81 Sentences With "cuckoldry" | Random Sentence Generator

It's not that widespread cuckoldry doesn't exist in some cultures, Dr. Larmuseau said.

Humans have evolved to avoid cuckoldry, he said, because of our peculiar biology.

Dalí has written that his sexual activity was limited to voyeurism, masturbation, and cuckoldry.

Dr. Larmuseau and other scientists developed other methods to get an unbiased look at cuckoldry.

The idea that evolution encourages women to engage in cyclical cuckoldry was certainly an intriguing one.

Studies relying on different methods in different cultures all point to cuckoldry rates of about 1 percent.

"Dom Casmurro," his 1899 masterpiece about cuckoldry and jealousy, is required reading at some schools around the country.

And if you venture a little further to the right on the political spectrum "cuckoldry" shows up in racist conspiracy theories.

If we consider that kinks often play on our greatest insecurities, it's easy to explain the existence of the "interracial" cuckoldry genre.

Comparing the chromosomes of living related men, Dr. Larmuseau and his colleagues came up with a cuckoldry rate of less than 1 percent.

Had there had been a lot of cuckoldry over the centuries, the link between genetics and surnames should have been weaker, or disappeared altogether.

Evolutionarily speaking, cuckoldry is the worst thing that can happen to a man, because his investment would be wasted in protecting another man's genes.

The white-supremacy twist on this oldie but goodie is the additional fear mongering of the cuckoldry being carried out by a person of color.

In a commentary in Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Dr. Larmuseau and his colleagues argue that it's long past time to toss out frequent cuckoldry as a myth.

Expect Canada to be thoughtlessly lionized in the liberal press on both sides of the 49th parallel and for cuckoldry to go mainstream as a Canadian conservative epithet.

Promoting cuckoldry in the science section of a tech blog seemed off-brand, frankly, and I typically shy away from covering survey-based correlation studies, which I think have inherent weaknesses.

Using white logics of racial purity, a cuckoldry scenario between a Black man and white woman represents one of the greatest threats posed to whiteness—the ultimate neutralization of white manhood.

Despite the alt-right's attempt to mold this term into a politicized diss, many people still proudly fly their cuck flags, including Jimmy Broadway, the stage name for a pornstar who might be said to "specialize" in cuckoldry.

The most famous instance of this is Pepe the Frog, but chances are you also saw an increasing number of references to cuckoldry, which the white supremacist group used to describe people or groups it found weak or morally reprehensible.

Image licensed from ShutterShockAfter a spat about a news story endorsing cuckoldry, a sex researcher suggested on Twitter yesterday that many male conservatives are using "faux scorn" to hide their personal fantasies of having other men sleep with their partners.

There have been about 3,000 unexpected twists in the 2016 political season, and one of them is that for the first time in about a hundred years, it's relatively normal to bash someone for being a "cuckold," or for "cuckoldry," a.k.a.

Pinker stressed that these calculations are not conscious: the actual thoughts and emotions running through people's brains are not about babies, cuckoldry, genes, investment or any of the concepts that enter into the ultimate, long-term, evolutionary explanation of people's motives.

Though race can't help but be a theme in "Othello," it is not the main one here; Iago's hatred, and Othello's susceptibility to it, seem to stem less from each man's response to outsiderness than from their common fear of cuckoldry.

"Anyway, if you are a neo-Nazi repressing personal cuckoldry fantasies, I'm going to extend an olive branch and pass Ley's advice onto you: "If you're a healthy person and a healthy couple, that you can probably safely explore even these taboo fantasies, so long as everything is consensual.

Such ideas were in fact as old as literature itself: the Renaissance era, which saw the "rebirth" of the ideals and writings of Antiquity, also revived the misogynist works of writers like Juvenal, whose Satire 6 portrayed wives as so lust-crazed that cuckoldry – being cheated on by one's wife – was inevitable for all married men.

If you then asked a left-wing misandrist to do the same sort of parody in reverse, you'd end up with something like the online far-right — nerds and autodidacts obsessed with cuckoldry, fascist cosplayers eager for evidence of their own racial superiority, would-be lotharios furious at feminism, libertarians with a ten-point case for despotism.

Archives of Sexual Behavior. 38 (2): 226-234. In forensic cases, it has been found that men who rape their partners experienced cuckoldry risk prior to raping their partners.Camilleri, Joseph A.; Quinsey, Vernon L. (2009). “Testing the cuckoldry risk hypothesis of partner sexual coercion in community and forensic samples”.

Small male bluegill sunfishes cuckold large males by adopting sneaker strategies. Alternative male strategies which allow small males to engage in cuckoldry can develop in species such as fish where spawning is dominated by large and aggressive males. Cuckoldry is a variant of polyandry, and can occur with sneak spawners. A sneak spawner is a male that rushes in to join the spawning rush of a spawning pair.

Buss, D. M. (2006). Strategies of human mating. Psihologijske teme, 15(2), 239-260. This is primarily due to the risk female infidelity poses for male paternity, or 'genetic cuckoldry'.

The alloparent-young relationship can be mutualistic or parasitic, and between or within species. Cooperative breeding, joint brood care, reciprocal allonursing, brood parasitism and cuckoldry represent situations in which alloparenting plays a role.

Small male bluegill sunfishes cuckold large males by adopting sneaker or satellite strategies Female groupers change their sex to male if no male is available An anemone fish couple guarding their anemone. If the female dies, a juvenile male moves in, and the resident male changes sex. Alternate male strategies which allow small males to engage in cuckoldry can develop in species where spawning is dominated by large and aggressive males. Cuckoldry is a variant of polyandry, and can occur with sneak spawners (sometimes called streak spawners).

Several characters seem to be obsessed with the idea that a man has no way to know if his wife is faithful and that women can take full advantage of this. Don John plays upon Claudio's pride and his fear of cuckoldry, which leads to the disastrous first wedding. Many of the males easily believe that Hero is impure, and even her father readily condemns her with very little proof. This motif runs through the play, often referring to horns (a symbol of cuckoldry).

Male submission in BDSM can take many different forms and include a variety of activities, including cock and ball torture, forced feminization, Chastity, cuckoldry, erotic humiliation, facesitting, golden showers, pegging, foot fetishism, and clothed female, naked male.

Fish reproduction: Strategies and tactics. Academic Press. Cuckoldry occurs in many fish species, including dragonets, parrotfishes and wrasses on tropical reefs and the bluegill sunfish in fresh water. Sneaker males that become too large to hide effectively become satellite males.

This behavior is referred to as cuckoldry or satellite-spawning. Type II males and females are incapable of long duration calls. 11-Ketotestosterone is the major steroid present in Type I males’ vocalization systems, while Type 2 males’ and females’ vocalizations are primarily mediated by testosterone.

In fact, they live as monogamous pairs with their young.Richardson, P. R. K. "Aardwolf mating system: overt cuckoldry in an apparently monogamous mammal." South African Journal of Science 83.7 (1987): 405. If their territory is infringed upon, they will chase the intruder up to or to the border.

These laws were enacted in fear of cuckoldry and thus sexual jealousy. Many indigenous customs, such as female genital mutilation"Female genital mutilation" , World Health Organization, February 2010. and even menstrual taboos, have been theorized to have originated as preventive measures against cuckolding. This arrangement has been deplored by many modern intellectuals.

It has long been believed that a male black-throated blue warbler achieves reproductive maturation well into its first breeding season. A yearling participates in extra-pair mating and cuckoldry as much as or even more than older males. However, research by Graves has found opposing evidence in terms of testicular size and sperm production. Directional asymmetry is present in many passerine birds.

This Wooset was recorded as having been paraded by youths in the Marlborough district until the 1830s, where it was used to mock neighbours whose partners were suspected of marital infidelity, the horns being a traditional sign of cuckoldry. Similar traditions have been recorded in Wiltshire and Somerset, where they can be traced back to at least the early 17th century.

A cuckold is the husband of an adulterous wife; the wife of an adulterous husband is a cuckquean. In evolutionary biology, a cuckold is a male which unwittingly invests parental effort in juveniles that are not genetically his offspring.Steven M. Platek and Todd K. Shackelford (Eds.), Female Infidelity and Paternal Uncertainty: Evolutionary Perspectives on Male Anti-Cuckoldry Tactics. Cambridge University Press: New York, 2006.

The human penis has been argued to have several evolutionary adaptations. The purpose of these adaptations is to maximise reproductive success and minimise sperm competition. Sperm competition is where the sperm of two males simultaneously resides within the reproductive tract of a female and they compete to fertilise the egg. If sperm competition results in the rival male's sperm fertilising the egg, cuckoldry could occur.

Seychelles warbler Mate guarding is a common defensive post-copulatory behavior in birds. It is a behavior in which males attempt to prevent cuckoldry. Males that exhibit higher levels of mate guarding behavior have a higher chance of paternity following copulation. One mate guarding method is by following their fertilized female to prevent any extra-pair copulations which could decrease that particular male's chance of paternity.

He empowered and commandeered Kipsigis armies to acquire land towards Laikipia. He is reported or speculated to have fathered a boy to a widow who used to herd cattle, she was known as Wambui. The boy is reported to have been named Johnstone Peter Kamau. She then moved to a farm in Nyeri where she married Muigai but who later divorced her because of issues associated with cuckoldry.

Back in his kingdom, he reveals his father's cuckoldry, and Caradoc the Elder and Younger exact humiliating vengeance upon Eliavres, involving various farm animals. The offender is locked away from his mistress Ysave. All goes well until the wizard attempts to escape. When Caradoc the Younger tries to stop him, Eliavres summons a serpent that entwines itself around Caradoc's arm, crippling it and draining his life energy away.

Ca. 1815 French satire on cuckoldry, which shows both men and women wearing horns. Sexual relations with multiple males are termed polyandry. It has a more specific meaning in zoology, where it refers to a type of mating system, and in anthropology, where it refers to a type of marriage. Sexual relations with multiple females are termed polygyny, but in zoology it can only be applied to heterosexual relations.

There is a risk of cuckoldry of some sort since a rival male can successfully court the female that the male originally courting her could not do. However, there are benefits that are associated with mate-guarding. In a mating- guarding system, both parties, male and female, are able to directly and indirectly benefit from this. For instance, females can indirectly benefit from being protected by a mate.

In many Mediterranean and Latin countries, such as Brazil, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Mexico when directed towards someone and swiveled back and forth, the sign implies cuckoldry; the common words for cuckolded in Italian, Greek and Spanish are , () and , respectively, literally meaning "horned". During a European Union meeting in February 2002, then-current Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi was photographed performing this gesture behind the back of Josep Piqué, the Spanish foreign minister.

Brought before Golding and Touchstone, Petronel and Quicksilver admit their guilt in the charges brought against them, including Petronel’s dishonest marriage, the dowry deception, and Quicksilver’s thievery. Touchstone is appalled and refuses to have mercy on the voyagers. Quicksilver sings a song about his repentance of his schemes and dishonesty, whose change in character and denouncement of vice moves Touchstone to amazement. Golding releases the criminals, including Security, who still laments his cuckoldry.

Critic Mark Breitenberg commented that the use of idealistic poetry, popularized by Petrarch, effectively becomes the textualized form of the male gaze. In describing and idealizing the ladies, the King and his Lords exercise a form of control over women they love. Don Armado also represents masculine desire through his relentless pursuit of Jacquenetta. The theme of desire is heightened by the concern of increasing female sexuality throughout the Renaissance period and the consequent threat of cuckoldry.

If the pair divorces for some reason then the birds will disperse, with females travelling further than males to establish new territories. Although the great tit is socially monogamous, extra-pair copulations are frequent. One study in Germany found that 40% of nests contained some offspring fathered by parents other than the breeding male and that 8.5% of all chicks were the result of cuckoldry. Adult males tend to have a higher reproductive success compared to sub-adults.

The cuckoos feed on insects, insect larvae and a variety of other animals, as well as fruit. Some species are brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other species, but the majority of species raise their own young. Cuckoos have played a role in human culture for thousands of years, appearing in Greek mythology as sacred to the goddess Hera. In Europe, the cuckoo is associated with spring, and with cuckoldry, for example in Shakespeare's Love's Labour's Lost.

Whenever the nobleman visits his country estates, the king visits his wife, but secretly lusts after men. Instead of going to his estates, the nobleman now goes to the castle to dally with the queen, while the king commits adultery with his wife. The affairs continue for years, well into the couples’ old age. Like many stories of this sort, Saffredent’s tale deals with the theme of cuckoldry and depends on both dramatic and situational irony for its plot and effects.

A saint Arnoul(t), Arnolphe, or Ernoul, possibly Arnold of Soissons, is often cited as the patron saint of cuckolded husbands, hence the name of Molière's character Arnolphe.Brian Joseph Levy, The Comic Text: Patterns and Images in the Old French Fabliaux, 2000, William Beck, "Arnolphe or Monsieur de la Souche?", The French Review 42:2:254-261 (December 1968) , p. 255 The Greek hero Actaeon is often associated with cuckoldry, as when he is turned into a stag, he becomes "horned".

Ironically, the play's popularity suggests that this only increased interest in such behavior. Benedick wittily gives voice to male anxieties about women's "sharp tongues and proneness to sexual lightness". In the patriarchal society of the play, the men's loyalties were governed by conventional codes of honour, camaraderie, and a sense of superiority over women. Assumptions that women are by nature prone to inconstancy are shown in the repeated jokes about cuckoldry, and partly explain Claudio's readiness to believe the slander against Hero.

Alongside cuckoldry comes faithfulness. During discussions of what makes an ideal woman, faithfulness is a key factor; it is a proof the love they have for their husbands. At the end of the play, Nan's father, Alderman Venter, blesses her marriage to the Young Lord Nonsuch by saying that his blessing is to "make thee both fruitful, and a faithful wife.Cupids Whirligig, Act 5, Page 42" As mentioned in the section on allusions, Peg uses Penelope, Ulysses' wife, to prove how strong her love is for Nucome.

This is not very feasible in most cases due to the inability of the couple to always stay together. Another form of mate guarding which is more common is for the male to increase in-pair copulations by increasing the females store of spermatozoa and further increasing his likelihood of paternity. Mate guarding is energetically costly and can be adjusted based on the risk of cuckoldry as seen in the Seychelles warbler. Mate guarding behavior is negatively correlated with foraging behavior and body condition.

In Greek mythology, the god Zeus transformed himself into a cuckoo so that he could seduce the goddess Hera; the bird was sacred to her. In England, William Shakespeare alludes to the common cuckoo's association with spring, and with cuckoldry, in the courtly springtime song in his play Love's Labours Lost. In India, cuckoos are sacred to Kamadeva, the god of desire and longing, whereas in Japan, the cuckoo symbolises unrequited love. The orchestral composition "On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring" by Frederick Delius imitates sounds of the cuckoo.

Publishers also issued catalogues, and chapbooks are found in the libraries of provincial yeomen and gentry. John Whiting, a Quaker yeoman imprisoned at Ilchester, Somerset, in the 1680s had books sent by carrier from London, and left for him at an inn. Pepys had a collection of ballads bound into volumes, under the following classifications, into which could fit the subject matter of most chapbooks: # Devotion and Morality # History – true and fabulous # Tragedy: viz. Murders, executions, and judgments of God # State and Times # Love – pleasant # Ditto – unpleasant # Marriage, Cuckoldry, &c.

Primate behavior, like human behavior, is highly social and ripe with the intrigue of kingmaking, powerplays, deception, cuckoldry, and apology. In order to understand the staggeringly complex nature of primate interactions, we look to theory of mind. Theory of mind asks whether or not an individual recognizes and can keep track of information asymmetry amongst individuals in the group, and whether or not they can attribute folk psychological states to their peers. If some primates can tell what others know and want and act accordingly, they can gain advantage and status.

Ferdinand also had a passion for neoclassical porcelain, and by 1934 his collection was over 400 pieces and one of the finest in the world. In 1901 Klimt painted Judith and the Head of Holofernes; the art historian Gottfried Fliedl observes that the painting is "widely known and interpreted as Salome". Adele was the model for the work, and wore a heavily-jewelled deep choker given to her by Ferdinand, in what Whitford describes as "Klimt's most erotic painting". Whitford also writes that the painting displays "apparent evidence of ... cuckoldry".

The second usage of the gesture, also found in Italy and other Mediterranean and Latin countries (including Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, France, Greece, Portugal, Spain, and Uruguay) is instead obscene, disrespectful, and insulting. Unlike the first usage of the gesture, this obscene usage of the gesture involves pointing the two fingers upward or directing the gesture towards someone and swiveling the hand back and forth. This usage of the gesture implies cuckoldry in the person it is directed towards. The common words for cuckolded in Italian, Greek and Spanish are , () and respectively, literally "horned".

This rhinoceros was exhibited in Venice in 1751.Note artists' fascination with the species as evidenced by Dürer's Rhinoceros more than two centuries earlier There are two versions of this painting, nearly identical except for the unmasked portraits of two men in Ca' Rezzonico version.Other version in National Gallery, London Ultimately, there may be a punning joke to the painting, since the young man on the left holds aloft the sawed-off horn (metaphor for cuckoldry) of the animal. Perhaps this explains the difference between the unchaperoned women.

PIT explains this, as woman's sexual infidelity decreases the male's paternal certainty, thus he will show more stress due to fear of cuckoldry. On the other hand, the woman fears losing the resources her partner provides. If her partner has an emotional attachment to another female it's likely that he won't invest into their offspring as much, thus a greater stress response is shown in this circumstance. A heavy criticism of the theory comes from Thornhill and Palmer's analysis of it in A Natural History of Rape: Biological Bases of Sexual Coercion,Thornhill, R., & Palmer, C. T. (2001).

Hanson has been criticized on a number of occasions for his heterodox views of sexual relationships, and implicit in these his views of women. "If you’ve ever heard of George Mason University economist Robin Hanson, there’s a good chance it was because he wrote something creepy," Slate columnist Jordan Weissman wrote in 2018. Bloomberg columnist Noah Smith cited a blog post by Hanson comparing rape favorably to cuckoldry and musing about theoretical "gentle silent rape" in an article Smith wrote about bias against women in economics, lamenting that there was no retraction and no outcry from fellow economists.

In other parts of the world, specifically Italy, the identical corna gesture is often used to imply cuckoldry. The gesture is also sometimes associated with the occult and satanism. The images of Jenna Bush publicly "throwing the horns" made headlines on tabloid news in Norway and caused the First Lady's press secretary, Gordon Johndroe, to giggle when he discovered the gesture, signed on one hand ("the head") in conjunction with flapping of the fingers on other hand (the "business end"), means bullshit in sign language. In 1985, five Americans were arrested, due to its satanic connotations after dancing and displaying the gesture in front of the Vatican.

125, 978–982 (1996)Philipp, D. P. & Gross, M. R. Genetic evidence for cuckoldry in bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. Mol. Ecol. 3, 563–56 (1994)Kindler, P. M., Philipp, D. P., Gross, M. R. & Bahr, J. M. Serum 11-ketotestosterone and testosterone concentrations associated with reproduction in male bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus: Centrarchidae). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 75, 446–453 (1989)Philipp, D. P., Childers, W. F. & Whitt, G. S. Evolution of patterns of differential gene expression: A comparison of the temporal and spatial patterns of lsozyme locus expression in two closely related fish species (northern largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides salmoides, and Smallmouth Bass, Micropterus dolomieui). J. Exp. Zool.

He had also another son, Ambrose, and a daughter, Frances, who married Thomas Fitzgerald. He is said to have married, probably as second wife, Ursula Copinger. His old friend the bachelor George Buchanan teased him about his second marriage in 1572; > If you had been in your right wit, you being once escaped the tempestous > storms and naufrage (shipwreck) of marriage, had never entered again the > same dangers, for I cannot take you for a Stoic philosopher, having one head > inexpugnable (not to be captured) with the frenetic tortures of jealousy, or > a careless heart sceptic that takes cuckoldry as thing indifferent.Ellis, > Henry, ed.

Male sexual jealousy functions to defend paternity confidence, and is likely to have evolved through natural selection to prevent cuckoldry — a threat to males since they risk expending resources to support the biological offspring of others. The male reaction stereotypically manifests as the emotion of jealousy, using or threatening violence to protect sexual exclusivity, and thus the inclination to control women. This idea of males ensuring sexual exclusivity has also led to laws on adultery. From an evolutionary perspective, the jealousy arises from this threat of investing in non-biologically related offspring and thus is most strongly felt over their mate's sexual infidelity than their emotional infidelity.

Although newspapers at the time reported Blair's accusations uncritically, with headlines such as "Naturalist was cruel", modern biographers consider it more likely that Blair resorted to hyperbole in order to make a case for divorce. A week after her divorce from Beebe, Blair was remarried to their next-door neighbor Robin Niles, suggesting that the true reason for the divorce may have been cuckoldry. On the other hand, some biographers have suggested that Beebe suffered a nervous breakdown during the expedition, and that he may have contributed his own part to Blair's alienation. Blair's departure came as a shock to Beebe, and he was severely depressed for more than a year afterward.

Some women get sexually aroused with the power to be the ultimate judge of a man's penis and to humiliate him. For many, weakening the sense of manhood imposed by society can be erotic. SPH is often associated with cuckoldry when the submissive man is rejected and humiliated with the argument that he cannot satisfy his partner or his penis is not large enough to pleasure anyone. Some relate SPH to feminization as well, and even compare the submissive's penis size to the size of a clitoris during humiliation, although this way of degrading the penis is not well accepted by all dominant women because female genitalia should not be a way of insulting the penis.

Female fish may compete for mating opportunities with males by raiding the male's nest and eating the eggs inside. Females may also use cannibalism – particularly birds and bees that live in a joint-nesting social structure – as a way to establish reproductive dominance by eating the eggs of a co-breeder. In some animal cultures, competition may lead to instances of egg thievery, nest takeovers, and cuckoldry. However, the consumption of an animal's brood is often more beneficial than the consumption of unrelated conspecifics, since it takes less energy to eat their own offspring and lessens the chance of getting their own brood raided when getting food while away from their offspring.

In this custom, someone accused of "husband-beating, scolding, sexual unfaithfulness or irregularity, and cuckoldry" were made to ride on a donkey or horse, facing the direction of the animal's tail, while the assembled crowd made much noise by beating frying pans, kettles, bull's horns, and bones. In Melbury Osmond, the Ooser was brought out into the crowd at such an occasion. Similar forms of "mob- punishment" were recorded in parts of neighbouring Devon, where the act was termed "Skimmety Riding", "Skimmington", and "Skivetton". As he deemed it too heavy to be carried or worn by an individual, the historian of folklore Peter Robson later suggested that the Ooser might originally have been mounted in a carnival procession.

Men who are more invested into a relationship have more to lose if their female partner is engaging in extra- pair copulations. This has led to the development of the cuckoldry risk hypothesis, which states that men who are at a higher risk of sperm competition due to female partner infidelity are more likely to sexually coerce their partners through threatening termination of the relationship, making their partners feel obligated to have sex, and other emotional manipulations of their partners, in addition to physically forcing partners to have sex.Goetz, Aaron T.; Shackelford, Todd K. (2009). “Sexual coercion in intimate relationships: A comparative analysis of the effects of women’s infidelity and men’s dominance and control”.

At the 1953 Venice Festival she sang alongside André Vessières and Aimé Doniat in Françaix's L'Apostrophe (1947), a tale of cuckoldry, taken from Balzac's Cent Contes drolatiques,Jolly, Cynthia. Report from Venice. Opera, November 1953, Vol.4 No.11 p68-69. in which she also appeared in Strasbourg in their 1958-59 season. She sang in a successful revival of L'Auberge du cheval blanc at the Théâtre du Châtelet in the early 1950s. From the 1950s to 1970s Dachary sang many leading roles in operettas and light operas on French radio. The Operadis site lists 68 recordings dating from 1948 to 1974 of 62 works;Operadis page for Lina Dachary accessed 26 April 2020.

In poetry, the early 18th century was an age of satire and public verse, and in prose, it was an age of the developing novel. In drama, by contrast, it was an age in transition between the highly witty and sexually playful Restoration comedy, the pathetic she-tragedy of the turn of the 18th century, and any later plots of middle- class anxiety. The Augustan stage retreated from the Restoration's focus on cuckoldry, marriage for fortune, and a life of leisure. Instead, Augustan drama reflected questions the mercantile class had about itself and what it meant to be gentry: what it meant to be a good merchant, how to achieve wealth with morality, and the proper role of those who serve.

From an evolutionary perspective, men are theorized to maximize their fitness by investing as little as possible in their offspring and producing as many offspring as possible, due to the risk of males investing in children that are not theirs. Women, who do not face the risk of cuckoldry, are theorized to maximize their fitness by investing as much as possible in their offspring because they invest at least nine months of resources towards their offspring in pregnancy. Maximizing female fitness is theorized to require males in the relationship to invest all their resources in the offspring. These conflicting strategies are theorized to have resulted in selection of different jealousy mechanisms that are designed to enhance the fitness of the respective gender.

Testy has arranged the marriage against his niece's will, and orders her to "shake off" her "maiden peevishness" and love her husband. Millicent tries to be the obedient female at first, but she is so browbeaten by her uncle that she rebels: she sings bawdy songs to Quicksands, calls him "Chick" among other endearments, and assures him that she can bear six babies in five years — whether Quicksands is up to the task of begetting them or not. The two old men are shocked and embarrassed by her bawdry; Quicksands in particular is at a nonplus, and now feels inhibited from his wedding-night obligations. The discomfort is accentuated when the courtiers, masked and costumed as horned animals, break in with an impromptu wedding masque that strongly suggests inevitable cuckoldry.

The observed low cuckoldry rates in contemporary and past human populations challenge clearly the well-known idea that women routinely 'shop around' for good genes by engaging in extra-pair copulations to obtain genetic benefits for their children," Larmuseau said. Women are loyal to men who are good providers. "With DNA tests now widely available, so-called paternity fraud has become a staple of talk shows and TV crime series. Aggrieved men accuse tearful wives who profess their fidelity, only to have their extramarital affairs brought to light...The rule of thumb seems to be that males of higher socioeconomic status, and from more conventionally bourgeois societies, have greater warranted paternity confidence. Lower paternity confidence among those who are the principals for sensational media shouldn’t be surprising then.

Vilanova. Water color painting by Brad Erickson. In Catalonia, people dress in masks and costume (often in themed groups) and organize a week-long series of parties, pranks, outlandish activities such as bed races, street dramas satirizing public figures, and raucous processions to welcome the arrival of Sa Majestat el Rei Carnestoltes ("His Majesty King Carnival"), known by various titles, including el Rei dels poca-soltes ("King of the Crackpots"), Princep etern de Cornudella ("Eternal Prince of Cuckoldry"), ("Duke of Fools and the Corrupt"), Marquès de la bona mamella ("Marquis of the lovely breast"), Comte de tots els barruts ("Count of the Insolent"), Baró de les Calaverades ("Baron of Nocturnal Debaucheries"), and ("Lord of the Tall Banana in Bloom, of the Voyeurs and Punks and the Artist of Honor upon the Bed").Erickson, Brad. 2008. Sensory Politics: Catalan Ritual and the New Immigration.

Evolutionary researchers have suggested that men and women have innate mechanisms that contribute to why they become sexually jealous, especially for certain types of infidelity. It has been hypothesized that heterosexual men have developed an innate psychological mechanism that responds to the threat of sexual infidelity more than emotional infidelity, and vice versa for heterosexual women because potential cuckoldry is more detrimental to the male, who could potentially invest in offspring of another male, while for females emotional infidelity is more worrisome because they could lose the parental investment to another woman's offspring, therefore affecting their chances of survival. However, more recent studies suggest that increasingly both men and women would find emotional infidelity psychologically worse. Symons (1979) determined that sexual jealousy is the major reason that many homosexual men are unsuccessful in maintaining monogamous relationships and suggests that all men are innately disposed to want sexual variation, with the difference between heterosexual and homosexual men being that homosexual men can find willing partners more often for casual sex, and thus satisfy this innate desire for sexual variety.

This results primarily as a consequence of polyandrous mating systems, or due to extra-pair copulations of females, which increases the chance of cuckoldry, in which the male mate raises a child that is not genetically related to him.Simmons, Leigh W.; Firman, Renée C.; Rhodes, Gillian; Peters, Marianne. (2004). “Human sperm competition: Testis size, sperm production, and rates of extrapair copulations”. Animal Behaviour. 68 (2): 297-302. Sperm competition among males has resulted in numerous physiological and psychological adaptations, including the relative size of testes, the size of the sperm midpiece, prudent sperm allocation, and behaviors relating to sexual coercion,Martin, Robert D. (2007). “The evolution of human reproduction: A primatological perspective”. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology. 50: 59-84. however this is not without consequences: the production of large amounts of sperm is costlyDewsbury, Donald A. (1982). “Ejaculate cost and male choice”. The American Naturalist. 119 (5): 601-610.Baker, R. Robin; Bellis, Mark A. (1993). “Human sperm competition: Ejaculate adjustment by males and the function of masturbation”. Animal Behaviour.