525 Sentences With "court of first instance"

The decision by Hong Kong's Court of First Instance upheld a government policy prohibiting such unions.

"The court of first instance ... sentenced the three defendants to death," Ejei said in a weekly news conference.

Following the issuance by the Judge of the Athens Court of First Instance (the "Court") of a provisional order dated 15.11.

In 2018, a court of first instance sentenced Tali to jail and fined Saipem 400,000 euros while acquitting Eni and Scaroni.

The Brussels Court of First Instance said Belgium would start facing a daily fine if the woman was not repatriated in the time it set.

The woman, named "QT" in court documents, lost her case claiming discrimination based on sexual orientation in 2016 in Hong Kong's Court of First Instance.

Under Italian law the decision taken by the court of first instance can be appealed twice before the ruling is final and the jail sentence has to be served.

Related: Iran Is About to Execute Another 100 Prisoners for Drug Offenses "The court of first instance… sentenced the three defendants to death," Ejei said in a weekly news conference.

Next week the Court of First Instance will hear a judicial review application on whether it was lawful for the government to restrict access to Civic Square back in 2014.

The court of first instance in Algiers ordered Larbaoui to be detained, along with the head of state bank Banque Nationale d'Algerie (BNA) and two industry ministry officials, state radio reported.

As of October, the case was still under investigation and the four men were still in detention, Lim Bun Heng, a spokesman for Preah Sihanouk province's court of first instance told CNN.

The Court of First Instance of Hong Kong's High Court gave the two parties a series of deadlines to present their views and produce documents related to Elliott's unfair prejudice petition against BEA.

The Muscat Court of First Instance found Mamari and Balushi guilty on four charges, including undermining the prestige of the state, disturbing public order, misusing the internet, and publishing details of a personal status case.

Last week, the company obtained similar injunctions from the Sharjah Federal Court of First Instance in the United Arab Emirates and from the Commercial Division of the High Court of Justice in the British Virgin Islands.

In a statement late on Tuesday, Mediaset expressed satisfaction over the ruling, noting that the two managers had been cleared of the allegations by a court of first instance before the appeals court made its ruling in March.

"The Court of First Instance condemns PDVSA to cooperate on sale by ship owners of the cargo oil... to the best possible terms, including as high a price as possible," said the order dated July 7 and seen this week.

But the lower Court of First Instance sided with the Hong Kong Immigration Department in finding the overseas concept of "spouses" – which QT's lawyers argued should be broader than the wedlock between a man and woman – did not apply to Hong Kong.

An English high court order blocked Dana from making dividend payments earlier this month unless it also set aside money to redeem the sukuk, although this was subsequently contradicted by the Federal Court of First Instance in the emirate of Sharjah, where Dana is headquartered.

The Court of First Instance said in September the paper had undermined the prestige of the state and disturbed public order, ordering it be closed indefinitely and jailing three of its journalists, following a series of reports in 2016 over alleged cases of corruption within the judiciary.

The filings stem from a lawsuit filed in early 2015 by Ecuador's Banco del Austro (BDA) in Hong Kong against the web of companies that received or handled more than $9 million in stolen funds, bank records submitted to the territory's Court of First Instance show.

On Monday, the SFC said it had commenced the legal proceedings against Li and four directors in the Court of First Instance because they had failed to question a series transactions in which Hanergy sold solar panel systems to its Beijing-based parent, Hanergy Holdings Group and its affiliates, even though these deals were not in Hanergy's best interests.

There is a Court of First Instance for each Judicial Arrondissement.

Oriental Press Group Ltd. (1998)Secretary for Justice v. Oriental Press Group Ltd. [1998] HKCFI 564, [1998] H.K.C. 627 at para. 48, Court of First Instance (Hong Kong). by the Court of First Instance of Hong Kong.

The High Court Division can hear a case or suit as Court of first instance.

The court would have two divisions: a court of first instance and a court of appeal. The court of appeal and the registry would have their seats in Luxembourg, while the central division of the court of first instance would have its seat in Paris. The central division would have thematic branches in London and Munich. The court of first instance may further have local and regional divisions in all member states that wish to set up such divisions.

Yeung sat as a Deputy Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court of Hong Kong for periods in 2013, 2018 and 2019. On 29 July 2019, Yeung was appointed a Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court of Hong Kong.

A trial court or court of first instance is a court having original jurisdiction, in which trials take place.

Judge G. P. Muttrie of the Hong Kong Court of First Instance ruled in Wong's favour in September 2006.

At the end of his leave he was appointed deputy judge at the court of first instance of Coquilhatville on 14 December 1910. He reached Boma on 13 January 1911 and in rapid succession was appointed substitute for the state prosecutor at the court of first instance of Boma and the Matadi territorial court (14 January 1911), then deputy state prosecutor at the court of first instance of Boma (13 February 1911). holding these offices concurrently. He had to deal with the Arnold case, a scandal.

Superior Court of Puerto Rico. Court of First Instance. Ponce, Puerto Rico. As a result, Sol Meliá withdrew its application.

He was then named to the Court of First Instance of Nueva Ecija in 1938. In 1945, he was appointed by President Sergio Osmena to the Court of First Instance of Rizal and Bataan.Justices of the Supreme Court, pp. 22 In June 1945, President Osmena named Pablo to the Supreme Court as an Associate Justice.

Parliament Hall inside Parliament House, Edinburgh The Court of Session is the supreme civil court. It is both a court of first instance and a court of appeal, and sits exclusively in Parliament House in Edinburgh. The court of first instance is known as the Outer House, the court of appeal the Inner House.

He subsequently entered public service as justice of the peace and judge of the Court of First Instance in the province.

The consequences were low self-esteem, loneliness, and sense of marginalisation. (Court of First Instance, para. 6) During the proceedings, Mr Leung challenged four provisions in the Crimes Ordinance infringing his constitutional rights to equality and privacy. After hearing the oral argument in July 2005, the Court of First Instance of the High Court handed down the judgment a month later.

Gulf- Law.com The emirate's judicial courts comprise the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal, and the Court of Cassation. The Court of First Instance consists of the Civil Court, which hears all civil claims; the Criminal Court, which hears claims originating from police complaints; and Sharia Court, which is responsible for matters between Muslims. Non-Muslims do not appear before the Sharia Court.

23 An appeal can be lodged to the Court of Appeal within 14 days of the decision of the Court of First Instance to refuse leave.Rules of the High Court (Cap. 4A), Order 53, rule 3(4) The appellant should file with the Court of Appeal a notice of appeal, Form CALL-1, the order/judgment of the Court of First Instance and all the documents placed before the Judge of the Court of First Instance. If the appellant wishes to make submissions, they should be contained in a skeleton argument (not an affidavit) submitted with the appeal bundle., reported at [2017] 6 HKC 293, at para.

On October 3, 1938, he was appointed Judge of the Court of First Instance of Cebu, 3rd Branch. He also served as a judge in Davao.

The Supreme Court has three chambers: one for criminal, civil, and special matters. Normally, the Supreme Court is the highest appellate court in the country, for both criminal and civil law cases. For some cases, for example, crimes against the state, it is the court of first instance. When the Supreme Court is the court of first instance, its decision is always final and cannot be appealed or challenged.

Involved in cases of corruption and embezzlement, the investigating judge at the Tunis Court of First Instance ordered, on 1 December 2011, his ban on leaving Tunisian territory.

After five years and several appeals to the Court of First Instance and the Court of Justice, the principle was settled: mixed Groups would not be allowed to exist.

The High Court is the only court in the island which exercises the jurisdiction of the court of first instance and the appellate jurisdiction with both civil and criminal jurisdiction.

The Court has jurisdiction to retry the cases heard by the Tribunale as a Court of first instance and is divided into three or more divisions: labor, civil, and criminal.

On 28 November 2013, the civil court of first instance of Paris ordered French internet service providers to block 16 video streaming websites for copyright infringement: dpstream.tv, fifostream.tv, allostreaming.com, alloshowtv.

He was appointed a High Court judge in 1979 and subsequently a judge of the Court of First Instance of the Court of Justice of the European Communities in 1989.

According to the verdict of the Kozluk Criminal Court of First Instance, Kıvanç Ağaoğlu has been found guilty of deliberate murder and sentenced to 16 years and 8 months of imprisonment.

After graduating in law at the Law Faculty of the University of Tirana, Ina Rama began her career as assistant judge at the Court of First Instance, Durrës (1996-1999). Later (2001-2002) was a judge in the ASM internship period at the Court of First Instance, Durrës. Upon completion of the ASM (2002), which was ranked first, she started working as a judge in the Court of First Instance, Lushnjë, where she worked until the end of 2004. In January 2005 she started working as a judge in the Court of Appeals for serious crimes, and in April 2005 as a member of the Electoral College, positions in which she worked until November 2007, when she was appointed as the General Prosecutor.

He was the Head of Chambers of Temple Chambers in Hong Kong prior to his judicial appointment. He was appointed by the Hong Kong Judiciary as Recorder of the Court of First Instance of the High Court in December 2000. In December 2001, Ma became a Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court. In 2002, Ma was elevated to the position of Justice of Appeal of the Court of Appeal of the High Court.

Fok was appointed a Recorder of the Court of First Instance of the High Court from 2003 to 2009. He joined the Judiciary as a Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court on 1 February 2010. Fok was appointed a Justice of Appeal of the Court of Appeal of the High Court on 1 February 2011. He was appointed a Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal in 2013, replacing Mr Justice Patrick Chan.

The High Court of Justiciary is the supreme criminal court. The High Court is both a court of first instance and also a court of appeal. As a court of first instance, the High Court sits mainly in the former Sheriff Court buildings in the Lawnmarket in Edinburgh, in dedicated premises at the Saltmarket in Glasgow, and also sits from time to time in various other places in Scotland. As a court of appeal, it sits only in Edinburgh.

Keith Yeung Kar-hung () is a Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court of Hong Kong, and was previously the 5th Director of Public Prosecutions of Hong Kong.

In February 2009, Kadi filed a new lawsuit with the EU General Court (formerly the Court of First Instance), challenging the EU's 28 November 2008 decision to renew his listing and assets freeze.

Lunn was appointed as a Recorder of the Court of First Instance of the High Court of Hong Kong in 2000."G.N. 7453", Hong Kong Government Gazette (No. 46, Vol. 4, 17 November 2001) He was appointed as a full-time Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court of Hong Kong in 2003. He was elevated to the Court of Appeal of Hong Kong in 2011 and became Vice President of the Court of Appeal in 2014.

The Arrondissement Court (, , ) in Belgium is a court which deals with disputes of competence between the Court of First Instance, the Commercial Court and the Labour Court of a judicial arrondissement. It consists of the Presidents of the Court of First Instance, the Commercial Court and the Labour Court. In principle, the decisions of the Arrondissement Court are not subject to appeal. Only the Prosecutor-General at the Court of Appeal can appeal against its decisions before the Court of Cassation.

Philippine American War - Arnaldo Dumindin On July 14, 1899, Bautista was elected to the position of president in Tarlac's Revolutionary Congress and was later appointed judge of the Court of First Instance of Pangasinan.

The Court of Session is the primary court of first instance in criminal cases in Pakistan, and most serious criminal cases are tried in it. The court also has limited civil and appellate jurisdiction.

611 ss. (In Italian only, the Community Court of First Instance, Community law, and international trade). L'incidenza del diritto comunitario sul diritto del lavoro in Italia, in Il foro italiano, 1989, IV, cc. 14 ss.

The judges of peace have competence to appreciate and to judge small actions regarding values that do not exceed the ceiling below which it is not possible to appeal from a court of first instance.

It has unlimited jurisdiction in both civil and criminal matters. It also exercises jurisdiction in admiralty, bankruptcy, company winding-up, family, adoption, probate and mental health matters. The most serious criminal offences, such as murder, manslaughter, rape, armed robbery, complex commercial frauds and drug offences involving large quantities, are tried by a judge of the Court of First Instance, sitting with a jury consisting of seven or, when a judge so orders, nine. There are approximately 42 Judges and Deputy Judges of the Court of First Instance.

In the 5. issue Beyoğlu 2. Criminal Court of First Instance decided to make the publication of the Book Series stopped with the reason that it was a periodical. Ürün Book Series was published 6 issues.

Segundo Singson was a lawyer, judge, and politician from Cebu, Philippines. He was Judge of the Court of First Instance during the American occupation and the former Vice Governor of the province of Cebu (1899–1900).

Andrew Chan Hing-wai (; born 1961) is a Hong Kong judge who hears and tries criminal cases. He has served as a Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court since August 2012.

Though the finding of unconstitutionality is not finally binding, as it was issued by a court of first instance, as of March 2018, no one has been successfully convicted in Greece for genocide denial under this law.

617 ss. Prospettive di evoluzione del Tribunale di primo grado delle Comunità europee, in Rivista di diritto europeo, 1992, p. 3 ss. (In Italian only, potential developments of the Court of First Instance of the European Communities).

Kintanar was involved in legal education being a professor of law at the Visayan Institute. He also became the Assistant Fiscal of the Court of First Instance in Negros Occidental, and then later he was appointed Judge.

The Outer House (abbreviated as CSOH in neutral citations) is one of the two parts of the Scottish Court of Session, which is the supreme civil court in Scotland. It is a court of first instance, although some statutory appeals are remitted to it by the other more senior part, the Inner House. Those appeals are made from the Sheriff court, the court of first instance for low value civil causes in the court system of Scotland. Judges in the Outer House are referred to as "Lord [name]" or "Lady [name]", or as Lord Ordinary.

The Outer House is a court of first instance, although some statutory appeals are remitted to it by the Inner House. Such appeals are originally referred from the sheriff courts, the court of first instance for civil causes in the court system of Scotland. Judges in the Outer House are referred to as Lord or Lady [name], or as Lord Ordinary. The Outer House is superficially similar to the High Court in England and Wales, and in this house judges sit singly—and with a jury of twelve in personal injury or defamation actions.

Elbinias entered the judiciary on January 30, 1976 as judge of the Court of First Instance in Palawan. He would later on be transferred to the Court of First Instance of Bulacan, and still later, reappointed as Regional Trial Judge in Makati City. On January 31, 1987, the former President Corazon Aquino appointed him as Associate Justice of the Court of Appeals. He served as Chairman of the Supreme Court E-Commerce Committee, and of the Technical Panel for Legal Education under the Commission on Higher Education (CHED).

Hartmann left the Legal Department and was appointed a District Judge in 1991. In 1998, Hartmann was appointed as a Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court of Hong Kong. From 1998 to 2000, Hartmann served as Chairman of the Insider Dealing Tribunal. From 2000 to 2008, Hartmann was Judge in charge of the Constitutional and Administrative Law List in the Court of First Instance of the High Court of Hong Kong. In 2008, Hartmann was appointed as a Justice of Appeal of the Court of Appeal.

Nedenes District Court () was a court of first instance under Agder Court of Appeal in Norway. The district court consisted of the municipalities of Arendal, Froland and Åmli, and was incorporated in Aust-Agder District Court from September 2004.

In September 2005, the EU Court of First Instance (General Court) denied Kadi's appeal, saying that compliance with EU law need not be considered because the UN Security Council has primacy. Kadi appealed to the EU Court of Justice.

The Judiciary of Puerto Rico is defined under the Constitution of Puerto Rico and consists of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, Court of Appeals, and the Court of First Instance consisting of the Superior Courts and the Municipal Courts.

On 22 May 2014 a court of first instance issued a motion in which Johnson and four other former directors of RTVV were charged with a complaint lodged by Compromís relating to €1.3 billion in accumulated losses and contractual irregularities.

The court is subordinate to the Hålogaland Court of Appeal. The court is led by the chief judge () Ingrid Johanne Lillevik. This court employs a chief judge, four other judges, and four prosecutors. The court is a court of first instance.

"We will turn this into an excursion, driving there in full buses." Father Samuel was acquitted, of charges of incitement to racial hatred. The Court of First Instance of Charleroi found no punishable acts according to the Belgian anti-discrimination.

In 2000, Pang was appointed a District Judge. He was subsequently appointed a Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court in 2009. He was made a Justice of Appeal of the Court of Appeal in 2015.

In the case of [T-102/96] Gencor Ltd v. Commission [1999] ECR II-753 the concentration between the two companies were regarded as incompatible with the EU Merger Control regulations. The EU Court of First Instance wrote that merger control is there "to avoid the establishment of market structures which may create or strengthen a dominant position and not need to control directly possible abuses of dominant positions." Based on the Court of First Instance (CFI) comment, the court ruled that it is within the commission's competence to block or accept mergers that exercise production outside Europe[1].

He was admitted to the bar in 1871 and was immediately appointed as the prosecuting fiscal of the Court of First Instance in the judicial district of Binondo, Manila. He had also served concurrently as the fiscal and the Secretary of the Relator de La Audiencia de Manila in the same judicial district from 1873 to 1879. He was named as fiscal of the province of Matanzas, Cuba but he decided to decline the position. He was appointed judge of the Court of First Instance of Ilocos Sur in 1888; he was later transferred to Pampanga in 1890.

Notable past winners include Godfrey Lam, currently a Judge of the Court of First Instance of the Hong Kong High Court , and Godwin Leung, a prominent cardiologist in Hong Kong. To date, 5 students were awarded the Hong Kong Outstanding Students Awards.

Proceedings are mostly conducted in Cantonese before a Presiding Officer. Legal representation is not allowed. Any party aggrieved may appeal on a point of law to the Court of First Instance. There are approximately 8 Presiding Officers, including one Principal Presiding Officer.

Until recently, the Supreme Court also had exclusive jurisdiction for every judicial review procedure in Cypriot administrative law. From late 2015, a special administrative court of first instance will be instituted in order to alleviate the Supreme Court of the large bulk of cases.

The Attorney General then appealed this decision of the British Columbia Court of Appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada who released their decision on September 21, 2012. They dismissed the appeal enabling the case to once again proceed in the court of first instance.

I was a witness to many threats made against him.” In 2008, three years after his assassination, Fidan was bizarrely sentenced to nine months in prison by the 1st Criminal Court of First Instance of Antalya for “talking in Kurdish” during an election campaign.

January 2018. Claims under the human rights laws are of a civil nature. They are typically investigated by a human rights commission under the applicable human rights law and are adjudicated either by a human rights tribunal or by the court of first instance.

Zoido passed the Judiciary competitive examinations in 1983 and was first posted as First Instance and Inquiry Judge of the Arrecife District in Lanzarote. A year later he was promoted and posted as First Instance and Inquiry Judge in the Utrera district. In 1987 he is promoted to magistrate and posted to San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife) as titular Judge of the 3rd Court of First Instance and Inquiry of that district. He returned to Andalucía in 1987 being posted a titular judge of the 7th Court of First Instance (family affairs) of Seville, in 1989 he changed his court to th 7th Criminal Court of the same district.

Marc Fonbaustier started at the Ministry of European and Foreign Affairs as a scribe for the Legal Affairs Department, in charge of issues such as nuclear energy,Order of the President of the Court of First Instance of 22 December 1995., European Court reports 1995 Page II-03051Case T-219/95 R (French Nuclear Tests) - Order of the President of the Court of First Instance of 22 December 1995 Case T-219/95 R, Globelaw.com, 22 December 1995 outer-space affairs, the Channel tunnel and other trans-boundaries issues. In 1996, he was nominated a national expert of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs in position at the European Commission.

On 5 October 1999, Jean-Claude Martinez MEP and Charles de Gaulle MEP lodged two appeals with the Court of First Instance. The first one (Case T-222/99R) was based on Article 242 of the EC Treaty and was intended to suspend the enforcement of the act of 14 September 1999. The second one (Case T-222/99) was based on Article 230 of the EC Treaty and was intended to annul the act of 14 September 1999. The first appeal (Case T-222/99R) was upheld, and the act of 14 September 1999 was suspended by the Court of First Instance on 25 November 1999.

The court is led by the chief judge () Unni Sandbukt. This court employs a chief judge and nine other judges. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy.

The Correctional Court consists of the correctional chambers of the Court of First Instance. Each correctional chamber consists of one or of three judges. The Correctional Court deals with misdemeanors and has appellate jurisdiction over decisions of the police tribunal. It also deals with correctionalised felonies.

The judiciary of Puerto Rico consists of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, Court of Appeals, and the Court of First Instance consisting of the Superior Courts and the Municipal Courts. The Supreme Court, the commonwealth's highest court, holds its sessions in San Juan's Miramar district.

In 2001, she was appointed as a Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court."G.N. 2763" Hong Kong Government Gazette (No. 18, Vol. 5, 4 May 2001) In 2002, she was appointed as the Judge in charge of the Companies and Bankruptcy List.

Each court of first instance has a law judge and a substitute judge. The judge decides alone in all civil cases and in most criminal cases. Only intentional crimes against life are judged by jury. The judges of the courts are nominated after a selection process.

The Supreme Court was from 1976 made up of the High Court of Justice (High Court) and the Court of Appeal. On 1 July 1997, the Supreme Court became the High Court which is made up of the Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeal.

The court is led by the chief judge () Anne Marie Aarrestad. This court employs a chief judge, ten other judges, and five prosecutors as well as other administrative assistants. Jæren District Court has seven courtrooms and eleven judges. The court is a court of first instance.

However, the appeal court rejected the Commission ruling that an independent monitoring trustee should have unlimited access to internal company organization in the future.Microsoft loses anti-trust appeal. BBC News, 17 September 2007Judgment of the court of first instance (Grand Chamber), Case T-201/04 . 17 September 2007, Luxembourg.

Each court of first instance has a judge and may have a substitute judge. The judge decides alone in civil cases and most of the criminal cases, except that a jury has jurisdiction over willful crimes against life (murder or attempted murder, infanticide, abortion and suicide instigation or auxiliation).

He was the acting Governor when Julio Llorente, the governor of the province of Cebu appointed by the Americans, was called by General Elwell Stephen Otis in Manila and served as a magistrate in the Supreme Court. He was then appointed judge of the Court of First Instance.

She worked as a judge at the Court of First Instance of the European Communities (now General Court) from 7 July 2004 to 6 October 2006 and was an Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Union from 7 October 2006 to 28 November 2012.

The court is led by the chief judge () Hans Edvard Roll. This court employs a chief judge, one other judge, and two prosecutors. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy.

Any association may be declared in the prefecture as an association of worship under the law of December 9, 1905, the Republic does not recognize any religion. The prefect may nevertheless initiate subsequent action for annulment with the Court of First Instance, if the association pursues an unlawful purpose.

During his term as governor, he was responsible for the construction of the concrete provincial jail building which survived the destructive blows of World War II. The building also housed the Court of First Instance. He also appropriated funds to fast-track the building of roads and bridges linking the remote towns and municipalities to then provincial capital Cabanatuan. He successively served as provincial fiscal in the province of Zambales in 1913, Tarlac from 1913 to 1914, Cavite in 1914, Rizal from 1914 to 1916, Samar from 1916-1917, Albay from 1917 to 1924, and Leyte from 1924 to 1927. He was promoted to judge of the Court of First Instance of Leyte on January 1, 1927.

Khaled El Hamedi carried out his grief and demanded that NATO to be held accountable for the annihilation of his entire family, in October 2011 Khaled submitted a case to the Brussels Court of First Instance demanding that the Court rules that NATO was to be held responsible for the killing of his family during the attack on his house in June 2011. NATO declined the jurisdiction of the Belgian Courts and invoked the immunity granted in the 1951 Otawa agreement that established NATO. The Belgian government however decided to intervene in the case to speak on behalf of NATO. In October 2012 the Court of First Instance upheld NATO’s immunity and dismissed the demand of Khaled El Hamedi.

In 1995, Yeung was appointed as a Judge of the High Court of Justice (known as the Court of First Instance of the High Court after the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997). Yeung was elevated to the Court of Appeal on 6 May 2002, along with fellow Court of First Instance judge Maria Yuen. In 2007, Yeung took over as Chairman of the Commission of Inquiry investigating alleged government interference into academic freedom at the Hong Kong Institute of Education after Mr Justice Woo Kwok-hing recused himself to avoid the appearance of partiality. Yeung was appointed because, unlike Woo, he was not acquainted with either Arthur Li or Fanny Law.

The Court of Appeal of the High Court of Hong Kong is the second most senior court in the Hong Kong legal system. It deals with appeals on all civil and criminal cases from the Court of First Instance and the District Court. It is one of two courts that makes up the High Court of Hong Kong (which was formerly known as the Supreme Court of Hong Kong). Sometimes criminal appeals from Magistrates' Courts with general public importance are also dealt with in the Court of Appeal, either by referral by a single judge from the Court of First Instance, or upon granting of leave on application for review by the Secretary for Justice.

In the Netherlands, presiding judges of either sex are, in writing only, addressed edelachtbare ("Your Honour") for judges in the Court of First Instance, edelgrootachtbare ("Your Great Honour") for justices in the Court of Appeal and edelhoogachtbare ("Your High Honour") for justices in the High Council of the Netherlands (Supreme Court).

In 2013, Louboutin filed a trademark infringement claim of the Benelux trademark against Dr. Adams. The Court of First Instance of Brussels declared the trademark however invalid. That decision was overturned by the Brussels Court of Appeal, who forbade the sale of shoes with a red sole by Dr. Adams.

', and even shouted bullshit at the judge during the court case. On 29 April 2010, the conviction was quashed by Court of First Instance Judge Darryl Gordon Saw. Judge Saw ruled that the medical reports did not support Lip's testimony but did support Leung's. Leung was cleared of all charges.

They heard appeals brought on cases heard in lower courts. The Department of Cassation, in criminal cases, was also the court of first instance for the most serious crimes. In 1877, within the Senate, the Disciplinary Commission for judges was established. The Regulations also provided for an extraordinary Supreme Criminal Court.

President Fontaine announced that the Court of First Instance had declared against the appeal and that the disbandment was back in effect from October 2, 2001, the date of the declaration. TGI appeared on the list of Political Groups in the European Parliament for the last time on October 4, 2001.

Portugal is now divided in 23 larger comarcas, all of them having, each one, a single generic competence judicial court of first instance. Each judicial court is divided in several specialized sections. The judicial courts of second instance and some specialized courts of first instance have jurisdiction over several comarcas.

A year later, he became a magistrate of the Court of First Instance. He was the unyielding prosecutor in the sensational case of the assassination of the left-wing member of Parliament (and ‘doctor of the poor’) Grigoris Lambrakis, committed on 22 May 1963 in Thessaloniki by right- wing extremists.

The Court of Quebec () is a court of first instance in the Province of Quebec, Canada. The court has jurisdiction over civil matters, criminal and penal matters as well as over youth matters The court sits in administrative matters as well, and in appeal, on cases provided for by the law.

On appeal, the Board of Revenue, applying a "totality of facts" approach, ruled that Goepfert was liable for tax only for the salary earned during that part of the year in which he was in Hong Kong. The Commissioner appealed the Board's ruling to the Hong Kong Court of First Instance.

"Fighting to stay" . The Standard Retrieved 10 October 2011 An appeal was made to the Court of Appeal of the High Court, which overturned the judgment of the Court of First Instance. The plaintiffs then appealed to the Court of Final Appeal, which ruled against them in a unanimous judgment.

Around this time, Van Dievoet became a judge at the Court of First Instance of Brussels and a member of the Board of Discipline for lawyers at the Court of Cassation. In 1842, he moved a new home at No. 24 Rue Neuve, which he bought from the Hausmann-Hirsch family.

The court is led by the chief judge () Terje Mowatt. This court employs a chief judge, eight other judges, and eleven prosecutors. The court was established on 1 July 2017 upon the merger two other courts: Fjordane District Court and Sogn District Court. The court is a court of first instance.

Parties may appoint counsel or solicitors to appear before the Tribunal or, as is often the case, they may appear in person. The tribunal has a President who is a Judge of the Court of First Instance. There are currently two Presiding Officers who are District Judges, and three members.

In appellate review, error typically refers to mistakes made by a trial court or some other court of first instance in applying the law in a particular legal case. This may involve such mistakes as improper admission of evidence, inappropriate instructions to the jury, or applying the wrong standard of proof.

Between 1819 and 1877 the Court of First Instance resided in the south of the Cathedral grounds, a site currently situated by the Post Office. In 1885, in the building in which the current Hilton hotel is located, Frenchman Adolphe Kileman started a department store, named the Grand Bazar du Bon Marché.

Belgian judicial hierarchy (2018). Court building of the tribunal of first instance of Dendermonde. Palace of Justice in Antwerp, where (amongst others) the tribunal of first instance of the city is located. The Court of First Instance (, , ) in Belgium consists of three divisions: the Civil Court, the Correctional Court and the Juvenile Court.

The administrative courts in Sweden () are the court of first instance for the general administrative courts in Sweden. The next instance are the administrative courts of appeal (). The administrative courts handle numerous types of cases relating to disputes between private persons and the authorities. There are 12 administrative courts spread across Sweden.

The judicial system, whether state or federal, begins with a court of first instance, whose work may be reviewed by an appellate court, and then ends at the court of last resort, which may review the work of the lower courts.Public Services Department. INTRODUCTION TO THE COURT SYSTEM . Syracuse University College of Law.

A complaint was made by a member of parliament, and a criminal investigation concerning Berthelot was opened in Belgium in 1999. In June 2004, the Chambre du conseil of the Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles (Court of First Instance, Brussels) decided that no further action should be taken in the case.

In 1848, Souper was appointed Registrar of the Court of First Instance on Mauritius. He was Registrar of the Supreme Court there, from 1852. In 1857 he was appointed collector of internal revenue on Mauritius. This position gave a seat on the Mauritius Council, ex officio, as well as position as vendue master.

Although patents are granted without a substantial examination, the court is competent to decide issues regarding validity, in addition to (amongst others) disputes regarding infringement, ownership and licenses. One decision (, of the Court of First Instance of Aruba) regarding an Aruban patent is published at the case law database of the Dutch judiciary.

Justice Ben Duala Ekoko (December 15, 1949June 7, 2009) was the Attorney General of the Southwest Region (Cameroon) between 2001 and 2004, and worked as one of the Inspector Generals at the Inspectorate of Judicial services at the Ministry of Justice of Cameroon from 2004 till his death in an automobile accident on June 7, 2009. Justice Ekoko completed his secondary school education at the Presbyterian Secondary School in Kumba, and later attended the Cameroonian School of Administration and Magistracy. Upon his graduation, he was sent to Kumba as the Deputy State Counsel. He was later transferred to Limbe, Cameroon as the President of the Court of First Instance, and later to Kumba as the President of the Court of First Instance.

The Norwegian legal system is a mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; the Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations. The regular courts include the Supreme Court (Høyesterett) with 18 permanent judges and a president, courts of appeal (court of second instance in most cases), city and county courts (court of first instance in most cases), and conciliation councils (court of first instance in most civil- code cases). Judges attached to the regular courts are appointed by the King in council after nomination by the Ministry of Justice. The special High Court of the Realm (Riksrett) hears impeachment cases against members of the Government, Parliament, or Supreme Court.

Goldaş has been involved in several major financial disputes since 2008. In March 2008, Société Générale filed suit against Goldaş for not returning a large consignment of gold.en.wikipedia.org Missing consignment of gold by Goldaş Retrieved 2011-01-05 In September 2009, Bank of Nova Scotia and Commerzbank filed suits against Goldaş for US$10.9 million and US$11.1 million, respectively.www.hurriyetdailynews.com Goldaş in deep trouble Retrieved 2011-01-05 In April 2013, a judgment from the Bakırköy Commercial Court of First Instance in Istanbul had been made in favor of Commerzbank to force the bankruptcy of Goldaş; they announced their plans to appeal the verdict while still engaged with Bank of Nova Scotia in the Istanbul Anatolia Commercial Court of First Instance.

Charles-Gérard Eyschen (2 June 1800 – 28 September 1859) was a Luxembourgish politician and jurist. An Orangist,Mersch (1953), p. 81 Eyschen served in the cabinet of Charles-Mathias Simons as Director-General for Justice. Born in Baschleiden in 1800,Mersch (1953), p. 78 Eyschen became a lawyer. In 1826, he earned his doctorate in law from the University of Liège, and in 1829, he obtained a doctorate in philosophy, also at Liège.Mersch (1953), p. 79 He became a judge on the Court of First Instance in Diekirch, but resigned the following year, when he moved to Luxembourg City.Mersch (1953), p. 80 He returned to the judiciary in 1832, becoming judge on the Court of First Instance in Luxembourg City.

Elisabeth Dior Fall Sow (born 1968) is a Senegalese jurist and legal scholar.PORTRAIT: Me Dior Fall Sow, une pionnière toujours aux aguets, Thiey Dakar, 24 November 2017. Accessed 10 March 2020. She was the first female prosecutor in Senegal, appointed to the Republic at the Court of First Instance of Saint-Louis in 1976.

Skinner's Case became a constitutionally important dispute between the House of Lords and the House of Commons over the question of any original jurisdiction of the former house in civil suits (whether a possible court of first instance). Through royal intervention, it was determined and became custom that such jurisdiction was to be avoided.

In September 2006 the Belgian Association of Newspaper Editors sued Google and obtained an injunctive order from the Belgian Court of First Instance that Google must stop deep linking to Belgian newspapers without paying royalties, or else pay a fine of €1 million daily. Many newspaper columns were critical of the Belgian newspapers' position.

Commissioner of Inland Revenue v George Andrew Goepfert,Commissioner of Inland Revenue v George Andrew Goepfert, [1987] HKCFI 100; HCIA5/1986; 2 HKTC 210 (10 April 1987), Hong Kong Court of First Instance also known as the Goepfert case, is a leading Hong Kong tax case, affecting jurisprudence relating to the territory's salaries tax.

Fosen District Court The court is led by the acting chief judge () Leif Otto Østerbø. This court employs a chief judge, two other judges, and several prosecutors and administrators. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy.

Vasilakos was born in Piraeus, Greece. His father Michael Vasilakos was from the Mani region and served in the army. He was the oldest of three siblings and at age fourteen his father died. As a young man he studied law at the University of Athens and worked in the Athens court of first instance.

Sunnhordland District Court () is a district court in Sunnhordland in Vestland county, Norway. The court is based in the town of Leirvik in Stord Municipality. The court has jurisdiction over the municipalities of Bømlo, Fitjar, Kvinnherad, Stord, Sveio, and Tysnes and it is subordinate to the Gulating Court of Appeal. The court is a court of first instance.

Mireille Ndiaye was a senior Senegalese judge of German and Togolese origin. Ndiaye served as first deputy judge at the Dakar Court of First Instance, then a general attorney at the Dakar Court of Appeal, general attorney at the Supreme Court, then cumulatively President of the Criminal Chamber of the Senegalese Court of Cassation and general inspector courts.

In 1965, the member states established Luxembourg City as the permanent seat of the Court. Future judicial bodies (Court of First Instance and Civil Service Tribunal) would also be based in the city. The decision was confirmed by the European Council at Edinburgh in 1992. However, there was no reference to future bodies being in Luxembourg City.

The court of first instance convicted Aides Haute-Garonne. The first court of appeal, the Court of Toulouse, upheld the conviction. In February 2006, the Supreme Court of Appeal annulled the conviction. In 2006, the satirical weekly Charlie Hebdo released a special issue which featured cartoons pertinent to Islam, including some from the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten.

The court of first instance decided that the article constituted a defamation of Catholics. The first court of appeal disagreed. The Supreme Court of Appeal held that the first court of appeal had made an error, and referred the matter back to that court. The first court of appeal then held Giniewski liable for defaming Catholics.

Sogn District Court () was a district court located in Sogndalsfjøra, Norway. On 1 July 2017, it was merged with the Fjordane District Court to form the new Sogn og Fjordane District Court. The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy.

On 10 December 2019, the Court of Appeal refused to suspend the "unconstitutional" ruling by the Court of First Instance on the anti-mask regulation. As scheduled, a full hearing will commence on 9 January 2020. On 9 April 2020, the court ruled that the ERO, insofar as occasions of public danger are concerned, is constitutional and therefore valid.

Fjordane District Court () was a district court located in Førde, Norway. On 1 July 2017, it was merged with the Sogn District Court to form the new Sogn og Fjordane District Court. The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy.

This court employs a chief judge, one other judge, and four prosecutors. The court was established on 11 July 1919 when the Alstahaug District Court was divided into two. Originally, this court was named (Southern Helgeland District Court), and it was renamed to its present name in 2002. The court is a court of first instance.

Parties may authorise a representative (other than a lawyer) to appear in court. Any party aggrieved by the decision of an Adjudicator may appeal on a point of law to the Court of First Instance. There are approximately nine Adjudicators, including a Principal Adjudicator. The Small Claims Tribunal is situated at West Kowloon Law Courts Building.

From then on to 1906, he would serve several provinces in the Philippines—this time in the official capacity as fiscal and judge of the court of first instance (from the Report of the Philippine Commission to the US Secretary of War 1901). A career judge, he worked closely with former Philippine Commonwealth president Manuel Quezon in the province of Tayabas, where Bartolome was Court of First Instance judge and Quezon was its governor. It is presumed that Manuel Quezon had invited Bartolome Revilla to leave the judiciary and run for the legislative branch. Both men were previously members of the Philippine Revolutionary Army under Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and later on were party mates in the Partido Nacional Progresista, prior to the 1907 elections for the Philippine Assembly.

The Royal Court Table () of Zagreb was the main court of first instance in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia between 1850 and 1918. The Habsburg Monarchy reorganized its judiciary in 1850 when the Tabula Banalis (Ban's Table) became the appellate court for all courts in Croatia and Slavonia, including the Land Court ('), renamed to the Royal County Court Table (') in 1862, and finally the Royal Court Table according to the Organization of Courts of the First Instance Act dated November 21, 1874. It was the court of first instance with criminal and major civil jurisdiction, while the subordinate courts from the area of central Croatia used it as an appellate court until 1850. From 1862 the supreme court of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was the Table of Seven (Croatian: Stol sedmorice).

That decision is under appeal. The Director withdrew the deportation order on 26 February 1999. However, the Director also appealed to the Court of First Instance. Justice Brian Keith found the impugned provisions to be consistent with the Basic Law and made an order of certiorari quashing the Registration of Persons Tribunal's order that Muhammad be issued with a permanent identity card.

Nowadays, in Brazil, Portugal, and some other countries of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the comarca is the basic territorial division in the judicial system. It corresponds to the territorial area of jurisdiction of a court of first instance. The comarca may correspond to a municipality or group several small municipalities together. Presently, in Brazil, there are 2,680 comarcas.

Charles Sumner Lobingier (1866 – 1956) was an American jurist who served as a judge of the Philippine Court of First Instance (now the Regional Trial Court) from 1904 to 1914 and as Judge of the United States Court for China in Shanghai from 1914 to 1924. He was also the author of a number of books on international and comparative law.

The prosecutor can appeal all judgements issued by the Court of first instance — this means that a not-guilty verdict can be appealed and overturned too -. The Court of Appeals can hand down a more serious penalty than the Court of instance. Only when the defendant alone has appealed the judgement, the Court of Appeals cannot issue a more serious sentence.

The Legislative Council, in the same motion for An Autumn's Tale case, urged the Broadcasting Authority to withdraw its decision. Following a successful lawsuit by the gay man depicted in the documentary, the Court of First Instance made an order of certiorari to quash the admonition of the Authority, and further declared that the Authority had no power to revisit its determination.

The magistracy was classified as the lowest court that handled indictable and summary offences. It was made up of a Juvenile Court, four Magistrates' courts and government offices. Minor offences such as traffic conviction, littering and juvenile offences were treated in the Special Magistrates and Juvenile Court respectively. Solemn cases were usually transferred to the District Courts or the Court of First Instance.

This court employs a chief judge, six other judges, and nine prosecutors. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

The appeal was dismissed by the Court of First Instance on 12 December 2006 and Chan was immediately jailed. On 3 January 2007, he was released pending appeal to the Court of Final Appeal on 9 May 2007. In 2008 and 2009, an unidentified woman and man were arrested for illegally uploading files with BitTorrent in September 2008 and April 2009, respectively.

A Sessions Court or even known as the Court of Sessions Judge is a court of law which exists in several Commonwealth countries. A Court of Session is the highest criminal court in a district and the court of first instance for trying serious offences i.e. those carrying punishment of imprisonment of more than seven years, life imprisonment, or death.

This court employs a chief judge, three other judges, and five prosecutors. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

Poon Siu-tung, also known as Tony Poon, reported at [2019] 3 HKLRD 455, at para. 11 (; born 1967) is a Hong Kong judge. He has served as a Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court since January 2019. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the Society of Rehabilitation and Crime Prevention of Hong Kong.

This court employs a chief judge, seven other judges, and several prosecutors. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

This court employs a chief judge and three other judges. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

This court employs a chief judge, two other judges and three prosecutors. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

Yuen was called to the Bar in Inner Temple in England and the Hong Kong Bar in 1977. She was a barrister in private practice at Temple Chambers. She was Honorary Secretary of the Hong Kong Bar Association from 1983 to 1984. In 1997, Yuen joined the bench as a Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court.

Haderer is the author of an illustrated, humorous book entitled The Life of Jesus. The prosecutor contended that the book's depiction of Jesus as a hippie was blasphemous. On 13 April 2005, the Court of Appeal of Athens, reversed the judgment of the Court of First Instance, and acquitted Haderer. Greece complements its laws against blasphemy with laws against "religious insult".

Each state territory is divided into judicial districts named comarcas, which are composed of one or more municipalities. The 27 Courts of Justice have their headquarters in the capital of each State and have jurisdiction only over their State territories. The Federal District only presents the federal-level judicial branch. Each comarca has at least one trial court, a court of first instance.

On the basis that he should have had the right to defend himself, Rožman's 1946 conviction was overturned by the Slovenian Supreme Court in 2007 and his case sent to the court of first instance for retrial. On 10 April 2009, the trial was terminated in light of the defendant's death.Grgič, Jožica. "Prekop škofa Rožmana, življenje in časi", Delo, 12 April 2013.

Khair became a member of the Sudanese judiciary in the early 1980s. She worked in the Court of Appeal, the Court of First Instance, and became a judge of the Supreme Court. Khair founded the Sudanese Judges Club as an organisation independent from government. Khair ruled against the al-Bashir government in 2016 in a case involving the Anglican church.

On 23 April 1886 he decreed that the seat of the court of first instance of Bas-Congo would be at Banana. At first maritime navigation was concentrated in Banana since Boma was thought to be inaccessible to heavy vessels. Banana was the main port from which goods produced in the colony were exported to Europe, and where export duties were collected.

Accepted general principles of European Union Law include fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity. In Case T-74/00 Artegodan, the General Court (then Court of First Instance) appeared willing to extrapolate from the limited provision for the precautionary principle in environmental policy in Article 191(2) TFEU to a general principle of EU law.

This court employs a chief judge and two other judges. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

This court employs a chief judge, one other judge, and two prosecutors. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

This court employs a chief judge, two other judges, and two prosecutors. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

The Labour Court (, , ) in Belgium is a court which deals in first instance with disputes between employers and employees and disputes regarding social security. There is a Labour Court in each Judicial Arrondissement of Belgium. It is not a division of the Court of First Instance. The decisions of the Labour Court can be appealed against to the Court of Labour (, , ).

This court employs a chief judge, one other judge, and three prosecutors. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

This court employs a chief judge and three other judges. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

This court employs a chief judge, two other judges, and three prosecutors. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

The pope appoints the auditors of the Rota and designates one of them the dean.Pastor Bonus art. 127. On Saturday, September 22, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation as dean, for reasons of age, of Bishop Antoni Stankiewicz, and appointed in his place Msgr. Pio Vito Pinto, until then serving as a prelate auditor of the Court of First Instance.

This court employs a chief judge, another judge and four prosecutors. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

These cases include crimes against the state. When it is the court of first instance, the court's decision is always final and cannot be appealed or challenged, which is considered an impediment on the right to a fair trial. Trials of foreigners are always held in the Supreme Court. A probable reason for this is to decide such cases quickly.

This court employs a chief judge, 18 other judges, and 24 prosecutors. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

Admiralty It hears appeals on civil and criminal matters from the Court of First Instance and the District Court, as well as appeals from the Lands Tribunal. It also makes rulings on questions of law referred to it by the lower courts. There are 10 Justices of Appeal, including the Chief Judge of the High Court and three Vice-Presidents.

The Chief Judge heads the High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (), which deals with criminal and civil cases that have risen beyond the lower courts. While the High Court consists of the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance, the Chief Judge himself generally only presides over appellate cases in the Court of Appeal, usually together with two other Justices of Appeal. The Chief Judge also sits alone in the Court of First Instance to hear contested applications for the ad hoc admission of overseas counsel to the Hong Kong Bar.For example, , reported at [2017] 1 HKLRD 1226 In accordance with the Basic Law, the Chief Judge is appointed by the Chief Executive based on the recommendation of the Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission (JORC), and made official after receiving approval from the Legislative Council.

Dungpas were administrative executives that reported directly to the Dzongkhag administration. The Dungpa was empowered to attend the meetings of the Gewog Tshogdes as a non-voting member. In addition to administrative functions, Dungkhag Courts were codified under the Judicial Act of 2007 and Constitution of 2008 as a court of first instance within the judicial system of Bhutan. These courts are subordinate to Dzongkhag Courts.

The court building ("the rusty Palais" opened in 1972) was already too small, and some of the translators were working in prefabricated huts. Through quiet persistence with judges, staff, community institutions and national governments, the president ensured that the work got done, a new building was planned and the foundations were laid for a new court structure, involving the creation of a Court of First Instance.

The courthouse Inderøy District Court () was a district court serving the municipalities of Steinkjer, Inderøy, Snåsa, Mosvik, Verran, and Namdalseid in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It was a court of first instance and cases decided here could be appealed to the Frostating Court of Appeal. While the court is named for the neighboring municipality of Inderøy, the court was located in the town of Steinkjer.

A judiciary organization reform implemented in Portugal in 2014 reduced the number of comarcas from 231 to 23. According to the new judicial division of 2015, Angola will be again subdivided into 60 comarcas, each with a court of first instance. The courts of comarca will replace the previous provincial and municipal courts. Comarca is also the name of a suburb of Luanda, the capital of Angola.

During the main trial in the court of first instance, Berik Akhmetov contributed 70 million tenge to the government's reserve. 360 million tenge was contributed by the director of Trade House StalZinc LLP. After the verdict, another 1 billion and 825 million tenge were paid off by Serik's friends. In total, the state was compensated for damage in the amount of 2.2 billion tenge.

The judges divide their time approximately equally between criminal cases and civil cases. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

On February 16, 1901, he served as prosecuting fiscal of Pangasinan and then judge of the Court of First Instance of the sixth judicial district, which was composed of Cavite, Laguna, and Tayabas. He then was appointed as Solicitor General from July 17, 1906 to July 1, 1908 and appointed as Attorney General of the Philippines from July 1, 1908 to June 30, 1914.

The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court are heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.

She began her career as the Jean Monnet Professor of European Union law at Trinity College Dublin. She then worked in Luxembourg as référendaire to Donal Barrington at the Court of First Instance. In 1996 she was appointed by the European Commission Representation in Ireland to provide legal advice on people's EU law rights. She was called to the Bar in 1994 and commenced practice in 1996.

Then for about a year the dispute slumbered, but it was renewed in 1669, when Charles II advised the two Houses to stop all proceedings and to erase all mention of the case from their records. This was done and since this time the House of Lords has tacitly abandoned all claim to original jurisdiction (be a court of first instance) in civil suits.

In the article, Giniewski criticizes the Pope, and states that "Catholic doctrine abetted the conception and the realization of Auschwitz". A Catholic organization initiated criminal proceedings on the ground that the article was an insult to a group because of its religion. The court of first instance convicted the newspaper, but the first court of appeal annulled the conviction. The Catholic organization launched a civil action.

M-V 1993, p. 594. Since 8 June 2012, the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court is also responsible for the territory of the Land Schleswig-Holstein as a court of first instance in state protection criminal matters.Art. 1 of Staatsvertrag zwischen dem Land Schleswig-Holstein und der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg über die Zuständigkeit des Hanseatischen Oberlandesgerichts Hamburg in Staatsschutz-Strafsachen, HmbGVBl. 2012, p. 196.

District (city) court is established in districts, towns (except the towns of district subordination) and city districts of Azerbaijan. As a court of first instance, district (city) courts deal with civil, criminal, administrative and other disputes within their jurisdiction determined by law. The courts are composed of the President of the Court and judges. The vice-President is appointed if number of judges exceed 11.

The case was subsequently re-heard before Woo VP, Le Pichon JA and Chung J in . A Judge of the Court of First Instance may also sit as a Judge in the Court of Appeal,High Court Ordinance (Cap. 4), Section 5(2) including as a single Judge (for example, when determining applications for leave to appeal in criminal cases).Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap.

The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court are heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.

Vilenas Vadapalas (born 1954) is a Lithuanian lawyer. He became the first representative of Lithuania at the Court of First Instance (now called the General Court) of the European Union, when he was appointed in 2004. Vadapalas specializes in the fields of public international law, law of the European Union, and international human rights law. Vadapalas graduated from the Law Faculty of Vilnius University.

The courthouse was built in 1997 for the old Inderøy District Court, and in 2010 there was a addition built to accommodate the new court. The court has seven judges and eleven clerks. The presiding judge of the court is currently Odd Arve Bartnes. The court is a court of first instance which also handles probate cases, estate settlements (joint property, bankruptcy, etc.), and notarial transactions.

He was also the first Director of the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes from 1920 to 1921. In 1921, Teofisto Guingona Sr. was appointed Senator for the 12th Senatorial District comprising Mindanao and Sulu. In 1924–1930, he was the chief of the legal department of Levy Hermanos, Inc. In 1930–1931, Teofisto Guingona Sr. served as the Judge of the Court of First Instance.

The High Court was established by the High Court Ordinance (Chapter 4, formerly titled the Supreme Court Ordinance), as the "Supreme Court of Hong Kong". It was renamed the "High Court" by Article 81 of the Basic Law of Hong Kong. It consists of the Court of Appeal and Court of First Instance (formally "The High Court of Justice"), both are superior courts of record.

Thanou-Christophilou first entered the judiciary in 1975, and became the President of the Court of First Instance in 1992. She became an appellate judge in 1996 and subsequently President of the Appeals Court in 2005. In 2008, she became a judge in the Court of Cassation aone of Greece's three supreme courts. Since 2009, Thanou- Christophilou has taught civil law at the National School of Judges in Greece.

The Courts of Justice of Thailand is the largest of the court system and makes up the majority of courts in the kingdom. The courts as mandated in the constitution are composed of three tiers: the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeals, and the Supreme Court of Justice of Thailand. There are no verbatim transcripts kept by the trial court. The court record is composed of the courts decision.

The Inner House will sit as a court of first instance in respect of special cases, where the facts are not disputed but where a significant legal difficulty has arisen. Such a case may be appealed to another panel of the Inner House, but constituted with a greater number of Senators than the initial panel. Further appeals are also possible to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.

Some newspapers are online only. A case between the French national union of journalists and Le Figaro newspaper was heard on 14 April 1999 by the Court of First Instance in Paris. Le Figaro had created a website where articles by the journalists could be consulted online. The court ruled that although the printed newspaper was a collective work, the rights of the journalists concerning their articles had been infringed.

He contributed theatre reviews to the Courrier de Lyon and wrote for the Journal du Rhône, directed by his father. In 1849 he became a magistrate as substitute for the Court of First Instance of Lyon. On 2 June 1851 Grandperret married Alexandrine Emanuelle Félicie Martin (1826–1872) at Saint-Jean-le-Vieux, Ain. Their children were Louis Charles Emmanuel Grandperret (1852–1890) and Charles Antoine Grandperret (1856–1931).

The Fourth Lateran Council confirmed this in 1215. In 1517, Pope Leo X prohibited, in ', the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Hermann of Wied, as ', to summon, to a court of first instance in Cologne, Philip of Burgundy, his treasurer, and his ecclesiastical and secular subjects. John Mason Neale explained that Leo X only confirmed a right of the Church but Leo X's confirmation "was providential" in respect to the future schism.

Before applying for judicial review, a person must first obtain the leave of the Court of First Instance of the High Court by filing Form 86 (together with an affidavit verifying the relevant facts and the filing fee of HK$1,045).High Court Ordinance (Cap. 4), Section 21K(3)Rules of the High Court (Cap. 4A), Order 53, rule 3Practice Direction SL3, paragraphs 12-13High Court Fees Rules (Cap.

On 5 May 2009, the court of first instance of Rhodes ruled the marriages were invalid, but the couples appealed the ruling. A hearing on the case by the Court of Appeal of Dodecanese was held on 14 January 2011 and the decision came out on 14 April 2011. It also ruled that the two marriages were invalid. On 30 November 2017, this ruling was upheld by the Supreme Court.

The law provides for the right to a fair trial, and an independent judiciary generally enforced this right. National and regional prosecutors investigate crimes, formulate charges, and prosecute cases. Three- judge panels form the court of first instance. The process is oral and adversarial; trials are public; defendants have the right to be present and consult with an attorney in a timely manner; and judges rule on guilt and dictate sentences.

The criminal procedural law provides for the right to a fair trial and an independent judiciary generally enforced this right. National and regional prosecutors investigate crimes, formulate charges, and prosecute cases. Three-judge panels form the court of first instance; the process is oral and adversarial, trials are public, and judges rule on guilt and dictate sentences. Court records, rulings, and findings were generally accessible to the public.

On 7 August 2007, Tunisia, without warning Suha, revoked her citizenship but not her daughter's. Suha claimed her Tunisian property was also frozen. On 31 October 2011, the Tunis Court of First Instance issued an international arrest warrant for Suha, relating to corruption in a business deal that involved the former Tunisian first lady, Leila Ben Ali, in 2006. Initially, Suha proclaimed her complete cooperation with the Tunisian prosecutors.

In his novel Nader tot U ("Nearer to Thee"), Reve describes the narrator's sexual intercourse with God, who is incarnated in a donkey. The court of first instance convicted Reve, but he appealed. In April 1968, an appeals court quashed the conviction. This effectively made the Dutch blasphemy law dead letter. In November 2008, Justice Minister Ernst Hirsch Ballin expressed the country's coalition government's intent to repeal Article 147.

However, when Napoleon returned during the Hundred Days of 1815, he accepted the position of President of the Court of First Instance of the Seine. He was elected on 14 May 1815 to represent the arrondissement of Gex in the Chamber of Deputies, and was a zealous supporter of the imperial cause. Around this time he married Mlle Sivard de Beaulieu, grandniece of the prince Lebrun, Duke of Plaisance.

The High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, consists of the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance; it deals with criminal and civil cases which have risen beyond the lower courts. It is a superior court of recordHigh Court Ordinance (Cap. 4), Section 12(1) of unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction.High Court Ordinance (Cap. 4), Section 3(2), reported at [2018] 2 HKLRD 273, at para.

More important cases are tried before a plenary session of judges if the Chief Justice decides. In cases involving senior government officials, a court of appeals may serve as the court of first instance. The judges of the Courts of Appeal are appointed by the President, on the basis of a draft decision presented by the government. In all types of cases, any party may appeal to the Court of Appeal.

The municipality of Gulen joined Nordhordland District Court which was based in the neighboring Hordaland county.Fjordane tingrett Historie The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court included death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

Pedro María Sison (1885–1938) was a Senator of the Philippines, Judge of the Court of First Instance; a statesman and philanthropist. He was a delegate to the Philippine Constitutional Convention of 1935. Sison was born in Urdaneta, Pangasinan on 18 January 1885. His father was Pedro Sison Jr. and his mother Eusebia Macasieb. In 1896, at age 11 he joined his father in fighting the Spaniards during the Philippine revolution.

It could not be ruled out of the possibility of self-immolation. The possibility emerged of a murder-suicide by arson. In addition, Su Mingcheng also broke the news on October 11, 2013, when guiding a group of mainland tourists. During the tour, in the Hualien City a sexual assault on a female occurred, and the Hualien District Court of First Instance sentenced him to 5 years in prison.

There was also established in Maasin a Court of First Instance, then known as the Promoter Fiscal, where all minor administrative and other cases from Palompon to Hinunangan were heard. During the Spanish colonization, the province was sparsely populated. The continued raiding of Moro slaves discouraged the province from growing and developing. However, in the 19th century immigrants from adjacent provinces like Bohol and Cebu populated the area.

Zappelli followed studies in law, at the University of Fribourg, where in 1986 he earned the Swiss equivalent of a bachelor's degree in law. In 1989, he earned a seat at the Geneva Bar. He served as Deputy Attorney General in Geneva under as from 1996, whereupon in 2000 he became a judge at the Court of First Instance of the Geneva State Court of Justice in January 2000.

The court was originally just the civil and criminal court for the city of Bergen. In 2006, it was merged with the Bergen byfogdembete (city attorney's office) which added the authority for bankruptcy, probate, property and other types of cases. Then on 1 January 2017, the Nordhordland District Court was merged with it, vastly expanding the area of its jurisdiction. The court is a court of first instance.

A Principal Magistrate is in charge of each magistracy. The Chief Magistrate, whose chamber is at the Kowloon City Law Courts Building, oversees the work of all magistracies. The most junior judicial role is that of Special Magistrate, typically dealing only with minor offences such as hawking contraventions, traffic offences and other departmental summonses. Appeals against Magistrates’ decisions are heard by a Judge of the Court of First Instance.

Many complex commercial cases are prosecuted in the District Court rather than before a jury in the High Court. In 2009, Lily Chiang, former chairwoman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, lost an application to have her case transferred from the District Court to the High Court for a jury trial. Justice Wright in the Court of First Instance held that there was no absolute right to a trial by jury and that the "decision as to whether an indictable offence be tried in the Court of First Instance by a judge and jury or in the District Court by a judge alone is the prerogative of the Secretary for Justice." Chiang issued a statement at the time saying "she was disappointed with the judgment because she has been deprived of a jury trial, an opportunity to be judged by her fellow citizens and the constitutional benefit protected by the Basic Law".

Magbanua's date of birth is variously reported as 13 October 1863, 13 October, 1868, or 4 November 1871. She was born in Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines, to affluent parents. Don Juan Magbanua, a judge, sat on the Court of First Instance in Iloilo City, while Doña Alejandra Ferraris was the daughter of Captain Benito Ferraris. Teresa was the Magbanua's second child, joining her sisters María and Paz, and younger brothers Manuel, Pascual and Elias.

On 1 January 2017, the Nordhordland District Court was merged into the Bergen District Court creating the largest district court in Norway. The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

Chong filed suit against the Director of Immigration in the Court of First Instance, claiming to be a permanent resident with the right of abode under BL 24(2)(1). Gladys Li represented Chong, while Joseph Fok represented the Director of Immigration. On 24 December 1999, Judge Frank Stock of the CFI ruled in Chong's favour, stating that the provision of the IO in question derogated from his rights under BL 24(2)(1).

Antena 3 was fined €215,000 by the Court of first instance of Brussels for repeatedly misusing fake photos of a homicide to illustrate what the channel presented as Moroccan police brutality at Gdim Izig (Laayoune) in Western Sahara. The pictures in fact showed bodies of victims of a quadruple homicide in Casablanca. The Rachidi family whose relatives' photos have been "repeatedly misused in bad faith" is still awaiting for "a public apology" from Antena 3.

CMU Administration Building. In 1958, President Carlos Garcia, on recommendation of the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources, issued Proclamation No. 476 granting CMU 3,401 hectares of land. The titling of land began as early as 1961 before the Court of First Instance of Bukidnon to determine the rights of adverse claimants, if there were any. By June 19, 1965, R.A. 4498 catapulted MAC to the Central Mindanao University with Montemayor as the first President.

In 1897 he organised a literary congress in Ghent. His legal career led to an appointment as a magistrate in the court of first instance in Kortrijk in 1894, where he met Guido Gezelle. In 1899 he was appointed to the court in Ghent, and in 1901 became public prosecutor in Dendermonde. From 1907 to 1910 he was acting public prosecutor in Ghent, and in 1911 was appointed to the Mixed Courts of Egypt.

From 1979 to 1984, he was at the Court of Justice of the European Union as rapporteur of the Advocate General. From 1989 to 1995, he was Judge at the Court of First Instance (now the General Court of the European Union), serving as its Presiding Justice from 1995 to 1998. In March 1998, he was designated Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Union, an office he holds until 2000.

The Courts of Justice of Thailand (ศาลยุติธรรม) is the largest of the court systems and makes up the majority of courts in the kingdom. The courts as mandated in the constitution consists of three tiers: the court of first instance (ศาลชั้นต้น), the court of appeals (ศาลอุทธรณ์), and the court of last resort, that is, the Supreme Court of Thailand (ศาลฎีกา). The current president of the Supreme Court of Justice is Veerapol Tungsuwan.

In a provisional judgment, the judge decided that the child would have to spend part of the summer vacation with the father. Traoré ignored this legal judgment. Next the Brussels court of first instance granted the father the child's main residence while deciding that parental authority would remain joint, and that custody would be shared. For her part, Traoré filed three complaints against Goossens, whom she accuses of sexually touching heir daughter.

Mengue worked as a deputy public prosecutor in Sangmélima and Douala between 1982 and 1987. In 1990, she became President of the Court of First Instance in Yaoundé and then in 1992 Vice President of the Court of Appeal. In 1998 she became a Counsellor of the Supreme Court of Cameroon. In 2001, she was one of sixty four judges nominated as a permanent judge of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.

" In February 1378 Blasius and ser Lucas de Bona had appointed two Venetians and a Ragusan" page 408 and members of the family were still living in the city in the 19th century.Dubrovnik Under French Rule (1810–1814) by Stjepan Cosic/ hrcak.srce.hr/file/12648. "Court of First Instance in Dubrovnik, over which Niko Pozza presided.In Dubrovnik, Ston, and Cavtat, Ivan Bona, Frano Liepopilli, and Nikola Facenda operated as justices of the peace" (page 113).

In the Court of First Instance of the High Court, Judge Anderson Chow refused the applications for leave to apply for judicial review by his decision dated 27 September 2017 and 18 April 2018. He refused the applications for interim relief by his decision dated 14 August 2018. He granted the applications for leave to apply for judicial review but dismissed the substantive applications for judicial review by his judgment dated 13 December 2018.

In 1985, he was appointed magistrate and became a district judge in 1987. In 1997, he became a judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court. Pang served as member of the Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission from 27 January 2000 to 30 June 2001, in place of the Hon. Mr Justice Gerald Paul Nazareth upon his retirement; he was also the Returning Officer of the Chief Executive election of 2002.

Text on the drawing has a white bishop telling a black bishop that Christ would have used a condom. A Catholic organization complained that the drawing insulted a group of people because of their religion. In November 2005, the court of first instance acquitted Libération. In May 2006, a higher court confirmed the decision of the lower court. In May 2007, the Supreme Court of Appeal confirmed the decisions of the lower courts.

In 2003, Mars registered the shape of the Bounty bar as a trademark in the European Union. This was appealed by Ludwig Schokolade, a German confectionery company. In 2009, the European Court of First Instance in Luxembourg upheld the appeal, stating "The allegedly distinctive characteristics, namely the rounded ends of the bar and the three arrows or chevrons on top of it, cannot be sufficiently distinguished from other shapes commonly used for chocolate bars".

Bouanane was charged by the prosecution with two counts of murder with terrorist intent and eight counts of attempted murder with terrorist intent on 27 February 2018. According to the relevant authorities, the defendant had been acting compos mentis and was therefore competent to stand trial. The case came before the district court of Southwest Finland, the court of first instance under whose jurisdiction Turku comes. The preliminary hearing began on 20 March.

In 1991, Stock sat as a Deputy High Court Judge. In 1992, Stock was appointed as a full-time judge of the High Court of Justice of the Supreme Court (which became the Court of First Instance of the High Court on 1 July 1997). From 1993 to 1995, he was Chairman of the Insider Dealing Tribunal. He was Judge in charge of the Constitutional and Administrative Law List from 1999 to 2000.

In late 2008, Hotel Meliá Inc., a century-old family-owned hotel in Ponce, Puerto Rico, filed a complaint against Sol Meliá in the Court of First Instance after he attempted to register the name "Meliá" with the Puerto Rico Department of State asserting that Hotel Meliá Inc. "had the sole right to use the Meliá mark in connection with hotel and restaurant services throughout Puerto Rico."Civil No. 09-1188, Docket No. 1-1.

The Supreme Court of North Korea, officially the Central Court, is the supreme court and the highest organ in the judiciary of North Korea. The Supreme Court is accountable to the Supreme People's Assembly (SPA). The SPA elects its justices, and the SPA Presidium its chief justices and jurors. Normally, the Supreme Court serves as the highest appellate court in North Korea, but in certain legal cases it is the court of first instance.

Dubai and Ras Al Khaimah have two independent legal systems. For instance, Dubai's court system three stages: The Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal, and the Court of Cassation. Generally speaking, Dubai and Ras Al Khaimah courts consider local disputes concerning property and domestic disputes. However, it can also enforce foreign judgments, arbitration awards, and awards from other tribunals such as the dispute resolution bodies within the Free Zones & Special Economic Zones.

The Senior Courts of England and Wales is the highest court of first instance as well as an appellate court. The three divisions are the Court of Appeal; the High Court of Justice and the Crown Court. Minor cases are heard by the Magistrates' Courts or the County Court. In 2007 the Wales and Cheshire Region (known as the Wales and Cheshire Circuit before 2005) came to an end when Cheshire was attached to the North-Western England Region.

The court of first instance said that that was a dishonest attempt to obtain an exemption from the liability to pay the excess. On appeal, it was argued that this was an attempt to induce the creditor to forgo payment of part under section 2(1)(b). The Court of Appeal held that although this illustrated the overlap between section 2(1)(b) and section 2(1)(c), it did not make liability under section 2(1)(c) wrong.

He gave evidence to committees of the European Parliament, most recently to the Internal Market Committee (expert report and oral evidence), and to the House of Lords on EU matters. He advised the Netherlands Government on certain aspects of the Maastricht Treaty during the Netherlands Presidency. He was also an advisor to the European Ombudsman. He practises law and pleads before the European General Court (formerly known as the Court of First Instance) and the European Court of Justice.

In 2007, Comilang requested leave to seek judicial review against the Immigration Department's order, but Judge Michael Hartmann of the Court of First Instance denied leave. Comilang later applied to the Commissioner of Registration for issuance of an identity card, as well as for permission from the Director of Immigration to extend her stay in Hong Kong, but was refused both times. She appealed to the Registration of Persons Tribunal, which ruled against her in June 2010.

When he was five years old, he began to study at the Escuela Normal. He finished with the qualification maestro de ascenso. Then, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts at Colegio de San Juan de Letran. He later took law at the University of Santo Tomas, and worked for some time as a clerk in the Court of First Instance at Binondo, but then he decided to quit the course when the Philippine Revolution broke out in August 1896.

The administrative courts of appeal in Sweden () is the second tier for the general administrative courts in Sweden. The next and final instance is the Supreme Administrative Court (). There are four administrative courts of appeal, and they mostly handle cases and other judicial issues that have already been dealt with by the lower courts. In addition to this, they also act as court of first instance in cases related to the principle of public access to official records.

Switching political party to Nacionalista Party, he won the elections and served as representative of the same district for the 2nd National Assembly from January 24, 1939 to December 16, 1941. He worked as Judge of the Court of First Instance in the province of Bohol, which was the Eight Judicial District. On September 24, 1943, the Department of Justice granted him the authority to hold court in Cebu City and in the province of Cebu.

Four appeals against the results of the Sabha election resulted in the election being declared invalid in a judicial ruling. In early November 2019, Judge Ibrahim Mahfouz in the Court of First Instance of Sabha overturned three of the appeals. A single judicial circuit can only consider three appeals on a case in the Libyan judicial system, whose top body is the Supreme Judicial Council of Libya, which remained unified during the Second Libyan Civil War.

Later he was justice of the peace and judge of the Court of First Instance (Primera Instancia). He was also a member of the provincial government and was appointed to the Visayas reform council in 1898 and became the president of the Chamber of deputies. Luzuriaga acted as an intermediary for the surrender of the Spaniards to the revolutionary forces in Bacólod on November 6, 1898. In addition, he was subsequently elected president of the temporary government of Negros.

Fitto in February 2013 was sentenced by the Court of first instance (Tribunale di Primo Grado, the first grade) to four years in prison and five years' disqualification from public office; the sentence was commuted to 1 year. Fitto in September 2015 was acquitted of all charges by the Court of second instance (Corte d'Appello, the second grade). Fitto in June 2017 was acquitted of all charges by the Supreme Court of Cassation (Corte di Cassazione, the final grade).

Diallo began her career as an investigating judge at the Mopti Court of First Instance in 1971. In 1985, she was the first woman appointed as a justice of the peace with extended jurisdiction in Bougouni. Diallo served as chair of the Judicial section of the Supreme Court. She was appointed President of the Supreme Court of Mali by President Amadou Toumani Touré in May 2006, beginning her term on 20 July, the first woman to hold the position.

A Catholic organization complained that the billboard insulted a group of people because of their religion. The court of first instance convicted Girbaud, and ordered the billboard removed. In April 2005, a higher court upheld the conviction. In November 2006, the Supreme Court of Appeal annulled the conviction.Marithé & François Girbaud: Last supper On 25 April 2005, the daily newspaper Libération published a depiction of Christ—naked except for a big condom—on a cloud above a gathering of bishops.

In June 1902, Governor-General of the Philippines William Howard Taft appointed Pope to a judgeship on the Court of First Instance, Philippine Islands. Pope established a friendship with Taft during his service there. He returned to the United States in July 1903, and in October was appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt as an associate justice of the New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court. Pope was elevated to Chief Justice in 1910, and served in that capacity until 1912.

The year after, he registered at the bar of the court of first instance of Diekirch. In 1831 he was a delegate for Diekirch at the Belgian National Congress in Brussels, and helped to draft the new Belgian constitution. In 1836-1837 he was a member of the provincial council, and in 1841 became a member of the Assembly of Estates. In 1843-1848 he was a member of the cabinet and in 1848 of the Constituent Assembly.

From 1901 to 1904, Odlin was a judge of the Court of First Instance in Manila in the then-U.S. controlled Philippine Islands, reportedly the first court to be created in the Philippines under U.S. rule. Odlin then returned to private practice, participating in several cases before the United States Supreme Court. In 1921, President Warren G. Harding selected Odlin to serve as Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico.

In 2011, McWalters was appointed a Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court of Hong Kong. As he was the DPP in the Department of Justice prior to the appointment, he could not, for six months after joining the Judiciary, deal with any criminal trials or appeals or any civil cases involving the Government. In 2014, he was appointed Justice of Appeal of the Court of Appeal of the High Court of Hong Kong.

In addition to his functions as territorial administrator he was deputy judge of the district court and auxiliary judge at the Court of First Instance in Coquilhatville. During World War II (1939–1945) Belgium was invaded on 10 May 1940. Between then and 20 April 1947 De Jaegher took only three short leaves totalling nine months, two in South Africa and one in Kivu. On 1 July 1942 De Jaegher was promoted to senior territorial administrator.

On the other hand, administrative law, criminal law and ecclesiastical law remained outside its control. It was the court of first instance only for members of the Wettin princely house, schriftsässig lords of manors, universities, schriftsässig cities and the holders of important honours and offices, so only these people had direct access to the court. For the majority of Saxons, it was an appellate court. In 1822, the Oberhofgericht lost its role as an appellate court.

Potocki served as a judge in the Court of First Instance of the European Communities from 1995 to 2001. From 2002 to 2006, he acted as Vice-President of the Council of Europe's European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice. From 2005, Potocki was a judge at the Cour of Cassation, France's highest court. Previously, he had been President of one of the Paris Court of Appeal's chambers after having been a judge of that court.

The Court of Assize (', also called a Court of Sessions) sits in each of the departments of France with original and appellate jurisdiction over ', or serious felonies. As a court of first instance, it is normally composed of 3 judges and 9 jurors, but in some cases involving terrorism and the illegal drug trade the court may sit as 3 judges alone. When it sits as a court of appeal, it is composed of 3 judges.

Legal aid is available for civil proceedings in the District Court, the Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeal (both part of the High Court), and the Court of Final Appeal. It also covers proceedings in some tribunals and certain Coroner's Court cases. An applicant must satisfy both a 'means test' and a 'merits test'. For the means test, a person whose total financial resources do not exceed $155,800 may be granted legal aid.

The Court of First Instance began the first hearing on 4 August 2014, with both Chau and Tse as the defendants. The initial jury of seven was reduced to six during the first week of testimony. Soon after, another jury member asked for dismissal due to the psychological stress burdening him. On 13 August 2014, High Court Deputy Judge Michael Stuart-Moore announced that the case would have to be restarted with a fresh jury of nine.

In 2007, Ercan Öksüz and Oktay Candemir, journalists working for the Dicle News Agency, interviewed 94-year-old living eyewitness Kakil Erdem and published the interview with the title "Zilan Katliamı'nın Tanığı Konuştu" (Witness of Zilan Massacre Talks). The Van 2nd Criminal Court of First Instance tried the journalists for "inciting hatred and hostility"."2008 Raporu: TCK madde 125 - 220 Davaları", TİHV raporları, Retrieved September 10, 2010. In 2009, each of them received a prison sentence of 18 months.

The served as the court of first instance for minor disputes of the nobles and as the appeal instance for village courts and patrimonial courts (). From the beginning of their existence, the noble judges were the real representatives of county autonomy. They were elected by the congregatio generalis (see below) and were not only judges, but also political administrators of their respective processus districts (see below). They formed the core of the newly arising class of squires.

Joseph Houessou Gnonlonfoun (born 1943) is a Beninese politician and diplomat. Gnonlonfoun was born in Porto Novo and was educated locally and abroad. He was an associate of Albert Tévoédjrè and chaired his political party Ensemble National. Gnonlonfoun was the vice-president of the Cotonou Court of First Instance between 1970 and 1970 and substitute member of the Superior Council of Magistracy in 1973. Between 1980 and 1982 he was a political prisoner in military camps.

The Court of First Instance confirmed this decision and agreed that 'BABY-DRY' "merely conveyed to consumers the intended purpose of the goods but exhibited no additional feature to render the sign distinctive." In reversing the Court of First Instance, the ECJ first noted that Article 7(1) and Article 12 of Regulation No. 40/94 should be read together and adopted a very narrow interpretation of descriptiveness in evaluating the suitability of registered marks. Procter & Gamble claimed that marks composed of signs or indications satisfying that definition [of descriptiveness] should not be refused registration unless they lack additional signs and indications, and the purely descriptive signs or indications of which they are composed are not presented or configured in a manner that distinguishes the resultant whole from the usual way of designating the goods or services concerned, or their essential characteristics. Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (OHIM) said that descriptiveness must be determined not only in relation to each word taken separately but also in relation to the goods.

Exceptions are issues where the Supreme Court is the court of first instance. Such cases include an application for a retrial of a criminal case in the light of new evidence, and prosecutions made against an incumbent minister of the Government for severe neglect of duty. If a lower court has to try a case which involves a question where there is no settled interpretation of the law, it can also refer the question to the relevant Supreme Court for an answer.

In 2004 he became a member of the "Ad hoc committee on judicial training" at the Academy of European Law, Trier, Germany. He was a judge at the European Court of First Instance from 25 September 1989 and its president from 4 March 1998 to 17 September 2007. Vesterdorf has been Commander 1st Degree of the Danish Royal Order of the Dannebrog since 20 June 2006. On 1 November 2007 he was appointed Senior Legal Consultant at Plesner Law Firm in Copenhagen.

Istanbul State Security Court 3 had dealt with the allegation that the foundation supported members of illegal organizations. In 2003 the Court had acquitted them and in 2004 the Court of Cassation had confirmed the acquittal. Relating to the accusation in the press that the gendarmerie was in possession of a report on the subject the foundation had opened a case for compensation and on 16 March 2010 Ankara Civil Court of First Instance 17 had ruled in favour of the demand.

After this, Abelardo Ramos cried out, "Let us die fighting them!" Evangelista attempted to continue his speech when the PC arrested him and Ramos. The assembled crowd then tried to advance on the constabulary but were forcibly dispersed by peace officers. Based on these events, the Manila Court of First Instance, on September 14, 1931, passed a decision declaring both the PKP and KAP as illegal organization, and sentencing twenty communist leaders of eight years and one day of banishment to the provinces.

Tren Urbano at Bayamón Station Bayamón station is the final stop for the Tren Urbano, with three of its stops located within the city. The Deportivo train station, located off the PR-2 Highway, is near the Santa Rosa Mall, the Bayamón Court of First Instance and the Onofre Carballeira Sports Complex, where the Juan Ramón Loubriel Football Stadium is located. The city also has a trolley service with regular routes in Downtown Bayamón. There are 77 bridges in Bayamón.

Villa's tart poetic style was considered too aggressive at that time. In 1929 he published Man Songs, a series of erotic poems, which the administrators in UP found too bold and was even fined Philippine peso for obscenity by the Manila Court of First Instance. In that same year, Villa won Best Story of the Year from Philippine Free Press magazine for Mir-I-Nisa. He also received P1,000 prize money, which he used to migrate to the United States.

Arendal Courthouse Aust-Agder District Court () is a court of first instance under Agder Court of Appeal in Norway. The former district courts of Holt, Nedenes and Sand was incorporated in Aust-Agder District Court from September 2004. The court is located in Arendal in Aust-Agder county and covers the municipalities of Grimstad, Arendal, Froland, Åmli, Tvedestrand, Vegarshei, Risør and Gjerstad.District Courts of NorwayAust-Agder District Court Other municipalities in the county of Aust-Agder are covered by Kristiansand District Court.

The Civil Procedure Rules of the courts of England and Wales came into force in 1999 and have provided for representative actions in limited circumstances (under Part 19.6). These have not been much used, with only two reported cases at the court of first instance in the first ten years after the Civil Procedure Rules took effect."Different class: UK representative actions suffer a setback". However, a sectoral mechanism was adopted by the Consumer Rights Act 2015, taking effect on October 1, 2015.

Between 1987 and 1991, Chan served as judge in District Courts, having been appointed a District Judge on 9 November 1987. In 1991, he was appointed Deputy Registrar of the Supreme Court. In 1992, he began serving as a Judge in the Court of First Instance of the High Court of Hong Kong. Chan was appointed the first Chief Judge of the High Court in 1997, when British colonial rule in Hong Kong ended and China resumed its sovereignty over the region.

Law No 16 allowed the DIFC Courts to hear any local or international cases and to resolve commercial disputes with the consent of all parties. The DIFC Courts are part of the sovereign structure of the Emirate of Dubai, within the UAE. Specifically, Dubai Law No.12 of 2004 Law No 12 ('Dubai Law No.12') is the governing statute which originally established the DIFC Judicial Authority (including the two DIFC Courts, the Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeal).

Councillors and legal scholars were added to the Chancellery to carry out these tasks. The Chancellery was mostly a court of appeals, but would also act a court of first instance in cases involving the nobility. During Anna's rule, the armed conflict with the Harlingerland flared up one more time, when Count John II "the Mad" of Harlingerland seized a strip of land at the Accumer Deep. Anna took her case to the Reichskammergericht and to the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle.

The Municipal Chamber of São Paulo, the municipal legislature of São Paulo city Palácio do Anhangabaú holds the municipal executive power of São Paulo. Brazil has no clear distinction between towns and cities (in effect, the Portuguese word cidade means both). The only possible difference is regarding the municipalities that have a court of first instance and those that do not. The former are called Sedes de Comarca (seats of a comarca, which is the territory under the rule of that court).

The High Court is situated in the capital Windhoek but may, at the discretion of the Judge President, hold its sessions elsewhere in the country. The High Court building in downtown Windhoek was inaugurated in 1960 and is undergoing renovations and expansions. The High Court exercises original jurisdiction. It can act both as a court of appeal and a court of first instance over civil and criminal prosecutions and in cases concerning the interpretation, implementation and preservation of the Constitution.

The Constitutional Court is primarily an appellate court, hearing appeals on constitutional matters from the Supreme Court of Appeal or in some cases directly from the High Courts. The Constitutional Court also occasionally acts as a court of first instance in certain cases involving the constitutionality of laws and government actions. There are also specialist superior courts with exclusive jurisdiction over certain matters; these include the Labour Court, the Labour Appeal Court, the Electoral Court and the Land Claims Court.

Peter Van Tu Nguyen (, ; 1 October 1943 – 16 June 2020), was a judge and Queen's Counsel from Hong Kong. Nguyen was born in Vietnam and moved to Hong Kong in 1948. He served as the Crown Prosecutor of Hong Kong between 1994 and 1997, and was the first Director of Public Prosecution of Asian descent in the territory. He went on to serve as a judge in the Court of First Instance of the territory's High Court in 1997 until retirement in 2008.

He was appointed Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court in 1992 and Justice of Appeal of the Court of Appeal of the High Court in 2000. He was a Justice of Appeal of the Court of Appeal of the High Court and was appointed vice-president of the Court of Appeal of the High Court in 2004. He officially retired from the judiciary in January 2011 but continued to serve as deputy judge until 2016.

The Supreme Court was established in 1964 from a merger of the Supreme Constitutional Court and the High Court. Although it can act as a court of first instance it is primarily an appeal court for both civil and criminal cases. As an appellate court the Supreme Court can review and re-examine all the evidence, request or admit other evidence and order cases to be reheard. It is composed of 13 judges, one of whom acts as the court president.

Győrkös' trial for murder, violence against an official person and keeping a firearm without permission began on 25 April 2018 in Szombathely. Győrkös was arraigned and pleaded not guilty to the murder of Pálvölgyi, but he admitted the illegal possession of weapons. Győrkös was sentenced to life imprisonment for murder by the court of first instance at Szombathely on 21 June 2019. An appeal court in Győr handed a life sentence to Győrkös for murdering a police officer on 11 December 2019.

In September 2008, he himself was detained on charges of being a member. He was interrogated by prosecutor Mehmet Ali Pekgüzel for nearly twelve hours, in reference to the Gülenist clique inside the police force, and the thwarting of the Ergenekon investigation in 2001. He shares a cell with Tuncay Özkan and his former detainee, Sedat Peker. The Fatih Second Criminal Court of First Instance sentenced Saçan to five months in prison on charges of taking confidential investigation documents into his own possession.

The Tribunal also exercises appellate jurisdiction over (i) determinations by the Commissioner of Rating and Valuation under the Rating Ordinance (Cap. 116); (ii) determinations by the Director of Lands under the Government Rent (Assessment and Collection) Ordinance (Cap. 515); and (iii) determinations by the Director of Housing under the Housing Ordinance (Cap. 283). In exercising its jurisdiction, the Tribunal has the same powers to grant remedies and relief, legal or equitable, as the Court of First Instance of the High Court.

In 2006 Yuen was appointed a Recorder of the Court of First Instance of the High Court, in which capacity he handled various civil litigations. He also became increasingly involved in public service: he served as a member of the Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission, Non-Official Member of the Independent Commission Against Corruption Advisory Committee on Corruption, the Chairman of the Transport Advisory Committee, and a Non-executive Director of Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Authority and Council Member of the Hong Kong Institute of Education.

There are twenty judicial districts (partidos judiciales), whose seats correspond to the municipalities of Alcalá de Henares, Alcobendas, Alcorcón, Aranjuez, Arganda del Rey, Collado Villalba, Colmenar Viejo, Coslada, Fuenlabrada, Getafe, Leganés, Madrid, Majadahonda, Móstoles, Navalcarnero, Parla, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Torrelaguna, Valdemoro and Valdaracete (the historical judicial district of San Martín de Valdeiglesias is no longer a judicial district as of 1985). These jurisdictions relate to the judicial administration, with their seat having at least one court of first instance.

In 1888, Ocampo was appointed court reporter of Manila. The following year he was promoted to public prosecutor in the court of first instance in Tondo, Manila. He later became defensor de oficio (public defender) and secretary of the Colegio de Abogados (Bar Association). While he was not an active supporter of the Revolution during its first phase, Ocampo was appointed member of the Malolos Congress, or formally known as the "National Assembly" of representatives was the constituent assembly of the First Philippine Republic.

The Civil Court consists of the civil chambers of the Court of First Instance. Each civil chamber consist of one or of three judges. The Civil Court deals in first instance with civil cases that exceed the competences of the justice of the peace, but it also hears appeals against decisions of justices of the peace in civil cases if the amount involved exceeds 1,240 euro. If the amount involved doesn't exceed this amount, no appeal against the decision of the justice of the peace is possible.

Guibord's widow, Henriette Brown, challenged the Church's refusal in the courts of Quebec. The court of first instance, the Superior Court, granted her request for an order compelling burial with ecclesiastical rites, but the church officials appealed to the Quebec Court of Review, which allowed the appeal and set aside the order. Brown then appealed to the Quebec Court of Queen's Bench (Appeal Side), which dismissed her appeal. She then appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which agreed to hear her appeal.

The Gabaldon Building (ruined by a fire) became the Provincial Hospital. Classes were transferred to the Tong Ho School Building in 1944. The formal liberation of Tayabas Province on April 4, 1945 after which classes opened at Lucena Catholic Hall (now Maryhill College Building). In June 1945, the high school was relocated at the Tayabas Provincial Capitol (now Quezon Provincial Capitol) and the Court of First Instance Building, whereby 54 students graduated, girls in Balintawak and boys in Barong Tagalog on July 28, 1945.

Deerhill Bay In a ruling on 27 January 2010, the Court of First Instance upheld a Board of Review decision that Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui was liable for profit tax amounted for HK$180 million on Deerhill Bay project. This project was launched under a joint venture set up by both Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui and Cheung Kong Holdings in 1993. In return, the church could receive 129 apartments and 94 parking spaces from the developer according to their agreement.Yvonne Tsui (28 January 2010).

On 5 April 2005, Mote appealed the Parliament's decision to the Court of First Instance (CFI). He gave no notice of his application to the Attorney General, nor to Judge Aikens at Lewes Crown Court, meaning that the British Government was unable to intervene in the case. Mote later applied on 15 December 2006 to the CFI for an interim order suspending the Parliament's decision pending the outcome of their decision. This was rejected on the basis that the condition of urgency was not satisfied.

In 1945, he began his public service as prosecutor in the Department of Justice, assuming later the position of head of the office of special prosecutors. Four years later, he was appointed judge-at-large of the Court of First Instance and the following year was named district judge for Albay and Catanduanes. He was appointed Solicitor General in 1952, a position he held until 1954. President Diosdado Macapagal made him Undersecretary of Justice in 1961 and on May 19 of that year, appointed him as Secretary.

At the end of October 2009, the New York Supreme Court (the court of first instance) ruled that the venue of Ras al Khaimah was not compliant with the Deed of Gift. After various discussions, Société Nautique de Genève (SNG—the Defending club) agreed that the venue would be Valencia, Spain. An appeal by SNG regarding the venue was rejected and Alinghi 5 was shipped at the end of December 2009 from Ras al Khaimah to Valencia, where she arrived on 5 January 2010.

Reuss grew up in an environment of both German and Jewish cultures. After completing his primary and secondary education at local German schools, he studied law at the University of Berlin, completing his degree in 1927. He earned a Doctorate of Law in 1929 at the University of Halle. After two years of private practice, Reuss was appointed as a Court Assessor, Assistant Judge, and Judge at the Court of First Instance at Charlottenburg, positions he held from 1931 until the spring of 1933.

Mrs Vo attempted to have the doctor prosecuted for unintentionally killing her unborn child. On 3 June 1996, the French criminal court found the doctor innocent as the foetus was not considered viable, and thus was not a "human person" under the French Criminal Code (then Article 319, now Articles 221—226). The Lyons Court of Appeal reversed the decision made by the court of first instance on 3 March 1997. This appellate decision was reversed again by the Court of Cassation on 30 June 1999.

In 2018, a gay couple filed suit in court, arguing that the same-sex marriage ban is in violation of the European Convention on Human Rights and the Constitution of Liechtenstein. Although a court of first instance initially ruled for the couple, the State Court (StGH) ruled in September 2019 that banning same-sex marriage is not unconstitutional. However, the court concluded that several provisions of the 2011 partnership law were discriminatory, notably its provisions prohibiting civil partners from adopting their stepchildren (so-called stepchild adoption).

In 2009, Tomov came under legal scrutiny due to supposedly abusing his position during his time as chairman of the managerial board of Kremikovtzi. In early 2011, the Sofia City Court found Tomov guilty of allegedly siphoning off money (15 million leva) from Kremikovtzi, imposing a prison sentence. In 2013, the Appellate Court decided that the case needs a review and returned it to the court of first instance, with the trial recommencing in April 2014. In February 2015, the Sofia City Court declared Tomov not culpable.

The Constitution provided for the establishment of two courts: the Supreme Court and the High Court. Other courts may be established by statute but may not question the constitutionality of legislation. The High Court is a court of first instance with general original jurisdiction, hearing the most important cases in civil law and criminal law (in the latter case sitting as the Central Criminal Court). The High Court also acts as an appellate court for cases initially heard before the Circuit Court, a court of limited jurisdiction.

The United Nations Dispute Tribunal (UNDT) is the court of first instance in the internal justice system of the United Nations. It became operational on 1 July 2009. The UNDT "hears and decides cases" filed by current and former staff members "appealing administrative decisions alleged to be in non- compliance with their terms of appointment or contract of employment". The staff members as well as the Administration have a "right to appeal the judgments of the UNDT to the United Nations Appeals Tribunal (UNAT)".

It has been proposed that the CIFC will governed by an independent authority and will not be subjected to the Colombo Municipal Council. A special legal framework would enable CIFC to operate on a unique subset of commercial law, in terms of contracts and commercial transactions with its own Special Colombo Financial Court serving as the court of first instance and provision of appeal to the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka. It would have its own arbitration centres. Making it a city running on its own rules.

This is the first judicial case and judgement of vertical monopoly agreement under AML Article 14.2, as well as the first case that the High Court (of appeal) overruled the judgement in favour of the defendant made by the Intermediate Court (of first instance). The fact of the case is simple and straightforward: Ruibang Yonghe Technology Co., Ltd. ("Ruibang"), the plaintiff in this case, is an authorized distributor of Johnson & Johnson (Shanghai) Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. and Johnson & Johnson (China) Medical Equipment Co., Ltd.

Many jurisdictions recognize two types of appeals, particularly in the criminal context. The first is the traditional "direct" appeal in which the appellant files an appeal with the next higher court of review. The second is the collateral appeal or post-conviction petition, in which the petitioner-appellant files the appeal in a court of first instance—usually the court that tried the case. The key distinguishing factor between direct and collateral appeals is that the former occurs in state courts, and the latter in federal courts.

In Germany making content available to the public on a Web site by embedding the content with inline links now appears to be copyright infringement. This applies even though a copy has never been taken and kept of an image and even though the image is never "physically" part of the Web site. The Düsseldorf appeal court overruled the lower Court of First Instance in this case. The Defendant had included links on his blog to two photographs that appeared on the Claimant’s Web site.

Napoleon created a (Sovereign's Council), seating on the council was twelve members: four Frenchmen and eight Elbans. Five councillors were made members of the court of first instance, with Balbiani as President. The remaining members of the Sovereign's Council were placed on the court of appeal, without any presiding head. However, despite the power held by the council, most government power was vested in the four French ministers brought from the former regime, and Napoleon himself who took an extremely active role in governing the principality.

Mark Joseph Mindler (March 28, 1860 - 1957) was a Greek civil servant and volunteer youth educator, founder of the first Greek Scouting group. Mark Mindler was born in Athens, Greece, to parents of German descent. He studied law at the University of Athens. In 1882, having acquired his PhD, he was admitted to the Athens Bar Association and started working as a non-salaried assistant judge in the Athens court of first instance, rising to serve as an associate judge in the Court of Appeal.

The State Commissioner of Insurance denied the claims. Alabama's court of first instance upheld the statute on summary judgment, finding that the statute did not violate the Equal Protection Clause. The Court reasoned that, among the legitimate state purposes are encouraging the formation of new insurance companies in Alabama and capital investment by foreign insurance companies in Alabama assets and securities, not to mention raising revenue via taxation. Thus, the distinction between foreign and domestic companies which was rationally related to those purposes, was acceptable.

The Business Court (, , ) in Belgium is a court which deals with commercial litigation that exceeds the competence of the Justice of the Peace and hears appeals against the decisions of the Justice of the Peace in commercial cases. It is not a division of the Court of First Instance because commercial law is not a branch of civil law in Belgium. There is a Commercial Court in each judicial arrondissement of Belgium. Before 1 November 2018, the court was named the Commercial Court (, and ).

Nominally, under the viceroys, the long distances from the viceregal and even provincial capitals meant that most corregidores acted independently. Therefore, since their office held both police power (as the main local administrative institution) and judicial power (as the court of first instance) in rural areas, corregidores were very powerful persons. Because most of the corregidores in the Americas were not legally trained, they were assisted by lawyers who served as their asesores, or "advisers." If their district were large enough to require it, they were further assisted by subordinate delegates, called tenientes (lieutenant corregidores).

Lo's request for judicial review of the privatisation was rejected at the Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeal. Since the listing in 2005, Link has engaged in a process of 'asset enhancement works', seeking to raise the value of the properties through upgraded physical structure, replacing low-end utility local shops with higher-paying brands and chains, enhanced 'customer service', and promotional activities. The Link also overhauled many of the wet markets under its management. The renovations have led to higher rents, higher prices, and the loss of local shops.

He studied in Tozeur and then in Zitouna of Tunis. He graduated from the Tunis School of Law in 1954 and worked as a clerk at the Tunis Court of First Instance and as a lawyer from 7 October 1956 until his appointment as Minister of Justice in 2011. He also chairs the Tunisian Association for the Promotion of Legal Studies. He was one of the founders of the Association of Arab Maghreb Lawyers in Algiers in 1970; He has also worked in the Arab Lawyers Union and the International Union of Lawyers.

On 24 June 2013, Berlusconi was found guilty of paying for sex with an underage prostitute (17-year-old Karima El Mahroug, also known by the stage name Ruby Rubacuori) and of abusing his office. He was sentenced by the Court of First Instance to seven years in prison, one more year than had been requested by the prosecution, and banned from public office for life. In January 2014, Silvio Berlusconi deposited an appeal against the judgment, requesting its complete absolution. The appeal process began on 20 June.

Greenland's judicial system is based on the Danish civil law system, operates independently of the legislature and the executive. It has two court of first instance: the District Courts and the Court of Greenland depending on the type of case, whereas the High Court of Greenland hears cases as the second instance. Decisions made by the High Court of Greenland may be brought before the Supreme Court subject to the permission of the Appeals Permission Board. Appeals may be submitted to the Østre Landsret and the Supreme Court of Denmark (Højesteret).

Since the Middle Ages the pope is the judge of first instance in all more important episcopal causes (), the number and extent of which are in no way exactly definable, but to which above all belong the —more serious criminal charges against bishops() Conformably to this the diocesan bishop or his representative (the vicar-general, or , or some other diocesan authority) became the judge of the court of first instance, so far as common law has not withdrawn from him this jurisdiction.(Council of Trent, Sess. XXIV, De ref., c.

On November 17, 2005, the Supreme Court of Canada upheld Mega Bloks' right to continue selling the product in Canada. A similar decision was reached by the European Union's Court of First Instance on November 12, 2008 when it upheld an EU trademark agency decision following an objection by Mega Bloks against a trademark awarded to Lego in 1999. On September 14, 2010, the European Court of Justice ruled that the 8-peg design of the original Lego brick "merely performs a technical function [and] cannot be registered as a trademark".

However, the reduction of subsidies and the revolutionary events slowed work down, until its suspension in 1792. First Consul Bonaparte wanted to turn Cherbourg into a major military port, for the invasion of the United Kingdom. He charged Joseph Cachin with the resumption of the work of the sea wall, the digging of military outer harbour, and the construction of the new arsenal. After a visit in 1811, Napoleon made Cherbourg a maritime prefecture, a chef- lieu of the Arrondissements of the Manche department and the seat of a court of first instance.

The Inner House is the part of the Court of Session which acts as a court of appeal for cases from the Outer HouseCourt of Session Act 1988: and from appeals in civil cases from the Court of the Lord Lyon, Scottish Land Court, and the Lands Tribunal for Scotland. It will hear appeals on questions of law from the Sheriff Appeal Court. It will also sit as a court of first instance in rare instances. The Inner House is always a panel of at least three Senators and does not sit with a jury.

Either the Crown or the accused may appeal against a sentence.Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, s 675 , 676 . An appellant must demonstrate that either the sentence imposed was "demonstrably unfit" or the court "erred in principle", for example by placing undue emphasis on a particular sentence principle. Except for an appeal against a finding that the accused is a dangerous or long-term offender, the court upon allowing an appeal must then determine a fit sentence and may not remit the matter back to the court of first instance.

Jose Zulueta was born to Evaristo Zulueta and Atilana Casten. Zulueta studied at the Ateneo de Manila . In 1911 he was appointed as a stenographer at Court of First Instance. He studied law and graduated in 1916 for the entrance examination for the Philippine bar (bar exam) and started a law practice. Zueleta in 1928 was elected to the House of Representatives of the Philippines on behalf of the 1st constituency of Iloilo. He was re-elected several times, and he would sit in the House until 1946.

Each state territory is divided into judicial districts (comarcas), which are composed of one or more municipalities. Each judicial district has at least one trial court (vara), that function as a court of first instance for most cases. In large judicial districts, with two or more trial courts, there usually are specializations of the courts of first instance in terms of the subject, such as crime and family litigation. Judgments from the trial courts can be the subject of judicial review following appeals to the Courts of Justice.

Once in Madrid, Salamanca developed a great inclination toward business, which would bring him both great successes and great difficulties. After serving briefly as a judge in a Madrid court of first instance, in 1839 he obtained the official monopoly on salt, and began also to invest in the Bolsa de Madrid (Madrid Stock Exchange).José de Salamanca y Mayol, Biografías y Vidas, retrieved 6 March 2010, says he obtained the salt monopoly in 1837; that would be before his arrival in Madrid. He became a prominent figure in the highest circles of Madrid society.

The General Court, informally known as the European General Court (EGC), is a constituent court of the Court of Justice of the European Union. It hears actions taken against the institutions of the European Union by individuals and member states, although certain matters are reserved for the European Court of Justice. Decisions of the General Court can be appealed to the Court of Justice, but only on a point of law. Prior to the coming into force of the Lisbon Treaty on 1 December 2009, it was known as the Court of First Instance.

Crown Court and County Court in Oxford. Reading Crown Court in London ("Old Bailey") The Crown Court of England and Wales is, together with the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal, one of the constituent parts of the Senior Courts of England and Wales. It is the highest court of first instance in criminal cases; however, for some purposes the Crown Court is hierarchically subordinate to the High Court and its Divisional Courts. The Crown Court sits in around 92 locations in England and Wales.

The Technical Group of Independent Members was a heterogeneous political technical group with seats in the European Parliament between 1999 and 2001. Unlike other political groups of the European Parliament, it did not have a coherent political complexion. Its existence prompted a five-year examination of whether mixed Groups were compatible with the Parliament. After multiple appeals to the European Court of First Instance (now known as the General Court) and the European Court of Justice, the question was finally answered: overtly mixed Groups would not be allowed.

As of 2006 it had been integrated into EU laws "in matters such as general product safety, the use of additives for use in animal nutrition, the incineration of waste, and the regulation of genetically modified organisms". Through its application in case law, it has become a "general principle of EU law". In Case T-74/00 Artegodan, the General Court (then Court of First Instance) appeared willing to extrapolate from the limited provision for the precautionary principle in environmental policy in Article 191(2) TFEU to a general principle of EU law.

In addition the audiencia had sundry other officers such as notaries, bailiffs, and the equivalent of modern public defenders. The smallest overseas audiencias had a composition similar to the early Mexican one. In their judicial function, an audiencia heard appeals from cases initially handled by justices of first instance, which could be, among others, guild courts, corregidores, and alcaldes ordinarios. (See Fuero.) The audiencia also served as the court of first instance for crimes committed in the immediate jurisdiction of the city that served as the audiencia's seat and any case involving crown officials.

Vestre Landsret building at Viborg until 2014 The seat of Vestre Landsret from 2014 The Vestre Landsret (High Court of Western Denmark) is one of Denmark's two High Courts, along with the Østre Landsret (High Court of Eastern Denmark). Both High Courts function both as a civil and criminal court of first instance and a civil and criminal appellate court for cases from the subordinate courts. The Vestre Landsret sits in Viborg but has chambers in larger western cities, used only for criminal cases. It has jurisdiction over all County Courts in Jutland.

Coquilhatville at the turn of the century Coquilhatville, 1910, Chemins de fer du Congo Superieur steam locomotive On 30 October 1907 Duchesne joined the service of the Congo Free State as a provisional magistrate. He embarked at Antwerp on 5 December 1907 and reached Boma on 31 December 1907, where he was appointed deputy state prosecutor at the court of first instance. On 19 May 1908 he was given the same function at the Public Prosecutor's Office of Coquilhatville. He occasionally served as a deputy judge at the court.

The Chief Prosecutor of Hungary sued the Gárda, alleging that its activity differs from its memorandum of association. The case was delayed several times. On the first day of litigation members of the Guard physically blocked journalists from entering the court, leading to a change in court rules. On 16 December 2008 the Metropolitan Court of Budapest (Fővárosi Bíróság) as the court of first instance disbanded the "Magyar Gárda" because the court held that the activities of the organization were against the human rights of minorities as guaranteed by the Hungarian Constitution.

In 1991, Keith became a judge of the High Court of Hong Kong (which was renamed the Court of First Instance when Hong Kong's Supreme Court was renamed the High Court in 1997). In 1996 he became the first judge in charge of the High Court's new Constitutional and Administrative Law List in preparation for the resumption of sovereignty over Hong Kong by China in 1997. He was promoted to the Hong Kong Court of Appeal in 1999, serving until 2001. He was appointed a Recorder in 1993.

The petition first came before Lord Guthrie, sitting as Lord Ordinary in the Outer House (the court of first instance in the Court of Session). He dismissed it; this was appealed to the Inner House. The appeal was heard by the Lord President (Lord Cooper of Culross), Lord Carmont, and Lord Russell. There, MacCormick and Hamilton lost their case: it was held that the treaty had no provision concerning the numbering of monarchs—it was part of the royal prerogative, and that they had no title to sue the Crown.

Shortly after Billy's disappearance, his wife, Pinnapha Phrueksapan, requested that the court hold an emergency trial under Article 90 of the Criminal Procedure Code to investigate his alleged unlawful detention. The Court of First Instance ruled that evidence of the unlawful detention of Billy was insufficient. Royal Thai Police Region 7 investigators filed charges in early–2015 under Article 157 of the Criminal Code, "malfeasance in office", against Chaiwat and four other park officers for the alleged unlawful detention of Billy. After two years, the investigation of Billy's disappearance had made no progress.

A contingent of the Philippine Constabulary, under Captain Rafael Jalandoni arrived to order Evangelista to cancel the parade. Evangelista instead raised his clenched fist and began an incendiary speech, before being arrested. The unarmed crowd was then forcibly dispersed in the face of arrests and drenching from fire hoses. Based on these events, the Manila Court of First Instance, on September 14, 1931, passed a decision declaring both the PKP and KAP as illegal organization, and sentencing twenty communist leaders of eight years and one day of banishment to the provinces.

The High Court of Justice functions both as a civil court of first instance and a criminal and civil appellate court for cases from the subordinate courts. It consists of three divisions: the Queen's Bench, the Chancery, and the Family divisions. The divisions of the High Court are not separate courts but have somewhat separate procedures and practices adapted to their purposes. Although particular kinds of cases will be assigned to each division depending on their subject matter, each division may exercise the jurisdiction of the High Court.

However, the Court of First Instance (a European Union court) decided on 17 December 2008 that the Commission's decision finding that illegal aid had been granted to Ryanair should be annulled and quashed as being erroneous in law. However, in March 2012, the Commission reopened the case in order to take this judgment into account. In January 2017, a second terminal (Terminal 2) was opened in order to relieve the T1 during rush hours and to be able to accommodate 10 million passengers a year in the future.

In December 2001, Kadi filed a challenge to the EU listing and asset freeze in the European Court of First Instance (General Court). His appeal was based on a claim that he had been denied fundamental due process.OMB Watch Timeline of Kadi Litigation in EU and U.S. "The Kadi Case: Court Decisions on Due Process for Terror Listing Differ in EU, U.S," 3 April 2012, Charity & Security Network website The same month, he also petitioned the U.S. Department of Treasury (OFAC) for reconsideration of his listing and asset freeze.

The trial started on 12 March 2012 in the Court of Amsterdam (), a Dutch court of first instance. It took place at "de Bunker", a strongly defended courtroom in Amsterdam Nieuw-West. During the preliminary motions the parents of the children were granted the right to speak during the trial (a right normally only granted to direct victims), a decision which was challenged by Miķelsons' attorneys. Upon the granting of the right to speak, his lawyers (Wim Anker and Tjalling van der Goot) requested substitution () of the three judges, which was denied.

Before 1967, Sciences Po Bordeaux was based in Bordeaux itself, at No. 4 Rue du Maréchal-Joffre, the present seat of the Court of First Instance of Bordeaux. Since then, it has been located on the University Estate of Talence-Pessac-Gradignan. From June 2013 to April 2015, the Bordeaux Institute of Political Studies began a complete restructuring of its premises. A total investment of 26 million euros is allocated to this project with 25 million by the Regional Council of Aquitaine and 1 million by the city of Pessac.

It also provided for the Court of First Instance (now known as the General Court) to be based in Luxembourg City with the Court of Justice, which remained there. However, this agreement dropped the provision from the 1965 decision, which gave priority to Luxembourg City for any new judicial and financial bodies. In response, Luxembourg attached a unilateral declaration stating it did not renounce this article. However they did renounce any claim to the seat of the judicial Boards of Appeal of the Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market via the Treaty of Nice.

Cheung was appointed to the bench in 2001 as a judge of the District Court of Hong Kong. Sitting first as a Deputy High Court Judge in December 2001, he was soon elevated to the Court of First Instance of the High Court in 2003. He was then appointed as the Probate Judge in 2004, before becoming the Judge in charge of the Constitutional and Administrative Law List of the High Court in 2008. His tenure was marked by a number of high-profile rulings relating to constitutional and human rights matters.

The functions are exercised at two different levels: the Surveillance Judge acting alone, and the Surveillance Court, acting as a collegiate body. The Surveillance Court (Tribunale di Sorveglianza) operates as a court of first instance, and as a court of appeal towards the decisions of the Surveillance Judge. The Surveillance Court's jurisdiction encompasses a district of the Courts of Appeal. A Surveillance Court is made up of a panel of four members: two Surveillance Judges and two persons with professional expertise in psychology, social services, education, psychiatry and clinical criminology, as lay judges.

A defendant who is dissatisfied with the decision of a trial court of first instance may appeal to a higher court. No guidelines mandate the acceptable quality of communications between judges, lawyers, and non- Japanese speaking defendants, and no standard licensing or qualification system for certifying court interpreters exists. A trial may proceed even if the accused does not understand what is happening or being said. Foreign detainees frequently claimed that police urged them to sign statements in Japanese that they could not read and were not translated adequately.

In Central, lunchtime protests continued, with many showing support for students at PolyU. The Court of First Instance ruled that the Emergency Regulations Ordinance was partly unconstitutional in encroaching on the Legislative Council's power to make laws, while the government's anti-mask law was unconstitutional in that it "goes further than necessary" in restricting fundamental rights. In response, the police announced that they would suspend enforcing the anti-mask law. The ruling was condemned by mainland Chinese authorities, which said it alone had authority to rule on constitutional matters in Hong Kong.

Court of Final Appeal It is fundamental to Hong Kong's legal system that members of the judiciary are independent of the executive and legislative branches of government. The courts of justice in Hong Kong are the Court of Final Appeal, the High Court (which includes the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance), the District Court (which includes the Family Court), the Lands Tribunal, the Magistrates' Court (which include the Juvenile Court), the Coroner's Court, the Labour Tribunal, the Small Claims Tribunal and the Obscene Articles Tribunal.

The Court of Final Appeal has no original jurisdiction; an appeal has to originate from the High Court (either from the Court of Appeal or the Court of First Instance). Under the Basic Law, the constitutional document of Hong Kong, the special administrative region remains a common law jurisdiction. Judges from other common law jurisdictions can be recruited and serve in the judiciary as non-permanent judges according to Article 92 of the Basic Law. Judges appointed pursuant to Article 92 have served in the judiciaries of England and Wales, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.

Konstantinos Lambrinopoulos or Lamprinopoulos (, 1893-1965) was a Greek judge, politician and Mayor of Patras from August 18, 1950 until February 12, 1951. He was born in 1893 in Kyparissia in the northwestern Messenia Prefecture. He studied law in the University of Athens and lived originally in Patras, before returning to work as a judge in Kyparissia. He later continued as chairman of the court of first instance in Sparti until he was transferred to Patras to fill the vacant post of Mayor of Patras, according to the then-current law.

The courts of law in Hong Kong comprise the Court of Final Appeal, the High Court (which includes the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance), the District Court, the Magistrates' Courts, and other special courts and tribunals set up by law. The Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal is head of the judiciary and assisted in his administrative duties by the Judiciary Administrator. A bilingual court system in which Chinese, English or both can be used was put in place, in accordance with the requirement of the Basic Law.

In 1994, Germany prohibited the activities of the PKK. The PKK is designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US State Department since 1997. In 2018, the United States also offered a $12 million reward for information on three PKK leaders. First designated as a terror organization by the European Union in 2002, the PKK was ordered to be removed from the EU terror list on 3 April 2008 by the European Court of First Instance on the grounds that the EU had failed to give a proper justification for listing it in the first place.

Religion, specifically Shafi‘ite school Sunnism. Some Islamic terms, such as the word Allah, are forbidden to non-Muslims both orally and in government's ban on the use of the word "Allah" by non-Muslims, reversing the 2009 ruling of a court of first instance. Until the 1970s, many Malay Muslims lived a liberal and moderate Islam, like Indonesian Muslims. At this time, a wave of Islamisation emerged (sparked by various social and ethnic conflicts, linked to the Al-Arqam parties and Islam Se-Malaysia), so that today, Malaysia lives in a more Islamic environment compared to the latter years.

In writing, the post-nominal letters PJ is used to refer to a permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal and NPJ to a non-permanent judge. In the High Court, the abbreviation JA is used to denote a justice of appeal, and the letter J refers to a judge of the Court of First Instance. Masters of the High Court are addressed as Master. When trials are conducted in Chinese, judges were addressed, in Cantonese, as Fat Goon Dai Yan () before the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China, and as Fat Goon Gok Ha () since 1997.

In June 2006, Kemal Kerinçsiz, a nationalist lawyer, sued Elif Shafak for allegedly "insulting Turkishness" in her novel by dealing with the Armenian Genocide in the last years of the Ottoman Empire. The lawsuit was opened at Istanbul's Beyoğlu district court in accordance with Article 301 of the Turkish Criminal Code. After the prosecutor dropped the charges due to lack of insult, the lawyer refiled his complaint at a higher court, the Beyoglu 2nd Court of First Instance, in July 2006. Shafak faced a sentence of up to three years in prison for the remarks made in her novel.

Greenland's judicial system, which has mainly been derived from the Danish civil law system, operates independently of the legislature and the executive. It has one court of first instance: the Court of Greenland, and an appeal court the High Court of Greenland. No appeal is possible to decisions of the Joint Court of Justice, but fundamental "questions of law" may be submitted to the Østre Landsret and the Supreme Court of Denmark in cassation. Verdicts by those institutions may lead to a new decision of the Joint Court, taking into account the results of the cassation.

The twenty health workers facing felony charges were found guilty and sentenced on 29 September 2011 by the military National Safety Court of First Instance. According to the International Federation for Human Rights, the trial lasted only a few minutes. Thirteen of the twenty received sentences of fifteen years' imprisonment, while five were sentenced to five years and two were sentenced to ten years. The sentences were a blow to the hopes of human rights groups lobbying on the health workers' behalf, which had predicted authorities would ease their stance after releasing some defendants on bail.

The Østre Landsret (High Court of Eastern Denmark) is one of Denmark's two High Courts, along with the Vestre Landsret (Western High Court). Both High Courts function as a civil and criminal appellate court for cases from the subordinate courts and furthermore as a court of first instance in significant civil cases with issues of principle. The Østre Landsret sits in Copenhagen but has chambers in some Eastern towns and cities, such as Odense, used only for criminal cases. It has jurisdiction over all County Courts in Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm as well as the Faroe Islands.

The correctional court closed after the Act of 17 February 1800 and Cherbourg was made a town and township of the . After his arrival in the city, Napoleon established a Court of first instance by the Decree of 19 July 1811. The city is today one of the three main judicial hubs of Manche, along with Coutances and Avranches. It hosts a (arrondissement of Cherbourg-Octeville), a court (Canton of Beaumont-Hague, Cherbourg-Octeville- Nord-Ouest, Cherbourg-Octeville-Sud-Est, Équeurdreville-Hainneville, Cherbourg-Octeville-Sud-Ouest, Les Pieux, Saint-Pierre-Eglise and Tourlaville), a council of tribunals and a tribunal of commerce.

In August 2011, Riahi announced that he was planning to enter into Tunisia's media business with acquiring a 20-percent stake of the newspaper publisher Dar Assabah. He also established three TV stations, namely Ettounsiya Al-Oula, Ettounsiya Sport and Ettounsiya News. He advertised to become the president of Club Africain on 6 June 2012 and his love for Club Africain made him the president of the club.. He was officially confirmed as the new president of Club Africain on 16 June 2012. On 28 June 2017, his assets were frozen by the Tunis Court of First Instance on suspicion of money laundering.

The Inner House is the senior part of the Court of Session, the supreme civil court in Scotland; the Outer House forms the junior part of the Court of Session. It is a court of appeal and a court of first instance. The chief justice is the Lord President, with their deputy being the Lord Justice Clerk, and judges of the Inner House are styled Senators of the College of Justice or Lords of Council and Session.Information on composition: Criminal appeals in Scotland are handled by the High Court of Justiciary sitting as the Court of Appeal.

In the case of Microsoft v Commission, the Court of First instance clarified how the exceptional circumstances, as identified in Magill and IMS, should be approached. Microsoft held over 90 per cent of the personal computer operating systems market. The personal computer operating system used by clients had to be compatible with the workgroup server operating system, in order for them to function in a network. However, Microsoft was refusing to supply its competitors with interoperability information and to authorise that information to be used in the development of work group server operating systems, that was in competition with Microsoft.

Commission (1998) C-68/94 According to Genccor Ltd v. Commission,(1999) T-102/96, [1999] ECR II-753 the Court of First Instance stated the purpose of merger control is “…to avoid the establishment of market structures which may create or strengthen a dominant position and not need to control directly possible abuses of dominant positions.” Meaning that the purpose for oversight over economic concentration by the states are to prevent abuses of dominant position by undertakings. Regulations of mergers and acquisition is meant to prevent this problem, before the creation of a dominant firm through mergers and/or acquisitions.

Upon news of this occurrence, the next trial was set for February 27, 2015. On March 26, 2013, Kıvanç Ağaoğlu was convicted by the Diyarbakır 2nd Air Force Command Military Court for murder with deliberate negligence and sentenced to four years five months and ten days of imprisonment. Later, the Military Supreme Court has overturned the ruling and sent the case for reconsideration. After 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, military courts were suspended in Turkey and the case was sent to the Kozluk Criminal Court of First Instance of Batman where the retrial started on February 8, 2018.

Sinani is again under investigation for alleged illegal hunting. Former Lipjan mayor Shukri Buja was sentenced to 4 months suspended imprisonment for not declaring property to the Anti-Corruption agency, while Vitia Mayor Nexhmedin Arifi to 18 months suspended imprisonment for misuse of official position. Xhabir Zharku of Kaçanik was convicted to three years in prison for threats related to a privatisation case and illegal possession of a firearm forcing him to resign his position but was allowed to escape to Sweden where he now lives. Ramadan Muja of Prizren was convicted by a court of first instance.

The Honourable Chief Justice Geoffrey Ma Tao-li, GBM (; born 11 January 1956) is a Hong Kong judge. Ma serves as the 2nd Chief Justice of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal—the court of last resort in Hong Kong. Between 2001 and 2010, he held various positions in the High Court of Hong Kong, including Chief Judge, Justice of Appeal, and Judge of the Court of First Instance. Before his judicial career, he was a barrister-at-law in private practice, and was qualified to practice in England and Wales, Hong Kong, Australia and Singapore.

The High Court hears both criminal and civil cases as a court of first instance – it can deal with trials of matters coming before the courts for the first time. A special aspect of the Court's original jurisdiction is its judicial review jurisdiction.See, for example, the ("SCA"), s. 56A(4), which states that when a subordinate court refers to the High Court a question as to the interpretation or effect of a provision of the Constitution, "the High Court shall hear and determine the constitutional question arising out of the case in the exercise of its original jurisdiction".

The authorities accuse people with sodomy without proper evidence and oblige them to undergo anal tests that have no medical relevance. In December 2015, a controversy took place in several local media outlets and following that a case was filed against the organisation by Kamel Hedhili, the head of state litigation. The government stated that Shams is violating the association law of the country and that it deviated from its main course. The activities of the NGO were suspended for a whole month starting from January 4, 2016 by a decree of the Tunisian Court of First Instance.

Form 86 must generally be filed promptly and in any event no later than 3 months from the date of the decision which is being challenged.Rules of the High Court (Cap. 4A), Order 53, rule 4Practice Direction SL3, paragraph 9 If this deadline is missed, a Judge of the Court of First Instance may exercise his/her discretion to grant an extension of time if there is a 'good reason'.Stephen Thomson, 'Leave Without Delay: The Requirement to Make Prompt Application for Leave to Apply for Judicial Review' (2015) 45(2) Hong Kong Law Journal 449-468, reported at [2014] 6 HKC 1.

He accompanied him on several visits to the Badia (desert). Tal turned from working in the Ministry of Education to the judiciary after having succeeded in a legal examination at the end of 1929. He worked as the Chief Clerk of the Irbid Court of First Instance, then the Commander of the Amman Procedure Court, Chief Clerk of the Court of Appeal (1935) and finally as the Public Prosecutor of Al-Salt and its Deputy Attorney General. During the latter position, he filed a case against Transjordan's Prime Minister Ibrahim Hashem who had exiled him to Jeddah in 1923.

When the requirement of leave to appeal was introduced at the beginning of 1980, the position of the Supreme Court as the court changed considerably. The earlier system of appeal with a hierarchy of three court instances was replaced by a system with two instances: a decision of a court of first instance may usually be appealed against to one superior court. Thereby the courts of appeal are the highest instance for most court proceedings, whereas the role of the Supreme Court clearly is that of creating precedents. Leave to appeal is also required for appeal against decisions of specialised courts.

His popularity and his ability became his qualifications for a three-year service as Lingayen municipal councilor from 1916 to 1919. He ran for Senator and won overwhelmingly to represent the second senatorial district of La Union in 1922 and re-elected in 1931. Upon the establishment of the Commonwealth government on November 15, 1935, President Manuel L. Quezon appointed him Judge of the Court of First Instance of Iloilo up to 1938 and later named as city fiscal of Manila until 1945. He ran anew for the Senatorial election and won in 1946 but he lost in the 1949 election.

On 31 May 2012, the Macau Court of Final Appeal confirmed that Lau and Steven Lo were involved in the case of offering Macau's former public works chief Ao Man-long HK$20 million over the bid for five plots of land opposite Macau International Airport. Lau and Lo were charged with bribery and money laundering. They both denied the charges and Lo earlier told the court that the HK$20 million was a preliminary payment to construction company San Meng Fai. On 14 March 2014 Lau and Lo were found guilty of the charges against them in Macau's Court of First Instance.

The question of the seat of European institutions played a major role in the essential interests of the Grand-Duchy. In the decision of Edinburgh on 12 December 1992, the government succeeded in making permanent the establishment in Luxembourg of those organs and services which had until then been there provisionally. It also managed to obtain the headquarters of the Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union, and that of the Court of First Instance. Apart from European integration, the key elements of the government's foreign policy were promotion of foreign trade, attracting investments, and development aid.

Stampede location On 1 January 1993, 21 people were killed and 62 injured in a large-scale human stampede whilst celebrating the New Year's Day in Lan Kwai Fong. More than 15,000 people were crammed into the area for the New Year countdown at the time.King of the hill looks to Hollywood's heights SCMP, 27 Mar 2006 The Hong Kong government appointed then-Court of First Instance judge Kemal Bokhary to conduct an inquest into the disaster. The stringent crowd control measures now in force at major holiday events are a direct consequence of the inquest's recommendations.

Rather than fusing the common law and equity, which he saw as impracticable since it would destroy the idea of trusts, he decided to fuse the courts and the procedure.Lobban (Autumn 2004) p. 596 The final draft provided that all of the existing superior courts would be fused into one court consisting of two levels; one of first instance, one appellate. The court of first instance, to be known as the High Court of Justice, would be subdivided into several divisions based on the old superior courts, one of which, the Chancery Division, would deal with equity cases.

Everything changed with the French invasion in 1803 and the establishment, formally in 1805, of the Confederation of the Rhine, sponsored by France. Representing the Osnabrück regional administration, von Bar became a member of the standing deputation of the Kingdom of Westphalia, which in 1807 travelled to Fontainbleu and Paris in order to provide advice on a constitution for the puppet kingdom. A year later he was appointed president of the Court of First Instance in Osnabrück. He was also the special liquidator in respect of the national debt of the former Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück.

The Court also has power of judicial review over the acts of the government and other public bodies, including the decisions of all inferior courts, and decisions made by tribunals of inquiry. The High Court hears all applications for extradition, both under the European Arrest Warrant system and to non-EU member states. Appeals from professional disciplinary bodies under the Nurses Act, Medical Practitioners Act and Solicitors Acts are to the High Court. Any non-criminal judgment or order of the High Court sitting as a court of first instance may be appealed to the Supreme Court save as provided for by statute.

The Unión de Pequeños Agricultores (UPA), representing small Spanish agricultural businesses, challenged Council Regulation 1638/98 that withdrew subsidies from olive oil producers. UPA admitted the measure was a true regulation, and the applicants lacked individual concern, but argued that because it did not require implementation at national level, there was no way to challenge the action before national courts, and it would be denied effective judicial protection unless it could bring a direct action. The Court of First Instance held UPA had no locus standi under TEC art 230(4) (now TFEU art 263(4)).

The High Court has jurisdiction over all crimes in Scotland unless restricted by statute. The High Court has exclusive jurisdiction over serious crimes such as treason, murder, and rape and, in practice, deals with armed robbery, drug trafficking, and sexual offences involving children (over which it shares jurisdiction with the sheriff court). Court entrance the High Court of Justiciary situated at the Saltmarket in Glasgow As a court of first instance the court sits regularly in various places in Scotland, with permanent seats in Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen. There are sittings when required in Dumbarton, Lanark, Livingston, Paisley and Stirling.

All High Court Judges (regardless of whether they are full-time Judges, Recorders or Deputy Judges on temporary appointment) are addressed in court as "My Lord" or "My Lady". In court judgments and decisions, Vice Presidents of the Court of Appeal are referred to as '[surname] VP' or '[surname] V-P' (or in the plural as '[surname] and [surname] V-PP'). Justices of Appeal are referred to as '[surname] JA' (or in the plural as '[surname] and [surname] JJA'). Full- time Judges of the Court of First Instance are referred to as '[surname] J' (or in the plural as '[surname] and [surname] JJ').

The court has an additional responsibility (based on section 110 of the Constitution of Norway) that other district courts do not have: to protect the customs and identity of the Sami people as well as the rights of Sami-speaking people to have the full access of the law in this court. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.

Egypt opposition newspaper stops publishing amid leadership row. On 10 February 2006, the party's General Assembly agreed to dismiss Gomaa from the Wafd presidency and appointed Mustafa El-Tawil (a member of al-Wafd supreme committee) as an interim president till the next elections in July 2006. Gomaa argued the decision was due to an earlier ruling by Giza's court of first instance to stop the General Assembly meeting. On 1 April 2006, Gumaa and his supporters occupied the party's headquarters to reclaim control and opened fire on supporters of the rival faction who responded by throwing stones.

Magistrates' courts in Hong Kong have criminal jurisdiction over a wide range of offenses, and in general these offenses must only constitute two years' imprisonment or a fine of HKD 100,000; in certain circumstances, sentences of 3 years may be imposed. All criminal proceedings must begin in the magistrates' courts; the Secretary for Justice may transfer cases to either the District Court or the Court of First Instance depending on the seriousness of the crime. All judges and magistrates must have been qualified as legal practitioners either in Hong Kong or in another common law jurisdiction and have had substantial professional experience.

Microsoft accepted the judgment of the Court of First Instance and proceeded to make available interoperability information as originally required by the European Commission. Microsoft also faced competition law in South Korea and was fined $32 million in December 2005 and ordered to unbundle instant messaging, Windows Media Player and Windows Media Service, or let competitors' products take their place. Microsoft noted in their October 2005 SEC filing that they may have to pull out of South Korea, although they later denied fulfilling such a plan. Microsoft's 2006 appeal was struck down; they have another appeal pending.

A descendant of both John Winthrop, first Governor of Massachusetts, and John Winthrop, the Younger, first Governor of Connecticut, immediately after graduating he became a personal secretary to future president William Howard Taft while Taft was Governor-General of the Philippines. Winthrop was soon promoted to Assistant Executive Secretary of the Philippines (1901–1903) and was appointed as a Judge of the Court of First Instance, Philippine Islands (1903–1904). He was known to be a personal friend of Theodore Roosevelt and was appointed by him in 1904 as Governor and General Commander of Puerto Rico, at age 28.Frederick T. Birchall.

Later re-investigations by the Crime Suppression Division found evidence of false testimony by a key witness, and that the men had made forced confessions under duress. The convictions were overturned by the Supreme Court in 1995, but by then one of the wrongly accused men had died in prison, one had sustained permanent spinal injuries, and another died from tuberculosis shortly after release. Two men were arrested and convicted for the murder. They implicated Suwiboon Patpongpanit for hiring them; she was convicted by the Court of First Instance but later acquitted by the Supreme Court in 1999 due to insufficient evidence.

Cuevas started his career as a professorial lecturer at the College of Law of the University of the Philippines and at the Institute of Law of the Far Eastern University. Afterwards, he became an Assistant Fiscal of the City of Manila and then a Judge to the Court of First Instance. Before his appointment as an Associate Justice to the Supreme Court of the Philippines on May 31, 1984, he was an Associate Justice of the Intermediate Appellate Court. In 2012, Justice Cuevas was the lead counsel of the defense panel against the impeachment of former Supreme Court Chief Justice Renato Corona.

In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non- citizens, to petition against the decisions of state authorities. Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality. Israel's legal system combines three legal traditions: English common law, civil law, and Jewish law. It is based on the principle of stare decisis (precedent) and is an adversarial system, where the parties in the suit bring evidence before the court.

In November 2014, the AJM reported over 150 victims of forced marriage and sexual violence. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, [Mali : Forced marriage, including the prevalence of forced marriage, related legislation, state protection, support services and the ability of women to refuse a forced marriage (2012 – June 2016)], 15 July 2016. Six organizations, including the AJM, filed a complaint to the Bamako Commune III Court of First Instance on behalf of 80 victims of rape and sexual violence committed by armed groups during the Mali War in 2012-13.Mégane Ghorbani, Mali: No Peace Building without Women, Association for Women's Rights in Development, 28 July 2015.

He camped inside the pier with other protesters and filed a judicial review with another environmentalist Ho Loy against the decision of the then Secretary for Home Affairs of 22 May 2007 not to declare the Queen's Pier a monument under the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (Cap 53). The Court of First Instance dismissed the judicial review application on 10 August 2007. In early 2009, he formed the Choi Yuen Tsuen Support Group to support the villagers who were forced to relocate due to the construction of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link (XRL). The movement grew into a massive protest in late 2009 and early 2010.

In Hong Kong, court proceedings are conducted in either English or Hong Kong Cantonese (a dialect of Yue Chinese). Judges of Hong Kong retain many of the English traditions such as wearing wigs and robes in trials. In the lower courts, magistrates are addressed as Your worship, and district court judges as Your Honour. In the superior courts of record, namely the Court of Final Appeal and the High Court (which consists of the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance), judges are addressed as My Lord or My Lady and referred to as Your Lordship or Your Ladyship, following the English tradition.

Casa Real (Royal House) is one of the oldest public buildings and served as the provincial seat of government of Lingayen, Pangasinan in the Philippines during the Spanish occupation in the country. It was where the Alcalde Mayor held office as the Provincial Governor and the Judge of the Court of First Instance. It was declared a National Landmark by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines and noted it as "an outstanding and unique example of civil architecture from the Spanish and American colonial periods". Local offices that were housed by the building abandoned it when Typhoon "Cosme" ripped off its roof in 2008.

Second, the impetus given to the Community through the Single European Act and the Delors Presidency in general saw a vast growth in the work-load of the Court. This led to the establishment in 1989 of the European Court of First Instance during the Due Presidency aimed at transferring part of the workload of the European Court of Justice. In the period 1979 to 1994, the Court also became a far more exposed institution, whose real powers were gradually recognised. This culminated in the attribution to the Court the power to impose monetary penalties on Member States for their failure to obey Community law, introduced by the Treaty of Maastricht.

Due was also responsible for the huge extension of the Court buildings in Luxembourg, to house the new Court of First Instance, and to give permanent accommodation to the institution's large staff. As President of a court which rarely voted by majority and gave only en banc judgments, Due had to ensure the adhesion of judges to judgments which they personally may have opposed but were required to sign. He also had to negotiate skilfully between the very disparate wings of the Court's membership, from those with a Statist view to those with an integration-led vision. It was a difficult balancing act, coming as he did from a Statist background.

The criminal case, officially known as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region v Jutting Rurik George Caton, ESC3743/14, was heard at the Court of First Instance. Jutting appeared in court and expressed understanding of the charges brought against him, but declined to enter a plea, before the court was adjourned until 10 November 2014. Although four psychiatrists testified that he had narcissistic personality disorder, Jutting was declared mentally fit to stand trial as a result of his November court appearance, with the case adjourned to July 2015. On 8 November 2016, Jutting was found guilty of two counts of murder, and was sentenced to life imprisonment.

The Paraguay River is navigable in this area. The districts have airfields. It has radio stations in various locations such as private issuers AM Z.P. 28 Radio the Voice of the Cordillera, three FM stations, Radio Sol, Radio Serrania and Radio Caacupé. In Caacupé operate several institutions, such as the Governorate of the Cordillera, City Hall, Comptroller General of the Republic, Court of First Instance, Banco Nacional de Fomento, COPACO SA, ANDE, Mail, Regional Hospital, oversight of primary and secondary schools, National University Three private universities, secondary schools, primary and secondary schools, several high schools, private institutes, Paraguayan Red Cross, Lions Club, and several more institutions.

What made the matter still worse was that such summonses to Rome, as to the court of first instance, diminish unduly the authority of the lower courts. To put an end, therefore, to constant complaint on this point, the Decretals(q. v.) ordained that in future, before the rendering of the sentence, no one could appeal to a higher court without giving a sufficient reason to the judge (from whom the appeal was made), and that the appeal could only be accepted by the judge (to whom appeal lies) after he had satisfied himself of the validity of the appeal(c. lvi, X, De appell.

Lobingier served as a member of the Nebraska Court Commission from 1902-1903. (The Commission was created to assist the Nebraska Supreme Court in eliminating the backlog of cases that had accrued over several years.)Charles Sumner Lobingier, "Twenty-Years in the Judiciary," 7 "Far Eastern American Bar Assoc. Bulletin" 43 (1922) In 1904, after a year in this quasi-judicial position, he was appointed to the Philippines Court of First Instance and served in the Philippines for 10 years. Following the resignation of Rufus Thayer as a Judge of the United States Court for China in 1913, Lobingier accepted an appointment to act as judge of that court from 1914.

The Lord President is chief justice of the court, and also head of the judiciary of Scotland; the Lord Justice Clerk is his deputy. There are 35 Senators, in addition to a number of temporary judges; these temporary judges are typically serving sheriffs and sheriffs principal, or advocates in private practice. The Senators sit also in the High Court of Justiciary, where the Lord President is called the Lord Justice General, and Senators are known as Lords Commissioners of Justiciary. The court is divided into the Inner House of twelve Senators, which is primarily an appeal court, and the Outer House, which is primarily a court of first instance.

Beníquez Méndez grew up believing this lie and was indoctrinated in the Congregación Mita religion, which was founded in Puerto Rico and is now established in several parts of the world. Beníquez Méndez has studied music since age six and excels on instruments such as the clarinet, flute, and saxophone. He was a member of Mita Congregation's wind band until 1995 and received a scholarship to study music at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras campus."Official Website of Samuel Beniquez" About thirty years later, on May 13, 2003, Beníquez Méndez and his mother, Beníquez Seguí, filed a motion before the Court of First Instance to nullify the adoption.

Surprisingly, Judge Barakina closed the case on February 15 "for insignificance"; this left both parties unsatisfied with prosecutors deciding to appeal, on the basis that the decision was "unlawful", while Ponosov filed an appeal, demanding a not guilty verdict. On 27 March 2007 Perm Krai court set aside the decision of the court of first instance and remitted the case for reconsideration. On 7 May 2007 the trial court found that Ponosov had caused Microsoft damages of 266,000 roubles and ruled that Ponosov was guilty while fining him 5,000 roubles ($194.4). On 19 December 2008 Perm Krai court repealed the sentence of Vereshchagino's court and found Ponosov not guilty.

The short-lived Philippine revolution against Spain brought about a change in the local government. During the early part of 1898, General Lukban came to Maasin to install the municipal government under the short-lived Philippine Republic. Even before the fall of the Spaniards to the Americans on August 13, 1898, there had already been established in Maasin a Court of First Instance; the office of "Promoter Fiscal" (equivalent to the Provincial Fiscal); and, the office of "Administrador de Hacienda" (equivalent to Provincial Treasurer). With the change of sovereign power, the positions were abolished but the Fiscal's which continued to serve cases from distant towns.

The United States has two separate court systems, a Federal court system and a State court system. Both types of courts have authority to hear a Hague Abduction Convention case, as established by the International Child Abduction Remedies Act. It is up to the parents of abducted children and their attorneys to decide whether to file a petition for return in State or Federal court. Although the exact implementation varies by state (also because states are free to adopt their own organizational scheme for judicial matters), trial courts are the general court of first instance to hear a Convention case within the State court system.

Ever since, immigrants and pilgrims from many provinces have visited the miraculous statue of the Chapel on Fridays and Sundays. More than 12 local and visitor's faith healers conducted regular Friday spiritual healing there. Nipa leaves and bamboo were used to build the small Kapilya. During the American regime, Jeremiah James Harty [(November 5, 1853--October 29, 1927, an American prelate of the Catholic Church, the Archbishop of Manila in the Philippines from 1903–16) who later served as Archbishop of Omaha from 1916–27)] filed a suit in the Court of First Instance of Bulacan, claiming title of the Santo Cristo, Baliuag, Bulacan Parish Church property on 1909.

Issues from the third pillar were transferred to the first pillar. Previously, these issues were settled between the member states. Following the entrance into force of the Treaty of Lisbon on 1 December 2009, the ECJ's official name was changed from the "Court of Justice of the European Communities" to the "Court of Justice" although in English it is still most common to refer to the Court as the European Court of Justice. The Court of First Instance was renamed as the "General Court", and the term "Court of Justice of the European Union" now officially designates the two courts, as along with its specialised tribunals, taken together.

While the House of Lords of the United Kingdom is the upper chamber of Parliament and has government ministers, it for many centuries had a judicial function. It functioned as a court of first instance for the trials of peers, for impeachments, and as a court of last resort in the United Kingdom and prior, the Kingdom of England. Appeals were technically not to the House of Lords, but rather to the Queen-in-Parliament. In 1876, the Appellate Jurisdiction Act devolved the appellate functions of the House to an Appellate Committee, composed of Lords of Appeal in Ordinary (informally referred to as Law Lords).

A people's court in the late Soviet Union was a court of first instance which handled the majority of civil and criminal offenses, as well as certain administrative law offenses. The people's court handled cases by a collegium consisted of a people's judge and two people's assessors. The people's assessors had duties similar to jurors, but decided both any objections and the verdict along with the judge, unlike in most jury systems. In early Soviet Russia and Soviet Union the term "people's court" was used in reference to any court in the new Soviet legal system which replaced the legal system of the Russian Empire.

He began his judicial career via public tendering in 1991, when he was 44 years old. On 17 May 1994, he was appointed magistrate. Until that moment, he was judge of first instance and instruction of the court number 3 of San Boi de Llobregat and then was assigned to the court of first instance number 5 of Tarrasa. At the end of the 1990s, he was a member of the electoral board of Barcelona. In 1997 he was transferred to Badalona and on 24 October 2000 he became the dean of the courts of Badalona, where he was the judge of first instance court number 5 and then number 4.

Meanwhile the second appeal (Case T-222/99) had been joined by two others, one (Case T-327/99) from the Front National as a corporate entity, the other (T-329/99) from the Bonino List as a corporate entity and from Emma Bonino, Marco Pannella, Marco Cappato, Gianfranco Dell’Alba, Benedetto Della Vedova, Olivier Dupuis and Maurizio Turco as individuals. On 2 October 2001, the Court of First Instance delivered its verdict (2002/C 17/20). It found that Article 230 of the EC Treaty did not contradict the act of 14 September 1999. It joined together the three appeals, dismissed them, and ordered the applicants to pay costs.

A Muslim organization initiated criminal proceedings against Philippe Val, editor-in-chief of Charlie Hebdo, for insulting a group of people because of their religion. In March 2007, the court of first instance acquitted Val. The first court of appeal confirmed the lower court's judgment on the ground that the cartoons targeted only terrorists or fundamentalists—not the whole Muslim community.JURIST - Paper Chase: France newspaper cleared of defamation for Muhammad cartoons republication On 18 January 2007, a tribunal in Lyon sentenced Bruno Gollnisch to a three-month, suspended prison-term and a fine of €5,000 for the offense of contesting information about the Holocaust.

Decisions of the Courts of Appeal (, ), as well as certain decisions of the Insurance Court may be appealed against to the Supreme Court, provided that it grants leave to appeal. In the rare criminal cases where a Court of Appeal acts as the court of first instance, the leave to appeal is not needed. (Cases of espionage, treason and criminal cases involving high civil servants or officers of at least major's rank fall into this category.) The Supreme Court may annul final decisions of courts on the grounds provided in Chapter 31 of the Code of Judicial Procedure. The Court also handles complaints concerning errors in procedure.

The basic type of judicial division of Portugal is the comarca, corresponding to the territorial area of jurisdiction of a judicial court of first instance. The judiciary organization reform of 2014 simplified the judicial division of Portugal, that until then included 231 comarcas, grouped in 57 círculos judiciais (judicial circles), by themselves grouped in four distritos judiciais (judicial districts). Depending on the size of its population, each comarca could have from a single judicial court of generic competence to a complex structure of diverse courts of specific competences (civil, criminal, criminal procedure, labor, family, etc.). Since 2014, the country has the comarca as its single type of judicial division.

In a few cases, an appeal can be taken from the court of first instance to the Court of Appeals, bypassing the Appellate Division. Direct appeals are authorized from final trial-court decisions in civil cases where the only issue is the constitutionality of a federal or state statute. In criminal cases, a direct appeal to the Court of Appeals is mandatory where a death sentence is imposed, but this provision has been irrelevant since New York's death-penalty law was declared unconstitutional. Decisions from the Court of Appeals are binding authority on all lower courts, and persuasive authority for itself in later cases.

3(1), Regulation 139/2004, the European Community Merger Regulation The reasons for oversight of economic concentrations by the state are the same as the reasons to restrict firms who abuse a position of dominance, only that regulation of mergers and acquisitions attempts to deal with the problem before it arises, ex ante prevention of creating dominant firms. In the case of [T-102/96] Gencor Ltd v. Commission [1999] ECR II-753 the EU Court of First Instance wrote merger control is there "to avoid the establishment of market structures which may create or strengthen a dominant position and not need to control directly possible abuses of dominant positions".

In the case of [T-102/96] Gencor Ltd v. Commission [1999] ECR II-753 the EU Court of First Instance wrote merger control is there "to avoid the establishment of market structures which may create or strengthen a dominant position and not need to control directly possible abuses of dominant positions" In the United States merger regulation began under the Clayton Act, and in the European Union, under the Merger Regulation 139/2004 (known as the "ECMR").The authority for the Commission to pass this regulation is found under Art. 83 TEC Competition law requires that firms proposing to merge gain authorization from the relevant government authority.

Orszag has worked on some of the most important antitrust matters in the past decade and a half, including testifying before the European Court of First Instance in the seminal Microsoft case. Orszag has also worked on a number of large mergers, including Aetna/Humana, GE/Electrolux, Agrium/Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan, Orbitz/Expedia, OfficeMax/Office Depot, Staples/Office Depot, Omnicom/Publicis, Entercom/CBS Radio, AT&T;/T-Mobile, Delta/Northwest, the Microsoft/Yahoo! search deal, Siemens/Dresser-Rand, and Global Crossing/Level 3. Orszag served as an expert witness in "HP v Oracle" in which a California jury awarded HP $3 billion in damages.

Under Scots law, they owed a duty of reasonable care to prevent the site becoming an "allurement" for the boys; had they discharged this duty? On the other hand, the children were trespassers and possibly contributorily negligent. A crucial issue was the likelihood (or foreseeability) of the presence of children on Russell Road, and whether the explosion causing the serious burn injuries was of "different type than that could have been foreseeable". The court of first instance, the First Division of the Court of Session, limited the liability of the Post Office on the grounds that although the danger to children was foreseeable the accident itself was not foreseeable.

The legal content of these had the objective of regulating relations among the peasants, which was especially important in the context of the shared responsibility of the community to fulfill the obligations toward the land owner contained in the contract. For example, the officials of the local government were even required to remove an Olęder who neglected his land and settle somebody else there. The local government was also responsible for the care of minor orphans, with security (especially against fires) and cleanliness of the settlement. At the same time, the sołtys and councillors acted as the court of first instance for minor infractions and arguments.

On 2 April 2008 Lale Sarıibrahimoğlu (columnist in the daily Today's Zaman, also known as Lale Kemal) and Ahmet Şık were acquitted of charges of insulting the military under Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code (TCK), which penalizes the denigration of “Turkishness” or the Turkish army. Bakırköy 2nd Court of First Instance in İstanbul ruled that the article titled “The military should withdraw its hand from internal security” in the 8 February 2007 edition of weekly Nokta should be evaluated as “harsh criticism” and its publication does not constitute a criminal offence."Journalists Sarıibrahimoğlu and Şık acquitted from 301 case" . Today's Zaman, 3 April 2008; accessed on 11 April 2011.

After the death of his brother Georgios, he tried to receive appointment to some public post and to be compensated for his family's sacrifices to the Revolution. In 1823, he was appointed plenipotentiary of Tripolitsa province in the Second National Assembly at Astros, and in 1824 he was appointed as prefect of Old Patras. From 1828 to 1831 he was member of the provincial council of elders of Nafplio. From 1835 until 1843, he was president of a court of first instance. In 1844, Sekeriswas dismissed from his post as magistrate and he became superintendent and warehouse worker at Public Revenue of Argos’ municipality.

The judiciary of Bhutan is the Royal Court of Justice, consisting of the Supreme Court of Bhutan, the High Court of Bhutan, the twenty Dzongkhag Courts, and some sixteen Dungkhag Courts. Where Dungkhag Courts have geographical jurisdiction (dungkhags, "sub-districts"), they are the courts of first instance; in all other places, the Dungkhag Court is the court of first instance. The Chief Justice and Drangpons (Associate Justices) of the Supreme Court, as well as judges of the High Court and Dzongkhag Courts below, are appointed by the Druk Gyalpo. The Chief Justice sits for 5 years, but all others sit for 10 or until mandatory retirement.

CJEU was originally established in 1952 as a single court called the Court of Justice of the European Coal and Steel Communities (as of 1958 the Court of Justice of the European Communities (CJEC)). The General Court was created in 1988 (known as the Court of First Instance) and the Civil Service Tribunal was created in 2004. With the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009, the court system obtained its current name (Court of Justice of the European Union), while the original court itself (the former CJEC) was renamed "Court of Justice". The working language of the Court of Justice of the European Union is French.

The Chancellor of the High Court is the head of the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice of England and Wales. This judge and the other two heads of divisions (Family and Queens Bench) sit by virtue of their offices often, as and when their expertise is deemed relevant, in panel in the Court of Appeal. As such this judge ranks equally to the President of the Family Division and the President of the Queen's Bench Division. From 1813 to 1841, the solitary and from 1841 to 1875, the three ordinary judges of the Court of Chancery — rarely a court of first instance until 1855 – were called vice- chancellors.

Born in Bilbao, he is the son of Avelino Grande, an officer of the Bilbao Municipal Police He entered the judicial career in 1987 and served in the Court of First Instance and Inquiry in Santoña, Cantabria, from where he was the investigating magistrate in the case against Rafael Escobedo for the Assassination of the Marquesses of Urquijo. In 1990, he moved to Bilbao's Court of Inquiry No. 2, where he remained for nine years. At that time, he promoted the presiding judge of the Sixth Section of the Criminal Division of the Provincial Court of Biscay. In 2003, he moved to Madrid as investigating judge of the district of the 36th Court of Inquiry.

Muhammad appealed the Director's decision to the Registration of Persons Tribunal on 4 August 1998, which on 29 January 1999 allowed his appeal, ordering that a permanent identity card be issued to him. In doing so, it stated that IO Schedule 1 Paragraph 1(4)(b), which imposed the requirement that the seven years of ordinary residence qualifying a non-Chinese national to apply for permanent residence immediately precede the application, contravened the Basic Law and should be struck down.The Tribunal did not address IO 2(4)(b); the Court of First Instance in Vallejos v. Commissioner of Registration would strike down part of IO 2(4) as inconsistent with the Basic Law in 2011.

In 2010, Adrian Coman, a Romanian national and thus EU citizen, married Claibourn Robert Hamilton, a citizen of the United States, in Belgium, an EU member state where same-sex marriage is legal. The Civil Code of Coman's home country Romania prohibits same-sex marriage and does not recognise same-sex marriages performed abroad. On these grounds, the Romanian immigration authorities denied a residence permit for his spouse when the couple wanted to move back after living in the United States. They challenged the decision before the Court of First Instance in Bucharest, which referred the case to the Constitutional Court of Romania, which in turn asked for a preliminary ruling from the European Court of Justice.

Mauritius has a hybrid legal system derives from British common law and the French civil law. The Constitution of Mauritius established the separation of powers between the legislature, the executive and the judiciary and guaranteed the protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. Mauritius has a single-structured judicial system consisting of two tiers, the Supreme Court and subordinate courts. The Supreme Court is composed of various divisions exercising jurisdiction such as the Master's Court, the Family Division, the Commercial Division (Bankruptcy), the Criminal Division, the Mediation Division, the Court of First Instance in civil and criminal proceedings, the Appellate jurisdiction: the Court of Civil Appeal and the Court of Criminal Appeal.

Court of First Instance: sentenced to jail (2 years and 4 months) for paying 21 billion lire (about 10 million euro) to Bettino Craxi via an offshore bank account codenamed "All Iberian". Court of Appeal: the statute of limitations According to Italian law, the "statute of limitations" does not imply innocence but acquits the accused from any further legal proceeding; it may in fact indicate guilt if the statute of limitations is applied after conceding benefits for previous good conduct, since such benefits can only be granted after guilt is ascertained, as per: Corte di Cassazione, Sect. IV, Sentence no. 5069, 21 May 1996 expired before the appeal was completed so Silvio Berlusconi was acquitted.

Ricardo Rodolfo Gil Lavedra was born in Buenos Aires in 1949. He enrolled at the University of Buenos Aires Law School, and earned a juris doctor in 1972. He was named Secretary to the Supreme Court of the Province of Buenos Aires in 1973, and judge in the provincial Court of First Instance in 1974. He was hired as Vice President of Legal Affairs for the Pérez Companc Group in 1979.Ricardo Gil Lavedra: curriculum vitae Gil Lavedra was appointed to the National Criminal Court of Appeals in 1984, and in this capacity, he served in the panel of judges overseeing the historic 1985 Trial of the Juntas, presiding over the trial in its early phase.

History has a way of putting a strange twist to the life story of Noriel. The records show that the doughty Bacoor general, along with the two others, was sentenced to death for the murder of a man in the Bacoor cockpit in May 1909. The Court of First Instance decision on the case was later confirmed by the Philippine Supreme Court, so it was appealed by an Irish-American lawyer named Amzi B. Kelly, to the Supreme Court of the United States which subsequently reversed the decision. But before the final verdict was received from Washington, Noriel and his co-accused had already been executed by hanging in Manila on January 27, 1915.

The Unified Patent Court will have exclusive jurisdiction in infringement and revocation proceedings involving European patents with unitary effect, and during a transition period non-exclusive jurisdiction (that the patent holder can be opt out from) regarding European patents without unitary effect in the states where the Agreement applies. It furthermore has jurisdiction to hear cases against decisions of the European Patent Office regarding unitary patents. As a court of several member states of the European Union it may (Court of First Instance) or must (Court of Appeal) ask prejudicial questions to the European Court of Justice when the interpretation of EU law (including the two unitary patent regulations, but excluding the UPC Agreement) is not obvious.

The Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 applies to all procedural acts that are police reports, testimony of witnesses, expert reports, or summons. Tourancheau and July directly violates specifically Article 38, paragraph 1, of the 1881 act. Article 38, paragraph 1, states “it is forbidden to publish indictments and any other criminal or correctional proceedings before they have been read in open court, under the penalty of the fine provided for contraventions of the 40th class.” The case was brought before the Tribunal de Grande Instance by a Paris Court of First Instance prosecutor against Tourancheau and July on the 10th and 15th of April in 1997.

Furthermore, they added that the Beníquez–Méndez couple only sought to adopt the minor in order to financially profit off a child they supposedly never raised. On September 13, 2003, the Court of First Instance overruled the petitioners’ motion with an unsubstantiated resolution. This decision was never appealed or revised, becoming final and enforceable. Later, on November 4, 2004, Beníquez Seguí and Beníquez Méndez filed a second claim regarding nullity of adoption procedures and declaration of filiation in which the petitioners alleged that Beníquez Seguí, when she was still pregnant with Beníquez Méndez, was coerced, threatened, and subjected to “mental, moral, emotional, and religious pressures” to give her consent for the Beníquez-Méndez couple to adopt her son.

Corazon Juliano-Agrava (Manila, 7 August 1915 - Quezon City, 1 October 1997), was a Filipino judge and the second woman in 1954 appointed as judge of a Court of First Instance. She was then president of the Court for Youth and Home Affairs in Manila. Agrava gained worldwide fame when in 1984, she was appointed the chairperson of a fact-finding board commission by President Ferdinand Marcos to investigate the cause of the murder of opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr. in 1983. She has also been active in various other social and cultural organizations, including the Women Rights Movement of the Philippines, the Philippine Association of University Women, the National Civic Assembly of Women and U.P. Alumni Association.

The club was founded in 1926 as a football club called "Union of Saints Anargyros" and its founders are Stamatopoulos, Skarpelis Pedoulakis, Chorianopoulos and Rapakoulia, who were also the first Board of Directors of the club. In 1932 it was officially recognized by the Athens Court of First Instance and the Board of Directors of the now recognized association consisted of: President George Vogiatzis, General Secretary Athanasios Pavlidis, Treasurer and General Manager Christos Karameras, Superintendent K. Ipoukarios, members. . Chestnut. The team's colors at the time of its founding were red and black. It is the oldest sports club in the area of Agioi Anargyroi. In 1954 it was recognized by the EPO.

Every county has a court of common pleas, which is the court of first instance for felonies and certain high-value civil cases. In many counties there are also municipal courts which operate in a defined territory and handle misdemeanors such as traffic tickets and smaller civil matters. Some counties also have one or more county courts, which handle the same cases as a municipal court but which occur outside the jurisdiction of a municipal court. In counties with large populations, the jurisdiction of the common pleas court may be divided into several specific departments, including a probate court (which handles wills, adoptions, and issues marriage licenses), a juvenile court, or a domestic relations court.

In such cases they are distinguished from archpriests and have such officials under them (so the introduction to Nicholas Bulgaris' "Sacred Catechism", Venice, l681). In modern times the Orthodox (and Eastern Catholic) title of protopope often means hardly more than a complimentary title conveying a certain rank and precedence with sometimes a few unimportant rights. Often in a church that has several priests (as we should say a rector and curates) the first (rector) is called protopope. In imperial Russia, royal Bulgaria, royal Rumania and Habsburg Austria the protopopes had authority over a district containing several parishes which they had to visit occasionally, representing for the clergy the court of first instance.

Appearing in historical records as skepper Olaffz grändh in 1587, the alley is named after the skipper Olof Eriksson. Commonly known as Skeppar Olof, he served under King Gustav Vasa from 1525 and was skipper on board the ship Ugglan ("The Owl") in 1526. He was one of the leading figures in the organisation of the first fleet of the Swedish Navy, both as a master shipbuilder and as a naval commander. As one of the most trusted merchants of the king, Olof made a fortune, and as one of the most prominent burghers in the city, he was appointed magistrate, member of a court of first instance, head of the goldsmith guild, and churchwarden at the Cathedral.

In December 2000, JCB was fined €39.6m by the European Commission for violating European Union antitrust law. The fine related to restrictions on sales outside allotted territories, purchases between authorised distributors, bonuses and fees which restricted out of territory sales, and occasional joint fixing of resale prices and discounts across different territories. JCB appealed the decision, with the European Court of First Instance upholding portions of the appeal and reducing the original fine by 25%. JCB appealed to the European Court of Justice but this final appeal was rejected in 2006, with the court slightly increasing the reduced fine by €864,000. Production of the first engine designed and manufactured by JCB, the JCB444 diesel engine, began in 2004.JCB.

The court, had it been sitting as a court of first instance, would have imposed a sentence strikingly different from the sentence imposed in the court a quo. In the circumstances of the case, having regard to the extent of the appellant's emotional disintegration, and the fact that he was acting at the time under circumstances of severely diminished responsibility, a sentence of correctional supervision would be appropriate.570f–g. Deterrence, either of the appellant or of others, was not an important factor, having regard to the highly unusual concatenation of events, and the extremely remote possibility of a recurrence. Neither was the case one which was clamant for retribution.572c–d.

The High Court is the court of first instance for all civil cases where the plaintiff is claiming more than €75,000 in damages in ordinary contract and tort claims, or €60,000 in damages in personal injuries actions, this being the upper limit of the jurisdiction of the Circuit Court. By virtue of its full original jurisdiction under the Constitution, however, theoretically a civil action of any value may commence in the High Court. The High Court has full chancery powers to grant any injunction or declaration that could be granted by a court of chancery. Petitions to windup companies and various company law remedies are heard by the High Court which has exclusive jurisdiction in this area.

' was Pope Leo X's 1517 prohibition to the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Hermann of Wied, as ', to summon, to a court of first instance in Cologne, Philip of Burgundy, his treasurer, and his ecclesiastical and secular subjects. Leo X only confirmed a right of the Church, explained Neale; but Leo X's confirmation "was providential" in respect to the future schism. The Bishopric ended when Henry of the Palatinate resigned the see in 1528 with the consent of the cathedral chapter, and transferred his secular authority to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. The chapters voluntarily transferred their right of electing the bishop to Charles V, and Pope Clement VII gave his consent to the proceeding.

Located in Jerusalem, the Supreme Court has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all other civil and military courts, and in some cases original jurisdiction in criminal and civil cases. As an appellate court, it considers appeals on judgement and other decisions by the district courts, and in rare cases it takes appeals from the labor and military court systems. It also considers appeals on a judicial and quasi- judicial cases of various kinds, such as matters relating to the legality of Knesset elections and disciplinary rulings of the Bar Association. Sitting as the High Court of Justice, it acts as a court of first instance, often in matters concerning the legality of decisions regarding state authorities.

The history of Panarkadikos begins in 1927 when the Bacolods, nickname of a family from the Basiakos district, invite the Homer brothers to help them in the friendly fight they would give with the Green Birds of Kalamata. The group of footballers has the idea that the group should be named Pan-Αrκadikos, since the players originate from all parts of Arcadia. On 22 May 1927, the application was filed with the Court of First Instance for the official recognition of the association.History History of the team (in Greek) Panarkadikos participated for many years in the championships of the 2nd and 3rd National Championship, without ever succeeding in his promotion to the National.

This new document not only severely shrank the share of the artists' pay, but also extended the term of their contracts. Soon after the broadcast of Idol Producer, Yihai filed another case in March 2018, to countersue Kun for the breach of contact, asking that he pay the company 1.1 million RMB for liquidated damages and compensation for their losses. Meanwhile, Yihai demanded for Kun to continue to abide by the terms in the contract, allowing the former to be entitled to 70% of the income Kun earns from dramas, endorsements and variety shows. In October 2018, the Court of First Instance rendered a decision favoring Kun, prompting Yihai Entertainment to submit an appeal.

Artem Sytnyk Artem Sytnyk (; born 1979 in Kirovohrad Oblast) is the head of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine. In December 2018, a court ruled that Sytnik illegally released information about alleged illegal payments to Paul Manafort, however, that decision was annulled by an appeals court in July 2019. In May 2019, the State Bureau of Investigation started criminal proceedings into the accusation that Sytnyk had several free vacations at a luxury hunting estate in Rivne Oblast, with friend and businessman Mykola Nadeyko paying the bill for hotel accommodation, food and expensive entertainment. The court of first instance found Sytnyk guilty of corruption and sentenced him to a fine of UAH 3,400 (US$144 in 2019).

Callejas was detained that same day at the Women's Orientation Center, where she would remain for nine months. In July 2005, the Chilean judiciary rejected the request made two years earlier by Judge Servini to extradite Callejas. After establishing during the trial in Chile that in September 1974 Callejas had traveled to Buenos Aires with Townley to kill Prats by means of a remote-controlled bomb, she was sentenced on 30 June 2008 to 20 years in prison in the court of first instance, a sentence confirmed by the Court of Appeals in January 2009. In 2010, the Supreme Court annulled the 20-year sentence handed down by the first and second instances, bestowing on Callejas a sentence of only five years and without imprisonment.

On 30 September 2011, Justice Johnson Lam of the Court of First Instance of the High Court (CFI) ruled in Vallejos' case that existing legislation restricting FDHs from qualifying for permanent residence contravened the Hong Kong Basic Law. Lam also found that Vallejos and Domingo, but not the three other applicants, had fulfilled the condition of taking Hong Kong as their only permanent home and being ordinarily resident in Hong Kong for seven years. The Court of Appeal of the High Court overturned the CFI's decision on Vallejos' case on 28 March 2012. Vallejos and Domingo then jointly appealed to the Court of Final Appeal (CFA), which heard their case on 26–28 February 2013; the CFA rejected their appeal on 25 March 2013.

Lau Kong Yung (劉港榕) and his 16 fellow applicants were mainland Chinese-born children of Hong Kong permanent residents and on that basis claimed to be entitled to the right of abode. The Director of Immigration made removal orders against them on the grounds that they had arrived in Hong Kong on two-way permits and subsequently breached their limits of stay, and did not hold certificates of entitlement to demonstrate their right of abode (which would include the right not to be subject to a removal order). They sued the Director in the Court of First Instance to quash the removal orders, stating that the Director had acted unlawfully in refusing to consider other evidence that they had the right of abode.

Wit was appointed as Deputy Judge of the Rotterdam District Court in January 1984, Judge of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba on 1 October 1986 where he functioned as Coordinating Judge, Court of First Instance, Curaçao (1993-1996); Coordinator Judge of Instruction, Netherlands Antilles (1994-1997); Coordinating Judge for the Dutch Windward Islands of Sint Maarten, Sint Eustatius and Saba and from 2001 to 2005 as Senior Justice and Acting Chief Justice. He took the Oath of Office as a Judge of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) at the President’s House Port of Spain, on Wednesday 1 June 2005. In November 2010, Wit was appointed and sworn in as the President of the Constitutional Court of Sint Maarten, a part-time function.

Bo Vesterdorf (born 1945) is a Danish judge who has been President of the European Court of First Instance. Vesterdorf began his career as a lawyer- linguist at the European Court of Justice before becoming Administrator in the Danish Ministry of Justice, examining magistrate, and Legal Attaché in the Permanent Representation of Denmark to the European Communities. He was a Temporary Judge at the Østre Landsret (Danish Court of Appeal), Head of the Constitutional and Administrative Law Division in the Ministry of Justice, Director of the Administration Department in the Ministry of Justice, and a university lecturer. He also served as a member of the Steering Committee on Human Rights at the Council of Europe, and subsequently as a member of its Bureau.

Considering that Branco's failure to secure funds nullified their deal, Gilliam tried to have the legal contract invalidated in court twice in early 2017, once in Paris and once in London, so he could use the money from his salary to make the film; however, the court ruled in Branco's favor both times. In spring 2017, Gilliam attempted once again to nullify the contract, but the court of first instance ruled against it. Branco also accused Gilliam of having obtained the new funds for the film illegally, which Gilliam denied, claiming that HM Revenue and Customs was well-aware of the nature of said funds. The film's current producers answered that Branco's claims were "preposterous" and that he had "no rights whatsoever to Don Quixote".

On 21 May, the State Litigation Officer lodged an urgent complaint for the freezing of the assets of Kallel's properties; his property is sequestrated three days later. Abdallah Kallel is hospitalized on July 22 at the military hospital of Tunis, in a state considered quite serious by his family, following a cardiac malaise; this one points out its conditions of detention to explain the deterioration of its state of health. On 29 November, the Criminal Chamber of the Tunisian Permanent Military Court of First Instance sentences him to four years in prison in the case of Barraket Essahel [13], reduced to two years in prison on appeal on 7 April 2012. On July 10, 2013, he is released at the end of his sentence.

The Inner House is the senior part of the Court of Session, and is both a court of appeal and a court of first instance. The Inner House has historically been the main locus of an extraordinary equitable power called the nobile officium – the High Court of Justiciary has a similar power in criminal cases. Criminal appeals in Scotland are handled by the High Court of Justiciary sitting as the Court of Appeal. The Inner House is the part of the Court of Session which acts as a court of appeal for cases decided the Outer House and of civil cases from the sheriff courts, the Court of the Lord Lyon, Scottish Land Court, and the Lands Tribunal for Scotland.

In July 2008, the Netherlands Antilles Court of First Instance in Curaçao ruled against the Antillean Office for Healthcare Facilities (BZV; Stichting Bureau Ziektekostenvoorzieningen) for discriminating against a lesbian couple. The court ruled that the office had acted illegally when it refused to register the couple in its health insurance scheme. The judgement of the ruling held that "the recognition of the marriage certificate also means the recognition of the legal consequences of the marriage certificate". The decision was overturned on appeal in June 2009 by the Common Court of Justice of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba, which stated that although a same-sex marriage had to be registered as a marriage, that did not require organizations to give the same effect to them as other marriages.

We gradually learn of Grandet's miserly habits which included rarely admitting townspeople to his house. The principal exceptions were his banker des Grassins and his notary Cruchot, both of whom understood better than many the extent of Grandet's wealth and that since he was 60 in 1819 when much of the action is set, that the wealth must one day devolve on Eugénie. Naturally, they had candidates to marry her in the form of Cruchot's nephew President Cruchot de Bonfons who was president of the court of first instance, and the des Grassins son, Adolphe des Grassins. The townspeople took a lively interest in the competition, which is only natural since some sort of inheritance was the major route to prosperity in the early nineteenth century.

This represented the largest penalty ever imposed in 50 years of EU competition policy until 2009, when the European Commission fined Intel €1.06 billion ($1.45 billion) for anti-competitive behaviour. This latest decision follows a prior €280.5 million fine for non-compliance, covering the period from 21 June 2006 until 21 October 2007. On 9 May 2008, Microsoft lodged an appeal in the European Court of First Instance seeking to overturn the €899 million fine, officially stating that it intended to use the action as a "constructive effort to seek clarity from the court".Update: Microsoft to appeal $1.3B EU fine In its 2008 Annual Report Microsoft stated: On 27 June 2012, the General Court upheld the fine, but reduced it from €899 million to €860 million.

Also in 2012 Crişan was appointed as rector of the Greek Catholic mission in France, serving as the parish priest of the Romanian Catholic Church of Saint George in Paris. In 2013 he was appointed as the notary of the Synod of Bishops of the Greek-Catholic Church in Romania. The following year in 2014 Crişan was appointed as the defender of the connection in the Provincial Court of First Instance of the Archdiocese of Paris, and in 2016 he was appointed as a judge of the same court.From 2016 2017 he attended the masters courses at the Faculty of Education Sciences of the Catholic Institute in Paris, obtaining his second master's degree in co-tutorship with the University of Paris IV (Sorbonne).

The organisation of the Judiciary that the Dutch Republic inherited from the Habsburg Netherlands was a patchwork of city and feudal courts on a local level, applying local law, like Schepenbanken, Baljuw's courts, and Heerlijkheid's courts that acted as courts of first instance in both criminal and civil cases. In general, appeal from criminal verdicts was not possible, so that the Apellate courts only took appeals of civil cases. The provincial High Court (the Hof van Holland) took these appeals, but also acted as court of first instance in a number of cases. The Supreme Court of Holland and Zeeland provided a possibility of (higher) appeal from cases decided in the provincial high court and the courts of the Hoogheemraadschappen (which handled certain land-use cases).

The procedural activities of the Criminal Court are mainly regulated by the Statute of the Courts of Justice, BE 2543 (2000), as well as the Code of Criminal Procedure. The Code of Criminal Procedure, section 15, states that if nothing in the code is applicable to any procedural activity, the Code of Civil Procedure applies thereto in so far as possible. The Statute of the Courts of Justice, BE 2543 (2000), section 2, defines the Criminal Court as a court of first instance and, section 26, requires that its quorum be constituted by at least two judges. The Code of Criminal Procedure, section 184, prescribes that a decision of the court is based upon a majority of votes of the judges constituting the quorum.

Curaçao's judicial system, which has mainly been derived from the Dutch civil law system, operates independently of the legislature and the executive. It has one court of first instance: the Gerecht in Eerste Aanleg, Curaçao, and an appeal court the Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, which it shares with the other Dutch entities in the Caribbean. No appeal is possible to decisions of the Joint Court of Justice, but fundamental "questions of law" may be submitted to the Supreme Court of the Netherlands and the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden in cassation. Verdicts by those institutions may lead to a new decision of the Joint Court, taking into account the results of the cassation.

Based on previous judgments as Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co, Denning J held that the full rent was payable from the time that the flats became fully occupied in mid-1945. However, he continued in an obiter statement that if Central London had tried to claim for the full rent from 1940 onwards, they would not have been able to. This was reasoned on the basis that if a party leads another party to believe that he will not enforce his strict legal rights, then the courts will prevent him from doing so at a later stage. Being obiter dicta and in a court of first instance this was doubly not a binding precedent, yet it essentially created the doctrine of promissory estoppel.

The Aruban legal system is based on the Dutch model. In Aruba, legal jurisdiction lies with the Gerecht in Eerste Aanleg (Court of First Instance) on Aruba, the Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie van Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, en van Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba (Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba) and the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden (Supreme Court of Justice of the Netherlands). The Korps Politie Aruba (Aruba Police Force) is the island's law enforcement agency and operates district precincts in Oranjestad, Noord, San Nicolaas, and Santa Cruz, where it is headquartered. Deficit spending has been a staple in Aruba's history, and modestly high inflation has been present as well.

It also has been charged that the laws on adultery and rape have been subject to widespread misuse, and that 95 percent of the women accused of adultery are found innocent in the court of first instance or on appeal. This commission found that the main victims of the Hudood Ordinances are poor women who are unable to defend themselves against slanderous charges. According to the commission, the laws also have been used by husbands and other male family members to punish their wives and female family members for reasons that have nothing to do with perceived sexual impropriety. Approximately one-third or more of the women in jails in Lahore, Peshawar, and Mardan in 1998 were awaiting trial for adultery under the Hudood Ordinances.

She has also sat as a Deputy Judge in the Court of First Instance of the High Court of Hong Kong. Cheng also holds several academic positions. She is a Fellow of King's College London, previously an honorary and visiting professor of the China University of Political Science and Law and the course director of the International Arbitration and Dispute Settlement Course at the School of Law, Tsinghua University and Adjunct Professor with the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Cheng co-authored numerous books and articles, including "Construction Law and Practice in Hong Kong" and "Arbitration in Hong Kong: A Practical Guide", published by Sweet & Maxwell, and papers in the "International Council for Commercial Arbitration Congress Series", published by Kluwer Law International.

Indeed, the Chinese warlords used the incident as a pretext to further their own political aims. While Feng Yuxiang threatened to attack British interests militarily and demanded a national apology, Zhang Zuolin, who effectively controlled Shanghai's Chinese outskirts, had his police and soldiers arrest protesters and Communists and assist the Settlement forces. Two investigations into the events of May 30 were ordered, one by Chinese authorities and one by international appointees, Justice Finley Johnson (presiding), Judge of the Court of First Instance in the Philippines (representing America), Sir Henry Gollan, Chief Justice of Hong Kong (representing Britain) and Justice Kisaburo Suga of the Hiroshima Court of Appeal (representing Japan). The Chinese authorities refused to participate in the international investigation, which found 2-1 that the shooting justifiable.

In the afternoon of Thursday, 28 April 2011, Rachid Niny was placed under arrest by the Moroccan Police after being accused of an "offence against national and citizens security" by Abd-Allah al-Balghîtî, the general prosecutor of the King at Casablanca. His lawyer Khalid Soufyâni called the arrest a political decision which aimed to silence an opponent of official corruption.Une d'al- Massae (Consulté le 29/04/2011) On 9 June 2011, the Court of First Instance in Ain S’ba’ in Casablanca sentenced Niny to one year in prison for "undermining a judicial decision", "attempting to influence the judiciary", and "reporting on untrue criminal offences". Amnesty International protested Niny's incarceration, declaring him a prisoner of conscience and demanding his immediate release.

In 1215, the Fourth Lateran Council canon 23 states that the duty to elect a bishop for a cathedral within three months devolves to the next immediate superior when that duty is neglected by electors. In 1517 Pope Leo X, in ', forbade the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Hermann of Wied, to rely on his status as ' in summoning Philip of Burgundy, his treasurer, and his ecclesiastical and secular subjects to a court of first instance in Cologne. John Mason Neale explained that Leo X only confirmed a right of the church but Leo X's confirmation "was providential" in respect to the future schism. This greatly promoted the independence of the diocese, so that no clergy or laity from Utrecht would ever be tried by a Roman tribunal.

Effective 00:00 HKT on 5 October 2019, offenders risked a maximum of one-year imprisonment or a fine of HK$25,000 (US$3,200). The Court of First Instance (CFI) denied an application for a judicial injunction of the anti-mask law, on the same night shortly before the new regulation took effect. A subsequent attempt by pro-democrats to halt the new regulation also failed, however, the court recommended a judicial review at a later date. The CFI later ruled that the granting of powers to the Chief Executive in Council on an occasion of public danger by the ERO was unconstitutional, and, therefore, that the entirety of the PFCR was unconstitutional because it was in exercise of those powers.

Bristows began to act for The Royal Society in the 1940s. By that time, other clients in the field of learned societies and institutions include the Royal Society of the Arts, Institution of Chemical Engineers, Institution of Civil Engineers, Institution of Electrical Engineers and Institution of Mechanical Engineers.G B Cooke, A History of the Firm In the 1950s, to avoid a notoriously unpredictable English judge, the firm took the unusual move of bringing a patent case in Scotland, despite the lack of experience of patent litigation there. The move, for a textile machinery manufacturer, was successful,Outer House (Court of First Instance) and an Appeal to the Inner House by the Defendant’s was dismissed (see 69 RPC 2612 and 70 RPC 69).

Microsoft has since paid a €497 million fine, shipped versions of Windows without Windows Media Player, and licensed many of the protocols used in its products to developers in countries within the European Economic Area. However, the European Commission has charactized the much delayed protocol licensing as unreasonable, called Microsoft "non- compliant" and still violating antitrust law in 2007, and said that its RAND terms were above market prices; in addition, they said software patents covering the code "lack significant innovation", which Microsoft and the EC had agreed would determine licensing fees. Microsoft responded by saying, that other government agencies had found "considerable innovation". Microsoft appealed the facts and ruling to the European Court of First Instance with hearings in September 2006.

Fanling Magistrates' Court Magistrates exercise criminal jurisdiction over a wide range of offences. Although there is a general limit of two years imprisonment or a fine of $100,000, certain statutory provisions give Magistrates the power to sentence up to three years imprisonment and to impose a fine up to $5,000,000. Prosecution of all indictable offences commences in the Magistrates' Courts, the Secretary for Justice may apply to have a case transferred to the District Court or committed to the Court of First Instance of the High Court depending on the seriousness of a case. There are approximately 70 Magistrates, sitting in various Tribunals and seven Magistrates' Courts: Eastern, Kowloon City, Kwun Tong, West Kowloon, Sha Tin, Fanling and Tuen Mun.

On February 20, 2004, the Court of First Instance of Antwerp, Belgium, ruled in a lawsuit between three Belgian coffee vendors, N.V. Fort Koffiebranderij, S.A. Cafés Liégeois and N.V. Beyers Koffie, versus Philips and Douwe Egberts over the European patent, and decided that the other coffee vendors were allowed to produce and market coffee pods that fit the Senseo. The Senseo creators had used their patent to get an injunction against the marketing of coffee pods by other coffee brands, and those others replied by seeking a declaratory judgment of non-infringement. One consideration the Belgian judge offered for the ruling is that coffee pods already existed. That ruling ended the Senseo coffee pod monopoly, and following that ruling, practically every coffee vendor in the Benelux countries started production of coffee pods.

Comilang v. Commissioner of Registration was a 2011–2013 case against the Hong Kong Immigration Department by a former foreign domestic helper (Milagros Tecson Comilang) who is the sole custodial parent of a child (Zahrah Noor Ahmed) who has permanent residence status in Hong Kong. Comilang sought to challenge her own removal from Hong Kong on, inter alia, the grounds that it would effectively force Ahmed to leave Hong Kong and thus deprive her of all of the benefits she should enjoy as a Hong Kong permanent resident. The ruling against the applicants in the Court of First Instance had wider legal significance, as it established that neither the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights nor the Convention on the Rights of the Child are incorporated in Hong Kong law.

EY Hong Kong resigned from the audit of Standard Water on when it emerged that although EY Hong Kong had signed off the audit, it had been effectively outsourced to the affiliate in mainland China, which had received 99.98% of the fee. This was important because shareholders have less confidence in mainland auditors and because audit papers on the mainland are subject to state secrecy laws and can be withheld from outside regulators. EY's quality and risk management leader (Greater China) even testified in the Court of First Instance that he was not sure whether there was a formal agreement covering the relationship between the two EY entities. The court case in 2013 came as US regulators were taking an interest in similar cases of accounting fraud in mainland China.

Following the judiciary organization reform of 2014, the country is now divided in 23 larger comarcas, all of them having, each one, a single judicial court of first instance, with general jurisdiction. Each judicial court is divided in judgeships (juízos), with the following types existing: central civil, local civil, central criminal, local criminal, local minor crimes, criminal procedure, labor, family and juvenile, commercial, execution, general jurisdiction and proximity. The comarca courts are typically installed in monumental courthouses, called palácios da Justiça (palaces of Justice), many of them built between the 1940s and the 1960s. Before the reduction of the number of comarcas due to the 2014 reform, each palace of Justice was usually a seat of a court, but now most of them are only seats of judgeships of larger courts.

The civil panels of the Federal Court of Justice primarily deal with appeals on points of law (Revision) and complaints against denial of leave to appeal on points of law (Nichtzulassungsbeschwerde). In a typical civil case, the losing party can appeal to a court of second instance—provided that the subject matter of the appeal is greater than 600 euros or the court of first instance expressly allowed the appeal.Sections 512(1), 512(2) ZPO. Such an appeal (Berufung) can be both on points of fact and on points of law, and it prompts the appellate court to re-hear the entire matter (that is, it (re-)hears witnesses, including potential new witnesses, and re-tries material issues of fact).Gerhard Robbers, An Introduction to German Law (7th edn, Nomos 2019) 25.

The Deed of Gift is a registered Trust document in the New York Supreme Court in Manhattan (New York County), New York City, New York, which is a court of first instance, unlike supreme courts of other jurisdictions. An interpretation of the document, when contested, can be taken before that Court for clarification on whether the Deed of Gift's terms and conditions (as written by George L. Schuyler) are being met. The wording of the deed is comparatively straightforward but written in the legal language, style and terminology of the time it was written. In later years this has given rise to disputes relating to the meaning of particular phrases and words and clarified or further confused by taking a view on what the donor actually intended when the deed was written.

In view of this disaster and the unhealthiness of the place, authorities and neighbors arranged to leave the primitive seat and moved to Old Village site. On July 15, 1919 was annexed to the District of Dulce Nombre de Maria, but only in administrative matters, as in the judiciary remained attached to the Court of First Instance of Tejutla and June 29, 1932 the district of Chalatenango. During the Armed Conflict, La Laguna was a strategic town during the Salvadoran civil war in the 1980s Their houses, battered by bullets, witnessed and protective of its inhabitants, with its adobe walls 60 centimeters thick. The Montañona, was the aim to overcome the armed forces, as from its heights the whole sector and the movements of war camps was visible.

400px Once a decision has been reached and read by the judge in a General Court of first instance, the aggrieved party may file an appeal to the relevant court of appeal within seven days. No appeal can be filed against a: # Judgment of acquittal that relates to an inappropriate application of law; or # Judgment of dismissal of all charges that relates to an inappropriate application of law; or # Judgment under express procedure. A judgment is made under express procedure when only one judge adjudicates the case because it is clear and minor. There are three grounds for appealing to the High Court: # Where a law of procedure has been negligently applied; # Where a mistake is found in the examination at first instance; # Where something is incomplete in the examination at first instance.

The remaining judges are the Lords Commissioners of Justiciary, who hold office ex officio by virtue of being appointed as Senators of the College of Justice and judges of the Court of Session. As a court of first instance trials are usually heard with a jury of 15 and a single Lord Commissioner of Justiciary; the jury can convict on a majority verdict. In some cases, such as the trial of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi and Lamin Khalifah Fhimah for the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, a trial can be heard by a bench of judges alone; sitting without a jury. As an appeal court the hearings are always without a jury, with two judges sitting to hear an appeal against sentence, and three judges sit to hear an appeal against conviction.

Legal aid is available for committal proceedings in the Magistrates' Courts; cases tried in the District Court and the Court of First Instance of the High Court; and appeals from the Magistrates' Courts, and to the Court of Appeal of the High Court or the Court of Final Appeal. An applicant must satisfy the means test criteria which are the same as for civil cases. Notwithstanding that an applicant's financial resources exceed the statutory limit, the Director of Legal Aid may grant legal aid to the applicant if the Director is satisfied that it is desirable in the interests of justice to do so. However, in appeal cases, the Director of Legal Aid must be satisfied that there are meritorious grounds for appeal with a reasonable prospect of success.

This means that the unconstitutional legal provision still exists (it is not formally "null and void"), but it is expelled from the Greek "law and order". The decision of the Supreme Special Court, declaring the unconstitutionality of a legal provision is final, irrevocable, binding for every Greek court, including the Supreme Courts, and judges the matter once for ever. No court has the right to take a different decision for the same legal provision in the future. If a court of first instance or a court of appeals or even a Supreme Court had judged the same matter in a contradictory way before the issuing of the decision of the Supreme Special Court, it is obliged to reverse is judgement and to reissue it in accordance with the Supreme Special Court's decision.

Yuen received criticism from activists for his prosecution against protesters and activists, including the Department of Justice’s sentence review applications of 16 activists involved in two 2014 protests. In August 2017, Demosisto party chairman Nathan Law, secretary- general Joshua Wong and former Hong Kong Federation of Students secretary- general Alex Chow were jailed by the Court of Appeal of the High Court, the student leaders who stormed the government’s headquarters in 2014 in the which triggered the Occupy pro-democracy sit-ins. They were originally given community service orders and a suspended jail term in August 2016 by the Court of First Instance, but the Department of Justice decided for pursuing after stiffer penalties by applying for a review. It was reported that Yuen had overruled recommendations by top prosecutors that the government should not seek stiffer sentences.

The oligopolists need not always "behave as if there were one or more explicit agreements between them." The Commission believed it was "sufficient that the merger makes it rational for the oligopolists...to act individually in ways which will substantially reduce competition between them."paragraph 54, Commission Decision [2000] L 93/1 In the case of Airtours v Commission, the Court of First Instance annulled the Commission's decision to prohibit the Airtours-First Choice merger on the grounds that the Commission's interpretation of collective dominance was not informed by the widely recognised indicator of anti- competitive behaviour in an oligopolistic market - tacit collusion. The Airtours legal action created a significant level of uncertainty in EU merger law as a perceived gap had arisen with the law at the time - the gap of the non-collusive oligopoly.

In October 2013, he was sentenced to 37 months in prison by the Swiss court of first instance in Bellinzona for fraud and money laundering in connection with Appian's purchase of a minority package of MUS shares from the Czech government in 1999. Due to his advanced age and poor health, he has not attended any of the court hearings, always using the possibility to be represented by an attorney. As all of his assets and even part of his old-age pension have been seized in the Czech Republic due to the criminal proceedings, he has to be represented by an attorney appointed to him ex officio. After 15 years of continuous investigation, Oldřich Klimecký has given up on justice, lives a secluded life, does not comment on the case and does not communicate with the media.

Kouwenhoven was arrested in the Netherlands on 18 March 2005 and stood trial at the Court of First Instance in The Hague, starting 24 April 2006, charged with arms smuggling and war crimes in Liberia in the 90s, for which the Dutch public prosecutors sought a 20-year jail sentence and a fine of €450,000. The court tried to summon Charles Taylor to testify against Kouwenhoven. On 7 June 2006 Kouwenhoven was sentenced to 8 years in jail for arms smuggling. The court did not find him guilty of war crimes. Both the public prosecutors and Kouwenhoven sought a higher court appeal and Kouwenhoven was released in March 2007 in anticipation of his new trial.. The Court of Appeal in The Hague acquitted him of all charges on 10 March 2008 and sharply criticized the work of the prosecution.

The Prohibition on Face Covering Regulation (Cap. 241K) ("PFCR") is a regulation prohibiting the wearing of face coverings in certain circumstances made by Chief Executive in Council under the Emergency Regulations Ordinance due to the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests The Court of First Instance heard applications for judicial review from 24 members of the Legislative Council (LegCo) and Leung Kwok-hung, a former LegCo member, submitted in early October. On 18 November it ruled that both the prohibition on the wearing of masks and related powers granted to the police to enforce it are inconsistent with the Hong Kong Bill of Rights, whilst leaving the question of relief to a future hearing. On 22 November the court declared the PFCR invalid and of no effect, but suspended the application of that declaration till 29 November 2019.

In 2011, Macrae presided over the re-trial of Nancy Kissel for the murder of her husband, Robert Peter Kissel. In 2013, Macrae presided over the criminal trial of Peter Chan in relation to the forgery of a will purporting to be the will of Nina Wang, who at the time of her death was chair of Chinachem Group and Asia's richest woman. In 2014, Macrae sat as an additional Judge of the Court of First Instance and presided over the criminal trial of the former Chief Secretary for Administration, Rafael Hui, and property magnate Thomas Kwok. In 2017, Macrae (sitting with Mr Justice Lunn, VP and Mr Justice Zervos in the Court of Appeal) heard the application of Rurik Jutting for leave to appeal against his conviction for the murders of Sumarti Ningsih and Jesse Lorena.

Moguer remained, however, as head of a new legal district (partido judicial) and notarial and registrational districts (distritos notorial y registral) having also comarcal courts, a court of first instance and an examining magistrates court (Juzgados comarcal, de Instancia y de Instrucción). Ecclesiastically, Moguer had been the seat of the vicarage of the same name since the mid-15th century and also core of a deanery (arciprestazgo) whose area was broader than the old parish, which only extended as far as Palos de la Frontera. The end of noble and ecclesiastical territorial privileges had a strong effect on local economic structures, especially with respect to the Church. The First Spanish Republic (1873–1874) also left its mark with the construction of road and bridge over the Río Tinto, basic infrastructures for the development of the municipality.

The court of first instance held that only a communication received in sacramental confession would be privileged and that, therefore, the priest was bound in this case to disclose the name of the thief. The Court of Cassation reversed this decision. Its judgment commences with a reference to the existence of the Concordat of 1801 and to the result that the Catholic religion is placed under the protection of the State, and it goes on to say that a confessor may not be ordered to disclose secret communications made to him in the exercise of his calling, "excepting those cases which appertain directly to the safety of the State" [hors les cas qui tiennent immédiatement à la sûreté de l'état]. Commenting on these words, Dalloz says that the jurist, Jean Marie Emmanuel Legraverend (1776–1827), admits the exception.

Anic Partecipazioni SpA and several other corporations (including Montedison SpA, Hoechst AG, Imperial Chemical Industries plc and Shell International Chemical Company Ltd) manufactured polypropylene, a substance used in packaging and labelling, some textiles, loudspeakers and polymer banknotes. Between 1977 and 1983 they had a system of target prices, and aimed to limit output to share the market according to quotas. Anic had a market share between 2.7 and 4.2 per cent. The Commission found that Anic was in the cartel and fined it 750,000 ecu. The Court of First Instance reduced the Commission’s fine, saying the Commission failed to establish correctly how long Anic was involved in the cartel. Anic cross appealed, seeking further fine reduction or full annulment of the Commission’s Decision, arguing the Commission failed to specify whether its alleged infringement was an agreement or a concerted practice.

Judges and judicial officers are appointed by the Chief Executive of the HKSAR after receiving secret advice and recommendations from the Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission. The scope of appointees covers all those who preside over the Court of Final Appeal, Court of Appeal, Court of First Instance, District Court, Family Court, Magistrates' Courts, Lands Tribunal, Labour Tribunal, Small Claims Tribunal, Coroners' Courts and Competition Tribunal. The commission is a statutory body established under the Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission Ordinance and composed of the Chief Justice, Secretary for Justice (themselves appointed to office by the Chief Executive) and seven others appointed by the Chief Executive of the HKSAR: two judges, one barrister, one solicitor and three other persons unconnected with legal practice. Appointed members serve terms of two years and can be re-appointed for further terms.

A year after the massacre, García said a number of people had died in a clash on May 14, 1980, at the Sumpul river, but the number had been greatly exaggerated. On October 26, 1992, survivors of the Sumpul river massacre filed a judicial complaint with the Chalatenango Court of First Instance, which was admitted under the title "on verifying the murder of 600 people". On April 1, 1993, the United Nations published its "Report of the UN Truth Commission on El Salvador", finding that there was "substantial evidence" that Salvadoran forces "massacred no less than 300 unarmed civilians" and that "the massacre was made possible by the cooperation of the Honduran armed forces." It noted that "Salvadorian military authorities were guilty of a cover-up of the incident", and described the massacre as "a serious violation of international humanitarian law and international human rights law".

Portrait of Silvio Berlusconi in 2010 Silvio Berlusconi, a former Prime Minister of Italy, was found not guilty on appeal; he was formerly accused and convicted of paying 17-year-old Moroccan prostitute Karima El Mahroug, also known by the stage name Ruby Rubacuori (Italian for "Ruby the Heartstealer")—for sexual services between February and May 2010 when she was under the age of 18. He was found not guilty on appeal also, formerly convicted of malfeasance in office () by arranging to have El Mahroug released from police detention during an incident in which she was briefly held on claims of theft. On 24 June 2013, the Court of First Instance sentenced Berlusconi to seven years in prison, and banned him from public office for life. Berlusconi appealed the sentence, and on 18 July 2014, an appeals court overturned Berlusconi's conviction, thus making him once again eligible to hold elected office.

Comilang was successful in obtaining leave to seek judicial review against the tribunal's decision. She received Legal Aid and was represented by Daly & Associates, which instructed barrister Gladys Li. Justice Johnson Lam of the Court of First Instance ruled against Comilang in June 2012. One complex legal question partially addressed by Lam's judgment was whether or not the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights is incorporated in Hong Kong law, and to what extent it imposes obligations on the Hong Kong government. In prior cases, most Hong Kong judges had declined to rule on this issue at all; they addressed only the simpler legal question of whether or not a claimant's rights under the ICESCR had been violated, and having found in all such cases that no violation had occurred, they were able to avoid the need to examine the question of incorporation.

In recent years, mergers have increased in their complexity, size and geographical reach, as seen in the merger between Pfizer and Warner- Lambert.Case M 1878, decision of 22 May 2000 According to Merger Regulation No.139/2004,Merger Regulations (EC) No.139/2004 in order for these regulations to apply, a merger must have a “community dimension”, meaning the merger must have a noticeable impact within the EU, therefore the undertakings in question must have a certain degree of business within the EU common market.Art 1 (2) (a) & (b), EUMR 2004 However, in Genccor Ltd v. Commission, the Court of First Instance(now the General Court) stated that it does not matter where the merger takes place, as long as it has an impact within the community, the regulations will apply. Through “economics links”,Italian Flat Glass [1992] ECR ii-1403 a new market can become more conductive to collusion.

On 16 April 2008, the Court of First Instance of the High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region decided in open court to publicize the case of Aziz Akbar Butt v Director of Immigration (HCAL32-2007). Aziz Akbar Butt, born in Pakistan and a Hong Kong permanent resident who became a naturalised PRC citizen of Hong Kong on 8 January 2007, argued that for HKSAR passport holders such as himself born outside the PRC, Hong Kong or Macao, it was not necessary for the Director of Immigration to label their "place of birth" as stated in the HKSAR passport to be the country/state of birth specifically, with the city or province of birth sufficing. He further claimed to have problems travelling to several countries because of the fact that his HKSAR passport stated "Pakistan" (i.e. his country of birth) instead of "Karachi" or "Sindh" (i.e.

Combining their skills, Casco and Resck used international pressure, and Roberto Paredes led a raid by the JPDH on the Palacio de los López, to force the closure of the camp. The two groups worked together, though some members of the JPDH thought the privilege accorded to Casco because of her family position made her both less willing to take risks and unable to relate to issues of the masses; conversely, she felt that the subversive ideologies of the radicals within JPDH would undermine the work of the Commission. Though there was no immediate reaction from the government to these actions, in 1979, Casco was exiled from the Radical Liberal Party, brought before the judge of the Criminal Court of First Instance and denounced by the government. Despite these attempts to intimidate her, Casco was unrepentant, hosting two additional Human Rights Congresses during the dictatorship in 1982 and 1987.

The Division is headed by a Director, who is supported by five Deputy Directors of Public Prosecutions (DDPP) in charge of different sub- divisions: # Sub-division I (Advisory): Responsible for cases in the Court of First Instance, District Court, and Magistrates' Court # Sub-division II (Policy and Administration / Chief of Staff): Responsible for providing advice to other government departments and a wide range of administrative matters, including human resources, training, and media relations # Sub-division III (Advocacy and Appeals): Responsible for advocacy work on all levels, and are also responsible for advising and conducting appeals # Sub-division IV (Commercial Crime): Responsible for prosecuting all instances of commercial crime # Special Duties: Responsible for ad hoc large scale projects as directed by the DPP, as well as certain public-order crime and cybercrime One Deputy Director sub-division will also be designated as Chief of Staff; currently, this is with Sub-division II.

In January 2006, Jihad Al-Momani, former chief editor of the weekly newspaper Shihan, and Hussein Al-Khalidi, of the weekly Al-Mihar, were arrested for printing controversial cartoons depicting the Prophet Muhammad. On February 5, 2006, the two men were charged by the Conciliation Court and the Court of First Instance with "denigrating the Prophets in public" and "insulting God." In May 2006 they received the minimum prison sentence of two months, but were immediately released on bail with the possibility that the sentences would be commuted to a light fine of $170 (JD 120) each. Druze, Baháʼís, and members of other unrecognized religious groups do not have their religious affiliations correctly noted on their national identity cards or "family books" (the family book is a national registration record that is issued to the head of every family and that serves as proof of citizenship).

Jalalian was arrested in July 2007 in the Kurdish city of Kermanshah and transferred to the detention center of the Intelligence Ministry. Her trial before the Court of First Instance took place in December 2008; after conducting a summary trial, the Court found Jalalian guilty and sentenced her to death, on charges of being a member of the Party of Free Life of Kurdistan (PJAK), a banned Kurdish group: based on her alleged membership of that Kurdistan political party, she was accused of fighting God (mohareb) and given the death penalty.Opinion No. 1/2016 concerning Zeinab Jalalian (Islamic Republic of Iran)Iranian Judicial Officials Suggest Kurdish Prisoner Will Get Temporary Leave if She Agrees to Televised "Confession", International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran (February 9, 2016). (The Revolution court in Kermanshah conducted a brief trial, without due diligence and proper legal representation, lasting only a few minutes.

Of all the commemorative stamps issued in the Philippines, the one honoring the 33rd International Eucharistic Congress held in Manila on February 3 to 7, 1937 was the most memorable one. It reached the courts, as originally contemplated by the postal authorities, the design of the stamp was a chalice with the Sacred Heart above it and a grape vine and stalks of wheat for its border. When Bishop Aglipay supreme head of the Philippine Independent Church heard of it, he promptly filed a writ of prohibition with the Court of First Instance of Manila and later with the Supreme Court to prevent the sale of these stamps on the ground that their sale would violate the Constitution which prohibited the appropriation of any public money for the use, benefit or support of any sect, church or system of religion. According to Bishop Aglipay the stamps were propaganda for the benefit of the Catholic Church.

The Court of First Instance (CFI) ruled that the granting of powers to the Chief Executive in Council on an occasion of public danger by the ERO was unconstitutional, and, therefore, that the entirety of the PFCR was unconstitutional because it was in exercise of those powers. On separate grounds it also declared all the substantive sections of the PFCR excepting that prohibiting the use of masks at an unlawful assembly inconsistent with the Basic Law and the Bill of Rights, and therefore of no effect. The Court of Appeal ruled that the ERO was in fact constitutional on occasions of public danger, and therefore that the PFCR was not invalid on those grounds. It additionally held that section 3(1)(b) of the PFCR, which prohibited masks at certain ‘unauthorised assemblies’, is proportionate, and therefore valid, but upheld the decision of the CFI that the PFCR is invalid insofar as it prohibits masks at authorised assemblies and meetings.

Albania follows the civil law tradition, which is based on the French law system. It has a three-tiered, independent judicial system governed by the constitution and national legislation enacted by the Parliament. The judicial branch of Albania is divided into three main institutions; the 'Highest Courts', which includes the Supreme Court (Gjykata e Lartë) and the Constitutional Court (Gjykata Kushtetuese), the 'Intermediate Courts' such as the Courts of Appeal (Gjykata e Apelit), Court of Appeals for Serious Crimes (Gjykata e Apelit për Krimet e rënda), and the Administrative Court of Appeals (Gjykata Administrative e Apelit) as well as the 'First Instance Courts' such as the District Courts (Gjykata e Rrethit Gjyqësor) and the Court of First Instance for Serious Crimes (Gjykata e Shkallës së Parë për Krime të Rënda). The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeal in Albania; its hearings are open and judgments are made publicly, except in cases where the privacy of the accused is to be protected.

The Court of First Instance (CFI) ruled that the granting of powers to the Chief Executive in Council on an occasion of public danger by the ERO was unconstitutional, and, therefore, that the entirety of the PFCR was unconstitutional because it was in exercise of those powers. On separate grounds it also declared all the substantive sections of the PFCR excepting that prohibiting the use of masks at an unlawful assembly inconsistent with the Basic Law and the Bill of Rights, and therefore of no effect. The Court of Appeal ruled that the ERO was in fact constitutional on occasions of public danger, and therefore that the PFCR was not invalid on those grounds. It additionally held that section 3(1)(b) of the PFCR, which prohibited masks at certain "unauthorised assemblies", is proportionate, and therefore valid, but upheld the decision of the CFI that the PFCR is invalid insofar as it prohibits masks at authorised assemblies and meetings.

As well, some cases could bypass the court and go directly to the Judicial Committee from the provincial courts of appeal. The Supreme Court formally became the court of last resort for criminal appeals in 1933 and for all other appeals in 1949. The last decisions of the Judicial Committee on cases from Canada were made in the mid-1950s, as a result of their being heard in a court of first instance prior to 1949. The increase in the importance of the Court was mirrored by the numbers of its members. The Court was established first with six judges, and these were augmented by an additional member in 1927. In 1949, the bench reached its current composition of nine justices. Prior to 1949, most of the appointees to the Court owed their position to political patronage. Each judge had strong ties to the party in power at the time of their appointment.

In 2005, opposition TD (Teachta Dála - Irish member of parliament) Phil Hogan, who later became Minister for Environment (2011 - ), stated in Dáil Éireann that "there is a widespread problem with competition in this economy... In the case of CRH, profits have been extracted from the Irish economy by means of a complex industry structure that is both anti-competitive and anti-consumer. The European Court of First Instance and finally the European Court of Justice have upheld findings of serious anti-competitive behaviour against CRH and other. While Sweden, Finland, UK, France and Germany have since levied huge fines against the cement industry, Ireland’s answer has been a stony silence."Dail debates 15 November 2005 In 2011 TD Shane Ross, a repeated critic of CRH as a journalist stated that CRH "disturbs" him and questioned why there had been no investigation of CRH in Ireland considering the adverse findings made against the company elsewhere.

Throughout its history the School (or Faculty) of Law has accommodated some of the leading legal scholars in Europe. James Muirhead's work on Roman Law garnered international praise, Professor Erskine's Principles (1754) became a standard text in Scots Law, as did those of Professor George Joseph Bell. In the 20th-century, the eminent legal theorist Professor Sir Neil MacCormick wrote his seminal texts on legal philosophy as Regius Professor at Edinburgh. Current members of Edinburgh Law School include current Regius Professor Neil Walker; Lord President Reid Professor of Law Alexandra Braun; Professor of European Union Law Professor Niamh Nic Shuibhne; the academic and novelist Professor Alexander McCall Smith; former Judge at the European Court of First Instance Sir David Edward QC; former Scottish Law Commissioners Emeritus Professor George Gretton, Professor Hector MacQueen, Professor Gerry Maher QC, Professor Andrew Steven, Professor Kenneth Reid and Emeritus Professor Robert Black QC (architect of the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial).

Several of the targeted people have brought their case before the Court of First Instance on the basis that the measures infringe fundamental principles of Community law (such as European Convention on Human Rights which ensures the right of fair trial, and no punishment without law). On 12 July 2006, Faraj Hassan and Chafik Ayadi, both UK residents who had been listed under the regime since 2002, had their cases dismissed with the statement that: > ...the Court... recognise[s] that freezing of funds constitutes a > particularly drastic measure, but adds that that measure does not prevent > the individuals concerned from leading a satisfactory personal, family and > social life, given the circumstances. In particular, they are not forbidden > to carry on a trade or business activity, it being however understood that > the receipt of income from that activity is regulated. Since the order gives HM Treasury the right to grant licenses which create exemptions to any imposed regime.

R v Steyn (1954), an important case in South African criminal procedure, dealt with an application for leave to appeal against a judgment of the High Court of Southern Rhodesia, dismissing an appeal from a decision by a magistrate, in which he convicted the applicant of the crime of theft as defined by the Stock and Produce Theft Repression Act. The court held that the basic rule was that the police docket and contents thereof were privileged and the defense is not entitled to access to it. Therefore, when statements were procured from witnesses for the purpose that what they said would be given in evidence in a lawsuit that was contemplated, these statements were protected against disclosure until at least the conclusion of the proceedings, which would include any appeal or similar step after the decision in the court of first instance. This protection against disclosure applied in both civil and criminal trials.

Arbitration county courts carry out the first cassation review of cases which were heard by arbitration courts of subjects of Russian Federation as the courts of first instance. The Court of intellectual rights became operational on July 3, 2013. The Court of intellectual rights carries out the cassation review of cases relating to the copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade secrets which were heard by arbitration courts of subjects of Russian Federation as the courts of first instance. Furthermore, the Court of intellectual rights hears some civil and administrative cases relating to the intellectual property issues as the court of first instance; such cases are heard by a panel of 3 judges of the Court of intellectual rights; appellate procedure is not provided for such cases; the first cassation review of such cases is carried out by the presidency of the Court of intellectual rights and the second - by the collegium on economic disputes of Supreme Court of Russia.

"Residency definition challenged" South China Morning Post In 2011, the issue of foreign workers applying for Hong Kong residency was debated; since one million families live under the poverty line in the territory, some political parties argued that Hong Kong has insufficient welfare funding to support 300,000 foreign workers if they can apply for public housing and social-welfare benefits. The Court of First Instance found in Vallejos v Commissioner of Registration that this definition of "ordinarily resident" contravenes Article 24 of the Basic Law. The latter stipulates, "Persons not of Chinese nationality who have entered Hong Kong with valid travel documents, have ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for a continuous period of not less than seven years and have taken Hong Kong as their place of permanent residence before or after the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region", feeding speculation that domestic helpers could obtain the right of abode.Yau, Cannix (1 March 2003).

In such a situation, a suspected infringer who has been unable to consult the text of the patent in the official language of the Member State in which he is domiciled, is presumed, until proven otherwise, not to have knowingly infringed the patent. To protect a suspected infringer who, in such a situation, has not acted in a deliberate manner, it is provided that the proprietor of the patent will not be able to obtain damages in respect of the period prior to the translation of the patent being notified to the infringer. The proposed Community Patent Regulation should also establish a court holding exclusive jurisdiction to invalidate issued patents; thus, a Community Patent's validity will be the same in all EU member states. This court will be attached to the present European Court of Justice and Court of First Instance through use of provisions in the Treaty of Nice. Discussion regarding the Community patent had made clear progress in 2003 when a political agreement was reached on 3 March 2003.

However, on July 14, 1960, then Executive Secretary Castillo sent a telegram to the Provincial Board of Southern Leyte which states as follows: The Provincial Board of newly established Southern Leyte passed Resolution No. 62 suspending the implementation of Executive Order 368 on July 18, 1960. The board also created a committee to conduct the holding of a plebiscite in the barrios and sitios affected by the Executive Order and to finally settle the boundary dispute. On June 24, 1970, the municipality of Sogod filed Civil Case No. R-1706 for certiorari and prohibition with the Court of First Instance of Southern Leyte (now Regional Trial Court [RTC]), to enjoin the provincial board and provincial governor from taking cognizance of the long pending boundary dispute between the two municipalities and to enjoin Bontoc town from exercising territorial jurisdiction over the said barrios. However, the trial court dismissed the action for lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter of the case on August 31, 1973. On December 17, 1973, the trial court denied petitioner’s motion for reconsideration.

A Supreme Court judgment (No. 1306 of 15 October 2013), marked the beginning of what has been called a “Transparency Spring”. The ruling from the Supreme Court was made in the context of an Amparo filed by a citizen called Jose Daniel Vargas Tellez, after the San Lorenzo Municipality denied him access to the information about the names, the job descriptions and the wages of all the employees that were working in that public office. The Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeals rejected the Amparo on the grounds that information of that type was considered sensitive by the Data Protection and Privacy Act (Law 1682/02 and 1969/02). The latter rulings were challenged on constitutional grounds and the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Vargas Tellez holding that while this information relating to the identity and wages of public employees and officers constitutes personal propriety data, it is nonetheless registered in a “public source of information”, which makes it available to any citizen who requests it.

Where a newly-appointed High Court Judge has previously served as the Director of Public Prosecutions in the Department of Justice, he or she is subject to a 'sanitisation' period of 6 months upon appointment during which he or she does not deal with any criminal trials or appeals or any civil cases involving the Government to maintain judicial independence and impartiality.See the press releases announcing the judicial appointments of former DPPs Ian McWalters SC () and Kevin Zervos SC () Upon appointment as a full-time High Court Judge, one must give an undertaking not to return to practise in future as a barrister or solicitor in Hong Kong. The remuneration of High Court Judges is determined by the Chief Executive on the recommendation of the independent Standing Committee on Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service. As of 1 April 2017, a full-time Judge of the Court of First Instance receives a monthly salary of HK$292,650, while a Justice of Appeal receives a monthly salary of HK$307,050.

Marrakesh City Hall Marrakesh, the regional capital, constitutes a prefecture- level administrative unit of Morocco, Marrakech Prefecture, forming part of the region of Marrakech-Safi. Marrakesh is a major centre for law and jurisdiction in Morocco and most of the major courts of the region are here. These include the regional Court of Appeal, the Commercial Court, the Administrative Court, the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal of Commerce, and the Administrative Court of Appeal. Numerous organizations of the region are based here, including the regional government administrative offices, the Regional Council of Tourism office, and regional public maintenance organisations such as the Governed Autonomous Water Supply and Electricity and Maroc Telecom. Testament to Marrakesh's development as a modern city, on 12 June 2009, Fatima-Zahra Mansouri, a then 33-year-old lawyer and daughter of a former assistant to the local authority chief in Marrakesh, was elected the first female mayor of the city, defeating outgoing Mayor Omar Jazouli by 54 votes to 35 in a municipal council vote.

Microsoft Corp., alleging that Microsoft violated Iowa's antitrust laws by engaging in monopolistic practices.Comes v. Microsoft Corp., 646 N.W.2d 440 (2002); see also $180 Million Microsoft Iowa Antitrust Settlement Results in Cash Benefits to Consumers, (2007-08-14). In 2002, the Iowa Supreme Court ruled that indirect purchasers (consumers who purchased computers from a third-party, with Microsoft's software pre- installed in the computer) could be included as members of the class in the class action suit.Comes v. Microsoft Corp., 646 N.W.2d 440 (2002) On remand, the trial court certified two classes of plaintiffs, and the Iowa Supreme Court ultimately affirmed the class certification.Comes v. Microsoft Corp., 696 N.W.2d 318 (Iowa 2005); standard of review on remand later determined in Comes v. Microsoft Corp., 709 N.W.2d 114 (Iowa 2006). In August 2007, the parties ultimately reached a settlement valued at $179.95 million.$180 Million Microsoft Iowa Antitrust Settlement Results in Cash Benefits to Consumers, (August 14, 2007). On September 17, 2007, the EU Court of First Instance rejected Microsoft's appeal.

In Lego's Hong Kong suit against Tyco Super Blocks, Lego received an injunction forcing Tyco to stop cloning Lego brick designed after 1973. Tyco was also being sued at the time by Lego in Austria, Italy and Canada. The Canadian company Mega Bloks was sued on the grounds that its use of the "studs and tubes" interlocking brick system was a violation of trademarks held by Lego. On November 17, 2005, the Supreme Court of Canada upheld Mega Bloks' right to continue selling the product in Canada. A similar decision was reached by the European Union's Court of First Instance on November 12, 2008, upholding an EU regulatory agency's reversal of opinion following an objection by Mega Bloks against a trademark awarded to Lego in 1999. On September 14, 2010, the European Court of Justice ruled that the 8-peg design of the original Lego brick "merely performs a technical function [and] cannot be registered as a trademark." The English company Best-Lock Construction Toys sued Lego in German courts in 2004 and 2009.

On 13 March 2018, businessman Wong Tai-hoi of the Taxi Drivers & Operators Association accompanied by former legislator Wong Kwok-hing of the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) lodged a judicial review application challenging Au Nok-hin and returning officer Anne Teng Yu-yan, who approved Au’s candidacy to run in the by-election, claiming that Au was ineligible to run because he burned a copy of the Basic Law during a protest against Beijing’s interpretation of the Basic Law over the oath-taking controversy on 2 November 2016. The application was however rejected by the court on 29 March. In September 2019, Court of First Instance Judge Anderson Chow overturned the returning officers' decision to disqualify Agnes Chow and Ventus Lau in the by-elections respectively, on the basis of that the disqualified candidates were not given any reasonable opportunity to respond to the returning officers' questions which led to their ineligibility. The decisions meant that the winners of the Hong Kong Island and New Territories East, Au Nok-hin and Gary Fan, were not duly elected and therefore lost their seats.

On 11 June 2012, in front of General Command of Police, Mohammed was arrested. He did not get a lawyer during the arrest. The time between the arrest and the sentence of the first instance, were he in jail 2 months. Oman's Internal Security service held him incommunicado in solitary confinement in a cell with a bright light that was never turned off, with handcuffs and black cover, and subjected him to extensive interrogations for 28 days. Then transferred him to a facility near Sama’il Central Prison, where he spent another 23 days in solitary confinement also. Then he was transferred to a police station with theft and drug prisoners and he spent 8 days, then he transferred again to the facility near Sama’il Central Prison and he spent 18 days. On 8 August 2012, The Court of First Instance in Muscat sentenced Mohammed with 10 other human rights defenders, to one year and a half in prison and a fine of 200 Rials (US$520) and a financial guarantee of 3000 Rials (US$7800). The charges were illegal assembly, disturbing public order, violating the cyber-crime law; insult the Sultan, and reducing the prestige of the country.

Justice Austria-Martinez started working in the government as a clerk in the Office of the Insurance Commissioner (February 1962 - December 1962). Later, she became Legal Officer I in the same Office (January 1963 - October 1964). Her brief stint in the Office of the Insurance Commissioner was cut short when she became a legal researcher in the Court of First Instance of Rizal (October 1964 - July 1969), thus, starting her long and illustrious career in the judiciary. From being a researcher, she gradually worked her way up in the ladder of judicial hierarchy and, in the process, held various positions such as Attorney Researcher (July 1969 - December 1975), Senior Attorney (January 1976 - October 20, 1976), and eventually Division Clerk of Court of the Court of Appeals (October 21, 1976 - January 17, 1983). On January 18, 1983, she was appointed as the Presiding Judge of the Regional Trial Court (Branch XXXVI) of Calamba, Laguna. On November 4, 1986, she became the Presiding Judge of the Regional Trial Court (Branch CLIX) of Pasig City. From 1990 to 1992, she concurrently held the position of Executive Judge of the Regional Trial Court of Pasig City. She also served in different capacities as an officer of the Philippines Judges’ Association and the Philippine Women Judges’ Association from 1987 to 1992.