The parapet at roof level is 'crenellated' providing ups, 'merlons' and downs, 'crenels', to allow defenders to hide behind the merlons while firing arrows or guns through the crenels.
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The space between two merlons is called a crenel, and a succession of merlons and crenels is a crenellation. Crenels designed in later eras for use by cannons were also called embrasures.
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The medina is surrounded by a nearly 8 km long walls with more than 100 crenels.
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The solid widths between the crenels are called merlons. Battlements on walls have protected walkways (chemin de ronde) behind them. On tower or building tops, the (often flat) roof is used as the protected fighting platform.
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Smiling from the crenels of the castle's parapet are a young woman in a purple frock, and a man wearing a war bonnet. After the end sequence, the game then continues at the base of the tree.
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Gothic windows and simulated Battlements on Frenchman's Tower Frenchman's Tower was built in 1875 and has miniature crenels along the top and Gothic windows, giving it a style similar to Medieval fortifications built hundreds of years earlier, not unlike Chindia Tower built between the 15th and 19th century. In the Middle Ages, crenels were used to shield archers defending the structure. The second floor held a water tank, while the first floor was used as a library. The original owner, Paulin Caperon, spent many hours in his library reading and studying.
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The keep is in diameter with walls thick. The original parapet has been kept to a height of 0.55 m, with the crenels and merlons restored. The spiral staircase is concrete. Access is to the first floor, through an arched doorway.
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Battlements on the Great Wall of China Drawing of battlements on a tower Decorative battlements in Persepolis Battlements of a tower of Bam Citadel, Iran A battlement in defensive architecture, such as that of city walls or castles, comprises a parapet (i.e., a defensive low wall between chest-height and head-height), in which gaps or indentations, which are often rectangular, occur at intervals to allow for the launch of arrows or other projectiles from within the defences. These gaps are termed "crenels" (also known as carnels, or embrasures), and a wall or building with them is called crenellated; alternative (older) terms are castellated and embattled. The act of adding crenels to a previously unbroken parapet is termed crenellation.
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Wolbrechtshausen is habitat of a small chapel built in the 14th century. Before it became a chapel it was a defence tower. A few centuries later the inhabitants added a nave and church windows. From the original defence tower are the wall strength from over one meter and the crenels conserved.
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Also they had the option of carrying out a counterattack. All soldiers and weapons had multiple firing positions in order to make it difficult to keep them under fire. Concrete bunkers were usually only shelters; just a few had crenels. Concrete MG and gun pillboxes were side-firing in order to defend anti-tank obstacles.
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Curtain wall, with the gatehouse in the centre The curtain wall is over high, thick, and around long. There are several small chambers within the walls, and stairs with arched ceilings accessing the parapet walk.McWilliam, Lothian, except Edinburgh, pp.444–6 This parapet walk, beneath the 16th-century crenels of the curtain wall, connects the three towers.
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The entrance of the palace is through a great donjon tower, with crenels and alcoves dominated by an eagle with open wings. The tower is the central architectural piece of the palace. On each of the three exposed sides there is a face of the clock with a diameter of . The clock faces are decorated with stained glass representing the 12 astrological signs.
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Its "most unusual feature is the defensive stepped false front façade including a crenellated parapet composed of crenels and merlons, which appear again above the stone portico below. The parapet obscures the wood shake covered gable roof behind it." It was commissioned by Jacques Pacheteau. In its construction W.A. Harrison of St. Helena was in charge of carpentry, and the masonry work was done by Bennasini & Maggetta.
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The ancient fortress wall of Chengdu, high and long, was built during the Qing Empire Era. Surrounding the city, the wall's bottom measures wide while the top measures wide, almost equivalent to the width of a street. 8,122 crenels, four octagons and four turrets were built on the wall. Four gates were constructed on all sides of the wall, with hibiscus trees planted outside.
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VDP cloches were equipped with three embrasures or crenels for direct vision, providing protection to observers. VDP cloches were also equipped with periscopes that allowed a greater arc of view. The cloches were embedded in a thick concrete carapace over a combat, entrance or observation block element of a largely subterranean Maginot fortification. A platform, identical to that used in the GFM cloche, was installed for the observer within the cloche.
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The wall is in height with a width of at the top and base width of . Ramparts are built at intervals of , projecting from the main wall. There are parapets on the outer side of the wall, built with 5,984 crenels, which form "altogether protruding ramparts". There are four watch towers, located at the corners and the moat that surrounds the wall has a width of and depth of .
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The present structure was built by the fourth proprietor, Hugo Gaensslen, a Chicagoan who decorated the building with turrets reminiscent of the Chicago Water Tower. The two story building is composed of rock-faced ashlar sandstone, mostly quarried away. The fanciful turrets feature mock- medieval features such as merlons and crenels. The largest tower is on the southwest corner and features a flagpole topped by a large ball.
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Typical Indian merlons were semicircular and pointed at the top, although they were sometimes fake: the parapet may be solid and the merlons shown in relief on the outside (as at Chittorgarh). What was unique is the arrangement and direction of loopholes. Loopholes were made both in the merlons themselves, and under the crenels. They could either look forward (to command distant approaches) or downward (to command the foot of the wall).
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In the second half of the 15th century, the castle defences were modernised in response to developments in artillery and firearms; the crenels were closed with wooden shutters, the merlons were equipped with firing slits and the round walk was completely covered. In this period, the castle was merely a sub-bailliage and personnel were heavily reduced. During the German Peasants' War (1524/5), the castle was besieged. It was restored by Lazarre de Schwendi in 1583.
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Man to man combat included swords and daggers. For both attack and defence, siege warfare employed siege engines to project rocks or incendiaries, while defending archers aimed from the crenels or behind arrowslits. Both attacking and defending archers used longbows, self bows or crossbows. Siege warfare in this era favoured the defenders, unless the besiegers were of huge force or could endure long enough to starve the defenders to submission with no other forces coming to the aid of the defenders.
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It results from rehandlings and enlargings carried out on the castle of origin. In this end of the Middle Ages, the memory of made plunderings a few decades before by the Great Company was always present in the spirits and justified this construction for the protection of the goods and the people. Here is an old description: This building forms a quadrilateral oblong and flanked on the southernmost frontage of two grosses towers (not included crenels). They have with their external base, ten nine meters of circumference.
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For its closer defense, the casemate has two light machine guns of 7.5 mm and a cloche GFM, One machine gun located in protection of the entrance door, the other on the crenels of the shooting room and the diamant ditch. In the shooting room, are two twinnings of machine-guns of 7.5 mm, one of them can be replaced in the event of need by an anti-tank gun of 37 mm. A mortar of 50 mm can be adapted on the cloche GFM.
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The edifice was built over an eight-year period and was well maintained during both the Ming dynasty, and the Qing dynasty, which followed. The wall was initially built solely from tamped earth. During the Longqing Emperor's period (1568) the wall was strengthened by laying blue bricks on the top and exterior faces of the earthen walls. During the reign of Qianlong of the Qing dynasty (1781), the wall was enlarged; drainage features, crenels and other modifications were made; and the structure as it is now seen came into existence.
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Rohtas Fort, Pakistan Idrakpur Fort, Bangladesh Many South Asian battlements are made up of parapets with peculiarly shaped merlons and complicated systems of loopholes, which differ substantially from rest of the world. Typical Indian merlons were semicircular and pointed at the top, although they could sometimes be fake: the parapet may be solid and the merlons shown in relief on the outside, as is the case in Chittorgarh. Loopholes could be made both in the merlons themselves, and under the crenels. They could either look forward (to command distant approaches) or downward (to command the foot of the wall).
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Palacio Nacional garden The land and the buildings on it were claimed by Hernán Cortés, who had architects Rodrigo de Pontocillos and Juan Rodríguez rebuild the palace while Cortés lived in the "Old Houses" (now the Nacional Monte de Piedad building) across the plaza from 1521 to 1530. Cortés's palace was a massive fortress with embrasures for cannon at the corners and the mezzanine had crenels for musketeers. The façade had only two doors with arches (medio punto). Inside there were two patios, with a third being built after 1554 and a fourth sometime after that.
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Battlements were most often found surmounting curtain walls and the tops of gatehouses, and comprised several elements: crenellations, hoardings, machicolations, and loopholes. Crenellation is the collective name for alternating crenels and merlons: gaps and solid blocks on top of a wall. Hoardings were wooden constructs that projected beyond the wall, allowing defenders to shoot at, or drop objects on, attackers at the base of the wall without having to lean perilously over the crenellations, thereby exposing themselves to retaliatory fire. Machicolations were stone projections on top of a wall with openings that allowed objects to be dropped on an enemy at the base of the wall in a similar fashion to hoardings.
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On the Waikiki side, there is a pair of gateposts on either side of the sidewalk and a square stone bunker across the street with a gun slit in the outside wall and with crenels and merlons along the top, as if it were a battlement in a European castle. On the Kahala side is a larger stone gatehouse with rounded edges of the kind popular in the 1930s. Between them, on the Kaimuki side, is a purely decorative structure, a circular stonewalled planter with two jagged stone arches intersecting at 90-degree angles. It now stands at the edge of the Kapiolani Community College parking lot, but was once flanked by two large gun barrels.
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Walls were topped with battlements which consisted of a parapet, which was generally crenellated with merlons to protect the defenders and lower crenels or embrasures which allowed them to shoot from behind cover; merlons were sometimes pierced by loopholes or arrowslits for better protection. Behind the parapet was a wall walk from which the defenders could fight or move from one part of the castle to another. Larger curtain walls were provided with mural passages or galleries built into the thickness of the walls and provided with arrowslits. If an enemy reached the foot of the wall, they became difficult to see or shoot at directly, so some walls were fitted with a projecting wooden platform called a hoarding or brattice.
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The whole naze was built in this direction as a part of the fortress; it was surrounded by walls and diked by several moats with drawbridges. On the northern end there stood a tall semicircle renaissance bastion protecting the entrance to the spacious settlement around the castle with outbuildings. Another barrier on the way toward the castle was a mighty barbican whose 3 m thick walls with crenels for light firearms and a machicolation protected a narrow way to the entrance surrounded by ramparts. Even if the enemy got across another moat in the very area of the castle, they even would have to face the problem of conquering the only narrow entrance high above the ground to which a wooden ramp terminated by a drawbridge originally led.
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Transiting the region during a trip between Lamego to Vila Real (en route to Bragança), he stopped in Port and visited places along the Trás- os-Montes and Resende (as recorded by Rui de Pina), when he ordered repairs to the site. In 1507, the O Tombo da Comenda of the Order of Christ described the residence as a "house that was once the resting place for the prior and now Álvaro Pires de Távora's stable, while to the east and west are houses of said Álvaro Pires, to the north the wall and to the south part of the courtyard of the said castle. It is one-storey and from four-and-a-half long varas to measure the cloth and other so many of wide." Between 1509 and 1510, Duarte D'Armas designed the castle in his Book of Fortresses, which he represented with an elliptical irregular barbican, crowned with merlons, except "a barrier without crenels toppled to the ground and the inside wall", addorsed in the corner by a small rectangular tower.
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