canada and the United States, is a large true frog native to eastern North America. It typically inhabits large permanent water bodies such as swamps, ponds, and lakes. Bullfrogs can also be found in man made habitats such as pools, koi ponds, canals, ditches and culverts. The bullfrog gets its name from the sound the male makes during the breeding season, which sounds similar to a bull bellowing.

Bällstaån or Spångaån (Swedish: "Stream of Bällsta/Spånga") is a small stream in northern Stockholm. Flowing through the municipalities of Järfälla, Stockholm, Sundbyberg, and Solna, it empties in the bay Bällstaviken, the innermost part of Ulvsundasjön. Some 1,4 km of the stream is passing through culverts and long stretches of it have been straitened out to form part of the local stormwater system. Notwithstanding, other sections are furnished with promenades and ponds and therefore considered as of local recreational interest.

Bridge across Nerepis River at Westfield, 1875Early in the European period of New Brunswick settlement, Route 7 ran along the west side of the river providing the main link between the capital city of Fredericton and the port city of Saint John. Part of the route was superseded in 1965 and is now designated Route 177 (Nerepis Road). There are more than half a dozen bridges or culverts over the river. A long crib bridge structure in the nineteenth century was short-lived.

Due to development in Scarborough, which has substantially increased the amount of water that historically travelled through the river, there are a number of artificial diversions to decrease erosion and guide the river past obstacles. For example, there are a large number of areas where the river is lined with rock cages. There are small dams to even out the flow in areas where upstream storage reservoirs are possible, increasing its depth. The river travels through culverts under some major streets.

In addition, Quebec has almost 12,000 bridges, tunnels, retaining walls, culverts and other structures such as the Quebec Bridge, the Laviolette Bridge and the Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge–Tunnel. In the waters of the St. Lawrence there are eight deep-water ports for the transhipment of goods. In 2003, 3886 cargo and 9.7 million tonnes of goods transited the Quebec portion of the St. Lawrence Seaway. Concerning rail transport, Quebec has of railways integrated in the large North American network.

During rainy conditions the sewer overflows into the north end of the Harlem River, via a drain pipe at about West 192nd Street (Heath Avenue). Due to modern development, the brook runs through underpasses and culverts at various points along its course. As recently as the early 20th Century, Tibbets Brook had two northern tributaries which merged at the north end of modern Tibbets Brook Park. The easternmost began in Redmond Park, while the western stream extended as far as Runyon Heights.

Today, few stone culverts survive in Ohio; the Old Enon Road culvert is both Clark County's only such bridge in daily use and the oldest bridge of any type still open to daily traffic throughout the county.State Board Recommends 10 Ohio Nominations To The National Register Of Historic Places, One To State Registry Of Archaeological And Historic Landmarks , Ohio Historical Society, 2008-12-08. Accessed 2011-01-13. In 2009, the culvert was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Vacuum-excavation hire provider Pier (UK) work with utility and civil engineering companies throughout the UK to provide safer no- dig excavation. Projects include relocating underground utility lines to accommodate wider road lanes and filter lanes, and street works to provide essential maintenance of street lighting. Force One Ltd specialist image library shows various uses of the new excavation technology including bridge refurbishment, clearing culverts, clearance of holding tanks, extension hose excavation, substations. rail excavations, airports, filter beds, lighthouse, and many more applications.

153–68, 179–87.Edwards, pp. 82–3. Early in February the division began advancing on Jericho, advancing as three independent brigade groups with their usual RE companies attached (the RE detachment with 180th Bde in the centre was specially tasked with repairing culverts). After preliminary moves on 14 February, the brigades attacked on 18 February and by 21 February had fought their way over very bad ground to within of Jericho, and the town was captured next day by the ANZAC Mounted Division.

During the 35-year regime of Porfirio Díaz, peace allowed for the creation of much-delayed public works in Apaseo, particularly in the current Plaza Hidalgo, that was the court of the first parish church and cemetery. By 1880, Apaseo had constructed an embankment, culverts and railway station. On March 31, 1882, the first passenger train came to Apaseo. The proximity to Querétaro and Celaya prompted Apaseo to become a metropolis of an agricultural area, where activities take place outside the village, at the haciendas and ranches.

Prior to the construction of the Isimba Dam, the entire road from Kayunga to the Nile River was murram-surfaced in poor condition. In January 2020, work began on tarmacking this road to class 2 bitumen with shoulders, culverts and drainage channels. The construction contract was awarded to Abubaker Technical Services Limited, a Ugandan company in collaboration with Malaysian company that will manufacture, supply and supervise the probase used in stabilizing the soil on this project. The tarmacking is funded by the Ugandan government.

The section of the Etheridge Railway over the Newcastle range and through the Delaney Gorge has more earthworks than the rest of the railway. The railway track runs along the north face of the Delaney Gorge and along the bed of the Delaney River for a short distance. The significant elements within this section of the railway include any stone pitched bridge piers and abutments, stone pitched culverts, and stone cuttings. A large stone pitched culvert is located near Native Well, east of Wirra Wirra.

The highway was designated as Yukon Highway 8 until 1978, when it became Yukon Highway 6. The Yukon section of the road is little changed from 1945, although culverts have replaced some of the original one-lane bridges, and several one-lane Bailey bridges remain. There are very few two-lane bridges on the road. Many are marked with a sign indicating differing vehicle weight limits above and below −35 °C (−32 °F), seemingly redundant since the road is closed in winter, when such temperatures would happen.

The river is culverted through Westbury-on-Trym village. A sluice here is used to divert water into a storm drain in times of high rainfall to save the village centre from flooding. The Trym then disappears into culverts, re-emerging at Henbury Golf Club before entering the Blaise Castle estate, where it is joined on the right bank by the Hazel Brook above Coombe Dingle. The remains of Coombe Mill, which was fed by both the Hazel Brook and the Trym, can be seen here.

To accomplish this, a single switcher locomotive (painted for Kaiser Ventures) was brought to the property to operate small work trains. When this work was completed, the locomotive was stored at Eagle Mountain for a short time before being moved to the old Fontana Mill site where it remained stored. In August and September 2003, the railroad suffered severe damage to approximately ten miles of track when two flash floods hit the railroad. In several locations, culverts were washed out leaving track suspended in the air.

Aruna has been actively participating in development in and around the constituency and instrumental in construction of 85 km new link roads and repair of all existing roads while serving the tenure as MLA from the constituency that is situated on Indo-Pak international Border. Spearheaded the approvals and getting construction completed for five road culverts and two pantoon bridges, providing piped potable water supply to almost all the villages, construction of Dharamshalas, construction of internal streets, drains in villages and community centre etc.

It is crossed by the Great Western main line railway just to the west of Twyford railway station, and the branch line from Twyford for crosses it twice. There are two culverts on the final section, which have allowed housing on Weavers Way to be built over it, and then it enters the Loddon just below the site of Twyford flour mill. There have been mills at Twyford since at least 1365, and a silk mill was built in 1810 by two brothers, Thomas and George Billing.

The Ortega Highway crosses the creek twice in this section, and notably at the first bridge, the creek channel is narrowed from to . An access road crosses San Juan Creek near where it meets Bell Canyon, and at this point, the creek is diverted into culverts. There are also gabions along San Juan Creek for some of its length, mainly preceding, at and after stream crossings. There are also two objects that form drops, but not impoundments, in the middle reach, one man-made and one natural.

Queensland roads The Department of Transport and Main Roads, known often as TMR, is a department of the Queensland Government, formed in April 2009 with the merger of the Queensland Transport and the Department of Main Roads. The department manages Queensland's approximately 33,000 km state-controlled road network, which includes more than 6,500 bridges and major culverts. There are more than 10,000 people working for the Department of Transport and Main Roads. It includes customer service centres, marine operation bases and regional and divisional offices.

As the only rail link to the Workshops from the early 1870s, the Bremer River Bridges were a vital part of its operations and had a relationship to the weight and power of the locomotives being manufactured and serviced by the Workshops at this time. The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage. The 1865 abutments are rare surviving remnants of Queensland's first railway line. The only other known extant components of the line include some masonry culverts and Grandchester railway station.

The brook begins behind the Stop & Shop on Cottage Street from a small wetland that is still above ground. From there it flows south through culverts through Oak Grove and Walnut Hill Cemeteries. It continues past the stadium and Dunnell Park near Prospect Heights, where the remains of an old bridge crossing are still visible. The stream comes out of the culvert and flows above ground for a short distance behind an industrial area on Beverage Hill Ave, before entering the Seekonk River near Bishop's Bend.

Portions of Mills Park, Crestmoor, and Rollingwood are very hilly, featuring canyons and ravines. Creeks, many of them now in culverts, flow from springs in the hills toward San Francisco Bay. Just west of Skyline Boulevard and outside of city limits is San Andreas Lake, which got its name from the San Andreas Fault. The lake is one of several reservoirs used by the San Francisco Water Department, providing water to San Francisco and several communities in San Mateo County, including San Bruno west of I-280.

Ahnapee and Western caboose, on display at the National Railroad Museum in Green Bay. The Ahnapee and Western Railway right of way was turned into the Ahnapee State Trail, traveling from the railway's original connection with the former Green Bay and Western Railroad tracks at Casco Junction to Sturgeon Bay. Many artifacts of the Ahnapee and Western Railway's history remain along the trail including steam locomotive boiler culverts, dated concrete bridges, several steel girder bridges, and many of the buildings that once housed rail-related industries.

The Tame is generally considered to have two main sources; Willenhall and Oldbury. The tributaries arising in these locations are generally known as the Willenhall arm and the Oldbury arm of the Tame. However, some of its tributary streams, including Waddens Brook, rise as far to the west and north as Bilston and Wednesfield in the city of Wolverhampton. Much of the course of the river has been modified over the centuries, and the urban sections now run mainly through culverts or canalised channels.

The rail line will require 24 bridges in total and 300 culvert crossings. Seven of the bridges will be longer than Much of the line will run on top of a embankment, which needs to be pierced by culverts so wild-life can cross under it. It is planned to use older carbon steel alloys for the rails, instead of more modern, higher performance alloys, because these can become brittle at very low temperatures. The rails and bridges are designed for fifty years of active service.

Near the rural town of Winton, Queensland, a truck driver finds the body of a teenage Aboriginal girl named Julie Mason inside one of the drainage culverts under the road. Newly promoted aboriginal Detective Jay Swan, recently returned from training in the city, investigates the murder. He learns that Julie was a drug addict who would have sex with truck drivers for money. He attempts to question another local Aboriginal girl, Tarni Williams, who was friends with Julie, but she refuses to speak to him.

The hostel consists of two restored black houses and is located at a magnificent setting overlooking the sound of Harris. Possibly the greatest change in modern times occurred in 1999 when the causeway opened between Berneray and Otternish on North Uist. This has eased travelling on and off the island, improving employment prospects and accelerating the carriage of produce (notably, crabs and lobster). The causeway contains culverts that allow the easy passage of otters and fish from one side of the structure to the other.

The local scrub hickory originally used in the bridges was of poor quality, requiring replacement work in the 1890s to 1900s. Components of the timber bridges are also gradually being replaced with steel, due to the scarcity of suitable hardwood, and over the years some bridges have been replaced with concrete culverts. The steel bridges have retained their integrity to a greater degree. The bridges with highest heritage significance are the steel lattice-girder bridges; all built during the construction of the second section.

Three-fourths of the catchment area is used for settlements, including the commercial centre of Huddinge (Huddinge Centrum) and half a dozen residential neighbourhoods. Nevertheless, the shores of the lakes are of significant recreational importance as they border the Orlången Nature Reserve and contain several cliffs popular for bathing and angling. Both major inflows, Fullerstaån and Solfagradiket, are guided through culverts under neighbouring settlements, but reaches the lake through open ditches. Today, motor-driven boats are not permitted on the lake and restrictions are imposed on angling.

During 2009 and 2010, work was undertaken to upgrade sluice gates, watercourses, and culverts to enable seasonal flooding of Southlake Moor during the winter diverting water from the Sowy River onto the moor. It has the capacity to hold as part of a scheme by the Parrett Internal Drainage Board to restore ten floodplains in Somerset. In spring, the water is drained away to enable the land to be used as pasture during the summer. The scheme is also used to encourage water birds.

Forest restoration began immediately after the fire was contained. The Fremont-Winema and Modoc national forests appointed a joint Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation Team to oversee forest restoration activities. Under the team's supervision, Forest Service and Oregon Department of Forestry crews cleared roads, mended fences, repaired culverts, and rehabilitated bulldozer trails." Post-Fire Activities (August 27th–Present)", Appendix F, Barry Point Fire Retrospectives and Lessons Learned, United States Department of Agriculture, United states Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon, 9 January 2013, p. 14.

The Sihl passes through the station in a tunnel, with platforms above and below the river, and public circulation areas to either side. The tunnel comprises 5 culverts with a length of and a clear opening of by each. This limits the river's flow capacity, raising concerns about the capacity of the tunnel to deal with extreme flood events. Additionally, during the building of the new Löwenstrasse platforms, it was necessary to temporarily close part of this tunnel, thus reducing the capacity even further.

Boston Edison Company (currently NSTAR) for many years operated a facility just behind the Watertown Mall. From this facility, there are culverts (large underground water drains) that carry storm water and drains under the mall parking lot, into the Sawins and Williams Pond. Boston Edison used PCBs extensively in the 1970s and 1980s, and still does to this day, albeit on a much more limited basis. During the 1980s and 1990s, there were documented spills at the Boston Edison/NSTAR facility at 480 Arsenal Street.

Gardenia is located at (17.673, -88.418), between Sandhill and Biscayne villages. Gardenia stretches from mile 20 to 23 on the Northern Highway and includes the Grace Bank Community for administrative purposes. The village of May Pen, one of the Belize River Valley Communities, is accessed by land via a detour from Gardenia. In terms of waterways, the Belize River passes through Grace Bank, while the Mexico Creek/Lagoon flows through huge culverts across the Northern Highway and empties into the river at Grace Bank.

Coldbrook Creek is an urban stream in Grand Rapids in Kent County, Michigan. Its origin is the outflow of Fisk Lake on the John W. Blodgett Estate, and the stream eventually drains to the Grand River. Although parts of the stream are now in underground culverts, there are significant possibilities for daylighting, and open streambeds appear in areas on the campus of Aquinas College as well as within Highland Park. Part of its course through Grand Rapids is parallel to the Grand Rapids Eastern Railroad.

The first wooden bridge failed when the Chagres rose by over in a day and washed it away. Work was begun on a much higher, , hefty iron bridge, which took more than a year to finish. In all, the company built more than 170 more bridges and culverts. Railway at Culebra Summit Station, 1854 In January 1854, excavation began at the summit of the Continental Divide at the Culebra Cut, where the earth had to be cut from to deep over a distance of about .

This was built as part of the main railway line connection to Brisbane, approved in 1872. The rail link to Brisbane rendered the river trade along the Bremer and Brisbane Rivers redundant and spelt the end of the river port at Ipswich. A portion of the old line between North Ipswich and Wulkuraka was retained to serve the Railway Workshops and a small coal mine. The North Ipswich culvert is one of only three known culverts that belonged to the first section of main line.

Example of a Monroe County route reference marker The Monroe County, New York, Department of Transportation maintains of roads as county routes. Unlike most counties in New York, Monroe County does not post reassurance markers along its county routes. In fact, the only field reference to a route's designation are reference markers posted at bridges and culverts along the highway, which carry the county route number on the second line. Routes that do not cross either type of structure at some point are completely unsigned.

View from Mather Lodge breezeway The CCC built several roads and trails through the park. The Blue Hole Road, which now forms part of the Boy Scout Trail, originally provided vehicular access from the Red Bluff loop road down to the Blue Hole swimming area. Surviving features include culverts, a retaining wall, and some guard rail. A well-preserved section of trail built by the CCC is the Cedar Falls Trail, which provides access from Mather Lodge into the canyon, and includes a bridge across Cedar Creek.

The bandstand, which was once at the southern end of the Museum Gardens. As the city water supply from Aldershawe was diminishing in the early 19th century, money was spent diverting surface waters from 'Swan Moggs' into a common conduit. The two streams across it were diverted into underground culverts; the land was raised with silt and mud dredged from Minster Pool. The area was subsequently developed into the formal gardens of Beacon Park by the Lichfield Corporation, but paid for by the Conduit Lands Trust.

The branch line to Allhallows () diverged from the main line to Port Victoria between Middle Stoke and Grain Crossing Halts and headed north for on an embankment averaging in height. The final was carried in a shallow cutting with a maximum depth of . The line terminated from the seashore, almost directly opposite Westcliff-on-Sea in Essex. The line encountered no major construction problems: for the greater part of its length it passed through low-lying pasture fields and ditches which necessitated the construction of ten culverts.

Another three pumps were installed on the former Sandtoft Airfield (now the location of a Trolleybus museum) at Wood Carr pumping station, built in 1978, and a single pump was installed at Belton Grange in the following year. All three stations discharge water to the Hatfield Waste Drain. The Internal Drainage Boards also had to upgrade some of their pumps to cope with the extra volumes of water. Keadby pumping station The pumping station at Keadby is equipped with six concrete culverts and six pumps.

Foresters develop and implement forest management plans relying on mapped resource inventories showing an area's topographical features as well as its distribution of trees (by species) and other plant cover. Plans also include landowner objectives, roads, culverts, proximity to human habitation, water features and hydrological conditions, and soils information. Forest management plans typically include recommended silvicultural treatments and a timetable for their implementation. Application of digital maps in Geographic Informations systems (GIS) that extracts and integrates different information about forest terrains, soil type and tree covers, etc.

Backpackers cross a sheet of aufeis in the Anaktuvuk River Valley of Alaska Sheets of aufeis may block stream channels and cause their flood plains to widen as spring floodwaters are forced to flow around the ice. Research on aufeis has to a large extent been motivated by the variety of engineering problems the ice sheets can cause (e.g. blocking drainages and causing flooding of roads). Culverts and pipelines can actually help to block flow and lead to the development of more extensive aufeis.

First responders, including fire fighters, city employees, county road crews and police built dikes to block culverts and stop the crude from fouling the lake. ExxonMobil deployed 3,600 feet (1,100 m) of containment boom around the lake. ExxonMobil said that by early morning on March 30 there was no more oil spilling from the pipeline and trucks were there to assist with the cleanup. Residents of the homes evacuated were allowed to temporarily return to their homes escorted by police to retrieve personal items.

The district of Noakhali has gained more than of land in the past 50 years. With Dutch funding, the Bangladeshi government began to help develop older chars in the late 1970s, and the effort has since become a multi-agency operation building roads, culverts, embankments, cyclone shelters, toilets and ponds, as well as distributing land to settlers. By fall 2010, the program will have allotted some to 21,000 families. A main source of silt in urban rivers is disturbance of soil by construction activity.

Map of Santa Fe Santa Fe is located at (29.380651, −95.104163) on a low coastal plain that averages between 19 and 27 feet above sea level. The primary waterways are Highland Bayou and Halls Bayou, which both flow southeastward and empty into West Bay. Being prone to flash flooding, the area is lined with numerous drainage ditches, culverts, diversionary canals and reservoirs. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and , or 1.10%, is water.

The allocation also involves the completion of the north-east shore protection with shoulder grade correction, the construction of a drainage system with box culverts, and the construction of temporary transition. On 13 September 2012, the Budget department has released P4.6 billion to support the public-private partnership (PPP) projects of the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC). Of the total, Tacloban City Airport will receive P800 million to help it accommodate the growing air traffic by developing the terminal building and other ancillary facilities.

The river has several important ecological areas where remnant populations of mangroves exist; these include areas around drainage culverts, in Breakfast Creek, New Farm, a small preserve at the city bend, near the Queensland University of Technology and around the shipping terminals at the river's terminus into Moreton Bay. These mangroves have recently become classified as protected nature reserves. The noxious water hyacinth weed is still growing in stretches between Fernvale and the Mount Crosby Weir but only poses a minimal risk to drinking water supplies.

The latter half of the 20th century saw extensive flooding of the river at Sutton Poyntz and Preston. Floods occurred in 1955, 1977, 1979, 1983, 1993 and 2003, and the Environment Agency established the River Jordan Flood Alleviation Scheme to investigate methods of flood prevention. At this time, the agency designated the river as a Critical Ordinary Watercourse (COW). Studies concluded that flooding was caused by silting of the river near Preston Mill, the constriction of flow through bridge arches, and obstructions of culverts.

The bats are named for their habit of roosting in the unfurled, tube-like leaves of banana trees and related plants such as plantains. However, they also roost in a variety of other trees with similarly shaped leaves, such as Strelitzia nicolai and sugar plum, as well as in palms, culverts, and holes in buildings. While roosting, at least some banana pipistrelles enter daily torpor during cool weather. Many bats roost alone or in pairs, although colonies of up to 150 individuals are known.

The Khyber Railway. With a Pakistan Railways HGS 2-8-0 at front and rear a charter train climbs the Khyber Pass through a series of zig-zags to gain height. Regular passenger service along the Khyber Pass Railway began on 4 November 1925 between Peshawar City railway station and Landi Kotal railway station. The train took passengers through rugged mountainous terrain reaching a height of to reach Landi Kotal and covering a total distance of through 34 tunnels and 92 bridges and culverts.

This segment is a stretch that begins northwest of Mount Olive in southeastern Macoupin County and ends about north of the intersection of US 66 and IL 16 in Litchfield. This alignment passed through North Litchfield, South Litchfield, Cahokia and Mount Olive townships. The terrain through the area is mostly flat. Unlike other sections of Route 66 in Illinois that are listed on the National Register, the segment from Litchfield to Mount Olive does not include any contributing structures such as bridges or culverts.

Archaeological investigations in the late 1990s and early 2000s on the sites of Chelsea College of Art and Design and Tate Britain recorded significant remains of the foundations of the external pentagon walls of the prison, of parts of the inner hexagon, of two of the courtyard watchtowers, of drainage culverts, and of Smirke's concrete raft.Edwards 2007.Edwards 2010. The granite gate piers at the entrance of Purbeck House, High Street, Swanage in Dorset, and a granite bollard next to the gate, are thought by English Heritage to be possibly from Millbank Prison.

Ayathil, Kallumthazham, Kavanad route and then mooted the bypass plan as per the new route. Later in 1993, a stretch of 3 km from Mevaram to Ayathil was completed and 1.5 km Ayathil-Kallumthazham stretch was completed in 1999 and the remaining Kallumthazham-Kavanad stretch completed in 2019.Talks held on NH bypass completion This stretch includes three bridges, five culverts, one vehicle underpass, and five major intersections, and needs to pass over the Ashtamudi Lake. The road includes a seven-metre two-lane carriageway, paved shoulders and earthen shoulders.

The drainage system consists of sewers, culverts, natural and artificial dykes and lakes which feed seven pumping stations and gravity sluices that discharge the water into the Thames and creeks. Four of the discharge sites are "high flow" stations capable of discharging 600 litres of water per second at any tide level. The levels within the system are managed by a further five "low flow" pumping stations. The Environment Agency's Thames Estuary 2100 flood defence plan includes Canvey Island as one site for alleviating the flood risks to London and the Thames estuary area.

The computational core of MIKE 11 is a hydrodynamic simulation engine, and this is complemented by a wide range of additional modules and extensions covering almost all conceivable aspects of river modeling. HD module: provides fully dynamic solution to the complete nonlinear 1-D Saint Venant equations, diffusive wave approximation and kinematic wave approximation, Muskingum method and Muskingum-Cunge method for simplified channel routing. It can automatically adapt to subcritical flow and supercritical flow. It has ability to simulate standard hydraulic structures such as weirs, culverts, bridges, pumps, energy loss and sluice gates.

Oak Bay has a unique pool and manmade estuary caused by the creation of a causeway on Route 170. As a result, the easternmost section of the waterbody was split from Passamaquody Bay, connected only by four culverts which prevent the water from completely emptying during tidal changes. This pool is also fed by a small freshwater river on its northeastern border and thus experiences only a relatively minor height difference. Located in the centre of the bay is Spoon Island, so named because of its resemblance to an overturned spoon.

The Johnson Creek Watershed Council (JCWC) is a nonprofit group organized in 1995 to protect the creek and its watershed. Its projects involve such things as controlling invasive species, planting native riparian vegetation, improving fish passage, and creating off-channel flood storage. JCWC's fish passage barrier program focuses on removing or improving fish passage barriers such as culverts. The council is heavily dependent on volunteers for watershed riparian restoration activities such as planting native plants, and in their Community Science program, where volunteers collect data on wildlife in the watershed.

The Saw Mill River turns south again past the park. After passing the towers of a large housing project to its west, it is routed into a tunnel at Chicken Island, the triangle between Nepperhan and Palisade avenues and School Street. At Van der Donck Park in downtown Yonkers, it resurfaces as it flows past the post office. For its final hundred feet (30 m), it re-enters a tunnel under the train station and the tracks of the Hudson Line, after which culverts empty it into the Hudson south of Dock Street.

The Beverley and Barmston Drainage Act was finally obtained in 1798, and work began. William Chapman, who had produced a report in 1796, was engaged as Chief Engineer, and oversaw the construction of of drainage cuts, or embankments to contain the River Hull, and the long Barmston cut. At the southern end, an outfall sluice into the Hull was constructed, and the main channel required 11 tunnels to carry it under existing waterways. 27 road bridges were required, as well as several occupation bridges, together with numerous culverts.

On the 1906 Ordnance Survey, it disappears at Tumbling Hill Street, off Thornton Road, and appears north of Cape Street, off Valley Road, though there are culverts as far as Queens Road. The Bradford Canal, built in 1774, linking the city to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal took its water from Bradford Beck and its tributaries. The supply was often inadequate to feed the locks, and the polluted state of the canal led to its temporary closure in 1866: the canal was closed in the early 20th century as uneconomic.

Water was transported to fill the tanks in dry weather. Sand was dug from the creek bed near No. 1 Camp for the hundreds of concrete pipes forming most of the culverts under the road. The eucalypt forest and then the rainforest, marked on Main Roads working drawings as "vine scrub" or "jungle", had to be manually cleared. Initially, the only mechanical aids were a few trucks, two tractors and two air compressors, with cuttings being blasted through the granite with gelignite and most work being done with picks and shovels.

In 1910 he was sent to Paris by the Concrete Institute as part of a deputation to study the durability of reinforced concrete, looking at bridges, tunnels, culverts, reservoirs and other buildings including one designed by François Coignet in 1852. In 1914 he took part in an international investigation into reinforced concrete accidents. On 2 February 1926 a creditor filed a petition for bankruptcy against him, and a receiving order was declared against him on 2 March. At this time he was a consulting engineer and conducting business at 17 Warwick Square, Westminster, London WC1.

Construction of 25 planned homes by the ADRA began in February 2016, with projected completion in 2017; 50 volunteers were involved in the project. In November 2016, Dominica signed an agreement with the European Union for an €8.9 million (US$9.6 million) rehabilitation project. In a join Dominica–United Kingdom project, a new road from Loubiere to Bagatelle in southeastern Dominica was announced in March 2017\. The EC$100 million (US$37 million) plan would ensure the road could handle heavy rain events, with 12–14 culverts and 3 bridges.

Coastal flooding has been addressed with coastal defences, such as sea walls, beach nourishment, and barrier islands. Tide gates are used in conjunction with dykes and culverts. They can be placed at the mouth of streams or small rivers, where an estuary begins or where tributary streams, or drainage ditches connect to sloughs. Tide gates close during incoming tides to prevent tidal waters from moving upland, and open during outgoing tides to allow waters to drain out via the culvert and into the estuary side of the dike.

Bajer Bridge As the A6 motorway route runs through mountainous terrain of Gorski Kotar, it comprises a substantial number of major structures—bridges, viaducts, tunnels, underpasses, flyovers, and culverts. Out of the total length of the Rijeka–Zagreb motorway of , are situated within such structures. The northern part of the Rijeka–Zagreb motorway, designated as the A1 motorway, comprising between Zagreb and Karlovac, contains only of such structures as the section is situated in a plain. The between Karlovac and Bosiljevo 2 interchanges, contains as much as of the structures.

The regional water management system – with nearly 2,000 miles of canals and more than 2,800 miles of levees/berms, 69 pump stations, 645 water control structures and more than 700 culverts – helps to protect regional water supplies and provide flood control. Weather extremes dramatically affect South Florida's water supply and flood protection actions. In response, the District actively operates and maintains the water management system, promotes water conservation and works with communities to develop alternative water supplies. The management is currently working to restore water flow to the Everglades.

Trans Canada The Operation Division has the responsibility of maintaining of asphalt concrete pavements, of granular pavements, of thin membrane surface (TMS) highways, of gravel highways, km of ice roads, bridges, large culverts, 12 ferries, one barge and 17 northern airports. Operational maintenance includes surface repair activities like crack filling, sealing, and patching; snow and ice control; pavement marking; signing; and ferry operations. Along with engineering, construction and design of the provincial road network, the operations division provides regulations, inspections and advice to the rural municipalities (R.M.) for the municipal road network.

We need to name > these items meaningfully. We have tried several naming conventions—both > sequential and hierarchical—with confusing and disappointing results. We > converted to USNG asset naming and have used this successfully for over 4 > years!” -- Elisabetta T. DeGeronimo, Watershed/GIS Coordinator at Mohawk > Valley Water Authority, Utica, New York \-- “Hundreds of thousands of > roadside assets—culverts, drains, signs on ground mounts, signs on overhead > support structures, signs on span wires, and guide rails—are found along the > routes maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation.

Once the supercell was overtaken by the squall line, it slowed considerably, and the torrential rains caused flash flooding and at least 13 fatalities. Most of the drownings occurred while attempting to cross flooded roads. Some children died while playing around drainage culverts, and two people died when a roof overloaded with rainwater collapsed. The combination of the heavy rain and hail created a dense mixture of hail and water, blocking drains and making travel difficult, as well as creating a dense fog, adding to the severity of the floods and hampering rescue efforts.

The restoration project involved cutting a series of culverts through the shoreline levees to let the tides flow, enlarging ditches so water could circulate freely and creating islands for wildlife. The marsh contained a unique area of sand dunes, which was preserved. The salt marsh harvest mouse is an endangered species that is endemic to the San Francisco Bay. As of 2001 all four of the Roberts Landing Slough tide gates were fully open, and all areas of the restored and enhanced marsh were receiving tidal inundations as planned.

The Department of General Services, Bureau of Engineering and Architecture once requested a permit to carry out a flood protection project, known as the Rush Brook Creek Project, in Jermyn. This project entailed removing culverts and stream enclosures along of the stream, constructing and maintaining of concrete walls, constructing and maintaining of stream channel, and other projects. The old New York, Ontario and Western rail line crosses Rush Brook. In the early 2000s, the Lackawanna River Watershed Conservation Plan proposed creating a pedestrian bridge along the rail line over the stream.

Habitat disturbance for A. gouldi includes the removal or destruction of native riparian vegetation, bank erosion, removal of snags, stream flow alterations such as culverts and farm dams, siltation and toxic chemical runoffs. The clearance of riparian vegetation causes the destabilisation of waterway banks, which impacts the burrowing habitats for A. gouldi and increases sediment runoff into waterways. Increased sediment levels arising from agricultural and forestry related land-uses have been correlated with decreased abundances of freshwater crayfish. The increase in turbidity impacts the ability of the crayfish to effectively transpire oxygen through its gills.

For many decades, much of the stream has run through culverts, notably under the parking lot of Northgate Mall. Building on gradual successes in restoration, activist neighbors beganThornton Creek Alliance working with the City of Seattle and developers toward daylighting parts of the buried creek.Mulady In 2004, the City of Seattle purchased the parking lot from Northgate Mall and began building the Thornton Creek Water Quality Channel. Opened in 2009, it achieved several community goals in limited space: integrating a water-quality facility, providing a diverse housing mix, and allowing public open space.

The Ohio Department of Transportation currently operates the seventh-largest highway system in the United States and the sixth-largest interstate system measured by total lane-miles. These highways support the fifth greatest traffic volume by total vehicle miles, the third-greatest value of commercial freight, and contain the second-largest inventory of bridges in the nation as well. ODOT maintains approximately 49,000 lane-miles of highway system statewide. Included with these highways are over 15,000 bridges and culverts, 6,200 on/off ramps, 5,000 stop signs, 3,400 intersections, and of guardrail.

A gravel road from Columbus to the Mississippi–Alabama state line has existed since 1928, and it was designated as MS 69 by 1941. A $296,187.71 () contract awarded by the Mississippi State Highway Commission in 1951 was used to grade the road, add drainage, culverts, and bridges to the route. The road was paved with asphalt by 1953, after being proposed four years earlier by the city of Columbus' Chamber of Commerce. The highway caught on fire in 1957, after a wagon carrying coal tar spilled its contents, destroying multiple telephone lines.

Karugutu lies along the Fort Portal–Ntoroko Road, where it meets the Fort Portal–Bundibugyo Road, immediately west of the Semliki Wildlife Reserve. The Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA), has plans to upgrade the Karugutu–Ntoroko Road, one of 11 "oil roads" to class II bituminous surface, with culverts and drainage channels. The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the upgrade of this road was completed in 2017. The town is the location of Karugutu Training School, an alpine warfare training school, owned, maintained and operated by the Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF).

Fire lines are established with heavy equipment, trained personnel operate under a specific plan, and fires are intentionally set to help reduce hazardous fuels in the wildland/urban interface, replenish nutrients into the soil, and control vegetation by reducing undesirable species or vegetation heights. The goal is to burn areas that need fire every two to five years to maintain optimum habitat conditions. At times, the refuge water management activities (i.e. controlling water levels with man-made structures such as culverts) create additional seasonal habitat for wading birds.

Meiklefield is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Pictou County . Locals have come to know the area as "Michaelfield" in recent years after voters unanimously supported their new mayor Michael MacDude over long time Mayor David Ryhno at the polls. With his continued hard work, the community of Meiklefield is thriving better than ever before and community members are happier than ever. New street lights, guard rails, bridges and culverts are but a few of MacDude's accomplishments thus far in his short tenure as Mayor.

The whole stretch of the M1 consists of 6 lanes, with a number of rest stops along the route. The M1 has 14 interchanges at Airport link road, Islamabad, AWT/ Sanjiani/ Paswal, Burma Bhatar, Burhan (Hassanabadal/ Kamra), Hazara Express(E-35), Ghazi, Chachh, Sawabi, Rashakai, Charsadda, the Peshawar Northern Bypass and Peshawar Ring Road. At Brahma Bahtar Interchange, the Brahma Bahtar-Yarik Motorway has commenced towards Dera Ismail Khan. There are 3 major bridges along the route along the Haro, Indus and Kabul rivers, 18 flyovers, 27 small bridges, 137 underpasses and 571 culverts.

By 1884, the railroad had extended along the North Branch of the Potomac River to the North Fork of the Blackwater River at the newly formed town of Thomas. In 1888, Davis decided to continue expanding this line southward from Thomas through the rugged Blackwater Canyon to Hendricks. This astonishing feat, accomplished over the course of a year, required excavating road cuts sometimes hundreds of feet high into Backbone Mountain. To allow the rail to traverse several deep ravines and rushing tributaries, a number of gigantic stone archways and culverts were constructed.

Stone retaining walls, culverts, arches, and bridges were built where necessary, working within the context of the natural terrain to the extent possible. An original road bridge with stone and brick viaduct at Bull Neck Run, and a massive stone retaining wall at Pimmit Run in Arlington County are notable survivors. John Templeman, builder of the Potomac Chain Bridge in 1808, served as superintendent of the road from December 1, 1817, to April 30, 1818. He designed and built an additional chain bridge to carry the Pike over Difficult Run.

Work started on the line in 1938, it was said that the proposed line, which had been surveyed 18 years earlier, would shorten the distance from Auckland to towns on the ECMT by nearly . of formation was carried out from 1938 after Minister of Public Works Bob Semple turned the first sod on 27 January 1938. Work was still making slow progress in 1950, when a paragraph in the Ministry of Works annual report said 20 private crossings had been formed and metaled and of culverts installed. Very little is now visible.

Långsjön () is a lake in southern Stockholm, Sweden. The lake is situated in an old residential neighbourhood located between the municipalities of Stockholm and Huddinge and most of the shoreline is private property. The water level is controlled by a sluice in the north-western end of the lake where the lake empties into Lake Mälaren through a system of dikes and culverts. Polluted waste water was poured directly into the lake during the early 20th century which caused up to two-thirds of the lake to be choked-up until the 1940s.

Existing Self Help Groups (SHG) could very well provide a platform for such mechanisms. The Ministry of Tourism, Government of India along with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) are jointly supporting rural tourism in village of Durgapur, which falls in the periphery of the Kohora range of Kaziranga along with other initiatives at 31 sites across India. Local people do get some amount of employment from the park in the form of labour and allied activities. Labour requirements for the park include, labour for anti poaching activities and construction of bridges, culverts, etc.

The culverted sections of the Holy Brook involve a number of different construction techniques from various ages. The most notable section, behind the buildings on Castle Street, is grade II listed and built of ribbed limestone blocks that may be reclaimed stone from Reading Abbey. Other sections include brick vaults, iron-girder roofing, concrete culverts, and modern corrugated steel construction. At its eastern end, once it has passed under the Central Library, the Holy Brook re-emerges into the open, at a point where it once formed the southern boundary of Reading Abbey.

Certificate for 100 shares of stock in the Panama Rail Road Co (Cert #16669) dated at New York, August 18, 1871 The railway cost some US$8 million to build — eight times the initial 1850 estimate — and presented considerable engineering challenges, passing over mountains and through swamps. Over 300 bridges and culverts needed to be built along the route. It was built and financed by private companies from the United States. Among the key individuals in building the railway were William H. Aspinwall, David Hoadley, George Muirson Totten, and John Lloyd Stephens.

Balmacewen Golf Course: the stream's source Before and after: planting of the stream banks through Kaikorai Common The branch of the Kaikorai Stream which flows through Balmacewen has its source in the Otago Golf Club's Balmacewen Golf Course. From here the stream flows mainly through culverts below Bishopscourt, a group of playing fields used by the Kaikorai Rugby Football Club and an intermediate school. Below Bishopscourt, the culvert opens into a stream through the Shetland St Community Garden and Kaikorai Common. On either side are a marae and a retirement village.

Rodents and invertebrates may be caught on foot around the base of bushes, through grassy areas, and near culverts and other human structures in range and farm habitat. The great horned owl is generally a poor walker on the ground; it walks like a starling, with a pronounced side-to-side gait. They have been known to wade into shallow water for aquatic prey, although this has been only rarely reported. Owls can snatch birds and some arboreal mammals directly from tree branches in a glide as well.

In the late 1990s, the company was almost bankrupted but avoided administration due to an error in the bank's loan agreement. The financial position has since improved. Recently the railway has increasingly had to rely on paid employees to secure its continued operation, and as with most heritage railways, has relied on special events days to boost income. The railway has suffered from the legacy of Colonel Stephens's cheap and poor construction of the permanent way; thus the preserved railway has sought to update permanent way features, for instance by renewing culverts and embankments.

The lock gear on the Eastern Branch of the Montgomeryshire were of a different design to those on other canals. Whereas most other canal locks have culverts in the side walls to fill and empty the lock, with paddles opening and closing vertically, the locks on the Montgomeryshire were designed with a culvert in the base of the canal with the paddle sliding horizontally over the culvert. During operation, this can lead to a large whirlpool being observed. To operate the paddle, the winding gear is purely a geared design rather than rack and pinion.

Having no surface inlet, the lake receives water naturally only from rain, surface runoff, and groundwater seepage. In addition, water from municipal wells is sometimes pumped into the lake during the dry season; otherwise the lake level might fall as much as in late summer. Three small ponds, connected to the lake and to one another by culverts, lie just north of the lake at its west end. Outflow from lake and ponds occurs only when workers release water through a concrete weir to Salmon Creek, in a separate drainage basin to the east.

From there, the highway is a broad, divided, four-lane highway with a median and ample shoulders, until it ends in San Felipe. The new highway improvement segments being constructed from San Felipe to the north and Mexicali to the south are on a raised base so that roadway dips caused by the natural undulation of the landscape, a form of drainage, are replaced by drainage culverts covered by the highway. Vehicles no longer have to ford storm water passing over the roadway. The resulting highway is less susceptible to erosion.

It has large integral basal stones and was described in 1890 as having culverts or 'penns' in its sides, although these are not visible today. A dwelling by the name of 'Hutt' existed at this location in the 1740s.Roy's Map Hutt Knowe In 1828, Alexander Ferguson Reid inherited the estate, he was known as the "Ayrshire Genius" and was an inventor and collector of antiquities, as well as geological and natural history specimens. Reid dug into this Druidical Mound or Moot Hill several times and found nothing to help explain its age or purpose.

Since 2010, the water supply has been used to drive a water turbine supplying power to the national grid. The mill has been refurbished to provide accommodation for shops and businesses. It straddles the beck with a single arch, and the present three-storey structure is thought to date from the 18th century. Below the mill, the river passes under a Grade II Listed bridge, dating from the 19th century, which carries the B6265 at Mill Street, and continues through the first of several culverts that carry it under Skipton.

The east wall is more abrupt than the west wall. There is but little side drainage to the canyon, and this is easily provided for by small culverts, with the exception of Waterfall Creek. This little stream forms a cascade with falls of several hundred feet in height, and finally buries itself in the loose rock at the base of the canyon wall. For a quarter of a mile, about the middle of the canyon, narrows are formed by the side walls being nearer together; there are abrupt walls in height.

In 1930, a contract was let by the state to construct a brand new state highway connecting the hamlet of Willow to Mount Tremper. This new state highway would be wide, The contract was handed to Huie Construction Company of Saugerties, which began by clearing the right-of-way and grading through hills. Construction included the building of three new steel bridges and numerous concrete bridges and culverts. Construction of the road involved selecting from various locations, and the one selected was from an old farm in the Catskill Mountains.

Urbanization and an extensive system of flood control structures such as dams, levees, and culverts, have radically altered much of the Puyallup River and its tributaries. The estuary delta at the mouth of the Puyallup River has been almost completely replaced with the facilities of the Port of Tacoma, with less than 5% of the original estuarine habitat remaining. A fall run of chinook salmon occurs on the river. coho, chum, and pink salmon are also found in the river, along with steelhead, sea-run coastal cutthroat trout, and a threatened species, bull trout.

The bridge was built in 1906 by James Otis Follett, a mason from nearby Townshend. Follett is documented to have built more than 40 bridges and culverts, all at a time when stone bridges were falling out of fashion, supplanted by ironwork bridges. Of these works, this bridge was one of eleven documented to survive at the time of its listing on the National Register in 1976. The bridge was closed to vehicular traffic in 1996, and its abutments and wing walls were described as threatened by erosion in a 2000 report.

Designed with gently sweeping curves and low gradients to cater for the heavy transport of the day, Spicers Gap Road is a rare extant example of the application of engineering from the 1860s. Engineering features, including a system of catch drains and culverts occurring along the entire length of the roadway, demonstrate technological achievement. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history. Spicers Gap Road is significant as it has potential to reveal more information about nineteenth century engineering techniques.

Lady Louisa had grown up in Carton House, a demesne to the north east of Castletown house. Much of the work on the interior was carried out to designs of William Chambers. She also did extensive work on the grounds; the paths through the forest are still in walking condition although, due to anti-joyrider measures, several of the culverts have broken and the pathways are again subject to flooding. The drainage scheme through the woodland is ingenious, creating dry paths for walking on land that is below the watertable.

Van Cortlandt Park contains the Bronx's largest freshwater lake, the eponymous Van Cortlandt Lake. The lake is deep at various times of year, and has an area of . The lake is used for recreational fishing, as it includes species such as largemouth bass, black crappie, brown bullhead, bluegill, pumpkinseed, golden shiner, common carp, white sucker, and yellow perch. It is fed by Tibbetts Brook, a stream originating in Yonkers, which runs through a series of culverts before draining into the south edge of the lake at approximately West 242nd Street.

As a consequence of its flood relief function, the channel here is classified as a "main river". Designs for reinstatement of the canal have had to accommodate large flows on this section, and include underground bywash culverts, capable of carrying the full flood flow of the streams. At Capels Mill, the bed of the canal was used as the route for the Stroud Bypass in the 1980s, and so a diversion had to be built at this point. It passes through an area which was used as a landfill site in the 1960s and 1970s.

Silver, p. 64. On 10 October 1945 a force led by Yitzhak Rabin raided the prison at Atlit freeing 208 Jewish prisoners. The first joint operation took place on 31 October 1945 when the Palmach sank three British patrol boats, 2 in Haifa and one in Jaffa, and were involved in 153 bomb attacks on bridges and culverts of the railway system.Silver, p. 64; On the night of 22 February 1946 the Palmach attacked the Police Tegart fort at Shefa-'Amr with a 200-pound bomb; in the firefight that followed, the Palmach suffered casualties.

Four alternate plans--and several options under each plan--were investigated and priced to determine the most economical way to provide effective flood protection acceptable to local officials/utility owners. The alternative selected called for diverting both the upper and middle tributaries of the Schylkill River through culverts to Northkill Creek. This plan substantially reduced the size of the pond area and the anticipated use of part of this excavated material to construct the levee Bernville also used to be home of Blue Marsh Ski Resort, before it ceased operations in 2005.

The Transcontinental Railroad Grade is a section of railway in northwest Utah, near Corinne, Utah, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It is an abandoned section of the original 1869 grade of the first transcontinental railroad. Its raised grade (trackway), 11 trestles, and 21 culverts were built in 1869 or in years soon after. This section was built poorly by the Union Pacific, consistent with financial incentives, and was acquired by the Central Pacific in 1869, which found it necessary to replace trestles and otherwise rebuild the route here.

On June 18, 2014, the MassDOT board awarded a $12 million one-year contract (with to $210 million possible over 10 years) to a joint venture between Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc. and HNTB Corp. for "program management, early design development, and environmental permitting". While MassDOT managed the early action culverts and bridges contracts, oversight of the program was transferred to the MBTA in preparation for the start of Phase 1 construction in 2019. To provide additional technical assistance, the MBTA also awarded a $62 million contract to AECOM for program and construction management.

The airstrikes struck two large ISIL units, two ISIL tactical units, an ISIL building, an ISIL mortar team, and destroyed six ISIL culverts, two ISIL bridges, three ISIL buildings, an ISIL artillery system, 11 ISIL vehicles, an ISIL fighting position, six ISIL staging positions, two ISIL heavy weapons, an ISIL VBIED, and four ISIL armored vehicles. The Royal Canadian Air Force has also destroyed numerous ISIL targets around Mosul in support of ground forces. On 23 January 2015, the heightened US airstrike campaign continued, with 8 airstrikes being carried out in and near Mosul.

Sustainable landscape architecture is a category of sustainable design concerned with the planning and design of outdoor space. This can include ecological, politically correct, social and economic aspects of sustainability. For example, the design of a sustainable urban drainage system can: improve habitats for fauna and flora; improve recreational facilities, because people love to be beside water; save money, because building culverts is expensive and floods cause severe financial harm. The design of a green roof or a roof garden can also contribute to the sustainability of a landscape architecture project.

Redwood Creek begins in the Woodside Glens neighborhood of Woodside, California just south of Interstate 280, below the terminus of Farm Hill Boulevard. It descends below Interstate 280 on the west side of Woodside Road, passing through the Menlo Country Club. At Alameda de las Pulgas it becomes an engineered concrete channel to El Camino Real, where it is briefly daylighted before entering underground culverts in downtown Redwood City. The primary tributary to Redwood Creek is a stream named Arroyo Ojo de Agua which meets it underground at approximately Broadway Street in Redwood City.

In 2006 the eastern section of the highway (Lae-Goroka) was resurfaced by the Australian government AusAid Program. Several Japanese and Taiwanese projects have contributed to rebuilding or replacement of important bridges. The Porgera Gold Mine (PJV) is a major user of the Highlands Highway for transport of all its consumables and equipment from Lae port, and consequently spends an enormous amount of time and money on maintaining the road – most often the portion from Mt Hagen to Porgera – upgrading cuttings, bridges and culverts. The highway is subject to frequent landslides and washouts.

This required expanding the canal embankment. A section of the canal had to be drained to complete the work scheduled to last for a week. The canal was to be re-watered through a valve in the southern stop-gate but someone opened the gate and water from as far as Tardibigge rushed towards Birmingham "like a great tidal wave" resulting in a breach of the canal in Edgbaston and causing damage to a number of canal boats. The water spent itself in Charlotte Road where the culverts carried away an immense quantity.

The mill was demolished and the river was diverted by the railway company. Other sections of the river were also re- aligned in the 1860s to make way for the railway, and the weir at the site of Cooper Wheel, which can be seen from Havelock bridge, was probably built by the Midland Railway, as its orientation changed around that time. From Granville Square to the Don, the river is almost entirely in culverts. The Midland Railway bought the water rights to allow them to build their station over the river.

The site of Pond Tilt is now occupied by the station forecourt, and the goods yard covered its dam. The owners of Pond Forge vacated their site soon after the station was built, but attempted to get compensation for loss of water power as a result of the work. At Granville Square, a large screen prevents debris from entering the culverts. Serious flooding in 1990 led to the construction of the first screen, and it was then refurbished in 2010, so that it could be continuously monitored by the Environment Agency.

Just downstream of here, the Schanzengraben moat, which is fed from Lake Zürich and formerly protected the western perimeter of the Altstadt, flows into the Sihl, just before the latter flows under Zürich Hauptbahnhof railway station. The station has platforms on two levels, and the river actually tunnels under the upper ones, but above the lower ones, in 5 culverts each with a length of and a clear opening of by . Shortly after passing under the station, the Sihl joins the Limmat at the apex of the Platzspitz park.

North of Henderson Road, Hutchinson Road has modern development and no longer has the visual continuity of the southern part of the road. Bailey Road originally connected Route 6 with Brandy Street in Bolton, but the portion west of the Andover-Bolton town line has since been overgrown and is no longer passable by motor vehicles. A remnant of Bailey Road in Bolton still exists as an unpaved footpath and still retains the characteristic stone walls, as well as two original stone culverts. It, too, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

There are over 110 crossings along the lower and upper river including vehicular and rail bridges. The upper reaches are also crossed by footbridges, dams, culverts, and a pre- colonial weir. In the colonial era the first bridge along the lower reaches was at Bridge Street in Newark and the first over the upper river was Totowa Bridge, constructed before 1737. The creation of Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures in 1791Friends of the Great Falls S.U.M. began a period of development of cities and industries along the river.

The species occurs in the monsoonal tropics of Australia from the Kimberly region of Western Australia, throughout the Top End of the Northern Territory and the lower Gulf of Carpentaria into north-western Queensland. They inhabit the inside of caves or doulder piles, beneath overhanging rocks, or occupying small crevices and cracks at cliff faces. Some built structures are also exploited by Vespadelus caurinus, abandoned mines and buildings and subterranean installations such as storm- water culverts. They are also known to occupy the nests of fairy martins, the bird species Petrochelidon ariel.

After the Conquest of Sylhet in 1303, many disciples of Shah Jalal migrated to Juri where they preached the religion of Islam to the local people. Shah Gharib Khaki settled in Bhogtera, Jayfarnagar where his mazar remains and likewise for Shah Abdul- Aliyy Nimatra in Fultola Bazaar, Hazrat Irani in Dakshinbhag and Shah Qasimuddin Jibon Jyoti. During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, freedom fighters conducted operations in various tea gardens across modern-day Juri. The Pakistani army reached Juri on 2 December and many culverts and bridges were destroyed whilst fighting them.

Lilly Culvert under the railroad From 1834 until 1854, when the Pennsylvania Railroad Company finished a competing line, the Allegheny Portage Railroad made continuous boat traffic possible over the Allegheny Mountains between the Juniata and Western Division Canals. It followed a route that included 11 levels, 10 inclined planes fitted with stationary engines that could raise and lower boats and cargo, a , viaduct over the Little Conemaugh River, and many bridges. Infrastructure included 153 drains and culverts. The railroad climbed from the eastern canal basin at Hollidaysburg and from the western basin at Johnstown.

The brook, meanwhile, was diverted into a paved channel. The eastern tributary had been protected by fences and infrastructure from the nearby Old Croton Aqueduct. At the time the park was constructed, the southern portion of the Saw Mill River Parkway was built on top of the dump along the western tributary course. Between the 1930s and 1960s under the supervision of Robert Moses, several highways including the Henry Hudson, Saw Mill and Mosholu Parkways were constructed within Van Cortlandt Park, requiring Tibbetts Brook to be diverted into culverts under the roadways.

Residents in areas affected by Diane's flooding were advised to boil water and not to use gas cooking equipment. Diane's historic rainfall resulted in the wettest month on record in Boston with a total of , a record that stands as of 2010; Boston's 24‑hour total of remained the highest daily total as of 1996. Following Diane's floods, cities in Massachusetts enlarged culverts and improved draining systems, as well as constructing weirs; these systems helped mitigate against future flooding. The name Diane was retired from the Atlantic hurricane naming list.

Despite the issuance of a hurricane warning just eight hours prior to landfall, Jerry caused only three fatalities in Texas, possibly due to the storm's small size; a car fell over the Galveston Seawall, killing its three occupants. Minor wind and coastal flood damage was reported in Louisiana. Jerry and its remnants brought flash flooding to portions of the Upland South, particularly in the states of Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia. In eastern Kentucky, hundreds of homes were flooded and many bridges, culverts, and roads were washed out; this left hundreds of residents stranded.

Efforts are focused on improving surface water quality which will in turn improve the quality of drinking water, increase viability for fish and decrease flooding. The plan includes the repair and cleaning of roadside pipes and ditches, replacing small culverts with larger ones and maintaining the system on a regular basis. Routine inspections are performed during dry weather to detect and address illicit discharges. Beginning in 2012, a good portion of downtown Bettendorf's buildings were being torn down to make way for the new I-74 Bridge project, expected to begin construction in 2018.

Now a widower following the 1903 death of his wife, Alexander Dockery returned to Gallatin prepared for a life of semi-retirement. He was active in local civic affairs, and found enjoyment in, of all things, road repair. It was not an uncommon sight around Daviess County's Union Township to find Dockery with a horse and wagon out patching potholes and fixing culverts. In spite of his earlier clash with Joseph Folk, Dockery remained active in state Democratic politics, serving as treasurer of the Democratic State Committee in 1912 and 1914.

The stream passes under two roads and the M3 motorway. In 1996 the Cove Brook environmental initiative began, and as part of that the Environment Agency dug out the concrete sections, and recreated a more naturalised channel. The river passes under the railway through five circular culverts, and to the north of this feature, the banks of the river were re-profiled, so that at low flows the water still scoured the bed, making dredging unnecessary. The previous regime of mowing the banks very regularly was abandoned, and vegetation allowed to grow, to enhance the habitat.

Sharif and his friend Sajedur Rahman collected and sent money to the freedom fighters. At the end of June, 1971, Shahadat Chowdhury and Habibul Alam came to Sharif's house with a letter from Sector-2 commander Major Khaled Mosharraf. Mosharraf asked Sharif information about bridges and culverts of Bangladesh in order to hamper Pakistani occupation army's movement. Patriot Sharif used to provide detail information of the exact points where to set explosives so that the bridge will be damaged but also there will be less damage so that it can be repaired easily after the country is liberated.

Culvert failures can occur for a wide variety of reasons including maintenance, environmental, and installation- related failures, functional or process failures related to capacity and volume causing the erosion of the soil around or under them, and structural or material failures that cause culverts to fail due to collapse or corrosion of the materials from which they are made.Architectural Record CEU ENR (2013). "Stormwater Management Options and How They Can Fail" (Online Education Course), McGraw Hill Construction Architectural Record-engineering News Record. If the failure is sudden and catastrophic, it can result in injury or loss of life.

State highway frequently asked questions, NZ Transport Agency WAKA KOTAHI accessed 12 October 2016. A feature of both the first and second sections of the motorway was the use of the motorway to form a series of dams on the eastern side of the valley to reduce the flooding risk in the Tawa valley. The motorway created dams across side valleys and gullies with small diameter spun concrete culverts used to control the release of water from the side streams into the main stream. This reduced peak water flow and flood risk during heavy rain events.

Garrity Creek was a highly prized and sacred site because it provided food; acorns from tanbark, valley, coast and live oak trees, as well as buckeye trees. The Huchiun also harvested seeds, berries, greens, nuts and roots in the basin and would travel along Garrity Creek to fish for steelhead, salmon and sturgeon that swam up Garrity Creek to spawn. Major sections of the creek have been dramatically, and perhaps irrecoverably altered by development. Much of waterway to the bay is now underground; in culverts under the Hilltop Green residential development, under highway 80, and under the Hilltop Mall.

The rest of the highway from Peppersauce Wash to San Manuel Mine had also been improved and paved, with two culverts and a railroad overpass being constructed on the short section north of SR 77\. This extended the highway to a total length of . In Cochise County, a section of Pomerene Road near Benson was taken over by the state of Arizona and rebuilt into a section of SR 76\. The newly rebuilt section of road began at I-10, traveling north then curving west continuing briefly before reverting to a county maintained road in Pomerene.

Because development and the multilane U.S. Highway 101 pose barriers to migration of mammals such as tule elk (Cervus elaphus nannoides), puma (Puma concolor), coyote (Canis latrans), bobcat (Lynx rufus), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), American badger (Taxidea taxus), etc. the Coyote Valley and its permeable multiple highway underpasses/culverts serve as the last remaining safe passages between the mountains to the west and east. De Anza students have used motion activated cameras to document that these passages are used by deer, bobcats, puma, coyote, and other large mammals. Tule elk were re-introduced to Mount Hamilton from 1978 to 1981.

Seven units of the Civilian Conservation Corps developed the park from 1933 until 1937. Four groups of veterans, two groups of African Americans, and one junior group, took part in various construction projects, starting with the construction of Park Road 5, a two-lane road from the rim to the floor of the canyon. Other projects included the headquarters building, culverts, low-water crossings, bridges, Spring House, Well House, the Coronado Lodge interpretive center, 4 overnight cabins known as Cow Camp, and the 3 rim cabins. In addition, picnic and camping areas were built, complete with tables, seats, fireplaces and garbage receptacles.

The concrete arch bridge over Little Crystal Creek is an aesthetically pleasing design in a picturesque location along the Mount Spec Road. The bridge spans the Little Crystal Creek gorge in the Paluma Range National Park, and has become representative of this scenic part of the landscape, being a very prominent feature commonly photographed by locals and visitors. The aesthetics of the stone-faced concrete bridge are repeated in the several smaller concrete arch culverts that are located along the full length of the road. The road affords spectacular views of Halifax Bay and the coastal plain.

66 Towards the end of the campaign, Dempsey's HQ was withdrawn to reserve to plan Operation Baytown, Eighth Army's part in the invasion of Italy across the Strait of Messina.Mead 2007, p. 119 Although his Corps' landing on 3 September was unopposed, the Germans ensured his progress was slow by destroying bridges and culverts on the only routes through the harsh terrain. It took nearly two weeks to advance more than to the north to link up with the U.S. Fifth Army (which contained, in addition to the U.S. VI Corps, the British X Corps) landing at Salerno as part of Operation Avalanche.

From Murphy's Creek Station, the railway begins its winding ascent up the Main Range, reaching the summit at Harlaxton before descending gently to Toowoomba Station. The line follows the contours of spurs and ridges, with the railway typically set in along ascending hillsides and banks that sit to the north of the track. Responding to the terrain, numerous built features including tunnels, cuttings, culverts, bridges, embankments and stabilizing works occur along the extent of the railway. Constantly changing and frequently spectacular vistas of steep timbered hills, gullies and distant ranges extend south east to the coastal plain.

The nest is built in natural cavities or man-made structures such as buildings, culverts and shafts, but its preference for isolated and abandoned buildings means that this species has not benefited from artificial sites to the same extent as, for example, the greater or lesser striped swallows. The two or three eggs are pure white, and are incubated by the female alone for 16–17 days to hatching. Both parents then feed the chicks. Fledging takes another 20–23 days, but the young birds will return to the nest to roost for a few days after the first flight.

In 1981 his friend and former colleague, Howard Pawley, persuaded him to run in the upcoming election. He won and defeated George Minaker, a Progressive Conservative government minister who had defeated him in 1973. In 1982 he was appointed Minister of Natural Resources. During his tenure he successfully led the establishment of provincial park planning including the designation of part of the Whiteshell Provincial Park as a wilderness area, the establishment of Atikaki as a wilderness park, the establishment of the first forestry practices guidelines, the restoration of freshwater fish migration through fish ladders and the removal of unnecessary dams and culverts.

San Lorenzo from the west in 2016. San Lorenzo Creek in the center of the picture, restored marshlands in the foreground For more than thirty years there was heated debate over disposal of the site. A 1974 survey by the US Army Corps of Engineers discussed a tidal barrier across the Bay between Sierra Point in the west and Roberts Landing in the east, with flap-gated culverts at each end to allow for transportation use. The report was negative: the only way to reduce tidal plains within the barrier pools was through locks, and this could not be cost-justified.

The nest is constructed with mud pellets and lined with grass or feathers, and may be built on natural sites under cliff overhangs or on man-made structures such as buildings, dam walls, culverts and bridges. It is often reused for subsequent broods or in later years. This species is a solitary breeder, and is not gregarious, but small groups may breed close together in suitable locations. The two or three eggs of a typical clutch are white with brown and grey blotches, and are incubated by both adults for 16–19 days prior to hatching.

After leaving the park, the streams pass through culverts and other conduits before reaching the Willamette River. These conduits block fish migration to and from the Willamette River except on Miller Creek, where the conduits are short and have been modified to assist the fish. Near the east end of the park, the free- flowing reaches of Balch Creek support a population of resident cutthroat trout. Near the west end, furthest from the city center, Miller Creek retains much of its historic nature and supports a greater diversity of aquatic organisms than other Forest Park streams.

The soil in Mesopotamia is mostly of the sort that is normal in arid climates: a shallow layer on top of the bedrock which is not very fertile. They are generally composed of limestone or gypsum with nutritive elements which enable plant growth, but have only a narrow layer in which the roots can grow. Deeper soil is found in the valleys and culverts of Upper Jazirah. In the more arid areas of Lower Jazirah and Lower Mesopotamia by contrast, the soil is generally sparse and very shallow (solonchak and fluvisol types) and mostly composed of gypsum.

The ascent to a height of at Barron Falls Station is an outstanding engineering achievement in a tropical environment, cut through unstable and rugged terrain. It demonstrates the nature of the challenge surmounted by John Robb, his workers and government engineers such as Willoughby Hannam and John Gwynneth. There were numerous deviations to the surveyed line during construction, and the railway utilises cuttings, embankments, tight curves, and multiple bridges, tunnels, culverts and drains. The place contains the largest collection of late nineteenth century tunnels and timber and metal span bridges of any other section of railway in Queensland of comparable length.

Disputes with workers and clashes with local landowners during construction of the Raritan River Railroad sparked sometimes heated conflict. On August 16, 1888, just four months after construction had started, an incident required summoning the local sheriff. One contractor, Charles Van Houghton of Jersey City, was hired to grade the road and lay stone culverts at South Amboy. Although Van Houghton was paid $5000 for the work, he was reported to have absconded without paying his workers their wages. The unpaid workers went on strike as a result, and the sheriff confiscated Van Houghton’s equipment so that the payroll could be met.

The unit moved to Salonika in January 1916 under the command of Capt. C.B. Ede as a Base Unit. Again, little is known of its exact role, however most engineering tasks were centred around the construction of roads through the mountainous country, involving blasting through hillsides and constructing culverts and bridges over dry gaps that would turn to mountain torrents after every rainfall. In September 1916 it worked with the 140th Army Troop and 95th Labour companies to make a road suitable for lorries that ran through Dorjan town and the battle belt to enable the attack upon Signal Allemand.

The River Misbourne diverted via culverts under the M25 The Chalfont Viaduct is built of blue and black engineering brick with additional decorative brickwork. The bridge is approximately high, although it varies in height due to changing ground level, and it has five semi-elliptical arches, each wide. It was constructed between 1902 and 1906 by the Great Western Railway (GWR) to carry trains on the Great Western and Great Central Joint Railway between London and across the River Misbourne. It was designed by James Charles Inglis, chief civil engineer of the GWR, and assistant engineer Robert Cherry Sikes.

The Friends was formed in 2001 when development on steep slopes near the creek's artesian spring source threatened its existence and quality. The friends were eventually successful in preventing the later determined illegal development which was in violation of grade limits for steepness. The FGC fund-raise money and work to create awareness of the watershed and its importance to the area. The creek passes through Hilltop Green, under Interstate 80 via pipes, down a small canyon alongside Hilltop Plaza Shopping Center, and then through culverts to a gorge where it has been dammed to create Hilltop Lake.

Flood remediation work south of the station at Hinksey saw services at the station curtailed & replaced by buses to/from Didcot Parkway in July and August 2016. This allowed the trackbed to be raised by 2 feet (0.65 m) and new culverts installed to reduce the impact of flooding from the nearby River Thames upon the railway (which has caused service interruptions on several occasions in recent years). Concurrent bridge repair work at Hanborough and signalling alterations at Banbury was also carried out over this period. The £18 million scheme was completed on 15 August 2016.

Fire crews continued to work on rehabilitating fire line along the northwestern side of the fire area. Route 242 remained closed while Oregon Department of Transportation and Forest Service crews continued removing rocks and debris from the roadway, repaired culverts, and cut down hazardous snags along the route. Fire activity was minimal, smoldering through small unburned patches inside the fire line and creeping slowly down slope on the west side toward lava beds in the Three Sisters Wilderness. This activity was expected to continue until a season ending rain or snow fall naturally extinguished the last pockets of fire.

The 1931 Texas Legislature dedicated state property at Caddo Lake as a public park. Land was donated by various institutions and individuals between 1933 and 1937, the bulk coming from a gift of 385 acres by Thomas Jefferson Taylor II. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Company 889 began development of the park in 1933. They began building entrance portals, Texas Park Road 2, trails, a shelter house, a boat house, nine cabins, a concession building (currently the group recreation hall), picnic sites, culverts, vehicle bridges, and a well house. CCC Company 857 finished the work in 1937.

The latter include covering of openings such as: air and water intakes, aircraft engines and windows during ash fall events. Roads may be closed to allow clean-up of ash falls, or speed restrictions may be put in place, in order to prevent motorists from developing motor problems and becoming stranded following an ash fall. To prevent further effects on underground water systems or waste water networks, drains and culverts should be unblocked and ash prevented from entering the system. Ash can be moistened (but not saturated) by sprinkling with water, to prevent remobilisation of ash and to aid clean-up.

The work included building culverts and road bridges, filling holes, draining marshes and making the channels of the Luanshya River and other streams deeper and straighter. At the same time latrines were built, garbage removed, the hospital was cleaned regularly and a laboratory was established. The result was a dramatic decline in deaths from 61.1 per 1,000 per month in the rainy season of 1929–1930 to 17.5 per 1,000 per month by 1931–1932. The mining company did not wait for an official government survey, but started to build the planned town of Luanshya immediately.

Wilks was a member of the Yarra Track Committee responsible for building this coach and dray road to the Woods Point Goldfields. He designed a number or small bridges and culverts including the Wilks Creek Bridge, that commemorates his name, on the Marysville Road. (Listed on the National Trust of Australia (Victoria) Register: B6439National Trust of Australia (Victoria) Register: B6439 and on the Register of the National Estate: Place 102643). Built in 1871 as part of the historic "Yarra Track", its thrust blocks indicate an original under-strutted design; it probably originally had a single span.

Economic constraints forced Whitton to build single track bridges. They were progressively bypassed by double track brick arch bridges. A major programme of similar works was begun in 1910 and continued until the mid 1920s but, because steel was an expensive import from Britain, the dominant material for bridging the many waterways was bricks, mostly from the 1912 State Brickworks at Homebush and mostly in the form of large brick arch culverts and viaducts. The quantity of bricks used in the program was enormous and the period could be aptly described as the "era of the brick arch".

Dayboro, SE Queensland, Australia Fairy martins breed from August through to January in colonies usually of a few tens of nests, but the largest known site had 700 nests. Nests are constructed in natural holes in dead trees, riverbanks, cliff faces or rock crevices, but increasingly in artificial sites on bridges, in culverts and pipes, and on buildings. The nest is a retort or bottle shaped structure, made from up to 1000 mud pellets and lined with dried grasses and feathers. The bowl is about 15 cm in diameter, and the entrance tunnel is 5–30 cm long.

In May 1955, a project was announced to construct culverts and a temporary gravel road from Houston to Montpelier, with the road given the designation of MS 389. A surfacing project began in November 1956 for the same section. Around 1957, the MS 389 designation appeared along two roads in eastern Mississippi; one from US 82 and MS 25 in Starkville to MS 10 in Pheba, and another from MS 46 near Montpelier to MS 15 south of Houston. The sections near Pheba and in Chickasaw County were paved in asphalt, and the remaining sections were laid with gravel.

Steel bridges replaced the covered timber bridges at Farwell and Dresser and the small railroad town of Niles became an important junction as freight from the San Francisco Peninsula and produce from the Santa Clara and Salinas Valleys traveled through the canyon to points east. Despite these improvements, the few rebuilding programs by the railroad left the Niles Canyon line with many of its original cut-stone bridge abutments, culverts, and retaining walls from the Western Pacific's original right of way. Many of these stonework built by Chinese laborers in the late 1860s can still be seen today.

The miners in Virginia City were paid the very high wage of $4.00/day. A team could be hired for a few dollars/day. The storm-induced and spring runoff gullies and ruts in the roads would have to be filled in, culverts installed, streams and canyons bridged, gravel hauled in to fill the soft spots in the road, rough spots evened out and road cuts made in the side hills to get around the hills. The only tools available to build and maintain roads then were hand tools: picks, shovels, crow bars, hoes, axes, wheelbarrows, hand saws, etc.

The top of the bridge is covered in the native grass of the area so that it blends in better and animals will not know the difference. Gates were also put on either side of the overpass to help guide animals in the right direction (Semrad 2007). Wildlife underpass for bears in Florida, United States In Southern California, 15 underpasses and drainage culverts were observed to see how many animals used them as corridors. They proved to be especially effective on wide-ranging species such as carnivores, mule deer, small mammals, and reptiles, even though the corridors were not intended specifically for animals.

Although the paddle gear was beyond repair, enough of it was left to see that it included a counterbalance mechanism, and the stonework of the pond was still in good condition. The culverts are currently bricked up, and the brickwork will have to be removed if the side pond is returned to service. Each of the locks has a stone overflow weir on its towpath side, just above the top gates. A stone culvert runs under the towpath to feed the water into the side pond, which also has an overflow weir at its lower end.

Old Towpaths, 311 For culverts and flood gates, a row of heavy planks, interlocked with tongue and groove, would be driven across the canal (similar to a cofferdam) above and below the break, and would swell when wet. After the water drained out through the break, it would be repaired. If the break was in the bank or berm of the canal, the crew would drive two rows of stakes, about a foot apart, across the breach, then weaving rope between them. Straw was put in it, and that would slow or stop the water flow.

The canal deteriorated during the Civil War. In 1869, the company's annual report said, "During the last ten years little or nothing had been done toward repairing and improving lock-houses, culverts, aqueducts, locks, lock-gates and waste weirs of the Company; many of them had become entirely unfit for use and were becoming worthless, rendering it absolutely essential to the requirements of the Company to have them repaired."41st annual report of the C&O; Canal Company (1869), p. 4-5 Still, some improvements were made in the late 1860s, such as replacing Dams No. 4 and 5.

One outlet of the Longford River is visible on the bank of The Thames at the Water Gallery at Hampton Court, just above the junction with the River Mole. Viewed from the Mole across the Thames to Hampton Court Before Heathrow Airport Terminal 5 was built, the Longford River and the Duke of Northumberland's River passed under the runways in culverts. As part of that project they were re-routed in open channels around the west edge of the airport. A new channel was constructed for each river, over 75 per cent of which were made from pre- cast panels manufactured off-site.

At the end of April or early May, PLAN cadres returned to Angola to escape renewed SADF search and destroy efforts and retrain for the following year. Another significant factor of the physical environment was South West Africa's limited road network. The main arteries for SADF bases on the border were two highways leading west to Ruacana and north to Oshikango, and a third which stretched from Grootfontein through Kavangoland to Rundu. Much of this vital road infrastructure was vulnerable to guerrilla sabotage: innumerable road culverts and bridges were blown up and rebuilt multiple times over the course of the war.

The wing walls obscure portions of the arch, including its spandrels and abutments The bridge has been widened by the addition of steel culverts to both sides, further obscuring the original structure. The bridge is topped by a gravel base and paved roadway, and has a total width of , including the culvert extensions. This bridge is one of more than about 40 built in Towshend and other nearby communities by James Otis Follett, a local mason. Of thirteen bridges built by Follett in Townshend, only six survived when this bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Another event occurred on 14 March 1985, when heavy rains caused flooding, resulting in the evacuation of many homes. Heavy flooding again affected the town on 8 April 2014, when light rains and abruptly mild temperatures resulted in the rapid melting of a large volume of snow in a short period of time. The elevated railbed passing east–west through the town forms an artificial berm, impeding the flow of meltwater runoff from north to south. With only a couple of culverts to let the runoff go under the railbed, they were quickly overwhelmed and many basements north of the tracks were flooded.

The N7 is a Bangladeshi national highway connecting the Daulatdia Ferry Terminal, on the south bank of the Padma River near the Bangladeshi capital Dhaka, with the Port of Mongla in Bagerhat District. It serves some of the largest cities and towns in southwestern Bangladesh, including Faridpur, Magura, Jhenaidah, Jessore, and Khulna. The highway is known along various stretches as the Dhaka–Khulna Highway, the Jessore-Khulna Highway, and the Khulna-Mongla Highway. Southwestern Bangladesh is laced with numerous rivers and streams, which results in N7 having the most bridges and culverts of any highway in the national system.

85 By May 1916 it had been extended on to Hafir El Auja then south across the Egyptian frontier, to almost reached the Wadi el Arish in December 1916 when the Battle of Magdhaba was fought. German engineers directed the construction of stone Ashlar bridges and culverts along this railway line built to move large numbers of troops long distances quickly and keep them supplied many miles from base. Ottoman military town of Hafir el Aujah, the Principal Desert Base Any attack on the Suez Canal would require artillery and a bridging train to be dragged across the desert.Falls 1930 Vol.

There were four more locks on the main line, and a lock at the entrance to Huntworth Basin. One final lock connected the basin to the river, and again it had a set of reverse-facing gates, so that the basin could be drained at low tide, and the low level retained for maintenance if required. A system of paddle gearing – using metal ball weights at the top and metal cylinder weights at the bottom – is unique to the Bridgwater and Taunton Canal. Over fifty culverts were built to carry streams and drainage ditches under the canal.

Studies have shown they often choose to traverse drainage culverts under roads, so this is seen as a viable means of reducing deaths on busy roads in rural areas or national parks where the animals are more common. Despite their spines, they are preyed on by birds of prey, the Tasmanian devil, dingoes, snakes, lizards, goannas, cats, and foxes,Augee, Gooden and Musser, pp. 120–121. although almost all victims are young. Goannas are known for their digging abilities and strong sense of smell, and are believed to have been the main predators of the echidna before the introduction of eutherian mammals.

After some fifteen years of effort the engine is now working again and is run on the open days organised by the Trust. When the buildings were abandoned, the pumps and culverts and all the subterranean areas below the Beam Engine House were filled with sand to reduce the risks from methane. This has meant that some 100 tons of this sand has had to be excavated from around and underneath the pumps before there was any hope of moving the beam and flywheel. Further, there was a considerable ingress of rain water which resulted in serious rusting of the engine parts.

Codornices Creek may have escaped burial in pipes because much of it formed the Berkeley–Albany border, making projects complicated. It is Berkeley's most intact creek, in and out of culverts, mostly at streets. Some of the longer covered portions are below Neilson Street, San Pablo Avenue, Eastshore Highway, and Interstate 80. The creek exits this last culvert into a narrow tidal slough—the remnant of the former salt marsh - that makes a right turn to follow between Golden Gate Fields Racetrack and the I-80/I-580 freeway, following the creek's original northward course to San Francisco Bay.

Stabilisation of bunds, river banks, creek and small islands in the area would form part of Phase II. The project would also restore the normal tidal inflow into the creek and estuary and make the place a haven for more species of aquatic birds. After completion of the second phase, residents are likely to be allowed there for morning walks. There are proposals to enlarge the culverts below Santhome Causeway to allow passage of water in and out of the creek. Mangrove plantations will also come up along the river to the Thiru Vi Ka Bridge in Adyar.

To extend the existing Prince George-Aleza Lake highway,Prince George Citizen, 25 Apr 1929 the to Longworth were cleared, grubbed and rough graded during 1929.Prince George Citizen: 9 May 1929 & 15 Aug 1929 Despite the ongoing Hansard-Longworth work, the rapid deterioration of the road, culverts and bridges, made it largely impassable beyond Hansard. By 1931, the Great Depression relief program provided labour from three camps between Aleza Lake and Hansard.Prince George Citizen: 20 Aug 1931, 3 Sep 1931 & 15 Oct 1931 When worker discontent escalated, the men at the Hansard and Mile 111 camps refused to work.

Today Little Falls Branch flows through a highly urbanized area, and parts of the stream have been altered through construction of underground pipes, culverts and open concrete channels. The stream runs near the Dalecarlia drinking water treatment plant in Washington and occasionally has received overflow discharges from the plant. According to a study conducted by the county government, the water quality of the stream and its tributaries is poor, due to water pollution from urban runoff, as well as the channelization described above. The county and the Town of Somerset have installed several stream restoration projects throughout the watershed.

OS-Map of the Flight of locks at Falkirk The two canals served by the wheel were previously connected by a series of 11 locks. With a difference in height, it required of water per run and took most of a day to pass through the flight. By the 1930s these had fallen into disuse, and the locks were dismantled in 1933. The Forth and Clyde Canal closed at the end of 1962, and by the mid-1970s the Union Canal was filled in at both ends, rendered impassable by culverts in two places and run in pipes under a housing estate.

The Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA) has requested for parliamentary approval to tarmac the Luweero–Butalangu Road from gravel surface to class II bitumen with drainage channels and culverts. The improvements are budgeted at US$40 million co- financed by the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA) and the OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID), and are expected to last two years. A modern abattoir and meat-processing plant are planned within the town limits. The joint venture between Nakaseke District local government and Uganda Meat Producers Cooperative Union (UMPCU), is expected to receive donor assistance from Norway.

The first miners were Cornish, and brought with them the expertise of centuries of tin-mining in Cornwall. The ruins of the buildings they constructed as well as the stonework of the bridges and culverts of the railway built to transport the ore to Port Nolloth, can still be seen. The Namaqualand Railway started operating in 1876 and lasted for 68 years, carrying ore to Port Nolloth and returning with equipment and provisions. The carriages were initially pulled by mules and horses, which were later replaced by steam locomotives - the last of these, the Clara, stands at Nababeep.

Hibernating American black bears spend their time in hollowed-out dens in tree cavities, under logs or rocks, in banks, caves, or culverts and in shallow depressions. Although naturally made dens are occasionally used, most dens are dug out by the bear itself. Females have been shown to be pickier in their choice of dens in comparison to males. During their time in hibernation, an American black bear's heart rate drops from 40–50 beats per minute to 8 beats per minute and the metabolic rate can drop to a quarter of the bear's (nonhibernating) basal metabolic rate (BMR).

The historic headwaters of the stream originate in the Langdon area in Northeast Washington (in the southwest corner of the Langdon Park Community/Recreation Center), however at present this portion of the stream and its tributaries are enclosed in underground pipes and culverts. The daylight portion of the stream can be seen south of New York Avenue, in the National Arboretum, and the stream continues southeast about 1 mile (1.6 km) to the Anacostia, which drains to the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay. The watershed area of Hickey Run is about 2.08 mi² (5.4 km²).Anacostia Watershed Restoration Partnership (AWRP).

After one intersection nearby with Bayou Drive, the road runs over two culverts, and curves slightly to the left before running over two more, and curving to the left again. After the fifth culvert, the road encounters one house and makes a sharp turn towards the southwest, where it crosses over its first bridge. The second bridge is where it enters Pine Island itself, and then makes another sharp turn to the south. Winding through Pine Island, and encountering numerous private roads and beach houses, the road terminates at the entrance to Alfred McKethan/Pine Island Park.

That stretch from Menasha to Stevens Point was already somewhat settled, and Reed traveled up and down it raising support from the young towns that stood to profit from a rail connection. The arrangement with Colby was that locally raised money would buy the right of way, clear and grade it, put in culverts and bridges, and provide ties. Then, Colby and his associates would provide the rails, stations, and all the equipment to run a railroad. Reed persuaded Menasha, Neenah, and Waupaca to each give $50,000 to the project, Stevens Point $30,000, Ashland $20,000, and other towns smaller amounts.

Northern Flood Relief Culvert showing the intersection of the tunnels from the Markeaton and Mackworth brooks Following the floods of 1931 and 1932, the Borough council arranged for an investigation to be carried out into the flooding problem within the catchment. The planned solution was the construction of two flood relief culverts, with associated improvements to the sewerage system. Opened in 1938, the largest of the diversion tunnels was called the Northern Flood Relief Culvert, and drains excess flows from the Markeaton and Mackworth brooks. The second, known as the Bramble brook culvert takes surplus flows for that tributary stream.

Below the A419 Dudbridge Road bridge, the water was discharged into the River Frome. As a consequence of its flood relief function, the channel here is classified as a "main river". Designs for reinstatement of the canal have had to accommodate large flows on this section, and include underground bywash culverts, capable of carrying the full flood flow of all three streams. A new weir which carries a towpath bridge has been constructed where the water leaves the canal to enter the River Frome, and a set of floodgates has been constructed beyond the weir, to protect the canal from high water levels.

In 1976, the state of Florida selected the Dade Battlefield State Historic Site to be a Florida Bicentennial Trail site. To emphasize the park's historical significance, the Division of Recreation and Parks attempted to remove the playground, the baseball field, the tennis courts, and the shuffleboard and horseshoe courts. The south end of the road dividing the park was cut off, making it safe for visitors, and culverts were placed in the ditch that was dug in the park at some time after the battle. In addition, park officials planned to obtain a cannon for the battlefield.

Defensive structures would be used to avoid damage by flood water, and drainage channels, fords, culverts and suspension bridges would be built. On 3 January, 1915 the work was started after a ceremony at the home of Don Carlos Nicander Peace. The Governor of Cordoba, Ramón J. Carcano, said in his speech that the road to the summits would be a way of beauty. It would start from the liquid diamond edge of a lake, wind between green hills, up cultivated valleys, through primitive forests, over dark gorges with hanging bridges, cross streams and reach summits gilded by the sun and clouds.

Time of concentration is useful in predicting flow rates that would result from hypothetical storms, which are based on statistically derived return periods through IDF curves.Sherman, C. (1931): Frequency and intensity of excessive rainfall at Boston, Massachusetts, Transactions, American Society of Civil Engineers, 95, 951–960. (pdf) For many (often economic) reasons, it is important for engineers and hydrologists to be able to accurately predict the response of a watershed to a given rain event. This can be important for infrastructure development (design of bridges, culverts, etc.) and management, as well as to assess flood risk such as the ARkStorm- scenario.

The government of Uganda has earmarked this road for upgrading through the conversion of the existing gravel road to bitumen surface and the building of bridges, drainage channels, culverts and intersections. In January 2018, the Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA), on behalf of the government of Uganda, awarded the renovation contract to China Wuyi Industrial Company (CWIC). The renovation is funded in part, by a $40 million loan provided by the Exim Bank of China. Other credible sources have quoted the combined renovation price for this road and the connecting Buhimba–Nalweyo–Kakindu–Bulamagi Road at US$138 million.

The springs at the North Police Precinct and North Seattle Community College are headwaters of the south fork of Thornton Creek; this fork flows through culverts under I-5 and the south lot of Northgate Mall development.Bowditch, Wang, & Wilson These neighborhoods are natural extensions of Maple Leaf downstream.Brokaw Neighborhood activists and North Seattle Community College (NSCC) have been promoting habitat restoration in support.(1) Hodson (2) NSCC grounds have a nationally-recognized native habitat, a pentimento of restored native species on a palimpsest of former 1940s suburb, former dairy farm, former bog where native Dkhw’Duw’Absh harvested cranberries.

While the culvert discharge capacity derives from hydrological and hydraulic engineering considerations, this results often in large velocities in the barrel, creating a possible fish passage barrier. Critical culvert parameters in terms of fish passage are the dimensions of the barrel, particularly its length, cross-sectional shape, and invert slope. The behavioural response by fish species to culvert dimensions, light conditions, and flow turbulence may play a role in their swimming ability and culvert passage rate. There is no simple technical means to ascertain the turbulence characteristics most relevant to fish passage in culverts, but it is understood that the flow turbulence plays a key role in fish behaviour.

1431st Company, deployed as part of the 168th Engineer Brigade, conducts a Route Clearance patrol through the Khost- Gardez Pass in eastern Afghanistan, note the Chubby mine detector vehicles leading the convoy, which are typically unique to sapper units US forces entered the war in Afghanistan in 2001. Although there was fierce fighting such as the Battle of Tora Bora and Operation Anaconda, the IED threat remained generally low until later in the war. Afghanistan is a rural country with rough terrain, most of the roads are unimproved and due to the abundance of rivers many culverts are present. Because of this IED threats are numerous.

The burn has a history of flooding, and major events occurred on 3 January 1982, 28 May 1983, 3 November 1984, 6 October 1990, 7 October 1993, 26–27 April 2000, 7–8 November 2000, and in October 2002. After the flooding in 2000, the City of Edinburgh Council elected to install a flood prevention scheme along much of the stream's length. Walls and embankments were constructed at points along the length of the burn, and new culverts and bridges were installed, and alterations to upstream reservoirs in the Pentland Hills were carried out. Parks and golf courses were modified to store water in the event of a flood.

It occasionally floods after heavy rain, such as on 20 October 2006, and again on 29 May 2008, when the rainfall was too heavy for the culverts to cope. Some houses around Leg Square, Lower Lane and Draycott Road were submerged to a depth of . A study by the Environment Agency identified that the current standard of flood protection in these parts of the town is insufficient, as it was of a 5–10-year event standard, whereas current guidelines require protection of a 50–200-year standard. In the summer of 2010, the Agency began construction of a flood alleviation scheme at a cost of about £1.3 million.

The clay was used to build up the banks, and the gang were employed continuously from 1804 until the 1960s on this task. Finally the engineering issues that created the work were solved, and the canal was underpinned with steel piling in the 1960s, to isolate it from the peat. The idea that the drains defined in the 1823 Enclosure Act already existed is confirmed by the fact that they were carried under the canal in culverts when the canal was built across the edge of Whixall Moss in c.1801. When railways arrived in the area, they also faced the decision of whether to cross the moss or bypass it.

Austin's 1928 master plan proposed the construction of additional bridges to the west and south of downtown to ease travel to and from the city center, and it specified that the bridges should be of ornamental concrete rather than bare structural steel. A municipal bond funded the construction of some twenty-one bridges and drainage culverts around the city between 1928 and 1932, including the new Fifth Street bridge. By July 5, 1929, Austin's city council had approved funds for a construction easement along West Fifth Street to the Shoal Creek crossing. Construction began and was completed in 1931, at a total cost of $31,650.31 ().

The Baltimore and Ohio Related Industries Historic District comprises a portion of Martinsburg, West Virginia to either side of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad line as it runs through the city. The district includes the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Martinsburg Shops, a National Historic Landmark, and a variety of industrial and commercial concerns that depended on the railroad. Along with buildings, the district includes the infrastructure associated with the building of the railroad in an urbanizing environment, such as the channelizing of Tuscarora Creek and a variety of culverts, underpasses and retaining walls. Significant buildings include, apart from the roundhouse/shop complex, the B. & O. Railroad station and hotel.

Maggie and Susie Creeks, which enter the Humboldt River near Carlin, have benefited from 20 years of work by ranchers, agencies, mines, and non-profit groups via improvements in grazing techniques and specific projects. These projects, which include installation of fish passable culverts, have led to the return of migrating Lahontan cutthroat trout (LCT, Onchorhynchus clarkii henshawi). North American beaver (Castor canadensis) seem to have been making a comeback in Elko County possibly due to less fur trapping combined with reduced consumption of riparian willow and other vegetation by cattle. Stream flows are more perennial, making more water available for wildlife and livestock and protecting populations of native trout.

Castle Mountain internment camp (1915)Recognizing the value of future tourism, the main purpose of the camp was to push the Banff highway on through to Lake Louise, although, in addition, bridges, culverts and fireguards were also built.Bill Waiser, Park Prisoners: The Untold Story of Western Canada's National Parks, 1915-1946(Saskatoon-Calgary: Fifth House Publishers, 1995), p. 14 The camp consisted of tents within a dual barbed wire enclosure. The tents however proved inadequate during the severe winter climate, forcing the camp to relocate to military barracks built on the outskirts of the town of Banff, adjacent to the Cave and Basin, site of the original Hot Springs.

Industry in Yonkers developed along the Saw Mill, so polluting the river by the end of the 19th century that a local poet called it a "snake-like yellow scrawl of scum". In the 1920s, the last half-mile (800 m) of the stream was routed into tunnels and culverts under downtown Yonkers, a process partially reversed in the early 21st century when it became the first major New York waterway to be daylighted. Today, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rates the river's last as an impaired water body. Plastics are commonly found along the riverbank, and metals from industrial factories are found in the water in high concentrations.

The remains of old railways typically perish with time due to both natural influences and human development, and the Waimate Branch is no exception. There are no readily obvious remnants of the line in the town of Waimate, though the formation between Waimate and the junction with the Main South Line can be clearly seen. Along the route of the Waimate Gorge Branch out of Waimate, the line's formation including a cutting, a bridge abutment, and some brick culverts can be located, and for about 5 km, a walkway follows the route of the line beside the Waihao River.Central South Island Tourism, "The Strawberry Trail", accessed 22 October 2007.

Kräppladiket is one of the four inflow rivers of Lake Magelungen in southern Stockholm, Sweden. It empties into the lake in its northern end together with Magelungsdiket and Norrån while Djupån joins the lake on its southern end. In contrast to Magelungsdiket, Kräppladiket was not considerably affected by the construction of the south-western suburbs in the early 1950s, but important part of the ditch was however guided through culverts limiting the open stream to the 1,4 km passing through the Rågsved Open-air Area south of Rågsved. A bit less than 50 per cent of the catchment area is occupied by one-family houses and green spaces.

Messrs Peto, Brassey and Betts, contractors with extensive worldwide experience in railway construction and builders of Section 1, were awarded the contract on 27 February 1865 for a sum of . Section 5, the ascent of the Main Range from Murphy's Creek to Toowoomba was the most difficult section to engineer, involving steep gradients of 1 in 50, nine tunnels, 47 bridges, 126 curves, numerous cuttings, embankments, culverts and nearly of track work. Extensive use of radius rail was necessary to negotiate the ascent. Nearly two thirds of the line required cutting, approximately one quarter embankments and the remainder tunnelling and bridging, over a rise close to .

As other surviving examples post-date the construction of the Main Range Railway, the brick abutments are thought to be the oldest in Queensland. Between 1899 and 1902 the track was strengthened to support axle loads and realigned to eliminate curves below a five chain radius, while the inadequate original iron girder bridges on timber piers were replaced with embankments and culverts. During this period Swansons Rail Bridge was constructed close to the summit of the range; it is notable as the first concrete arched rail bridge constructed in Australia. From the latter half of the 1990s to 2006, eleven timber bridges were replaced with steel or concrete drains.

The main stem, running through a deep canyon that separates Berkeley from Kensington, is joined below San Pablo Avenue by a fan of tributaries, their lower reaches mostly in culverts. The largest of these is Middle or Blackberry Creek, a southern branch. The creek is named for Albany Hill, formerly called Cerrito de San Antonio, a prominent (elevation 294 ft.) isolated hill on the shoreline of San Francisco Bay in Albany (The hill is now some distance inland due to Bay fill). Cerrito Creek, joined by a fan of other small creeks, formerly meandered to the Bay through a large marsh just north of the hill.

Details including bridges, retaining walls, culverts, and other features were designed by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Design under the supervision of Thomas Chalmers Vint. Work began in 1927 on a total of of road, which was completed in 1930. The highway features a tunnel that follows the profile of the Pine Creek Canyon wall at a consistent distance of from the outside face of the rock to the centerline of the tunnel. The west portal is framed by a masonry facade of cut sandstone, while the east portal is a naturalistically formed hole in the rock, entered directly from a bridge.

Unlike many large cities, Charlotte is not sited on or near a sea, lake, or significant river; its hydrogeography is based on small streams and creeks, Little Sugar Creek being perhaps the most prominent. The name of Little Sugar Creek (which has also been called Sugar Creek, a name that has also been applied to what is now called Irwin Creek) derives from the Sugaree tribe indigenous to the area. Running through some of Charlotte's oldest neighborhoods, over time parts of Little Sugar Creek became hidden by houses, factories, parking lots, riprap, highways, and culverts. The stream also became very polluted by runoff from factories and sewers, and litter.

In addition to building wooden bridges and grading the railroad bed, the laborers built culverts, retaining walls, and bridge piers in masonry. In October 1866, construction was halted because of disagreements between the railroad’s contractors and its financiers. In June 1869, the Central Pacific Railroad, a subsidiary of which had acquired the Western Pacific and Oakland Point in 1868, restarted work on the railroad line through Alameda Cañon, also using Chinese laborers, and added a new line from the mouth of the canyon northwest towards Oakland. An aqueduct, built to carry water needed for the Vallejo Flour Mills, ran parallel to the present Niles Canyon Road.

State and local governments, often assisted by community volunteers, undertook projects related to public health, natural resources, and recreation in a region with many homes, industries, businesses, and roads. The businesses and industries in the watershed employ about 57,000 people, which is also frequented by more than 150 bird species and 26 fish species and animals including otters, beaver, and coyotes. One of the nation's largest freshwater urban wetlands, Smith and Bybee Wetlands Natural Area, shares the lower slough watershed with a sewage treatment plant, marine terminals, a golf course, and a car racetrack. Watercraft able to portage over culverts and levees can travel the entire length of the slough.

From Shahdara, the track mainly consisted of a single track until the city Peshawar. Construction works to dualize the entire track between Karachi to Shahdara were completed and inaugurated in January 2016. As part of the first phase of the CPEC railway project, the remaining stretch of track between Shahdara and Peshawar is to be upgraded to a dual track railway. The 676 kilometer portion between Lalamusa, north of Lahore, and Peshawar will require complete reconstruction with the addition of tunnels, culverts, and bridges, while over 900 kilometers south of Lalamusa towards Karachi will be upgraded to handle cars with a 25-ton axle load capacity.

Rains and associated floods topped a number of culverts and bridges, washed out the sides of some roadways, and damage to some utility lines, followed by significant disruptions to electricity services. The exact amount of damage to the territory remains unknown, however. Subtropical Depression Seventeen to the north of Puerto Rico, with its long rainband reaching into the northeastern Caribbean In the U.S. Virgin Islands, heavy rainfall associated with Otto shattered numerous records for October across the US Virgin Islands, with a maximum total of 21.52 in (547 mm) reported in Red Hook, Saint Tomas. The rain flooded roads and prompted officials opened shelters on all three islands on October 6.

At least six steelhead were noted passing the tidal gates at Mayfield Slough in the Palo Alto Flood Basin in April 1987. There are many formidable obstacles to fish passage on Adobe Creek, including whether the fish ladder below El Camino Real is cluttered with debris, and drop structures above culverts under Interstate 280 and Foothill Expressway. The long concrete trapezoidal channel structure from El Camino Real northward to Highway 101 challenges fish with thin sheets of rapid horizontal flow during winter. Additional barriers occur at the O'Keefe Lane and Hidden Villa bridges, and the creek suffers from significant bank erosion, failing channel stabilization structures, and sedimentation.

The Adventure playground at the Parish School was started in 2008 with a sand-pile and two cement culverts. The three-acre play-area now contains a zip-line, shade structures, and an expanse of grassy floodplain, with natural features (dirt, grass, sticks), wildlife, and various scavenged construction materials, other recyclables, lumber, pipes, fabric and rope. Children also have access to tools (hammers and nails, hand drills and saws, shovels and post-hole diggers) for building structures out of recycled building materials. Many of these materials are collected from the Building Materials Reuse Warehouse, a part of the City of Houston's Solid Waste Management Department.

The stream is fed from a number of sources but there is little documentary evidence and the actual origins of some are unknown. The head of the stream consists of three culverts emerging from below Ringwood Road; it is believed that one drains Canford Heath, one is fed from the Bournemouth and West Hampshire Water works at Francis Avenue and the third is supplied by road run-off. After flowing across Alderney Recreation Ground the stream is culverted for and re-emerges at Coy Pond Gardens. The stream is also fed by natural seeps and flushes, and there are 62 documented surface water discharges to the watercourse.

The old route through Paradise Plains subsequently dropped out of vogue. In 1865, the first drays and wagons reached Woods Point via the Yarra Track, but they could only get through during the summer months. The Yarra Track shortened the trip to Woods Point from Melbourne to a little over , compared with via Jamieson. Clement Wilks, an engineer with the Victorian Department of Roads and Bridges, was a member of the Yarra Track Committee responsible for building this coach and dray road, designing a number or small bridges and culverts including the Wilks Creek Bridge,National Trust of Australia (Victoria) Register: B6439 on the Marysville Road, and the Big Culvert.

The name is from the Natick language and means "junction or confluence". The river rises in Reading, flows roughly south through Woburn and Winchester, and empties into the Mystic Lakes. It is generally small and heavily channelized, often running through underground culverts, but is quite apparent in Winchester center where it widens into Judkins Pond and the Mill Pond. The river's 25 square mile watershed covers most of Woburn and about half of Winchester, as well as portions of the surrounding communities of Lexington, Burlington, Wilmington, Reading, Wakefield, and Stoneham. The Aberjona River was first identified by Europeans shortly after 1631, when Captain Edward Johnson explored the area.

The creek runs from the Berkeley Hills through the cities of Berkeley and Albany to San Francisco Bay. Throughout much of its course, it runs in culverts. Below San Pablo Avenue through the University Village, it runs in the open in several stretches. It was daylighted in the course of the construction of the Target store between Eastshore Highway and the Union Pacific tracks.Creek mouths along the Bay Trail in Berkeley, Albany, and south Richmond, by Susan Schwartz, Friends of Five Creeks, March 9, 2003, retrieved March 12, 2008Marin Creek, ACME.com, retrieved March 12, 2008 The creek empties into a slough it shares with Codornices Creek and Schoolhouse Creek.

It was formally abandoned in 1955, after which the Churchbridge flight and much of the Extension Canal were destroyed by open cast mining. Plans for its restoration began in 1975 and the forerunner to the Lichfield and Hatherton Canals Restoration Trust was formed in 1989. Since then they have worked hard to protect and restore the canal, which was threatened by the route of the M6 Toll motorway. Negotiations eventually led to the provision of two culverts, one paid for by the Trust and the other by the road builders, which will be used in due course for the route of the re-aligned canal.

The privatisation of British Rail in the 1990s saw the line and station franchised to South West Trains. Work started February 2009 on a £20 million project which included building a new platform on the site of the disused platform, installing a new footbridge, lifts and waiting shelter, strengthening seven bridges and 20 culverts, installing 12 new signals, replacing three miles of signal cables and modernising the signalling panel at Chard Junction signal box and completed that December with a passing loop incorporating the station tracks. This allowed the previous sparse, irregular timetable to be replaced with a regular hourly frequency; trains being timetabled to pass at Axminster.

When a beaver family built several dams on a tributary of Chehalem Creek upstream from the West Sheridan Street culvert, a large beaver pond formed and threatened the road bed. The city hired a professional trapper to rid the stream of beavers. However, the city reversed its order to kill the beavers when local citizens complained about the inhumane nature of using a trap likely to drown the beaver and also that wildlife had been resurgent since the beavers arrived. A third option might be to consider installation of a flow device that uses pipe levelers and fencing to regulate the water level of beaver dams and keep culverts open.

When the moor is flooded, large numbers of wildfowl may be present; with up to 22,000 wigeon (Anas penelope), 250 Bewick's swan (Cygnus bewickii) and good numbers of pochard (Aythya ferina), teal (Anas crecca) and tufted duck (Aythya fuligula). Regular signs of the otter (Lutra lutra) are to be seen on the muddy banks of the River Parrett. The ditches on the east side of the site contain a population of the palmate newt (Triturus helveticus). During 2009 and 2010 work was undertaken to upgrade sluice gates, watercourses and culverts to enable seasonal flooding during the winter diverting water from the Sowy River onto the moor.

The total length of surface streams in the drainage basin is about , while another run through culverts or pipes. Although major flooding in 1996 caused landslides and severe damage to stream beds and banks along Tryon Creek and its tributaries, it caused no significant property damage in the watershed. In 2000, the population of the Tryon Creek watershed within Portland was about 18,000. In 2005, Portland's Bureau of Environmental Services (BES) described land-use zoning in the watershed as follows: single-family residential, 55 percent; parks and open space, 14 percent; multi-family residential, 5 percent; commercial, 3 percent, and insufficient data, 2 percent.

A culvert is shown at this location on early plans for the railway. Additional culverts of this style still exist in the nearby area - at Wulkuraka to the west (Sandstone Railway Culvert, Wulkuraka) and directly east of the site across Mihi Creek at North Ipswich (Sandstone Railway Culvert, North Ipswich). The first battery of beehive ovens, the "Mihi Ovens" built c.1884 by John Wright and Brydon and Jones & Coy, then owners of the Mihi Mine, is located on Lot 5 on AP3320 immediately north and west of the Klondyke Coke Ovens. The ovens were recorded by Whitmore (1983) and re-located by DERM (2010).

These locks were half as wide of those on the connecting Kennet and Avon Canal, thus two vessels from the Somerset Coal Canal could fit side by side in the broad Kennet and Avon locks. To achieve the climb in the available area, the lock flight diverted north of the caisson and inclined plane routes, before turning 170° and rejoining the route to the south. This hairpin bend became known as the "Bull's Nose". Speed of traversing the flight was a priority, and the lock paddles and culverts were made as large as practicable to empty and fill the locks as quickly as possible.

The fame of this bridge leads many people today to associate the iron-making part of the Industrial Revolution with the neighbouring village of Ironbridge, but in fact most of the work was done at Coalbrookdale, as there was no settlement at Ironbridge in the eighteenth century. Expansion of Coalbrookdale's industrial facilities continued, with the development of sophisticated ponds and culverts to provide water power, and even Resolution, a water-returning beam engine to recirculate this water. In 1795, the first porcelain factory near Coalbrookdale was founded at Coalport, east of the Iron Bridge, by William Reynolds and John Rose,Trinder (2000), p. 88 producing Coalport porcelain.

The primary threat to salmonids in this report were bridge culverts at three sites which impede fish passage during low creek flows, and one site where a culvert from a small tributary is completely impassable in any season. Four special-status animal species - California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii), coho salmon, steelhead, and tidewater goby are the focus of a June 2010 Watershed Management Plan. Western leatherwood (Dirca occidentalis), Santa Cruz manzanita (Arctostaphylos andersonii), and King’s Mountain manzanita (Arctostaphylos regismontana), which are all included in the California Native Plant Society's Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California, have been documented in the La Honda Creek Open Space Preserve.

As recently as June 2019, a small number of people have continued to evade CBP agents within the gulch. Due to the decrease in people crossing the border in the gulch, sensitive areas in the Tijuana River Estuary are no longer trampled upon. At the base of the filled portion of the gulch, underneath the border barrier, are two culverts to allow water flow. Following the construction of the border barrier in the gulch, a water channel was created to allow water from the gulch to flow into the Tijuana River; this channel is dredged and excavated yearly to remove trash, debris, and sands, which clog the channel.

It was built in 1940, when six Crossley diesel engines, rated at and driving Gwynnes pumps were installed. Five were refurbished by the National Rivers Authority in 1994, and the sixth was replaced by an electric motor. Discharge into the River Trent is through the culverts when the water level in the river is low enough, and through the pumps when it is not. A number of the pumping stations within the Chase are reversible, so that water is pumped from the drainage ditches to the high level carriers when there is a risk of flooding, and from the carriers to the ditches when water is needed for irrigation.

Historically a part of Surrey, Battersea was centred on a church established on an island at the mouth of the Falconbrook; a small river that rises in Tooting Bec Common and flowed through south London to the River Thames.London Under London: A subterranean guide: Richard Trench and Ellis Hillman: Battersea is mentioned in Anglo-Saxon times as Badrices īeg = "Badric's Island" and later "Patrisey". As with many former parishes beside major rivers some land was reclaimed by draining marshland and building culverts for streams. The original village nucleus is marked by St. Mary's Church, which is on a site that has featured churches since the 9th century.

Maryvale once had a station on the Main Western line and a railway was proposed between Maryvale Triangular Junction (located at , north of Maryvale station) and Sandy Hollow on the Merriwa Branch Railway Line as part of a railway linking Dubbo and western New South Wales to Newcastle. Only the Sandy Hollow–Gulgong section has been completed as part of Ulan Mine Rail Link to Newcastle, although most of the earthworks, culverts, bridge abutments and so on and Tunnel No 5 of 5 (Sandy Hollow to Maryvale Railway Line) (located at ) were built on the section between Gulgong and Maryvale between 1937 and 1951.

Bridge at Spalt, today a cycle path Between 1870 and 1872, Schmidt, a construction engineer from the Nuremberg Railway Construction Section, came up with a total of four possible routes, the first one eventually being selected. In comparison with the others this was the shortest route and the one that required the least structural work; thus it was also the most cost-effective. The town of Spalt also took measures to reduce the cost; for example, the 14 structures (bridges and culverts) were built of stone that came from demolishing the town walls. Almost three quarters of the route consisted of straight line and only six curves were needed.

The rest of the Division was spread out, with the 1st Battalion, 43rd Regiment securing Route 20 north of Xuân Lộc, the 2nd Battalion was south of Định Quán and the 3rd Battalion was in Hoai Duc District Town in Bình Tuy Province. The 52nd Regiment, minus its 3rd Battalion on Route 1 between Bien Hoa and Xuân Lộc, was in Xuân Lộc with elements operating northwest of the town. The PAVN began their Long Khánh-Bình Tuy campaign with strong attacks against ARVN positions on the two principal lines of communication in the region, Highways 1 and 20 striking outposts, towns, bridges and culverts north and east of Xuan Loc.

Map of Lahore showing major roads The project includes the construction of a six-lane divided carriageway, interchanges, RCC bridges, reinforced earth abutments/walls, overhead pedestrian bridges, culverts, sub-ways, underpasses, flyovers and related works. Length: 85 km Lanes: 6 Speed limit: minimum speed is 80km/hr, maximum speed is 100km/h for heavy transport vehicles and 120km/h for light transport vehicles Separation: central raised concrete median and grade- separated junctions Access: restricted to fast moving vehicles only, including high-performance heavy bikes. The road is fenced on either side. Pedestrians, bicycles, low-performance motorcycles, animal-driven carriages, and other slow-moving vehicles are not permitted.

The nonprofit also made a $300,000 ($ in dollars) donation to the park agency to help with the transition, and pledged another $200,000 ($ in dollars) once restoration plans had been finalized. One of the first projects Cleveland Metroparks undertook at Acacia was the restoration of Euclid Creek. This involved removing the culverts through which the creek flowed, rebuilding a meandering channel, removing armor and channelization structures, and reconnecting the stream to its floodplain. Projects the following year included removing the tile drainage system which underlay the park, building swales throughout the park, and planting extensive new trees, shrubs, native plants, and grasses around Euclid Creek and elsewhere in the new park.

In 1928, the Tamiami Trail was considered a feat of engineering, although there appears to have been minimal consideration of the potential damage to the Everglades by the roadway and the Tamiami Canal. Both have acted as a dam to block water flow from Lake Okeechobee to Florida Bay at the southern tip of the peninsula. As a result, the Everglades—the "River of Grass"—has had its water flow greatly diminished over the years, resulting in a devastating effect on the ecology of the region. In the 1990s, a few canals were filled and additional culverts were constructed under US 41 to help regulate water flow.

Both the Rochdale and Hollinwood Canals discharged overflows into the streams, so pollution from the canal water would also find its way into the system. The inflow to one of Moston Brook's culverts From 1990 to 2007, the brook consistently received the lowest possible grade from the Environment Agency, meaning it was very polluted and had a severely restricted ecosystem. Of all the bodies of water in the Water Framework Directive, it was considered one of the most challenging to improve. It was thus one of the most polluted bodies of water in Greater Manchester, possibly even in the whole North West of England.

In addition to flooding, a large earthquake rocked the region nearest to the China-Pakistan border in 2010, triggering massive landslides which dammed the Hunza River, and resulted in the formation of the Attabad Lake. Portions of the N-35 were submerged in the lake, forcing all vehicular traffic onto barges to traverse the new reservoir. Construction on a series of bridges and tunnels to Attabad Lake began in 2012 and required 36 months for completion. The bypass consists of two large bridges, 78 culverts and worth of tunnels that were inaugurated for public use on 14 September 2015 at a cost of $275 million.

The flood waters went nearly to the bridge on Northfield, completely over the bridge at East Hobart Gap and finally went across East Hobart Gap Road by Burnett Street, where it flooded a home. The home was torn down shortly thereafter. In the mid 1980s the brook was reconstructed of concrete and stone from the Swan Street area to East Hobart Gap Road. During Hurricane Floyd in 1999, the river overflowed its banks, well over three meters in some places, as the volume of water was too great to pass through the culverts under the residential bridges, flowed over them and through nearby homes as well.

The stream running alongside Wood Mill can be mapped to a source from Werneth Low. After flowing under The Peak Forest Canal at Woodley Wharf, the water flows through an area that was once a Mill Dam for Top Mill. From here it goes through a culvert under Mill Pool Close into an area that was once the Mill Dam for Middle Mill (now known as Thorn Works). It is from here that it flows under the road once again, past Botany Mill (now Wellington Works) through a number of culverts until it surfaces alongside the site of Wood Mill, under the road and into the River Tame.

The fourth and final phase, from 132nd Street to 112th Street, was completed in May 2006 and cost $21 million to construct. The two-year project included the construction of barriers, culverts, and detention ponds along the shore of Silver Lake, which also gained a pedestrian walkway with interpretive signs. In 2009, the City of Bothell adopted plans to convert the southernmost blocks of SR 527 into a mixed-use boulevard and submitted a request to transfer a section of the highway from the state control. The proposed transfer received the recommendation of the state transportation commission in July 2010 and was passed by the state legislature in April 2011.

It is not clear whether the large underground stone-pitched drain leading from Hill Street underneath Charlotte Street and the foreshore to the Endeavour River estuary, was constructed at this time also. At the same period, further watertable works and kerbing in Walker Street was carried out by day labour. In the second half of 1888 the Cooktown Municipal Council employed an engineering surveyor to draw up plans and specifications for new culverts at the intersection of Walker and Charlotte Streets, but these proved too expensive, and the work was contracted ultimately in 1889 to Cross and Duffiey for . Taylor & Brown constructed a culvert in Hill Street for in 1889.

The Wayne County Road Commission was internationally renowned for its innovation. The historic bridges of Wayne County are scattered throughout the county, with two in the far western portion, one in Dearborn, three in Detroit, and the remainder close to the Detroit River south of the city. The western bridges—the Waltz Road – Huron River Bridge and the Lilley Road-Lower Rouge River Bridge—exemplify the population and traffic expansion in that portion of Wayne County during the early part of the century, and demonstrate the benefits of standardization in bridge construction adopted by the Road Commission. Likewise, the bridges along the river and on Grosse Ile show the variety of small bridges and culverts the Commission constructed.

The Sheldrake River flows through a series of small waterfalls to Gardens Lake (also known as the Duck Pond); Gardens Lake is circular in shape and approximately wide. Downstream from Gardens Lake, the river turns northeast through an industrial section of Mamaroneck Village and carried in culverts underneath the Interstate 95, joining the Mamaroneck River just south of the interstate at Columbus Park in Mamaroneck Village business district. The East Branch of the Sheldrake River originates in Scarsdale and flows south through the Bonnie-Briar Country Club to meet the east tributary at Fenimore Road. Below Fenimore Road, the east branch flows through Rockland Avenue to meet the Sheldrake River below Valley Stream Road.

CLSM as a highway construction material is becoming more widespread throughout the United States. Data received from questionnaires sent by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) in 1991 and the Transportation Research Board (TRB) in 1992 indicated that approximately 30 states had some experience with the use of flowable fill, and at least 24 states have a specification for flowable fill. Most state transportation agencies have used flowable fill mainly as a trench backfill for storm drainage and utility lines on street and highway projects. Flowable fill has also been used to backfill abutments and retaining walls, fill abandoned pipelines and utility vaults, cavities, and settled areas, and help to convert abandoned bridges into culverts.

A branch line to the Einasleigh copper mine forked off to the north of the station, and today the remaining section off this line leads to cattle yards. By July 1909 a train was running from Almaden to Reedy Springs (Wirra Wirra), and by the end of August 1909 cuttings and embankments had been made to within of Charleston, with stone culverts and drains complete to from Charleston. More earthworks were required on the Newcastle Range and Delaney Gorge sections than elsewhere on the line. Ore trains were running to Chillagoe from a terminus just short of Charleston by January 1910, and the terminus at from Almaden was renamed "Forsayth" in December 1910.

Salmon and trout easily cross beaver dams and scientific evidence shows that fish size and fish populations are larger when beaver are present. A keystone species, beavers create habitat for numerous other species, as exemplified by ponds created in Alhambra Creek in Martinez, California, by a new beaver colony in 2007 which colony, in turn, led to the return of numerous birds, steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), river otter (Lontra canadensis) in 2008, and mink (Neovison vison) in 2009. The most common beaver-related flooding issues that people encounter are caused by blocked road culverts or freestanding beaver dams. Beaver-related flooding issues can usually be resolved with properly designed and installed water control devices, also known as flow devices.

Combining a small culvert Fence with a Pond Leveler Pipe is another effective method to protect culverts from beaver damming. The culvert fence is made small enough to encourage the beavers to dam on it, but the resulting pond is prevented from rising to a dangerous level by a Pond Leveler Pipe installed through the culvert fence. The Fence and Pipe flow device needs very little maintenance and limits where and how high the beavers can dam; however, to be most effective, the intake end of the pipe should usually sit in at least 3 feet of water. When this water depth is not possible, a simple Culvert Protective Fence may be the best option.

The company, formally known as Bristol Waterworks Company, was formed on 16 July 1846 by an Act of Parliament. The first general meeting was held in the White Lion Hotel on Broad Street, when members of the first committee included William Budd, a physician who helped control cholera outbreaks in Bristol, and Francis Fry of the Fry family, better known for producing chocolate. The 1846 Act authorised the construction of Simpson's "Line of Works", an aqueduct designed to carry water from Chewton and Litton to Barrow Gurney. A network of open-jointed drains and culverts were constructed at Chewton and Litton, to collect water from springs, which were located at a level some above that of Bristol Harbour.

Maggie and Susie Creeks, which enter the Humboldt River near Carlin, have benefited from 20 years of work by ranchers, agencies, mines, and non-profit groups via improvements in grazing techniques and specific projects. These projects, which include installation of fish passable culverts, have led to the return of migrating Lahontan cutthroat trout (LCT, Onchorhynchus clarkii henshawi). The most important change was application of prescriptive livestock grazing practices to limit hot season grazing. Prior to 1993, cattle were present on most riparian areas throughout the growing season. Maggie Creek was assumed historically to support an interconnected “metapopulation” of LCT where fish accessed tributary and mainstem habitats needed for growth, gene exchange, spawning migrations, and refuge from stressful conditions.

It is one of the earliest examples in NSW of the large-scale application of precast reinforced concrete construction. The Lower Canal contains a wide range of individual features including an infilled open canal, an aqueduct, an inverted syphon, reservoirs, bridges, sedimentation chambers, pre-cast reinforced concrete panels; culverts, flumes, scour valves and other elements which individually and collectively demonstrate the technologies and engineering approaches in use in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in NSW. All infrastructure associated with the Lower Canal has been identified and assessed in the Heritage Study of the Upper Canal, Prospect Reservoir & Lower Canal (Upper Nepean Scheme) 1992. This study found a majority of components were of potential state significance.

Working conditions were hard and isolated. Initially, all workers were located in one large camp near the base of the range, No. 1 Camp, where a pipeworks was erected on Ollera Creek. There were four major campsites throughout the duration of the project, but it is difficult to determine the total number of camps accurately because, as work progressed, smaller satellite campsites were established near where significant work, such as the construction of concrete arch culverts, was being undertaken. Mango and lemon trees and passionfruit vines previously marked the locations of these campsites, but these have mostly been removed, so that it is now difficult to determine where the campsites were situated on the ground.

The Gators practicing under the lights before Florida Field's first night game in 1950 Construction began on April 16, 1930 and immediately faced serious engineering and geotechnical obstacles related to natural groundwater and drainage. The stadium was built in a shallow ravine, with the lower 32 rows of the east, west, and north stands below the level of the surrounding land. When excavation reached the water table, water began to pour into the construction site from the north end, miring men, mules, and mule-drawn equipment in the resulting mud. The drainage challenge was ultimately resolved by the installation of massive underground culverts leading to Graham Pond, two blocks south of the stadium site.

By the mid-1930s, project facilities began to show a significant amount of wear and tear. Wooden structures were beginning to fail, culverts washed out, tunnels were showing wear and the attractive canal banks and roads were beginning to show signs of deterioration. The U.S. Government and taxpayers again came to the rescue in 1935, when the Civilian Conservation Corps established camps on project lands and began to repair and rehabilitate the features of the Government Highline Canal. This magnificent irrigation project, funded by public monies, made the area's famous agricultural industries, like fruit and wine, possible, and made it possible for private farmland owners to make a living off of their land for many generations.

The village core was given a makeover in the 1980s when a new village square was laid out. Eventually, in the years 1994–1997, a village community centre was built right on this square. Leading out of both the former and current village core is the street “Im Läppchen”, the part of which on the Talbach's right bank is known even today as the Judengasse (“Jews’ Lane”), a reference to the once important Jewish sector of the population in Eßweiler. Since the 1950s, the bridges leading across the brooks have been turned into culverts so that the crossing between the two highways – still known locally as a “bridge” – now bears little sign of its former shape.

Red Barricades (RB) was released in 1989 and focused on the fighting for the Krasnaya Barrikady ordnance factory complex in Stalingrad. It was designed by Charlie Kibler and was revolutionary since it was the first ASL module to include a large format map and other features now considered standard in big HASL modules. Special additions for this module include rules for new terrain types including debris, railway embankments, culverts, storage tanks, single hex two-story buildings, and modified rules for gullies, factories and cellars. As well, two new weapons (the Soviet Molotov cocktail projector, also known to Combat Mission players as an ampulomet) and the German StuIG (a 150mm infantry gun on a Panzer III chassis) are introduced.

The section then followed the Barron River to Kuranda, terminating at Myola, almost past Kuranda. Nineteen tunnels had been originally planned between Horseshoe Bend and Barron Falls Station, but four (two between Stoney Creek and Tunnel 14 and two at Red Bluff) were subsequently replaced by cuttings. Sand from the bed of the Barron River was used as the base material for concrete work on the second section; all the tunnels were concrete lined, and culverts and drains were also built in concrete. The Cairns Railway's range ascent tunnels represent the largest group of tunnels in Queensland and were the 24th to 38th of the 64 tunnels opened in Queensland from 1866 to 1996.

The Mycenaean Greeks were also pioneers in the field of engineering, launching large-scale projects unmatched in Europe until the Roman period, such as fortifications, bridges, culverts, aqueducts, dams and roads suitable for wheeled traffic. They also made several architectural innovations, such as the relieving triangle. They were also responsible for transmitting a wide range of arts and crafts, especially of Minoan origin. The Mycenaean civilization was in general more advanced compared to the Late Bronze Age cultures of the rest of Europe.. Several Mycenaean attributes and achievements were borrowed or held in high regard in later periods, so it would be no exaggeration to consider Mycenaean Greece as a cradle of civilization.

After running between a cemetery and an agricultural feed store, that street end at East Church Street becoming yet another one way pair around the Montgomery County Courthouse Square, with northbound US 221/SR 56 along McEachin Street and Broad Street, and southbound US 221/SR 56 along South Railroad Avenue and Church Street. Leaving the square at Railroad Avenue, the routes remain part of downtown Mount Vernon. Only when they intersect US 280/SR 30 (Spring Street) does US 221 become North Railroad Avenue. The road leaves the city limits along an embankment and culverts over Flat Creek, and after this is named the Gary P. Braddy Highway, and briefly has a second northbound lane.

As a result of these lawsuits, TDOT chose to slightly modify the design and employ new construction methods on the remaining sections the following year. These changes included construction of bridges over streams feeding the South Harpeth River instead of culverts, multiple wildlife underpasses, and designation of the remaining sections as a scenic highway, which prohibits billboards and uses brown powder-coated guardrail. They also formed a citizen's resource team, made up of nine local residents who worked with TDOT to select the final designs and alignment of these stretches. On February 9, 2006, TDOT announced that the realignment of the final segment of I-840 had been chosen and that work on the unfinished sections would proceed.

The Rochdale Canal Society worked hard both to protect the line of the canal and to begin the process of refurbishing it. A new organisational structure was created in 1984, with the formation of the Rochdale Canal Trust Ltd, who leased the canal from the owning company. A proposed extension to the M66 motorway created a new threat to the canal in 1985, but Greater Manchester Council began to look at ways to remove blockages in the following year, particularly the M62 embankment which blocked the route at Failsworth. Calderdale Council managed a £1 million scheme to remove three culverts and restore two locks later that year, with some funding coming from the European Economic Commission.

Due to the very high groundwater fluctuations and despite the lack of space, a sealed ground water lake with a high water table was built. The lakes water- impermeable layers (tertiary) are sealed around and create a dense run off trough. To avoid groundwater damming, three basic water transfers (culverts) were built allow water to transfer from south to north, and in addition to the run off area, the groundwater is pumped out of the ground in the other surrounding areas and flows into the lake. Through an overflow area at the western end of the lake, the access water is purified in the infiltration basin and fed into the ground water.

The creek begins in rural sloughs just south and east of Anthony Henday Drive (just south of its junction with Highway 14 and to the south-east of the Meadows community), and flows northward to an outfall near 92 Avenue between the neighborhoods of Strathcona and Bonnie Doon. Large segments of the creek were diverted into culverts during the 1960s and 1970s including a section that runs underneath the Davies/Coronet Industrial areas in the city's south-east. The lower reaches of the creek were diverted to a tunnel and concrete outfall structure north of 88th Avenue. The outfall emerges on the east bank of the North Saskatchewan River several meters above the river at approximately 95 Avenue.

The Caxangá Avenue began construction in 1833, and the French engineer Louis Léger Vauthier, in 1843, in a report, enumerated the advantages of roads in Recife. In 1845 the Caxangá suspension bridge (the first of its kind in Brazil) was completed, which opened the way to the interior of Pernambuco. Formerly known as Estrada do Paudalho, it was also called Estrada de Ambolê . However, it was at the Estado Novo time, in the administration of mayor Novaes Filho, that Caxangá Avenue was paved with cobblestones grouted with cement on concrete, expanded through landfills and protected works (structures such as culverts, bridges, retaining walls necessary for the construction of roads), and was inaugurated on May 25, 1940.

In the latter half of the 19th century, a road bridge and a railroad trestle both spanned Strawberry Creek in the downtown section at what is now the intersection of Shattuck Avenue and Allston Way. These were torn down and replaced by culverts in April–May 1893. In the process, a small grove of large and ancient oaks in the same locale was cut down. The creek has been culverted over the years in several other locations, notably in public-works projects during the Great Depression of the 1930s, but has remained open through most of the UC campus, except in the central glade where the two small middle forks were long ago filled in.

Bridges were to be built of iron with brick and stone culverts. It was only later that Queensland became a leader in wooden bridge design, with the emergence of elaborate timber designs and later more economical timber structures. Construction of the railway was contracted to Peto, Brassey & Betts, a firm with considerable railway construction experience worldwide. A fixed sum contract was negotiated for the construction of the first line between Ipswich and Bigges Camp (today's Grandchester), with a follow on contract for four other sections of line between Bigges Camp and Toowoomba. Lady Diamantina Bowen, wife of the first Governor of Queensland, turned the first sod of earth for the first section of railway on 25 February 1864.

Below Crystal Springs Dam, lower San Mateo Creek receives limited flows from Lower Crystal Springs Reservoir and descends to the Bay. In 1924, culverts were built through Upper Crystal Springs Dam to hydraulically link Upper and Lower Crystal Springs Reservoirs. Part of the water in the reservoirs comes from local precipitation and the rest is piped in from the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park, as well as the Pilarcitos Creek watershed and Alameda Creek watershed. The entire reservoir was built and owned by a private company, in the form of the Spring Valley Water Company, and eventually was deeded under the ownership and protection of the city of San Francisco.

The Eller Beck is a small river in North Yorkshire, England, that flows through the town of Skipton and is a tributary of the River Aire. Its channel was heavily modified to supply water to mills in the 18th and 19th centuries, and although all the mills have closed, the water now supplies power to the National Grid, generated by a turbine at High Corn Mill. The beck flows through several underground culverts in Skipton that contribute to the flood risk. To alleviate flooding in Skipton town centre, a scheme involving two flood water storage reservoirs has been designed, but the start of the work to implement it was delayed in October 2014 by a shortfall in funding.

Skipton suffered from flooding in 1908, 1979, 1982, 2000, 2004 and 2007. High volumes of water enter the town from Eller Beck from the north and Waller Hill Beck from the east. Both are culverted in the town, and Eller Beck is prone to carrying woody debris from Skipton Woods into the culverts, causing blockages. A Skipton Flood Alleviation Scheme was developed by the Environment Agency, which would cost an estimated £9.7 million to implement. The three component parts are a flood storage reservoir on Eller Beck, to the north of the A65 road, a similar structure on the Waller Hill Beck, and the construction of flood walls at strategic points in the town.

Despite extensive searches, only limited archival records concerning the activities at Mungana survive. The archaeological record of Mungana has the potential to answer a range of important research questions about Queensland's history through its material remains, especially potential for providing a rare opportunity to examine a complete community for its entire duration. All aspects of the town and mining operation survive in some form. Identifiable areas of archaeological interest include the mining infrastructure foundations and ruins, boilers, railway and tramlines, culverts, bottle dumps, domestic remains, a lime kiln, explosives stores, blasted access roads, a cemetery, a school, wells, a hospital site (including associated artefacts), cattle yards and public venues such as hotels.

A law passed later that year prohibited most logging in or near the watershed, and since then the Portland Water Bureau and the United States Forest Service have closed many of the logging roads and removed culverts and other infrastructure contributing to erosion. Mature trees, most of them more than 500 years old and more than 21 inches (53 cm) in diameter, cover about half of the watershed, and the rest of the watershed is also heavily forested. Annual precipitation ranges from 80 inches (2,000 mm) near the water supply intake to as much as 170 inches (4,300 mm) near the headwaters. More than 250 wildlife species, including the protected northern spotted owl, inhabit this forest.

Mr Teoh Tiang Chye has shared some of his wealth to benefit the welfare of the Malacca communities. A plaque in his nameSide view of the ShadeStill in good condition even though built in 1926 In March 1926, he presented Bukit Jelutong Chinese Cemetery, Malacca with a brick built shade - 54 feet long; 20 feet wide, with cement concrete flooring and tiled roofing - for public use, at the crematorium. Before this, family members have to wait under the sweltering heat of the sun, while waiting for the completion of a cremation. In December 1927 he reconstructed 3 miles of road and 10 culverts at the Bukit Jelutong cemetery for the convenience of the public.

Salt, coal, pork products, wool and lumber were shipped out, and furniture and iron products were brought into Athens and Hocking counties via the canal. It had 26 locks, 7 culverts, and an aqueduct crossing Monday Creek south of Nelsonville. Operation of the canal never proved profitable, least of all the 15-mile stretch between Nelsonville and Athens, where a number of salt works were located. Their owners, frustrated by the slow pace of the canal boats (4 miles per hour) and the unavailability of the canal in the winter when it often froze, began construction of the Columbus and Hocking Valley Railroad, which by 1857 competed with the canal for cargo.

The Midland Beach (New Creek) Bluebelt, part of the larger Staten Island Bluebelt,Seminar for US EPA Urban Watershed Management Branch Edison, NJ, Staten Island Bluebelt is now being constructed by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection throughout the northern edge of the neighborhood, where most of the bungalows stand. This comprehensive watershed wetlands will alleviate much of the flooding that occurs in this low-lying area. The land will be protected for passive residential use and absorb storm water runoff. Stone bridges, culverts, viaducts, walls and tree plantings will beautify the neighborhood and eventually eliminate the blight that has plagued the northern edge of Midland Beach since the 1960s.

Archaeologist David E Johnston states that the structure is crossed by numerous perpendicular drainage culverts with small becks trickling through them since the ground is often boggy. This could suggest a reason for the embankment, and its early attribution as a causeway—a route across wetland, normally supported on earth or stone in the form of a raised embankment. Nineteenth-century antiquarian Thomas Codrington argued that Roman roads in Britain were generally built on embankments regardless of the underlying ground's drainage. He states that the common appellation of "causeway" in the names of Roman roads may, therefore, relate to their embankments rather than indicate that the ground on which they were constructed was ill-drained.

1955 one inch to one mile map (Source- Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) and licensed by LINZ for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence) Te Kawa railway station was a station on the North Island Main Trunk in New Zealand, located at Te Kawa. The railway crossed (or 8,000) Te Kawa Swamp to the north of the station on a embankment. Culverts were included to maintain the effectiveness of eel weirs in the swamp and provide for the flow of water. A post office was open by 1909 and a drainage board set up, which was extended in 1915, by which time the station was handling traffic for Waikeria Prison.

A sketch map of some lost rivers "London Before Houses", Image taken from: Title: "A History of London ... With maps and illustrations ... Second edition, revised and enlarged" Author: LOFTIE, William John; 1884, London, Edward Stanford (publisher); type: monographic Effra is one of the subterranean rivers of London. It discharges into the Thames by Vauxhall Bridge, from which this photograph was taken. The subterranean or underground rivers of London are the tributaries of the River Thames and River Lea that were built over during the growth of the metropolis of London. The rivers now flow through underground culverts,Nicholas Barton, The Lost Rivers of London, Historical Publications, with a number of them now integral parts of London's sewerage system.

The historical buildings and structures of Zion National Park represent a variety of buildings, interpretive structures, signs and infrastructure associated with the National Park Service's operations in Zion National Park, Utah. Structures vary in size and scale from the Zion Lodge to road culverts and curbs, nearly all of which were designed using native materials and regional construction techniques in an adapted version of the National Park Service Rustic style. A number of the larger structures were designed by Gilbert Stanley Underwood, while many of the smaller structures were designed or coordinated with the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs. The bulk of the historic structures date to the 1920s and 1930s.

On October 16, 2005, the 19th Engineer Battalion was reactivated at Fort Knox, KY, as the Army's first modular Engineer Battalion, allowing each company to deploy individually in support of US operations. In August 2006, the Headquarters and Headquarters Company, Forward Support Company, 15th Engineer Company, and 72d Survey and Design Detachment deployed to Iraq, followed in October by the 60th Engineer Company. The battalion was assigned the mission of assured mobility, partnering with Iraqi Army Engineer Units to provide General Engineering (GE) support within Task Force Lightning's (25th Infantry Division) Area of Operations (AO). It repaired 2664 road craters and 40 destroyed culverts throughout its 15-month deployment, returning to Fort Knox in November 2007.

Anzac Memorial Avenue featured the use of trachyte, a fine grained igneous volcanic rock sourced from the Beerburrum quarry. Work included constructing culverts to cross over Hays Inlet and Saltwater Creek, and associated earthworks to provide a stable base for the roadway in the often low-lying areas that the route passed through. In early 1923, Pine Rivers Shire Council and Redcliffe Town Council were granted control of the road's construction in their respective areas. Main Roads maintained responsibility for dressing the top surface with tar and bitumen, this process occurring through 1924 and 1925. Anzac Memorial Avenue was officially opened for traffic on 5 December 1925 by the acting Premier William Forgan Smith.

Workers then built and prepared the roadbed, dug or blasted through hills, filled in washes, built trestles, bridges or culverts across streams or valleys, made tunnels if needed, and laid the ties. The actual track-laying gang would then lay rails on the previously laid ties positioned on the roadbed, drive the spikes, and bolt the fishplate bars to each rail. At the same time, another gang would distribute telegraph poles and wire along the grade, while the cooks prepared dinner and the clerks busied themselves with accounts, records, using the telegraph line to relay requests for more materials and supplies or communicate with supervisors. Usually the workers lived in camps built near their work site.

Its construction and political origins were highly controversial and surrounded by corruption issues with 26 indicted individuals, no design or environmental plans were made at all, not even a topographic survey, several of the bridges used old containers instead of proper concrete culverts, and tree trunks as bridges. The road has not been finished, but an inaugural act on the segment between Fátima and Delta Costa Rica took place on February 17, 2012. Due to the fiscal crisis of the latter half of the 2010s in Costa Rica, it is currently abandoned as of April 2019 and there are no active plans to continue its construction, meanwhile the government tries to allocate the required funds.

The Rivington Pike scheme gathered water from of moorland, in an area which supplied the River Ribble and the River Douglas. Hawksley planned to build five dams to impound his reservoirs, each with a central clay core and an earth embankment, with a slope of 3 to 1 on the upstream side and 2 to 1 on the downstream side. The upstream faces were protected by stone pitching, to prevent wave action eroding the dam, with supply shafts and a shaft to allow the release of compensation water constructed of blue brick upstream of the clay core, but within the structure of the dam. These linked to horizontal culverts, which passed beneath the dam.

The whole route passes through a territory bounded by permafrost, therefore, the laying of the roadbed is done without disrupting the integrity of the moss-vegetation layer of the tundra, which is a good heat insulator that does not allow defrosting of the upper layer of permafrost, which can lead to the destruction of the road. In the marshy areas, geotextiles and geogrids are also used; the slopes of the embankment and the culverts are strengthened by multicellular mattresses. Aggregate for the roadbed is mined in roadside quarries, while in some places drilling and blasting are necessary. Engineering materials are imported during the period of summer navigation from the central regions of the country.

Meanwhile, the lack of natural drainage points within Van Cortlandt Park leads to the flooding of recreational areas within the park. The New York City Parks Department plans to daylight the brook as part of their "Van Cortlandt Park Master Plan: 2030". The plan also proposes further dredging the lake and stream within the park, and rerouting the stream away from the highways and pedestrian paths to minimize the use of culverts, as well as restoring the natural wetlands created by the brook. The primary route proposed for bringing the brook above ground is the former Putnam Railroad right-of-way, which is currently owned by CSX Transportation but is largely abandoned between the park and the Harlem River.

In deserts, flash floods can be particularly deadly for several reasons. First, storms in arid regions are infrequent, but they can deliver an enormous amount of water in a very short time. Second, these rains often fall on poorly absorbent and often clay-like soil, which greatly increases the amount of runoff that rivers and other water channels have to handle. These regions tend not to have the infrastructure that wetter regions have to divert water from structures and roads, such as storm drains, culverts, and retention basins, either because of sparse population or poverty, or because residents believe the risk of flash floods is not high enough to justify the expense.

Despite reassurances a battle was not looming, the Canadians called an emergency meeting with the ANA on June 16, 2008,Smith, Graeme. The Globe and Mail, Canada plans counterattack as Taliban seize villages, June 17, 2008 and the following day coalition forces flew 700 ANA troops from Kabul into the region on June 17, 2008, as hundreds of civilians fled the area, and Canadian Forces reported a small gunbattle with insurgents on the outskirts of the city.CTV News, Kandahar 'under control': Canadian commander , June 17, 2008Hemming, Jon. International Herald Tribune, Hundreds flee as battle looms in Afghan south, June 17, 2008 Afghan insurgents destroyed culverts and bridges around Kandahar, while planting minefields in an attempt to limit Coalition mobility.

It splits into two channels, one labelled Old Mill Stream, with three weirs on it, and the other labelled Wish Stream, with a weir at the upper end. As the channels leave the grounds of the Academy, they enter culverts which have allowed a superstore to be built over them, and emerge on the other side as a single stream. This then passes under the roundabout where the A30, A321 and A331 road meet, but construction of the roundabout in 1990 as part of the Blackwater Valley road scheme meant that the stream had to be diverted to the north, and the section through the roundabout no longer follows the county boundaries. As it enters the Blackwater, it is at above ordnance datum.

The outflow from the Lower Lake is a large stepped weir structure, with the water then running through a shallow concrete culvert, both of which are impassable to fish. The high weirs below the lake slow the passage of water, causing silt to smother the bed of the stream. The culverts below the retail park and the roundabout were not thought to be an obstale to fish, as they normally contain a good depth of water. Recommendations to improve the stream as habitat for wild trout included alteration to the concrete pipe on the upper reaches, alteration to the margins of the pools between the two lakes, possibly including floating islands, and alteration of the weirs and overflow structure of the Lower Lake.

The line tends to follow the lie of the land, with small cuttings and embankments, although there are larger earth embankments and cuttings on the Newcastle Range section of the line, between Einasleigh and Forsayth. The formation of the line between Almaden and Mount Surprise (not included within the heritage boundary) does not follow its original gradient, due to its reconditioning between 1949 and 1951. The surviving railway buildings, rails, sidings, turning forks, cattle yards, loading banks, stone pitched bridges and culverts, stone cuttings, sandboxes (for refilling the sand-dispensing units in front of train wheels), water tank, signage, and signals and points infrastructure at the Mount Surprise, Einasleigh and Forsayth railway stations and along the Etheridge Railway between Mount Surprise and Forsayth are significant.

About 81.12 per cent of physical work has been completed so far and 64.58 km of road has been black-topped, formation cutting of 85.41 km, out of 87.18-km-long road, has also been completed. Of the eight bridges, seven are under construction and 335 out of 428 culverts have also been already completed. On the Indian side, work is on to extend the Aizawl-Saiha National Highway by 90 km to the international border at Zorinpui. Also, a R6,000-crore project is underway for four-laning the 300-km highway from Myanmar border to Aizawl to ensure the faster movement of goods between Sittwe and Mizo capital of Aizawl in the North West which is close to the Barak Valley of Assam.

Some of the many footpaths crossing the park form part of The Green Chain Walk Green Chain description and Capital Ring. The Quaggy River flows northward through Chinbrook Meadows. In the 1960s the river within the park was channelized into a long straight concrete culverts to alleviate flooding and was closed off behind tall hedges and iron fences, this cut the park in two with the larger part to the east of the river. In the early 2000s however the concrete channel with its fences and hedges was demolished and river was remodeled to give a natural, meandering appearance with a small flood plain; this was to encourage wild plants and animals back to the area and to be more pleasant and attractive for the public.

The place is one of Queensland's earliest declared Tourist Roads, a new category of Main Road established under 1929-1930 amendments to the Main Roads Act 1920, and constructed under the auspices of the newly formed Main Roads Commission, whose responsibility was to guide the planning and construction of roads in Queensland. The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage. Mount Spec Road remains substantially intact throughout the of its length and demonstrates an extensive and now uncommon use of concrete arch culverts, dry stone walling and stone-paved gutters. The Little Crystal Creek Bridge on Mount Spec Road is the only identified Main Roads concrete arch bridge dressed with stone remaining in service in Queensland.

From Helidon the line climbs in up the Main Range to the summit at Harlaxton [ above sea level (asl)] at an average grade of 1 in 70. However, as the maximum grade is 1 in 50 uncompensated with radius curves, the ruling equivalent grade is 1 in 41, and the maximum speed on the entire section is . This section was opened on 30 April 1867. As built the section contained 157 cuttings (up to long and deep), 128 embankments (up to long and high), 47 bridges (total length , up to long and high), 175 culverts, 9 tunnels (total length ), 49 curves of radius and a further 77 curves between and radius, with a total length of , or 68% of the section.

Campbell is bordered on the east and north by San Jose, on the south by Los Gatos, and on the west by a small portion of Saratoga. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . of it is land and of it is water. Of the total area, 1.49% is water, consisting of percolation ponds in Los Gatos Creek Park and in other locations; San Tomas Aquino Creek, which flows north on the west side of the city, is completely enclosed with fences and runs through concrete culverts; and Los Gatos Creek, which flows north-north-east on the east side of the city and has paths along both banks for hikers and joggers (locally called the "Perc Ponds").

Without nearby bare soil, or natural drainage channels, swales or culverts, hardscape with an impervious surface requires artificial methods of drainage or surface runoff to carry off the water that would normally be absorbed into the ground as groundwater and prevent premature wear to itself. Lack of capacity, or poorly planned or executed drainage or grading of the surface can cause problems after severe storms or heavy extended periods of rain fall, such as flooding, washout, mud flows, sink holes, accelerated erosion, wet rot to wood elements, drowning of plants trees and shrubs, and even foundation problems to an adjacent home such as cracking the foundation, basement flooding due to water infiltration, and pest infiltration, such as ants and other insects entering through damaged areas.

In 2015 Caltrans in the San Luis Obispo area decided to build a new roadway in Prunedale California next to a wetland area where Beaver, Western pond turtles and endangered Red-legged frog lived. The culverts near the newly built road fell victim to damming by the beavers and eventually started to flood causing transportation issues. Instead of Caltrans removing the beavers from the road area, they decided to team up with OAEC WATER Institute to help educate policy makers of San Luis Obispo and come up with a solution that will benefit both parties. The solution they came up with was a flow control device that helped keep the water level low, kept the dam from growing larger and did not affect the surrounding habitat.

It is probable that the bridge was constructed during this period, because Dalrymple reported in a letter of 22 February 1865 that work on the road would be completed by the end of March, including the felling of timber, removal of obstructions, and crossings of creeks made, including the construction of " substantial culverts" where necessary. The Dalrymple Gap Track had its heaviest use in the period 1864-1872. In the late 1860s and early 1870s pastoralists and sugar-growers took up the Herbert River valley, and by early 1871 nearly 100 people were resident on the Herbert. A bridle track was found from the Herbert to Cardwell via Cardwell Gap (then Victoria Pass), which subsequently was formed into a dray road.

Since maintaining connectivity of paddy fields and perennial water bodies is likewise important, cross- drainage culverts need to be passable to fish and the harvesting at these concentration points should be restricted. The creation of a reservoir would improve access to and convenience of fishing for those within reach, particularly in the dry season, and it would increase opportunities for specialisation in fishing. New income opportunities in irrigated agriculture are likely to reduce the overall level of fishing effort and increase returns, with the greatest benefits to the households most reliant on fishing. In Sri Lanka, an ex-post evaluation of reservoir construction and the expansion of irrigated command areas revealed a complex picture of both positive and negative impacts at different points in the watershed.

In 1995, motorway development again threatened the route, when plans for the proposed widening of the M6 motorway made no provision for the canal where the two crossed. The Trust had produced several papers which had been submitted to the planning enquiry for the road. The Trust continued to negotiate with the agencies involved in the construction of the M6 Toll motorway, even though the cost of providing navigable culverts was likely to be between £2M and £3M, but when agreement was finally reached, the Trust raised £150,000 to pay for a culvert under the A5/A34 roundabout, and the main culvert under the motorway was funded by the government. The canal is now part of an active restoration project.

In New Zealand, roads are generally marked with both Botts' dots and cat's eyes (typically there is one cat's eye followed by three Botts' dots places in every ten-metre stretch of highway). The colour pattern on New Zealand roads is white or yellow cat's eyes along the centre of the road (yellow indicating overtaking is not permitted) and red dots along the hard shoulder or left edge of a motorway. Single blue cat's eyes are used to indicate the location of fire hydrants, and green cat's eyes are used to mark the edge of culverts. In rural settings and along State Highways, these markings are augmented by retroreflective posts along the edge of the road (white reflectors on the left, yellow reflectors on the right).

St Peter's Bridge crosses the River Trent between Burton and Stapenhill, carrying the A5189 road. It was built between 1983 and 1985 to alleviate traffic flows on the Burton Bridge, to the north, is crossed by around 24,000 vehicles a day. The owner, Staffordshire County Council, originally considered it to comprise five separate structures: the western appoarch embankment with flood relief culverts; the western section of bridge ("Pumphouse Viaduct") over the Washlands, a flood plain; the main span across the river; the portion on the eastern bank ("Stapenhill Underpass") and a footbridge ("St Peter's Footbridge") which crosses over the structure on the Stapenhill side. Since April 2009 the main bridge has been assessed as a single structure, with the footbridge and approach as ancillary structures.

The 1912 Mississippi River Flood had a major impact on the Greenlaw neighborhood. It was at the epicenter of the flooding as indicated by four feet deep floodwaters at North Second Street and Mill Street Friends for our Riverfront, 2014 ; 1,200 people fled as floods damaged over 714 homes and 25 manufacturing plants. Gayoso Pumping station was built by the city in 1912 to prevent a recurrence but in 1913 the levee collapsed displacing over 1,000 families and covering twenty city block with water Williams, 2008 . The Flood Control Act of 1917 proposed more additional levee construction but changes were no enacted until the 1930s as New Deal Construction projects to include permanent concrete box culverts, chamber, and pump stations Williams, 2008 .

The East Siberian Railway consists of several sections, one of which is the Circum-Baikal Railway – a monument to industrial architecture of federal importance. It stretches for over from the Baikal railway station to the Kultuka railway station. The uniqueness of this wonder of engineering is that no other railway in the world has as many man-made objects, namely 40 tunnels, 16 avalanche galleries, 470 overpasses, bridges, and pipe culverts, some 280 protecting walls, let alone various buildings at different railway stations. The Circum-Baikal Railway is also known as the "golden buckle of the steel belt" (the Trans-Siberian Railway being the "steel belt") because the construction of the greatest Russian railway was finished on the shores of Lake Baikal.

The creek begins at the outlet of a storm channel near the intersection of Crown Valley Parkway and Greenfield Drive, and flows in a southwesterly direction parallel to Crown Valley Parkway.Aliso Creek Watershed Management Plan, Chapter 3 - section Sulphur Creek Ecosystem Restoration The upper section of the creek is a narrow corridor of restored wetland, with the exception of concrete culverts under Moulton Parkway, Nueva Vista Drive and La Paz Road. Below La Paz Road the creek flows in a concrete channel about wide, although the banks remain in a natural state. The creek makes a sharp turn to the north at Crown Valley Park, where it receives two small tributaries from the left, the Niguel Storm Drain and a smaller unnamed stream.

The establishment of the RCMB despite previous plans for the road became a barrier to the Poinciana Parkway's construction. There was concern of setting a precedent of allowing development in conservation areas that are supposed to be protected from development. In order to preserve the wetland habitat, officials wanted a bridge over the wetland habitat, while Avatar contended that bridging the wetland would be too expensive and proposed short bridges or culverts for water and animals to pass. In 2008, the Army Corps of Engineers determined that the road could only be built if it included two bridges, adding $20–40 million to the project's cost or remove the land north of the wetlands from the bank, compensating the bank's owners.

Their work allayed concerns about the new route: although the new route had more tunnelling, excavation and sharp curves, the total cost of the "Bottle Forest" route was estimated at £130,175 less than the original Port Hacking route. The Minister for Works eventually agreed on this new route, although construction was again briefly halted when the contractors refused to recommence work on the disputed section. With new contractors hired, the line was completed to in 1884, in 1885, in 1886 and Clifton through to and North Kiama () in 1887. The missing Waterfall to Clifton section comprised four large brick-arch culverts (and many small ones) and eight tunnels with a total length of over 4 km, delaying its opening until 1888.

From June 2009 to December 2010, the City of Mukilteo teamed up with the Confluence Environmental Company (CEC) to deal with the issue of upstream fish passage in Japanese Gulch. A stream and watershed assessment were conducted in order to understand the barriers impeding upstream fish passage so that a plan could be created. They built fish ladders at multiple passage barrier locations that allowed for fish such as Coho salmon to be more easily able to travel upstream through raised culverts, and were able to do so at a fraction of the projected cost. The team also identified a historical channel which they were able to redirect back into its original channel, in effect doubling the length of the channel and creating more habitat for fish.

The astronomical work of Governor Brisbane at the site can still be seen in the remains of the observatory and the marker trees, and represents the commencement of Australian scientific endeavour and the start of a process during which Australia developed a world renowned reputation for scientific research and discovery. The road ways and their layouts reflect the natural topography of the area including the River Road which follows the course of the Parramatta River and their alignments have remained substantially unchanged since the 1880s. The roads are likely to have beneath them substantial remains of older road surfaces, culverts and retaining walls. The roadways within the Park also have a park-land ambience which separate them from the busy roads surrounding the Park.

In the 1960s the River Quaggy within Chinbrook Meadows, Sutcliffe Park, and other parks was channelized into long straight concrete culverts to alleviate flooding. In Chinbrook Meadows the channelized river was closed off behind tall hedges and iron fences; this cut the park in two with the larger part to the east of the river. In the early part of the current century the concrete channel with its fences and hedges was demolished and river was remodelled to give a natural, meandering appearance with a small flood plain; this was to encourage wild plants and animals back to the area and to be more pleasant and attractive for the public. There are several wooden foot bridges over the river replacing the concrete ones and their iron fences.

A second group, of 119 men, worked from Newcastle in two road parties, one between Newcastle and Wallis Plains (Maitland) and the other between Wallis Plains and Wollombi.Cunneen's Bridge Conservation Assessment By Bill Jordan and Associates Pty Ltd (1.75MB pdf file) Road construction commenced in 1826 and was completed in 1831. Remnants such as stone culverts, bridges and retaining walls remain, particularly in the area between Wisemans Ferry and Wollombi, and are catalogued and cared for by The Convict Trail Project. During the years before the GNR was commenced, only a few large land grants () were allocated along Cockfighter's Creek or the lower Wollombi Brook, to John Blaxland and - Rodd at Fordwich, Heneage Finch at Laguna and Thomas Crawford at Congewai.

A quarter of that was used to fill a ravine the road crosses; the rest will be used as needed on the airport property. Southern terminus as of 2007. Old route on left; current route being constructed on right The project's design took into account several considerations for rare or endangered species native to the area, which earned it an Exemplary Ecosystem Initiative award from the Federal Highway Administration. These included the construction of 12 vernal pools adjacent to the road to provide habitat for the Blue-spotted Salamander and Jefferson Salamander and box culverts to allow them to safely cross under the road, avoiding tree removal during the season when Indiana bats are roosting, and siting new wetlands to avoid impacting Purple milkweed.

Route 175 – Environmental monitoring The Ministère des Transports du Québec asked Roche to carry out the engineering work required to extend Highway 73 North and redevelop Route 175, as well as to conduct environmental surveillance on projects carried out between kilometres 84 and 227. Bypass road in La Tuque - With the commitment and involvement of the stakeholders, its consulting engineers and others, the transport minister sustainably carried out this over $80 M project, which required moving 4 200 000 tons of earthmoving equipment and building over 15 km of road, 19 large culverts, 4 intersections with safe left turn lanes, divisional islands and lighting, 3 bridges, one bicycle path and the implementation of original solutions to protect the environment and bodies of water.

West stated that the Fifth Ward's physical character was not like that of Harlem in New York City or Roxbury in Boston. In 1974 Whit Canning of Texas Monthly stated that the Fifth Ward was characterized by a "project-type apartment complex", "narrow streets" and "small stores". West wrote that the Fifth Ward had its environment "out in the open, on the street" and that it had "more barbershops, pawnshops, churches, loose dogs, abandoned buildings, bars, broken windows" while there were "fewer sidewalks, streetlights, fire hydrants, culverts, curbs, parks, jewelers, museums, libraries, garbage trucks." In 1970 metal manufacturer Moncrief-Lenoir Manufacturing Company planned an urban renewal project, spending $10 million to buy of land along Lyons Avenue's western end, but nothing was built by 1979.

Stone and concrete culverts and drains were inserted in all embankments over high, and steel and masonry bridges were constructed. In an attempt to obtain more copper ore for the Chillagoe smelters, since ore reserves around Chillagoe had been overestimated, the Chillagoe Company sought to build a branch line from the Chillagoe Railway, south to the Etheridge goldfield and the Einasleigh copper mine. There had been a proposal by John Robb for a private railway to Georgetown in 1890 and in 1902 the Einasleigh Freehold Mining Company proposed a tramway from Almaden to Einasleigh, but nothing eventuated. Negotiations between the Chillagoe Company and the Queensland Government occurred from 1904, and approval was finally given to build the railway subject to the provisions of the Etheridge Railway Act 1906.

The second problem, water erosion, is caused because trails, by their nature, tend to become drainage channels and eventually gullies when the drainage is poorly controlled. Where a trail is near the top of a hill or ridge, this is usually a minor issue, but when it is farther down it can become a very major issue. In areas of heavy water flow along a trail, a ditch is often dug on the uphill side of the trail with drainage points across the trail. The cross-drainage is also accomplished by means of culverts, which are cleared on a semi-annual basis, or by means of cross-channels, often created by placing logs or timbers across the trail in a downhill direction, called "thank-you-marms", "deadmen", or waterbars.

Some concerns were raised about the parkway occupying land now used for offroad recreational cycling in the Majura Pine Plantation; however by the later stages of the planning process, two large culverts had been planned in this area which would ease access between both sides of the plantation for recreational cyclists and other users. Concerns were also raised by the Geological Society of Australia in regards to the construction works affecting a fossil site on Woolshed Creek in the vicinity of the Fairbairn Avenue southbound offramp. The Geological Society of Australia later accepted assurances from the ACT Government that the site would be protected. Preparatory roadworks on nearby roads began in 2008, with the main project beginning in September 2012 when Fulton Hogan was awarded the contract to build.

The historic drought ended with historic flooding in 2009. The 2009 Atlanta floods affected the entire area on September 21, 2009 with parts of eastern Paulding, northern Douglas, and southwestern Cobb counties getting around of rain in a week, with half of that falling in just 24 hours near the end of the period. Douglasville received the most rain in 24 hours than any other city in metro Atlanta, the city received over 16.5 inches of rain on Sept 21, 2009. (The USGS calculated it to be a greater-than-500-year flood; the National Weather Service stated that chances of that much rain anywhere in the region are 1 in 10,000 years.) Some freeways closed temporarily, and several small bridges and culverts were ruined and will take months to replace.

The colonization of the territory of Sainte-Thècle, located in the Lordship of Sainte-Anne-de-la- Pérade began by clearing lots of Rang Saint -Michel, which borders the west side of the "Lac aux chicots"and "Lake Croche". At the beginning of the settlement, a first rudimentary road links the "rang des Pointes" (row of spikes) Saint-Tite to forest land (further north) which was recently opened to settlement. Before the construction of roads and bridges over the culverts, ice roads on Lake Croche and "Lac-aux-Chicots" (lake of snags) and allow the families of settlers to move to winter Saint-Tite, the main business center of the region, or still to logging camps until Missionary Lake. In summer, the settlers used small boats or barges.

Proposed rehabilitation work included rebuilding tracks and grade crossings to enable Caltrain to raise the systemwide speed limit to and replacing bridges, culverts, and signals. The initial enhancement projects included adding third overtake tracks in Burlingame (between the stations at Millbrae and San Mateo, for northbound trains) and San Mateo (between 9th Avenue and Hillsdale, for southbound trains) to allow express trains to pass slower all-stop local trains, and adding a third turnback track in Palo Alto to allow more frequent short-line service. In 1999, PCJPB published an implementation plan for the Rapid Rail Study which called for a $280 million investment from the three counties served by Caltrain. California State Senator Jackie Speier and Caltrain leadership are credited with the idea to provide an express service for Caltrain during a brainstorming session.

San Marcos Army Air Field was a Texas World War II Army airfield. The facility was acquired in June 1942 by the War Department, and site preparation commenced, along with the construction of streets and drainage culverts. The construction cost was about five million dollars. The planned base consisted of administrative buildings, classrooms, barracks, hangars, mess halls, and various recreation facilities. The embryonic army airfield received its first commander in September 1942, when Lieutenant Colonel J. B. Olson was placed in charge of the facility until it was completed.Army Air Forces Navigation School San Marcos AAF August 1943 classbook, history section By the end of November 1942, enough of the basic construction had taken place that the U.S. flag was raised for the first time over the airfield.

The latter has an open loggia at its front with a long bath of water (channelled here in open stone culverts alongside the roads coming down from the hills) and a rail above it where locals leave their clothes to be washed or to wash themselves. A street in Fornalutx The architecture of the village is of stone and red roof tiles, with most buildings' windows also having green painted wooden shutters. The stone façades on the majority of these houses have been exposed in recent years by removing the original render to give the buildings a more rustic appearance than was originally the case. Built on different levels, many of the higher streets are pedestrianised and cobbled, with grassy paths leading off into the orchards and farms to the north.

Southcote is bordered to the south by the Holy Brook and the River Kennet; as such much of the land in the south of the area is floodplain. The proximity of Southcote to the river has led to flooding of roads and residences, particularly during the 2013–2014 United Kingdom winter floods. Flooding is exacerbated by the routes of the Holy Brook and railway line; the railway crosses the stream by bridges and culverts and in some locations the embankment acts as a bund, inhibiting the dissipation of floodwater. Similarly, a report by West Berkshire Council found that during the 2013–14 floods the single track road between the Holy Brook and the Kennet at Southcote Mill "acted as a barrier until the rising waters backing up in the flood plain fields finally breached".

Union Pacific "Big Boy" No. 4012, on display at Steamtown U.S.A., Bellows Falls, Vermont "Big Boy", a 4-8-8-4 type locomotive built by American Locomotive Company in November 1941, is among the world's largest steam locomotives and weighs . The Steamtown Special History Study recommended that it remain at Steamtown as it is the only articulated type in the collection. It also recommended that it remain on static display, as it was doubtful that the "track, switches, culverts, trestles, bridges, wyes, turntables, and other facilities that would have to carry her [could] bear her great weight". In fact, since the Steamtown turntable and roundhouse were inadequate for its size, Big Boy has remained out-of-doors since its arrival at Scranton, where it was still on display as of May 2015.

The Trent River Authority intended to remove navigation rights in their Act, but met with opposition from the Inland Waterways Association (IWA) and Retford & Worksop Boat Club, with additional support from Nottinghamshire County Council, East Retford District Council, Doncaster Rural District Council and the Labour Member of Parliament Nigel Spearing. In the face of such opposition, the clause to remove navigation rights was removed, although the Act did contain proposals for unspecified drainage works which might "interfere with or obstruct the right of navigation." They subsequently proposed building two fixed weed screens across the river, and replacing the final section of river by a pumping station with culverts into the Trent. The IWA continued to negotiate, and an agreement was reached that the weed screens would not block the entire channel.

It is a embanked channel which starts at Monks Leaze clyce below Langport, and carries excess water from the River Parrett to the King's Sedgemoor Drain, from where it flows to the estuary by gravity, rejoining the Parrett near Dunball wharf. Construction of the channel, together with improvements to the King's Sedgemoor Drain and the rebuilding of the clyce at Dunball, to create a fresh water seal which prevents salt water entering the drain from the river, cost £1.4 million, and was completed in 1972. The scheme has resulted in less flooding on Aller Moor. During 2009 and 2010 work was undertaken to upgrade sluice gates, watercourses and culverts to enable seasonal flooding of Southlake Moor during the winter diverting water from the Sowy River onto the moor.

After a day of furious fighting, during which the bastion of Spain changed hands twice, Suleiman eventually called off the attack. He sentenced Mustafa Pasha, his brother-in- law, to death for his failure to take the city, but eventually spared his life after other senior officials had pleaded with him for mercy. Mustafa's replacement, Ahmed Pasha, was an experienced siege engineer, and the Turks now focused their efforts on undermining the ramparts and blowing them up with mines while maintaining their continuous artillery barrages. The regularity of the locations where the mines were detonated under the walls (which generally rest on rock) has led to the suggestion that the Turkish miners may have taken advantage of culverts under the Hellenistic city which lies beneath the medieval city of Rhodes.

It then is well cleared as it moves through private land behind the Forest Glen Holiday Resort and commences the steady climb to Buderim. The track from here to Telco Road appears to be on public land after leaving the water tank on the track near the residence behind the Forest Glen Resort. Sections of this most dramatic section of the track include a disintegrated cattle grid between Mons and Forest Glen, and collapsed culverts. Other features of this section are deep double- and single-sided cuttings of eight or nine metres depth through solid sandstone, sharp corners, high embankments of up to perhaps twenty to thirty metres in height, (both single and double sided), with substantial stands of varied timber with palms, ginger, orchids and other plants widely spread.

Three forks begin in the Berkeley Hills in the northeastern section of Oakland (also referred to as the Oakland hills south of the Caldecott Tunnel), part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, coming together in the Temescal district of Oakland, then flowing westerly across Oakland and Emeryville to San Francisco Bay. The north fork of Temescal Creek was renamed "Harwood's Creek" in the mid 19th century after an early claimant to grazing lands in the canyon above the Claremont neighborhood, retired sea captain and Oakland wharfinger William Harwood. It was renamed yet again "Claremont Creek" in the early 20th century after a residential development in the same vicinity, today's Claremont district. The middle fork flows through Temescal Canyon, now mostly in underground culverts beneath the large freeway leading to the Caldecott Tunnel.

In 1867, residents of Rockhampton signed a petition asking the Surveyor-General to mark out a town at the nearest point on the central Queensland coast where they might be able to enjoy a day at the beach. Although Yeppoon, then known as "Bald Hills", was proclaimed as a Town Reserve, as a watering place for Rockhampton on 30 April 1868, for many years access to it was difficult, the first road with culverts being built in 1878. It suffered in its rivalry with Emu Park (declared a Town Reserve on 9 January 1869), where land was taken up by influential Rockhampton businessmen and squatters from further west who built holiday houses there. These two resort towns were among the first in Queensland and the first on the Great Barrier Reef lagoon.

Pedestrian Bridge at the north end of the park Aquatic Park is a public park in Berkeley, California, United States, located just east of the Eastshore Freeway (Interstate 80) between Ashby and University Avenues. The Works Progress Administration created the park in the 1930s simultaneously with the nearby Berkeley Yacht Harbor.Annual Reports of the City of Berkeley Recreation Department, 1933-1940 Its centerpiece is an artificial mile-long lagoon that was cut off from San Francisco Bay by the creation of a causeway for the Eastshore Highway, during the construction of the approaches to the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, also in the 1930s. The lagoon still communicates with the Bay through culverts under the freeway (one in line with Ashby Avenue, the other in line with Grayson Street).

Early written documents record the local presence of migrating salmon in the Rio Guadalupe dating as far back as the 18th century. Both steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and King salmon are extant in the Guadalupe River, making San Jose the southernmost major U. S. city with known salmon spawning runs, the other cities being Anchorage, Alaska; Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon and Sacramento, California. Runs of up to 1,000 Chinook or King Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) swam up the Guadalupe River each fall in the 1990s, but have all but vanished in the current decade apparently blocked from access to breeding grounds by impassable culverts, weirs and wide, exposed and flat concrete paved channels installed by the Santa Clara Valley Water District. In 2011 a small number of Chinook salmon were filmed spawning under the Julian Street bridge.

To accomplish this, Lancaster used curves similar to the road he had designed at Maryhill where the highway descended from Crown Point. The Multnomah Creek Bridge To carry rainwater off the road, Lancaster designed a comprehensive drainage system, including raising the center of the road, installing concrete curbs and gutters as on a city street, and taking the road over heavy flows on culverts. Eleven larger reinforced concrete bridges and several full or half viaducts were specially designed for the Multnomah County portion of the highway, taking the road over streams or along steep hillsides with a minimum of earthmoving. Masonry was used for retaining walls, which kept the highway from falling off the hillside, and guard walls, which kept drivers and pedestrians from falling off the road.

Redstone Run, a stream, joins Verbsky Creek just before Verbsky Creek crosses east of Highland Road. It travels east-southeast through a heavily forested ravine bordered by housing developments before turning south north of Hillcrest Drive. Flowing through a series of culverts, tunnels, and open ditches, it crosses Highland Road just west of Karl Drive, flows southeast for about , turns south and runs between Harris Drive and Catlin Drive for about , then runs southeast to just north of the intersection of Jefferson Lane and Monticello Place. It then travels east to Richmond Road, where its headwaters formerly began beneath what is now Richmond Town Square mall. Subwatershed 3: Lower East Branch—This area contains of the east branch stream and four tributaries in the cities of Richmond Heights and Highland Heights.

Beginning at Walverden Reservoir, which is fed by Catlow Brook (from the Coldwell Reservoirs near Boulsworth Hill) and its tributaries, the river heads northwest into the town of Nelson. It flows under Scholefield Mill, where it is presumably still met by Clough Head Beck, and continues on through Walverden Park. Shortly afterwards it enters a series of culverts as it passes through the town centre and under the East Lancashire railway line viaduct and the A56 Leeds Road bridge, emerging at Bradley Road and collecting Bradley Syke. It turns to the north and then west and is again culverted, before entering a tunnel under the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and junction 13 of the M65 motorway, emerging next to Nelson and Colne College and shortly after flowing into Pendle Water.

In 1996 a beaver family developed a taste for merlot grapevine bark in a vineyard beside the creek and were exterminated, leading to civic uproar and a shift to accommodate beaver resettlement. Sonoma Ecology Center executive director Richard Dale reports that although beavers fell trees and dam culverts, on balance they perform nearly "perfect stream restoration," because they cause the creation of deep pools, slowing the flow of flood water and enhancing fishery habitat. New beavers have recolonized Sonoma Creek and are currently located in both Sonoma and Glen Ellen. A "keystone species", the beaver have created habitat that has, in turn, led to the return of river otter ("Lontra canadensis") which have been sighted recently in the beaver pond below the Boyes Boulevard bridge in Boyes Hot Springs.

Looking upstream, at Chenies The River Chess fall is , and its length is . It is fed by groundwater held in the chalk aquifer of the Chiltern Hills and rises from three springs which surface as Vale brook, from Bury Pond, and alongside the Missenden Road near Pednor just to the north of Chesham.River Chess Association, Accessed 14 May 2014History on line - Chesham, Accessed 14 May 2014 It flows within culverts beneath the town before flowing in a southeasterly direction through Waterside. The river flows below parkland landscaped by Capability Brown at Latimer House and the site of a 1st Century Roman villa close to the village of Latimer; to the north of Chenies; through unimproved water meadows at Frogmore and the watercress beds at Sarratt Bottom to the west of Sarratt.

Few states have management plans in place for this species. The Missouri Department of Conservation, one of the few that have developed best management practices for the harlequin darter, restricts the dates when work can be done near wetlands to protect harlequin darter breeding, leaves vegetation and woody debris in water bodies, puts up sediment controls such as silt fences, avoids the use of permanent dams that restrict movement, and avoids stream crossings by using culverts or detouring routes that cross streams where the harlequin darter resides. A biological status review conducted in Florida determined many of the same management problems, including woody debris removal, damming water bodies, turbidity, and sediment loads lead to the decrease in harlequin darter numbers. This review also listed oil and coal exploration as potential threats to the success of this species.

Footbridge over the River Quaggy, in Chinbrook Meadows In the 1960s the River Quaggy within Chinbrook Meadows and other parks was channelized into long straight concrete culverts to alleviate flooding and was closed off behind tall hedges and iron fences, this cut the park in two with the larger part to the east of the river. In the early 2000s however the concrete channel with its fences and hedges was demolished and river was remodeled to give a natural, meandering appearance with a small flood plain; this was to encourage wild plants and animals back to the area and to be more pleasant and attractive for the public. There are several wooden foot bridges over the river, that replaced the concrete ones with iron fences. The regeneration was completed on 1 October 2002 and cost a reported £1.1million.

Florida The Black Dirt Region is located in southern Orange County, New York and northern Sussex County, New Jersey. It is mostly located in the western section of the Town of Warwick, centered on the hamlet of Pine Island. Some sections spill over into adjacent portions of the towns of Chester, Goshen and Wawayanda in New York and parts of Wantage and Vernon, New Jersey. Before the region was drained, around 1880 by the Polish and Volga German immigrants through drainage culverts and the construction of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, it was a densely-vegetated marsh known as the "Drowned Lands of the Wallkill" The Black Dirt Region takes its name from the dark, extremely fertile soil left over from an ancient glacial lake bottom augmented by decades of past flooding of the Wallkill River.

Poverty, lack of skills and lack of education continue to pose serious problems in Memel-Zamani. The Phumelela Municipality which provides basic municipal services in the area is greatly affected by this and thus it struggles to provide quality, basic services. Some manifestations of this are; the towns water supply frequently dries up, muddy water sometimes pumped into the towns water treatment facility and flowing out through taps in peoples houses, roads crumbling away, long grass growing in the streets, culverts being smashed by road-graders, water meters being misread, accounting errors and poor communication with the community. In 2017 / 2018 a new primary school and a new library opened in Memel / Zamani, the library being equipped with covered parking, air conditioning, toilets, a play area for young children, numerous reading rooms and an excellent computer room.

The second half of the eighteenth century was a key period in the development of Portsmouth (and indeed of the other Royal Dockyards). A substantial planned programme of expansion and modernisation was undertaken from 1761 onwards, driven (as would be future periods of expansion) by increases both in the size of individual ships and in the overall size of the fleet. In the 1760s the Lower Wet Dock (by then known as the Great Basin) was deepened, the Great Stone Dock was rebuilt and a new dry dock (known today as No 4 dock) was built alongside it over a five-year period from 1767. During 1771-76 the former Upper Wet Dock was reconfigured to serve as a reservoir into which water from the dry docks could be drained by way of culverts (enabling ships to be dry docked much more speedily).

Efforts have been made to control the major tributaries of Río de la Plata such as channelizing and building culverts into urban rivers, however, this has increased flooding as the natural meander and saturating ability of the rivers have been lost. Rapid urbanization and very large quantities of industrial discharge have also caused severe contamination of the water basins that Buenos Aires is built upon. The Matanza-Riachuelo river (MR), a tributary of the Río de la Plata (La Plata River), is a prime example and has become the most contaminated basin in Argentina. In response to water pollution and flooding challenges, the Government of Argentina (GoA) is working with the World Bank to address industrial water pollution by providing technical assistance and mentoring to the 50 worst industrial polluters which represent 95% of the total effluent.

The First River, in the state of New Jersey in the United States, is a subterranean river and the first main tributary of the Passaic River encountered while travelling upstream from its mouth at Newark Bay. Beginning at the confluence of Mill Brook and Branch BrookEssex County Department of Parks, Recreation & Cultural Affairs: Branch Brook Park (near the present Skating Center in Branch Brook Park), the First River flowed parallel to Seventh Avenue and Clay Street, discharging into the Passaic River in the vicinity of the Clay Street bridge. The First River was also known as Mill Brook, having supported several mills, including grist mills for the earliest settlers of Newark in the 17th century. From 1863 to 1890 the brook was culvertised and now flows underground through two culverts, each high by wide until discharging into the Passaic.

Movement of North and South Vietnamese forces The PAVN began their Long Khánh-Bình Tuy campaign with strong attacks against ARVN positions on the two principal lines of communication in the region, Highways 1 and 20, striking outposts, towns, bridges and culverts north and east of Xuân Lộc. On 17 March, the PAVN 209th Infantry Regiment and the 210th Artillery Regiment, 7th Division, opened what was to become the Battle of Xuân Lộc. The 209th struck first at Định Quán, north of Xuân Lộc, and at the La Nga bridge, west of Định Quán. Eight tanks supported the initial assault on Định Quán and PAVN artillery fire destroyed four 155 mm howitzers supporting the RF. Anticipating the attack, Đảo had reinforced the La Nga bridge the day before, but the intense fire forced a withdrawal from the bridge.

" If he chose not to show urban grittiness, he also chose not to show empty landscapes. Instead he depicted small-town architecture, work-a-day streets and harbors, and, as often as not, people at their ease. Early in his career a critic praised Chatterton for his "fresh vision of the world, his power to find in narrow streets with trolley cars and railway culverts something stimulating in design and warm with a sense of human living" and credited him with the "power to impose formal discipline upon the most refractory of factual motifs and give them coherent harmony of organization and relevance." Another said he possessed a strong, forthright technique and praised his sentiment of place, taking "the white houses, the tall elms and dusty streets of New England towns as the important things in a picture.

Carshalton Pond, London Borough of Sutton River Wandle at Beddington Park in the London Borough of Sutton In the pleistocene before the carving of the Mole Gap, water lapped the north of the area between the North Downs and Greensand Hills known as the Vale of Holmesdale taking the Caterham or Coulsdon Bourne routes, to form the much less deep Merstham Gap, a wind gap.Natural England - Geodiversity In more recent times, precipitation on the local central, small section of the long escarpment percolates through the chalk and reappears as springs in central Croydon, Beddington, and Carshalton. The occasional stream, known as the Bourne, which runs through the Caterham valley (and Smitham Bottom in Coulsdon) is a source of the River Wandle but only surfaces after heavy rainfall. A series of ditches and culverts carries the water from Purley to Croydon.

Much of the land around Abram Creek was marshland when white settlers arrived. The swamp was known as "Podunk" and for a time was home to a gang of counterfeiters whose coins became known as "Podunk money". The creek and Lake Abram were named after Abram Hickox, the first blacksmith of Cleveland, and uncle of Jared Hickox, the first white settler of Middleburg Township. The land, though mucky, proved fertile, and much of it was drained for farmland. Starting in 1843, onions became the primary crop of the area, so much so that Berea became known as the "Onion Capital of the Nation" To accommodate the lengthening of and increased separation between runways 5L/23R and 5R/23L, Cleveland Hopkins International Airport routed a section of the creek through a set of four ten-foot diameter concrete culverts.

Like Niguel Road, Camino del Avion crosses on an earthfill, not a bridge, except for a small section on the southwest which allows the Salt Creek Trail and floodwaters to pass underneath. The creek receives the water of a large, south-flowing tributary on the right bank; this tributary is now diverted into culverts and called the Arroyo Salada Storm Channel. It is speculated that Sulphur Creek, a tributary of Aliso Creek to the north, originally flowed into this creek, and as a result was a tributary of Salt Creek. Flowing through a golf course in a small canyon near the Pacific, several canyons join the Salt Creek Canyon on the left bank, then Salt Creek is diverted into a massive concrete culvert that takes it underground through the original course of a canyon that is now filled in.

In 1981 the NZR released a proposal for a 17 km branch line to the Marsden Port terminal from Oakleigh, 13.7 km south of Whangarei. After studying coastal and inland routes, the report proposed an inland route through hills, marshy flats and farmland with a tunnel, five rail bridges, at least two road bridges and several culverts. The route would leave Oakleigh parallel to State Highway One for 3 km, cross Mata Creek, curve under Hewlett's Ridge in a tunnel, cross the Ruakaka River about 6 km from Oakleigh, pass farmland up to One Tree Point Road and swing east to parallel McEwen Road before crossing the road to enter the terminal. The report was prepared by the Auckland firm of Kingston, Reynolds, Thom and Allardice, following recommendations of the Northland Forestry Port Study in 1979.

As soon as the fire ended, a Burned Area Emergency Response, BAER, team was sent to analyze the area of the Beaver Creek Fire. The BAER team conducts rapid assessments of watersheds with analyses of the fire affected area conducted by civil engineers and multi-discipline scientific specialists, such as soil scientists, hydrologists, geologists, biologists, botanists, silviculturists, and archeologists. The team will go in to determine what areas were most severely affected by the fire, what emergency conditions exist, and what emergency response action should be taken. After this report of the area is taken, the BAER team may recommend rapid reseeding of the area, enlarging or unplugging culverts to drain water, removing structures that could block water flow, trap sediment, or impact water quality, or to post certain warning signs, barriers, or closures to limit hazardous area access.

The Citadel was also enfilading the battalions of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade. On the other flank the 5th Light Horse Regiment (2nd Light Horse Brigade) escorted New Zealand engineers to a bridge north east of Amman and blew an hole in it momentarily isolating the town.Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 339 On their return from destroying the culverts, Brigadier General Meldrum (commander of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade), ordered No. 16 New Zealand Company into the attack on the extreme right of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade. At about 18:00 German and Ottoman units made a strong attack on a ridge between the 1st and 8th Squadrons of the Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment, but a counter-attack by the 10th Squadron drove the attacking units back and as darkness closely followed, the light horse and mounted rifles brigades dug in on the lines they held.

The prairie trails proved inadequate and road allowances > were graded and built up; culverts had to be installed where the natural > water runs were. The new graded roads were a big improvement but many a > muddy mile was driven over the country roads. Gradually, some of the main > highways would get some gravel and it was quite a pleasure to pull of a > muddy country road on to a few miles of gravel—Les Moffatt. > Mr. Hugh Gibson thought oxen were too slow—so he bought a motorcycle, then > in 1912 he bought a Maxwell car, the first car in the area. [Maymont] > In the spring of 1912, debentures were sold to Wood and Gandy Co. for > $17,700, so five new, steel road graders were purchased from Hamilton > Machinery Co....World War II ended...Victory bonds were cashed and a Crawler > tractor with a carry-all scraper was purchased.

The source of Four Mile Run viewed from its first crossing at Gordon Avenue in McLean, Virginia Columbia Pike crossing of Four Mile Run near the end of its section in a gorge Four Mile Run crosses under West Glebe Road in its lower, chanellized section Mouth of Four Mile Run at the Potomac River Four Mile Run begins in the vicinity of Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County. It quickly passes into Arlington County, where its uppermost course is a mix of open stream and two culverts that take it underneath Interstate 66 and a residential neighborhood in East Falls Church. The river briefly enters the City of Falls Church before reentering Arlington. At this point, the Washington & Old Dominion Trail begins to parallel the river as it passes through a series of local parks: Isaac Crossman Park, Benjamin Banneker Park, East Falls Church Park, and Madison Manor Park.

However, overall approval of the final result using unskilled labour as well as that of the stonemasons is apparent in the words of the Commissioner of Main Roads, who wrote in 1933 that the bridge was "an illustration of the high quality of work which can be achieved by such labour skilfully directed." The Little Crystal Creek Bridge is reportedly the only concrete arch road bridge in Queensland that remains in service. Other examples that illustrate the way in which the final aesthetic appeal of the road was taken into account during construction include the several smaller concrete arch culverts that still exist along the full length of the road, which are similar in construction to the bridge over Little Crystal Creek, and the sections of stone battering and stone-paved gutters that have survived despite subsequent road improvements and maintenance and natural weathering.

Rječina Bridge, prior to construction of the parallel structure in 2009 As the A7 motorway route runs through rugged terrain, it utilizes a substantial number of major structures-- bridges, viaducts, tunnels, underpasses, flyovers, and culverts. A significant number of interchanges present along Rijeka bypass the A7 section between Matulji and Sveti Kuzam which consists of seven interchanges (including the Orehovica interchange with the A6 motorway), thus yielding an average distance of only between them. The longest structures on the A7 motorway are the Trsat Tunnel located on the Orehovica interchange-Škurinje section, the Škurinje II Tunnel situated between Škurinje and Rujevica exits, and the Vežica Viaduct built on Orehovica-Draga section of the motorway. Rječina Bridge, a inclined strut reinforced concrete bridge spanning the Rječina River canyon, is also noteworthy because its design and construction conditions are different from normal since it spans a protected water supply zone.

In a 2013 report, the MTA revealed that planning was underway for installing a second track between Sloatsburg and the Moodna Viaduct, and for the construction of a midway yard on the line. $83 million has been allocated in the 2015–2019 MTA Capital Program to keep the Port Jervis Branch in a State of Good Repair. This money will be allocated to repairing the Moodna and Woodbury Viaducts, station improvements, replacing or rehabilitating under-grade bridges, track improvements, and capacity improvements. The MTA's 20 Year Needs Report includes the installation of Positive Train Control, the continued rehabilitation, and replacement of under-grade bridges and culverts, the replacement of the diesel fleet, and the replacement of the Woodbury and Moodna Viaducts. In 2017, Metro-North started its West of Hudson Regional Transit Access Study to evaluate possible improvements in the Port Jervis Line service.

By the early 1900s the original single track from Bowenfels to Wallerawang was inadequate for railway operations so plans were made to duplicate that section of line and at the same time ease the grades and flatten some curves. A major programme of similar works was begun in 1910 and continued until the mid 1920s but, because steel was an expensive import from Britain, the dominant material for bridging the many waterways was bricks, mostly from the 1912 State Brickworks at Homebush and mostly in the form of brick arch culverts and viaducts. The quantity of bricks used in the programme was enormous and the period could be aptly described as the "era of the brick arch". Normally the clear span would have been bridged by a simple steel plate web girder, but the shortage of steel meant a continuance of brick arch construction.

London Mithraeum, ruins of the cult of Mithras stemming from ancient Persia by way of the Romans The construction of the massive infrastructure of the London sewerage system, with five main sewers, incorporated many existing culverts, storm sewers, and sluices. This included the culverted Walbrook, which by 1860 had been linked into a network of 82 miles of new sewerage lines, channelled to the Northern Low Level Sewer at a point near the Bank of England. Many small leaks stream into the rounded sewer for much of the year when the water table is high enough. On 18 June 1999, during the "Carnival Against Capitalism", timed to coincide with the 25th G8 summit, fire hydrants were opened along the route of the Walbrook by Reclaim the Streets, symbolically releasing the river to "reclaim the street" from the "capitalist forces" of city growth which had subsumed it.

The Muddy River as it passes through right The Muddy River in Olmsted Park in early spring The Muddy River is a series of brooks and ponds that runs through sections of Boston's Emerald Necklace, including along the south boundary of Brookline, Massachusetts (a town that went by the name of Muddy River Hamlet before it was incorporated in 1705). The river, which is narrower than most waterways designated as rivers in the United States, is a protected public recreation area surrounded by parks and hiking trails, managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. The river flows from Jamaica Pond through Olmsted Park's Wards Pond, Willow Pond, and Leverett Pond. It then flows through a conduit under Route 9 and into a narrow park called the Riverway, from which it flows through three culverts: the Riverway Culvert, the Brookline Avenue Culvert, and the Avenue Louis Pasteur Culvert.

The drivers of the car and the tractor-trailer that jackknifed were not hurt. The route was reopened by 11:40 a.m. This accident was one of many tractor-trailer accidents that has occurred on this stretch of NY 149. NY 149 between Martindale Road in the town of Queensbury and the Washington County line was upgraded by New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) in the late 2000s. Construction began on February 9, 2009 to upgrade the long segment. The project consisted of repaving the roadway in areas, but also included widening the shoulder to wide, reconstructing and straightening NY 149 near Martindale Road along with a spot near the Queensbury Country Club. Culverts would be replaced, drainage systems would be upgraded and they would create a new wetland mitigation area aside of NY 149\. Finally, left turn lanes would be constructed at NY 9L and CR 7 (Bay Road).

The Arroyo Viejo Creek Watershed drains beginning on the western slope of the Oakland hills and running west through the northern boundary of Knowland Park then urban Oakland before merging with Lion Creek and entering San Leandro Bay, and finally, San Francisco Bay. Rifle Range Creek begins in the Leona Canyon Regional Open Space park, then joins the Arroyo Melrose Highlands Branch, which is also joined by Country Club Creek (which flows along the northern boundary of Sequoyah Country Club). The Arroyo Melrose Highlands Branch joins Arroyo Viejo at the MacArthur Freeway. Below the freeway, the creek is joined by the 73rd Avenue Branch (which is in an underground pipe), and continues in a series of engineered channels and underground culverts to Lion Creek (also known as Arroyo de Leona) and crosses Interstate 880 to San Leandro Bay within the larger San Francisco Bay.

Etheridge Railway was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 16 February 2009 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history. The Etheridge Railway, constructed by John Moffat's Chillagoe Railway and Mines Company between 1907 and 1910, was a significant component of an important, large-scale, privately built mining railway network in North Queensland and is important in demonstrating the widespread development of mining and transport infrastructure in this part of the State. The railway stations at Mount Surprise, Einasleigh and Forsayth and the route of the Etheridge Railway between Mount Surprise and Forsayth, including surviving railway buildings, rails, sidings, turning forks, loading banks, stone pitched bridges and culverts, stone cuttings, sandboxes, water tank, signage, and signals and points infrastructure, are important surviving evidence of the efforts of the Chillagoe Railway and Mines Company to supply copper ore to its smelters at Chillagoe.

53rd Brigade detachment had moved out around 3:00 am from Comilla, but was repeatedly faced delays on the way because of barricades, damaged culverts and other obstacles thrown up by civilians during their 100-mile journey to Chittagong, forcing them to stop and make makeshift repairs and diversion roads before moving on. They captured the partially damaged Suvapor Bridge intact around 10:00 amSalik, Siddiq, Witness to Surrender, p. 80 then stopped to make repairs. Brig. Shaffi was ordered to make for Chittagong, so he resumed his advance with the infantry, commando troops and some mortars after midday, when his engineers put up a path across the ravine, leaving his engineers and mortar battery at Shuvopur. By 7 pm, 26 March, this group had reached Kumira (Comeera), by which time Captain S.A. Bhuyan (after talking with Captain Rafiq over phone) of EBRC had reinforced the EPR Platoon at Kumira with 70 soldiers, and had divided his forces in 3 platoons to set up an ambush.

It had 116 locks, 11 lock houses, 12 dams, 19 aqueducts, 52 culverts, 56 road bridges, 106 farm bridges, 53 feeder bridges, and 21 waste weirs. The Chenango was unique in that it was the first reservoir-fed canal in the U.S. In this design, reservoirs were created and feeder canals were dug to bring water to the summit level of the canal. This had been done previously in Europe, but had not been tried in the US. This project had to succeed by getting almost 23 miles of waterway up an incline with a 706' elevation, to the summit level in Bouckville, and back down a descent of 303' to the Susquehanna river in Binghamton. At a time when there were no engineering schools in the country, and hydrology was not yet a scientific discipline, Jervis and his team were able to design a complex waterway that was considered the best of its day.

The stream flows mostly through open land in Prince George's County. It first flows through Coral Hills to a stormwater management pond near Seton Way where it combines with water from a storm drainpipe that empties the Penn Station Shopping Center parking lot. From there it flows through a floodplain forest north of Pennsylvania Avenue interrupted by a concrete box culvert under Brooks Drive; a series of galvanized steal culverts under private property, a church parking lot and Quarter Avenue; and, at the end of the forest, through a concrete lined channel beside and beneath Pennsylvania Avenue. South of Pennsylvania Ave, it runs along the edge of Cedar Hill and Lincoln Memorial cemeteries before passing through a strip of parkland including Suitland Parkway and Oxon Run Valley Park at the same time passing under the Suitland Parkway at Naylor Road and then under Southern Avenue, into D.C. Map of the Oxon Run Parkway Once in D.C., the stream flows through parkland.

Tryon Creek begins slightly north of Interstate 5 (I-5) and Oregon Route 99W near Multnomah Village and flows southeast for Although other sources give the creek's length as , Chapter 10 of Fanno and Tryon Creeks Watershed Management Plan by the Portland Bureau of Environmental Services gives a precise length of . The plan describes inflow above that point as a "headwaters complex" that "includes all small upper tributaries above RM 4.85." By convention, stream lengths do not include tributary lengths. through Portland residential neighborhoods as well as Marshall Park and the Tryon Creek State Natural Area to its confluence with the Willamette River in the city of Lake Oswego. Not far from its source, the main stem runs through three closely spaced culverts with a combined length of then flows on the surface before entering another culvert, long under Southwest 30th Avenue at river mile (RM) 4.56 or river kilometer (RK) 7.34.

Although no work on the canal had started, the company began building the Clydach Tramway, with Dadford as engineer. It used edge rails, like modern railways, which were laid on iron sleepers initially, but then on wooden sleepers. It is difficult to be certain which sections Dadford was responsible for, with Hadfield describing a tramroad from Gelli- felen colliery to Gilwern, which then crossed the River Usk to reach Glanrwyney, where iron from Ebbw Vale was worked in a forge Skempton describes a tramroad from Llangroiney to Gellifelen, and a second section from Gellifelen to Fossalog, near Nantyglo, while Gladwin and Gladwin describe a route from Llammarch Colliery to Clydach Ironworks. Dadford's bridge over the Usk collapsed in February 1795, when the river was in flood, and the fact that he had not built flood relief culverts into the embankments on either side of the bridge was deemed to have been a contributory factor in its failure.

With the prospect of the Chard Canal in particular damaging trade on the Parrett, four traders from Langport including Vincent Stuckey and Walter Bagehot, who together operated a river freight business, commissioned the engineer Joseph Jones to carry out a survey for the Parrett Navigation which was then put before Parliament. It was supported by Brunel and a large quantity of documentary evidence. Objections from local landowners were handled by including clauses in the Parrett Navigation Act to ensure that surplus water would be channelled to the Long Sutton Catchwater Drain by culverts, siphons, and sluices, and the Act of Parliament was passed on 4 July 1836. The Parrett Navigation Act allowed the proprietors, of whom 25 were named, to raise £10,500 in shares and £3,300 by mortgage, with which to make improvements to the river from Burrow Bridge to Langport, to reconstruct the restrictive bridge at Langport, and to continue the improvements as far as Thorney.

It was not until 4 November, by which time the (universal conscription) was in force, that the militias were placed under the orders of the generals in the field. They were sometimes organized in large bodies and incorporated in the mass of the armies, but more usually they continued to work in small bands, blowing up culverts on the invaders' lines of communication, cutting off small reconnaissance parties, surprising small posts, etc. The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica describes it as "now acknowledged, even by the Germans", that the , by these relatively unconventional tactics, "paralysed large detachments of the enemy, contested every step of his advance (as in the Loire campaign), and prevented him from gaining information, and that their soldierly qualities improved with experience." blew up the Moselle railway bridge at Fontenoy-sur-Moselle, on 22 January 1871. The defense of Châteaudun (18 October 1870) was conducted by of Cannes and Nantes, along with Lipowski's Paris corps.

Yet, according to the United States Army Corps of Engineers, this was only a partial solution to the problems of the Everglades and the Tamiami Trail. In 2003, after considering a variety of plans involving the rebuilding of US 41/SR 90, the Corps recommended that a causeway be built near the Northeast Shark Slough northeast of Everglades National Park, all road fill removed that would otherwise be adjacent to the bridge, the 57 culverts that are already in place maintained, and the appropriate water flow rate maintained under the non- causeway portions of the Tamiami Trail crossing the Everglades. The proposed causeway is being called the Everglades Skyway by the Sierra Club, Audubon Society, World Wildlife Fund, and other organizations in an Internet-based effort to lobby Florida and United States government officials for project construction money. In December 2009, construction began on a project to lift a portion of the road to allow the more natural water flow into the southern Everglades.

Consequently, several more cotton mills were built along the river, including: Brook Street Mills (by 1884), Bradley Shed (by 1890), Clover Mill (by 1909), Marsden Mill (by 1909), Scholefield Mill (by 1910) and the Valley Mills (first three built between 1895–1910, No.4 in 1930). As was the Premier Dye Works, which operated from before 1909 until 1963, with the river also vital for its water supply. In 2010 United Utilities was fined after a blockage caused sewage to leak into the river through a storm overflow for four days in June, causing "a significant amount of pollution that had a serious impact on water quality". A year-long, Environment Agency led flood- alleviation scheme in the town-centre, completed in 2011, included raising the existing flood walls, the removal of an old weir and sluice and repairs to the walls and culverts with some of the underground sections opened up.

Australian Mounted Division Roads Plan Daily observations of the regions around Nablus (headquarters of the Ottoman 7th Army) and Amman (on the Hedjaz railway) were required at this time to keep a close watch on the German and Ottoman forces' troop movements. There were several indications of increased defensive preparations on the coastal sector; improvements were made to the Afule to Haifa railway and there was increased road traffic all over this district while the trench system near Kakon was not being maintained. The smallest details of roads and tracks immediately opposite the British front and crossings of the important Nahr Iskanderun were all carefully observed.Cutlack 1941 pp. 140 Flights were made down the Hedjaz railway on 1 July to El Kutrani where the camp and aerodrome were strafed with machine gun fire by Australians and on 6 July at Jauf ed Derwish they found the garrison working to repair their defences and railway culverts, after the destruction of the bridges over the Wady es Sultane to the south by the Hedjaz Arabs, which cut their railway communications.

Two hours later the leading elements secured Hill 308 west of the Naktong, dominating the Ch'ogye () road, against only light resistance. This quick crossing clearly had surprised the KPA. From Hill 308 the troops observed an estimated KPA battalion 1,000 yards farther west. That evening Colonel Skeldon requested air cover over the bridgehead area half an hour after first light the next morning. During the day, the 38th Infantry captured 132 prisoners; 32 of them were female nurses, 8 were officers and 1 a major. Near the crossing site on the east bank buried in the sand and hidden in culverts, it found large quantities of supplies and equipment, including more than 125 tons of ammunition, and new rifles still packed in grease. The 38th Infantry's crossing of the Naktong by the 2nd Battalion on 18 September was the first permanent crossing of the river by any unit of Eighth Army in the breakout, and it was the most important event of the day. The crossing was two days ahead of division schedule.

Just five years to the month after the start of the Sea Scout branch World War I broke out and Scouts across the country found themselves becoming involved on the home front with non-militarised service. While Scouts in general took on roles guarding bridges, telegraph lines or culverts from damage and acting as messengers, Sea Scouts in particular took up a role across the country supporting the coast guard. With the Royal Navy on a war footing, Baden-Powell thought that getting scouts to watch estuaries, ports and from coastguard stations this could free up men needed for military service. The scouts were supervised by the coastguard but were under the orders of the Patrol Leaders and many were already trained for the roles, a Coast Watcher badge having been introduced in 1911 to Admiralty standards. The call was a success with 1,300 Scouts on coast watching duty within two months of the war's outbreak and 23,000 Scouts having been coast watchers during the course of the war.

The following accounts indicate how bad the situation was: > A small stream of water, called Pegg's Run, passes through a portion of the > Northern Liberties and Spring Garden, which, until a few years ago, was left > open and unimproved. The bottom of the stream was miry, and, at low tide and > in hot and droughty weather, was often destitute of sufficient water to > carry off its contents. Receiving the offals of very many slaughter-houses, > lanyards, glue, starch, dressed skin, and soap manufactories adjoining it, > as well as the contents of two culverts, of a large number of privies, and > of the gutters of the numerous populous streets and alleys it crosses, it > became highly offensive, and the source of noxious exhalations. This stream, > which plays a conspicuous part in the history of one of the epidemics, and > was correctly pronounced the greatest nuisance in Philadelphia, attracted > finally the attention of the public and council, and has since been > culverted. \--From René La Roche, Yellow Fever, Considered in Its Historical, Pathological, Etiological, and Therapeutical Relations... (Blanchard and Lea, 1855), at 27-28.

Since 1998, he holds the position of Professor of Analytical Soil Mechanics and of Head of Geotechnics. Professor Potts has worked extensively on the development of computer methods of analysis and, more particularly, on the application of elasto-plastic finite element programs to the analysis of real geotechnical structures.Professor David M. Potts - Research His consulting work has been concerned with the design of piles, including tension piles for offshore anchored structures, the response of offshore gravity platform foundations to cyclic loading, retaining structures of various types, cut-and-cover tunnels, bored tunnels, culverts subject to mining subsidence, the stability of embankments on soft ground, the stability and deformation of earth dams, the behaviour of reinforced earth structures, the prediction of ground movements around deep excavations and the role of progressive failure in embankment and cut slope problems. He has developed his own bespoke finite element software, called "Imperial College Finite Element Program" (ICFEP) and has also authored three specialist textbooks on the theory and applications of finite element analysis in geotechnical engineering.

At that time Connecticut's economy was heavily reliant on the defense industry. The end of the Cold War combined with the recession resulted in a near-total collapse of Connecticut's industrial base, and a loss of billions of dollars in tax revenues generated by these industries. During the late 1990s, an alternative plan to widen the existing Route 25 to 4 lanes with a center turn lane in certain spots through Trumbull, Monroe, and Newtown was met with opposition, particularly in Newtown where there was strong opposition to any type of project that will change the existing profile of the Route 25 corridor, despite the high accident rate and congestion on the road. In the early 2000s the Connecticut Department of Transportation (ConnDOT) was forced to resort to a plan that will widen and improve intersections on Route 25 from the expressway terminus in Trumbull to the Monroe/Newtown town line, but opposition in Newtown has compelled ConnDOT to limit upgrades in that community to spot improvements at major intersections and routine maintenance and periodic rehabilitation or replacement of existing bridges and culverts without adding capacity to the road.

The Grand Mosque of Fes el-Jdid, adjacent to the palace grounds, was also founded at the same time as the new city in 1276 and was connected by a private passage directly to the palace, allowing the sultan to come and go for prayers. culverts where the Fez River passes under the mechouar Although the original layout of the palace cannot be fully reconstructed due to centuries of subsequent expansion and modification, it was most likely concentrated further southwest within the current palace grounds. What is now the Old Mechouar (a large walled courtyard preceding the main public entrance to the palace) was at that time a fortified bridge over the Oued Fes (Fes River) at the northern entrance to the city, and was most likely not directly connected to the palace itself. In addition to the main palace structures at the center of the city, the palace was also flanked by a large park or garden area to the west which was characterized by elevated terraces and pavilions, most likely corresponding to the site of the present- day Lalla Mina Gardens in the current palace.

The surviving railway buildings, rails, sidings, turning forks, cattle yards, loading banks, stone pitched bridges and culverts, stone cuttings, sandboxes, water tank, signage, and signals and points infrastructure at the Mount Surprise, Einasleigh and Forsayth railway stations and along the Etheridge Railway between Mount Surprise and Forsayth all demonstrate the principal characteristics of a railway line that was used for mining and pastoral purposes. The route and formation of the line between Mount Surprise and Forsayth, with its steep gradients and sharp curves and accompanying lack of earthworks, along with the relative lack of steel, stone or brick bridge piers and abutments, demonstrates the nature of a railway line that was built as economically as possible. The section of the railway over the Newcastle Range and through the Delaney Gorge, although it has more earthworks and stone cuttings than any other section of the railway, also demonstrates a cheap form of railway construction, due to its sharp curves and steep gradients. The Mount Surprise station complex has the most intact group of railway buildings, and its station building, goods shed, small timber shed and water tank are all good examples of their type.

78th Division served through the whole Tunisian Campaign. During its attack to clear the Oued Zarga–Medjez el Bab road starting on 7 April 1943, the divisional engineers had to clear over 1000 mines in 48 hours, construct bridges, fords and culverts, and prepare the road for heavy tanks, all under frequent mortar fire. It was considered by the Chief Engineer 'one of the finest engineer achievements in the whole campaign'.Pakenham-Walsh, Vol VIII, pp. 464–5. 78th Division was transferred to Eighth Army after the German surrender at Tunis. It served in the Allied invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky) and landed on mainland Italy on 22 September 1943. The division led Eighth Army's advance up the east coast, its engineers bridging the River Biferno on 3 October. But The Germans counter- attacked (the Battle of Termoli) and part of the force was driven back across the river, which was in flood. :'To enable our tanks to recross, 214th Fd Co had hurriedly to construct a Class 30 bridge, consisting of a 100-ft Bailey bridge, across two demolished spans of the bridge on Highway 16, and a third repaired span.

The Kadakal Rebellion of 1938 or Kadakkal Revolt was the spontaneous participation of the people of Kadakkal in the course of India's struggle for freedom and their contribution to the great saga of Indian nationalism, is a unique event in the history of the princely state of Travancore. During pre- independence period, Kadakkal, the small hamlet witnessed a great farmers' movement led by local leaders, which eventually culminated in the formation of an administration, perhaps the smallest in the world lasting for a short span of nine days only, though. The small hamlet of Kadakkal came down to the mainstream of India's struggle against the imperial and colonial forces through its voluntary involvement in the civil disobedience from 26 September 1938 to 5 October 1938 (1114 Kanni 10 to Kanni 18). When the civil disobedience movement gathered momentum in the rest of the country the people of Kadakkal commenced the agitation by obstructing collection of marketing tolls, exhorting the people not to pay taxes, closing down the schools, looting the police station, threatening to demolish Government officials and offices, preventing the entry of Military, by cutting down trees demolishing culverts, etc.

At 02:33 on 31 January a division-sized force of PAVN and VC soldiers launched a coordinated attack on the city of Huế quickly occupying most of the city other than the Mang Cá Garrison in the northwest of the Citadel and the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam in the south of the city. On the night of 31 January, the PAVN/VC launched a mortar attack on Camp Evans which caused an ammunition dump to explode, disabling most of the helicopters of the 229th Assault Helicopter Battalion. Other attacks along Highway 1 damaged or destroyed 20 bridges and 26 culverts between the Hải Vân Pass and Phu Bai and Highway 1 was closed to convoy traffic until early March. On 1 February, III Marine Amphibious Force (III MAF) Commander General Robert Cushman alerted MG Tolson to be ready to deploy the 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division into a sector west of Huế. Tolson's plan called for an air assault by two battalions of the 3rd Brigade northwest of Huế, the 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry was to arrive in the landing zone first, followed by the 5th Battalion, 7th Cavalry to be inserted near PK-17.

It is evident that Mould is the contractor for the railway and he has been asked to reduce the cost of the railway. He has been charged with designing a railway that will be constructed for £800,000. Heald's answer suggests that this figure is too low and impossible to achieve: > I have calculated the differences that would be made in the masonry > supporting all the bridges were square instead of a good number being skew, > and taking the lengths of all culverts as being adapted to embankments where > the slopes are one and a half to one instead of two to one. And respecting > the alteration that could be made in the earthworks of the present section > by employing steeper gradients it is not probable that (without increasing > the amount of the embankments) they could by any alteration get rid of the > present amount of spoil 1,432,275 c.yds and at the same time dispense with > the side cutting of 336,185 c.yds. But, if these impossibilities could be > surmounted the estimate might be reduced from £1,258,519 to £1,076,433 > leaving it still £276, 433 above Mr. Watson's limits of £800,000.

It noted that Whangārei to Westfield is about , some longer than the road, and that due to speed restrictions (proposed to be raised from a maximum of to ) travel time was around 7 hours, rather than 4.5 with previous restrictions, or 3 by road. In the May 2019 Budget, it was announced that a $300 million funding allocation for the NAL would cover the following work; replace 85,000 sleepers, lower 13 tunnels, rebuilt 7 bridges, reopen Kauri to Otiria section and Otiria container terminal.The New Zealand Railfan June 2019 No 349 page 14 (Vol 25 No 3) On 6 September 2019, the Regional Development Minister Shane Jones announced at Helensville railway station a grant of $94.8 million for upgrades on the 181 km line, without which it could have been closed within a year according to KiwiRail. The work includes replacing five ageing wooden bridges of the 88 bridges on the line with concrete bridges ($16.2M); repairing 13 tunnels ($7.3M) including steel support ribs in No 2, Makarau and investigating ground conditions for later track lowering; upgrading or replacing about 54 km (30%) of track sleepers and ballast with 50,000 sleepers and 50,000 cubic metres of ballast ($53.1M); clearing drains and replacing about 237 (25%) of the 950 culverts ($9.5M); stabilising nine embankment slopes ($4.7M); vegetation control (($0.8M) and improving Whangarei Rail Yard (($3.2M).