The spires and crenellations of the midtown buildings had taken on a Gothic cast in the gloom.
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From ten, details of its surface emerge—ridges, crenellations, ribbons of paint—and it resembles an aerial photograph of farmland, cities, rivers.
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In some, it is painted in crenellations that hint at a human face; in others the oval is dissolving into a contiguous field of complementary colors; in still others it takes on a metallic sheen that imbues it with a sculpted, totemic authority.
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The recently restored red brick Château Soligny at Cannes is all crenellations and arched windows overlooking the Mediterranean, and, with nine bedrooms, nine baths, a home movie theater and a wine cellar, it has an asking price in the range of €53 million and €60 million.
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The shrine features elements of military architecture, such as bastions and crenellations.
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Taghmon Church in County Westmeath, Ireland, with Irish crenellations "Irish" crenellations are a distinctive form that appeared in Ireland between the 14th and 17th centuries. These were battlements of a "stepped" form, with each merlon shaped like an inverted 'T'.
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Another view of the church, Note the distinctive "Irish crenellations." The church is a single cell with a barrel- vaulted roof. It has battlements with Irish crenellations and a machicolation above the door. The church and tower also have a pronounced base-batter.
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The repaired crenellations, the inserted patches of the walls of the outer circle, sufficiently express this commixture.
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Their armory building for the 69th Regiment, New York, was the first armory to abandon pseudo-medieval crenellations.
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The roof of the keep has two 12-pounder gun mounts with their original gun-lockers; there is a 12-pounder gun on display originally used on a Royal Naval vessel. The keep's roof would originally have been flat, with crenellations for artillery, but both the roof and crenellations were removed in the 1770s.
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Built between XIII and XIV century, this castle of granite and basalt consists of six towers crenellations and machicolation, two floors of covered ways.
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This elegant tower provided with crenellations and machicolation was one of the four fortified gates built to close the city during the XIVth century.
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The tower is 20 m high and stands atop Wilkanowska Hill (formerly Meiseberg), 221 m above sea level. It is built entirely from bricks, with crenellations at the top.
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In the lower part the walls are 2 metres thick and from the inside get narrower gradually upwards. Rectangular windows, with Gothic or semi-circular arches. Additional parts built in the 15th century - added brick porch based on solid stone cantilevers, with machicolations and crenellations. As can be seen in an engraving from 1735, initially the tower was covered by a tent roof with separate needles over the corner protrusions of the crenellations.
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Christ Episcopal Church is located in central Gardiner, on the east side the town common and the junction of Church and Dresden Streets. It is a rectangular stone structure with a square tower projecting from the center of the front (west- facing) facade. The main roof has flat wings and a gabled center, and is surrounded by low battlement-style crenellations. The square portion of the tower is topped by similar crenellations, with an octagonal spire above.
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Kinlough Castle is four storeys high, with gables at the east and west walls, but no crenellations. There are traces of a bartizan in the west wall. There are also three chimney stacks.
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One reason for this opinion was Linnaeus' description of the shell suture of Turbo bidens as "subcrenata". This does not apply to Cochlodina incisa, except for minute crenellations which hardly deserve the name, but Gualtierius' figure does actually show these crenellations. Kadolsky argued that Linnaeus accepted the figure as correct and described his species accordingly. Nordsieck and others instead argued that Linnaeus accidentally referred to the wrong figure, but that his verbal description was an accurate description of the Papillifera species.
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The facial characteristics of the bust, however, has little in common with that of the coins of Musa. The bust is wearing a crown with crenellations, resembling those worn in the Achaemenid era, while the coins of Musa portrayed her wearing a diadem along with a jewelled crown with three layers. The crown with crenellations, albeit often worn by members of the royal family, was also worn by deities. The Greek goddess Tyche is sometimes portrayed with a similar crown on Parthian coins.
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The southern end maintains a moated bridge and shows the original crenellations. The Eastern end has a bifore or single mullioned window. The castle lost a surrounding wall and the interiors are highly modified.
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The roofline is decorated with crenellations - a feature commonly employed in fortified structures such as the Rohtas Fort. Similar influence of military architecture is found at the Tomb of Shah Rukn- e-Alam in Multan.
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The pointed arches used in Perpendicular were often four-centred arches, allowing them to be rather wider and flatter than in other Gothic styles. Perpendicular tracery is characterized by mullions that rise vertically as far as the soffit of the window, with horizontal transoms frequently decorated with miniature crenellations. Blind panels covering the walls continued the strong straight lines of verticals and horizontals established by the tracery. Together with flattened arches and roofs, crenellations, hood-mouldings, lierne vaulting, and fan vaulting were the typical stylistic features.
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The castle is a tower house 22 m tall. It is built of stone with four storeys and narrow arrowslits. There are "Irish" crenellations on the roof, and a small circular tower next to the castle.
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The first floor fireplace has an oven. The ground floor chamber is lit only by small gun-loops. The roof has very fine crenellations, again with pistol- loops. The original floors, like their modern replacements, were made of wood.
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It is crowned by battlements with defensive, teeth-like crenellations. Machicolations are located beneath the battlements. There are cantilevered turrets at the corners of the tower. The pyramidal red-tiled roofs including the turret crowns outline the structure in the skyline.
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Remaining at Carlingford Abbey are the nave, chancel and central bell-tower, built of rough coursed limestone and greywacke. Slightly to the south are outbuildings and a mill house. Defensive towers, crenellations and a machicolation were added in the 15th century.
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The library building is a fieldstone structure, roughly divided into three sections. The most prominent section is the crenellated tower, which projects forward and left of the bulk of the building, and has three narrow casement windows on the front, staggered in height. To its right, in the center of the main facade, is an arched entrance bay, topped by an elevated parapet with crenellations and flanked on the right by a narrow casement window and a buttress. To the far right is a section lower in height, also topped with crenellations, dominated by a large many-paned window.
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Along the inside of the curtain walls ran vaulted galleries that allowed quick access to all parts of the citadel. These galleries had arrowslits from which an approaching enemy could be shot. The walls were crowned by a walkway that was protected by crenellations.
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The community's arms might be described thus: Gules a wall and tower embattled argent therein a three-tiered fountain sable, the chief four oakleaves each with an acorn argent. The German blazon refers to the wall and tower as a “castle silhouette with crenellations”.
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Coolhull Castle has a four-storey service tower and three-storey rectangular block (hall house) attached with a hall at first-floor level. Both sections have Irish crenellations. There is a bartizan in the northeast. The tower doorway is protected by a murder-hole.
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Palacio de los Guzmanes. Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón worked mainly in Salamanca, but was involved in projects throughout Castile. Also formed in the plateresque, although his most representative works are of purism. In 1539, projected –with Fray Martín de Santiago–, the Palace of Monterrey, built only in one quarter, but that is a remarkable example of civil architecture, with magnificent towers with crenellations and lookouts drafts. One of his best works would be the façade of Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso in the University of Alcalá de Henares (1537–1553), decorated with evenly distributed at regular intervals, pediment and top of crenellations with garlands.
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The Ogilvie Watertower is a cylinder tall and in diameter. The concrete walls were poured in place. The water is stored in a , concrete tank within the upper reaches of the tower. The structure is topped by a parapet with crenellations that suggest a medieval fortified tower.
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The crenellations seem to have been renewed. The door at ground floor level is in the west wall and admits to a vaulted basement, which does not communicate with the upper stories. The first floor, also vaulted, is reached via a modern forestair. The flooring above has been altered.
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At its top is a cornice and crenellations. The north wall of the nave has a six-light straight-headed window in each bay. Two lights of one of these windows contains stained glass depicting a large number of little ships. Between the windows is a blocked north doorway.
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As at 6 October 2006, at the date of listing, the house's walls were stained with dark patches. Some roofline crenellations were missing and mortar loss from joints was evident.Timber frames were rotting, and the roof was leaking. Corrosion to the reinforcing bars of the roof slab was diagnosed.
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The north-east curtain wall seems to have been raised several times. The crenellations of the first roundwalk have been filled in. The ground level appears flat today thanks to embankments which have been placed there. Originally, the ground sloped and the architecture provides evidence of the different levels.
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Significant remodeling was carried out in the 19th century as well, notably the romantic crenellations of the walls. A partially preserved walled garden once occupied the south slope below the castle. The design of the entrance gate suggests the garden belongs to the Baroque period of the castle.
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It is strongly fortified with the most massive materials with ninety-six large bastions of various designs. The bastions are decorated with "crenellations and interspersed with machicolations". In addition, there are ten other bastions at the five main gateways (which are arched and decorated entrances) to the fort.
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Battlements were most often found surmounting curtain walls and the tops of gatehouses, and comprised several elements: crenellations, hoardings, machicolations, and loopholes. Crenellation is the collective name for alternating crenels and merlons: gaps and solid blocks on top of a wall. Hoardings were wooden constructs that projected beyond the wall, allowing defenders to shoot at, or drop objects on, attackers at the base of the wall without having to lean perilously over the crenellations, thereby exposing themselves to retaliatory fire. Machicolations were stone projections on top of a wall with openings that allowed objects to be dropped on an enemy at the base of the wall in a similar fashion to hoardings.
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The top floor was the viewing platform, which was surrounded by two layers of stone blocks and crenellations. These are almost completely intact, with the saddle-shaped tops of the merlons still preserved in some cases. Around the tower are the ruined walls of various buildings, including an olive oil press.
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Interior of the church. The complex, built in accordance with Cistercian principles, included a church, a cloister, chapter house and dormitory. There were also a refectory, parlor, and scriptorium (writing hall). The complex is built in honey coloured stone, and the main buildings, including the church, have rooflines finished with crenellations.
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El Tovar Apartments from the state of Michigan The name El Tovar is carved on a scroll above the entrance. Minaret-like towers project from the gabled roof, and there are arched openings at the corners of the front façade, chimney stack- like projections, pseudo-flying buttresses, and stylized crenellations.
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Images of America: Waltham. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 1998: 102. The -story masonry house was built as a private residence inspired by Norman castles. Its most prominent feature is a large three-story circular tower with extensive corbelling and crenellations, details that are repeated on the main block of the house.
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The roofs are slated. The plan consists of a four-bay nave and a four-bay south aisle, a chancel, a northeast vestry, a north porch and a west tower. The tower is built in three stages and topped with crenellations. It has gargoyles and string courses, but no buttresses.
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The hall is constructed from ashlar with a hipped slate roofs in the Tudor Gothic style. The highlights of the exterior are the three storey tower porch which has a crenellated turret. The crenellations are continued right round the hall and are an eye-catching feature. The roof has eight significant chimney stacks.
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The tenor bell, which weighs 21-2-1 (1093 kg), is in the note of D. The stained glass windows date from the Victorian restoration by Henry Woodyer as do the external crenellations along the roof-line, and the pinnacles and turrets of the tower. There is a Jacobean Pulpit dating from 1607.
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The original fort was built by the Laffin (Laffan) family in the late 15th century. The fortified two-storied hall was added in the 16th century also adding crenellations. The Laffin estate was quite small, . This suggests that other sources of revenue, such as fishing or trade, must have funded the castle.
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The church is a brick structure built in the Gothic Revival style. The basement façade, copings, and trim are all made of Jacobsville Sandstone. The building has a square tower at one corner capped with crenellations. The building architect was John B. Sutcliffe and interior artwork and carvings were done by Alois Lang.
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The flat roof was made from poured concrete. Water drained into internal downpipes. These leaked internally, and water also damaged the crenellations and elements of the exterior. Extensive repairs were carried out in 1993 in the original Griffin house and 1943 extension due to leaks having caused water damage to stone, concrete and timber.
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Derryhiveny Castle is a tower house of four storeys. There are vaults on all four storeys. The upper rooms have two- and three-mullioned windows with fireplaces, including one with a chamfered lintel, curved downwards at each end and covered by a chamfered cornice. There are also remains of a bawn, wall walk and crenellations.
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The Community Building is a two-story, five bay brick structure that was built on a stone foundation. It is capped with a barrel vault roof. The building was designed in the Early Commercial architectural style. The main facade on the building's east elevation features a distinctive arched parapet wall, with center and side crenellations.
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The walls were constructed in brick- faced concrete, thick and high, with a square tower every 100 Roman feet (). In the 5th century, remodelling doubled the height of the walls to . By 500 AD, the circuit possessed 383 towers, 7,020 crenellations, 18 main gates, 5 postern gates, 116 latrines, and 2,066 large external windows.Claridge, Amanda (1998).
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John Gibson, pers.comm., 12 December 2010 The ground floor of the facade is arcaded as is the upper floor, although the latter has flat arches and paired columns. In the centre is a portico with crenellations, above which (on the first floor) is a granite arch. Rising from this is a square tower, which has slit windows.
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The doors and window are each topped by a slightly peaked lintel. Windows on the sides are also sash, with similar decoration. A two-stage tower rises from the roof ridge, its second stage an open belfry with round-arch openings. Each stage has pinnacles at the corners, and the top is crested by low crenellations.
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The tower is topped by crenellations and 12 arched windows. It was constructed using a 14-day continuous pour. In August 1962, the remains of a 20-year-old man missing since the previous November were discovered in the bottom of the tower. To retrieve the body, a hole was created near the bottom of the tower.
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Note the protruding towers to allow enfilading fire. The original height of both walls and towers was clearly greater than today, and the crenellations are not the original ones, but crudely cut from the curtain wall itself in the medieval period. The church visible inside the walls was built in the 12th century by the Normans. Portchester Castle, England.
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In the classic charbargh design, gates would have been located in this location. In the Taj they provide punctuation and access to the long enclosing wall with its decorative crenellations. Built of sandstone, they are given a tripartite form and over two storeys and are capped with a white marble chhatris supported from 8 columns.Koch, p.
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The top of the tower was crowned with crenellations and a sloping wooden roof that was protected by the stone battlements. The tower was surrounded by a stone ring wall that was about larger than the tower. The rectangular outer bailey was to the south-west of the round tower. It was defended by steep slopes and a ditch.
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Rathmacknee is a tower house or caiseal, located in the southeast corner of a five-sided bawn, with a bartizan in the bawn wall. The tower is five storeys high and the parapet has Irish crenellations. The tower's entrance has a drawbar-slot, a murder-hole and stairs. The upper rooms contain fireplaces, vaulted ceilings and garderobes.
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A simple dentillated cornice caps that stage. The tower was apparently once topped by crenellations. The building corners have pilasters with lancet-arched panels, rising to a broad entablature extending across the front and sides. The front facade is symmetrical, with a pair of entrances on either side of a central pair of long and narrow windows.
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The corners of the plastered building were emphasised with slender, turret-like columns. The surrounding crenellations (Zinnenkranz) runs around the base of the hip roof and is interrupted on the longer sides of the building by two additional turrets. There is an open arcade on the right-hand side. In 1857 there was a considerable extension of the town hall.
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The full circuit ran for surrounding an area of . The walls were constructed in brick-faced concrete, thick and high, with a square tower every 100 Roman feet (). In the 4th century, remodelling doubled the height of the walls to . By 500 AD, the circuit possessed 383 towers, 7,020 crenellations, 18 main gates, 5 postern gates, 116 latrines, and 2,066 large external windows.
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Faria e Sousa, p. 61 Each batel was armed with four swivel guns. These three vessels would try to hold Kumbalam ford. Cochinese workers had produced a collection of tower shields (paveses), thick wooden planks, two fingers thick, which were mounted all along the sides of the caravel and bateis as makeshift crenellations to protect the crew from missile fire.
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Walls were made of stone or stone facing with rubble core. The greater thickness would protect the wall from enemy mining. The height of the walls would force attackers to use scaling-ladders. The parapet of the rampart would have crenellations to provide protection from missiles for defenders.Elton (1996) 163 #Higher (av. 17.5 m) and projecting corner and interval towers.
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Kosciusko County Jail, Warsaw, Indiana Architect George Garnsey said that the Jail was constructed in a style known as Rock Glace. The building's appearance is of a small castle, with a turret, fenestration with pointed arches, and crenellations across the front elevation parapet. The jail is two stories on an elevated basement. The main entrance is up a flight of steps.
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The ramparts stretch out north and south of the tower. The wall is well-reserved for 40 metres; numerous ghouses have been built into it. The round walk is on the ramparts; it is still possible to make out the extent of the round walk around the enceinte. Guards would have been able to see the entire surroundings and were protected by crenellations.
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Detail of the angel. The small garden with many flowers identifiable (including lilies, irises, paeonies and roses), visible just outside the columns, symbolizes Mary's virtues. Beyond, two male figures wearing chaperons are looking through the crenellations of what looks to be a fortified balcony or bridge. There has been speculation that they may represent van Eyck and an assistant, after the pattern of his Arnolfini Portrait.
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The mausoleum is a single-storey building notable for its "flamboyant" trumpet-shaped, Indo-Saracenic dome. The copper dome was originally covered in gold leaf. The Indo-Saracenic theme is carried out in lotus-leaf crenellations along the parapet and the lobed arches of the front door. The colourful "Bollywood" ceiling murals were applied by a later owner and are not original to the mausoleum.
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That is why the city wall has stood for a long time. On top of the outer wall were 13,616 crenellations, or battlements, for defenders of the city to observe the enemy or dodge arrows. Opposite it was the parapet wall used as a balustrade to keep the defenders and horses safe. Standing on the wall, you will see tall ancient trees under your feet.
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Casa dels Dracs in València In 1901 the Building of the Dragons was built in Valancia which combined Moorish and Gothic influences with medieval ideas. The house also incorporates crenellations and dragons which give the house its name.Images of the House of Dragons, Mary Ann Sullivan, bluffton.edu, accessed July 2013 which is still preserved on the corner of the Calle Jorge Juan Sorni shopping center.
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On the site was an old border > castle built by David I, so that he could watch the English. The North > British company thoughtfully demolished this, but kept the building material > in order to erect out of it a massive station house with battlements and > crenellations, an octagonal tower on one side, and a round tower with a > superimposed turret on the other. It lasted until 1926.
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627Dictionary of National Biography, Cotterell, Sir Charles (1612?–1702), master of the ceremonies and translator, by Sidney Lee. Published 1887. At this time Kent also embellished the house itself, with crenellations and two wings containing a drawing room and a "delightful" library, according to Horace Walpole who said of Rousham in 1760 "it reinstated Kent with me; he has no where shewn so much taste".
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Usen Castle is located atop Boston Rock, one of the highest points on the Brandeis campus. It consists of a series of six sections, connected to form an enclosed courtyard. Its exterior, apparently inspired by Lismore Castle in Ireland, features a wide variety of turrets, towers, crenellations, and pinnacles. A variety of unusual materials were used in its construction, including colored concrete and ceramic inlays.
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Before this could be done, the sanction of the Crown was often sought. Although battlements were often largely symbolic, in this instance it is probably an indication of the degree of insecurity felt even this far south during the Edwardian wars with Scotland. The licence and crenellations were an indication of status. Only 2% of the small tower houses of the sort Gilbert built had licences.
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Tully's Castle consists of a tall narrow tower (perhaps 16th century) and part of an adjoining building on its northwest side (maybe 17th century). There are two door-like apertures on its southwest side. All of the window openings in the tower are narrow, and most of them are blocked. Although the crenellations are damaged, enough remains to show that they were of the Irish style.
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However, Christmemel's garrison was defended by crenellations, allowing the Germans to repulse the Lithuanians with crossbow fire. Defeated at the castle walls and facing Karl von Trier's army, the Grand Duke called a retreat and burned his siege engines. The battle at Christmemel was the last time the Teutonic Knights encountered Vytenis; according to a fictitious legend, he was struck down by lightning in 1316.
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Its most prominent feature is a four-story octagonal tower, topped with a Gothic Revival crenellated parapet. The single-story front porch is also topped by crenellations, with rounded-arch openings flanked by square columns. The interior features elaborate woodwork, with a fine marble fireplace in the parlor. The island was purchased by Jay Cooke in 1865, and the house was built soon afterward.
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The attic rooms have been subdivided, and a small chapel was installed in a former bedroom on the second floor. In 1926, the wooden parapet of the rear north tower was destroyed by lightning. During the middle part of the 20th century, the wooden gables, turrets, and crenellations over the bay windows were replaced by galvanized iron copies. In 1974, an interior staircase was installed in the square tower.
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It is topped by ornate crenellations and spires. The main facade has three entrances, one in the projecting section, and one each on either side. The central entrance, set in a round-arch opening, is under a gable-roofed projection, with a row of round-arch windows set pairwise in round-arch recesses. The flanking entrances are also set in round-arch openings, with circular rose windows on the second level.
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The narrow vertical aperture permits the archer large degrees of freedom to vary the elevation and direction of his bowshot, but makes it difficult for attackers to harm the archer since there is only a small target at which to aim. Balistraria, plural balistrariae, from balister, crossbowman balistraria at Merriam-Webster, accessed 1 July 2019 can often be found in the curtain walls of medieval battlements beneath the crenellations.
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The use of guns for defence gave rise to artillery castles, such as that of Château de Ham in France. Defences against guns were not developed until a later stage. Ham is an example of the trend for new castles to dispense with earlier features such as machicolations, tall towers, and crenellations. Bigger guns were developed, and in the 15th century became an alternative to siege engines such as the trebuchet.
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The Qu'ranic script was added after the rule of al-Hafiz but during the Fatimid period. The walls are topped by a star shaped band with tiered triangular crenellations. The southeastern arcade of the courtyard contains the main entrance to the prayer hall. A Persian framing gate, in which the central arch of the arcade is further in with a higher rectangular pattern above it, opens into the prayer hall.
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The architect of the Tudor Gothic building was London-based Robert Lugar, who had designed the nearby Tullichewan Castle in 1792. The building's turrets and crenellations are purely decorative with no defensive value. The lancet windows, tracery, hoodmoulds and blind arrow-slits are all borrowings from earlier building styles. Although an unimaginative designer, at Balloch Lugar helped to introduce the asymmetrical, "picturesque" form of castellated house into Scotland.
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It was designed to have a "medieval design" and in that vein its ashlar block construction is capped with crenellations. It is located on the edge of a bluff above the mouth of Catfish Creek at the Mississippi River. The monument was originally designed to be situated in a rustic setting, but park features such as a roadway, footpaths, benches, and interpretive signs were added during the 20th century.
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The congregation had been meeting in private homes since 1788 prior to construction of this building. It is unclear at what point the building's use changed to that of a union church (serving multiple denominations), but the Columbia Union Society was formally organized in 1866 to oversee the building's rehabilitation. Under that organization's oversight the building was renovated, adding Gothic features such as the tower crenellations and drip molding.
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The architect W.A. Daft designed the building, which is of yellow brick with yellow Bath Stone quoins and other details and topped by a cupola. It is now the Oxfordshire County Register Office.Oxfordshire County Council: Births, deaths & marriages The Oxfordshire Militia Armoury and Drill Hall was built just west of the castle in 1854. It too was designed with crenellations to complement the castle, in this case by J.C. Buckler.
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Instead, the oriel windows, prominent chimneys and crenellations were more reflective of traditional English buildings found in Vernon's photograph collection. The influence of the robust Norman buildings were also evident, particularly in the use of rock faced sandstone to the rear staircase. The building represented an increasing freedom from established architectural precedent. The details of the Health Board Offices required a high degree of craftsmanship in both the brickwork and the carved stone elements.
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Scawby Hall is thought to date from 1603, with an 18th-century frontage and windows, and 19th-century crenellations. Scawby Mill, a brick-built tower mill, was opened about 1829, but the present tower was built as part of a house after the original tower collapsed during renovation work in 1994. Scawby railway station, to the south of the village, opened in 1848, and closed 120 years later. The line is still open.
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In 1876, architect Albert Camille built the Château de Gruville for Le Grand Contremoulins. The house is asymmetrical, in block plan, using heterogeneous materials: brick, timber frame, slate, etc. It was modified by Albert in 1911 (the addition of a grand staircase) and 1923 (adding a gallery). The centerpiece of an agricultural estate, the château was surrounded by a model farm and by water towers resembling crenellations, constructed between 1886 and 1888.
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Willsbridge Mill Willsbridge is a village in the unitary authority of South Gloucestershire, England, located on the outskirts of Bristol. Willsbridge Castle, situated on a prominent hillside site, was built around 1730, with crenellations added in the nineteenth century. Willsbridge Castle The village contains a nature reserve and historic buildings next to the Siston Brook. The mill and barn buildings are managed by a voluntary group, Willsbridge Mill Community Refresh, for community use.
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Gothic interior features include "ribbed vaulting" and a "tall and lofty rectangular nave and apse." Originally the window over the main door was a circular rose window, and the two front towers had crenellations in tracery, instead of the present plain tops. The square windows below are original, but the former quatrefoil wooden tracery is gone in many cases. The bandcourse of quatrefoil originally extended across the center section of the facade.
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The building's corners have pilasters, which rise to an entablature that encircles the building. A two-stage tower rises above the front, with windows in the second stage and crenellations above. The tower features drip molding, pilasters and friezes similar to those found on the main body. Built in 1829 as the Epping Baptist Church, this was the first church building to be built within the municipal bounds of Columbia, which was incorporated in 1796.
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It rains so much, a frog jumps in to taxi and went back again. They reach a castle, and as the men walk in, Tom and Jerry run to the men to be paid, but are locked inside. Then, a cloud turns into a human-like figure with arms. He then plays crenellations as piano keys, and while near towers act as pipes, similar to a pipe organ, two trees play their own branches like piccolos.
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The north and east sides are fully crenellated but the crenellations on the south wall are only above the two western bays. The chancel is lower and narrower than the nave and is gabled. The east window is arched with three lights and Perpendicular tracery. In the north wall of the chancel is a three-light straight-headed window and in the south wall there is a similar window with a priest's door to its west.
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The limestone is unusually dominant in the proudwork level with the statue below, where the squared flints are selected for a whitish colour. Below this there are two rows of black flint and limestone chequers. Holy Trinity Church, Long Melford, Suffolk, is widely regarded as one of the finest wool churches in England. It displays arcading at four levels, shields, and a long inscription running below the crenellations; the inscription names the merchants who paid for the new church.
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TCI Umbria p. 94. A further section down the Corso was built in 1429-43, still keeping to the Gothic tripartite fenestration, to house the Collegio del Cambio, the "money exchange" that was the financial center of Perugia. The perimeter of the roof was originally crenellated all around, less for actual defensive purposes than as a symbol of Perugia's independence. Significantly, the crenellations were removed in 1610, when Perugia had submitted at last to papal armies.
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It has flagstone floors and a 16th-century stone fireplace. To the right of the building is an aisless chapel in the early Decorated Gothic style of the late 13th century, built of local stone with Doulting Stone dressings. The remains of the 13th century great hall are the north wall and some column bases of an internal arcade, indicating that it was a five bayed aisled hall with crenellations and tall windows in the Decorated Gothic style.
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St Bartholomew's is built of coursed and squared red sandstone, with dressings in white limestone and a tiled roof. The church is made up of a three-bay nave, chancel, north aisle, north-east vestry, south porch and a three-stage west tower. The tower contains four bells and has crenellations and a staircase turret. The interior contains many fittings dating from the mid-19th century and a four-centred arch arcade with octagonal moulded piers.
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Parts of the parapet in the section of the city wall to the southeast of the tower have survived to this day. However, at the northwest end, the original stepped crenellations can still be seen rising upwards to abut onto the tower. This feature is a rare survival on the Waterford city wall. The remains of an overhanging wall walk can still be seen running along the inside of the wall between the Double Tower and the Watch Tower.
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The most extensive restoration was carried out by the Gothic Revival architect, George Gilbert Scott, who between 1868 and 1876 "almost entirely re-cased" the cathedral. The current building is acknowledged to be mainly the product of this Victorian restoration commissioned by the Dean, John Saul Howson. In addition to extensive additions and alterations to the body of the church, Scott remodelled the tower, adding turrets and crenellations. Scott chose sandstone from the quarries at Runcorn for his restoration work.
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Bodiam Castle () is a 14th-century moated castle near Robertsbridge in East Sussex, England. It was built in 1385 by Sir Edward Dalyngrigge, a former knight of Edward III, with the permission of Richard II, ostensibly to defend the area against French invasion during the Hundred Years' War. Of quadrangular plan, Bodiam Castle has no keep, having its various chambers built around the outer defensive walls and inner courts. Its corners and entrance are marked by towers, and topped by crenellations.
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After 1402, the works were trusted to Master Huguet, of unknown origin, who introduced the Flamboyant Gothic style to the project. The whole building is decorated with Gothic pinnacles (crockets), reliefs, large windows with intricate tracery and elaborate crenellations. The main portal has a series of archivolts decorated with a multitude of statues, while the tympanum has a relief showing Christ and the Evangelists. The Founder's Chapel and the Chapter House have elaborate star-ribbed vaulting, unknown in Portugal until then.
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The plan consists of a four bay nave, four bay north and south aisles, each extending one bay further east than the nave, a south, fourteenth century porch and a west tower. The tower is tall and set at an oblique angle to the rest of the building. It is built in three stages and has crenellations, pinnacles at the top corners and diagonal buttresses. The north wall of the tower was at one time used for playing the racquet game fives.
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The principal façade appears as a terrace of Renaissance style palazzi from differing periods of the Renaissance era (Illustrations 1 and 12) which—even though they form only one palace—is exactly what they are. These wings are however united by their common rusticated ground floor. This Renaissance architecture seems to mask earlier fortifications, the towers of which rise behind the differing classical façades. These towers—many complete with crenellations and machicolations—were actually mostly rebuilt during the 19th century.
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Hot and cold baths were also built in a building adjoining the tower. The engine was moved to a nearby engine house in 1836 then following the establishment of the York New Waterworks Company in 1846 the waterworks were moved to Acomb Landing. The tower was reduced in height and remodelled by G.T. Andrews who gave the tower a more medieval appearance by adding the crenellations. It was retained by the waterworks company who converted it for use as their offices in 1932.
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San Giorio di Susa (, , ) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 km west of Turin. San Giorio di Susa borders the following municipalities: Bruzolo, Chianocco, Bussoleno, San Didero, Villar Focchiardo, Coazze, Roure. The castle of San Giorio di Susa was visited by King Edward I of England in 1273 on his way back from crusade. The distinctive three pinnacled merlons of the crenellations were later copied at Conwy Castle in Wales.
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The structure extensively used steel and concrete structural components faced with red brick and terracotta ornamentation. The high level of decorative work, including crenellations, grotesque terracotta faces and animals was incongruous to Vassar’s restrained Quad dormitories and was nicknamed “Pilcher’s Crime.” The structure failed to attract donors who would attach their name and it was renamed in honor of the college’s first president, Milo P. Jewett, instead.Karen Van Lengen and Lisa Reilly. “Vassar College: An Architectural Tour.” The Campus Guide Series.
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The murderer was soon caught, and was executed outside the castle walls in 1895. Soon afterwards the castle was purchased by a wealthy Barcelonan banker, who refurbished it and added decorative crenellations throughout. In the early 20th century the parish church was moved to its current location and the castle church was refurbished as a family chapel. The castle again achieved notoriety during the Spanish Civil War when the International Brigades used it as a disciplinary prison camp, with resulting executions and torture.
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Interior of the keep By the second half of the 19th century, the castle had fallen into ruin and, at the end of the century, its ownership passed into the hands of Manuel Girona, a powerful Barcelonan banker and politician. He contracted Catalan architect Enric Sagnier to restore the castle walls and towers, and add Gothic-style windows and doors. Decorative crenellations were added to the great southwest tower, and to most of the castle walls. The work was completed in 1897.
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Cited by Alfieri as "San Marzano of Acquosana", the first documents that mention the castle date from the birth of the Contado of Acquosana - the ancient territory of Acqui Terme. The castle, probably of Roman origin, has a square tower that was added by the Asinari family. The tower has four square crenellations, one in each corner: the embrasures of one of them can still be seen today. After the Spanish occupation of 1655, the castle returned to Asinari control.
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The wall is built of limestone masonry, with little evidence of brick or tiles, topped by a small inner parapet and Ottoman-built crenellations, now largely ruined. From the beginning, buildings were built leaning on the outer wall, as evidenced by the remnant of their foundations, side walls joining the curtain wall's inner face, or the presence of fireplaces and lancet windows in the curtain wall. One of these buildings is largely preserved immediately next to the outer gate. Windows, fireplaces etc.
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Dinwiddie Presbyterian Church and Cemetery is a historic Presbyterian church located near Hillsville, Carroll County, Virginia. It was one of the six "rock churches" founded by Bob Childress It was built in 1948, and is a white quartz rock-faced frame building. The main block is front-gabled with nave plan and Gothic-style tower at the front, through which the edifice is entered. The tower has corner parapets with crenellations of jagged, light-colored stone fragments between each corner.
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"[The] segment of wall constitutes a uniform piece of construction. It comprises a few repeating elements, such as round-fronted towers and curtain walls, and is consistent in its use of materials. […] The walls are adorned and punctuated by crenellations, arrow slits, stairwells and chambers."Study of Deterioration mechanisms and protective treatments for the Egyptian Limestone of the Ayyubid city wall of Cairo, A thesis by Elsa Sophie Odile Bourguignon, presented to the faculties of the university of Pennsylvania, Master of Science, 2000.
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Refurbished and altered over the centuries, in 1866 the monks were expelled and the site was sold to private owners, one of whom created some of the faux crenellations and towers. In the 20th century, the abbey was restored to a small monastic order. Outside of the cloistered abbey complex is the Romanesque 12th-century church of San Michele Arcangelo; the church has undergone numerous reconstructions. In the attached small hamlet of Passignano is the parish church of San Biagio, built in 1080.
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Some of the monuments are undergoing restoration work. 17 tiled funerary monuments and associated structures remain tightly knit into the urban fabric of Uch. The shrines, notably the tombs of Syed Jalaluddin Bukhari and his family, are built in a regional vernacular style particular to southern Punjab, with tile work imported from the nearby city of Multan. These structures were typically domed tombs on octagonal bases, with elements of Tughlaq military architecture, such as the addition of decorative bastions and crenellations.
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Town Mills were crenellated to form an "eye-catcher" when viewed up the picturesque Torridge valley from Castle Hill, Great Torrington, which Lord Rolle had also castellated to recall the ancient castle. The original Annery kiln had been built prior to Lord Rolles's canal and the Great Torrington lime kilns; it is unlikely to have had the crenellations. A typical Quatrefoil. Annery was well built, with local mortar-cemented stones, a rubble infill and firebricks lining the kilns' combustion chambers.
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Using equipment from local shipyards, the entire home was jacked up into the air and a new floor built underneath it. This newly-added first floor is generally Gothic in style, though there are elements of both Italianate and Greek Revival architecture as well. During the 1890s, Chamberlain added a Gothic piazza to the rear of the home, and in 1907 he had the crenellations removed. Upon Chamberlain's death in 1914 his daughter, Grace Allen inherited the home and its contents.
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Lisbon Cathedral (begun c.1147) is very similar to Coimbra Cathedral, except that the West façade is flanked by two massive towers, a feature observed in other cathedrals like Oporto and Viseu. In general, Portuguese cathedrals had a heavy, fortress-like appearance, with crenellations and little decoration apart from portals and windows. A remarkable religious Romanesque building is the Round Church (Rotunda) in the Castle of Tomar, which was built in the second half of the 12th century by the Templar Knights.
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Its facades are covered in an isodomo apparatus of masonry topped with a rectangular cornice and triangular crenellations, with four, tubular gargoyles along each corner. The main facade, in the southeast, includes two registers with the lower one protruding. On top of the building is a belrey. On the ground floor is a rectilinear slot in slate, and the second by two rectangular windows (one over the other), while the rear and lateral facades of the same register have no openings.
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Rather than mimic the United States Capitol, as many other states had done, he designed a capitol in Neo-Gothic style, complete with turrets and crenellations, and stained glass. It overlooks the Mississippi. It has been described as the "most distinguished example of Gothic Revival" architecture in the state and has been designated as a National Historic Landmark."Old Louisiana State Capitol" , National Park Service By the outbreak of the Civil War, the population of Baton Rouge was nearly 5,500.
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Originally named "Willersley Hall", it was built on the slopes of Wild Cat Tor, above sea level, for the occupation of the industrialist Sir Richard Arkwright by the architect William Thomas. A news item in 2016 stated that "with its turrets and crenellations, it was intended to resemble a castle". Arkwright had purchased the estate in 1782 from Thomas Hallet Hodges for £8,864. The land was previously known as Willersley Estate and had been purchased by Edwin Lascelles in 1759.
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The site of the Royal Typewriter factory was on the east side of New Park Avenue, roughly between Kane Street and Francis Avenue. It consisted of a long axis running parallel to the road, from which seven broad pavilions projected toward the road. Despite its 20th-century construction dates, the building was built using 19th-century mill construction methods, including load-bearing brick walls. Stylistically the building was an eclectic mix of Victorian elements, including Gothic crenellations and elaborately decorated towers.
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The castle was built in granite in the first half of the 15th century for Jean and Yves de Kérouzéré, seneschal of Morlaix, and followers of the dukes of Brittany. Visible from the sea, Kérouzéré was dangerously exposed and was particularly vulnerable to English attacks. As such the duke permitted him to erect a single tower of more than twenty-four feet in width with crenellations and ditches. This construction caused a major controversy with the neighboring seigneur of Kermorvan.
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The cathedral is a Latin cross building with three aisles, a transept and a main chapel surrounded by an ambulatory. The church is connected with a cloister on the Eastern side. The main façade of the cathedral looks like a fortress, with two towers flanking the entrance and crenellations over the walls. This menacing appearance, also seen in other Portuguese cathedrals of the time, is a relic from the Reconquista period, when the cathedral could be used as a base to attack the enemy during a siege.
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Similar arrangement is replicated on the western doorway of the tomb leading to the open pavilion on the west. The ceiling in the dome depicts a circular gold medallion with Quranic inscriptions in Naksh characters. Foliated crenellations are seen on the outer faces of the base of the tomb. Interesting features seen on the northern and southern sides of the tomb, considered typical of the Tuglaq period layout, are the ceremonial steps provided at the ground level that connect to the larger steps leading into the reservoir.
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The early castle comprised only the roughly circular curtain wall, thick, high and around in diameter, built on a low mound, with a battlement on top accessed by open stairs. The moat was connected to the sea, the shoreline then being closer to the north-east of the Castle than it is today. The broad crenellations can be made out within the walls, which were later raised. Holes in the upper wall would have supported a timber bretasche, a projecting structure serving as an extended battlement.
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La Vieille The architecture of La Vieille was designed to be aesthetically pleasing, yet sufficiently distinct to minimise confusion with the nearby tower Tévennec. Its shape is a squat quadrilateral, with slight crenellations. The tower is square and semi-cylindrical on the north face, widening toward the base. The structure of the lighthouse was built in stone using bosses of grey granite quarried from the Île de Sein, while the upper part of the tower and corners were built from coated cinder blocks of blue kersantite.
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The main structure is a three-level tower built of ashlar granite from a local quarry, and is square in footprint. Its walls slope inward in the lower stage to eventually straighten and are crowned by crenellations. At one corner a circular tourelle projects from the third level, topped by a bronze figure of a soldier holding colors. There is a single entrance on one face, with single windows on each of the other first-floor facades, and two windows on each of the upper levels.
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The right to crenellate, when granted by a monarch – though it was not always necessary – was important not just as it allowed a lord to defend his property but because crenellations and other accoutrements associated with castles were prestigious through their use by the elite. Licences to crenellate were also proof of a relationship with or favour from the monarch, who was the one responsible for granting permission. Courtly love was the eroticisation of love between the nobility. Emphasis was placed on restraint between lovers.
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It is now located above the doorway to The Golden Lion Inn at South Hylton, on the opposite side of the River Wear.Meadows & Waterson, p.42 After 1728, Hylton's second son, John Hylton, de jure 18th Baron Hylton added a complementary south wing (its foundation wall still extant), crenellations to both wings and removed the door on the north wing. He also changed the circular bartizan on the north end of the west front, to an octagonal turret and removed the portcullis from the west entrance.
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The rhinarium of a cat. A dog's rhinarium with philtrum and conspicuous crenellations The rhinarium (New Latin, "belonging to the nose"; plural: rhinaria) is the furless skin surface surrounding the external openings of the nostrils in many mammals. Commonly it is referred to as the tip of the snout, and breeders of cats and dogs sometimes use the term nose leather. Informally, it may be called a "truffle", "wet snout" or "wet nose," because its surface is moist in some species: for example, healthy dogs and cats.
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The castle itself was destroyed by Llywelyn the Great in 1215 but, rebuilt in 1223, when permission was given for a town wall and crenellations, making it one of the first medieval walled towns in Wales. In 1405, the town was captured and the castle was sacked by Owain Glyndŵr. The Black Book of Carmarthen of about 1250 is associated with the town's Priory of SS John the Evangelist and Teulyddog. The Black Death of 1347–1349 arrived in Carmarthen with the thriving river trade.
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Nikolaus Pevsner described St. Mary’s as "a big and noble church". This Early English church was laid out c.1220 in an original cruciform floorplan with a central tower topped with a lead flèche, a typical example of a Hertfordshire spike. The exterior is faced with flint and has Totternhoe stone dressings, and the walls are topped with decorative crenellations which were added in the 19th century. It is thought that the an older church may have originally stood here in the 12th century.
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The crown of crenellations and ring of clerestory windows were added at the instigation of Bishop Michael Flannery in 1861. The intention was that the keep would become the Bell tower of a Pugin-designed cathedral that was never built. Though not true to historic character, these additions have ensured the iconic status of the keep which ensures that it features on the logos of many local clubs and businesses including Nenagh Town Council. The Castle and grounds were extensive renovated between 2009 and 2013.
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The walls and vaulting of the church ceiling are supported by a series of stepped buttresses along the outer walls of nave and apse. Each buttress is decorated with gargoyles and a twisted pinnacle, while the upper walls of the church have decorative crenellations. The main portal is located in the middle of the South façade and was the last feature of the façade to be built. This portal, which has remained unfinished, is prominent in relation to the façade and has several archivolts with empty niches.
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What remains of Han-dynasty architecture are ruins of brick and rammed earth walls (including aboveground city walls and underground tomb walls), rammed earth platforms for terraced altars and halls, funerary stone or brick pillar-gates, and scattered ceramic roof tiles that once adorned timber halls.Wang (1982), 1 & 30, 39–40, 148–149; Chang (2007), 91–92. Sections of the Han-era rammed earth Great Wall still exist in Gansu province, along with the Han frontier ruins of thirty beacon towers and two fortified castles with crenellations.
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The Pine Street substation is an unusual, tall, two storey well-detailed face brick building set back from the street. It has an asymmetrical facade designed in the Interwar Gothic style which features a Tudor inspired "tower" façade incorporating crenellations, a large arched doorway to one side, and a round headed window to the other. Stylistic elements include rounded-gable parapets, and an Art Nouveau lettering plaque over the smaller entrance. The Pine street substation is constructed using load bearing face brick with cement rendered details.
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The armouries functioned as training and recruitment centres during First World War, and later for the Second World War and the Korean War. The space generally doubles as an assembly / Lecture hall. Traditionally, armouries serve as the permanent regimental headquarters of the local militia and as a drill hall for Militia practice and training. The standard North American armoury model incorporates medieval military features such as jutting towers, buttresses, dentilated stringcourses, corbelling, crenellations, battlements and a large troop door reminiscent of a fortified gate.
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GB eNRT May 2016 Edition, Table 239 (Network Rail) The three-storey building was constructed in the Scottish baronial style, and has an asymmetrical nine-bay layout with gables and crenellations. The building has eighty rooms including a large dining room, and features a chapel as well as an octagonal water tower and a large modern extension. It has been designated as a category C listed building since 1982. The castle's estate consists of of land, much of it forest, as well as a boathouse and two private islands.
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La Cataye consists of two joined Romanesque houses, which one sees perfectly while entering the current museum whose central internal wall includes Romanesque windows, a sign that one of the two houses was built before the second. These houses belonged to the Viscount's family and were more or less abandoned starting from the 15th century, when the Viscounts moved away from their town of origin. During the 16th century, their upper parts were modified and they were equipped with crenellations. The material used is coquillère, a local sedimentary rock.
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County Flag of Greater Manchester Although the coat of arms is no longer in use by authorities, variant segments of the arms are still used today, such as the badge of the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service whose arms bear a defaced version of the shield without the gold crenellations trim, and the crest which is also used by the Greater Manchester Army Cadet Force, a demi-lion carrying the banner. A version of the shield was also used as the flag which is still used to represent the county.
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The G.A.R. Hall and Museum is a historic museum at 58 Andrew Street in Lynn, Massachusetts. The four story Romanesque brick building was built in 1885 by the Lynn firm Wheeler & Northend for the General Frederick W. Lander Post 5 of the Grand Army of the Republic, an American Civil War veterans organization. It has two storefronts on the ground floor, offices on the second floor, and a large meeting hall on the upper two floors. The roofline originally had ornate brick crenellations, but these were removed in the mid 20th century.
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The mausoleum is built entirely of red brick, bounded with beams of shisham wood, which have turned black over the centuries. The exterior is elaborately ornamented with carved wooden panels, carved brick, string-courses and battlements. Buttresses, turrets, and crenellations at the top of the shrine reflect the influence of Tughluq military architecture on even non-military buildings. The exterior is further embellished with regional-style tile-work in floral, arabesque, and geometric motifs with dark blue, azure, and white tiles - all of which contrast the deep red finely polished bricks.
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In 1979, Sir William Miles's daughter and his son-in-law, Martin Sessions-Hodge, spent £100,000 and over a year restoring the ruin into a five-bedroom, three- bathroom house. In 1984 they sold it to Rai and Margarita Hamilton, a financier and record studio owner respectively. The couple made further alterations to the castle, though some of these had to be reinstated due to problems with unauthorised removal of crenellations on a listed building. Margarita regularly hosted charity events at the castle into the late 1990s, but in 1996 the couple separated.
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In the south wall is a 14th-century piscina with cusped head, set within an ogee headed recess. The north aisle, also 13th-century, contains within the north side of the chancel arch pier a further piscina with a seven-cusped arch surround with spandrels within a rectilinear frame, this sitting on a projecting ledge, with above, an entablature containing three floriate carvings; running on the entablature are crenellations. In the north wall is a further aumbry with wooden door. At the west end of the north aisle sits the church organ.
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The Farmers and Merchants Bank is a historic commercial building on Main Street, facing the courthouse square, in Mountain View, Arkansas. It is a two- story stone structure, with a flat roof obscured by a parapet. Built out of rusticated stone, it has vernacular Romanesque styling in its rounded window and door openings on the first floor, and its crenellations at the top of the parapet. It was built in 1910, during the city's first major period of stone construction, by Bill Laroe, who also built the Stone County Courthouse.
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At the end of The Avenue are a set of stone gate posts incorporating decorative wrought iron work, and beside the main gate stands a pentagonal stone gate lodge. From the gate lodge run remnants of a carriage drive that continued along a terrace with almost a mile of rubble walling before arriving at the stables. The stables building is constructed on a U-Shaped plan and built randomly of coursed basalt with some dressed sandstone. This structure includes battlements and crenellations which match the stone walling which runs around the boundary of the garden.
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Moving clockwise around the circuit from Northgate, St Mary's Church incorporates parts of the walls into its structure, and the original medieval crenellations can be seen in the stonework. Four square towers survive around the walls here, mostly somewhat reduced in height from their original medieval form, and with their gunports converted to windows. The outline of Queningate is marked out on the local road, and parts of the Roman wall discovered in archaeological investigations are presented in a local display.; A further two towers beyond Queningate survive, complete with their original gunports.
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It has Decorated north and south aisles with evidence at the roof line of earlier aisles, four arcades, a south porch, and a Decorated west tower with pinnacles, crenellations, and a Perpendicular recessed spire. The church was probably gifted by Geoffrey de Saxe, prebendary of Heydour from 1325 to 1380, to whom the chancel holds a tomb and a sedilia.Cox, J. Charles (1916) Lincolnshire, Methuen & Co. Ltd, p. 162. The post-1342 roof above the north aisle was built from donations by Lord Scrope of Masham (1312–1391).
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An inside view of Zubarah Fort. Zubarah is well known for the fortress of 1938, which was officially named after the town. The Zubarah Fort follows a traditional concept with a square ground plan with sloping walls and corner towers. Three of the towers are round while the fourth, the south east tower, is rectangular; each is topped with curved-pointed crenellations, with the fourth as the most machicolated tower. The fort’s design recalls earlier features common in Arab and Gulf fortification architecture, but varies by being constructed on concrete foundations.
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The octagonal red-brick structure is capped with a timber roof lantern. (accessed 24 March 2015)Hartwell C, Hyde M, Hubbard E, Pevsner N. The Buildings of England: Cheshire (2nd edn) (Yale University Press; 2011), pp. 294–5 () The game larder at Abbotsford House in Selkirkshire, built by John Smith of Darnick in 1851, takes the form of a circular castle, with crenellations. (accessed 29 March 2019) The circular interior of the game larder at Holkham Hall in Norfolk is lined with alabaster; designed by Samuel Wyatt, the octagonal building dates from 1803.
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The cup is 46mm high, with a rim diameter of 89-93mm (once circular, now a little squashed). The base, now missing, is 58mm in diameter. The Champlevé enamelling is in three zones: a lower zone consisting of a grid of rectangles; a central zone consisting of fourteen alternating rectangles (these being subdivided into four smaller rectangles with crenellations along the top), alternating with a leaf-shaped design; a third, narrow, grooved channel at the top containing the lettering given below. It is believed that the cup once formed part of a set of ornamental souvenir bowls.
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Dacre Castle is a moated tower house in the village of Dacre, south-west of Penrith, Cumbria. It was constructed in the mid-14th century, probably by Margaret Multon, against the background of the threat of Scottish invasion and raids, and was held in the Dacre family until the 17th century. The tower house is tall, built out of local sandstone, topped by crenellations, with four turrets protruding from a central block, and includes an ornate lavabo in the main hall. Renovated during the 1670s and 1960s after periods of disrepair, the castle is now used as a private home.
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There are two secondary wings, narrower and less ornate, that run behind to enclose a courtyard. On the one hand, there is a suggestion of Venetian style in the facade, with its tall pointed windows and crenellations; Galați itself was the country's main port at the time. On the other hand, traditional Romanian shapes such as buttons, discs and crested larks decorate the rooftop. Among the materials used are stone from Câmpulung, Ruse, Vratsa and Trieste; rubble masonry for the basement; brick from Buzău and Galați; pine shelves; tile and mosaic floors; stone and oak stairs.
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Following the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, British colonialists destroyed Lahore's city walls, as well as its gateways, though several were later rebuilt. The British built the Lahore Junction railway station outside the city's former walls, in a unique fortified style complete with turrets and crenellations, and loopholes for directing rifle fire. The Circular Garden which once encompassed the Walled City on three sides was established by 1892. The Walled City's Rang Mahal was used first as a school for the American Presbyterian Mission, before being used as the first location of Lahore's prestigious Forman Christian College in 1896.
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It is considered to be the most complete example of the Arts and Crafts style in the country, and was the largest project of John Coates Carter. At the time of building, the abbey was called "the greatest phenomenon in the Anglican community at the present time". The roofs are of white roughcast with red tiling, and the abbey church has five side-windows and on the south a "tapering" tower with primitive crenellations. Caldey Island and Little Caldey Island have together formed an ecclesiastical district for as long as the locals can remember, with 20 Cistercian monks living at the monastery .
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Main entrance to the building with moose carvings adorning the doorways The Tudor- Gothic Revival-style building was designed by David Ewart, the Chief Architect of the Department of Public Works. Tudor-Gothic detailing may be found throughout the building; including its original entrance that includes a triple arch with neo-gothic tracery, pointed arch windows, decorative buttresses, and crenellations and corner turret. Many of the carvings found on the building depict Canadian flora and fauna. In addition to its Tudor-Gothic detailing, the design and orientation of the building also draws upon Beaux- Arts architectural principles.
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Several Gothic cloisters were built and can still be found in the Cathedrals of Oporto, Lisbon and Évora (all from the 14th century) as well as in monasteries like Alcobaça, Santo Tirso and the Convent of the Order of Christ. In the early 15th century, the building of the Monastery of Batalha, sponsored by King John I, led to a renovation of Portuguese Gothic. After 1402, the works were trusted to Master Huguet, of unknown origin, who introduced the Flamboyant Gothic style to the project. The whole building is decorated with Gothic pinnacles (crockets), reliefs, large windows with intrincate tracery and elaborate crenellations.
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The function of battlements in war is to protect the defenders by giving them something to hide behind, from which they can pop out to launch their own missiles. A defensive building might be designed and built with battlements, or a manor house might be fortified by adding battlements, where no parapet previously existed, or cutting crenellations into its existing parapet wall. A distinctive feature of late medieval English church architecture is to crenellate the tops of church towers, and often the tops of lower walls. These are essentially decorative rather than functional, as are many examples on secular buildings.
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Church exterior The village is famous for St Peter's Church, Tickencote, which possesses a superb Norman chancel arch and an unusual chancel roof vault. In the arch, five orders of shafts support seven orders of moulded arches with zig zag, billet, beak heads, grotesques, crenellations and all manner of leaves, animals and motifs. The arch has sunk in the last 900 years to give a rather depressed appearance. The church was partly rebuilt in neo-Norman style by Samuel Pepys Cockerell in 1792. From 1909–12 the vicar was the Venerable Lonsdale Ragg, later the Archdeacon of Gibraltar from 1934–45.
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Alice Through the Looking Glass in the castle grounds The surrounding moat is now occupied by gardens The gardens are "extremely popular, displaying an amazing array of colourful bedding, centred on the 11th Century Castle Keep", and include a life-size statue of Alice Through the Looking Glass, which is a memorial to Lewis Carroll who stayed nearby in The Chestnuts, his sisters' house, from 1868 until he died in 1898. Starting in 2003 there was a year-long conservation project. The keep was partially renovated, and the first floor was floored and roofed. During this project which ended in 2004 original features such as crenellations were found to still exist.
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The historic district includes the VMI campus's central parade ground, a roughly oval greensward that is ringed by campus roads with buildings on the other side. It includes all of those buildings, as well as those lining an eastward-extending tongue on Letcher Avenue, Burma Road, and Stono Lane. The dominant feature of the campus is the Barracks, a sprawling Gothic building with fortress-like crenellations. Its oldest surviving portion dates to 1848, and was designed by Alexander Jackson Davis; it is the only structure to survive Union attacks during the American Civil War, and was a major influence in the design of later buildings.
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Its main facade features twin towers flanking an entrance consisting of three trefoil arches, above which is a large rose window and an arched arcade connecting the two towers. The upper levels of the towers are open areas surrounded by paired narrow pointed-arch openings, and are decorated by crenellations and gargoyles. The main body of the church is covered in a slate roof (original replaced in 1948), and the stained glass of some of its windows was brought over from the buildings of other church congregations which merged into the Union congregation. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
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The Sugashima Lighthouse was designed and constructed by British engineer Richard Henry Brunton, and was first lit on July 1, 1873 in a ceremony attended by Saigō Takamori and other dignitaries of the Meiji government. Brunton constructed a total of 25 lighthouses in Japan from far northern Hokkaidō to southern Kyūshū during his career in Japan, each with a different design. Built of domestically-produced white bricks, the Sugashima Lighthouse is styled in the manner of a European castle round tower, complete with crenellations. It replaced a more primitive light established by the Tokugawa shogunate on the island in 1673 in response to numerous shipwrecks in the area.
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Instead of using stone for decorative exterior elements including trim and faces, as was common at the time of construction, Pilcher utilized terracotta. Other external features include a pitched copper roof with a low slope, limestone-surrounded entrances, crenellations, and light red brick. According to architectural writers Karen Van Lengen and Lisa Reilly, the tower's presence "created a more monumental and less homelike impression than that of its neighbor, Josselyn" which they speculate may have earned the dorm its nickname, "Pilcher's Crime". Upon opening, the house featured two dining rooms with student rooms arranged along lengthy hallways radiating from the center of the structure.
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She carries various symbolic items: a shield bearing the New York City coat of arms, a branch of leaves, and a mural crown, which she holds aloft. The mural crown has five crenellations or turrets, which evoke city walls and represent the five boroughs. The crown also includes dolphins as a symbol of "New York's maritime setting". Audrey Munson posed for the figure; she had also posed for a very large number of other important allegorical Beaux-Arts sculptures in New York, including those at the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House, New York Public Library Main Branch, Manhattan Bridge Colonnade, and USS Maine National Monument at Columbus Circle.
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Perugia On-line When Perugia was joined to a united Italy, the crenellations were triumphantly restored. The grand portal in the Piazza is surmounted by the city's symbols, the griffin of Perugia and the Imperial Guelf lion, in bronze; the originalsThe originals are now in the Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria, which is housed in the palazzo were probably cast in the Arsenal of Venice, in 1274, the first European bronze castings in the round achieved since Antiquity. Above the door, strung on a bar hanging from chains the keys to the gates of Siena were triumphantly displayed, following the victory of Perugia at the battle of Torrita, 1358.TCI, Umbria 1966:80.
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It has been speculated that an apse was added to the Temple of Claudius in the 4th century during a putative conversion to a Christian church and that the Normans followed this outline. The keep was divided internally by a wall running from north to south; a second dividing wall was added to the larger eastern section at a later date. A plan of Colchester Castle published in 1916 showing the surviving bailey earthworks in relation to the keep. Initially, the keep was only built to the height of the first floor; remnants of the crenellations which surmounted this first phase can still be seen in the exterior walls.
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Built on the edge of town in about 1876 for W. C. and Mary Ball, the house is a transitional structure between the Italianate vernacular and that of the later Victorian picturesque styles. with The 2½-story frame house features bracketed eaves, a full-height bay section on the south elevation, cornice returns, a high-pitched roof, facade gable, crenellations and finials on the ridges. A prominent feature of the house are its three porches: a kitchen porch on west side, a dining room porch on south, and wrap-around porch on southeast. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 4, 1985.
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Beginning in 1778, the Electorate of Trier was the sole landholder. During the French Revolutionary Wars, the region was occupied by French troops in 1793 and 1794. In 1798, the region was made part of the Department of Rhin-et-Moselle, and thereby became part of France. In 1815 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. The Senheim of the 17th and 18th centuries with its fortifications, towers, crenellations and gates, and its great number of stately noble and monastic estates, came to a sudden end on 13 August 1839: a great fire reduced the mediaeval village in a short time to ashes and rubble.
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At the lower part is a late 19th-century wooden rood screen of Perpendicular style, of three sections--voided in the centre section and void above with panelling below in the outer, and tracery above in all, the top line with crenellations. The chancel and both side chapels are separated by screens of the same style and date, and include openings to the north and south chapels. Sited at the face of the screens within the chancel, and part of the same design, are choir stalls of mirror repeat. Behind the screens are chapels, north and south, each defined by two Perpendicular chancel bays, the north with heavily moulded arches, the south double-chamfered.
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The corners of the end sections have brick quoining, and the building is topped by a low parapet with wide stepped crenellations highlighted by a terra cotta border. The main entrance is set at the center of the basement level, in a richly decorated segmented-arch surround. The school was built in 1915 to a design by Wilson Potter, a prominent New York City architect known for his school designs; Potter was also credited with the design of the 1914 Torrington High School, now much altered and no longer the high school. This building was the first large-scale elementary school for the city, and served as a prototype for schools it built through the 1930s.
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The First Unitarian Universalist Society in Newton occupies a prominent location at 1326 Washington Street in the heart of the village of West Newton in Newton, Massachusetts. Architect Ralph Adams Cram designed the church, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. designed the grounds, the cornerstone was laid in 1905, and it was dedicated in 1906; it is one of the village's oldest buildings. The church is in Cram's signature Gothic Revival style, with buttressed walls and a blocky square tower with crenellations and spires. An enclosed courtyard is formed by an office wing, banquet hall, and parish house, which are built to resemble Elizabethan architecture with brick first floor and half-timbered upper level.
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Their placement formed a polygonal pattern giving the curtain wall an irregular but imposing appearance. At the top it would have been wide enough for a walkway with a narrow protective parapet on the outer edge and with hoop-like crenellations.. The term Cyclopean was derived by the latter Greeks of the Classical era who believed that only the mythical giants, the Cyclopes, could have constructed such megalithic structures. On the other hand, cut stone masonry is used only in and around gateways. Another typical feature of Mycenaean megalithic construction was the use of a relieving triangle above a lintel block—an opening, often triangular, designed to reduce the weight over the lintel.
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In general, Portuguese cathedrals have a heavy, fortress-like appearance, with crenellations and few decorative elements apart from portals and windows. Portuguese Romanesque cathedrals were later extensively modified, among others the Old Cathedral of Coimbra, although it only had some minor changes. Chronological and geographical distribution of Romanesque buildings in Portugal are intimately connected with the territorial organization emerging from the Reconquista, being the fundamental reason for the differences between a locally influenced artistical phenomenon in the North of the country and a more "international" kind in buildings like Coimbra and Lisbon cathedrals. Romanesque architecture first developed in Minho and Douro regions (with Braga Cathedral being its reference) spreading later southwards to Coimbra.
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1887 groundplan for the late-19th-century restoration work St Nicholas, Blakeney, is a large Gothic parish church with an aisled nave, a deep chancel of two bays, a large tower at the western end, and a smaller tower at the eastern end, to the north of the chancel. The north porch was rebuilt in 1896. The west tower is surmounted with crenellations and pinnacles and is supported by stepped buttresses at each corner. The buttresses are constructed from flint and stone, and have arched insets on the faces.Brandon (1860) p. 20 They rest on stone plinths, each bearing carved shields, that on the north buttress with an inaccurate rendering of the arms of the see, and the other with a cross and a dolphin.
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Example of the crenellations of the outer enclosure The castle rises over a granite outcropping in height, and is approximately long and wide, in the middle of the Tagus River waterway, a few metres below its confluence with the Zêzere River in front of the town of Tancos. The castle has an irregular rectangular plan consisting of two enclosures: an exterior lower level faces upstream with a traitors' gate and walls reinforced by nine tall circular towers; while the interior enclosure, located at a higher elevation, has walls accessible by the main gate to the main keep. The keep is three stories tall, and includes the original pads that supported the main truss. The remaining sentry towers are irregular, owing to the irregular terrain.
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The knitlock wall sections have curved ribbing similar to vertical fins, which are accented by ribbed concave crenellations. The crenellated parapet elements rise gracefully and monumentally above the roofline, bringing a castle or church-like suggestion to the exterior through gothic style elements. The 70 degree angled window pane settings create chevron patterns on the french doors and windows, adding further decorative interest to the facade, and reminiscent of a pointed arch motif (another gothic style marker). Chevron motifs and vertical fins are also characteristic of the Inter War Art Deco style, but Burley Griffin's use of rusticated stone and his philosophy of creating a building in harmony with the landscape resulted in a fusion of grace with earthy ambience at the Duncan House.
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The fort/castle is a three-story structure of basalt and limestone, notably with a large water reservoir (70m by 70m) that collects water thanks to proximity to nearby wadi (valleys). There are three phases at the site, including restoration work done by the Jordanian Department of Antiquities in the 1970s, the addition of machicolations boxes (projecting windows) in the 18th century, and the original building, including the first row of the arrow slits and crenellations. A photograph from the 19th century indicates that at least one of the second-story roofs may have been a hemispherical dome, suggesting possible use of the structure as a mosque. The building is typically credited to the reign of Sultan Sulayman I in the year 1560.
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Berg Castle on the banks of Lake Starnberg The castle as it appeared before World War II, in its 19th century gothic revival style, c. 1886 Berg Castle in winter (Anton Zwengauer) Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria, acquired a piece of land on the banks of Lake Starnberg in 1676 from the Horwarth family and ordered the construction of Berg Castle. Ferdinand used it for festivities, but it reached its zenith under his successors, elector Max Emanuel and Emperor Charles VII, when it served as the ambiance for spectacular entertainment and hunting events. Between 1849 and 1851 King Maximilian II instructed the architect Eduard Riedel to redesign the site in Neo-Gothic style, with added crenellations and four towers, for which the king bought additional land.
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Trinity Church on the Green, New Haven, between 1900 and 1915 In 1871, during the tenure of the Rev. Dr. Edwin Harwood Trinity's rector from 1859-1894, Ithiel Town's wood upper portion of the tower was replaced with stone, and his wood crenellations at the rooflines were permanently removed due to their rotted condition. Stained glass windows were added from 1871 on through 1915, replacing Ithiel Town's original clear diamond-shaped panes set in lead, first with Grisaille windows throughout the nave (in 1871) and then with memorial windows replacing three of the Grisaille windows between 1895 and 1915 by ones designed by Tiffany Studios. Further, the all-stone tower of 1871 was surmounted from 1893-1915 by a copper clad pyramidal roof spire.
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Through his connections at Vassar, Pilcher designed the nine-story North Residence (1907), renamed in 1915 as Jewett House. The structure is composed of a four-story U-shaped arms block, which frames a quad-side court, and is attached to a rear eight-story tower that incorporates a 30,000-gallon water tank. The structure extensively used steel and concrete structural components faced with red brick and terracotta ornamentation. The high level of decorative work, including crenellations, grotesque terracotta faces and animals was incongruous to Vassar’s restrained red brick-with-sandstone-trim Quad dormitories and was nicknamed “Pilcher’s Crime.” The structure failed to attract donors who would have attached their name and it was instead renamed in honor of the college’s first president, Milo P. Jewett.
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The former site of Burgate is marked by another Cozen Stone, and on the next stretch of wall, one tower survives, used for a period as a water cistern and now incorporated into the 19th century Zoar Chapel.; ; The south-east stretch of the walls beyond the former site of Riding Gate, marked by a 19th-century plaque, are particularly well preserved, including the Dane John Gardens, used as a public park and decorated with sculptures.; The two towers near this stretch of wall are reconstructions from the 1950s on the original medieval foundations. Another four towers survive between the former sites of Riding Gate and Wincheap Gate, one of which remains near its original height and retains its defensive crenellations.
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The cathedral walls The present building was constructed in the 12th century, beginning in 1173 under the direction of bishop William II of Agde, and replaced a Carolingian church of the 9th century that stood on the foundations of a 5th-century Roman church, formerly a temple of Diana. The cathedral is remarkable for being built of black basalt from the nearby volcanic Mont St. Loup quarries. The building is extremely strong and was designed to serve as a fortress as much as a church: the walls are between 2 and 3 metres thick, and the square tower, 35 metres high, could also function as a keep, or donjon. The crenellations and machicolations are very prominent, and again, more characteristic of a fortress than of a church.
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Unfortunately, the shield of the knight is too worn for the identification of any coat of arms that could verify the historical accuracy of this belief. The building was remodelled in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, and restored in 1869 and 1892. There were also several additions in the 15th century, including the present lead roofing, the southern porch, the south chapel, and the western part of the nave. Although the lower half of the tower was constructed in the 12th century, the upper half, which is made of a noticeably different stone and is surrounded on all sides by crenellations with a small upright spire in each corner, was also constructed in the 15th century and contains six bells, three of them not installed until 1892.
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The Edwardian sites have strong architectural links to castles and town walls built in the kingdom of Savoy in North Italy during the same period. The resemblance between the two sets of buildings was first noted by historian Arnold Taylor in the 1950s. Similarities include the semi-circular door arches, window styles, corbelled towers, the positioning of putlog holes, tall circular towers and crenellations with pinnacles found in Edward's works in North Wales; in Savoy these can be seen in constructions such as the defences of Saillon, La Bâtiaz and Chillon Castles. Many of these similarities have been considered to be the result of the influence of the Savoy architect Master James of St George, employed by Edward I, and who brought other Savoyard architects with him to North Wales.
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The German blazon reads: The municipality’s arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Gules a chief per fess embattled of five of the field and argent and a base of the second charged with a breaking wheel spoked of seven sable, between which a lion passant Or, armed, langued and crowned of the second. The German blazon makes no mention of the lion’s tongue’s tincture, but it appears as silver (argent). The division of the chief in these arms in the form of crenellations on a castle wall (“embattled”) recalls Densborn castle. The Lords of Anethan, the castle's last holders, bore arms charged with a lion, which has also been incorporated into the municipality's arms, albeit with the tinctures reversed (Or on gules – gold on red – instead of gules on Or, as the Lords bore them).
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In the 19th century, it was "reinvented" by idealistic romanticists, which eventually led to interventions in the 1940s and 1950s, and its adaption as an Official Residence of the Portuguese Republic. During this period, there were many restorations that transformed the physical appearance of the structure, including the addition of crenellations and bartizans. The DGMEN - Direcção-Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais (Directorate-General of Buildings and National Monuments), the forerunner of the IGESPAR, first intervened on the site in 1939, through the construction of the chemin de ronde in masonry, including reinforced concrete; the dismantlement and reconstruction of the corner of the keep; repair and consolidation of the battlements, including the demolition of the tower's allure, reconstruction of a brick vault under the existing; and reconstruction of the pavement in small stone. Around 1940-1950, the spaces were adapted for its use as an official residence of the Portuguese Republic.
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Initial construction of the Broletto took place during 1187—1230, although the structure has undergone many modifications over the centuries, specially after the Sack of Brescia in 1512 during the War of the League of Cambrai. The long stone facade on the south fronts Via Cardinale Querini, and aligns parallel the left of the Cathedral, corresponds to the ancient "Palatium Novum Maius" built in 1223 - 1227. The Tower of the Poncarali in unfinished stone is attached to the facade. Originally 30 meters tall, it was lowered to about 19 metres by Ezzelino da Romano. The nearly 54 meter Tower of Pègol is still intact, with a small belfry hidden by the Ghibelline crenellations added at the beginning of the 19th century. The clock on the inner wall of the first courtyard came from the nearby former cathedral of San Pietro de Dom, demolished in the 16th century.
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The writer Simon Jenkins said that the quadrangle has "the familiar Oxford Tudor windows and decorative Dutch gables, crowding the skyline like Welsh dragons' teeth and lightened by exuberant flower boxes". Betjeman, describing the first and second quadrangles, said that they had "what look like Cotswold manors on all sides", adding that "The clearness of the planning of Jesus College and the relation of the heights of the buildings to the size of the quadrangles make what would be undistinguished buildings judged on their detail, into something distinguished". The 19th-century antiquarian Rowley Lascelles, however, described the ogee gables as "dismal" and called for them to be cut down into "battlements" (crenellations) to match those on the hall bay window; he went further, saying that "this whole College requires to be gothicised, as it is called; that is, mannered into the pointed style. It is a good subject for it".
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Etal Castle was built around 1341 by Robert Manners in the village of Etal, after Robert was granted a licence to crenellate by King Edward III in order to defend the location against the Scots.; The Manners family had owned the manor since at least 1232. Residential tower (left), showing the lighter sandstone used in the upper levels, and the gatehouse (right) The earliest part of the castle was its residential tower. This tower may have been built around 1341 on the site of an older, unfortified house owned by the family on the same site, incorporating part of the structure into the new, crenellated tower. Alternatively, the central tower may have been built at some point between the late 13th and early 14th centuries, complete with crenellations, in which case the licence from Edward III served only to allow Manners to extend the perimeter fortifications.
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Although small circular windows (oculi) within triangular tympana were common on the west facades of Italian Romanesque churches, this was probably the first example of a rose window within a square frame, which was to become a dominant feature of the Gothic facades of northern France (soon to be imitated at Chartres Cathedral and many others).William Chester Jordan, A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the thirteenth century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009) Chapters 2–7. The overall design of the façade has an obvious resemblance to a Roman city gatehouse (an impression strengthened by the buttresses and by the crenellations around the top), which helps to emphasise the traditional notion of great churches as earthly embodiments of the Heavenly City, as described in the Book of Ezekiel. The many influential features of the new façade include the tall, thin statues of Old Testament prophets and kings attached to columns (jamb figures) flanking the portals (destroyed in 1771 but recorded in Montfaucon's drawings).
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URC Church, Wonersh Stained Glass at St John the Baptist church Blackheath, Surrey Shamley Green – buildings including The Red Lion Inn Wonersh is situated in a gap between two steep hills in front of the Cranleigh Waters stream: Chinthurst Hill with wooded paths and land managed by Surrey Wildlife Trust which had a manor on it and now has a folly and a listed farm at its foot and; Barnett Hill which is the conference, wedding and meeting venue managed by Sunrise Group and was built in 1905 by Thomas Cook. In a meadow by this stream the Church of England church is called St John the Baptist which had tower crenellations added in 1751, has a 12th-century bell tower, 13th-century chancel, 15th-century north chapel and 1793 south aisle including transept. The ecclesiastical parish is joined with Blackheath and lies within the Guildford diocese.Wonersh Church There is also a United Reformed church which overlooks the village common.
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Although the bastions have often been ascribed to the Tudor period, there is no evidence to support this; archaeological investigations suggest that Legge's Mount dates from the reign of Edward I. Blocked battlements (also known as crenellations) in the south side of Legge's Mount are the only surviving medieval battlements at the Tower of London (the rest are Victorian replacements). A new moat was dug beyond the castle's new limits; it was originally deeper in the middle than it is today. With the addition of a new curtain wall, the old main entrance to the Tower of London was obscured and made redundant; a new entrance was created in the southwest corner of the external wall circuit. The complex consisted of an inner and an outer gatehouse and a barbican, which became known as the Lion Tower as it was associated with the animals as part of the Royal Menagerie since at least the 1330s.
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Built of brick on a stone foundation and featuring additional elements of stone, the First Unitarian Church is a Gothic Revival building. Pilasters divide the facade into three bay, with the doorway in the center, and the side is divided into five. The left bay of the facade, from the perspective of a viewer on the street, is occupied by the base of a square tower nearly twice the height of the rest of the building; while shorter windows in the tower and facade sit below similar second-story windows, and the side windows occupy the height of both stories, tall third- story windows are set near the top of the tower, and the pilasters on all four corners of the tower, similar to those on the rest of the building, are crowned with pointed pinnacles. The building's general shape is that of a front-gable rectangle, with small-size crenellations atop the edges, and the Gothic Revival style is typified by the ogive windows and doorways in the facade and side.
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Goodall, p. 14 An impression of its original appearance can be gleaned from an area in the north wall which has been excavated down to the still-intact foundations, revealing how it was once faced on both sides with small blocks of stone.Goodall, p. 15 The wall originally had a stepped appearance with at least two levels of steps on the interior face, though there is no surviving indication of how the garrison reached the top. At the top of the wall the remains of medieval crenellations can still be seen, which probably replaced Roman originals. The D-shaped towers along the curtain wall are similar to those of several other Saxon Shore forts, although their placement is somewhat unusual.Goodall, p. 18 Because the fort was partly surrounded by marshes and water, which provided natural defences, the Romans economised by only building towers on the more vulnerable north-eastern and far western sectors. The towers were probably used to mount artillery weapons such as catapults and heavy crossbows.Goodall, p.
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